Conference held in the AA London (architecture association, school of architecture) on 21th of January 2011 under the topic “Bata vs Thames Gateway Projects” - an attempt to establish a comparison between a not that well known, urban experiment that took place mainly in the first half of the 20th century, with the contemporary urban discussion around London future gorwth, ongoing mainly in the 21st century. The Bauhaus Kolleg XII this year dedicated to the research on the topic “Urban Footprints: the Bata satellite cities” developed this presentation as an attempt to try to give the audience a brief insight on the complexity of the “Bata World”. Hoppefully, in the end, all presents will be in the possession of the basic information to reflect on this topic and discuss how the experiments (success and failures) of the past might help us find better solutions for the future.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
Bata Shoe Company was born in 1894 in Czech Republic by the hand of 3 brothers Antonín, Anna and Tomas. They originated from Zlín, located in the centre of Czech Republic, a region known for it’s cobbling. The Bata family itself had a long tradition in the art and by establishing a well-organized shoe company, the brothers believed be able to compete with the other craftsmen in that area mainly owning small scale family businesses.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
Zlín, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded:1894 / nationalized: 1945
1
1
the birth of an empire
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1894-1929
1
Baťa’s City, Country founded closed
1
Zlín, Austro-Hungarian Empire, later Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic 1894 - 1945
1
Tomáš Baťa (April 3, 1876 Zlín – July 12, 1932 Otrokovice, Czechoslovakia) Head of the Company: 1897 - 1932
So they went to their father (second time married) and reclaim their mother’s inheritance as well as the fathers in advanced. This episode represents quite well one of the main characteristics of Bata – pro-activity.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
04 Torso of a block of houses between the Peace Square and Tomás Bata Avenue, Zlín, 1934, with inscriptions: “WE´RE BUILDING GREATER ZLÍN” | WE´RE TEARING DOWN THE LAST CENTURY | WE´RE CARRYING OUT THE ZOONING PLAN
After 50 years, Bata was the main shoe manufacturer in the world, represented in almost every continent...
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
Baťov (Velký Dvůr), Sezimovo Ústí, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1939 / nationalized: 1945 / closed: late 1990s Baťov (Zruč nad Sázavou), Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1938 / nationalized: 1945 Třebíč (Borovina), Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1933 / nationalized: 1945 / closed: 2000 Baťov (today Bahňák, part of Otrokovice), Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1931 / nationalized: 1945 Napajedla, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1935 / nationalized: 1945 Nové Zámky, Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1931 / nationalized: 1945 Batizovce (today Svit), Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1934 / nationalized: 1945
Chełmek, Poland founded: 1931
Liptovský sv. Mikuláš, Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1938 / nationalized: 1945
Ottmuth, Germany (today Otmęt, Poland) founded: 1931
Baťovany (today Partizánske), Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1938 / nationalized: 1945
Batadorp, Best, Netherlands founded: 1933
Bošany, Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1931 / nationalized: 1945 Martfü, Hungary founded: 1941 Borovo (today Borovo Naselje, part of Vukovar), Jugoslavia, today Croatia founded: 1931
Zlín, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded:1894 / nationalized: 1945 Maryport, Cumbria, United Kingdom founded: 19?? East Tilbury, Essex, United Kingdom founded: 1933 Möhlin, Switzerland founded: 1929-32
Konagar, Beirut, Syria, (today Lebanon) founded: 1933-34
Bataville, Hellocourt , Moussey, France founded: 1932 Bataville, Vernon, France founded: 1932 Neuvic, Dordogne, France founded: 1939
Batawa, Ontario, Canada founded: 1939 Belcamp, Maryland, USA founded: 1936-38
Baghdad, Iraq founded: 1934 El Mansheyra, Alexandria, Egypt founded: 1927-30 Batapur, Pakistan founded: 1942 Lahore, India, (today Pkistan) founded: 1939
Casablanca, Morocco founded: 1939 Konnagar, Hooghly, West Bengal, India founded: 1931 >> removed to Batanagar in 1936
Port-au-Prince, Haiti founded: 1940
Bataganj, Digha near Patna, Bihar, India founded: 1931
??, Guatemala founded: 1940
Batanagar, West Bengal, India founded: 1934 Bangalore, Karnataka, India founded: 1931 ??, Philippines founded: 1940 Klang, Malaysia founded: 1935 Batavia - Kalibata on Java Island (today Subdistrict of South Jakarta), Indonesia founded: 1938
Dakar, Senegal founded: 1940
Hai Phong, Vietnam founded: 1940 Limuru, Nairobi, Kenya founded: 1939 Chosica, Peru founded: 19??
Singapore founded: 1937
Kinshasa – Gombe, Congo founded: 1940
Lima, Peru founded: 1939 Quillacollo, Bolivia founded: 1940
Peñaflor
Gwelo (later Modrat, today Gweru) Zimbabwe (today Rhodesia) founded: 1937
Pinetown, South Africa founded: 19??
Batatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil founded: 1941
(Santiago de Chile), Chile founded: 1939
Mariapolis, Sao Paulo, Brazil founded: 1941 Bataguassu, Mato Grosso du Sul, Brazil founded: 1942 Batayporã, Mato Grosso du Sul, Brazil founded: 1942
1
2
the bloom
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1930-1945
~55
Baťa’s Cities, Country founded closed
1
Zlín, Austro-Hungarian Empire, later Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic 1894 - 1945
1945 - London, UK 1964 - Toronto, Canada 2002 - Lausanne, Switzerland
1
Tomáš Baťa (April 3, 1876 Zlín – July 12, 1932 Otrokovice, Czechoslovakia) Head of the Company: 1897 - 1932
2
Tomáš Jan Baťa (September 17, 1914 Praha – September 1, 2008 Toronto, Canada) Head of the Company: 1946 - 1984
Jan Antonín Baťa (March 7, 1898 Uherské Hradiště – August 23, 1965 Brasil) Head of the Company: 1932 - 1945
...and one of the first actors of what we call today Globalization, exporting the Bata way of life to everywhere it went. Production, planning, commnication, social rules.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
birth/death NEW FACTORY
Třebíč Czech Repbulic
NEW BUSINESS
Batadorp Netherlands
1933
NEW INNOVATION CENTER
Tomáš Baťa
NEW FACILITY
Batawa Canada
1933 East Tilbury England
NEW INTERNAL PUBLICATION NEW STORE
1939
Jan Antonín Baťa INNOVATION CENTER
NEW MEGA-STORE
1933
Tomáš Jan Baťa Jr. MUSEUM
Bataganj India Bošany Slovakia Baťov Czech Republic 1931
Konnagar India
Borovo Croatia
Zlín Czech Republic 1894
Lima Peru
Klang Malaysia
Ottmuth Germany
1931
Limuru Kenya
Napajedla Czech Republic
Peenya India
Nové Zámky Czech Republic
1931
1935
Möhlin Switzerland
Cassablanca Morocco
Martfü Hungary
1939 Anaurilândia Brazil
Neuvic France
Lusaka (Longolongo Road) Republic of Zambia
Peñaflor Chile
Beirut Lebanon
1929
1941
Lahore India
Chelmek Poland
NEW HEADQUARTERS
Mariapolis Brazil
Baťov Czech Republic
1963
1939
Třebíč Czech Republic
Gwelo Zimbabwe
Batatuba Brazil
Mornington Australia
Lusaka (Mukwa Road) Republic of Zambia
Maraka Pakistan
Batashatak India
1933
1937
1941
1961
1967
1984
1992
the disconnection 1939-1945 the bloom 1929-1939
the birth of an empire 1870-1929
1932 Bataville, Vernon France
the expansion 1964-1990
the resurrection 1945-1964
1932
1938
1942
1952
1958
1962
Bataville, Hellocourt France 1930
Batavia Indonesia
Bataguassu Brazil
Faridabad India
Sandak Mexico
Dhamrai Bangladesh
1934
Baťov Czech Republic
Batapur Pakistan
Mokamehghat Hathidah India
Baghdad Iraq
Baťovany Slovakia
El Mansheya Egypt
Tongi Bangladesh
1960
Liptovsky sv. Mikulas Svit Slovakia Slovakia
1934
the adaption 1990-2015
Batanagar India
1942
1940’s
Batapur Pakistan
Maryport England
1940
Chosica Peru 1960’s Kerkrade Netherlands Nederweert Netherlands
Gombe Democratic Republic of the Congo Dakar Senegal Haiphong Vietnam Port au Prince Haiti 1936 Belcamp U.S.A
1923
Quillacollo Bolivia
1889 Tomáš Baťa's half-brother Jan Antonín Baťa is born on March 7
1942 Bataguassu Brazil
1924
1939 Shortly before the invasion, Tomáš Baťa Jr goes into exile, settling in Canada. In the summer, Jan A. Baťa emigrates to the United States. 1903 The brothers Tomáš and Antonín Baťa, co-owners of the family firm, take part in a meeting at which the Zlín organizationof the Social Democrat trade unions is founded.
1942 Batayporã Brazil
1923 On September 1923,Tomáš Baťa becomes mayor of Zlín, holding office until 1932.
Thomas J. Bata, the founders son, together with over 100 families from Czechoslovakia moved to Canada The Canadian and Brazilian branches of the family becomes more distant from one another during the war.
1945 Communist government expropriates Jan Bata's property in Czechoslovakia
1947 Under the influence of Communist agitation against capitalism and the Baťa system, a politically-influenced trial is held in Prague in spring 1947 in which Jan A. Baťa, now a Brazilian citizen, is sentenced in absentia to prison and to the confiscation of his property. Jan A. Baťa remains in Brazil until his death in 1965, becoming involved in agrarian colonization and the establishment of towns (Batatuba, Batayporã and others). In a series of family court disputes (1947-62), Jan A. Baťa’s claims do not prevail, thereby consolidating Tomáš Baťa Jr’s position as head of the Baťa organization in the West.
1989 Tomáš Baťa Jr visits Zlín on 16 December, during the Velvet Revolution led by Václav Havel, which brings about the end of the Communist regime. It is the first time Baťa has returned to his native country since going into exile fifty years before 1965 Jan Antonín Baťa dies on August 23
Thomas J. Baťa invests in the state owned Svit which goes bankrupt in 2000 due to incompetence in the free market
2007 Thomas J. Bata received the FIRST Award for Responsible Capitalism, the life time Achievement Meda Tomáš Baťa Jr manages to get the unjust verdict concerning Jan A. Baťa political sentencing in 1947 invalidated in 2007
Until the break of II world War the company was based in Zlín, which became the testing ground for Bata´s vision,
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
07 ZlĂn - Plan View, 1918
private archive of Jitka Ressova
especially after Tomas Bata was elected Mayor of the city from 1923 to 1932.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
08 ZlĂn - Plan View, 1931
private archive of Jitka Ressova
The population of the town grows drastically due to Bata factory allowing the Bata image to gain consistency.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
09 ZlĂn - Plan View, 1944
private archive of Jitka Ressova
In 1931, in order to survive the Great Depression, the company establishes factories abroad, together with housing estates for employees in the style of ZlĂn architecture creating a coherent image recognisable as Bata.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
10 ZlĂn - Plan View, 2001
private archive of Jitka Ressova
After the II World War, all the business enterprises of the Bata Company in Czechoslovakia are nationalized. This means the end of Bata Company in ZlĂn. Bata development Limited is established, with head offices in London. The subsidiary companies in each country start gaining growing independence and Bata image begins to lose its strength.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
Baťov (Velký Dvůr), Sezimovo Ústí, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1939 / nationalized: 1945 / closed: late 1990s Baťov (Zruč nad Sázavou), Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1938 / nationalized: 1945 Třebíč (Borovina), Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1933 / nationalized: 1945 / closed: 2000 Baťov (today Bahňák, part of Otrokovice), Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1931 / nationalized: 1945 Napajedla, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1935 / nationalized: 1945 Nové Zámky, Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1931 / nationalized: 1945 Batizovce (today Svit), Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1934 / nationalized: 1945
Chełmek, Poland founded: 1931
Liptovský sv. Mikuláš, Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1938 / nationalized: 1945
Ottmuth, Germany (today Otmęt, Poland) founded: 1931
Baťovany (today Partizánske), Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1938 / nationalized: 1945
Batadorp, Best, Netherlands founded: 1933
Bošany, Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1931 / nationalized: 1945 Martfü, Hungary founded: 1941 Borovo (today Borovo Naselje, part of Vukovar), Jugoslavia, today Croatia founded: 1931
Zlín, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded:1894 / nationalized: 1945 Maryport, Cumbria, United Kingdom founded: 19?? East Tilbury, Essex, United Kingdom founded: 1933 Möhlin, Switzerland founded: 1929-32 Batawa, Ontario, Canada founded: 1939 Belcamp, Maryland, USA founded: 1936-38
Konagar, Beirut, Syria, (today Lebanon) founded: 1933-34
Bataville, Hellocourt , Moussey, France founded: 1932 Bataville, Vernon, France founded: 1932 Neuvic, Dordogne, France founded: 1939
Baghdad, Iraq founded: 1934 El Mansheyra, Alexandria, Egypt founded: 1927-30 Batapur, Pakistan founded: 1942 Lahore, India, (today Pkistan) founded: 1939
Casablanca, Morocco founded: 1939
Sandak, Coyoacán, Mexico founded: 1958
Dhamrai & Tongi, Bangladesh founded: 1962 Konnagar, Hooghly, West Bengal, India founded: 1931 >> removed to Batanagar in 1936
Port-au-Prince, Haiti founded: 1940
Bataganj, Digha near Patna, Bihar, India founded: 1931
??, Guatemala founded: 1940
Dakar, Senegal founded: 1940
Batanagar, West Bengal, India founded: 1934 Bangalore, Karnataka, India founded: 1931 ??, Philippines founded: 1940 Klang, Malaysia founded: 1935 Batavia - Kalibata on Java Island (today Subdistrict of South Jakarta), Indonesia founded: 1938
Faridabad, India founded: 1952 Hai Phong, Vietnam founded: 1940 Limuru, Nairobi, Kenya founded: 1939
Chosica, Peru founded: 19??
Singapore founded: 1937
Kinshasa – Gombe, Congo founded: 1940
Lima, Peru founded: 1939
Lusaka, Zambia founded: 1963
Quillacollo, Bolivia founded: 1940
Gwelo (later Modrat, today Gweru) Zimbabwe (today Rhodesia) founded: 1937
Maipú, (Santiago de Chile), Chile founded: 1960s Peñaflor
Pinetown, South Africa founded: 19??
Batatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil founded: 1941
(Santiago de Chile), Chile founded: 1939
Mariapolis, Sao Paulo, Brazil founded: 1941 Bataguassu, Mato Grosso du Sul, Brazil founded: 1942
Mornington, Victoria, Australia founded: 1961
Batayporã, Mato Grosso du Sul, Brazil founded: 1942 Anaurilândia, Mato Grosso du Sul, Brazil founded: 1963
1
3
disconnec/resurrect
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3
4
1
2
3
4
1946-1964
~7
new/Europe
0
Baťa’s Cities, Country founded closed
2
London, UK 1945 - 1963
1945 - London, UK 1964 - Toronto, Canada 2002 - Lausanne, Switzerland
3
Tomáš Jan Baťa (September 17, 1914 Praha – September 1, 2008 Toronto, Canada) Head of the Company: 1946 - 1984
Tomáš Jan Baťa (September 17, 1914 Praha – September 1, 2008 Toronto, Canada) Head of the Company: 1946 - 1984
So what does Bata World mean?
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
THERE ARE 86,400 SECONDS IN A DAY message on the wall of the first factory in Zlín, 1905
BATA SYSTEM
Tomas Bata was a man ahead of its time, focused on the future, passionate about the potentialities of industry, of the modern world. His company represents his vision of this new world and he wanted his workers to be a part of it.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
12 ZlĂn - aerial view
private archive of Pavel Novak
Obviously these conceptions brought and still do as much appraisal as criticism.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
13 ZlĂn - aerial view with indication of main buildings
Conversion of abandoned industrial premisses in the town of ZlĂn - International Workshop 20-28th October 2001, private archive of Pavel Novak
The Bata System aimed mainly at the optimization and rationalization of production processes as a means of ensuring profit. It was a centralized vertical system of control aimed at the entire production since the processing of raw materials to selling the finished product
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
14 A view of Batanagar workshops
The Decade First of Batanagar, Jan Baros, 1945, ZlĂn archive
covering not only the production of shoes, but also social welfare, architecture, urban planning, communication and social behaviour.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
15 A view of Batanagar assmebly lines Batanagar Photo Book, ZlĂn archive
The optimization was ensured thru the application of many fordistic concepts and advanced European and American production processes as the assembly line and the constant development of state of the art machinery mixed with the Czech culture of entrepreneurism.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
16 A view of Batanagar assmebly lines Batanagar Photo Book, ZlĂn archive
The optimization was ensured thru the application of many fordistic concepts and advanced European and American production processes as the assembly line and the constant development of state of the art machinery mixed with the Czech culture of entrepreneurism. Bata meant not the production of shoes but a way of life.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
system AT PEAK
hosiery facoty
boiler house descentralization loss
textile factory
profit
leather factory
shared profits electrical sub-station
shoe-lace fctory chemical factory
ZLÍN
BATA Headquarters BATA exports/outputs BATA branding BATA imports/inputs BATA social system SOURCES Jenkins, Eric J., 1999: “Utopia Inc., Czech culture and bata shoe company architecture and garden cities” | Cohen, Jean-Louis: “Zlín. An industrial republic” | Nerdinger, Winfried: “Zlin: MODERN SOCIAL Lacquered - ARCHITECTURE AND LIFE IN THE SAME STEP” | Kligan, Katrin; Gust, Kerstin: “A utopia of modernity: Zlin – revisiting Bata’s functional city” | Smith, Joanna: “East Tilbury, Essex - Historic Area Appraisal” | Smith, Joanna: “Work collectivelly and live individually: The Bata housing estate at East Tilbury”
However the conditions offered to Bata workers had always the same goal – to ensure the maximum production with less loss - all aspects of the Bata life had to be profitable, that way the system was sustainable by itself.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
18 The Bata System
East Tilbury Handbook - Britsh Bata Shoe Company Limited - East Tilbury, Eassex, 1933
The entire company was divided into subsidiary companies located in each country and each of those into several independent units – production facilities, leisure, sport, education, commercial, administrative, housing, planning, communication, etc.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
19 Employees of two standard Batanagar Workshops producing shoes
The Decade First of Batanagar, Jan Baros, 1945, ZlĂn archive
Each of his main units where again subdivided into small ones – in case of production: independent workshops; in case of communal facilities – the cinema, the shops, the school.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
20 The First Conference of Bata Shop Managers from all over India which was held in Luknow on March 7th and 8th, 1934
The Decade First of Batanagar, Jan Baros, 1945, ZlĂn archive
A central management department determined the economic goals for each independent unit who had to be profitable with the risk of being closed. The departments had to be profitable with the risk of cutting in workers salaries. Each department had its own research and development teams to ensure state of the art machinery, production techniques, technology and design.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
21 Workers Acces Control - Tomas Bata messages are everywhere
Cestovni Zprávny Tilbury Hellocourt 1936, Volcík Josef, Zlín archive
Bata workers were chosen early, recruited from surrounding, mainly rural areas, trained in Bata schools,
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
22 East Tilbury - Bata swiming pool | Community House | Young men of the Hostel East Tilbury Handbook - Britsh Bata Shoe Company Limited - East Tilbury, Eassex, 1933
enjoying breaks in Bata facilities, eventually getting married with Bata women, spending vacations paid by and in Bata chosen destinations‌
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
23 Pictures from the procession at the Bata Annual Athletic Sports | At the sports ground. Usually 300 athletes compete in about 20 athletic events The Decade First of Batanagar, Jan Baros, 1945, ZlĂn archive
The workers were motivated thru several processes specially aimed at “healthy competition” like autonomous workshops and by the offering of a complete “life style” package,
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
24 Batanagar News: Prize of five thousand Rupees for the winner of the Contest for “Invention and Replacement od the RUbber Shoe Sole” The Decade First of Batanagar, Jan Baros, 1945, Zlín archive
which ensured an idea of being a part of the future.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
25 Working at Bata
The Decade First of Batanagar, Jan Baros, 1945, ZlĂn archive
The production system included research and development teams for developing machinery, productions techniques, and new materials and designs that where then tested in the production facilities. Bata tend to control the entire production having all the main production facilities in the same place, even when, the products had to be imported (like rubber) most likely, Bata own the rubber plantation.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
system AT PEAK
autonomous workshops: independent production units 150 workers=2000 pairs of shoes/day determined time/cost production plan equal training equal motivation share profits and losses cooperative organization
hosiery facoty
boiler house
research & developement new materials
descentralization
production methods, technologic development for plastics products
loss
research & developement
profit
new materials
textile factory
leather factory
production methods technologic developments
plastics department
specialization on small nº of shoe models
research & developement new machinery
shared profits
rationalization
electrical sub-station
shoe-lace fctory
footwear department
mass production business philosophy:
standardization
each working unit had a production plan that yield and thus determined the specific profit.
engineer department
chemical factory
each unit had: all the operation costs to support itself responsible for the fulfillment of goals
design department developement
sales department
creative products functionality economy simplicity driven aethetic
research market behaviour clients needs competitors operations and results
ZLÍN
BATA Headquarters BATA exports/outputs BATA branding BATA imports/inputs BATA social system SOURCES Jenkins, Eric J., 1999: “Utopia Inc., Czech culture and bata shoe company architecture and garden cities” | Cohen, Jean-Louis: “Zlín. An industrial republic” | Nerdinger, Winfried: “Zlin: MODERN SOCIAL Lacquered - ARCHITECTURE AND LIFE IN THE SAME STEP” | Kligan, Katrin; Gust, Kerstin: “A utopia of modernity: Zlin – revisiting Bata’s functional city” | Smith, Joanna: “East Tilbury, Essex - Historic Area Appraisal” | Smith, Joanna: “Work collectivelly and live individually: The Bata housing estate at East Tilbury”
The factories had to have excellent access conditions – truck, train, boat, airplane – rarely the 4 means of transport where present at the same place, but 3 of them was likely to happen to allow quick respond to different transportation needs: import/ export goods, export of final product for distribution to Bata Stores, transportation of people.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
N Batadrop , Best, Netherlands
Borovina,Trebic, Czecch Republic Maryport, England Batawa,Ontario, Canada
East Tilbury, England
Batacity, Zlin, Czech Republic Bat’ov,Sezimovo Usti, Czech Republic
?
Belcamp,Maryland, USA
W
Bat’ov,Zruc nad Sazavou, Czech republic
Bat’ov,Otrokovice, Czech Republic
Borovo,Croatia
Bosany,Slovekia
? Beirut,Lebanon Chosica, Lemu, Peru
Bataypora , Brazil
Anaurilandia,Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
? ? Bataguassu,Brazil
Svit,Slovekia
?
?? Baghdad,Iraq
EI Mansheya,Alexandria, Egypt
Batapur,Lahor. Pakistan
?
Dhaka,Bangladesh
Lemoru,Kenya
Maipo,Chile Batanagar,Kolkata, India
Gwelo, Zimbabwe Mariapolis ,Brazil
Batatuba,Sao Paulo, Brazil
S
? Pinetown,Southafrica
? Batavia, Indonesia
E
Bata way to spread is vision was thru communication means. His use of media is remarkable.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
system AT PEAK
autonomous workshops: independent production units 150 workers=2000 pairs of shoes/day determined time/cost production plan equal training equal motivation share profits and losses cooperative organization
hosiery facoty
boiler house
research & developement new materials
descentralization
production methods, technologic development for plastics products
loss
research & developement
profit
new materials
textile factory
leather factory
production methods technologic developments
plastics department
specialization on small nº research & developement
of shoe models
new machinery
shared profits
rationalization
electrical sub-station
shoe-lace fctory
mass production
footwear department
business philosophy:
standardization
each working unit had a production plan that yield and thus determined the specific profit.
engineer department
chemical factory
each unit had: all the operation costs to support itself responsible for the fulfillment of goals
design department developement
sales department
creative products functionality economy simplicity driven aethetic
research market behaviour clients needs competitors operations and results
propaganda department
film studio
ZLÍN social programm office
BATA Headquarters BATA exports/outputs BATA branding BATA imports/inputs BATA social system SOURCES Jenkins, Eric J., 1999: “Utopia Inc., Czech culture and bata shoe company architecture and garden cities” | Cohen, Jean-Louis: “Zlín. An industrial republic” | Nerdinger, Winfried: “Zlin: MODERN SOCIAL Lacquered - ARCHITECTURE AND LIFE IN THE SAME STEP” | Kligan, Katrin; Gust, Kerstin: “A utopia of modernity: Zlin – revisiting Bata’s functional city” | Smith, Joanna: “East Tilbury, Essex - Historic Area Appraisal” | Smith, Joanna: “Work collectivelly and live individually: The Bata housing estate at East Tilbury”
Internally, the famous messages in the walls of production facilities reminded workers to not waist any time, the music coming out of the speakers didn’t let anyone forget it was time to work,
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
PEOPLE THINK, MACHINES TOIL
Wall of the rubber unit, 1908
LET US NOT BE AFFRAID OF THE FUTURE HALF OF THE PEOPLE IN THE WORLD ARE WALKING BAREFOOT AND BARELY 5% OF MAKIND IS WELL SHOED A WISE MAN DOES AT THE BEGINNING WHAT A FOOL MUST DO AT THE END
A IS FOR AMBITION BY WHICH WE ARE FIRED B IS FOR BATA FOR WHICH WE ARE INSPIRED
BATA abc printed by Bata Records
the Bata newspaper talk about Batas achievements, goals for the future, happenings in he city;
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
30 Bata Record - House of Journal of Bata Shoe Co. Ltd, East Tilbury, Essex, Friday, June 1934 East Tilbury Newspaper, ZlĂn archive
the radio advertisements arouse the need for shopping and distributed vouchers for Bata housewife’s. The Bata TV entertained families during dinner and night;
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
31 Workers from Bata hosiery plant in front of a radio speaker during a break from 9 to 9:10, from the Zlín friday newspaper, 11th October, 1940 A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín - Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan, in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis
the cinema and theatre exalted the Bata way of Life – a 24h Bata that would brainwash the most resilient brain.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
32 Cinema advertisement Bata Reminiscence Centre
To the world Bata represented the opportunity to enjoy accessible luxury. By starting to use leather only in the soles of the shoes and canvas for the rest, Bata was able to reduce prices drastically, allowing them to be affordable for the working class at rise around on the outskirts of mid 20th century.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
33 Bata advertisement: Bata - Elegance, Quality, Economy | Bata- Beautiful Premieres http://www.internationalposter.com/search-results.aspx?keywords=bata
Bata message was refine but accessible, beautiful but affordable and, above all, it surrounded the client with everything he might need, even if he didn’t.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
34 Bata advertisement: Bata - Swiss production | Bata- Visit our pedicure salon http://www.internationalposter.com/search-results.aspx?keywords=bata
What we see today as a 20 year old novelty, as the concept stores were existing 90 years ago in Bata Stores – several floors, carefully decorated, exhibiting shoes and other, leather and rubber accessories as well as foot care services.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
35 Plans for the Olympic department store, Prague, 1926, by Jaromír Krecar | Bata department store, Wescelas Square, Prague, 1927-30, by F.L.Gahura A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín - Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan, in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis
The building and planning department were established in ZlĂn in the early 1920s as another step on the path for vertical control. It ensured the continuous research for the suitable physical way to represent Bata guidelines – optimization, rationalization, quality, and profit.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
system AT PEAK
autonomous workshops: independent production units 150 workers=2000 pairs of shoes/day determined time/cost production plan Bata departement stores
equal training equal motivation
service centers including
share profits and losses
selling area and complete footcare treatment like
cooperative organization
pedicure and massage. central location, mainly
hosiery facoty
in central Europe.
boiler house
research & developement new materials
descentralization
production methods, technologic development for plastics products
loss
research & developement
profit
new materials
textile factory
leather factory
production methods technologic developments
plastics department
specialization on small nº research & developement
of shoe models
new machinery
shared profits
rationalization
electrical sub-station
shoe-lace fctory
mass production
footwear department
business philosophy:
standardization
cental service department
engineer department
chemical factory
each working unit had a production plan that yield and thus determined the
logistics department
specific profit. each unit had: all the operation costs to support itself responsible for the fulfillment of goals
design department developement functionality economy
research
simplicity
market behaviour
driven aethetic
research & development BATA headquarters were located in Zlín the model
sales department
creative products
research & development construction economy
city which served as living
blue-prints
test facility to all other satelite cities.
clients needs
The city was composed of 250
competitors operations
independent units including manufacturing facilities,
and results
losscalculating system material specification
engineering department
housing, leisure, edicational, sport health, religious and commercial facilities, social services, communication, branding that
propaganda department
film studio
machinery
construction department
had to be independently profitable.
ZLÍN social programm office
architecture department
design standartization geometric grid straight lines large openings uniformity relation landscape
planning department
design garden city like low density houses heavy landscape settings manufacture separated from residential city core street pattern=avoid monotony
education strong emphasis placed: work ‘serving the community’ Bata pedagogical principles education of the ‘new man’
BATA sataleites city_export z
recruitement process: local workforce tested for their mental and physical abilities selected through rigorous training in BATA facilities
BATA sataleites city_export material specification formwork manufacturingmachinery materials (if necessary) building town plans training of local workforce
BATA sataleites city_export local architectural adaptations
BATA Headquarters BATA exports/outputs BATA branding BATA imports/inputs BATA social system SOURCES Jenkins, Eric J., 1999: “Utopia Inc., Czech culture and bata shoe company architecture and garden cities” | Cohen, Jean-Louis: “Zlín. An industrial republic” | Nerdinger, Winfried: “Zlin: MODERN SOCIAL Lacquered - ARCHITECTURE AND LIFE IN THE SAME STEP” | Kligan, Katrin; Gust, Kerstin: “A utopia of modernity: Zlin – revisiting Bata’s functional city” | Smith, Joanna: “East Tilbury, Essex - Historic Area Appraisal” | Smith, Joanna: “Work collectivelly and live individually: The Bata housing estate at East Tilbury”
It started developing buildings according to the company’s necessities in Zlín but soon went on to planning the growth of the city
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
37 The Bata Administrative Building - Building nº21, Zlín, by V.Karfík, 1936-39
A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín - Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan, in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis
as well as developing entirely new construction systems that would characterize Bata Image.
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architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
38 The Bata Skeleton - 6,15x6,15m concrete grid structure infilled with red brick and large glazing developed by F.L.Gahura and Arnost Sehnal Bauhaus Kolleg XII
The famous 6.15x6.15m grid of reinforced concrete or steel infill with glazing or brick was used for production and most communal buildings.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
ZLĂ?N
Building Typologies
Load Bearing Walls
Housing Units
Reinforce Skeleton
School
Admin.Building
Factory
Church
Community House
Cinema
Sport
Family House
Semi-Detached Houses
Collective Houses
Dept. Stores
The company never tried to follow the mainstream styles but rather to find its own
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
39 ZlĂn: aerial view Bauhaus Kolleg XII
a mix of concepts of the garden city,
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
40 ZlĂn: aerial view - Labour Square Bauhaus Kolleg XII
industrial city and modern movement
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
41 ZlĂn: aerial view - Labour Square Bauhaus Kolleg XII
that was to be flexible enough to allow adaptation
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
41 ZlĂn: aerial view Bauhaus Kolleg XII
to different parts of the world without losing its identity.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
42 ZlĂn: aerial view Bauhaus Kolleg XII
Soon the company was exporting its urban and social model to places
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
43 R.H.Pozemní, draft plan for an industrial city of 3000 people, tropical variant
A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín - Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan, in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis
as distant as the UK, India, Brazil, or Canada
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
44 Batov, Otrokovice, general development plan, by F.L.Gahura, 1930, plan view
A Utopia of Modernity: ZlĂn - Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan, in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis
becoming an pioneer in globalization.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
45 Mohlín, zoning plan of a factory and housing estate, by Antonín Vítek, 1937, plan view
A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín - Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan, in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis
In each new settlement a massive group composed of people, materials, machines and plans
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
46 Batovany, land-use plan, by J.Vozenílek, 1946
A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín - Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan, in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis
would be dislocated to ensure the compliance with the headquarters.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
47 Batanagar, plan view ZlĂn Digital Archive
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
BUILDINGS ARE BUT HEAPS OF BRICKS AND MORTAR, MACHINES ARE BUT PILES OF STEEL, ONLY MAN CAN GIVE THEM LIFE top of electrical plant powering some 20,000 machines
EAST TILBURY
In 1931 Bata company advertised for a 600 acre site by the Thames.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
48 East Tilbury, plan view ZlĂn Digital Archive
Eventually a site was chosen following the common BATA rules: good geology for easy construction, high unemployment in the area, a mile and a half frontage to the Thames, adjoined railway line, road access to east Tilbury docks. Despite the existing railway line connecting London and Southend since 1850 and the proximity to Tilbury, the area remained a modest settlement, which was considered a plus by the company, believed to prevent Trade Unionism.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
EAST TILBURY
General Zoning bata site, east tilbury production plants residential areas community spaces (bata) community spaces (council) non-bata residences
production units
residential
community blocks
The layout followed the same rules determined in ZlĂn by Frantisek Gahura in the mid 1920s always supervised by the headquarters planning and building department. However East Tilbury planning department developed most of the plans.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
EAST TILBURY
Production units periodic development 1933-68
factory building 1933-39 factory building 1948-51 factory building 1951-61 factory building 1966-68 community areas residential units
One of the main concepts was the work in progress – plans were never closed,
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
EAST TILBURY
Production units periodic development 1933-68
building nยบ12 single storey factory
factory building
gatehouse
factory building 1933-39 factory building 1948-51
factory building
factory building 1951-61 factory building 1966-68 community areas residential units boiler house
Trafalgar House
they were supposed to be revised along time allowing adaptations and even alteration according to the cities development.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
EAST TILBURY
Residential Area periodic development 1933-63
flat roof houses 1933-35
flat roof houses 1936-38
flat roof houses 1939-41
flat roof houses 1946-47
pitched houses 1953-55
pitched houses 1955-59
pitched houses 1961-63
production units
community buindings
The first proposal was a gigantic industrial centre unit comprising: • 40# factories; • Houses for workers; • Railway station + siding from the railway line to the works; • Riverside jetty; • Shops; • Aerodrome; • Swimming Baths; • Teathre; • Dance Halls; • Cinema
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
EAST TILBURY
Residential Area periodic development 1933-63
Housing-Thomas Bata Avenue
Housing-Queen Elizabeth Road
Housing-King George Avenue
Managers Houses flat roof houses 1933-35
flat roof houses 1936-38 Housing-Princess Margaret Avenue flat roof houses 1939-41
flat roof houses 1946-47
pitched houses 1953-55 Housing-Bata Avenue pitched houses 1955-59
pitched houses 1961-63
production units
community buindings
The plan was revised in 1935 and 1945 adapting itself to a more modest scale as well as the British taste and social reality.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
54 East Tilbury, aerial view 1934 - phase construction one Bata Reminiscence Centre Archive
The production plant was the first to be constructed as well as basic shelter for workers. After that came the workers houses
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
55 East Tilbury, aerial view 1938 - phase construction two Bata Reminiscence Centre Archive
and then the communal facilities. That doesn’t mean that one would only start building after the previous was completed, but rather that the priorities were PRODUCE, HOUSE, LESURE.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
56 East Tilbury, aerial view 1952 - phase construction three Bata Reminiscence Centre Archive
The best way to create a sustainable closed economic system is to serve basic human needs at once. This way human feel comfortable and tend to remain faithful to the place. Bata Settlements tend to be located in slightly rural areas, with good access conditions and develop a sense of community.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
57 East Tilbury, aerial view 1960 Bata Reminiscence Centre Archive
By supplying the local recruited workers all their needs it created fidelity. By controlling all the production facilities, it created profit.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
A Bata City contained, production plant with all factories needed to produce a shoe, outside factories to supply raw materials;
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
houses for workers,
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
Bata shops selling shoes, grocery store selling products from Bata farm for workers to buy from, cinema and theatre for workers to enjoy their evenings and weekends; sport facilities for workers to spend their weekends and to participate in events, schools for children to study and be formed as Bata Young men and women – meaning that the money it was pay to the workers always returned to the company and that they barely had the necessity to leave the premises of the factory, being 24h on call.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
ONE SHOULD NEVER STOP THINKING About the program of the community house, East TIlbury, 1929
according to his orders, on the ground floor next to the restaurant there will be no cafe or wine bar, just a big hall with a table tennis, a bowling alley and a chess room
Bata World Today
Today Bata company still maintains its presence in the shoe market having to divide its previous leadership with many other competitors.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
Baťov (Velký Dvůr), Sezimovo Ústí, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1939 / nationalized: 1945 / closed: late 1990s Baťov (Zruč nad Sázavou), Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1938 / nationalized: 1945 Třebíč (Borovina), Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1933 / nationalized: 1945 / closed: 2000 Baťov (today Bahňák, part of Otrokovice), Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1931 / nationalized: 1945 Napajedla, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1935 / nationalized: 1945 Nové Zámky, Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1931 / nationalized: 1945 Batizovce (today Svit), Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1934 / nationalized: 1945
Chełmek, Poland founded: 1931
Liptovský sv. Mikuláš, Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1938 / nationalized: 1945
Ottmuth, Germany (today Otmęt, Poland) founded: 1931
Baťovany (today Partizánske), Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1938 / nationalized: 1945
Batadorp, Best, Netherlands founded: 1933
Bošany, Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1931 / nationalized: 1945 Martfü, Hungary founded: 1941 Borovo (today Borovo Naselje, part of Vukovar), Jugoslavia, today Croatia founded: 1931
Zlín, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded:1894 / nationalized: 1945 Maryport, Cumbria, United Kingdom founded: 19?? East Tilbury, Essex, United Kingdom founded: 1933 Möhlin, Switzerland founded: 1929-32
Konagar, Beirut, Syria, (today Lebanon) founded: 1933-34
Bataville, Hellocourt , Moussey, France founded: 1932 Bataville, Vernon, France founded: 1932 Neuvic, Dordogne, France founded: 1939
Batawa, Ontario, Canada founded: 1939 Belcamp, Maryland, USA founded: 1936-38
Baghdad, Iraq founded: 1934 El Mansheyra, Alexandria, Egypt founded: 1927-30 Batapur, Pakistan founded: 1942 Lahore, India, (today Pkistan) founded: 1939
Casablanca, Morocco founded: 1939
Sandak, Coyoacán, Mexico founded: 1958
Dhamrai & Tongi, Bangladesh founded: 1962 Konnagar, Hooghly, West Bengal, India founded: 1931 >> removed to Batanagar in 1936
Port-au-Prince, Haiti founded: 1940
Bataganj, Digha near Patna, Bihar, India founded: 1931
??, Guatemala founded: 1940
Dakar, Senegal founded: 1940
Batanagar, West Bengal, India founded: 1934 Bangalore, Karnataka, India founded: 1931 ??, Philippines founded: 1940 Klang, Malaysia founded: 1935 Batavia - Kalibata on Java Island (today Subdistrict of South Jakarta), Indonesia founded: 1938
Faridabad, India founded: 1952 Hai Phong, Vietnam founded: 1940 Limuru, Nairobi, Kenya founded: 1939
Chosica, Peru founded: 19??
Singapore founded: 1937
Kinshasa – Gombe, Congo founded: 1940
Lima, Peru founded: 1939
Lusaka, Zambia founded: 1963
Quillacollo, Bolivia founded: 1940
Gwelo (later Modrat, today Gweru) Zimbabwe (today Rhodesia) founded: 1937
Maipú, (Santiago de Chile), Chile founded: 1960s Peñaflor
Pinetown, South Africa founded: 19??
Batatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil founded: 1941
(Santiago de Chile), Chile founded: 1939
Mariapolis, Sao Paulo, Brazil founded: 1941 Bataguassu, Mato Grosso du Sul, Brazil founded: 1942
Mornington, Victoria, Australia founded: 1961
Batayporã, Mato Grosso du Sul, Brazil founded: 1942 Anaurilândia, Mato Grosso du Sul, Brazil founded: 1963
1
4
the new expansion
~30
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1965-2010
in Asia: Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanca, Malaysia, Indonesia /
0
in China
Baťa’s Cities, Country founded closed
3
Toronto, Canada
1964 - 2002
1945 - London, UK 1964 - Toronto, Canada 2002 - Lausanne, Switzerland
4
Lausanne, Switzerland
2002 - today
4
Thomas George Baťa (* 1948) Head of the Company: 1984 - today
Tomáš Jan Baťa (September 17, 1914 Praha – September 1, 2008 Toronto, Canada) Head of the Company: 1946 - 1984
The production system is much closer to other companies in the market faithful to post-fordistic models, keeping the administration, research and development departments in the main economic centres and relying on production plants (rapidly decreasing) and subcontractors to produce the goods, located mainly in Asia and South America.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
system TODAY Bata Mega Store:
Bata Super Store:
Bata City Store:
area: 1500sqm
area: 300-500sqm
area: 110-150sqm
locatIion: inside city centers
locatIion: inside historic centers,
locatIion: inside historic centers,
and/or malls
malls and attractive streets of
malls and attractive streets of
Franchising
cities and municipalities with over
cities and municipalities with over
program:
100.00 town residents
100.00 town residents
- selling area (50%)
priority to capital cities
priority to capital cities
- stock room, office for
Franchising
Franchising
program:
program:
district mangers, meeting room for store managers
- selling area (90%)
(50%)
- stocking area (10%) Concept:
Shoe Innovation Center - Italy: Bata Premium Collection creates new collections for Bata house brands uses innovative technologies for P.Collection development of shoe prototypes functional product development center research on market trends in fashion industry strict attention to product standards strategic focal point for european and worlwide manufacturing process Bata factories: 33 production facilities over 22 countries production of: leather footware plastic canvas
Shoe Innovation Center - Netherlands: Industrial Footwear research center on industrial footwear development of prototypes production of industrial footwear research on new materials ans technology
Toronto
research on market developments and changes on working conditions
business philosophy: specialized in North American market supervision of SIC - Power Athletics (PAL)
Shoe Innovation Center - North America: Power Athletics Limited (PAL) development of athletic footwear development of prototypes analyse sales and latest reports research on competitors definition of target consumer definition of branding strategies selection of sourcing materials technical and managing support of sourcing chinese manufacturing facilities
Business Unit: specialized in emerging markets supervision of SIC China and Bata International Procurement Center
singapore
Shoe Innovation Center - Indonesia: Affordable high-value footwear for Tropical Climates
Lausanne
research on: technology production methods product design
Headquarters:
materials
General management of Bata Corporate
trend lifestyles
supervision of SIC Netherlands and
development of economicly oriented product
SIC Italy
creative services for manufacturing footwear
supervision of Bata International
creative services for marketing footwear
Bata outsourcing production: located specially in Asia, China directly supervised by BATA BU and SIC
Procurement Center
Bata branding: advertisements campaigns POP materials packaging product manuals Shoe Innovation Center - China:
lifestyle manuals
Sourcing from the Factory of the World
sales catalogues
control of various manufacturing sources in
shoe care projects
China
trends
development and creation of footwear for
preservation
“Factory of the World” Chima
others
BSO quality control and quality assurance standards and procedures services in all areas to the BSO companies buying or sourcing from China
Mexico? Business Unit: specialized in South American market supervision of SIC Chile
Shoe Innovation Center - Chile: Volume, Technology, Trends and Shoeline concepts SIC for Latin America market center of ideas and product development
BATA World
creation of new collections for Bata brands focus on volume, technology, trends, and shoeline concepts worldwide graphic and product design
BATA exports/outputs
worldwide marketing strategies development
BATA branding BATA imports/inputs
SOURCES Jenkins, Eric J., 1999: “Utopia Inc., Czech culture and bata shoe company architecture and garden cities” | Cohen, Jean-Louis: “Zlín. An industrial republic” | www.bata.com
- stocking area(30%)
- family store
- boutique store
- assited and self-service
- full service
- visual merchandising focused on
- accurate visual merchandising
the customer
shoe innovation center Europe (SICE)
- selling area (70%) principles:
Despite that it is Bata cities were able original urban layout development after the
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
interesting to realize how to remain faithful to its on one hand continuing their company left,
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
Specializing in areas related to Bata times like Zlín – today a sustainable and stable city,
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
specialized in teaching mechanical engineering and rubber industry.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
Another characteristic is the development of a sense of community so enhanced by Tomas Bata. In East Tilbury, even after the closing of the company, former workers chose to remain in the area, founded the Bata Reminiscence Centre to perpetuate Bata memory.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
Despite the fact that the settlement still remains relatively isolated from the surrounding area it managed to survive due to former workers effort to remain in the place and preserve its community sense. The former production plant is a new modest industrial park,
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
some few informal commercial activities are spread around the former communal area.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
Residents are very keen in maintaining their houses impeccable.
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
After being classified as conservation area, East Tilbury has not been frozen in time, its in decay still able to testify the order of past, but for how long. The question that remains is: can it be more than a urban relic?
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
I AM NO FRIEND OF WAITING Morning of July 12th 1932, seven minutes before his plane crashed
THANK YOU
IMAGE INDEX 1.BATA vs Thames Gateway – Bauhaus Kolleg XII 2.BATA logo - Bauhaus Kolleg XII 3.Bata World - The birth of an empire: 1894-1929 - Bauhaus Kolleg XII 4.Torso of a block of houses between the peace square and Tomas Bata Av. With the inscriptions “We´re Building Greater Zlín”, We´re Tearing Down the Last Century”, and We´re Carrying Out the Zoning Plan”, Zlín 1934 (76) - A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín-Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis. 5.Bata World - The bloom: 1930-1945 - Bauhaus Kolleg XII 6.Bata World – Bata Timeline - Bauhaus Kolleg XII 7.Map of Zlín 1918 – Private Archive of Jitka Ressova 8.Map of Zlín 1931 – Private Archive of Jitka Ressova 9.Map of Zlín 1944 – Private Archive of Jitka Ressova 10.Map of Zlín 2001 – Private Archive of Jitka Ressova 11.Bata World – Disconnect/Ressurect: 1946-1964 - Bauhaus Kolleg XII 12.Zlín: aerial view (1285) – Private Archive of Pavel Novak (head architect of the city of Zlín): Conversion of abandoned industrial premises in the town of Zlín – urban structure, International Workshop 20th – 28th October 2001, Brno University-Faculty of Architecture, Technische Universitat Wien-Institut fur Kunstgeschichte Denkmaplflege und Industriearcheologie; 13.Zlín: aerial view with notes (1214) – Private Archive of Pavel Novak (head architect of the city of Zlín): Conversion of abandoned industrial premises in the town of Zlín – urban structure, International Workshop 20th – 28th October 2001, Brno University-Faculty of Architecture, Technische Universitat Wien-Institut fur Kunstgeschichte Denkmaplflege und Industriearcheologie; 14.View of Batanagar assembly line (107) - The Decade first of Batanagar, Jan Baros, forward by M.L.Khaitan, 1945, published by The Club for the graduates of Bata School, Batanagar – Zlín Archive; 15.A view of Batanagar workshops (7198) -The Decade first of Batanagar, Jan Baros, forward by M.L.Khaitan, 1945, published by The Club for the graduates of Bata School, Batanagar – Zlín Archive; 16.Batanagar, assembly line (7684) – Photo Book Batanagar, Zlín Archive; 17.The Bata System: Management - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 18.The Bata System (8686) – East Tilbury Handbook – British Bata Shoe Company Limited – East Tilbury, Essex, Chairman: Brigadier – General E.L.Spears, M.P., Managing Director: Mr. Victor E. Schmidt, 1933; 19.Employees of two standard batanagar Workshops producing shoes (7203) - The Decade first of Batanagar, Jan Baros, forward by M.L.Khaitan, 1945, published by The Club for the graduates of Bata School, Batanagar – Zlín Archive; 20.The first conference of Bata shop managers from all over India which was held in Luknow on March 7th and 8th, 1934 (7146) - The Decade first of Batanagar, Jan Baros, forward by M.L.Khaitan, 1945, published by The Club for the graduates of Bata School, Batanagar – Zlín Archive; 21.Access Control (8716) – Cestovní Zprávny Tilbury Hellocourt 1936, Volcík Josef; 22.Daily life in East Tilbury - Bata swiming pool | Community House | Young men of the Hostel - East Tilbury Handbook – British Bata Shoe Company Limited – East Tilbury, Essex, Chairman: Brigadier – General E.L.Spears, M.P., Managing Director: Mr. Victor E. Schmidt, 1933; 23.Pictures from the procession at the Bata Annual Athletic Sports | At the sports ground. Usually three hundred athletes compete in about twenty athletic events (7230) - The Decade first of Batanagar, Jan Baros, forward by M.L.Khaitan, 1945, published by The Club for the graduates of Bata School, Batanagar – Zlín Archive; 24.Batanagar News: Five Thousands Rupees prize to the winner of the contest for “Invention and Replacement of the rubber shoe sole” (7255) - The Decade first of Batanagar, Jan Baros, forward by M.L.Khaitan, 1945, published by The Club for the graduates of Bata School, Batanagar – Zlín Archive; 25.Working at Bata (7263) - The Decade first of Batanagar, Jan Baros, forward by M.L.Khaitan, 1945, published by The Club for the graduates of Bata School, Batanagar – Zlín Archive; 26.The Bata System: Production - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 27.Bata World – Bata Cities - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 28.The Bata System: Communication - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 29.Bata Messages… 30.East Tilbury Newspaper (9296) – Zlín Archive; 31.Workers from the Bata hosiery plant in front of a radio speaker during a break from 9 to
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
32.Cinema Advertising (dscn2452) – Bata Reminiscence Centre Archive; 33.Bata Advertisement: Bata-Elegance, Quality, Economy | Bata-Beautiful Premieres - http:// www.internationalposter.com; 34.Bata Advertisement: Bata-Swiss Production | Bata-visit our pedicure shop - http://www. internationalposter.com; 35.Plans for the Olymic department store, Pague, 1926, by Jaromír Krecar (78) | Bata department store, Wesceslas square, Prague, 1927-30, by F.L.Gahura (60) - A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín-Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis; 36.The Bata System: Planning - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 37.The Bata administrative building - Building nº21, Zlín, by V.Karfík, 1936-39 (64) - A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín-Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis; 38.The Bata System: Building Typologies- Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 39.Zlín aerial view – Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 40.Zlín aerial view – Labour Square - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 41.Zlín aerial view – Labour Square - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 42.Zlín aerial view – Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 43.Zlín aerial view – Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 44.R.H.Pozemní, draft plan for an industrial city of 3000 people, tropical variant (118) - A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín-Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis; 45.Batov, Otrokovice, general development plan, by F.L.Gahura, 1930, plan view (120) - A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín-Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis; 46.Mohlin, zoning plan of a factory and housing estate, by Antonín Vítek, 1937, plan view (127) - A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín-Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis; 47.Batovany, lan-use plan, by J.Vozenílek, 1946 (125) - A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín-Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis; 48.Batanagar, plan view (BATA XV 1114a) – Zlín digital archive; 49.East Tilbury, plan view (BATA XV 1108) - Zlín digital archive; 50.Bata World: Site Comparison - East Tilbury - general zooning - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 51.Bata World: Site Comparison - East Tilbury – production timeline - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 52.Bata World: Site Comparison - East Tilbury – production timeline with buildings - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 53.Bata World: Site Comparison - East Tilbury – Housing timeline - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 54.Bata World: Site Comparison - East Tilbury – Housing timeline with buildings - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 55.East Tilbury – aerial view 1934 - phase construction one – Bata Reminiscence Centre Archive; 56.East Tilbury – aerial view 1938 - phase construction two – Bata Reminiscence Centre Archive; 57.East Tilbury – aerial view 1952 - phase construction three – Bata Reminiscence Centre Archive; 58.East Tilbury – aerial view 1960 – Bata Reminiscence Centre Archive; 59.East Tilbury – production plant – Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 60.East Tilbury – production plant – Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 61.East Tilbury – Housing Bata Avenue – Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 62.East Tilbury – Housing North of Coronation Avenue – Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 63.East Tilbury – communal buildings – Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 64.Bata World – The New Expansion 1965-2010 - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 65.Bata System – Production System Today - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 66.Zlín photo - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 67.Zlín photo - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 68.Zlín photo - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 69.Zlín photo - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 70.Zlín photo - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 71.Bata Reminiscence Centre - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 72.Thames Industrial Park - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 73.East Tilbury informal commercial activity - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 74.East Tilbury houses conservation - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 75.East Tilbury – Bata Logo on Water Tank - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011
architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities
work developed by Susana Soares Saraiva and Nadia Frolova for Bauhaus Kolleg XII