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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
GST: What kind of impact it could make on Indian feed industry?
S
everal years of debate, dispute and finally the perseverance shown by the present govt. has
finally culminated in Indian Parliament Publisher & Editor Prachi Arora prachi.a@benisonmedia.com
passing the biggest ever indirect tax reform , the GST or Goods and Services Tax Bill. It is generally predicted to be a leap forward to improve the business in India, doing away
Managing Editor
with the plethora of taxes like VAT, CSI, Services Tax, Excise,
Dr. T.K. Walli Former Head, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI
Entry Tax, Purchase Tax, and Central Excise Tax and so on, so as to transform nation into a single market. In this system, the end customer shall bear only the GST charged by the last
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Designing & Marketing Ashwani Verma info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
dealer in the supply chain, with set of benefits at all the previous stages. Regarding the impact of GST on feed industry, no one has a very clear idea about it at present. However, there is a need to study the GST Bill in details vis a vis feed industry. Food safety
Circulation & Subscription Head Pawan Kumar info@benisonmedia.com
as well as feed safety, with which the feed industry is directly as well as indirectly involved, along with traceability, happens to be the burning issue at present, since this is an issue which is non negotiable. Only the safe feed for animals can produce
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale Former Chairman, CLFMA of India Mr. Amit Sachdev Indian Representative, US Grain Council Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand US Soybean Export Council Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition, MAFSU, Parbhani Dr. SN Mohanty Former Principal Scientist, CIFA Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta Agricultural Economist Dr. Swamy Haladi Feed Additive Expert Dr. R Gnana Sekar Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu
safer animal origin food for humans. If we cannot pay any heed to feed safety, then it may be difficult to step up our production of foods of animal origin. Because as our population is becoming more and more conscious about safety of foods, FDI shall come in a big way and flood Indian markets with safer feed as well as safer foods of animal origin. GST is definitely going to bring in transparency as how the raw material is coming from for the final product. Sh. Vijay Sardana very beautifully brought out these points for the benefit of the delegates who attended recently concluded CLFMA Symposium held in Kolkata on 2nd and 3rd Sept., 2016. Best thing would be that CLFMA should set up a committee of experts to look into the pros and cons of the GST Bill, with respect to its impact on the future of Indian feed industry and the foods of animal origin. Dr. TK Walli
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Monthly Magazine for Feed & Feed Technology
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
Vollume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015
Contents 20
18 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
24
PELLETING TIPS
05 Novel process to develop fishmeal substitute
16 The Science of Pelleting
INDUSTRY THOUGHTS 08 Corn industry needs to be redesigned as an enterprise
INTERVIEW 20 Understanding the Feed Economics
ARTICLE
MARKET PROJECTION
28 Feed Phytogenics- A revolution in the feed industry
12 Feed Safety : a Priority or a Value STORAGE TIPS
12 Management lessons for extended grain storage
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R&D
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
Novel process to develop fishmeal substitute
Bill Gibbons, an industrial microbiologist and professor at South Dakota State University says the fact is the world needs to double its food production in the next 20 to 30 years, and fish is likely to be an increasingly important source of protein. Shellfish and fish consumption are on the rise, in part because of improving standards of living in parts of the world, and in part because of a feed conversion for fish. Hence, the price of feed ingredient has been increasing rapidly as demands increases while supply remains stagnant. Traditionally, aquaculture has been heavily dependent on increasingly expensive fishmeal as a protein source, accounting for 40 to 50 percent of the total feed for aquaculture. In the 1960s, the chicken and hog industries consumed most of the fishmeal. By 2010, nearly 80 percent of the world fishmeal went to aquaculture.
Fishmeal prices have increased from $700 per ton in 2004 to $2,000 per ton and some experts say it will go to $3,000 per ton within five years. The newly designed feed ingredient is considered as a sustainable, alternative to fishmeal. The soy-based feed ingredient uses a microbial enhancement process to improve available protein levels in soybean meal. The problem is the plant-based feeds have fiber and anti-nutritional factors irritate stomachs of fish, and can even kill them. In 2010, Gibbons did some limited trials and found the organisms were effective in reducing the sugar and fiber levels, and boosted the protein levels significantly. On a dry matter basis, conventional soybean meal yields about 50 to 52 percent protein. Gibbons' process boosts that level to almost 70 percent. “With fishmeal, for every pound of protein going in, the fish use about 78 percent of that and convert that into fish,” Gibbons said. “In our trials, almost 100 percent of that going in, ending up in the fish.” That not only cuts fish food costs, but it also means nutrients that aren't absorbed by the fish don't go into the water. There is a global race to create new fish foods for the aquaculture business. Raw soybean meal costs $400 per ton. By adding another $400 to $500 per ton in processing costs, the product likely can compete in the market at $1,500 per ton. Source: prairie
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Prairie AquaTech is developing an enhanced microbial conversion to produce high-protein feed that is converted into pellets for aquaculture.
05
INDUSTRY NEWS
Import of Soybean recovering in China China's soybean imports are likely to rebound in the fourth quarter as seasonal demand rises and processors in the world's biggest buyer look to replenish supplies after lower-thanexpected sales from state stockpiles, according to industry analysts. Sales from state reserves have totaled just 1.1 million metric tons, compared with expectations for 3-4 million tons, said Li Lifeng, an analyst with industry portal cofeed.com. China's imports dropped 13 percent from a year earlier in the two months to July to 15.3 million tons as demand from hog breeders declined because of flood damage. They may fall below 6 million tons a month in September and October as crushers had cut orders in anticipation of higher stockpile sales, said Yang Linqin, an analyst with Cofco Futures Co. “Sales from state reserves were lower than expected and sales in coming weeks will stay low," Yang said.
That's likely to boost imports from the U.S. and may support benchmark prices in Chicago, which have been pressured by expectations for a record harvest. Soybeans for November delivery on the Chicago Board of Trade have fallen 17 percent from their closing high this year on June 10, while the most-active contract in Dalian has fallen about 1.7 percent over the same period. “U.S. exports to China in the fourth quarter will recover significantly from “Crushers need to replenish stocks last year, when its market share was after a shortfall of imports in squeezed by South American supplies,” September and October,” just as Yang said. seasonal demand increases, Li said. “The state reserves are of poor quality and oil content is low. The soybeans have been stored for too long.” Price Support Imports from Brazil, the world's largest supplier, fell 6.2 percent in July from the year before and will continue to slide for the rest of the year as drought there forces local crushers to halt production. Imports from the U.S. are down 7.1 percent so far this year.
Brazil exported 25 percent more soy to China in 2015, taking nearly half of China's total imports while shipments from the U.S. fell 5.4 percent, giving it a market share of 35 percent, official customs data showed. Domestic demand for soy meal, a major feed ingredient and byproduct of soy crushing, is also recovering from a weak performance in July, said Cofco's Yang. Source: bloomberg
Thai Union with feed enters in Indonesian shrimp sector
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Thai Union Group is eyeing a move into the shrimp sector in Indonesia via the feed business, according to analysts following the company.
06
During an analysts meeting after the company's second quarter results, Thai Union reportedly said it has been looking at getting into the shrimp sector in the country, which has not been impacted by early mortality syndrome (EMS), unlike Thailand. “So, they will enter into Indonesia with shrimp feed and then processing later. But, no timeline was provided,” said the analyst. "It sounds like a greenfield given that the management suggested a shortage of shrimp processing capacity in Indonesia," he added. "We have learned a lot from our partnership in India, and we look forward to applying those learnings in other markets," said a Thai Union spokesperson.
Expanding first into a new country with the feed business is the same way Thai Union has got into India. First, the company invested in Avanti Feeds, an Indian shrimp feed producer. In 2012, Thai Union increased its stake in the Indian feed processor from 15% to 25.12%. Then, Thai Union has established a processing joint venture with the Indian firm. In an interview in May, Rittirong Boonmechote, who run's Thai Union's global shrimp business told that Indonesia, Bangladesh and Myanmar are all countries the company is “studying” for possible deals. All three countries have raw material that fits Thai Union's profile. Indonesia is a big producer of vannamei and black tiger shrimp, with Bangladesh also a producer of black tiger. Myanmar is seen as possible country in which to develop shrimp farming and processing.
“Indonesia is interesting, but Bangladesh is more difficult. After study, we may invest, or not,” he said. “It is maybe too early for Bangladesh, now. But, it is also a big market for freshwater fish. They have big consumption, with a 160m population.” Myanmar is also “very interesting for us”, he said. “We are studying. Maybe it is too early to invest, we need some clearer picture about the new government policy.” For Boonmechote, the EMS crisis in the Thai shrimp sector was a harsh lesson, he said in a previous interview. The diversification to production in India and also the desire to look at deals in other producing countries, such as Indonesia and Bangladesh is a part of risk management strategy of the company. Source: Undercurrent
INDUSTRY THOUGHTS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
Corn industry needs to be redesigned as an enterprise Dr. Ashok Dalwai, Director of Agriculture & Cooperation, Krishi Bhawan
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
As India crosses half way of the twentyfirst century, with a human count of more than 1.5 billion, it will be called upon to meet the challenge of producing more from lesser land area. While the nation would be expected to meet the growing demand for food, fodder & feed, it would also be expected to ensure higher income for a substantive section of the society deriving its principle income from the agriculture sector.
08
Even with reducing share of agriculture sector in the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country (in terms of ratio), it would be occupying a prominent place in the Indian economy in terms of its size of agri-GDP. Hence, the agriculture sector has to be redesigned as an enterprise, where net return becomes the basis of farming as a profession. The growth trends of agriculture & allied sector over the last decade show, that while growth of field crops has tended to plateau, still within the field crops existing yield gaps can be bridged, particularly in certain parts of the country – rainfed & hilly areas, as also
the Eastern India as a block. Since the initiation of green revolution in the mid-1960s in India, wheat & paddy have assumed leadership position and the two together contribute 200 million metric tonnes (mmts) of the total cereal output of about 236 mmts. Paddy is a water guzzler, on account of which even well endowed areas like Punjab and Western Uttar Pradesh, the major producers of paddy are beginning to face water stress. Hence, Indian policy makers need to analyse the cropmatrix and promote those more suited to conservationagriculture and resilient to climate change. Maize is one such hardy crop that bears scope for promotion in India. Versatility of maize The maize in India is cultivated throughout the year in different parts of the country for various purposes and is also amenable to adaptation to situations arising from the vagaries of climate since it is a C4 crop. It holds greater potential for higher productivity and sustainability if suitable research interventions are made. It has the highest genetic yield potential among the foodgrain crops. Global & national status of maize Globally, maize is raised on nearly 150 million hectares in about 160 countries having wide diversity of soil, climate, biodiversity and management practices and accounts for nearly 37 per cent (782 mmts) of the global grain production. At global level, with its highest productivity
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
both in India and world over, tapping of alternate sources of energy assumes significant importance. In this regard, bio-fuel from maize holds distinct potential. Presently, US is already using 30 per cent of its maize for bio-fuel production. In India, 23 per cent of total production of maize is used as human food. From net return comparisons, it is clear that use of maize in ethanol production fetches better returns to the farmer. This has the potential of impacting food security, if current level of supply-demand position is taken into account. Based on the following assumptions, net returns that emerge are shown in Tables A and B. Assumptions:
& production, it surpasses both wheat and rice.
i)
Figures used for calculation of net profit for maize as grain production and as ethanol production have been taken as: 25 kg. maize produces 10 litre of ethanol, and by-products, namely 8 kg. of Dry Distillers Grain Soluble (DDGS) & 8 kg. Of CO2*
ii)
The recovery of ethanol has been reported as 22 to 40 per cent from maize depending upon the processing method used. Presuming that latest and efficient technology is being used, the yield expected is 36 per cent ethanol from maize grains
In India, it is the third most important cereal, after rice and wheat. Since the year 1950, area under maize has increased from 3.31 to 9.0 million iii) Income to the farmers from maize is estimated by hectares and production from 1.73 mmts presuming, that he produces ethanol on his farm to 24.4 mmts in 2013-14. The increase (which actually does not happen), and net returns has been very rapid in the last decade have been calculated and presented in Table B. The owing to increase in productivity and net return from maize grains as presented in Table A expansion of area in Andhra Pradesh, has been calculated based on an average yield of 25 Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. q/ha. and MSP rate notified for Kharif 2016 It is estimated, that the county will iv) There are many other cost effective sources for continue to see increased demand for ethanol productions such as sugarcane, sorghum, maize because of its diversified uses and molasses, cassava and potato. growing population. Adopting scienceTables A and B bring out, that returns from value addition based technological intervention like by ethanol production from maize at INR 25,300/- ha. is single cross hybrid (SCH) technology and higher than that from grain production at INR 10,600/application of novel molecular tools & ha. This is likely to incentivize the farmers to prefer use of techniques will help in production maize for ethanol production over its use as human food. enhancement.
Other than grain, maize is also cultivated for various purposes like quality protein maize and other special purposes known as speciality corn. The various speciality corn types are QPM, baby corn, sweet corn, pop corn, waxy corn, high oil corn etc. Corn as a bio-fuel crop With increasing energy consumption
Uses of Maize
In India Globally
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Human Food
Feed
Industrial Starch & Others
Seeds
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As seen in Chart-1, maize is recognized as an important industrial crop, as 83 per cent of the total produce is used in starch & feed industries. It is also well recognized, that with increasing demand, maize will continue to place itself as an important cereal.
09
INDUSTRY THOUGHTS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
Considering that food and nutrition security are the first concern in a country with growing population, exploiting the potential of maize as a source of bio-fuel will call for increased foodgrain ii. production. It has to be a cautious approach. Increasing maize production Since 1950, a total of 212 hybrids and 119 composites of maize have been released that cater to the need of farmers in different production ecologies of various states. Between 1951-55 and 2011-14, the productivity of maize has increased from 700 kgs/ha. to 2600 kgs/ha. Yet, this does not compare well with high productivity levels achieved in other major maize producing countries which are as high has 10,732.6 kgs. in USA, 5,997.9 kgs. in China, 6,472.2 kgs. in Brazil. The world average is as high as 5,572.9 kgs./ha. indicating the yield gap that India needs to bridge. It is anticipated, that by 2050 maize production will go up by 3.25 times the current achievement of 24.3 mmts, productivity by 2.2 times the current level of 2,600 kgs/ha and area by 1.4 times the current hactarage of 9.0 million. Considering the potential of maize it would be gainful to achieve higher productivity and meet the multiple demands. Some easy initiatives are: i.
Promoting Rabi maize cultivation Rabi maize as an alternative is gaining popularity, because of higher yield potential. The success
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A. Net returns from maize grain production Crop Current Average MSP for Gross Net average cost of Kharif returns returns yield cultivation 2016 (Rs./ha.) (Rs./ha.) (q/ha.) (Rs./ha.) (Rs./q.)
10
Maize
25
23,525
1,365
34,125
10,600
B. Net returns from maize when ethanol is produced Crop / Product Based calculations Unit cost of for ethanol prod. ethanol prod. Using grain weight of (Rs./litre) 2500 kg yield /ha.
of rabi/winter maize is due to sunny days, long growing season, dry and cool temperatures which are more favourable to the crop growth, while simultaneously being less favourable to the pest. Adoption of single cross hybrids (SCH) – In comparison to open pollinated varieties (OPVs) and multi-parent crosses, adoption of SCH will yield higher productivity.
Bridging yield gaps and realizing incremental gains by improved management practices may not be enough in the long run. Hence, harnessing the potential of science to realize breakthrough technology is a must. Abiotic and Biotic constraints - role of new technology Improving the genetic potential of Indian maize would continue to be a major challenge. Today, hybrids with high yield potential of upto 14 tonnes/ha are available, but it is difficult to achieve even half the potential on account of high incidence of biotic and abiotic stresses at farm level. Hence, the major challenge in germplasm enhancement lies in introducing stress tolerance traits. While development of high yielding cultivars with built-in resistance against stresses is itself daunting, it becomes all the more challenging due to unpredictability of plantpest-natural enemies interaction in the context of changing climate. Maize seed, grain and processed maize products are highly vulnerable to stored grain pests. Protection in field and in godowns in sync with maize agro-ecosystem is yet another challenge. Hence, traditional methods of crop improvement alone are not sufficient and the recent advances in molecular breeding and genomics have to be integrated with conventional approaches for substantive gain. Conclusions Science and technology, therefore, hold great potential in the world's ability to achieve high productivity on a sustainable basis. India too can take full advantage of such frontier technology in increasing the production of maize and make it available to the industrial and bio-fuel sector after meeting the demand from food, fodder and feed sectors. Detailed article is available on the official website
Total cost of production (Rs./ha)
Gross income (in Rs.) (sale price of parenthesis)
Net returns (Rs./ha.)
Maize ethanol
900 litre
Rs.25/litre
22,500
37,800 (Rs.42/lit)
15300
Dry Distillers Grain Solubles (DDGS)
800 kg.
By- product
2,000 (transport and drying cost)
Rs.8,000/(Rs.10/kg.)
6,000
CO2
800 kg.
By- product
By product
Rs.4,000/(Rs.5/kg.)
4,000
TOTAL
--
--
Rs.24,500
Rs.49,800
Rs.25,300
ARTICLE
Image Source: SKOV
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
Feed Safety : a Priority or a Value Johan den Hartog, GMP+ International
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
The Hardware of Feed Safety Assurance
12
Feed companies spend a lot of effort and money to control the safety of their products, in order to satisfy their customers and to reduce financial risks. Quality management systems are introduced, improvements in buildings and machineries are realized, records are kept, performances are monitored and results are analyzed and evaluated to induce further improvements. When a company introduces a feed safety assurance system, a third party carries out an independent compliance assessment with normative standards on a regular base. These assessments by means of audits are carried out according to certain methodologies and with well-
defined tools. All these facilities, methods and tools are the 'hardware' side of the feed safety assurance system. However, the human-factor cannot be neglected or underestimated. Human factor The human factor is about the people operating in the certified companies on a daily basis. A precondition is that these people are equipped with Figure 1: Human errors and the causes
Human Errors Occurences
Individual 30%
Equipment Failures 20%
Human Factors 80%
Latest Organization Weaknesses 70%
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
the proper knowledge and competences.
compare this with it, so we cannot conclude that it is low, normal or high.
Knowledge about the own products and processes but also about their service providers. Additionally, staff needs to understand risk assessment methodologies, etc. This knowledge can be obtained by professional education and regular training. Because not each person in a company knows everything, cooperation in a (HACCP) team is important to bring all knowledge and experiences together.
Surely, people make mistakes. But why do we make mistakes or cause errors? Is it the individual's fault? Latent organizational weaknesses include work processes, and, as figure 1 shows, such work processes usually are an important factor behind human failures. That could be also the cause of the human failure, but it depends on the frequency of the errors and whether it is culpably or not.
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It is important that an organization and individuals are willing to learn from mistakes. A pre-condition is to avoid blaming in case of incidental mistakes. Blaming will result in hiding future mistakes instead of learning Human failure or error from it. The clue is a root cause analysis to obtain keys A feed safety incident could be caused for improvement. by a human failure or error. GMP+ Organizational Culture International has an Early Warning A not-blaming atmosphere in a company is all about System (EWS), where GMP+ FSA the culture of organization. Culture is about the certified companies must notify GMP+ human factor influencing the functionality of a feed International when specific feed safety safety management system. That is called feed safety limits are exceeded. The cause of the culture. Feed and food safety is more than just a contamination is always system, it is also about culture. This issue is clearly investigated.In 2015, in about 10% of addressed by Mr. Frank Yiannas in his publication the EWS cases “human failure” was “Food Safety Culture - Creating a Behavior-Based Food mentioned. There is no reference to Safety Management System” (2010).
13
ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
Although this publication is mainly
and execute their daily tasks within a feed-making
focused on the US food industry and
environment. Culture is learned by becoming part of
on microbiology, one statement is
an organization and being immersed in the behavior
extremely relevant. That statement
of the members or the organization. An organization
that: �food safety is not a priority; it
with a value system founded on trust and an
must be a value�.
understanding of the importance of safety will have a
Feed Safety; a Priority or a Value?
positive feed safety culture. Each person within the
When an entrepreneur considers feed safety assurance as a priority, it can be high or low depending on other (often short term) priorities and financial situation. However, if an entrepreneur considers the production of safe feed as a company value, feed safety assurance is always applicable at the same level of urgency. Then it becomes a driving force for daily
organization is involved. The management of a company is mostly determining the company culture. The mind-set of a manager influences the mind-set of all employees. When a manager prevails earning money above assuring the safety of the products or service delivered to customers, it can result in risky behavior. For instance, in co-mingling inferior products with a higher or unknown risk profile with products with a proper quality level. Cultural dimensions by country
Culture within an organization is also highly influenced long term continuity. A company value by the dominant culture in society. This can differ from country to country, making it difficult for managers to determines the behavior of the develop and implement a proper feed safety employees in the daily operations. culture.(see figure 2). Realizing this can be a starting Many feed & food safety incidents are position for a change process. caused by a lack of responsible In this regard, the management of a company should behavior of employees (Griffith, 2008). take the lead in changing the culture by determining The roles of Management and proper values and beliefs and by complying with it in their own daily operations and making of decisions, Employees Feed safety culture truly boils down to showing societal responsibility, being accountable, reliable and credible. how employees think about, approach, operations and the focus is on the
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Figure 2: Cultural dimensions in several countries
14
Management lessons for extended grain storage
kill insects under the floor or in aeration ducts if an infestation occurred during the previous year. Also, consider applying an approved residual bin spray and a grain protectant to repel potential insect infestations if storing grain during warmer portions of the year.
“The outer layer of a grain kernel is the pericarp, or seed coat, and provides protection for the kernel. If the pericarp is damaged, the kernel is more susceptible to mold growth and insect infestations. This reduces the expected storage life of the grain,” said NDSU Extension Service agricultural engineer Ken Hellevang.
Mold growth requires moist conditions, usually above about 70 percent relative humidity, and warm temperatures. To reduce the potential for mold growth, the grain moisture content should be below the equilibrium moisture content (EMC), at 60 to 65 percent relative humidity.
Broken kernels and foreign material should be removed by cleaning the grain before storing it. Segregation based on size and density occurs as grain flows into storage. Fines accumulate in the middle unless a functioning distributor spreads them throughout the grain. Unloading some grain from the center of the bin will remove some of the fines and help level the grain in the bin. Also, immature kernels have a much shorter expected storage life. Grain test weight may be an indicator of maturity and storability. Assure that the storage facility is clean and insects are not living in aeration ducts, under perforated floors, or in handling equipment or debris around the facility. Fumigate the empty bin to
Grain going into long-term storage should be dried and cooled rapidly after harvest. The allowable storage time (AST) is an estimate of the life of the grain until it has deteriorated enough to affect grain quality. The AST is cumulative, so if one-half of the storage life is used before the grain has been dried and cooled, only about onehalf of the life is available for the drier grain. “Controlling grain temperature is critical for maintaining grain quality,” Hellevang says. “Insect reproduction is reduced below about 70 degrees F, insects are dormant below about 50 degrees F, and insects are killed if grain is below 30 degrees F for a few weeks.”
difference occurs between the grain and average outdoor temperature. Therefore, the grain should be cooled with aeration when you have a 10- to 15-degree F difference between grain and average outdoor temperatures. The bin vents could ice over when the aeration system is operated near or below 32 degrees F. Utilize a sensor to stop the aeration fan if bin roof pressures become excessive, or leave access doors open to serve as pressure relief valves if operating the aeration system near freezing temperatures to reduce the potential for damaging the roof. Advice for long-term grain storage: -
Check the grain at least every two weeks until it has been cooled for winter storage and every two to four weeks during the winter
-
Verify that the moisture content is at the recommended storage level
-
Check the grain temperature
-
Inspect for insects
-
Look for indications of storage problems such as condensation on the roof
“Using temperature cables or sensors to monitor grain temperature is encouraged, but remember that because grain is a good insulator, the
Moisture migration increases the
temperature can be different just a few
moisture content at the top of the bin
feet from the sensor,” Hellevang added.
when about a 20-degree F temperature
Source: North Dakota State University
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Some grain will be stored for many months or even more than a year due to low grain prices, so maintaining grain quality during extended storage will require extra care and management, according to North Dakota State University's grain storage expert.
Image source: machineto
STORAGE TIPS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
15
PELLETING TIPS
Image Source: wikipedia
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
The Science of Pelleting Keith C. Behnke, Professor, Kansas University
P
elleting converts a finely ground blend of ingredients into dense, free flowing agglomerates (pellets). It is a fairly expensive process in terms of both capital and variable costs, but the expense is usually justified in improved
plant profit as well as animal performance. The article will further discuss the pelleting process in terms of operations and describe how the success or failure of the operation can impact profits as well as animal performance. The Process
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The formation of the pellet actually occurs at the "nip" between the rolls and the die. All other activities associated with the operation such as conditioning, cooling, etc. really support and augment the action at that point in the system. In order to understand the process and be in a position to make intelligent decision to improve throughput, quality or appearance, one must have a thorough understanding of what happens at the nip point. Figure 1 is a representation of the die-roll assembly to understand the process.
16
Depending upon the physical characteristics of the feed, a lesser or greater proportion of the work done by the pellet mill is used for compression. For example, if the formula contains a high level of fibrous ingredients such as bagasse, bran, or ground alfalfa, the mill will expend a large amount of energy simply compressing the mash to the density of the subsequent pellet. Conversely, for a relatively dense feed such as high grain and soy meal, the mill will expend a lesser amount of energy for compression and a greater amount for throughput. The primary purpose of the roll is to provide a force on the mash to densify the feed and cause it to flow
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 |2Issue 1111 | September 2016 Think Grain Think Feed - Volume | Issue | September 2016
he ranked feed ingredients in their pelletability and degree or abrasiveness. Bartikoski (1962) experimented with applying numerical value to each major (feed) ingredient to indicate its "stickiness" or its ability to help form a tough, durable pellet. He called that value a "stick factor" and fed that factor into the computer along with the various nutritive values of each ingredient to provide formulas that meet all nutritional specifications as well as supplying a formula that will produce a quality pellet at least cost. Those experiment led to the development of a standard method for testing pellet durability which provided a means of quantifying the toughness of pellets or their ability to withstand the downstream handling that is typical in feed plants and feed delivery systems. Particle Size
The die provides, not only the final diameter of the pellet, but the resistance force on the feed and has a direct influence on throughput rate and pellet quality. These two forces (roll and die) are opposite each other, but must work together to provide quality pellets at an acceptable production rate. The force generated by the roll must be greater than the resistive force provided by the die; if not, throughput is zero. Pellet Quality Pellet quality is equated to the ability of pellets to withstand repeated handling without excessive breakage or fines generation. There are many factors that affect pellet quality, following are few discussed in some detail
formulation
ingredient particle size
mash conditioning Formulation
There are feedstuff materials that pellet well and produce a durable pellet and others that will not. MacBain (1966) developed a pelletability chart in which
Mash Conditioning Many researchers have proven that pellet durability and pelleting efficiency can be substantially improved by the proper steam conditioning of mash. Steam brings to the surface of pellet mash particles the natural oils which are common to most grains and provides lubrication of the pellet die reducing wear on the die and roller assembly and increasing production rates (Behnke, 1990). In some instances, thorough conditioning may be counterproductive from the standpoint of pellet durability. If the material slips through the die too easily, dwell time in the die hole is reduced causing the pellet to be less durable, and the starch gelatinization caused by the heat and friction in the die may be reduced. Stevens (1987) conducted extensive research into the phenomenon of starch gelatinization during the feed pelleting process by pelleting corn that was hammermill
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toward the die. The gap between the roll and the die, the roll surface characteristics and the physical properties of the mash determine how great this potential force might be.
Optimum particle size for best pelleting results has been a matter of controversy for almost as long as feeds have been pelleted. Young (1960) found no significant differences in pellet durability when he experimented with feed rations containing 40, 60, and 70 percent ground corn or grain sorghum when the grain portions were ground coarse, medium, and fine. While the research cited may seem to provide conflicting results, there is overwhelming evidence that the average particle size of the ground grain portion of a ration or of the total ration (mash) affects the pelleting process - throughput and/or pellet quality. The effects, simply, are not the same under all conditions or for all rations. Grind as fine as you must for best pellet quality in your operation and with your operation and with your feed rations, but don't over grind. That is wasteful of energy, reduces production rates, adds to manufacturing costs, and may do more harm than good to the consuming animal.
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PELLETING TIPS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
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ground through a 1/8" screen. The results of the gelatinization measured in the samples taken immediately after the die are shown in Table 1. There was a negative relationship between the conditioned meal temperature and degree of gelatinization.
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The high degree of gelatinization that occurred in the outer portion of the pellet at a 23 c conditioning temperature indicated that heat and mechanical shear next to the surface of the die hole caused a substantial portion of the gelatinization at all temperatures but, especially, when there were greater temperature differentials between the conditioned meal and the pellet. There is a relationship between that temperature difference and the degree of gelatinization observed. As
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Table 1. Effect of conditioning and pellet temperatures on starch gelatinization Temperature Cond.
Pallet
Product
C
F
C
F
Gel%
Whole Pelet
23
73
69
156
41.9
Whole Pelet
43
109
76
169
37.1
Whole Pelet
63
145
82
180
33.5
Whole Pelet
80
176
84
183
28.0
Whole Pelet
23
73
69
156
58.3
Whole Pelet
80
176
84
183
25.9
the temperature differential decreased, the degree of gelatinization decreased. Stevens (ibid) suggested that the conditioning temperature of 80 c was adequate to gelatinize corn starch; however, the length of time in the pellet mill conditioner at that temperature was probably not adequate for a substantial amount of gelatinization. It would appear, from that research, that most starch gelatinization occurred as the feed material passed through the die. The temperature of conditioning mash has long been a pelleting criterion and an indication of thorough conditioning, that may, or may not, be a totally viable indicator since time at a given mash temperature will affect the conditioning, may affect the degree of gelatinization, and will certainly affect the pelletability of the mash. Conclusions There is no magic. Almost anything that is done to improve pellet quality (durability) will either increase the cost of the ration or reduce the capacity of the pelleting system, or both. Adding to the effective thickness of the die is a perfect example of the sort of trade off that can be expected, and must be recognized, in the search for improved pellet quality. Producing economically viable best pellet quality possible pellets is becoming apparent as the animal performance can be affected by poor quality pellets. There are numerous factors that affect pellet quality and many are inter-related. It takes a great deal of effort to determine what changes to make and how other aspects of the system or operation might be affected. It can be concluded pelleting is a complex issue that deserves a good deal of thought and investigation, which one learns only through day to day experience. Source: Kansas State University
INTERVIEW
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
Feed Economics
Dr. Chandrasekaran
F
irstly, on behalf of
“Think Grain Think
Feed� we would like to
congratulate you on your successful journey of more
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than three decades of
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Would you please elaborate further on role and significance of feed safety/ quality control in Feed industry? It is a well known fact that feed is the major expenditure in chicken and egg production. Maintaining the consistent quality of the feed is very important in order to ensure standard productivity of the final stuff. Feed safety has become the main criteria, not only from
dedicated service to Indian
animal point of view, but also from human point of view.
Feed Industry in general and
Because if the feed contain the residue/organism which
Poultry industry in particular.
have a deleterious effect on humans, then the entire human population eating that processed animal
In fact, you have been one of
product like egg/meat etc. is affected. Hence, food
the pioneer poultry scientists
safety should be considered with feed safety.
to create awareness on the quality assurance of poultry feed, which subsequently revolutionized the poultry industry in the country.
Please share your views about the challenges faced by Indian feed industry. What kind of future trends do you expect in improving feed quality? With regard to the challenges faced by the Indian feed industry, I must say that it is passing through a very critical juncture presently. Cereals and oil meal production in our country for the past 7 years is constant or declining, whereas the growth in the poultry industry ranges between 5-10 per cent, thus, adding more pressure on the raw material front. We are really
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
struggling to maintain the feed quality
from 43% to 52%, consequently the fibre content varies
as we are forced to accept the feed
between 6 and 8%. It is the same with other protein
ingredients as per their availability in
meals. Similarly, the quality of corn is also highly
the market. Because of this, feed
variable. One litre weight (bulk density) varied from
quality as well as feed safety is
720gms to 800gms, indicating the variability in the ME
becoming the major constraint in the
value. This forces the poultry feed manufacturer to alter
growth of a healthy industry in India.
the formulation very often, in order to maintain the
Would you please give a comparative productivity and FCR. statement of changing feed
How do you compare feed manufacturing
economics in broiler and layer
technology in India today as compared to that of
industry during the last decade?
developed nations?
The table indicates the increase feed
There was a wide gap in the earlier years but now the
price was several times higher than the
differences have been narrowed down, as the quality of increase in the product rate. Further the our machinery has improved over the years. The major other overheads increase was not snag is the quality of the raw materials. The fungal always linear but sometimes
count in maize ranges from 1 to 10 per cent acceptable
exponential, leading to severe loss to
norm is less than 2 per cent. The number of grains in
the poultry farmers. The stability in the
100gms of maize ranged between 350 to 400 and the
rates of egg and chicken in the last two
majority were above 375, indicating that ME value will
years was mainly due to closure of
be less than 3300kcal/kg. It is similar with other
farms and in some cases due to
ingredients. Bag to bag variation is the major problem
reduction in their capacity.
causing high variation in the FCR. Whereas in western
You have also done research work in
countries the major advantage is consistency in the
alternative feed resources. What
grain count in 100gms, which is always less than 350,
kind of scope do you see in the
indicating the ME value to be between 3350 to
Indian market for these alternative
3400kcal/kg.
feed resources, vis a vis the
In recent past, Indian poultry industry had to go
traditional raw materials (corn and
through very tough times. As an industry expert,
soybean) on which the feed industry
what can be the solutions to cope-up with such bad
in India is still heavily dependent?
phases?
Alternative feed resources have been
Feed is hurting the industry badly, feed raw material
extensively evaluated and is being
availability is nearly constant but the broiler industry is
regularly used, but volume is not there.
growing by 7-10 per cent and layer industry is growing
In the year 2015 when soybean meal
by 5 per cent per year, further pressure is felt from dairy
cost shot up alternatively gingely cake
industry as well. Due to this, the raw material prices are
was used in Namakkal the entire stock
shooting up while eggs and chicken price is not
in Tamil Nadu was exhausted in a
increasing in tune with the feed price. Luckily in the first
weeks' time. Further, the yield potential
half of 2016, the prices of egg and chicken were good.
of these alternative ingredients are very low compared to corn and soybeans
Import of GM feed ingredients in the country is another constraint. Neighbouring countries like Sri Lanka,
hence improving the production of
ingredients comparatively at lower cost. Further more,
alternative. The major problem is the
the livestock feed in India is not free from GM products,
variability in the quality of the
we are now using the BT cotton seed and cake in not
ingredients. As an example, the protein content of the soybean meal varies
only cattle feed but de-oiled cotton seed meal is also used in poultry feed. Hence liberalizing the imports of
Index(%) of Feed and Product price in the last 10 years compared with the year 2005 Parameter
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Broiler feed
100
106
122
158
173
179
196
244
240
228
231
Chicken price
100
91
109
132
146
169
165
174
208
218
231
Layer feed rate
100
110
127
154
170
187
205
250
261
240
239
Egg price
100
92
134
137
174
193
196
226
262
244
238
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Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan are importing feed
corn and soybeans is the only
21
INTERVIEW
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
GM feeds at a cheaper price appears to
feed which is better compared to the pellet diet.
be the viable alternative for pushing
Considering the challenges with shrinking acreage
forward the feed industry in India.
for the cultivation of feed crops, resulting in lesser
Would you please throw some light
availability of raw materials, how do you think the
on importance of understanding
feed industry shall look like 10-20 years down the
feed pellets and its relation to
road?
improved feed quality as well as its
India with 160 million hectares of arable land is second
energy savings benefits?
to USA in the world ranking. The renewable water
Pellets and crumbles are extensively
resource of 11970 cuM/Ha is far higher than some of
used in broiler feeding. The advantage
the western countries but the per hectare productivity is
of pellets over mash is that there is no
far lower compared to other countries. The corn
selective feeding and the time needed
production in India is 2.5MT/Ha the world average is
for consumption is also less compared
5MT/Ha and US average is 10MT/ha Ukraine with a
to mash. The cooking effect increases
renewable water resource of only 4299cuM/Ha the corn
the ME availability by 2 to 3 per cent
production is 3.5tons/ha. In our neighbourhood the
apart from that there is reduction in
productivity is Bangladesh 7MT/Ha, Pakistan 4MT/Ha Sri
microbial load. But some of the
lanka 3MT/Ha.
integrators are still using mash feed for
Similarly in soybean production we are one of the
broilers with equally good results. In
lowest in the world, it is 0.98MT/Ha whereas it is 1.5MT
some western countries also the initial
in Bangladesh, 1.7MT in Sri Lanka, 3MT in USA and
feed is crumbles followed by mash and
3.3MT/Ha in Italy. It is the same for other feed
the performance has been observed to
ingredients. Hence with the same land area if we can be better than crumbles and pellet diet. increase the productivity equal to that of our For layers and parents it is mostly mash neighbours we can easily tide over the feed ingredient feed, as it has been proved that the
crises.
increased particle size challenges the
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INDUSTRY NEWS
gizzard there by the digestion of the
22
Progress of GM technology in India An Indian scientist whose team has developed a genetically modified (GM) mustard variety in Delhi University South Campus is India's first state-ofthe-art farm innovation that will allow Indian mustard farmers to produce more mustard per unit area. The latest developed technology is inching toward a possible commercial launch said he could soon hand to a state agency a GM cotton variety that can rival Monsanto's seeds. Deepak Pental and his colleagues at the Delhi University worked on GM mustard for around a decade, and a government committee said recently it found the seeds to be safe for "food/feed and environment". A new agency reported the technical clearance last month for what could be the country's first GM food crop. "The government has taken the right path and experts have looked at all the data," Pental told, acknowledging that public opposition to lab-altered food
remains fierce. "Our scientists have the capability to do more, but you will have to strengthen research further, educate people." Prime Minister Narendra Modi's nationalist government, keen to cut the country's heavy annual food import bill, will soon decide on the commercial launch of the high-yielding mustard and plans to indigenously develop other GM food to reduce reliance on multinationals. The move has been opposed by activists and politicians amid fears GM food could compromise food safety and biodiversity. Some experts have also questioned claims that GM crops are more productive than normal varieties. New Delhi-based Pental said he was willing to help the government with that goal and would approach the state-run Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) to pass on a laboratory-tested GM cotton variety his
team has developed over the past decade. The variety is similar to Monsanto's Bt cotton but can be more resistant to pests, Pental said, adding he handed another GM cotton variety to ICAR last year for further research. No field trial has yet been done on either cotton strands. This comes at a time when Monsanto has withdrawn an application to sell its next-generation cotton seeds protesting the Modi government's proposal to force it to share its technology with local seed companies, which has also worried other foreign firms such as Bayer, Dow, Dupont Pioneer and Syngenta. Experts warn that even if India did develop a home-grown GM cotton variety in the next few years, it would struggle to sustain a program that needs to refresh seeds every decade or so. Source: Reuters
MARKET PROJECTION
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
Image source: linkedin
Feed PhytogenicsA revolution in the feed industry Pratik Gurnani, Research Analyst, Markets & Markets
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F
24
eeding natural feed to livestock has been a common practice since prehistoric times. However, the forms and types of natural feed and the use of feed additives have changed significantly over time. The ban on the use of antibiotics in feed in developed regions such as Europe and North America has triggered the popularity of feed phytogenics as favorable alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. Based on industry research on livestock nutrition and customer requirements, feed formulators emphasize the importance and benefits of feed phytogenics in animal nutrition.
Benefits of Feed Phytogenics:  Phytogenics help in improving the taste and aroma of
feed, thereby increasing feed intake and accelerating digestion activity in livestock, ultimately improving livestock growthand development.  Phytogenics mitigate ammonia gas emission from
livestock litter and are thus favored for sustainable livestock production.  Feed phytogenics have other benefits as well: such as
antimicrobial action, enhancement of immune system, stimulation of gastric juices, reduction of gut bacteria, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Technological Advancement in Feed Phytogenics Industry
Feed phytogenic additives have positive effects on So what exactly are feed phytogenics? livestock health but are often difficult to process in the feed. Many sources of phytogenics, especially essential Phytogenics are non-antibiotic feed oils, are sensitive substances that lose their efficacy and additives derived from plant sources efficiency, owing to their vulnerability to high such as leaves, roots, tubers, or fruits, temperatures, pungent odor, and oxidative and volatile herbs & spices (predominantly used in properties. Emergence of new technologies such as animal feed) and are added to the feed encapsulation can extend the shelf life of phytogenics in order to improve animal which allows essential oils to have a longer shelf life by performance.They are available in solid, protecting them from environmental changes by keeping dried, or ground form; as extracts; or as the liquid, gaseous, or solid substance packed ina tiny essential oils. millimetric capsule. Along with protection from extreme
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 |2Issue 1111 | September 2016 Think Grain Think Feed - Volume | Issue | September 2016
industrialization and globalization—is a key driver of the demand for processed meat and dairy products. Consumers around the world are becoming concerned about the quality of food they are purchasing due to increasing instances of E. coli and Salmonella traces in meat and dairy products. Hence, they prefer processed meat and dairy products since they are produced under hygienic conditions. Thus, feeding livestock animals with natural source-based feed additives has created massive potential for feed phytogenics. Even though phytogenics are a relatively young class of feed additives, they are gaining interest within the livestock feed sector due to R&D activities by manufacturers and related government organizations.
environmental factors, encapsulation also results in enhancement of palatability, stability in ration, and improved digestion. Key feed phytogenics players such as Biomin Holding Gmbh (Austria) and Kemin Industries (U.S.) are implementing encapsulation to provide better quality phytogenics. The encapsulation process helps producers and animal growers to overcome the problem of efficacy and efficiency of livestock,which in turn is driving the market for feed phytogenics, globally.
Livestock producers in the European and North American regions are switching to organic feed inputs for sustainable livestock production. Feed additive manufacturers in these regions are exploring potential applications of phytogenics to adhere to stringent rules & regulations laid down by the European Union and the FDA (U.S.). Demand for feed phytogenics in these regions is increasing and there are limited manufacturers producing these niche feed additives. Increasing concerns related to side effects as a result of prolonged use of chemical feed additives is another major driving factor for feed phytogenics. The market for feed additives is highly regulated in the European and
The increasing demand for animal products such as meat, dairy, and eggs has created significant pressure on livestock farmers to improve the productivity of livestock. On the other hand, the increasing feed prices are adding to the dilemma of optimizing productivity by keeping expenses minimal, for farmers. Feed phytogenics are the best option available to minimize dairy farm feed expenses by improving feed digestion and feed conversion ratio. The increasing commercialization of the livestock sector, from feeding to processing, has created significant demand for feed phytogenics in the global market. The growth of the retail food sector due to increasing purchasing power of consumers—as a result of
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Market Drivers for Feed Phytogenics
25
MARKET PROJECTION
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
North American regions. The European Union has stringent regulations related to the use of chemical feed additives. Producers of feed phytogenics are required to adhere to strict regulations related to regional and national health and safety for product approvals in developed nations; which ultimately affects the cost of the final product. Market Potential of Feed Phytogenics
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in 26
North America is the second-largest market for feed phytogenics after the European region. It is projected to grow at a CAGR of 6.4% during the forecast period. The Southeast Asia-Pacific market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 6.9% from 2015 to 2020. The demand for feed phytogenics has been augmented by the practice of selective breeding in the region. The key players in this market have been developing a range of innovative products to target specific animal needs. Thus, the feed phytogenics market is gaining more global presence and acceptance among customers. Key participants in the feed phytogenics market include Cargill, Inc. (U.S.), E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (U.S.), BIOMIN Holding GmbH (Austria.), Delacon Biotechnik GmbH (Austria), and Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH (Germany). These players have been implementing different strategies to achieve growth in the feed phytogenics market. Through strategies such as new product developments, research agreements, expansions, and acquisitions, companies have been expanding their global presence and boosting their technological & operational capabilities in the market. Manufacturers have excellent opportunities to diversify their product portfolio, incorporating feed phytogenics, in these regions.
Expansion of canola research facility in Cargill Cargill's expands canola research facility with $3.5 million investment in new equipment and technology in Aberdeen, Saskatchewan. It is poised to lead the way in specialty canola seed breeding. Improvements to the facility include a 14,000 sq/ft expansion, expanded pathology lab, new state-of-the-art Quality Assurance lab, ventilated seed prep room and high efficiency LED lighting throughout the facility, with UV repelling windows.
Saskatchewan continues to be an important province for Cargill to invest in – we have 26% of our Canadian investment in the province, and over the past five years have continued to increase our footprint with over $300 million in capital investments.
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INDUSTRY NEWS
Considering the increasing demand for livestock products in the future, the demand for phytogenics is projected to increase significantly.The European region is estimated to account for the largest share in the feed phytogenics market at USD 138.40 million in 2015. This market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 8.2% during the forecast period. Increased awareness about meat quality among consumers and increased meat consumption across the globe are expected to provide more scope for market expansion. Factors such as high demand for nutritive feed and sustainable animal nutrition products, increasing livestock population, and management of feed
operating cost are also driving the growth of the feed phytogenics market.
Recent expansions in Cargill
“The new facility will also allow Cargill to showcase the research and innovations within our specialty canola business,” says Mark Christiansen, Managing Director, Cargill Global Edible Oil Solutions. “Latest innovations such as a new low saturated high oleic canola oil are driven by victory yield platform, which is currently best-ofclass for Roundup Ready hybrids, in addition to best-of-class Blackleg resistance.”
A $8.5 million animal nutrition plant in Vietnam that provides animal feed for livestock and has a total capacity of 66,000 tonnes per year. Company would also extend its production capabilities in Spain with a new production line which is expected to be operational in the third quarter of 2017. A wet corn milling plant in Davangere, Karnataka, India, that included a $100 million investment that has a capacity to mill 800 tonnes of corn daily. A new Technology Application
Center (TAC) in Yakapınar, Izmir, Turkey, to help dairy and poultry customers in the Middle East, Turkey and Africa leverage and apply the best possible feed technologies to grow their businesses. Largest feed mill in Pyeongtaek, South Korea, is a 2,610-squaremeter facility that produces poultry, ruminant, swine and pet food products for animal producers with a capacity of 870,000 tonnes.
Source: Cargill
INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
New Feed Mill & Maize Farm in Nigeria In pursuance of Federal Government's diversification goal, a Chinese firm, Wuhan Longfecund Agricultural Development Company Ltd., has concluded plans to set up a feed mill and maize farm in Nigeria. "I am happy to be in Calabar and indeed, Nigeria, to set up a feedmill and a maize farm. Cross River State and China share leading direction. We don't come in as same topography and land fit for such traditional farmers but industrial production," said Yongsheng Cao, standard and as the benchmark," said Chairman of the Company. Explaining that Wuhan province has the Governor Ayade in his remarks who largest farm and a major maize grower in urged the Chinese firm to swing into China, the Chairman said the company's action with the establishment of the maize farm. preference will be on sweet corn as it is
Image source: alvanblanchgroup
has in agriculture as we are going to have maize for export, sweet corn for salads, Gluck syrup for our industries and the feed mills to produce feeds for our poultry and other related products."
Affirming that parts of Akamkpa, Uyanga, Obubra and Yala were suitable areas for maize farming based on soil The governor explained that as going to grow well in the state. studies earlier conducted, Ayade government, "we must focus on maize He applauded the existing relationship reasoned that "the partnership between because other than producing feeds, one between Cross River and China, pointing the Cross River State government and out that he would invest $8 million in the of the particular species we are going to the maize centre in China will provide grow here which is sweet corn, is to project before extending it, to other the state with a first class knowledge, provide Gluck syrup." parts of the country. first class technology, first class farming According to Ayade, "what you will see "Cross River State is expanding the and first class mill, as all sweet corns here is a true reproduction of the true horizon in agriculture and taking a leap used in our salads were imported." history of the natural wealth that Nigeria into agricultural phase to ensure a
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Source: Allafrica
27
INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
Guarded Optimism on Maize, Despite Rise in Acreage
Image source: worldatlas
As acreages under maize scale a new high this kharif season aided by ample rains, the prospects of a good harvest have turned brighter this year. However, the predictions of excess rains in September by the Met could possibly dent the output and quality of the produce, experts and traders said. Farmers across the country, lured by the relatively higher prices ahead of the kharif planting season, have sown an additional area of close to one million hectares (see table) under maize or corn this year, while the late planting was still going on in some areas. States such as Bihar, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana and Uttar Pradesh have clocked an increase in area over last year. Both trade and agri-experts are unanimous that the crop size will be bigger than last year, but it was too early to fix a size.
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The USDA has projected that India's total corn output including kharif and rabi would expand by 2 million tonnes (mt) this year to around 23 mt. The USDA has pegged India's kharif corn output this year at 15.5 mt.
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depend on various factors, including the weather in the months ahead. Net imports From a net exporter, India had turned a net importer of corn this year on decline in domestic output and rising consumption.
So far, the imports into the country this year were estimated at around two lakh tonnes. “Though India is headed for a bumper crop, its re-entry into the world corn market would largely depend on Weather plays truant the parity in prices,” said Rajiv Yadav, The IMD has forecast surplus rainfall for Vice-President, COFCO Agri. August-September with the Less risk crop precipitation expected to be 107 per cent of the long period average of 43.5 “However, the domestic consumers — the poultry feed and starch makers — cm for these two months. In fact, the will have a good time in the year ahead. global models have predicted that Also the forecast of an extended September could be the wettest this monsoon this year could possibly raise monsoon. some issues on the quality front,” Yadav “The sentiment is of higher production added. for corn on increase in acreages,” said “It is a relatively easy crop and the risk Tejinder Narang, a grains trade analyst. factors are less compared to others,” a But the actual production would
Feed Tech Animal Feed Technology
Expo 2017
Venue: New Grain Market, Karnal, India
trader said. Corn prices, which moved up from the levels of Rs. 1,300 a quintal in April to around Rs. 1,700 in July, have eased a bit in recent days. Trade expects the prices to stay volatile ahead of the harvest that's expected to commence in September. Acreage under hybrids “If everything goes well, there could be a 7-8 per cent increase in kharif yields on increasing area under hybrids and better rains,” said Sain Dass, former director of Directorate of Maize Research under ICAR. Kharif yields of maize have been less than two tonnes per hectare. The sowing is still on in some States including Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Haryana and Bihar and the overall acreage could be higher than 8.1 million hectares, Dass added. He also admitted that rains during the September may pose a challenge. Source : Business Line
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CALENDAR OF EVENTS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 11 | September 2016
JANUARY
OCTOBER AGRENA 2016 Date: 6-8 October 2016 Venue: Cairo International Conference Center, Egypt Email: info@agrena.net Web: www.agrena.net
Layer Feed Quality Conference Date: 17-18 October 2016 Venue: Jakarta, Indonesia Email: events@asian-agribiz.com Web: www.asian-agribiz.com
Vietstock Date: 19-21 October 2016 Venue: Saigon Exhibition & Convention Center (SECC, HCMC, Vietnam Email: vietstock@ubm.com Web: www.vietstock.org
NOVEMBER Oilseed and Grain Trade Summit Date: 14-16 November 2016 Venue: Hyatt Regency, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. Email: ogts-info@highquestgroup.com Web: www.oilseedandgrain.com
International Feed Expo Date: 31 Jan - 2 Feb 2017 Venue: Georgia World Congress Center, 285 Andrew Young International Blvd NW, Atlanta, Georgia USA Email: info@ippexpo.org Web: www.ippexpo.com
FEBRUARY Feed Tech Expo Date: 23-25 February 2017 Venue: New Grain Market, Karnal, India Email: feedtechexpo@gmail.com Web: www.feedtechexpo.com
MARCH Aqua Aquaria India Date: 21-23 April 2017 Venue: Andhra Loyola College Campus, Vijayawada, India Email: traduciruso@gmail.com Web: www.aquaaquaria.com
EuroTier Date: 15-18 November 2016 Venue: Hanover, Germany Email: expo@dlg.org Web: www.eurotier.com
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
Poultry India Date: 23-25 November 2016 Venue: HITEX, Exhibition Centre, Hyderabad, India Email: info@poultryindia.co.in Web: www.poultryindia.co.in
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