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Volume 7 | Issue 4 February-2021
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Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology
EDITORIAL Publisher & Editor Prachi Arora prachi.a@benisonmedia.com
Managing Editor
A new ray of hope for the Indian livestock sector
Dr. T.K. Walli Former Head, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI
W
Subscription Head
enhanced the agriculture credit target from Rs 15 lakh
Designing & Online Marketing Head
ith the announcement of union budget for the financial year 2021-2022, the livestock
Gaurav Chander g.chander@benisonmedia.com
industry is given new hopes. To provide
adequate credit to farmers, the government has
crore in 2020-21 to Rs 16.5 lakh crore in 2021-22 with a focus on ensuring increased credit flows to animal
Ashwani Verma info@benisonmedia.com
husbandry, dairy, and fisheries. Though the animal husbandry budget is reduced from Rs 3289 crore to Rs 3102 in 2021-22. Whereas the fund allocation for the department of fisheries has been improved from Rs 825 crore to Rs 1221 crore. The finance minister announced five fishing harbors – Kochi, Chennai, Vishakhapatnam, Paradip, and Petuaghat to be
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developed. Along with the establishment of a seaweed park in Tamil Nadu. Government has also enhanced the allocation to the Rural Infrastructure Development Fund from 30,000 to 40,000 crore rupees. Well, looking to this budget, it looks quite a rosy picture for further development of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries. The allocation of large amount of funds for Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology
development as well as the credit flow to the farmer is definitely a welcome step. This issue brings interesting insights from industry stalwarts on Alternative Proteins in form of articles and interview. Also, the vision of the new chairman for CLFMA of India is covered. Last but not least is the Indian Feed Survey conducted with leading feed players of the country to share their perspectives about the industry. We hope you enjoy the coverage.
Prachi Arora
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale Former Chairman, CLFMA of India Dr. S.P. Vinil Poultry Expert Mr. Amit Sachdev Indian Representative, US Grain Council Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand US Soybean Export Council Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition, MAFSU, Parbhani Dr. SN Mohanty Former Principal Scientist, CIFA Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta Agricultural Economist Raghavan Sampath Kumar Commodity Expert Dr. Swamy Haladi Feed Additive Expert Dr. R Gnana Sekar Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu
MonthlyVollume Magazine for 10 Feed Technology 1 | Issue | August 2015
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
Contents R&D
ARTICLE 12 Meat & Bone Meal – An alternative feed ingredient
05 New Study Shows How Microalgae Could be Crucial to Circular Economy
15 Different Protein Alternatives in India
COVER STORY
22 Appreciating the Potential of Moringa Oleifera in Poultry Industry
08 Scope of Insect Meal 16 Another collaboration of Novus to become a leader in gut health solutions MARKET PROJECTION
26 Pushing the envelope with Phytase - Potentiated Phytase INDUSTRY NEWS
11 Vision of New CLFMA Chairman INDUSTRY SURVEY
06 Sri Lanka government allocate land for local Maize cultivation 20 India not to permit vaccination against avian influenza
18 Indian Feed Survey by Think Grain Think Feed
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Think Grain Think Feed is a monthly magazine published by BENISON Media at its office in Karnal. Editorial policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily those held by the editors. The data/information provided in the magazine is sourced through various sources and the publisher considers its sources reliable and verifies as much data as possible. However, the publisher accepts no liability for the material herein and consequently readers using this information do so at their own risk. Although persons and companies mentioned herein are believed to be reputable, neither BENISON Media, nor any of its employees or contributors accept any responsibility whatsoever for such persons’ and companies’ activities. All legal matters are subjected to Karnal Jurisdiction. Disclaimer : The published material and images are sourced from various websites and newspapers, and used for information purpose only, if you have any issue, please inform us at info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in. BENISON Media or Think Grain Think Feed is not liable for any claim prior to written information.
New Study Shows How Microalgae Could be Crucial to Circular Economy the researchers have demonstrated a novel way in which microalgae can grow and remediate organic waste.
New Swansea University research has revealed microalgae could play a crucial role in successfully reusing food and farm waste on an industrial scale.
which sees nutrients being used to generate another resource of value – creating wealth from waste. “Implementation of circular approaches in industry, by minimising waste and optimising reuse of resources, is of critical environmental importance,” said Dr Claudio FuentesGrünewald, lead author of the paper.
Microalgae are microscopic photosynthetic cells found naturally in the oceans and lakes. But in a new article, the University-based ALG-AD research group explains how unwanted nutrients from food waste can be used to grow algae. The algae convert the nutrients into protein which can in turn be fed to farm animals as a replacement to less sustainable soya protein.
“Microalgal cultures are particularly adept at waste remediation and are also incredibly versatile in how the biomass produced can be processed and applied,” he added.
A key aim of the ALG-AD project, led by the College of Science, is to investigate this circular economy process
The article, published in prestigious journal Bioresource Technology, goes into detail about how
So far, the ability of microalgae to solve environmental issues has only been demonstrated on a relatively small scale. Microalgae can grow and produce biomass in different ways depending on conditions and ALG-AD has successfully demonstrated a combination of two different growth modes on an industrial scale at its UK pilot facility at Langage AD, Plymouth, England. The team now aims to process the algal biomass for animal feed and other products of value. Analysis of this biomass has revealed it is higher in protein than the commercially cultivated equivalent, and the algae also show interesting increases in carotenoids, molecules known for their health-boosting properties. Currently, microalgal biotechnology is still evolving, but is increasing in global prevalence, with applications in industrial fields ranging from pharmaceuticals and cosmetics to feeds and biostimulants. Source: swansea
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R&D
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
INDUSTRY NEWS
Sri Lanka government allocate land for local Maize cultivation Sri Lanka will lease 2,750 acres of underutilised land to potential investors for a period of one year to produce 250,000 metric tons of maize that will be used in the production of Thriposha and other animal foods, the Government Department of Information (GDI) said. Land from the Rambaken Oya zone that is controlled by the Sri Lanka Mahaveli Authority and do not come under any reserve will be allocated for this purpose, with the objective of encouraging local agricultural producers to locally produce maize at a large scale. The DGI said the maize cultivated in these lands will be used in the production of Thriposha, a local cereal with high-nutrition content provisioned free of charge
for pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers and infants with nutritional deficiencies. Thrioposha is also used as animal feed. The cabinet of ministers noted that the government has taken measures to limit the import of food crops that have been designated for cultivation within the country with the objective of controlling foreign exchange influx. Early last year Sri Lanka banned the import of maize in a move to protect the local producers. Agriculture Department Director (Development) Ajantha De Silva said early last year that the ban was imposed to protect local farmers who are benefiting from new investments in to R&D. He said the Field Crop Research and Development
Institute at Mahailuppallama has developed a new variety of hybrid maize which produces a higher yield than the normal maize variety available. Sri Lanka produces about 250,000 metric tonnes of maize and has a national requirement of 600,000MT. According to reports the poultry feed requirement is around 400,000 metric tonnes, the dairy sector consumes another 200,000 metric tonnes of maize as cattle feed. The country was importing the balance mainly from India and Ukraine. Amid all this the country has a huge armyworm infestation issue. Sri Lanka's maize crop has been hit by fall armyworm from around 2019 and several mitigation procedures have been followed. Source: EconomyNext
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INTERVIEW
Investment in the industry is expected to exceed USD 3 billion by end of this decade.
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
Scope of Insect Meal Alternative raw materials are high in demand but there is constraint for availability, consistent quality and even pricing. Think Grain Think Feed covered e-interview of Mr. Leo Wein, Managing Director of Protenga who shared his perspective on scope of insect meal and its usage in feed. Would you please share the scope of insect meal (in India if possible)? Also, for which species it is used maximum? Insect farming is an emerging industry for the supply of protein meal and oil into pet food and livestock feed systems, particularly aquaculture, poultry and swine. Insect protein meals have a favourable amino acid profile while the oil, which is rich in lauric acid, is an important energy source and has beneficial effects on animal health. Protenga's flagship product for this market are Hermet Protein and Hermet Oil, a high-protein insect meal as well as a premium feed-grade insect oil derived from Black Soldier Fly.
Leo Wein, Protenga
A major feature of insect farming is the ability to convert byproduct streams from agriculture and food processing into a high value animal feed ingredient. Production systems are intensive, and typically employ vertical farming principles. Production occurs year-round creating the opportunity to have very high productivity with a small physical and environmental footprint. The industry is growing at a rapid pace. The first commercial businesses were developed in the late 2000's. Around the world today there are some 70 commercial businesses seeking to establish farming operations to supply products from insect farming for animal production. The industry is attracting substantial capital investments, with some reports
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INTERVIEW
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
suggesting that by the end of this decade total investment in the development of the sector will exceed USD 3 billion. The two main insect species being developed commercially for insect protein are black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetiaillucens) and yellow meal worm (Tenebrio molitor). The production systems are still very much in development and we can expect to see substantial levels of innovation through the coming decade. Increasingly the industry is receiving strong support from the scientific community, providing key insights into the physiology, genetics, and dietary and management needs of the insects being industrialized. The largest usage of insect meal is currently in pet foods, particularly dog food, were it serves as a protein and amino acid source, but also as a palatant and product differentiator. In aquaculture, there's commercial demand mainly for salmon, trout, shrimp and carnivorous marine fish farming (e.g. barramundi) feed applications. Aquaculture demand is expected to be a main driver for the growth of the insect farming industry. Poultry and swine applications are also commercially demonstrated. For poultry, the use of live larvae in free-range broiler and layer production systems has gotten traction, due to the good results.
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Consistent quality is a concern in case of
alternative feed raw materials. Can you please share with our readers about quality aspects of insect meal and other byproducts? Product quality and safety are of critical importance to producers of insect products. Insect products are approved for use in pet food and aquaculture in Europe, and European authorities recently approved use of mealworms for human consumption. Approval for poultry and swine in the EU is expected 2021 or 2022. Insect products are produced using best practice manufacturing processes comparable to other highquality animal protein manufacturing processes. Conditions are controlled with respect to inputs, process parameters and outputs, with the goal of ensuring a high level of safety and quality. Reputable producershave rigorous quality and hygiene control procedures and traceability systems in place to ensure compliance with local and international regulatory requirements. In several regions such as South East Asia, industry associations have formed, that provide orientation and guidance on the emerging market and regulatory requirements. In South East Asia, the Asian Food & Feed Insect Association (AFFIA) is bringing together some of the main insect farming companies. Can you share any case
study about the impact on performance (for poultry or other species) while using insect-meal as an ingredient? Feeding trials have been conducted with many species including salmon, rainbow trout, tilapia, perch and catfish. BSF protein meal can be used to replace up to 100% of the fishmeal component of diets for salmon (Bruni et al. 2020, Li et al. 2020), and more generally up to 30% of total dietary requirements across a broad range of species (Hua 2020). Inclusion of BSF in salmon diets has positively affected gut health. In poultry, up to 30% of the diet of layers and broilers can be replaced with BSF insect meal. Insect Meal can be included in the diets of day-old chicks. Insect oil can serve as a replacement for palm oil and poultry fat with no detrimental effects on bird performance (Benzertiha 2019). Feeding whole live larvae to broilers improves leg health, reduces fearfulness and health benefits are observed including reduced feather pecking (Ipema 2020). Replacing soybean meal with live BSF larvae in the diets of laying hens did not alter feed conversion ratio, body weight gain or egg laying, but improved feather condition and reduced pecking (Star 2020). Feeding trials have long advanced beyond the research lab and are evaluated across various
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
produced ingredients, and provide differentiated offerings to their customers. There is excitement about the health benefits afforded by including BSF in aquaculture and poultry diets, suggesting that insect
farming products offer the animal production industry more than just an ingredient that serves as a dietary replacement for fishmeal and soybean meal. For any R&D or commercial enquiries you may write to sales@protenga.com References are available upon request.
Vision of New CLFMA Chairman Neeraj Kumar Srivastava, Chairman, CLFMA of India It is a unique privilege and honour for me to being elected as the Chairman of CLFMA OF INDIA. I feel humbled to follow in the illustrious traditions of the First Chairman, Shri G V Sirur, and Great Legacy of my predecessors, Shri. A. B. Godrej, Shri. N. B. Godrej, Shri Pravin Lunkad, Shri. P. S. Neeraj Kumar Srivastava Nandakumar, Shri. Anand Menon, Dr. S. L. Anaokar, Dr. S. V. Vaidya, Mr. Bharat Tandon, Mr. B. S. Yadav, Mr. B. Soundararajan and many more. To follow in their roles is a big task, but I am sure and confident that with the help, blessings and cooperation from allthe members, we shall attain greater heights for CLFMA OF INDIA.
departments, agriculture universities, veterinary colleges and national research institutes in India as well as outside the country. CLFMA of India has over 230 members representing diverse subsectors of animal protein value chain including feed manufacturing, poultry, dairy and aquaculture business, animal nutrition and health, veterinary services, machinery and equipment, processing, distribution and retailing of meat and ancillary services such as banking.
INDUSTRY THOUGHT
applications by producers of animal feeds establishing its uses and benefits across all main application areas. Feed producers as well as farmers & livestock producers are keen to brand their products as including sustainably
The industry and the whole world is going through a unique challenge arising out of COVID-19,the efforts required to overcome is stupendous. I assure you that CLFMA OF INDIA shall continue to remain vigilant and active to influence policy matters at National and State levels to make our businesses profitable. Our focus is going to be bringing in new technology to upgrade and improve knowledge of our members and improve operations at par with global standards. Our vision is to create high level of awareness in marketing and branding of our end products to help a sustainable growth of our industry through digital marketing, working closely with policy makers and by many other efforts. CLFMA of India is an apex organization and the voice of the country's dynamic livestock sector. The 54-year -old industry association is recognized as one among the highly reputed in India. CLFMA OF INDIA is well recognized by livestock farmers, central and state governments, government
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Image Source: TOMRA
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ARTICLE
Meat & Bone Meal – An alternative feed ingredient Dr. S.S. Pattabhirama, Nanda Group
India is the largest exporter of buffalo meat in the world with the highest population of buffaloes which accounts for about 58% of the global buffalo population. As per 2019 census, buffalo population in India is 109 million. In the year 2020, about 34.5 million cattle & buffaloes have been slaughtered for meat production in the country whereas Meat and Bone Meal (MBM), the by-product is globally used as an alternative protein source in Poultry & Aqua feeds. In poultry feed formulations, soybean meal is used as the major source of protein and amino acids. Whenever the prices of soybean meal are higher, nutritionists have the option of using alternative protein sources like
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
Dr. S.S. Pattabhirama
results in a substantial reduction of feed cost. An example of cost reduction by reformulating is given in table 3. However, one has to be very cautious while using MBM with regards to bacterial contamination. Properly sterilized MBM should be free from salmonella, clostridia, and E coli. The total bacterial count should be less than 10*103 CFU per gram of the sample.
Rapeseed meal, Groundnut
with a rich amino acid profile
doc, Cottonseed meal,
the minerals like calcium and
Sesame doc, Maize gluten,
phosphorous are necessary
DDGS, Meat & bone meal
for bone growth & strength.
(MBM), etc. Among all these,
It is also rich in total fat
MBM is a unique ingredient
Table 1: Nutrient Composition of Meat & Bone Meal Parameters
Percent
Moisture, max
8
Crude Protein
42-45
which is a good source of
Crude Fat
5-10
that contains good quality
Metabolizable Energy (ME).
Total Ash
30-35
protein as well as a rich
The ME levels vary from
Sand & Silica, max
2
source of major minerals like
2200-2400 Kcal/kg
Calcium, min
10
calcium & phosphorous.
depending on the quality.
Phosphorous, min
5
While protein serves as
Not only this, the inclusion
ME, Kcal/ kg
2200 - 2500
building blocks of the body
of MBM in poultry diets
07 13
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ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
Table 2: Amino Acid Composition of Meat & Bone Meal
The MBM inclusion allows
source like a Meat
nutritionists to reduce
Processing Company wherein
DCP/MCP as a phosphorous
the material (inedible parts)
source which reduces the
will be cooked & rendered
Amino Acid
Total %
SID* % Dig %
Lysine
2.15
69
1.48
feed costs substantially. The
immediately after the
Methionine
0.53
72
0.38
inclusion levels may vary
portioning of the meat. Such
M+C
0.91
62
0.56
from 2 to 5% depending on
material will be generally
Threonine
1.31
62
0.81
the type of feeds. It is
fresh and free from spoilage
Valine
1.84
70
1.29
generally used at a higher
and bacterial contamination.
Arginine
3.23
77
2.49
level in layer feeds and a
As mentioned earlier, while
Tryptophan
0.21
53
0.11
slightly lower level in broiler
using MBM one should
Leucine
2.49
71
1.77
feeds. While it is not
consider replacing soybean
recommended in breeder
Isoleucine
1.13
69
0.78
meal as well as DCP/MCP.
Phenyl Alanine
1.41
70
0.99
Histidine
0.61
71
0.43
* Standardized Ileal digestibility
feeds because of the risk of
About 3% inclusion of MBM
bacterial contamination.
can give the same average of
The level of inclusion is
P as 1% DCP or 0.75% MCP.
decided based on the quality
The reformulations replacing
of MBM, its price, availability
soybean meal & DCP with
& the type of feeds. It is
MBM is shown in the table 3
recommended to prefer the
with illustrations of cost
material from a reliable
savings per ton considering prevailing raw material
Table 3 : Example of feed cost savings with 3% inclusion in broiler diets Ingredient
Cost/kg (Rs) Added raw Cost of added Materials Cost of Reduced material/ton material/ton reduced/ton items/ton of of feed (Kgs) (Rs) (Kgs) feed (Rs)
Maize
15
SBM
42
MBM
44
17.15
maintaining the same nutritive value is about Rs
1344
Paise per Kg Conclusion:
1320
MBM is a good alternative
Rice Bran Oil 95
4
380
LSP
3.5
2
7
DCP
38
10
380
Lysine
150
300 gms
45
of MBM results in substantial
DLM
350
150 gms
52.5
cost savings in poultry diets
Threonine
180
200 gms
36
replacing by soyabean meal
Valine
350
150 gms
52.5
and DCP when the material
Total
47
Difference
347.75
protein source that also contains a good amount of phosphorous. The inclusion
is procured from a reputed &
48 1763.25
14
Net savings per ton
350 per ton of feed or 35
257.25 32
30
prices.
2111
reliable source which is free from bacterial contamination.
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
Different Protein Alternatives in India Chirag Garg, Prorich Agro Soya doc has been historically considered as
on growth, general acceptance limits of
one point protein source. Eventually,
DDGS is as follows:
Mustard doc, Groundnut doc, Sunflower
Layer feed – up to 10%
doc, etc. found its place as a substitute to soya otherwise soya prices would have skyrocketed till now. With further
Chirag Garg
Broiler feed – up to 3-5% Cattle feed – up to 22%
development in the market and research on
Fish/Shrimp feed - max 3%
alternatives, other alternatives are also
Digestibility is considered around 85% for
getting experimented. One of the major
DDGS.
alternatives which has gained a lot of
The cost of feed is likely to get reduced by
traction is Rice DDGS 45% which has
25-30% by inclusion of alternative sources
comparable amino acid profile to soya and
of protein as per acceptable limits.
can be easily substituted with soya in
Corn DDGS from USA:
various feed diets up to a certain percentage without affecting the feed quality or production.
USA supplies over 10 lakh tonnes of Corn DDGS every month across the globe in vessel loads. The product is relatively new
Other products are Corn DDGS, Guar Korma
for India and due to GMO restrictions US
45%, Maize Gluten 60% (another historically
Corn DDGS is not allowed in Indian market.
known and accepted product), Rice Gluten
Our team has been working with various
45%, Cassia Tora Meal.
feed millers across the country on pros and
Inclusion of DDGS in different type of feeds:
cons of DDGS products and how it can
To ensure that there is no negative impact
bring more competitiveness in the market.
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INTERVIEW
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
Another collaboration of Novus to become a leader in gut health solutions After the recent collaboration of Novus International with biotechnology company Agrivida, Think Grain Think Feed connected with Dr. Vaibhav Nagpal, Novus vice president and chief commercial officer – Asia and Dr. Michael Raab, Agrivida president to further understand the partnership. Please read the excerpts below: TGTF: Would you please share details about the recent collaboration of Novus International with innovative technology provider – Agrivida? Dr Nagpal: Novus signed a strategic partnership agreement in December 2020 with the innovative crop biotech company Agrivida. The partnership agreement combines Novus's experience in applied research, sales, and marketing with Agrivida's unique technology platform, production capability and biotech expertise. The focus of the partnership is in three areas: o
Development of new innovative gut health products through a joint R&D innovation pipeline
o
Developing the market for Agrivida's current GRAINZYME® feed additive products
o
Developing the global supply chain for this new class of products
TGTF: Can you please update our readers about the status of the collaboration? As the official release says products would be available in the US market but how long it can take to reach the Asian market?
Dr. Vaibhav Nagpal
Dr Raab: Agrivida's products are currently only registered for sale in the U.S. The Novus team is actively engaged in identifying regulatory pathways globally and more information about regulatory and our international market launches will be coming soon. TGTF: Dr. Nagpal, how this collaboration is going to support the present product portfolio of Novus? Dr Nagpal: Novus announced our strategic plan, Project Density, in early 2020. The aim of that plan is to transform the company to become a leader in gut health solutions through nutrition, which includes new technologies. Agrivida's current enzyme products complement Novus's existing gut health solutions. Using a natural carrier, in this case, corn kernels, Agrivida has created a more sustainable and effective delivery system for feed additives. The unique technology platform has the potential to deliver new gut health products, such as antibodies or antimicrobials to control detrimental gut microbes or deliver novel proteins that promote beneficial microbial growth throughout the GI-tract. TGTF: Dr Raab, please tell us more about Agrivida. Dr Raab: The company was founded by scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) who were focused on improving the manufacture and use of enzymes in a completely new way. Our innovative technology
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
developments have earned several research grants from both the U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, and several state agencies.
Dr. Michael Raab
Agrivida's flagship product, GRAINZYME® Phytase is a corn variety that produces a very high concentration of phytase in the grain. The concentrations are so high that only a few hundred grams are required to treat an entire ton of complete feed. Through years of research, Agrivida can now deliver enzyme feed additives inside corn grain, which circumvents fermentation, formulation, and coating while still delivering an effective phytase enzyme to the animal. Our nutritional products are packaged perfectly for the animals by nature. TGTF: Would you please share details about the unique technology and how is it more beneficial to the end customers? Dr Raab: Agrivida's novel and innovative technology focuses on delivering additives in a completely unique and sustainable way – directly inside of the grain. This creates a more effective delivery mechanism that integrates directly into standard feed production processes, enabling lower costs and precision dosing for customers. Because it is delivered in the corn itself, it offsets a small amount of corn in the diet and can free up premix space or microbins that may otherwise be employed when adding competing additives. Further, because we rely on agricultural production that is already necessary for making feed, our technology alleviates external fermentation and formulation processes. TGTF: What opportunities do you see in various markets and which species are targeted with this new product? Dr Nagpal: Novus believes our customers value innovative, sustainable solutions to their challenges that also improve their cost position, and they will be eager to integrate a novel technology that delivers these advantages. The partnership is focused on developing novel feed additives using the sustainable and natural delivery system of corn for animal health through nutrition. Agrivida's current enzyme portfolio can be used in all species with enzyme products for swine and poultry already available in the U.S. and enzyme products for ruminants available very soon. In the future, we see additional feed additives, including new enzymes and even animal health products, being delivered through this system. We look forward to bringing this technology to customers and having them join us on the journey to continue driving our industry into the future.
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INDUSTRY SURVEY
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
Indian Feed Survey by Think Grain Think Feed Think Grain Think Feed connected with feed manufacturers and integrators to understand their perspective on market and if there have been any changes in the feed production due to COVID-19. 75 participants representing highest feed production of 200,000 MT per month to lowest of 150 MT per month with multiple feed milling facilities across the country participated in the survey. Below is the survey report:
When do you think that Indian poultry production will gain momentum in growth as pre-COVID era?
Do you think FSSAI regulation will successfully improve the availability of quality feed in India?
Q1 2021 32.9%
No
Beyond 2022
24%
5.5%
Q1 2022 8.2%
Yes
Q3 2021
76%
53.4% How do you think Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, 2020 can impact the Indian feed industry?
Which alternative raw material has maximum scope as protein supplement/ as a partial replacement of soybean meal in poultry feed manufacturing in India?
DDGS
50.7%
21.7%
Fish meal
Positively 56%
Negatively 22.7%
Insect meal
Can’t say anything 21.3%
What will be the Consumer demand trend for 2021 and forward Packed RTE (Ready to Eat) products Value-added products Wet market will considerably come down
18
30.7% 50.6% 18.7%
Others
14.5%
13.1%
Do you think India should allow GM feed crops imports?
No 36%
Yes 64%
Minimum protein of Indian corn gluten is 65-67% while it is 60% for GM corn gluten, said a leading feed player.
Do you think India should imply AMR guidelines?
Yes, completely agree
Yes, to some extent
48%
45.3%
Which factors according to you have a major impact on antibiotic free production?
No 6.7%
How do you predict the poultry processing industry growing in India?
56.3%
I believe consumer awareness will bring change in antibiotic free production
31.3%
I believe legislative compulsion will bring change in antibiotic free production
7.3%
I believe both factors will bring change in antibiotic free production
5.1%
I believe other factors will bring change in antibiotic free production
What’s the Year on Year growth of Indian Cattle Feed industry you expect for next 5 years?
Higher growth rate
47.3% Same as it was before the pandemic
33.8%
54.9%
Growth Rate of 8%
Industry will remain same
19.7%
25.4%
Growth Rate of more than 10%
Growth Rate of 10%
18.9%
According to you, which segment of animal protein in India and in which region (North, South, East, West), has the maximum growth potential in the coming decade?
40
Milk
Egg
Chicken
Fish
30 20 10 0 North
South
East
West
What according to you would matter most in the coming years? 33.3%
Sustainable production Feed Quality
49.3%
Feed Safety Others
14.7% 2.7%
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
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INDUSTRY SURVEY
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
What according to you can improve aqua consumption in India?
Did your feed manufacturing capacity reduce in Jan-Dec 2020?
Consumer awareness
49.3%
No 49.2%
Better pricing
37.7% Others
Yes
13%
Only 35% of producers with more than 5000 MT per month production reported a reduction in feed production while a major chunk of 65% said it remained same.
India not to permit vaccination against avian influenza Image Source: Zee Business
INDUSTRY NEWS
50.8%
Union Minister of State for Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying Sanjeev Kumar
gets too difficult to detect.
the solution for the control of
"The Government of India has
Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) if
not permitted use of any
eradication is the desired
vaccine against bird flu in the
result," Union Minister Sanjeev
country. Further, it is gathered
Kumar Balyan said in a written
from the Central Drugs
reply to the Rajya Sabha.
Standards Control
Without the application of
Organization (CDSCO) that no
monitoring systems, strict
such vaccine is approved in
biosecurity and depopulation
countries like the USA, UK, EU
in the face of infection, there is
etc. to prevent/cure bird flu in
a possibility that these viruses
birds," he noted.
could become endemic in
In a separate reply, the minister
vaccinated poultry
said bird flu among
populations, he said.
commercially reared and wild
Long-term circulation of the
birds have been confirmed
Organization of Animal Health,
virus in a vaccinated
from 14 states and union
vaccination is not the solution
population may result in both
territories namely Kerala,
for the control of bird flu 'if
antigenic and genetic changes
Haryana, Madhya Pradesh,
eradication is the desired
in the virus and this has been
Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh,
result'
reported to have occurred in
Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh,
Balyan said that as per World
India has not given permission for use of any vaccine against bird flu nor other countries like
several countries, the Minister
Uttarakhand, Punjab, Himachal
of State for Fisheries, Animal
Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan,
Husbandry and Dairying said.
Delhi, and Jammu and Kashmir.
The minister further explained
So far, the Centre has provided
Union have approved any such
that with the long-term use of
Rs 103.56 crore assistance to
vaccine, the government
vaccination either the disease
these 14 states/union
informed Parliament recently.
becomes endemic and
territories for control of bird
therefore widespread, or the
flu, he added.
the US, UK and the European
"As per World Organization of
20
vaccination is not considered
Animal Health (OIE),
infection in affected animals
Source: firstpost
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
Image Source: Medikonda Nutrients
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ARTICLE
Appreciating the Potential of Moringa Oleifera in Poultry Industry Anshul Gautam, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
Introduction: The human population is increasing at a rapid rate and simultaneously the demand of animal protein is also increasing. Poultry is a good and cheap source of protein but in developing countries like India, the production cost becomes the major limitationin raising poultry. There is a need to switch to some non- traditional feed sources which will not only decreases the competition between human and poultry for protein requirement, but also decreases the production costin poultry farming. Moringa oleifera is one uniqueexample of an alternative protein supplement for poultry. Besides a good nutrient composition, it has many other properties like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancerous, anti-cholesteroland immune enhancing properties. So, apart from reducing the production cost it can also help in reducing the public health hazards, which are caused by the use of various antimicrobialsin poultry feed. In this article the possible role of Moringa oleiferaalongwith its benefits in poultry industries have been discussed. Chemical composition of Moringa Oleifera: The plant is known as miracle tree,drumstick tree, ben oil treeandhorseradish tree. It is also known
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
as wealthy tree,because of
amino acids such as
being a rich resource of
lysine, phenylalanine,
Table 1 showing proximate composition of Moringa oleifera Leaf meal (Alabi oj et al ,2017)
various nutrients with high
isoleucine, methionine,
Parameters
biological values. Every part
threonine and valine.
Percentage Composition (%)
of the plant from root to tree
·Plant contains a rare and
Dry Matter (DM)
94.25
is rich in nutrients and has
rich combination of
Ether Extract (EE)
5.50
beneficial properties.The
zeatin, quercetin, b
leaves of the plant are the
Crude Protein (CP)
23.80
sitosterol, caffeoylquinic
most preferred part.The
acid and kaempferol.
Crude Fibre (CF)
16.57
Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE)
38.63
Ash
9.75
metabolizable energy of the Moringa oleifera leaf meal is 8.51MJ/Kg.
·Heavy metals such as
mercury, arsenic, cadmium which are
Other properties:
potential toxics are
·Plant is rich in minerals
absent from leaves of the
such as
ascorbic acid, tocopherol Different properties of
esium, phosphorus,iron,
moringa oleifera with their
selenium, zinc, copper
concerned bioactive
and vitamins such as
compounds:
vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, ascorbic acid and á-
Antioxidant Properties ·Due to the presence of
plant.
calcium,potassium,magn
Escherichia coli.
, carotenoids,flavonoids, selenium ,gallic acid,chlorogenic acid,rutin,apigenin,astrag
Antimicrobial Properties
alin,quercetin,kaempferol that confer
·Due to the presence of
tocopherol. ·Moringa oleifera leaves
have calcium equivalent of 4 glasses of milk,3 times the iron of spinach, 4times the vitamin A in
lipophilic compounds
neuroprotection by
and different metabolites
scavenging free radicals
such as carboxylic acid ,
or activating cellular
2,4-diacetyl
antioxidant system
phloroglucinol, benzyl
Antiinflammatory
thiocarboxamide and
Properties
chitinases present in
carrot,2 times the protein
·Due to the presence of
plant cell wall.
in milk. (Loren,2007)
quercetin,different
·Phenolics, polyphenols,
·Protein quality and
quantity are higher than many conventional
terpenoids, essential oils,
isothiocyanates,kaempfer
alkaloids, lectins have
ol.
strong antibacterial
protein supplements. It is
activity against
rich in many essential
glycosides,various
Hypocholestrolemic Functions
Table 2 showing broiler feed requirements at different production stages of the broiler birds (BIS ,2007)
Parameters
Moisture Crude Protein Ether Extract Crude Fibre Acid Insoluble Salt Metabolizable (%) Max (%) Min. (%) Min (%) Max. Ash (%) Max (%) Max Energy (Kcal/Kg) Min.
Broiler pre-starter feed (0- 1 week)
11
23
3
5
2.5
0 .5
3000
11
22
3.5
5
2.5
0.5
3100
11
20
4
5
2.5
0.5
3200
Broiler starter feed (2-3 week) Broiler finisher feed (4-6 week)
Example of a broiler ration – grain such as maize - 20% and jowar-40%, soyabean meal-10%, cake such as GNC -5%, rapeseed meal-15%, fish meal-8%, mineral and vitamin mixture-1.5%, salt-0.5%.
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ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
·â-sitosterol and 4-[á -(L-
To achieve rapid growth of
protein deposition on
rhamnosyloxyl)benzyl]-o-
broilers and a good profit the
the muscle fibres which
methyl thiocarbamate
feed of broilers should
is evident by increased
exhibit cholestrol
contain a good energy source
muscle fibre diameter
lowering activities.
such as grains or their by-
and thus resulting into
Strenghten the Immune
products; protein source such
higher muscle weight
System
as soyabean meal, cakes and
and dressing %.
·Niaziridin ,found in the
plant improves the absorption of different vitamins,minerals,and other micronutrients in the gastrointestinal tract of birds. ·A fair amount of copper
present increases the gut health by decreasing the intestinal crypt depth. ·Plant also contain the
fish meal for their rapid
·Improved colour of the
growth; a good vitamin
carcass because of
mixture, mineral mixture and
carotenoids presents in
salt to prevent any deficiency
the plant.
disease. Antibiotics and coccidiostats are also added
in the carcass.
in the feed. As it is a well-known fact that
·Improved tibia bone
parameters due to
the birds eat to meet their
presence of
energy requirements, so it
phytoestrogens
becomes important to adjust
flavonoids by inhibiting
other nutrients in the feed
the activity of
accordingly, especially the
ingredients which are
calorie -protein ratio should
able to neutralise toxic
be maintained.
elements in feed.
·Improved PUFA content
osteoclasts. ·Increased pH, increased
water holding capacity of
Moringa oleifera can replace
breast muscles.
Antitumour Formation
the protein sources up to 10%
·The various antioxidants
in broiler diets without any
present in the plant
adverse effects on growth
through improved
activates pro-apoptotic
and carcass qualities.
intestinal
protein such as caspases,
(Onunkwo and George,2015)
TRAIL and inhibit activity
The inclusion of Moringa
of anti-apoptotic
oleifera in broiler diet has
proteins like Bcl2,IAPs.
been proven to cause the
Inclusion of Moringa
following positive effects:
Oleifera in diet of broilers:
·It causes increased
·Promotes gut health
microarchitecture and cellular count. Inclusion of Moringa Oleifera in diet of layers: The ingredients used in layer feed are more or less similar
Table 3 showing layer feed requirements at different production stages of the layer bird (BIS,2007)
Parameters
Chick Layer Feed (0-8weeks) Grower Layer Feed (8-20 weeks) Layer Phase-1 (20-42weeks) Layer Phase-2 (42-72weeks)
Moisture Crude Protein Ether Extract Crude Fibre Acid Insoluble Salt Metabolizable (%) Max (%) Min. (%) Min (%) Max. Ash (%) Max (%) Max Energy (Kcal/Kg) Min. 11
20
2
7
4
0.5
2800
11
16
2
9
4
0.5
2500
11
18
2
9
4
0.5
2600
11
16
2
10
4.5
0.5
2400
Example of a layer ration- maize-35%, barley-15%, soyabean meal-10%, GNC-10%, wheat bran -15%, fish meal-5%, mollases-3%, calcium source such as limestone ground-5%, mineral and vitamin mixture-1.5%, salt-0.5%.
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
to broiler feed except that
movement of water from
antibiotic resistance at an
layer feed also includes a rich
albumin to yolk during
affordable price. It can also
source of calcium.
storage there by
address the problem of high
Moringa oleifera leaf mealcan
maintaining the quality
production cost. In spite of all
be included up to 10% in diet
of egg for a longer
these advantages the use of
of layer without having any
period.
Moringa oleiferain the poultry
adverse effects on their ·Reduces the incidence of
performance. (Kakengi et
E. coli infections.
al,2007)
·Higher nutrient
The inclusion of Moringa oleifera in diet of layers has been proven to cause
composition in egg yolk.
Moringa oleifera can play an important role in poultry
colour due to the
industry without having any
presence of carotenoids
adverse effect on poultry
present in the plants.
health. It can address the gut ·Increased albumin height
and Haugh unit during storage. ·It prevents the
There is a need to explore more about the plant and comprehending its use in the poultry industry in the best way.And more importantly,
Conclusion:
following effects ·Improved egg yolk
industryis not up to the mark.
health changes in poultry and can be used as novel growth promoter. Besides all these, it represents a solution for
animal nutritionists should indulge in awareness drive to propagate among the poultry feed manufacturers the use of moringa leaf as a good protein supplement in poultry feed, apart from its multifaceted added advantages to the animals. References are available upon request
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Digitalization bringing revolution in Indian livestock industry 26 March, Friday at 4.00 PM (IST) Digitalisation is an integral part of modern agriculture which is disrupting the Indian poultry and livestock industry. Business have taken a learn in harnessing technology to drive efficiency and greater productivity throughout the value chain - from feed to the dining table, we see tremendous opportunity for further transformation. The purpose of the webinar is to discuss the transition process, economic benefits it has brought to the business, and the challenges faced during the transition with the early adaptors.
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ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
Pushing the envelope with Phytase Potentiated Phytase Dr Pooja Rawal, Dr Dibyendu Dey, Mr Vinay Kulkarni, Dr C.V. Chandrasekaran, Optima Life Sciences Introduction: Phosphorus is one of the essential minerals for all the living organisms including poultry. Phosphorus being a part of energy currency, plays a critical role in cellular metabolism as well as it is also required in bone formation. Phosphorus is bound to Phytic acid in plants thus doesn't get avail to poultry. To compensate this, additionally Phosphorus source supplements such as Dicalcium Phosphate is added in the feed. This addition increases the feed cost and decreases the profitability out of poultry production. In addition to this the bound Phosphorus excreted as it is in the environment thus polluting the environment also (Peter.H.Selle et al). Apart from decreasing phosphorus availability, Phytic acid chelates with various divalent, amino acid and decreases their absorption as well. To overcome aforesaid problems, Phytase development and addition has been a very innovative approach to bring the best out of nutrition and to reduce the cost of production. Phytase catalyses the hydrolysis of Phytate (present in feed) in stepwise manner and releases bound Phosphorus and inositol, thus reducing the cost of additional phosphorus in diet. Solely the addition of phytase wouldn't reduce the cost or would increase the efficiency of production. Various attributes that are associated with the stability of enzymes should also be considered to meet out the actual benefit out of the addition of Phytase enzyme. In this article stability parameters linked with phytase and their importance is discussed. Need of Phytase addition: · Augmenting Phosphorus release
IP5
IP4
IP3
IP2
IP1
I5
P
P
P
P
P
P
IP6
PHYTASE Exogenous phytase when added in the feed releases the bound Phosphorus in stepwise manner and thus increases its availability to the bird. · Lowering the feed cost
To compensate the deficiency of Phosphorus, additional phosphorus is added in the diet in the form of Dicalcium Phosphate that results in increase feed cost. Phytase addition somewhere reduces the feed cost by increasing the availability of
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
Phosphorus and decreasing
Image 1: Attributes associated with the addition of Exogeneous Phytase:1
the requirement of addition of Phosphorus source in the
Enzyme Stability
feed. · Diminishing the
environmental pollution Phosphorus being in bound
Storage/Shelf stability
Operational stability
Stability of enzyme when stored i.e., retention of activity over time
Retention of activity when in use. To withstand the pelleting temperature
form, passes in the excreta as such, thus being deposited in the natural resources. Extraction of phosphorus leads to depletion of nonrenewable resources. Phytase addition solved this problem to some extent.
Graph 1: Effect of pH on Phytase stability 8500
the addition of Exogeneous
7500
Phytase: In general, enzyme being a biocatalyst should be stable to show its complete activity and to fulfil the purpose it is specifically manufactured for (as shown in image 1).
Activity (FTU g-1)
Attributes associated with
6500 5500 4500 3500 2500 1500 500
· Ideal feature of Phytase
-500
when in operation o
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
pH
Thermostability- to
A. oryzae
withstand high pelleting
A. niger
A. oryzae Regression
temperature.
S. cerevisae
A. niger Regression
S. cerevisae Regression
Source: Effect of pH and temperature on the activity of phytase products used in broiler nutrition-Naves L de P et al
o
Good gastric tolerance and stability to resist
Graph 2: Effect of temperature on phytase stability
birds own enzymes. Stability at low pH.
40
o
High rate and extent of
35
Phytate breakdown- to sustain its activity even at low phytate concentration. ·Storage stability of
Phytase- storage at room temperature (73°F) or 39 to 73°F at low humidity is ideal to optimize phytase
Phytase stability, %
o
A B C D
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 180
190
200
Conditioning temperature, OF Source: Stability of Four Commercial Microbial Phytase sourcesunder increasing conditioning temperatures and conditioner retention times during pelleting - C.N. Truelock et al
27
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ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
Histidine acid phosphates
b - Popeller Phytase
Cysteine Phosphatase(CP)-
Purple acid phosphatase-
(HAP) members share
(BPPhy)- consist of b sheets
active sites from a loop that
contains unique set of
common catalytic
and resembles a six bladed
functions as a substrate
seven metal liganding
mechanism and common
propeller. Requires Ca2+ for
binding pocket unique to
amino acid residues. A
active site motif. The active
its catalytic activity and
protein tyrosine
binuclear metallic center
site is positively charged at
thermostability. Has two
phosphatase.
containing two iron.
acidic pH in order to bind
components, an ‘affinity
with negatively charged
site’ that attracts substrate
phytate molecule.
and an adjacent ‘cleavage site’ that hydrolyze the phosphate group.
stability and maximize
even in excess of 80°C, under
optimized, it must also be
phytase activity during
this condition the common
thermally stable.
storage (Sulabo et al.,
phytase enzyme gets
Potentiated Phytase:
2011; De Jong et al.,
denatured and loose
2016).
enzymatic activity. Limitation
·Structural aspect of
Phytase- At present
available phytase is that they
there are 4 classes of
are inactivated when pelleted
phytase that are
above 75°C-80°C. Moreover,
believed to hydrolyse
lower than the desired
phytate.
activity of added phytase in
Pelleting temperature affecting the Exogenous Phytase:
feed can have a visible negative impact on lameness (weak bones and egg shell) in poultry. Therefore, it
Broiler ration are typically
becomes imperative to
pelleted to promote
provide special attention to
improved broiler
heat stability of phytase.
performance but high pelleting temperature can inactivate the conventional phytase enzyme. Feed pelleting process involves temperature around and
28
to most commercially
Phytase with improved thermostability would meet the purpose of inclusion of this enzyme in poultry diet. For a phytase additive to be
In order to increase the potential benefit of phytase in poultry diet, it becomes mandatory to increase the heat stability of phytase. Potentiated phytase is that phytase where its activity is potentiated by a special technology which shall provide protection against high temperature that occur during pelleting and conditioning. Highly thermostable phytase- an enzyme by Optima Life sciences being a potentiated phytase, stands out to be an indispensable product which is based on a special technology that is
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
Thermo-protection technology. Using this technique enzyme productivity and shelf stability is increased.
Protection from
Enhanced
Increase in
stability
activity
Multiple trials were
phytase addition for
grooming industry.
performed in vitro to test the
maximum economic benefit.
Economic justification for
efficacy of Potentiated
Thermostability proves to be
producers to use Phytase is
Phytase and assess its
a reliable parameter for the
clear and its importance for
activity. These trials justified
optimization of Phytase use
feed manufactures is proven
that enzyme P advance
in poultry feed.
with heat and storage stability
being a highly thermostable
Conclusion:
degradation and deactivation
of enzyme. Addition of
phytase was able to retain its activity even at high
thermostable and storage
Poultry sector being one of
stable phytase would bring the
the developed sectors is
best out of the discovery of
Graph 3: Trial result on efficacy of Potentiated Phytase RELATIVE PHYTASE ACTIVITY 105 100
PHYTASE ACTIVITY
100 95 90 86 85 80 75 Conventional Thermostable Phytase
Potentiated Phytase
O
80 C Conventional Thermostable Phytase
Potentiated Phytase Source: Optima life sciences R&D
pelleting temperature and
moving towards continuous
that enzyme. Therefore, the
fulfilling the requirement of
change. To bloom the sector
profitability out of addition of
addition of Phytase in feed.
further, it is necessary to
exogenous enzyme now relies
With increase in choice of
bring the nutritional
on selection of phytase which
phytase products, there is a
parameter also in track.
is thermostable and storage
need for feed producers to compare and optimize
Discovery of exogenous
stable.
enzymes was a boon to the
References are available upon request.
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INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
1% growth in global feed production in 2020 Now in its 10th year, the
countries, including tonnage
pigs, 24%; layers, 14%; dairy,
Alltech Global Feed Survey
and growth percentage, are
11%; beef, 10%; other
serves as an invaluable
the U.S. (215.9 MMT, +1%),
species,7%; aquaculture, 4%;
barometer for the state of
Brazil (77.6 MMT, +10%),
and pets, 2%. The
animal feed production.
India (39.3 MMT, -5%),
predominant growth came
Fortified by a decade of
Mexico (37.9 MMT, +4%),
from the broiler, pig, aqua
documentation and
Spain (34.8 MMT, 0%),
and pet feed sectors. Going beyond the numbers
research, it is the strongest
Russia (31.3 MMT, +3%),
evaluation of compound
Japan (25.2 MMT, 0%),
for a holistic look at the
feed production and prices
Germany (24.9 MMT, 0%)
state of the industry, the
in the industry and is the
and Argentina (22.5, +7%).
survey also incorporates
most complete data source
Altogether, these countries
qualitative questions to
of its kind.
account for 63% of the
uncover trends such as
The 2021 Alltech Global
world's feed production and
COVID-19, sustainability and
Feed Survey estimates that
can be viewed as an
antibiotic reduction.
international feed tonnage
indicator of the overall
The 2021 Alltech Global
increased by 1%, to 1,187.7
trends in agriculture.
Feed Survey results,
million metric tons (MMT) of
The global data, collected
including species-specific
feed produced last year.
from more than
feed production numbers, interactive graphs and
China saw 5% growth and
140countries and more than
reclaimed its position as the
28,000 feed mills, indicates
maps, are available atone.
top feed-producing country,
feed production by species
alltech.com/2021-global-
with 240MMT. Rounding out
as follows: broilers, 28%;
feed-survey.
the top10feed-producing
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