Portfolio (English) - Thiago Lee | Columbia GSAPP + FAU USP by Thiago Lee

thiago lee Columbia GSAPP M. Architecture M.Sc. Urban Planning

Portfolio

thiago.lee@columbia.edu 781.296.4371

Indigenous communities within the Amazon Forest grapple with challenges rooted in inadequate urban infrastructure and longstanding pressures from both private and public entities, legacies of a colonial past. This project envisages the growth of Shukuvena Village by 2180, picturing a community that not only achieves self-sufficiency in energy, water, and waste management but also upholds its ancestral land-use practices, ensuring communal stewardship of public spaces and a symbiotic relationship with the encompassing natural environment.

Autonomous infrastructure for the Yawanawa Instr.: Vanessa Keith Year: Fall 2022 Studio: Advanced 5 Acre, Brazil

A | BACKGROUND | COLONIZATION AND LOSS OF AUTONOMOUS LANDS

B | OBJECTIVES 3-PRONGED APPROACH WATER MANAGEMENT

Restoring autonomy with independent low-complexity infrastructure

DECOLONIAL POST-PROPERTY DESIGN

Strengthening collective ownership of land with quality open spaces

CONTEXTUALLY

Solutions conside

Y SENSITIVE SOLUTIONS

erate of location and resources available

HISTORICAL COLONIZATION

11.6% Indigenous Land Ownership

Loss of autonomy and agency over their lands since the 1500s until the 20th century. Significant loss of autonomous lands. WATER BODIES UNDER THREAT

Seasonal floodings have been contaminating water bodies with chemicals originated from agricultural practices, deforestation and mining. LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE

Yawanawa villages lack adequate systems of delivering potable water and handling dark water which is leading many to suffer with preventable diseases. DISCONNECTED & DISTANT

Yawanawa villages are dozens of miles away from nearest urban area (São Vicente). The rainforest separates their them from any urban infrastructure.

C | VILLAGE DESIGN STRATEGY

D | ARCHITECTURE DE

SCALES OF CENTRALITIES

Considering the challenges the water and to access adequate in electricity, this tower aim to be a

SELF-SUFFICIENCY

Water is collected from air hum structure and from the rain in th downwards creates energy whe And additional energy is created flutters in the crown of the towe

Diverse centralities within the community foster diverse public spaces, catering from localized needs to wider community engagements. Self-sufficiency in food production, water collection, and sewage disposal through the implementation of appropriate infrastructure. INTEGRATED INFRASTRUCTURE

Water collection, sewage treatment, fish farming, and agriculture interconnect to enhance efficiency and reduce waste in each process. OPEN SPACE DISTRIBUTION

SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM

VILLAGE STRATEGY Water Tower

Glamping Area

Residential Cluster

Eco-Hostel

Animal Sanctuary Museum

Crop Farm

Water Retaining Vegetation

Water Tower Village Center

Residential Cluster

Bridge

Residential Cluster

Water Tower

Crop Farm

Water Tower Sewage Treatment

Fish Pond

Flood Max Level Wildlife Sanctuary

This construction aims to multip the community, offering spaces

ESIGN | FOCUS 1 | WATER TOWER

Yawanawa face to collect potable nfrastructure such as sewage and a structure that fill in those gaps.

midity on meshes in the outer he upper story. Its movement en passing through mini-turbines. d from the wind passing through er.

ply the sheltered open spaces in s for gathering and research.

STRUCTURE + WATER & ENERGY SYSTEM

Both the water tower and the exhibition space were envisioned to provide additional public spaces for the community while providing for the infrastructural needs of the Yawanawa people. Flaps made with piezoelectric materials are placed on the roof of the exhibition space and generate electricity through the vibration provoked by the passing wind. In addition, rainwater is also captured by the roof’s curvature.

E | ARCHITECTURE DESIGN | FOC

CUS 2 | ANIMAL SANCTUARY EXHIBITION SPACE

ROOF PLAN

2ND FLOOR

1ST FLOOR

Elephants, with their intricate emotional landscapes and keen memories due to their large hippocampi, are at risk for psychological disorders like complex PTSD from human-elephant conflicts, including habitat threats, captivity, and tourism exploitation. The Kui people, historically skilled in caring for these gentle beings, often mitigate the trauma induced by such conflicts reconnecting them to nature and letting them roam expansive areas. Trans-species psychology provides a deeper insight into the traumas and recovery mechanisms of elephants, highlighting the importance of healing through agency, socialization, and meditation. The project borrows from ancient Hindu temples the symbolism and functionality of water into a sanctuary where elephants reconnect with themselves. Influenced by the Kui’s methods of utilizing expansive open spaces and clean water for re-balancing traumatized elephants, the pond’s design incorporates dynamic elements adaptable to seasonal rainfall, facilitating varied interactions. The setup includes a spiraling pathways for the elephants to meditate and exercise autonomy, elevated walkways for mahouts offering unique viewing angles, and interactive water features. Laterite stones and a combination of wooden and concrete structures provide sturdiness, ensuring a serene yet engaging environment for both elephants and mahouts.

Healing and Repose rehabilitation for trauma Instr.: Boornserm Premthada Year: Spring 2023 Studio: Advanced 6 Surin, Thailand

A | BACKGROUND | ELEPHANT-HUMAN CONFLICT AND THE KUI PEOPLE ELEPHANT’S HIGH LEVEL OF MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL CAPACITY

HUMAN-ELEPHANT CONFLICT AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS

KUI PEOPLE AND TRAUMATIZED ELEPHANT CARE

Elephants possess remarkable intelligence, demonstrated by their advanced problem-solving skills, deep social bonds, and profound emotional responses, including mourning and self-awareness.

The human-elephant conflict, resulting from habitat encroachment and domination, inflicts traumatic psychological stress on elephants, leading to altered and debilitating behaviors.

The Kui people of Thailand, with a deeprooted cultural history of mahoutship, utilize traditional knowledge and practices to rehabilitate and care for traumatized elephants.

B | OBJECTIVES | SPACES FOR HEALING AND REPOSE HEALING through:

REPOSE:

1. EXERCISING AGENCY - elephants in captivity lose their sense of

1. INDIVIDUAL - repose that demonstrates tranquil relation

2. SOCIALIZATION - (re-) learning to socialize with other animals, ele-

2. COLLECTIVE - repose and leisure amongst other living be-

agency and independence rapidly

phants or humans become essential 3. MEDITATION - all these activities promote a healthier sense of self

with inner world

ings that reflect healthy relationships

C | SITE ELEPHANT WORLD IN SURIN, THAILAND

The site chosen sits inside Elephant World, an elephan sanctuary in Surin, northwest Thailand, where rescued elephants find respite and the Kui population living in the environs can bring their elephants to enjoy the facilities. A pond that elephants come to bathe was chosen as the site for the rehabilitation facility.

Kui Village

Site

Elephant World temple Elephant World Main Buildings

Kui Village

D | APPROACH HINDU TEMPLES AND VALUE OF WATER

KUI AND EMOTIONAL SUPPORT

KUI ECONOMY POST-PANDEMIC

Ancient Hindu temples, which are present all over Southeast Asia, used water as an indispensable element for connection with their gods. This inspired this design as an inverted temple in which elephants can re-connect with their own selves.

The Kui people have a long-standing tradition of caring for elephants, especially guiding traumatized ones to healing in expansive natural settings like paddy fields.

The pandemic impacted the Kui economy, which previously relied heavily on tourism. In response, they pivoted to digital avenues, monetizing videos and live-streaming their elephants’ activities online.

E | DESIGN PROCESS WATER MOVEMENTS

WATER FEATU TREE CANOPY

DRY SEASON

Ponds for baby elephants

ELEPHANT CIRCULATION

INTERSEASONAL PERIOD

HUMAN CIRCULATION

WET SEASON

CIRCULATION

RAINY AND DRY SEASON

Elephants are able to decide how much they want to interact with Different conditions are created for the elephants depending on the water and find shaded or sunny places to linger. Humans can the amount of water collected in the circuit in each season. Smaller find better advantage points to observe and record their animals. ponds are formed for baby elephants to bathe alongside parents.

Elephants exh ence for clean water features underground strategically pl a canopy stru seamlessly ext est’s shade ove

URES & Y OVER LAKE

hibit a prefern water. Three s, supplied by reservoirs, are laced beneath ucture, which tends the forer the pond.

WATER FEATURES

EXTENDING TREE CANOPY

Waterfalls

Mist Brick Cascade Walls

F | FINAL DESIGN

ROOF PLAN

HUMAN WALKWAY

ELEPHANT LEVEL

LATERITE STONE

RED WOOD

PLACE FOR HEALING AND REPOSE Elephants healing from trauma find solace, exercising their autonomy and socializing with peers. The elevated walkway lets mahouts observe and capture online content featuring their elephants, while ensuring a respectful distance.

In exploring the history of displacement in Community District 9, a pattern emerges: African-American populations are continuously pushed to outer boroughs, a trend exacerbated by Columbia University’s involvement and Robert Moses’ Slum Clearance Plan. Presently, Columbia’s new campus in Manhattanville accelerates local gentrification, causing rent hikes, evictions, and distress for local residents of color. Given Columbia’s historical and present-day implications on this community, there’s a profound responsibility to address the socio-economic issues faced. To this end, an adult vocational campus is proposed. Located in urban voids and an underutilized lot owned by Columbia, the campus is envisioned as an open, vibrant space for both children and adults, offering training, childcare, and commercial opportunities. The design focuses on integrating learning spaces with urban life, and its playgrounds use abstract play equipment to foster imaginative play among children. Ultimately, the project seeks to intertwine reparation, autonomy, and play into a holistic architectural solution, acknowledging that this is but a single step in a broader, multifaceted journey.

Vocational campus & playground Instr.: Alessandro Orsini Year: Fall 2020 Studio: Core 1 New York City, NY

A | BACKGROUND | NYCHA & COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY: REPARATIVE URBAN STRATEGIES

URBAN RENEWAL & COLUMBIA

Manhattanville, not exempt from urban renewal transformations, saw the birth of the present NYCHA complexes, St. Nicholas and Grant Houses, as a direct result. Columbia University played a pivotal role, lobbying alongside Robert Moses, which led to the displacement of the longstanding communities of color in the area

REPARATION WITH SITE SELECTION

The site was selected given its inclusion in Columbia University’s new campus expansion, which has unfortunately spurred rising rents and living costs, leading to further displacements. This choice, in tandem with other reparative actions by Columbia University, is envisioned as a step towards remediation and community restitution

NYCHA POPULATION IN MANHATTANVILLE

In line with our reparative strategy, we’ve targeted the local NYCHA residents for this project, recognizing their disproportionately high unemployment rates and income levels below the NYC average. Despite the originally transient intent of the social housing system, many find it challenging to transition out. Hence, our project seeks to bolster their journey towards greater self-sufficiency and autonomy

B | FINAL DESIGN | ADULT VOCATIONAL CENTER & CHILDCARE

Rooftop Squares Playgrounds Child care

e Stre h t 25

9th

Str e

PUBLIC ROOFSCAPE

The currently vacant lot has been transformed into an elevated public space with green, accessible rooftops, beneath which lie the vocational center and childcare facilities, positioned just half a story below ground to retain street-level visibility through its windows

ADULT VOCATION TRAINING

The vocational center provides services and training for construction, janitorial, and entrepreneurial roles, complemented by storefronts available for community members to establish their businesses.

CHILDCARE & ACCESSIBILITY

The childcare is tailored for adults with children who cannot bear the costs of care, enabling them to seek jobs, undergo training, or attend work, addressing a critical need identified within the NYCHA community

IMPORTANCE OF PLAY FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS

In this project, we prioritize play as an integral aspect of both child and adult development. While essential for children’s growth, leisure and playful moments are equally crucial for adults, promoting holistic well-being and self-integration

RE-APP URBAN

We aimed restoring ensuring communi to moneti

PROPRIATION OF N VOIDS

d to reclaim urban voids, their societal purpose and they benefit the broader ity rather than succumbing ization

C | DESIGN FOCUS | NON-PRESCRIPTIVE PLAY STRUCTURE

NON-PRESCRIPTIVE PLAY & IMAGINATION

FACILITATED BUILDING SYSTEM

The design prioritizes a non-prescriptive play structure, fostering an environment where children use their imagination for entertainment, thereby nurturing their creative development

A modular building system was devised to streamline the construction and subsequent modifications of a climbing play structure

Historical segregation and persistent disinvestment have left the Bronx speckled with underused and vacant plots, a silent testament to a challenging past. Concurrently, New York City grapples with a significant housing shortfall, compelling many to endure inadequate living spaces and densely populated apartments ill-equipped for group habitation. Our project re-envisions this urban landscape by enhancing the Bronx Documentary Center’s role, leveraging these open spaces for active community engagement via art-driven endeavors. Alongside this, we propose a fresh residential approach: co-housing units complemented by diverse and expansive communal spaces. These spaces, varying in their public accessibility and ownership, not only add to NYC’s housing cache but also provide affordable, high-quality communal areas. Fostering deeper community bonds and addressing housing inadequacies were fundamental guides for the design.

Housing & Community Development Instr.: Benjamin Cadena Year: Fall 2022 Studio: Core 3 New York City, NY with Isaac Khouzam

A | BACKGROUND | BRONX & THE BDC POPULATION PROFILE The Bronx is home to a diverse population, with over half identified as people of color. Its median household income stands at $43,726 (as of 2021), considerably below NYC’s median of $70,663. Furthermore, 26.4% of residents in the Bronx live under the poverty line, a rate substantially higher than NYC’s average of 17%.

LACK OF OPEN SPACE The area surrounding the Bronx Documentary Center faces a notable deficit in accessible public open spaces, underscoring the urgent need to introduce quality recreational areas for the community

SERVING THE BOROUGH WITH ART The project seeks to amplify the community-centered ethos of the Bronx Documentary Center. By extending the BDC’s dedication to showcasing underrepresented voices, providing invaluable training and workshops, and deepening engagement with the local Bronx community, we envision spaces that both complements and elevates the Center’s existing goals

B | DESIGN METHOD PROCESSION FROM PUBLIC TO PRIVATE

PUBLIC OPEN AREAS (WHITE) & PRIVATE ZONES (BLUE) APARTMENT VARIETY

Residents embark on a carefully crafted procession that starts in the communal areas within the block. This journey then weaves through the collective courtyards, leading them along shared corridors and into communal residential spaces, culminating in the sanctuary of their private rooms. This sequence not only enhances connectivity but also nurtures a sense of community, balancing public engagement with private retreat

INNER COURTYARDS - FIRST LEVEL OF PRIV FIRST FLOOR OF CORNER APARTMENT

VACY

B | DESIGN METHOD GROUND FLOOR FACING OUTWARDS TO THE BRONX

NEW FORMAT OF COLLECTIVE LIVING

The block’s ground floor was redesigned to facilitate foot traffic and offer public leisure areas. These open spaces, combined with sections of the building’s ground level, now house art workshops and exhibition zones, enabling the BDC to broaden their range of activities

We aimed to introduce innovative collective living formats in our residences. Multiple households coexist, each with private rooms, while sharing expansive common spaces, resulting from the collective arrangement

PRIVATE COURTYARS , TERRACES & EXPANSIVE APARTMENTS SECOND FLOOR

C | FINAL DESIGN | GROUND FLOOR AND PUBLIC SPACE

The block’s ground floor has been crafte align with both the public’s aspirations a the BDC’s objectives. Within the building confines, spaces are tailored for art activ spanning from audiovisual productions music, performative arts, and photograp Simultaneously, the adjacent outdoor ar integrated with the building’s footprint, as dynamic venues for exhibitions, scree ings, and live performances. Beyond me spectacle, these outdoor spaces also faci community interactions and gatherings. gether, the indoor and outdoor spaces w rich cultural exchanges into the neighbo hood.

ed to and g vities to phy. reas , serve enere ilitate . Toweave or-

C | FINAL DESIGN | GROUND FLOOR AND PRIVATE SPACE

Lobby

Gathering Space

Commerces Museum

Theater Visual Arts Rooms

Music studios

Screening room

Ampitheater

BDC Exhibition area

The vibrancy from the public zones subtly permeates the residential entrances, guiding residents inward to serene inner courtyards. This progression gradually shifts from the communal outdoors to a sequence of more intimate shared spaces. The journey reaches its conclusion within the expansive collective areas of the apartments, ultimately giving way to the sanctuary of their private rooms.

Commerces

Nestled in the Lower East Side, this adaptive reuse project breathes new life into a public school, reflecting the neighborhood’s rich tapestry of immigrant histories that date back to the 1850s. From waves of German and Eastern European settlers to the prevalent Latin American and Asian communities today, the area has dynamically evolved, embracing diverse cultures. With this project, we zero in on the unique cross-cultural dynamics of these families and their progeny, aiding their integrative journey. Informed by meticulous research and material exploration, the design ethos revolves around fostering social bonds and solidarity - pillars crucial for nurturing place attachment, especially for individuals navigating cross-cultural terrains. The lower levels, accessible to the broader community post-school hours, play host to events and services, potentially kindling community solidarity. The floors above are sanctuaries for the school community, replete with versatile collective spaces offering both camaraderie and solitude. Marrying translucent and reflective materials, the design crafts spaces that oscillate between interaction and introspection, constantly dialoguing with the outside world. A luminous internal artery bisects the edifice, forging a link between 9th and 10th streets while bathing each classroom in natural light. Strategically positioned light wells perforate both wings, ushering in brightness and enabling varied spaces to share vertical visual connections. Functionally, the dual entrances facilitate modularity in space usage, depending on the ongoing activities. However, this duality seamlessly melds on the upper floors, presenting students with a unified academic haven.

cross-cultural School Instr.: Karla Rothstein Year: Spring 2021 Studio: Core 2 New York City, NY

Exhibited at the 13th international architecture biennale of São Paulo (2022)

Thiago Lee | 2023

| 37 |

A | BACKGROUND | EMPOWERING IMMIGRANT FAMILIES

B | APPROACH

LOWER EAST SIDE & FOREIGN-BORN PEOPLES

SPACES FOR EXTRO/INTROVERSION

Historically, the Lower East Side has been a nexus for successive waves of diverse foreign-born populations. Today, it is home to numerous Latin American and Asian families, but gentrification looms, potentially pushing them to outer boroughs. Immigrants grapple with distinctive challenges while acclimating to their new surroundings, and thoughtful architectural design can provide them with safer spaces where their distinct sociabilities and inner worlds can manifest and flourish.

Immigrants often contend with the cha troversion or introversion as they naviga design seeks to offer spaces that cater to different stages of adaptation find comfo

CONNECT

SOCIAL IN

CONNECTI WORK

SENSE O PLACE ATT

MAKING A

2019

2010 2000

SECLUSIO ENVIRON

% of Foreign-Born Population 0 - 20 % 20 - 40 % 40 - 60 % 60 - 80 %

STUDY

80 - 100 %

0.5 mile

EMPOWERING THE IMMIGRANT COMMUNITY

Immigrants grapple with the quest to find belonging in unfamiliar cities. Building robust connections within peer communities is pivotal to nurturing their identity and self-efficacy. By fostering spaces for learning, artistic expression, and events reflecting their cultural heritage, the project aims to bolster students’ and residents’ ties to their own culture and community, thereby reinforcing their sense of empowerment and self-worth.

SECLUSIO ENVIRONM

CONTEMP

allenges of adaptation, leading to varying degrees of exate their new environment. Recognizing this, the school’s o both socialization and seclusion, ensuring individuals at ort and a sense of belonging.

TION & MEMORIES

CONNECTION & MEMORIES

NTERACTION

PLAY

EATING TOGETHER

ION & MEMORIES

CONNECTION & MEMORIES

WORKSHOP

STUDY

OF OWNERSHIP & TACHMENT

SENSE OF OWNERSHIP & PLACE ATTACHMENT

AND CRAFTING

GARDENING

CONNECTION TO THE STREET

ON & AGENCY OVER NMENT

SECLUSION & AGENCY OVER ENVIRONMENT

GUARDED INTERACTION

GUARDED PLAY

ON & AGENCY OVER MENT

SECLUSION & AGENCY OVER ENVIRONMENT

PLATION

CONTEMPLATION

B | APPROACH CONCEPTUAL MATERIAL EXPLORATION

In an innovative approach to this project, we began by delving deeply into the properties of a singular material. By examining its physical attributes and inherent conceptual qualities, we were able to discern its potential applications and implications. This exploration not only informed our

design decisions but also seamlessly integrated the extensive background research previously undertaken, ensuring our project’s foundation was both material-specific and contextually grounded.

CONNECTIVITY The form-finding process emphasized connectivity between the interior and exterior, examining the nuances of exposure between the two. By linking the building to its urban context, it stands as an open meeting ground, serving both the immediate neighborhood and the broader city. Acting as a conduit, the design bridges two streets, enhancing urban connectivity. The ground floor’s adaptability ensures it can cater to both city and school needs.

PHENOMENOLOGICAL EXPERIENCES The architectural bridges overhead and the varying publicness of the succession of inner spaces curate diverse phenomenological experiences, immersing users in interplays between indoor and outdoor realms. Such design intricacies mirror our target population’s intrinsic relationship with the city.

GLASS & SPATIAL QUALITIES A variety of glass types was employed — translucent, textured, and transparent — to meticulously craft spaces that oscillate between seclusion and connection, and that navigate between interiority and exteriority. These glass elements also play a pivotal role in the illumination strategy. By incorporating light wells, we ensure that even the deepest interior spaces receive ample daylight, enhancing both the ambiance and energy efficiency of the structure.

SPACES FOR EXTRO/INTROVERSION Throughout the project, spaces are deliberately designed to cater to the diverse personalities of students, ensuring both secluded areas for introspection and more open areas for connection. By offering a gradient of spaces that cater to varying degrees of introversion and extroversion, we’ve ensured that every student finds a space that aligns with their comfort level and needs, promoting inclusivity and understanding of individual nuances.

D | FINAL DESIGN

10th St.

Admin. Multifunctional gymnasium

Lobby

Café Library 9th St.

The project delved into the objectives of New York’s Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act, which commits the state to a carbon-neutral energy system by 2040 and emphasizes the equitable distribution of benefits, particularly to disadvantaged communities. The proposal addresses the ongoing energy transition in NYS, offering support to those communities disproportionately affected. The focal point is the Empire Generating Co. combined-cycle natural gas power plant located south of Albany and Rensselaer. With its impending decommissioning, the power plant represents an opportunity for adaptive reuse aligned with energy transition goals. Its proximity to vulnerable communities, the river, Port of Albany, and SUNY Albany highlights its potential as a pivotal element for transformative interventions. There’s also an emphasis on augmenting waterfront accessibility for Albany and Rensselaer, crafting robust pedestrian and cyclist connections across the river. The design envisions educational avenues that not only enlighten residents about the energy transition but also cultivate a sense of ownership, facilitating a smoother changeover. Spaces are carved for policymakers, government officials, and other significant stakeholders to explore the vast benefits of clean energy, engage in open dialogues, and foster meaningful interactions with various parties. Central to the design is the Energy Museum, both indoor and outdoor, spotlighting feasible interventions at individual and state levels to sculpt an efficient, carbon-neutral energy future.

Energy Futures Educational Complex Instr.: Pedro Rivera & Ubaldo Escalante Year: Spring 2022 Studio: Advanced 4 New York City, NY with Alan cai

A | BACKGROUND | A JUST ENERGY TRANSITION IN NEW YORK STATE

ENERGY TRANSITION & VULNERABILITY

In response to the CLCPA’s ambitious goal for New York State to achieve zero-carbon electricity by 2040, we recognized that numerous fossil fuel facilities would face decommissioning. To strategically address this shift, we formulated a vulnerability index. By juxtaposing this index with current fuel energy production data, we precisely identified which urban areas are pivotal. This informed approach allowed us to site our project, envisioning a sustainable transition for future energy landscapes.

JUST ENERGY TRANSITION

For a truly equitable energy transition, it is crucial may not readily reap its benefits. With anticipate infrastructure due to price hikes, these communit the Empire Generating Co. coal power plant, situa site. This location will not only offer support for th portunity to re-imagine river margins, transformin

l to safeguard the most vulnerable populations who ed job losses and potential inaccessibility to future ties face significant challenges. We have pinpointed ated between Albany and Rensselaer, as an optimal he population of both cities but also presents an opng them into reclaimed public spaces for all to enjoy.

B | OBJECTIVES SUPPORT FOR AN EQUITABLE TRANSITION

Our design aims to facilitate communities’ adaptation to the energy transition, ensuring skill development, access to public services, and a platform to voice concerns to decision-makers and NGOs.

UNITING COMMUNITY, DECISION-MAKERS AND THIRD SECTOR

We envisioned a unified space where individuals from the public administration, third sector, and community converge, fostering serendipitous interactions and collaboration. This convergence promotes advancements in sustainable energy while empowering citizens to take charge of their energy choices. RECLAMATION OF OPEN SPACES FOR CITIZENS

Our aspiration was to set a precedent for the reclamation of the riverfront. Rather than allowing industries to monopolize these vital spaces, the river margins should prioritize and grant access to residents, fostering community connections to this natural asset.

C | DESIGN APPROACH RE-USE OF EXISTING STRUCTURE

We purposefully retained the existing power plant structure, not only as a carbon-saving measure but also as a tangible testament to the history of energy production. This adaptive reuse not only conserves resources but anchors the site in its past, serving as a poignant reminder of our technological evolution. DEMOCRATIC ACCESS TO EVERY SPACE

We aimed to maximize site accessibility for all users, empowering them to engage fully with the space and ensuring that everyone can benefit from its offerings.

PROGRAMMATIC SELECTION TO ADVANCE TRANSITION

We sought to catalyze collaboration among energy transition stakeholders by integrating different spaces and thereby promoting more interaction in the area, fostering a dynamic environment for cross-pollination of ideas.

D | DESIGN METHOD

UNITED FRO

We design nity, third s ing enhan cross-pollin standing

ONT FOR THE TRANSITION

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY OPEN-AIR MUSEUM

RECLAMATION OF RIVER MARGIN

ned a cohesive space uniting commusector, and public sector users, fosternced collaboration and encouraging nation of ideas and mutual under-

We established an open-air museum showcasing renewable energy alternatives, serving both as an educational hub for visitors and a research foundation for exploring new sustainable possibilities

We revitalized riverfront access, allowing citizens to embrace this valuable resource and recognize its potential for enhancing their quality of life and sustainable energy choices.

E | FINAL DESIGN

Pumped water energy storage

Biomass energy crops

Solar panels

Algae pond for biomass energy

8'-0" 10" 3'-2"

Drawing done for a package of construction drawings for our Core 2 projects.

Studies on Construction Details Instr.: Berardo Matalucci Year: Fall 2021 Course: Arch. Technology 3 & 4 New York City, NY columbia Gsapp INSTALLED VIEW

DOUBLE-GLAZED IGU (TYP.) FINISHED FLOOR

12" GLULAM COLUMN

2" CONCRETE TOPPING

VERTICAL MULLION

1" ACOUSTICAL MAT

TERRACOTTA RAINSCREEN

5-PLY CLT FLOOR

TERRACOTTA FIN

8 3/4" x 18" GLULAM BEAM

SLATTED WOOD SCREEN ONE (1) LAYER 5/8" GYP. BRD. 3-PLY CLT WALL PANEL TWO (2) LAYERS 5/8" GYP. BRD. MINERAL WOOL 1 1/4" AIR GAP

3'-11"

TERRACOTTA RAINSCREEN

BACKER ROD AND SEALANT CLT L-BRACKET VERTICAL Z-GIRT

1 '-

HORIZONTAL HAT CHANNEL PRE-FASTENED METAL TABS TERRACOTTA RAINSCREEN DASHED

CUTAWAY VIEW

3-PLY 4 1/8" THICK CLT WALL PANEL

12" WOOD BASE

1" SILICON JOINT

2" CONCRETE TOPPING

APPROX. 1" ACOUSTIC MAT PRODUCT APPROX. 1" ACOUSTIC MAT PRODUCT

LAPPED AVB

PRE-FASTENED METAL TABS

TOP OF CLT SLAB

1/2" STEEL INSERT W/ WELDED DEAD 1/2" STEEL INSERT W/ WELDED DEAD LOAD PLATE AND TOP PLATE COVER LOAD PLATE AND TOP PLATE COVER

FINISHED FLOOR

12" x 12" GLULAM COLUMN

ONE (1) LAYER 5/8" GYP. BRD.

2x8 WOOD STUD - NAILED TO EACH CLT PANEL

3-PLY 4 1/8" CLT WALL PANEL

TWO (2) LAYERS 5/8" GYP. BRD. TWO (2) LAYERS 5/8" GYP. BRD.

5/8"

5-PLY 6 7/8" THICK CLT FLOOR PANEL 5-PLY 6 7/8" THICK CLT FLOOR PANEL

5/8"

2" CONCRETE TOPPING

3-PLY 4 1/8" THICK CLT WALL PANEL

FINISHED FLOOR

5/8"

FINISHED FLOOR

5/8"

12" x 12" GLULAM COLUMN

4 1/8"

12" x 12" GLULAM COLUMN

COLUMN SPLINE (REFER TO STRUCT. DETAILS) COLUMN SPLINE (REFER TO STRUCT. DETAILS)

1' - 2 1/8"

Master of Architecture & Master of Science in Urban Planning | Columbia GSAPP

BACKER ROD AND SEALANT

WALL TO FLOOR L-BRACKET

TWO (2) LAYERS 5/8" GYP. BRD. TWO (2) LAYERS 5/8" GYP. BRD.

MECHANICAL ZONE

12" x 12" GLULAM COLUMN

SLATTED WOOD MECHANICAL SCREEN SLATTED WOOD MECHANICAL SCREEN (2x6s W/ BIRCH VENEER) (2x6s W/ BIRCH VENEER)

AIR VAPOUR BARRIER (AVB)

PRE-FASTENED METAL TABS

INSUL. PANEL BRACKETS

VERTICAL Z-GIRT

4" MINERAL WOOL (TYP.)

AIR VAPOUR BARRIER (AVB)

1 1/4" AIR GAP

4" VERTICAL Z-GIRT

1'-3" TERRA. RAINSCREEN

1'-6" TERRA. FIN

HORIZONTAL HAT CHANNEL

3-PLY 4 1/8" THICK CLT WALL PANEL

TYPICAL SOLID PANEL TYPICAL DETAIL SOLID- PANEL SECTION DETAIL - SECTION SCALE: 1 1/2" = 1'-0"

SCALE: 1 1/2" = 1'-0"

5/8"

1' - 3"

5/8" 4"

8 3/4" X 18" GLULAM BEAM

3 3/4"

8 3/4" X 18" GLULAM BEAM

1 1/4"

SCREWS REGULARLY SPACED @SCREWS 48" O.C.REGULARLY SPACED @ 48" O.C.

4" MINERAL WOOL (TYP.)

1 1/4" AIR GAP

AIR VAPOUR BARRIER (AVB)

1'-3" TERRA. RAINSCREEN

HORIZONTAL HAT CHANNEL

1/2" STEEL PLATE INSERT

PLASTIC SHIM W/ SILICON (BOTH SIDES)

INTERNAL TERRA. CAVITY

1'-6" TERRA. FIN

ORIENTATION VARIES

TYPICAL SOLID PANEL TYPICAL DETAIL SOLID- PANEL PLAN DETAIL - PLA SCALE: 1 1/2" = 1'-0"

SCALE: 1 1/2" = 1

TERRACE GUARDRAIL ENGINEERED SOIL W/ PLANTING CONCRETE PAVERS

FILTER FABRIC

BEDDING SAND RESERVOIR LAYER

BACKER ROD AND SEALANT MOISTURE RETENTION LAYER

3" MINERAL WOOL (TYP.) AERATION LAYER

STONE COPING CAP DRAINGE LAYER ROOT BARRIER

DRAIN AND GUTTER DOUBLE-GLAZED IGU (TYP.) 4" POLYISOCARBONATE WINDOW SILL RECEPTOR FRAME 5-PLY 6 7/8" THICK CLT FLOOR PANEL

APPROX. 1" ACOUSTIC MAT PRODUCT 2" CONCRETE TOPPING

MEMBRANE PROTECTION GREEN ROOF MEMBRANE

METAL FLASHING

12" x 12" GLULAM COLUMN

TWO (2) LAYERS 3" FOILFACED POLYISOCYANURATE STAGGER JOINTS

FINISHED FLOORING

3" HORIZONTAL Z-GIRT

8 3/4" GLULAM BEAM

VERTICAL MULLION BEYOND (TYP.)

PLUMBING ZONE (DRILL HOLES IN GLULAM BEAMS AS REQUIRED)

2" GYPCRETE TOPPING APPROX. 1" ACOUSTIC MAT PRODUCT 5-PLY 6 7/8" THICK CLT FLOOR SLABS

AIR VAPOUR BARRIER (AVB) 3-PLY 4 1/8" CLT WALL PANEL WALL TO FLOOR L-BRACKET 3" MINERAL WOOL (TYP.) INTEGRAL SLAB EDGE COVER PAINTED ALUMINUM, DARK GREY METLAL FLASHING (TYP.) BACKER ROD AND SEALANT

AIR VAPOUR BARRIER (AVB) MIN. 2" CONCRETE TOPPING AT LEAST 2% GRADE APPROX. 1" ACOUSTIC MAT PRODUCT

5-PLY 6 7/8" THICK CLT FLOOR SLABS

WINDOW HEAD RECEPTOR FRAME FOR WINDOW WALL ASSEMBLY BELOW DOUBLE-GLAZED IGU (TYP.) MOTORIZED SOL-R SHADE BY DFB

8 3/4" GLULAM BEAM MECHANICAL ZONE

8 3/4" GLULAM BEAM 12" x 12" GLULAM COLUMN

SLATTED WOOD MECHANICAL SCREEN (2x6s W/ BIRCH VENEER)

HORIZ. TRANSOM MULLION @ WOOD SCREEN

DOUBLE-GLAZED IGU (TYP.) SLATTED WOOD MECHANICAL SCREEN (2x6s W/ BIRCH VENEER) MECHANICAL ZONE 12" x 12" GLULAM COLUMN

TYPICAL ROOF TERRACE DETAIL

TYPICAL FLOOR TO FLOOR DETAIL

SCALE: 1 1/2" = 1'-0"

| Thiago Lee |

A J S

S A S

WINDOW SILL RECEPTOR FRAME FOR WINDOW WALL ASSEMBLY ABOVE

INSULATION EDGE COVER PAINTED ALUMINUM, DARK GREY

TOP OF CLT SLAB

5-PLY 6 7/8" THICK CLT FLOOR PANEL

FINISHED FLOOR

12" x 12" GLULAM COLUMN

E A G

TOP OF CLT SLAB

METAL FLASHING

HORIZONTAL HAT CHANNEL (TOP)

BACKER ROD AND SEALANT

ONE (1) LAYER 5/8" GYP. BRD. VERTICAL MULLION (TYP.) 3-PLY 4 1/8" CLT WALL PANEL SILICON EXPANSION JOINT TWO (2) LAYERS 5/8" GYP. BRD.

VERTICAL MULLION (TYP.) SILICON EXPANSION JOINT

5-PLY 6 7/8" THICK CLT FLOOR PANEL

DOUBLE-GLAZED IGU (TYP.)

SLAB EDGE COVER BELOW

CUSTOM SNAP COVER

WALL TO FLOOR L-BRACKET

TWO (2) LAYERS 5/8" GYP. BRD.

AIR VAPOUR BARRIER (AVB)

INSUL. PANEL BRACKETS

HORIZONTAL HAT CHANNEL

4" MINERAL WOOL (TYP.)

PLASTIC SHIM W/ SILICON (BOTH SIDES)

1' - 2 1/8"

APPROX. 1" ACOUSTIC MAT PRODUCT

WINDOW SILL RECEPTOR FRAME FOR WINDOW WALL ASSEMBLY ABOVE

M C B FINISHED FLOOR

ONE (1) LAYER 5/8" GYP. BRD. 3-PLY 4 1/8" CLT WALL PANEL

TWO (2) LAYERS 5/8" GYP. BRD.

5/8"

APPROX. 1" ACOUSTIC MAT PRODUCT

GENERIC WALL BYPASS FRAME W/ VERTICAL MULLIONS THAT EXTEND DOWN PAST SLAB EDGE

D T B K S A

4 1/8"

2" CONCRETE TOPPING

DOUBLE-GLAZED IGU (TYP.)

GENERIC WALL BYPASS FRAME W/ VERTICAL MULLIONS THAT EXTEND DOWN PAST SLAB EDGE

5/8"

2" CONCRETE TOPPING

DOUBLE-GLAZED IGU (TYP.)

1' - 2 1/8"

FINISHED FLOOR

5/8"

FINISHED FLOOR

4 1/8"

12" x 12 GLULAM COLUMN ALUM. ANGLE @ SLAB EDGE

5/8"

12" x 12 GLULAM COLUMN ALUM. ANGLE @ SLAB EDGE

MECHANICAL ZONE

12" x 12" GLULAM COLUMN

SLATTED WOOD MECHANICAL SCREEN SLATTED WOOD MECHANICAL SCREEN (2x6s W/ BIRCH VENEER) (2x6s W/ BIRCH VENEER)

1" AIR GAP

1'-3" TERRA. RAINSCREEN

1'-6" TERRA. FIN

RAINSCREEN BRACKET (TOP AND BOT.)

3-PLY 4 1/8" THICK CLT WALL PANEL

VERTICAL Z-GIRT W/ 4" MINERAL WOOL

1 1/4" AIR GAP

PLASTIC SHIM W/ SILICON1'-3" TERRA. RAINSCREEN (BOTH SIDES) 1/2" STEEL INSERT

1' - 3"

5/8" 4"

1 1/4"

3 3/4"

VERTICAL Z-GIRT W/ 4" MINERAL WOOL

HORIZONTAL HAT CHANNEL1 1/4" AIR GAP

1'-3" TERRA. RAINSCREEN

1/2" STEEL INSERT

TYPICAL INTERFACE TYPICAL DETAIL - INTERFACE SECTION DETAIL - SECTION SCALE: 1 1/2" = 1'-0"

3 3/4"

8 3/4" X 18" GLULAM BEAM

1' - 3"

5/8" 4"

8 3/4" X 18" GLULAM BEAM

1 1/4"

SCREWS REGULARLY SPACED @ 48" O.C.SCREWS REGULARLY SPACED @ 48" O.C.

SCALE: 1 1/2" = 1'-0"

INTERNAL TERRA. CAVITY

1'-6" TERRA. FIN

ORIENTATION VARIES

TYPICAL INTERFACE TYPICAL DETAIL - INTERFACE PLAN DETAIL - PLAN SCALE: 1 1/2" = 1'-0"

SCALE: 1 1/2" = 1'-0"

ABKST

Pro

1' - 3"

4 3/4"

1 1/4"

5/8"

3 3/4"

4 1/8"

5/8"

3 1/2"

5/8"

3 1/2" 5/8"

Arc h it e c t Joe Hand SHoP Architects

S t ru c t u ra l Co n s u lt a n t Amy Harrington Silman

Ar c h i t e c Joe Han SHoP Ar

M e c h a n ic a l C o n s u l t a n t Chris Ashton Buro Happold

St ru c t u r Amy Har Silman

E n c lo su re Co n s u lt a n t Aaron Davis GSAPP

Me c h an i Chris As Buro Ha

VERTICAL Z-GIRT TERRACOTTA RAINSCREEN HORIZONTAL HAT CHANNEL

De s ign e rs Thiago Lee Blake Kem Khadija Tarver Stephen Zimmerer Aaron Smolar

4" MINERAL WOOL

3 5/8" LIGHT GAUGE METAL STUDS

AIR VAPOUR BARRIER (AVB)

ONE (1) LAYER 5/8" GYP. BRD.

TWO (2) LAYERS 5/8" GYP. BRD.

3 1/2" MINERAL WOOL

De s i g n e Thiago L Blake Ke Khadija T Stephen Aaron S

4 1/8" 3-PLY CLT WAL PANEL ONE (1) LAYER 5/8" GYP. BRD.

DETAIL - EXT. WALL - 2 HOUR (C1) SCALE: 1 1/2" = 1'-0" NO.

DATE -- OCT 2021

SD SUBMISSION

-- DEC 2021

DD SUBMISSION

-- DEC 2021

CD SUBMISSION7/8"

1' - 4 1/8" 5/8" 4"

EXTERIOR

SCALE: 1 1/2" = 1'-0"

1' - 3 1/4" 5/8"

5/8" 10"

INTERIOR

GSAPP Floor, Ceiling, and Roof Types

DETAIL - RATED WALL - 2 HOUR (A1) SCALE: 1 1/2" = 1'-0"

EXISTING

1' - 1 3/4" 7/8"

5/8"

5/8" 4"

INTERIOR

EXTERIOR

1' - 0 7/8" 5/8"

5/8" 7 5/8"

INTERIOR

EXISTING

5/8" 7 5/8"

INTERIOR

STANDING SEAM METAL SIDING

EXISTING BUILDING

STANDING SEAM METAL SIDING

EXISTING BUILDING

HORIZONTAL HAT CHANNEL

4" AIR GAP

HORIZONTAL HAT CHANNEL

4" AIR GAP

4" MINERAL WOOL

AIR VAPOUR BARRIER (AVB)

TWO (2) LAYERS 5/8" GYP. BRD.

10" REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALL

PARTIAL GROUTED 8" CMU BLOCK

NO.

21001

Project number

Dec. 17, 2021 1/2" = 1'-0"

DETAIL - SHEAR WALL - 4 HOUR (C5)

A140

12/17/2021 2:13:59 AM

Scale

DETAIL - RATED WALL - 1 HOUR (A2)

REVISION

Date

E n c lo su Aaron D GSAPP

SCALE: 1 1/2" = 1'-0"

DETAIL - SHEAR WALL - 4 HOUR (C4) SCALE: 1 1/2" = 1'-0"

DETAIL - EXT. WALL - 2 HOUR (C3) SCALE: 1 1/2" = 1'-0"

DETAIL - EXT. WALL - 2 HOUR (C2) SCALE: 1 1/2" = 1'-0"

Project nu Date Scale

1 Proposing an ideal workspace, exploring lights and transparencies to depict the atmosphere. 2 Inquiry of my personal desk and the objects on it, scaling them to highlight the ones less used.

The drawings produced on this course continued to challenge us to think of how representation can effectively convey more information when properly explored. On the latter half of the semester we also explored the use of Grasshopper to produce diagrams and infographics.

Studies on Visualization Instr.: Dan TaeYoung Year: Spring 2021 Course: Arch. Dwg. & Representation 2 With Peter Walhout

Master of Architecture & Master of Science in Urban Planning | Columbia GSAPP

Frames of animation depicting the decrease in energy use and the increase of the financial burden laid upon residences during the lockdown measures of March-April 2020 in Manhattan, NYC.

| Thiago Lee |

Comparison chart of different energy storage technologies currently in the market.

Iterations when measuring % of visible sky

Iterations when measuring views of adjacent parks

Using the plug-in Scout in Grasshopper, I analyzed the influence of daylight hours in winter and in summer, sky visibility from the ground, building views, and park visibility from building facades in order to determine the best scenarios for optimized accesibility of residents to open areas.

Guidelines for More Open Space Accessibility Instr.: Snoweria Zhang & Luc Wilson Year: Spring 2022 Course: X-Information Modeling New York City, NY

Iterations when measuring sun in summer and residences’ views of adjacent parks

Iterations when measuring sun in winter and residences’ views of adjacent parks

Iterations when measuring % of visible sky

Iterations when measuring views of adjacent parks

Guidelines for More Open Space Accessibility Instr.: Snoweria Zhang & Luc Wilson Year: Spring 2022 Course: X-Information Modeling New York City, NY

Iterations when measuring sun in summer and residences’ views of adjacent parks

Iterations when measuring sun in winter and residences’ views of adjacent parks

Phase One County Selection How do life threatening impacts of opioid use differentiate across New Jersey Counties? Opioid-Related Deaths (2017)

Life Threatening Impacts of Life Threatening Opioid Use Index Impact of Opioid Low Impact Use Index (2017) Counties

Opioid-Related Hospitilizations (2017) Opioid-Related Hospitlizations (2017)

Opioid-Related Deaths (2017)

Score = 3

Score = 2

Number of Deaths

Number of Hospitilizations

9.3 - 10.0

High Impact Counties

183.4 - 449 53.6 - 183.4

10.0 - 15.1

183.4 - 449

Index Score

543.9 449 - 543.9- 931.8

449 - 543.9

25.1 - 34.8

15.1 - 25. 1

25.134.8 - 34.8- 47.6

543.9 - 931.8

931.8 - 1400

Score = 9

2-3

6-7

2-3

Score = 9

8-9

6-7 50 Miles

50 Miles

Score = 9

8-9

. To select our case study counties, we first had to construct an index of variables that when summed, would give us a clear picture of which counties in New Jersey were experiencing the highest rates of life threatening impacts of opioid use as well as those experiencing the lowest rates. The two criteria we chose to explore were hospitalizations due to opiod use (normalized per 100,000 people), and deaths due to opiod use (also normalized per 100,000 people). Each criterion was reclassified on a scale of 1 (least impacted) to 5 (most impacted). Following this, both criterion were summed into an index that would tell us how each county in New Jersey was impacted in regards to life threatening impacts of opioid use. While the lowest scored (Bergen) and median scored (Camden) counties were clear based on their ranks, we were presented with three counties that scored equally: Cape May, Cumberland and Gloucester. Gloucester was chosen because it had a lower rate of facilities per population.

Cumberland

4-5

Gloucester

4-5

931.8 - 1400

34.8 - 47.6

Morris

*reference maps not to scale

9.3 - 10.0

15.1 - 25. 1

Bergen

Score = 4

53.6 - 183.4

10.0 - 15.1

Somerset

Cape May

*reference maps not to scale

50 Miles

Score

+ Opioid-Related Hospitilizations

Opioid-Related Deaths 1

2-3

4-5 6-7 8-9

Phase One County Selection How do life threatening impacts of opioid use differentiate across New Jersey Counties? Low Impact Counties

High Impact Counties

Median Impact Counties

Bergen County

Camden County

Gloucester County

N N

5 Miles

Index Score MAT Facility

2-3 4-5 6-7 8-9

Phase Two

Where are Medically Assisted Treatment Facilities Located? Mapping MAT Facilities

Bergen County

Camden County

Gloucester County

5 Miles 12

5 Miles

*reference maps not to scale

To assess accessibility of MAT facilities in New Jersey, we started by narrowing our gaze over more vulnerable counties through a ranked model

5 Miles 13

Master of Architecture & Master of Science in Urban Planning | Columbia GSAPP

Methodology

Our scope is limited to the state of New Jersey and the year 2017. Additionally, we are concerned only with opioid use rather than greater drug use.

3 The index used to score counties with the highest and lowest rates of life altering

impacts of opioid use is unweighted-- we weighed both deaths and hospitalizations with equal importance.

4 The distance of our accessibility buffers are supported by a wide body of literature

showing that as distance away from facilities increases, effectiveness of treatment subsequently decreases. The specific range of 1 and 4-mile buffers, however, are substantiated by the findings of only one study

5 Lastly, although supported by our literature review, we only used Medically Assisted

Treatment facilities in considering available treatment options. This neglects a wider breadth of treatment options available.

6 It is possible that we experienced double counting in our use of hospitalization and overdose data.

Drivable Service Spatial Distribution

The second direction of accessibility, as defined by our methodology, focuses on the spatial manifestation of MAT facilities and the areas they serve. We will measure this by creating service areas around each facility that capture populations within a 0 to 1-mile driving distance and a 1 to 4-mile driving distance. We will continue by analysing demographic indicators within each service area and aggregate this through a proportional split. By comparing demographic indicators within our service areas as well as within the counties as a whole, we will demonstrate which target populations have high access and low access to the facilities. Following the acquisition and dataset cleaning process, phase one of our project focuses on establishing which counties in NJ were most and least affected by life altering impacts of opioid use. To establish which counties were most affected, we examine two criteria across NJ’s counties: hospitalizations due to opiod use and deaths due to opiod use, normalized per 100,000 people. Once we determined two counties with the highest and lowest impacts according to these criteria, we reclassified these rankings on a scale of 1-5-- aggregating them to create an index score. Based on our final index score which ranged from 2-9, we selected our three counties: Bergen (least impacted), Camden (median impact), and Gloucester (highest impact). We then proceeded with our analysis.

Accessibility as bi-directional

f ro m

Drivable Service 2

to a

study; for example, arrests, permanent health damage, losing guardianship of dependents, lost wages, etc. All are valid in contributing to life altering impacts. These were not considered however.

y ilit ac

ty cili fa

1 There are other life altering impacts caused by opioid use outside those utilized in our

This study defines accessibility to MAT facilities as having two directions, or rather, as being bi-directional. The first direction of our methodology will look at the availability of MAT facilities in each county, comparing this to other indicators. This will be informed by calculating the ratio between the number of facilities to each indicator within each county.

Assumptions and Limitations

In phase 2 we looked at five demographic characteristics of the population in each of the three counties: its total population, the non-white population, population of adults holding a Bachelor’s degree, population below the poverty line, and the unemployed population. A ratio between the number of facilities and each of these parameters was calculated to enable an analysis of the availability of facilities for populations showing vulnerability. In phase 3, we established service areas of 1-mile and 4-miles based on driving, around each of our selected counties’ available MAT facilities. Those within 1-mile driving distance to a facility were considered to have “excellent” accessibility to treatment, those within 1-4 miles were deemed to have “fair” accessibility to treatment and those more than 4 miles from a facility were deemed to have “poor” accessibility to treatment. Within each service area, using the proportional split method, we analyzed demographic indicators that were used in the previous phase to enable an analysis of the population that has adequate access to treatment facilities.

Phase Two Where are Medically Assisted Treatment Facilities Located? Mapping MAT Facilities Bergen County

Facilities per Opioid-Related Deaths

Facilities per Total Population

Per 100,000 People

Gloucester

0.07 0.04

Camden

Gloucester

73.7

Camden

57.4

5 Miles

Bergen

0.06

Bergen

-4 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 (x10 )

Camden County

Facilities per Persons in Poverty

100

200

300

400

500

-4 600 (x10 )

Facilities per Area (Acres)

Per 100,000 People

Gloucester

2.2

Gloucester

598.8 0

0.9

5 Miles

1.2

Camden Bergen

Gloucester County

Bergen

6.1 0

1.4

Camden

(x10-4)

3.9 0

-5

4 (x10 )

Index Score 2-3 4-5 6-7

8-9 N

5 Miles

To compare county wide access to MAT facilities, and more specifically, to understand if the number of facilities in a given county was adequate provided that county’s specific sociodemographic context, ratios of facilities to various county-specific metrics were examined. These ratios include: facilities to persons in poverty (per 100k people), facilities to total county acreage, facilities to number of overdoses (per 100k people), and facilities to total county population. As is discussed in our conclusions, Bergen over-performs in most categories in regards to its apparent accessibility of facilities to the county population. 15

In the most representative counties, we sought to locate the MAT facilities and compare their concentration with the population characteristics to understand if their distribution thtough the state. was appropriate

| Thiago Lee |

Phase Three Demographic Analysis Who are these facilities accessible to?

Unemployment Rate (%) Bergen 1-Mile Service Area 4.7 Bergen 4- Mile Service Area 5.0 Bergen County 3.4

Camden 1-Mi. SA 13.3 Camden 4-Mile Service Area 9.7 Camden County 5.2 Gloucester 1-Mile Service Area 6.6 Gloucester 4-Mile Service Area 8.3

5 Miles

Unemployment Rate (%) 2.9 - 4 4 - 8

8 - 12

Gloucester County 5 All of NJ 4.6 12 6 9

% Unemployment Rate

12 - 16 16 - 27

% Poverty Rate

Poverty Rate (%) Bergen 1-Mile Service Area 10.1 Bergen 4-Mile Service Area 7.6 Bergen County 9.8 Camden 1-Mi SA 34.

5 Miles

0.5 - 6 6 - 12

5 Miles

Poverty Rate (%)

Camden 4-Mile SA 23.7 Camden County 16.3 Gloucester 1-Mile Service Area 7.8 Gloucester 4-Mile Service Area 9.9 Gloucester County 9 All of NJ 10.7 10 15 20 25 30 35

5 Miles

MAT Facility 1-Mile Service Area 4-Mile Service Area

12 - 18 18 - 24 24 - 60

Phase Three Demographic Analysis Who are these facilities accessible to?

Received Bachelors Degree (%) Bergen 1-Mile SA 23.7 Bergen 4-Mile SA 27.7 Bergen County 29.8 Camden 1-Mile Service Area 9.2 Camden 4-Mile Service Area 15.4 Camden County 19.7 Gloucester 1-Mile Service Area 21.2 N

Gloucester 4-Mile Service Area 20.8 Gloucester County 20.6 All of NJ 23.4

5 Miles

Received Bachelors Degree Rate (%)

% Bachelors Degrees % Non-White

7.6 - 10 10 - 20 20 - 30 30 - 40 40 - 50

Non-White (%) Bergen 1-Mile Service Area 58.5 Bergen 4-Mile Service Area 45.4 Bergen County 29 Camden 1-Mile SA 82 Camden 4-Mile Service Area 56.7 Camden County 37

5 Miles

Non-White (%)

18 3.8 - 20 20 - 40 40 - 60 60 - 80 80 - 100

Gloucester 1-Mile Service Area 24.3 Gloucester 4-Mile Service Area 23.9 Gloucester County 18 All of NJ 32

5 Miles

100

MAT Facility 1-Mile Service Area 4-Mile Service Area

Lastly, we conducted network analysis with the facilities’ service areas and analyzed compared the population profile in them.

From studying different methods of engaging communities in participatory processes, we designed a board game to facilitate the design of an open space in an urban environment. The game is targeted at educating lay citizens in the challenges of designing a public space that incorporates conflicting interests, giving them a first introduction to the frictions and negotiations demanded by a public project. Ultimately this tool serves to give the targeted community more knowledge and empower them when participating in public engagement processes, eventually reducing the power gap between professionals and laypeople.

Board Game for Participatory Design Instr.: Dare Brawley Year: Fall 2022 Course: Drawing to Gather New York City, NY With Candice Ji and Margaret Hanson

1 Exploded Axonometric 2 Section Perspective

These products were a result of a semester-long investigation of a row house project in Vietnam by Nishizawa Architects, based on a phenomenological approach to the distinct spaces created throughout the building. Drawings alongside a multi-sensorial immersive model and a video were the outcomes, attempting to demonstrate the experience and journey that the project offers.

Studies on the Thong House Instr.: Zachary White Year: Fall 2020 Course: Arch. Dwg. & Representation 1 Ho Chi Min, Vietnam

Master of Architecture & Master of Science in Urban Planning | Columbia GSAPP

| Thiago Lee |

3 Multi-sensory immersive model. Accessible here. 4 Animation accessible here.

The Grey-to-Green Energy Transition studio is challenged to identify strategies and opportunities related to the eventual closure of peaker power plants in New York City, specifically balancing community priorities with future energy-related demands. Through our preliminary research, we found that there are a number of existing problems, especially air pollution, that have been affecting the community without much needed attention. These historically-disenfranchised communities, where most power plants are located, must benefit from the energy transition. We showed how to identify these communities through the NYC Communities and Environmental Screening (NYC CES) Index and how to ensure investments by recommending “benefits of spending” strategies. Our research also proved that adapting to climate change is not as easy as replacing fossil-fuel burning peaker power plants to renewable energy sources. If so, there are a lot of limitations and lost opportunities to think outside-thebox. We hoped we have shown alternative visions as we explored solutions from placing solar panels and battery storages in strategic locations, and to proposing innovative clean energy infrastructures that provide benefits to residents and preserve the working waterfront of neighborhoods. We do recognize vulnerability comes in multiple scales. This studio has proposed actions, ranging from transforming a small site to recommending state-wide policies. We also acknowledge the challenges of the temporal scale; there are actions that should be implemented immediately and also those that need to be carried over time. As the studio progressed, we decided to envision the energy transition in stages, from studying immediate replacements for peaker power plants to proposing innovative energy infrastructure that could be implemented in the long run. All of these actions, despite differences in spatial or temporal scale, should serve to accelerate a just energy transition.

Grey-to-Green Energy transition in new york City Instr.: Anthony Borelli & Graham Trelstad Year: Spring 2020 Course: urban planning studio New York City, NY group of 12 students Full Report Here

Analysis of 311 Data

Master of Architecture & Master of Science in Urban Planning | Columbia GSAPP

Multi-criteria Decision Analysis for our site selection

| Thiago Lee |

We outlined proposals for the three most vulnerable neighborhoods in NYC

Open Space and Green Corridors connecting main anchors around the development

Urban Development in China Skidmore, Owings & Merril Year: Summer 2021 Professional San Francisco, CA

wood & Metal work 2017-2018 São Paulo, BRazil

1 1

1 Storeable drawing table (OSB) 2 Foldable Montessori Learning Tower (Plywood) 3 Bookshelf (Teak and Steel) 4 Montessori Tower (Cedar and Plywood)

Abstract The Korean immigrant population has created a significant presence in São Paulo, Brazil, over the past six decades, and the majority of its 1.5 and second generations are currently in working age. Formal surveys on the political and civic participation of the community is lacking, however anecdotal references are observable: many ethnic associations have emerged and waned over the decades, while changes in economic conjuncture have recently propelled the creation of new ones; a handful members of the community attempted to be elected for political positions but none has yet succeeded; Korean churches are common catalysts for civic services for vulnerable groups. This research aims to understand how the 1.5 and second generation are presently involved in civic and political activities and to contribute to the discussion on its determinants. A historical study on the community and its main ethnic enclave – the neighborhood of Bom Retiro – was conducted followed by a literature review on conceptualizations about immigrants’ identity and their relationship with their community and the host country. The latter involved studies from the fields of political sciences, sociology and urban design and was the foundation for semi-structured interviews that ensued, in which members of the 1.5 and second generation from diverse backgrounds were interviewed and their responses analyzed. From these incursions, this thesis proposes a new understanding of the civic and political engagement of the Korean community in Brazil and look into its possible future developments. Moreover, lessons learned from this population are broadened in their applicability for other small- to middle-sized immigrant groups worldwide. 1. Introduction This thesis seeks to discern the current panorama of the civic and political engagement of the 1.5 and second generations of Korean immigrants living in São Paulo, Brazil, and to analyze possible causes for and future implications from this scenario. This topic originated from the position of the researcher as a second generation Korean immigrant born and raised in São Paulo, whose experience moving to the United States in 2019 to initiate his studies at Columbia University and the inevitable observation of the similarities and distinctions between the American and Brazilian Korean communities sparked the curiosity for a deeper investigation. The perception of a more politically active community in North America compared to the one in Brazil induced questions of the impact of the histories of immigration, belonging and identity on unity and political awareness, in order to understand what factors created the divergence in attitude in these two Korean groups. report begins with a historical study and literature review on conceptualizations that connect the imThe Civic and The migrant condition to participation. Even though the Koreans in São Paulo are not solely concentrated in area, more consideration is given in understanding one main centrality which is the neighborhood of Political one Bom Retiro. It has become informally recognized over the decades as a Korean neighborhood and ethnic concentrating the city’s most prominent commercial establishments for or owned by members Participation of enclave, of the community. In the past few years, with the rise in distribution and popularity of Korean media and Bom Retiro has also attracted more attention and more visitors, very recently being under the 1.5 and Second entertainment, a contentious discussion over the attempt to rebrand it as “Little Seul”. generations of Korean Immigrants in São Paulo

Advisor: Jenna Dublin Reader: Jeffrey Shumaker Year: 2023 Course: Urban Planning Thesis São Paulo, Brazil Excerpt

A hypothesis was elaborated on the factors influencing engagement in this population based on these investigations, followed by semi-structured interviews that were conducted with members of the community. This data was analyzed against the research and hypothesis, leading to analytical and propositional conclusions. Though the current research dives into one specific community in a developing country, the applicability of the observations could extend to other small- to middle-sized immigrant groups. Commonalities are shared between these populations concerning the struggles with adaptation to the host country and with becoming a minority group. Thus, understanding more intricacies about the participation of the Korean descendent population in São Paulo can not only expand on a subject that is not extensively explored but also further the discussion regarding immigrant communities at large. (...) 5. Methodology In order to better understand the level of participation of the Korean descendants in São Paulo, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a set of people composed of Koreans living in the city, who were contacted via snowball sampling. A group of 26 people were interviewed, and from those 16 were from the second-generation, 9 were from the 1.5 generation (born in abroad but emigrating to Brazil in a young age), and 1 had a distinct immigration path. The sampling method allowed the expansion of the network of connections creating a diverse set of interviewees with distinct backgrounds. The profile of this group in terms of generation, profession, place of upbringing, church affiliation, and proximity to interviewer are displayed in the table and diagram below. It points to possible reasons for similarities or differences in some answers from the interviewees in topics such as how they perceive the engagement of the Korean community, how much are they themselves engaged or how they evaluate the Brazilian political system. Questions were elaborated according to the themes investigated in the literature review however, after a few interviews, new topics were added and new questions were created based on topics of relevance that appeared in the responses. The existing questions were condensed so that the interview would not need to extend beyond one hour. In addition to that, questions were adopted from the American National Election Studies conducted by the University of Michigan’s Center for Political Studies, specifically the ones that are used to measure the internal and external political efficacy among the American electorate. These studies were initiated in 1948 and have been conducted ever since in the period around the major American elections in order to examine the political behavior of American voters. The questions used in interviews for the current study were taken from original set of questions on political efficacy and a few from later developments of the same survey (Craig, Niemi & Silver, 1990). The questions in the original survey demand simply an agree or disagree answer, and in the interviews conducted for this study, the interviewees were allowed to elaborate on their replies. Data analysis was performed using the Thematic Analysis method (Mihas, 2023; Nowell et al, 2017; Braun & Clarke, 2006). This qualitative research method seeks to identify, analyze, organize, describe, and report themes found within a qualitative data set (Nowell et al, 2017; Braun & Clarke, 2006). A theme can be defined as “an abstract entity that brings meaning and identity to a recurrent experience and its variant manifestations. As such, a theme captures and unifies the nature or basis of the experience into a meaningful whole” (DeSantis & Ugarriza, 2000). Thus, following an iterative process, the data is systematized and categorized into codes and, eventually, into themes that interpret the raw material. Braun and Clarke (2006) describes a six steps iterative method for thematic analysis: (1) Becoming familiar with the data, involving data immersion and iterative cycles of reading to generate further insights; (2) Generating codes, which refers to labeling and indexing important sections of the text as they relate to a theme or issue; (3) Generating themes, meaning sorting the codes into higher-level topics or themes, ending the process with tentative themes and subthemes; (4) Reviewing themes, in which themes are interrogated by revisiting the coded data, checking if there are sufficient and cohesive evidence supporting each theme and if the systematization necessitates refinement; (5) Defining and naming themes, entailing the finalization of themes definition that could involve debriefing with peers or re-scrutinizing the coding; (6) Producing the report, telling the complex story of the themes, describing each with illustrative examples, possibly discerning connective takeaways or meta-themes. As in all qualitative research, the process of data collection, data analysis and report writing can occur simultaneously, the Thematic Analysis method also considers the iterative and reflective development that develops over time, involving a constant moving back and forward between phases. (...)

thank you

thiago Lee Columbia GSAPP M.Arch + MS. UP ‘23 thiago.lee@columbia.edu +1 781-296-4371