Think Grain Think Feed July 2021 by ThinkGrainThinkFeed

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Postal No. PKL-212/2021-2023

Volume 7 | Issue 10 August-2021

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Price: 75/-

Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology

MonthlyVollume Magazine for 10 Feed Technology 1 | Issue | August 2015

Contents

Publisher & Editor Prachi Arora prachi.a@benisonmedia.com

Managing Editor Dr. T.K. Walli Former Head, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI

INDUSTRY OPINION 04 IMPORT OF GM SOYAMEAL (DOC) – IS IT A RELIEF?

R&D

EXPERT TIPS 08 Expert Tips for Making Feed Pelleting Process More Efficient & Profitable

INDUSTRY NEWS

ARTICLE 18 MAKING INDIAN DAIRYING MORE ECONOMICAL

20 INNOVATION MAY CUT FISH FEED COSTS BY 25%

16 INDIA TAKES HISTORICAL DECISION TO IMPORT GM SOYAMEAL 30 ORGANIZED POULTRY FARMING IS ON RISE IN INDIA

22 DIETARY ACTIVATED CLAYS: AN APPROACH TO REDUCE THE IMPACT OF AFLATOXIN 26 KEY FACTORS FOR PROPER GRAIN STORAGE IN TROPICAL REGIONS

Gaurav Chander g.chander@benisonmedia.com

Designing & Online Marketing Head Ashwani Verma info@benisonmedia.com

Published by BENISON Media: SCO 17, 2nd Floor, Mugal Canal Market, Karnal - 132001 (Haryana) Tel: +91 184 4047817 info@benisonmedia.com www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in www.benisonmedia.com

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Think Grain Think Feed is a monthly magazine published by BENISON Media at its office in Karnal. Editorial policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily those held by the editors. The data/information provided in the magazine is sourced through various sources and the publisher considers its sources reliable and verifies as much data as possible. However, the publisher accepts no liability for the material herein and consequently readers using this information do so at their own risk. Although persons and companies mentioned herein are believed to be reputable, neither BENISON Media, nor any of its employees or contributors accept any responsibility whatsoever for such persons’ and companies’ activities. All legal matters are subjected to Karnal Jurisdiction. Disclaimer : The published material and images are sourced from various websites and newspapers, and used for information purpose only, if you have any issue, please inform us at info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in. BENISON Media or Think Grain Think Feed is not liable for any claim prior to written information.

Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale Former Chairman, CLFMA of India Dr. S.P. Vinil Poultry Expert Mr. Amit Sachdev Indian Representative, US Grain Council Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand US Soybean Export Council Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition, MAFSU, Parbhani Dr. SN Mohanty Former Principal Scientist, CIFA Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta Agricultural Economist Raghavan Sampath Kumar Commodity Expert Dr. Swamy Haladi Feed Additive Expert Dr. R Gnana Sekar Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

Image Source: India Today

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INDUSTRY OPINION

IMPORT OF GM SOYAMEAL (DOC) – IS IT A RELIEF? High prices of feed raw materials have been the biggest concern for integrator, feed miller and farmer especially in India. With multiple meetings with government authorities, industry has finally seen a ray of hope as the government allowed import of GM Soy Meal for animal feed. Think Grain Think Feed connected with industry experts including Shri Tarun Sridhar, Former Union Secretary – DAHD, GOI; Prof. G Devegowda, one of the most reputed freelance consultant and Mr Shiva Mudgil, Director-RaboResearch Food & Agribusiness, to know their view point on this decision and how it can impact the sector. Below are the excerpts. Decision based on science In my view it is a pragmatic decision long awaited by our poultry sector. Our opposition to GM crops or ingredients in crop/food items has been based more on beliefs and ideology and less on science and economics. Tarun Sridhar

Impact on Indian Soy Farmers Soya is the most critical feed and key input in poultry. The end price and profitability depend to a large extent upon the behaviour of the soya market, so in the end it is a good decision. Proof of the pudding is in eating; so, let us not presume any adverse impact on soya farmers. There is not going to be any, but if at

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

poultry should aim to

Relying on soybean meal is

dominate global trade rather

risky

than retreat in the face of

Import of soybean meal is

competition.

not a permanent feature.

Impact the Indian Poultry

This year the Government of

industry

India is planning

Poultry industry is heavily

to import 15 lakh

dependent on maize and

tons of soybean

soybean which are the two

meal because of

major ingredients in poultry

shortage for use

feed. Unfortunately, Soybean

in poultry and

meal prices have increased

livestock industry.

by more than 100 % for the

Import depends

past one year. Poultry

upon production

industry is adversely affected

and demand for

by the increase in soybean

soy meal in the

meal price, resulting in high

country.

cost of production of feed

Importing

and chicken meat and eggs.

soybean meal on

Globally, the majority of the countries are growing GMO soybean. The cost of GMO

any stage such apprehensions come true the situation could always be reviewed. There is no longterm contractual obligation. There is no threat, as of now, to our poultry industry from import of GM or other poultry. It has been nearly a decade since we lost out to the USA in the WTO on this issue, but have you seen any American poultry flooding the market. In fact, our perspective should be to encourage competition to enable our poultry to export which at present is negligible, close to zero. I think providing good policy support such as allowing free access to cheap inputs, as in the instant case, is a step in the right direction. Our

a regular basis will definitely have a negative impact on soybean farmers.

soybean meal in the US and

Relying on soybean meal

Brazil is INR 35 to 40,

alone can be risky. Poultry

whereas Indian poultry

industry should try to use

farmers pay about INR 90 to

alternative protein sources to

100 per kg. This results in a

soybean meal in poultry

high cost of production of

rations. But relying on

meat and eggs.

soybean meal alone and

Feed accounts for ~70% of cost of production. Shortage of supply of soybean meal and resulting increase in cost

expecting that they will always be available and at reasonable price levels is risky.

of feed could be a major

Change in structure of

factor that may hinder the

industry – The need of the

growth potential of Indian h

hour

of Indian Poultry.

US consumers strongly

The

Prof. G. Devegowda

Indian Poultry Industry today

prefer chicken breasts to

needs around 28 million tons

legs, so breasts can cost four

of poultry feed to produce

times as much as legs. In

approx. 4.9 million tons of

India, however, all chicken

chicken meat and 105 billion

meat costs the same. The

eggs per year. We need

industry says it can compete

around 14 million tons of

with whole US chickens, but

maize and 6 million tons of

not chicken legs, which are

soybean meal per year to

too cheap.

produce 28 million tons of

India should change its

poultry feed.

industry structure, exporting

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INDUSTRY OPINION

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

chicken breasts at a high

poultry products through

harvest in next quarter

price to the US and

their platform riding on

alongwith imports of

consumers' growing

soyameal may help reduce

legs. That will

concerns towards quality,

the impact by bringing down

lower the

safety and hygiene of the

the feed prices.

consumer price in

importing cheap

Shiva Mudgil

products.

Suggestions for the

India while

Demand is expected to

government authorities

boosting exports

improve in 2021 over 2020

and keeping the

The top priority by all

and is expected to reach

industry viable. It

stakeholders is to convince

2019 levels. Consumer

the government for

will be a win-win

demand remains the key

situation.

permission to cultivate GMO

growth driver with B2B

maize and soybean. The

Chicken

demand on a roller coaster

advantages are many, for

consumption

ride since last year.

example India used to be a

Chicken

Institutional demand is

net importer of cotton about

consumption in India

expected to recover in 2nd

20 years back. After the

nosedived in 2020 due to

half of 2021.

introduction of GMO cotton

Covid-19. Supply-chain

Feed availability and

(BT Cotton), India's

disruptions, including

prices

production increased and

logistics and labour

The key issue for the poultry

today India is the world's

challenges had an impact on

industry this year is high

largest exporter of cotton.

poultry consumption also.

feed prices due to reduced

Further the Nobel Prize

B2B was impacted the most

availability of feed. Increase

winners say 'there has never

with closure of restaurants

in feed prices this year,

been a single confirmed case

and hotels during lockdown

significantly higher than last

of a negative health outcome

with slow recovery in the

year particularly for

for humans or animals from

2nd half of 2020.

soyameal, is expected to

their consumption. Their

India experienced similar

impact the industry margins

environmental impacts have

challenges in 2021 owing to

this year. The only respite for

been shown repeatedly to be

2nd Covid wave however

the industry is that average

less damaging to the

most of the challenges were

broiler price has been higher

environment, and a boon to

managed in a better way

compared to last year

global biodiversity.'

compared to last year.

however higher feed prices

“Indian regulators must seize

Consumer demand has

are expected to reduce the

the opportunity and

experienced good growth

margins for the Indian

promote GM crops. India

during the crisis with direct-

poultry industry in 2021

needs them to feed a

to-consumer business

compared to last year.

growing population and

models leading this growth.

Improvement in feed

livestock and poultry,”

Many of the meat start-ups

supplies on account of

suggested Prof Devegowda.

have seen good demand for

prospects of good kharif

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EXPERT TIPS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

Expert Tips for

Making Feed Pelleting Process More Efficient & Profitable After successful conclusion of the first series, Think Grain Think Feed organized second session of Process Optimization webinar on 23rd July with Mr M. Kanagaraj – a renowned Feed Milling expert who has trained more than 1000 feed mill professionals including integrators, commercial feed manufacturers and others in the South Asian sub-continent. Renowned experts including Dr Manju Reddy (MR), Asst. Vice President with Japfa India; Mr GR Mulekar(GRM), freelance consultant and Mr Nils Lastein(NL), Application Manager, Andritz Feed & Biofuel A/S joined the webinar as speakers. The 90-minute session was attended by 279 attendees from 24 countries. Below excerpts from the discussion. In the conditioning process, starch gelatinization is one of the major factors. How does it influence the animal performance as well as the feed

M Kanagaraj

quality and pellet machine productivity?

Feed Milling Consultant

MR: Starch gelatinization is the skeleton producing good quality of feed,

279

a task for feed miller.Starch gelatinization basically improves the palatability

a feed mill usually achieves 25-30% starch gelatinization. Improvising on this is

Attendees

668

and the bird performance. Starch gelatinization in pellet processing can be broadly classified into Caramelization - addressing the sugar part, Gelatinization - addressing the starch part and Maillard Reaction – de-

Registrations

structuring the activity of protein.

experiments show that if maize is treated at 80-85°C at proper conditioning

Av. attending time in minutes

Starch gelatinization increases the energy level of the ingredients. Few level, then there is an energy increase that helps the birds in contributing nutrients. In conditioning or gelatinizing, there is also plasticizing of individual

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

particles i.e., feed particles

percentage of starch

material.Using very fine

will get together which help

gelatinization happening

nozzles is the key. When

in binding. And there is a

only because of the

water steam is applied later

creation of liquid bridges

conditioning?

in the conditioner, water is

between the particles which

GRM: Different methods

actually applied in the most

are formed during

like enzyme analysis and

optimum way as it will be

processing which results in

maltose assay can be used

absorbed by every little

gelatinization, causing the

to test gelatinization

particle.

lubricating effect to the

percentage. Also, there is a

But when water is added by

product. So, it will help the

colorimetry method called

spraying nozzles, we have

feed to get pelletized easily

double beam spectroscopy

droplets which will take a

and will reduce electricity

which can also be used for

long time to migrate into the

consumption, improve your

gelatinization. Nowadays,

particles and even then,

throughput and more than

feed microscopy is the latest

proper absorption is not

anything it will help in

one. Using Polarized Light

achieved resulting in multiple

formation of good quality

Microscopy one can clearly

problems. When water

pellets.

see the different stages of

droplet is added into the

Better the gelatinization

gelatinization.

feed it does not evaporate as

process is, the lower the

Managing targeted

easily as the water added by

fine percentage will be.

moisture with new crops

steam, it will remain as a

Other advantages are

which usually have higher

moist spot in the feed

destruction of anti -

moisture or stored grains

resulting in rotting and the

nutritional factors and

which usually have lower

bacteria growth due to

increasing solubility of NSPs

moisture, is a challenge for

increased water activity. That

(Non-Starch

feed miller. What would be

is why water is often applied

Polysaccharides). There is

your suggestions?

together with a surfactant

disadvantage if pellets are

NL: The main problem for

that will reduce bacterial

treated with high

temperature or moisture

growth.

conditioning temperature

regulation in conditioning

In the wet situation while

and moisture, some

is moisture addition at the

using a fresh harvest,

problems might be created

set temperature. Steam is

moisture control is more

for wheat and barley diets.

added which brings the

difficult. Due to the cost

As it will cause increased

moisture. But it is not added

involved, grain drying is

solubility of some of the

with the moisture set point

avoided. One of the quite

non-starch polysaccharides

rather added to the

easy methods is actually to

causing some gut health

temperature set point. Feed

have a die with a shorter

issues. Apart from that,

producers have problems

compression ratio, a shorter

some of the phytates, an

obtaining the right moisture

compression channel and a

antinutritional factor, also

content when the initial

lower L/D ratio.

gets destroyed whenever it is

moisture content of the grain

Formulations keep on

improperly gelatinized and

is too high and adding

changing as per the

processed.

moisture by temperature

market conditions which

As in the feed milling

brings an evident problem

influence both target

process, starch will be

right there itself.

moisture and temperature.

damaged due to the

The low moisture is more

What are your suggestions

grinding process as well as

or less easily handled. It

to optimize?

in the pellet die, whereas

can be adjusted by water

GRM: The formulation

conditioning only will have

spray at a very early stage in

changes frequently almost

the actual gelatinization.

the process line in the main

every month because of

How to identify the

mixture, not in the raw

the raw material price and

N Manju Reddy Asst Vice President, Feed Nutrition Japfa India

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EXPERT TIPS

G.R. Mulekar Feed Milling Expert, Ex Godrej Agrovet

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

availability, and the weather

cause problems. A lot of

percentage. In drying and

conditions. Generally, in the

factors influence the

cooling, if it is not properly

winter season, bird growth

chemical properties, basic

cooled and moisture is not

rate is very high and the

ones are gelatinization,

taken out, it will affect the

market price for the ready

starch content, crude protein

pellet quality. The whole

bird is also good which

content, fat content, fiber

cycle, starting from

usually is not the case in

content and ash content. The

formulation to bagging,

summer season. The feed

ash content is also very

needs to be controlled to

miller should have at least 2-

important, in the normal

have optimum pellet mill

3 types of dies with various

broiler feed processing ash

output. It needs proper

designs especially focusing

content is about 5-6% but

synchronization between the

on the compression ratio or

when it is breeder feed

control panel team and the

L/D ratio. If the L/D ratio is

processing you will never get

operators.

maintained for different

output like in broiler feeds.

What according to you is

formulations then one will

The major difference causing

the technology solution

get a good pelleting rate in

this problem is ash content.

assuring less variation in

any situation. Selecting the

Under process control,

the roll setting?

right kind of die for any

steam quality is most

LS: Roll adjustment is a fine

particular formulation is the

important. Multiple

art but generally the

key.

controls in steam especially

operators do not want to

What are the factors to

the pressure at the inlet of

have interruptions. They

optimize throughput,

the injection point is very

prefer to push the rollers out

energy consumption, and

important and the

into zero position or even in

pellet quality?

throughput regulation. Many

a minus position which

MR: Pellet mill output is

times, in rush the pellet

squeezes tight against the

basically a fine balance

quality is compromised. If it

inside die surface. What a

between three factors i.e.,

is not properly gelatinized, it

feed miller need is really

raw material, process control

will have a lot of fine returns

close but not touching

and the machine. Raw

screwing up the pelleting

position of the rollers which

material characters include

process. Also, for liquid

is an ideal situation.

four parameters i.e., physical

addition, in India,

Considering process

parameters that are

traditionally feed miller goes

variations or formulations

formulation density, moisture

for addition of 4-5% of fat

with low, medium or high

level, particle size and the

without any calculation while

fat, an instant change of the

shape. The finer the particle

in present scenario when the

die configuration on a daily

is, the better the palatability

price of oil is so high, one

or hourly basis is the simple

will be. But many times,

cannot add 2-2.5% oil.

solution. A feed miller has

looking at the gut health,

Excess fine returns, excess fat

two or three dies lying next

one tends to increase the

or throughput not regulated

to the press and using a

particle size and end up with

properly need to be

Quick Die Changing (QDC)

more coarser particles

controlled.

system the die can be

resulting in a compromised

The machine typically

replaced within 10-15

pellet quality. Apart from

involves die, roller, and

minutes.

that the uniformity of the

cooling and drying, and

Automatic roller

particle size its distribution is

feed rate. Die hole,

adjustment is a technically

also very important, if it is

configuration and die

advanced solution. This

grinded using a 3-4 mm

diameter are important

system can introduce a gap

combination sieve and does

factors. Roller adjustment is a

entry in between die and

not have a normal bell curve

skill especially when it is

roller variable from zero to 5-

particle distribution, it will

related to moisture

6 mm. It is basically bringing

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EXPERT TIPS

NILS LASTEIN Application Manager, Feed Global Segment Management ANDRITZ FEED & BIOFUEL A/S

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

up the press to normal

low temperature pellet (~4-

capacity then a gap is

5°C lower temperature) with

entire product. The air flow rate or the

introduced in between the

reduced moisture of around

volume of air should also

roller and the die while

11.5-12% (as per Indian

be calculated and it should

looking carefully at press

conditions) at the time of

be normal. In India with four

amperage. If there is

bagging. Both objectives can

different seasons, cooling is very dynamic.

instability in the press

be achieved by using the

amperage while the roller is

counter flow of the air to

While setting up the

retracted from the die that is

cool the pellets and the

rolls, which is a

a signal that all rollers are

amount of temperature loss

conventional setting

not continuously gripping

in the cooler is basically

done by an operator, can

into the die rather are

defined by the quality of air

we measure if the gap is

slipping, normally, it is the

used to absorb the cooler.

the optimum gap by

left-hand side leading roller.

Another factor is the

measuring the

When a gap in between the

temperature of the cooling

temperature increase at

roller and die is introduced,

air whether it is cool or

the dies?

the kneading time is also

warm and humidity

NL: There is not any exact

increased which will

percentage of the cooling air.

set point, it is the power or

consume more power but

The water capacity of high

the temperature increase. A

that power goes into the

humid air is very less,

functioning consequence of

feed which cools off the die

normally in such conditions,

the amperage that is put

and makes pellets with

the cooler turns inefficient to

into the entrance in the

higher durability and quality.

reduce the moisture. There

pellet mill, which means

This means a die is installed

are options like increasing

more the power

to suit easy formulations and

the speed of air or installing

consumption higher the

when it is more complicated

fans with VFD (Variable

temperature of the feed.

formulations which require

Frequency Drives) which

Higher temperature can be a

higher L/D and longer

remove the moisture more

problem for enzymes like

compression then the rollers

accurately. Unfortunately, in

phytase which will deactivate

can be retarcted by giving

a high humid climate, the

that means you need to

more power.

moisture is not reduced and

compensate with either pre-

What are the critical

the end products have high

or post-pellet supplement.

factors of cooling to

moisture and temperature.

Do you suggest any

achieve the standard

This leads to fungus growth

changes with respect to

moisture as well as the

in the feed.

the residence time of the

temperature?

With cool air, there is a

conditioner based on the

MR: The vertical cooler or

different issue of

formulation?

counter flow cooler is

condensed water. When the

GRM: In pelleting, on a

mostly used. Cooling is the

cool air gets in and absorbs

scale of 100, grinding is

most critical factor to

moisture it results in low

33% then conditioning is

determine the end-product

atmospheric temperature

33% followed by 25% in die

quality at bagging, basically

and hence water

selection and remaining 9%

the moisture control or water

condensation is observed.

is cooling. So, the

activity (AW). The functioning

This is observed especially in

conditioning process is very

of a cooler depends upon

North India and Eastern part

important. Earlier the pellet

different critical factors.

of the country, in winter

mill manufacturers were

First is input and output,

(when temperature goes as

using single barrel

the input in the cooler is

low as 10-15°C), water

conditioners but with better

hot and high moist pellets,

condensation takes place in

awareness on conditioning

and the expected output is

the cooler and spoils the

or retention time, they

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

started using two or even

then sieve it for 15-20 times

the material into the air

three conditioners.

and the material which has

compared to the quantity it

Whether it is a single or

passed through the sieve

lifts at normal speed which

multi barrel conditioner,

should be minimum 80%

leaves most of the meal

the most important factor

then it is fine grinding. That

lying down in the

is the retention time of the

means the retention on the 1

conditioner. If the retention

material in the conditioner.

mm will be 20%. If it is lesser,

time is to be increased then

For that the operator gives

then a standard 3 mm sieve

some of the paddles are

constant speed to the

is used for the grinder or if

flipped from forward

conditioner drive shaft and

possible, it can be 2.8 mm.

position to backward

each shaft at a specific speed

The grinder sieve can be

position to retain the meal

delivers the material from

finer but that will take more

and remain at nominal

one barrel to the second

time for grinding and the

speed. It is really important

barrel and hence forward. To

pellet mill will starve for

that the meal is flying up

achieve this constant speed,

material, so some solution

over the shaft in the

the machine manufacturer

needs to be found out.

conditioner all the way

gives a VFD drive (variable

Another important factor is

around otherwise the steam

frequency drive) to the

to have saturated steam. I

cannot get to the particles.

conditioner. A feed miller

have observed usage of

What is the best L/D ratio

should assure a minimum

high-pressure boilers in

for cattle feed?

conditioning time of 40-45

various feed mills. My

GRM: Nowadays, cattle

seconds right from the

suggestion is to use a

feed pellets are around 4

feeder to the conditioner till

saturated steam boiler with a

mm as maize is added in

the end of the last

pressure of 10.54 kg/cm2.

the formulation. But the

conditioner where it enters

Above this would deliver

formulation of cattle feed is

the pellet mill. Another

superheated steam and if the

such that it is high in fiber

important point to consider

pressure is lesser around 8-9

and sand silica and hence

is that the more the fine

kg/cm2 then it will deliver

the L/D ratio is quite

material is lesser is the

wet steam.

different from poultry feed.

conditioning time, say 40

NL: At Andritz we try to

It should be around 8-10,

seconds.

achieve a retention time of

not more than that. Also,

Also, one should check the

30-40 seconds. From a

one has to go as per the

quality of grinding. A

technology point of view, it is

fiber in the formulation if it

simple testing method is to

not recommended to adjust

is very high in the

take 200 gm of material and

the speed of the shaft

formulation then also the

put it on 1 mm lab test sieve

because then it does not lift

L/D ratio will change.

PART-I

PART-II

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EXPERT TIPS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

What is your opinion

and at same time 8-10

different for cattle feed

about the online moisture

reading can be taken. The

pellets.

control for the entire

thumb rule is for every 0.7-

In poultry feed pellets ratio

plant?

0.8% moisture increase an

should be between 10 to

NL: The technology

adjustment of 10°C in

12.

provides a lot of benefits

temperature is required in

In cattle feed pellets ratio

like moisture adjustment,

the conditioning. Using

should be between 8 to 10.

moisture measurement or

multiple moisture measuring

Conclusions:

protein measurement. Most

sensors in the mixer one can

The webinar series

of the feed millers are using

decide the quantity of water

discussed the scope of

it for online moisture

to be added and

optimizing the feed milling

measurement to ensure the

temperature to be set

process. It aimed at

least cost optimization. The

especially for dry conditions.

improving quality or

moisture online NIR is best

Audience Questions:

efficiency without disturbing

placed before the pellet mill

What is the practical role

the milling specification any

and it should be installed on

of pellet binder in

of the process. Every feed

the main mixer. Of course, it

commercial poultry feed

miller wishes to achieve

can do raw material moisture

as feed would be on hold

these parameters by using

check. In the process line,

for more than 15-20 days?

the technology. Below are

one can install online

It improves binding

the take home message

measurement on the side of

capacity and pellet remain

from the webinar:

the batch mixer which then

durable for longer time

can adjust the moisture as

which results in minimum

gelatinization is 60-70%

per set point. NIR cannot be

fines % even after long

while the actual starch

easily placed at the pellet

period storage and handling.

gelatinization happening

mill because the technology

How to correct the

in feed milling is less

is based on light reflection,

formulated feed nutrient

as the moisture sets inside

content and finished feed

the core of the pellet and

nutrient content, if there is

best method to test

light will not reach there and

difference?

starch gelatinization.

therefore one will get a

First you decide CV for

biased result. So, if one

different nutrient value and

than 30%. ·

Feed microscopy is the

For improved quality and productivity, a feed

wants to install NIR at a

same is to be compared

miller should look into

pellet mill, one needs to

with finished feed nutrient

the three factors – raw

crush the pellets.NIR is not a

and if values are within CV

material, process control

plug and play system rather

range, material should allow

and fine returns.

a costly instrument that

for dispatch or make a

holds tremendous potential.

decision reprocess the feed.

automatic roll

MR: The application of

How much compression

adjustment technology

online moisture NIR control

and LD ratio required?

is very important in the

L D ratio interprets

mixer because adjusting the

compression length.

flow rate or retention

water level for dry conditions

L stands for length through

time is important but

causes a lot of problems

which material is

ambient condition

especially in the Indian

compressed.

influences the cooling

context and results in issues with feed consumption. While using NIR, the positioning of sensors in different parts of the mixer

The standard starch

is available. ·

D is the diameter of pellets being produced.

For dies and rolls,

For cooling, not only air

process. ·

Grinding plays a vital

L D ratio is different for

role for smooth

poultry feed pellets &

conditioning, pelleting and cooling.

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

Image Source: World Grain

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INDUSTRY NEWS

INDIA TAKES HISTORICAL DECISION TO IMPORT GM SOYAMEAL In a first, India is all set to import 1.2 mn tonne of genetically modified soyameal, used as livestock feed, after the environment ministry and DGFT cleared the air on the GM issue, an official said In a first, India is all set to import 12 lakh tonne of genetically modified soyameal, used as livestock feed, after the environment ministry and DGFT cleared the air on the GM issue, a senior Animal Husbandry and Dairying Ministry official said on 16th August. Meanwhile, the food ministry -- after taking a call on this issue in a review meeting on prices and availability of essential commodities -- asked the DGFT and other concerned departments to immediately facilitate the import of 12 lakh tonne of soyameal. The imports are necessary as skyrocketing prices of soyameal have made the livestock feed costlier, affecting farmers associated with the poultry, dairy and aqua industry. Soyameal is a protein-rich solid leftover raw material after extracting oil from soyabean seed, the new crop of which is expected to arrive from October. "Currently, there is no ban on import of soyameal, including GM soyameal. However, the industry wanted clarification on the GM issue before placing the orders," the official told PTI. The environment ministry clarified on August 6 that since the de-oiled cake per se

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

obtained after crushing GM

soyabean seed has been

According to the agriculture

soyabean does not contain

allowed, but it is not, he said.

ministry's fourth advance

any living modified

The official said the industry

estimate, soyabean

organism, it has no objection

has estimated import of 12

production is pegged to be

to import of soya cake or

lakh tonne of soyameal to

higher at 12.89 million tonne

meal from an environmental

meet the domestic

for the 2020-21 crop year

angle, he said.

shortages till the new crop

(July-June) as against 11.22

The official said there are

arrives from October

million tonne in the previous

three types of GM foods, one

onwards.

year.

with Genetically Modified

The imports could take place

Industry experts said that if

Organism (GMO), second

from countries like

the government estimates

with Living Modified

Argentina, Europe and the

are correct, then there

US, he added.

should not be any shortages.

Seeking clarity, Solvent

Meanwhile, the country's

Extractors Association of

soyameal exports are on and

"The soyameal is NLMO. The

India (SEA) Executive

about 17 lakh tonne has

Environment Ministry has

Director B V Mehta said, "It

been shipped since October

said it has no impact on

is better DGFT clarifies

2020. The annual domestic

human and animal health as

publicly that GM soyameal

demand of soyameal is 60

well as on the environment,"

(with NLMO) is allowed so

lakh tonne, according to the

he added.

that traders can enter into

SEA.

Further, the clarification was

contracts without fear of

sought from the food safety

getting their shipments stuck."

regulator FSSAI, which said

He also blamed speculators

Organism (LMO) and third with Non-Living Modified Organism (NLMO).

"it regulates food and not

for the rise in prices of

feed. And it does not have

soyameal. In the last few

any objection," he said.

months, the domestic price

Even the Directorate General

of soyameal has increased

of Foreign Trade (DGFT) -- a

from Rs 45,000 per tonne to

nodal body that administers

Rs 80,000 per tonne on

imports and exports -- said

August 13, almost close to

GM soyameal is not in a

the level of soyabean price

'restricted category' and

of Rs 87,000 per tonne.

therefore has no concern if

All India Poultry Breeders

imports take place, the

Association Secretary and

official added.

Indian Broiler Group Director

Asked if imports have begun,

GulrezAlam said, "We are

the official said, "GM

importing."

soyameal is not in a

Earlier, India was not

restricted category, still we

required to import soyameal

got clarification from

as it had enough supplies

concerned departments.

and had price parity. But

Traders have started placing

now there is an abnormal

orders."

situation as the domestic prices

Other interested parties are

of soyameal are at par or higher

thinking that import of GM

than soyabean, he said.

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ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

MAKING INDIAN DAIRYING MORE ECONOMICAL by Cornext Agri Products India is a country of rich culture, where animal husbandry is considered as the art of rearing animals, and livestock is more of family livelihood. But as commercialization takes place, especially for milk-yielding animals, it is more important than ever to see if dairy animals (cattle and buffaloes) are fed as per their nutritional requirements. It is a known fact that by and large, dairy farmers in India face a huge scarcity of green fodder for feeding their animals. With the reducing area of pasture, the problem is becoming more prominent. The health of milk producing animal and the quality of produced milk is largely dependent on the quality of the fodder given to the animal. But the seasonal variation in crops along with its unavailability throughout the year, makes it difficult for farmers to maintain the uniformity in feed. With increasing cost of quality fodder, a dairy farmer with very less or no land holdings finds dairy farming unprofitable and many of them opt out of the business. However, with the newer technology of ready-made baled silage, the animals could get greens during most part of the year which would result in economic milk production.

Source: State of India's Livelihood report 2015

Baled Silage – An advanced

Wheat, Jowar Berseem and

process is also called

technology

Hybrid grass, after

ensiling. A fully fermented

Silage, rather the preserved

harvesting the greens when

silage is in golden brown

green fodder, can resolve most

its moisture level is around

color with sweet smell and

of the issues of dairy farmers

30-35%. These forage plants

sufficient moisture, and can

and help them in making

are chopped and stored in

be stored for 12 months

dairy farming a more

an anaerobic condition in

which is a good way to

profitable business. Silage (or

order to fortify the

ensure uniform feed for

Ensilage) is a natural

fermentation process.

preservation and fortification

Sometimes an inoculum is

cattle for the whole year. Many traditional silage making

of green forage such as

also added to improve the

practices such as pits, bunkers

Maize, Moringa, Bajra,

quality of fermentation. This

and bags come with their

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

Table 1. Comparison of bunker, bags & bales

of short-chain fatty acids, which in turn might lower the ruminal pH. A ruminal

Feature

Bunker

Bags

Bales

Preparation time

High

Medium

ü Low

pH < 5.8 for a certain period can lead to

Compaction

Low

ü High

subacute ruminal acidosis. Keeping the

Dry Matter Loss

High

Medium

ü Low

ruminal pH within the physiological

Seepage

High

Medium

ü Low

range is important for microorganisms

Anaerobic Condition

Low

ü High

colonizing the rumen. Those

'Ready-to-Use'time

Long

Medium

üEarly

Mold Growth

High

ü Low

microorganisms metabolize feed protein via ammonia or amino acids to microbial protein, which is then

Density of Silage

Low

Medium

ü High

Spoilage

High

ü Low

Palatability

Low

Medium

ü High

Quality

Low

ü High

latter is mostly provided as starch. This

Animal Performance

Low

ü High

imbalance in pH leads to lesser

Safety

Low

Medium

ü High

available for the host. Microbial efficiency is limited by the availability and balance of nitrogen and energy, the

digestibility in animals which badly

own inherent disadvantages.

should be between

effects the animal health. If some

The most advanced Baled

65%and 75% Chopping length must be

silage, it will result in a better cost

amount of concentrates is replaced with

Silage technology is now

becoming more popular

less than2 cm. Benefits of Baled Silage (ex:

benefit.

Maize Silage) · High nutrition with high

requirements

across the world, especially in the tropical countries. Silage baling process uses advanced compaction

technologies to create

digestibility Increase in milk

the bales and it also hastens

the process of fermentation.

production Higher shelf-life Improved health in

animals Higher profitability for

anaerobic conditions inside

Also, the quality of baled silage is superior to any

dairy farmers

other traditionally made silage. Features of Best quality

Economics of corn silage

Silage 1. The color is golden brown 2. Compaction or density must be at least 600 3.

Farmers usually feed the cattle with crop residues, as the major roughage, or the residues from the food processing factories. Being lower in the nutritional values, these residues may not provide optimum nutrition. For increase in production of milk, farmers prefer to mix huge quantities of concentrate in the feed which results in imbalanced feed which causes lower rumen pH and

Following table helps to

change in the fermentation pattern

understand how 6kg corn

which can lead to acidosis. On the other

silage is more economical and

hand, the silage contains dry matter,

nutritious than any of

green matter, moisture, fibre and protein in a balanced ratio. It is easy for

alternatives.

kg/m3 Moisture while baling

Dairy animals and their nutritional

Feeding of more concentrates can lead to higher production

dairying animal to easily absorb the nutrition, and keep its system clean and healthy. A healthy animal will produce

Table 2. Costs benefit analysis

better quality and quantity of milk along

Nutritional Values

Corn 6kg Corn Conc. Silage Silage Feed

2 kg of Conc. Feed

Dry matter(%)

Crude Protein (%) 8.5

1.65

1.36

0.14025

0.2448

Ether Extract (%)

0.0495

2.5

0.034

Crude fiber (%)

0.5775

0.1632

TDN (%)

1.155

0.884

COST (INR)

7/kg

25/kg

50 as per latest prices in Kerala

with other health benefits. An opportunity Making Good Quality Silage requires scientific understanding of the processes involved. Bailed Silage using the technology can definitely revolutionise the Indian dairy farming industry. For further information, please connect with the authors at info@cornext.in

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R&D

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

INNOVATION MAY CUT FISH FEED COSTS BY 25% This litchi seeds-based fish feed is also less expensive for the farmers thus cutting down their costs & increasing the profit margin.

India is the world's second largest producer of both litchi and fish. Pisciculture gets a fillip as scientists from the College of Fisheries in Muzaffarpur, Bihar find ways to make fish feed with litchi seeds, which will bring down the expenses for the fish farmer. While pisciculture is a lucrative enterprise, the fish farmers have to invest a great deal in fish feed that is expensive. However, scientists from the College of Fisheries at Dholi, Muzaffarpur (that comes under Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, Bihar) have come up with a unique solution — use litchi seeds, which are a waste, to make fish feed. This litchi seeds-based fish feed is also less expensive for the farmers thus cutting down their costs and increasing the profit margin. “Along with litchi cultivation, Bihar is also known for fish cultivation, and we have been working for two years to find cheaper alternatives to fish feed in order to help the farmers and have finally been successful,” Shivendra Kumar, associate professor of the College of Fisheries, Muzaffarpur, told Gaon Connection. The fisheries college is based in Muzaffarpur, which is Bihar's litchi belt, and has the country's highest yield of litchis. “Along with the litchi seeds, we

add wheat, maize, soybean, mustard and the husk of paddy,” Shivendra Kumar explained. “Ten per cent of the feed is made up of litchi seeds and the rest make up the balance amount. One can also add up to 20 per cent of the waste litchi seeds,” he added. Litchi cultivation in Bihar According to Bengaluru-based Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, India is the second largest grower of litchi in the world, after China. In India, 83,000 hectares of land is under litchi cultivation. Of this nearly 35,000 hectares are in Bihar. Muzaffarpur alone accounts for 11,000 hectares of litchi orchards. The other states where litchi is cultivated widely include Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and West Bengal. Meanwhile, India is also the second largest fish producing country in the world and ranks second in aquaculture production as well as inland fisheries. In 2018-19, the country's fish production was 13.7 million tonnes, with the contribution of 9.5 million tonnes by the inland sector and 4.1 million tonnes contributed by the marine sector. In 2017-18, India exported 1.37 million tonnes of fish, worth over INR 45,000 crore. “Litchis are plentiful in our state and we were looking to find ways to use the waste of the fruit, the seed,

productively. Under the leadership of RC Srivastav, the vice chancellor of the university, we could find that alternative,” Shivendra Kumar said. For the past four or five years the state has been making litchi juice where the seeds are removed during the processing, which became the main element of the fish feed, the scientist explained. On an experimental basis, the researchers tried out the litchibased feed with the fishes in the college pond and the results were satisfactory, he said. According to Shivendra Kumar, if fish farmers in the country used this fish feed with the litchi seeds, it would bring down their expenses by 20-25 per cent. “While the fish in the college pond are doing well with the feed, we have now distributed the feed to several fish farmers,” the associate professor said. “We believe using this fish feed for a year will reduce their expenditure on the regular fish feed by twenty to twenty-five per cent and we will ask them after a year to find out if it did indeed,” he said. The quality of the fish feed is directly proportional to the production of the fish. While fish farmers cultivate good breeds, they do not pay adequate attention to the feed they give the fish, and that defeats the purpose, Shivendra Kumar pointed out.

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

DIETARY ACTIVATED CLAYS: AN APPROACH TO REDUCE THE IMPACT OF AFLATOXIN Rajendra Moorthy, Prateek Shukla and Nabila Fatima, Kemin Industries South Asia Introduction With adoption of intensive farming practices, the usage of compound feed has increased in dairy industry. Cereal grains and oil cakes are the major ingredients commonly used in a compound feed. These ingredients can be contaminated with fungal organisms during any stage of their growth, harvesting, storage or after processing. Recent changes in the climatic conditions have also favored fungal colonization and mycotoxin contamination of agricultural crops and products. Under tropical conditions, fungal species like Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium are commonly known to infest feed raw materials and produce mycotoxins like aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin, trichothecenes, citrinin, zearalenone, etc. Aflatoxin: The most

problem of AFB1 is growing

notorious mycotoxin

day by day. The survey

Acute aflatoxicosis due to

Amongst all mycotoxins,

findings can be summarized

consumption of abnormally

AFB1is the most extensively

as mentioned below:

higher levels of AFB1 causes

studied mycotoxin in dairy

It was more evident from the

major signs of liver lesions,

lowered animal performance.

cattle, as the excretion of

prevalence data that,AFB1 is

leading to congestion and

aflatoxin M1(AFM1) in dairy

frequently present in the

bleeding. Taking cue from

milk is a public health

feed and raw materials used

these concerns, any

concern. Regulatory

for cattle. It is a well-known

incidence of aflatoxicosis in

authorities are trying to

fact that aflatoxins are

commercial dairy setup can

control the exposure of

potent carcinogens for both

put a serious question mark

aflatoxin in cattle and

cattle as well as human

on the quality and

humans through mandating

beings. However, various

performance of the feed

strict limits on aflatoxin

researches also revealed that

material offered to the

levels in feed and milk.

presence of AFB1 in feed

animal.

However, according to

leads to deteriorated feed

Dietary Mycotoxin Binders:

Kemin's internal survey on

quality, lower feed

An approach to manage the

AFB1 prevalence, the

palatability and overall

mycotoxin menace

>80% increase in

>80% of the

Average level of

prevalence of AFB1

contaminated samples

AFB1 in these

since last 10 years

have >20 ppb AFB1*

samples was 36 ppb

*In India, the maximum permissible limit of AFB1 in feed is 20 ppb (BIS 2052: 2009).

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ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

Various materials, such as activated clays, yeast cell

Figure 2. demonstrates the efficacy of dietary activated clays to control AFM1 in milk AFM1 level (ppb)

walls, enzymes etc., are being investigated either alone or

0.07 0.06

in combination to manage

0.06

the problems associated with

0.05

mycotoxins in dairy animals.

0.04

Due to the unique structure

0.03

and physiology of ruminant's

0.02

gastrointestinal tract (GIT), it

0.01

is very essential for any

0.05 0.04

0 Without Supplementation

With Supplementation

MRL

mycotoxin binder to demonstrate its efficacy considering these factors. Innovation

>99% at adsorption step and

The latest formulation

very less levels of <2% in the

has been given, the average

desorption step(Figure 1).

milk AFM1 level was found

mixture of activated clays

These results suggest that,

to be 0.06 ppb(Figure 2).

carefully chosen through

the formulation formed a

Interestingly, an increase of

unique screening techniques.

complex with AFB1 that

more than 40% in milk AFM1

The formulation has also

would be stable across the

levels have been also

undergone both in vitro and

entire GIT and helps in

observed after

in vivo assessment to

eliminating the AFB1 from

discontinuation of activated

determine its efficacy.

the body, thereby preventing

clay supplementation.

After careful consideration of different physiological

Invivo assessment To validate the invitro

ppb according to European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

findings, an invivo trial was

an invitro triphasic assay has been developed to test the

animals in commercial

efficacy of the final

conditions for 60 days.

formulation. It was observed

During the trial period, all

that the above-mentioned

the animals were fed with

activated clay formulation

the same diet. The diet was

showed a high binding of

analyzed for AFB1 and the

Based on the in vivo and in

levels were found between

vitro studies, it can be

99.06

97.48

Desorption in third phase

Net Binding in Triphasic Condition

In vitro triphasic assay demonstrates >97% net binding with AFB1 and activated clays formulation

The maximum residual level (MRL) of AFM1 in milk is 0.05

conducted using 20 dairy

AFBI Binding Percentage (%)

Desorption in second phase

the formation of AFM1.

conditions of ruminant's GIT,

Figure 1. shows the impact of dietary activated clays on AFB1 after subjecting to invitrotriphasic assay. Mean±SE, n=3.

Adsorption in firs phase

when no supplementation

produced by Kemin contains

Invitro assessment

120 100 80 60 40 20 0

>30% lowered AFM1 in milk has been observed with supplementation of activated clays formulation

Hence, in this trial supplementation of dietary activated clays helped to control AFM1 in milk under MRL. Conclusions

28 and 35 ppb. To evaluate

suggested that dietary

the efficacy of activated clay

activated clays could able to

composition and to assess

bind AFB1 inside the animal,

the actual carry-over

thereby preventing the

percentage of AFB1 to

formation of AFM1 and its

AFM1,AFM1 in milk was

subsequent secretion into

measured at defined time

the milk. Moreover, dietary

intervals. The average milk

activated clays can be an

AFM1 level during

efficient choice to manage

supplementation of dietary

the mycotoxin menace in

activated clays was observed

dairy animals under

to be 0.04 ppb, whereas

commercial conditions. Note: References available on request.

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

KEY FACTORS FOR PROPER GRAIN STORAGE IN TROPICAL REGIONS The tropics are the hottest climate zone on earth. In the countries near the equator, average temperatures range between 25°C and 27°C, and although the efficient and safe handling and storage of grain is a crucial issue everywhere, heavy rains, high ambient temperatures and relative humidity in tropical environments pose significant challenges, such as: ·

Processing losses - A large proportion of grain losses occur in storage, but high air temperature and higher humidity of ambient air make the proper drying and storage of material more difficult

Food safety - About 25% of crops worldwide coming from the field are contaminated with mycotoxins, and additional contamination may occur if grain storage is not optimal. Typical tropical climate conditions mean favorable growing conditions for mycotoxins, mold and pests, making it more difficult to control and minimize the contamination.

Climate change - With many tropical countries already severely affected by climate change, all processes need to save substantial amounts of water and energy and avoid waste.

Often the level of industrialization in tropical countries is still so low that traditional methods for grain handling remain widely used. But traditional

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

methods have their limits

traditional drying methods,

to the required storage

with respect to the above-

such as sun-drying on the

moisture level.

mentioned challenges. To

ground — for example, on

Grain drying

achieve high yield in an

the street — are still

The drying of paddy can be

efficient way when operating

common. But while this is a

challenging. Even when

in a tropical environment —

cheap way to gently dry the

drying with large capacities,

and to ensure food safety —

crop, it does mean animals

drying speeds are high, and

hygienic and energy-efficient

can eat the grain. It is also an

the number of broken grains

industrial processes in grain

unhygienic drying process,

and energy consumption

cleaning, conveying, drying

due to contaminations and

need to be minimized. A

and storage are strongly

pests, and heavy rains can

dyer consisting of a

advised.

interrupt the drying. The

sequence of drying and

Besides that, the harvest

yield is low, the grain is not

tempering steps can give

volumes of countries around

dried homogeneously, and

better results. In the drying

the equator create the need

the storage stability is

steps, the paddy is dried at

for industrial grain handling

questionable.

tailored temperatures

solutions. But how do you

Compared to this, industrial

depending on the respective

set up a proper grain

drying processes are much

moisture levels. In the

handling process?

more stable and hygienic.

tempering steps between the

Grain cleaning

Industrial dryerdries at high

drying steps, the moisture

Clean grain handling

capacity, maximizing the

can distribute

processes begin with proper

grain's homogeneity and

homogeneously within the

cleaning, but in many cases

therefore quality, while at the

paddy kernel to minimize the

cleaners — if they are used

same time minimizing

creation of brokens.

at all — still only remove

energy consumption and

Compared to conventional

coarse impurities. To ensure

costs.

processes, this principle

food safety, poisonous

To achieve homogeneous

saves around 20% of energy

impurities and defective

drying of the grain and

at a given higher yield, as the

grain, along with

maximum product quality, an

amount of brokens is

contaminating spurs, also

optimal airflow within the

reduced.

need to be removed by a

dryer's product column is

Tropical regions also see

comprehensive cleaning

needed.

many types of biomass used

process right at the start.

A product flow separation

to fire heat sources, and the

As a positive side effect,

step in the drying column

dryers can be flexibly

removing impurities also

also acts as a static mixer, for

operated with a huge variety

means there is less material

further improved

of sources, for example, with

to be dried and stored.

homogeneity. A perfectly

steam heat exchangers or

Drying of wet grain down to

homogeneous drying

indirect biomass furnaces.

storage moisture is

process not only leads to an

When appropriate, gas or oil

necessary, and this process

optimum product quality but

heat sources also may be

step has a huge impact on

is also highly energy

used.

grain quality.

efficient. So, in a controlled

To protect the environment

In tropical countries

way the grain is gently dried

and to comply with

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

increasingly strict exhaust air

must be managed —

deviation of the defined

regulations, A dryer with an

temperature, moisture and

parameters appears,

exhaust air handling system

storage time. Low

enabling instant action and

minimizes the dust in the

temperature and low

avoiding discoloration and

exhaust air (< 20 mg/m3 for

moisture content allow for

grain losses as a result of

all grains other than paddy

substantially longer storage

hotspots. A comprehensive

and < 50 mg/m3 for paddy).

times and vice-versa. This is

contemporary industrial

Finding skilled operators can

key to success for grain

solution is therefore able to

be difficult, driving the desire

conservation under tropical

tackle the biggest grain

for excellent drying results

ambient conditions with high

storage challenges in a

that can be achieved

moisture and temperature

tropical environment:

independently of the

over most of the day.

Operational costs are

operator. Buhler provides a

Energy consumption

minimized by energy-saving

digital service comprising an

A further challenge is energy

solutions and yields are

automatic moisture control

consumption. Once the

maximized compared to

allowing for automatic

target temperature and

traditional grain handling

drying to the target

moisture are achieved, these

methods.

moisture, as well as

storage conditions should be

Using industrial grain

dashboards and mobile view

maintained in an efficient

handling solutions, process

for full process transparency

way by cooling in

losses are minimized as

and customized tech reports

consecutive cycles to

proper cleaning preserves

to support the plant's

minimize energy use. At the

the “good material,”

continuous improvement.

same time, grain losses due

homogeneous drying to the

Grain temperature

to respiration are minimized

exact target moisture

When storing the material, it

and insect exposure is

maximizes the yield, and

is necessary to avoid the

significantly reduced.

carefully controlled storage

creation of hot spots that

A new digital service

minimizes losses in the silos.

can cause the degradation of

technology developed at

And crucially, food safety is

the grain. Keeping the

Bühler for silo monitoring,

ensured by comprehensive

material at lower

which allows ambient and

cleaning, exact and hygienic

temperatures means the

grain conditions

drying, and proper storage

storage time can be

(temperature and moisture)

to keep the grain in a healthy

maximized and infestation

to be monitored. The user

and safe condition.

by pests can be avoided.

can set alarm levels based on

The technology is available

Given high ambient air

critical and warning

with Bühler. The company

temperatures, mere aeration

temperatures — all layers in

has built up extensive

may not be sufficient or may

a silo can be easily

knowledge of the key factors

even be harmful due to the

monitored and the aeration

that need to be considered

warm and humid air entering

and cooling precisely

for proper storage, as

the silo.

adjusted, saving energy and

documented by many

In these cases, the use of one

optimizing grain quality.

successful installations in

or more coolers is necessary.

The user receives

Southeast Asia.

Here, basically three factors

notifications once a

Source: Solsand Publications

www.benisonmedia.com

INDUSTRY NEWS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 10 | August 2021

ORGANIZED POULTRY FARMING IS ON RISE IN INDIA To benefit from ongoing changes in lifestyles and eating habits By the end of this decade,

ongoing changes in lifestyles

another option.

globally, poultry meat is

in general and eating habits

While compliance with food

expected to represent 41 per

in particular. No wonder, the

safety norms is critical, to

cent of all the protein from

share of organised

ensure robust and consistent

meat sources, according to

commercial farms is rising as

demand growth, it is

the OECD-FAO Agricultural

it is largely modernised and

necessary for the industry to

Outlook 2030.

technically improvised.

win customer trust,

Poultry meat consumption is

According to government

especially through constant

expected to rise as

data, egg production has

communication to educate

consumers are attracted due

been rising steadily, having

consumers.

not only to lower prices but

risen from 95 billion in 2017-

In a country where large-

also product consistency and

18 to 105 billion the

scale vegetarianism is a myth

adaptability as well as higher

following year and to 114

and where 70 per cent of the

protein / lower fat content,

billion in 2019-20. Similarly,

population is ready and

the report has said.

poultry meat production,

willing to eat meat when

While world poultry meat

too, has been expanding.

made affordable and

production in 2020 was an

from 3.7 ml t in 2017-18 it

accessible, the growth

estimated 134 million

grew to 4.1 ml t the

potential of the poultry industry is clear.

tonnes, the year witnessed

following year, and then on

pandemic-led demand

to 4.3 ml t in 2019-20.

destruction. However, the

Although ambitious, some

sector is expected to recover

projections suggest, by 2023,

have to be on the deck. The

as incomes begin to recover.

the country may produce

industry must work out

While disease outbreaks,

136 billion eggs and 6.2 ml t

where it wants to be by 2030

sanitary restrictions and

poultry meat.

and to reach there, estimate

trade policies will impact the

The growth of the country's

the number of birds (layers

evolution and dynamics of

poultry sector is not going to

and broilers) needed, feed

hands in the industry will

the world meat market,

be without challenges.

requirement, vaccine

interestingly, poultry can

Volatility in feed prices

supplies and investment in

respond more quickly to

cannot be wished away.

processing capacity.

market signals due to

Rising feed costs can

In a nutshell, the poultry

shorter production cycles as

potentially raise the overall

industry needs capital

compared with ruminants,

production costs in a price-

investment and must use

the report pointed out,

sensitive market. So, it may

technology in its operations

adding an improvement in

become necessary for the

to bring in greater efficiency

genetics, animal health and

large players to establish

in supply chain management

feeding practices can change

backward linkages and

and business processes,

quickly.

produce own feed material

while building resilience

The Indian poultry industry

like maize and soybean.

against unforeseen shocks in

is poised to benefit from the

Using commodity derivatives

future.

to hedge feed price risk is

To tap the potential, all

Source: The Hindu Business Line

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