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Volume 6 | Issue 11 September-2020
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Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology
EDITORIAL Publisher & Editor Prachi Arora prachi.a@benisonmedia.com
Managing Editor Dr. T.K. Walli Former Head, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI
Resilient food supply chain – Need of the hour
T
Marketing & Advertisement Head MB Sharan Reddy s.reddy@benisonmedia.com
he COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted urban food systems worldwide, affecting the food security and nutrition of
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urban populations. With up to 70% of the global food
Gaurav Chander g.chander@benisonmedia.com
supply destined for urban consumption, the disruption of urban food systems has particularly affected the food distribution and the food retail sectors. Covid-19 is not the first, nor will it be the last, of high-impact, rapidly spreading pandemics to cause such disruption. It has
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actually given us a signal to better prepare for the future.The management of the crisis by city and local governments can
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therefore play a major role in preventing the spread of the virus
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and, at the same time, in mitigating the disruptions in their food systems and any negative effects on vulnerable populations. To better understand the challenges faced by different regions, FAO hosted an Online Event on Urban Food Systems and COVID19 – Key Results from an FAO Global Survey. The survey results revealed the importance of proximity to production areas and shorter supply chains along with the availability of agriculture labour will ensure uninterrupted food supply in times of such crises. It is important to recognize the key role that local governments can play in facilitating the connection among food systems actors beyond “charity and emergency“to long-term strategy, policy, and planning. The establishment of multi-level food governance mechanisms should be a key part of the urban food
Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology
and resilience agenda. Urban food governance is therefore a crucial area for innovation to be supported in order to ensure inclusive and resilient food systems. Do share your views with us to ensure an uninterrupted livestock supply chain that will be covered in the next issue.
Prachi Arora
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale Former Chairman, CLFMA of India Dr. S.P. Vinil Poultry Expert Mr. Amit Sachdev Indian Representative, US Grain Council Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand US Soybean Export Council Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition, MAFSU, Parbhani Dr. SN Mohanty Former Principal Scientist, CIFA Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta Agricultural Economist Raghavan Sampath Kumar Commodity Expert Dr. Swamy Haladi Feed Additive Expert Dr. R Gnana Sekar Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu
MonthlyVollume Magazine for 10 Feed Technology 1 | Issue | August 2015
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
Contents R&D
INDUSTRY NEWS
05 Power to the pellet: Challenges in the circular agriculture ARTICLE
08 Global and Domestic demand analysis of Soymeal 18 Heat stress in dairy animals and the measures to reduce its effect on milk production 22 Reimagine market intelligence in the Animal Feed industry
06 Experts expect Indian poultry demand to reach 70% of pre-COVID-19 level 12 ADB, Suguna Foods sign USD 15 mn financing deal 17 FSSAI to make GM Free certificate compulsory for crop imports from Jan 1 24 India is well-equipped to support other nations in tackling locust and fall armyworm problem 26 Bioprotein may bring self-sufficiency in Russian animal feed industry
INTERVIEW
14 Supply-demand of animal protein in the Indian sub-continent is reviving
30 Indian university issues advisory against pest infesting maize crops
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R&D
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
Power to the pellet: Challenges in the circular agriculture To replace cereals in animal feed with less sticky coproducts from circular agriculture, there is an urgent need to find out how animal feed pellets stay intact, from factory to animal. In 'Pelleting in the circular agriculture', a unique Wageningen based collaboration of experts from animal science, process technology, and physics are investigating how to make sustainable animal feed and give power to the pellet. In this public-private collaborative project, Wageningen University & Research works together with a host of partners and from across the sector: Zetadec, Agrifirm, DSM, Elanco Animal Health, Phileo by Lesaffre, Pelleting Technology Netherlands, VICTAM Foundation, Feed Design Lab and Aeres Training Centre International. Pelleted animal feed contains a large share of cereals. To further move to a circular agriculture, more coproducts should be used to feed animal like pigs and chickens. Replacing cereals in animal feed is challenging, because besides providing nutritional value, the cereals also make the pellets stronger. “The aim is to discover how we can make high-quality feed pellets of the future, without having to use cereals,” said Joshua Dijksman, assistant professor
at Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter Pelleting in the circular agriculture The Pelleting in the circular agriculture (PCA) project is looking at how to include more co-products from agriculture and human food industry in pelleted feed. Examples are co-products that are released during the production of food or biofuels or that come from discarded foodstuffs. These co-products have other physical and chemical properties than complete cereals. Menno Thomas from Zetadec, co-coordinator of the project: “The main problem of replacing cereals by co-products in pellet feed is that such modifications weaken the pellets, making them brittle. This leads to losses throughout the entire chain, from production and transport to storage, and even in less nutrition during the feeding pigs and chickens. The challenge is then to find new ways to incorporate these coproducts into animal feed.” Microscopic level This project provides insight at a microscopic level into the physical and chemical properties of animal feed. For this, the researchers use a mix of 3D imaging and mechanical measurements.
Joshua Dijksman, assistant professor at Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter at Wageningen University & Research: "During the production of animal feed, basic ingredients are mixed, after which moisture and heat are added. The mixture is then pressed into pellets. We will study all these stages of production in-depth and look at how we can optimize the process for processing co-products in animal feed. The aim is to discover how we can make high-quality feed pellets of the future, without having to use cereals". Educational modules PCA uniquely aims at combining fundamental and applied sciences by relating studies at microscopic level to those on pilot factory level. However, there is another unique feature about this project: the research findings are actively disseminated to (young) feed professionals via workshops organised by Feed Design Lab and e-learning modules developed by educational professionals of Aeres Training Centre International. Project co-coordinator Guido Bosch from Animal Nutrition Group at WUR: “In this way we believe that we can provide feed manufacturers with new knowledge and tools that allow them to make their feeds more fit for the circular agriculture.”
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INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
Image Source: The Hindu
Experts expect Indian poultry demand to reach 70% of pre-COVID-19 level
Chicken and egg consumption in the country has started rising significantly, and is likely to reach 70 percent of the preCovid level in the current quarter, companies and trade bodies said. Demand had crashed when the epidemic began, forcing some poultry farmers to stop operations, but consumer demand started picking up from July and it will gather pace after the Navratras and with the onset of winters, they said. “We expect consumption to be back to about 70 percent in October to December and almost 90 percent by JanMarch 21,” said BS Yadav, MD Godrej Agrovet, a compound animal feed company whose poultry arm, Godrej Tyson Foods sells 600,000 fresh and
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frozen chicken every week. “There is improved consumption as several hotels and restaurants have come back in business due to home delivery options. The prices of chicken and eggs have also started going up due to this,” he said. Farmers have started getting a much better price for chicken now. Earlier, prices had crashed as people had started avoiding poultry products when the pandemic began. The average weekly consumption of chicken in the country is 75 million birds of an average weight of 2 kg. Consumer confidence has increased and there is an increase in people dining out, Suguna Poultry Farms' managing director GB Sundararajan told the
newspaper. "Demand from hotels and restaurants had seen a major drop, which we now see reviving. Also, after COVID, consumers' perception of eating chicken has changed and they see it as an immunity booster. Consumption has reached 57 percent to 60 percent of the pre-Covid time and we are confident that it will reach over 70 percent in the next quarter,” said Sundararajan. He said chicken prices in the wholesale markets have increased by 80 percent to 87 percent to Rs 150- Rs 180 a kg in the past five months. October onwards ex-farm prices can further increase by 15 percent over September prices in eggs and chicken, said Ramesh Chander Khatri, secretary of Poultry Federation of India. Demand for eggs has also increased and it was reflected in the prices as well, said Harish Juneja, a former chairman for Delhi zone National Egg Coordination Committee (NECC), the nodal agency of all farmers in the broiler and layer industries. “The industry is coming back and poultry farms which were shut down in AprilMay are again starting operations. A crate of 30 eggs is currently being sold at Rs 140 which is a 75 percent increase from its bottom prices in MarchApril. We can expect another 30 percent increase in the next quarter,” he said. Source: economictimes
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ARTICLE Image Source: ResearchGate
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
Global and Domestic demand analysis of Soymeal Abhijeet Banerjee, Religare Broking
Soymeal markets have been trading with subdued note since starting of 2020. During January and March, global as well as domestic prices of the entire soy complex were plunging as the market could not assess the intensity of damage caused by the COVID-19 outbreak. After April the average price of most commodities, especially the soybean complex, recovered from its yearly lows which started from February till April of the year. Table 1 indicates the average price of soymeal from Indore. Indian poultry feed industry which usually consumes ~35 percent of soymeal production of the country was badly impacted due to the pandemic which resulted in lower poultry consumption and misinformation further added to the worries of the industry. Indian soymeal is considered to be one of the premium grade soy meals. European and Asian countries prefer to use it over other soymeal. India usually exports ~65 percent of the total soymeal produced in a year. It is mainly exported to South Korea, Thailand, Philippines, Japan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Middle-East countries. The global soymeal market was valued at USD 88.2 billion in the year 2018 and industry experts projected a growth of 4.2% CAGR, to reach a value of USD 112.6 billion in the year 2024. This estimate might be revised considering the impact of COVID-19 on supply & demand of the commodity, future
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
conditions. ·Global protein meal use
for livestock feed is expected to continue recovering in 2020–21 as China's swine industry keeps reviving which would lift soybean and canola demand. China has imported a noticeable quantity of soybean from Brazil between January to July 2020, with maximum imports during June. As a result, since May 2020 Brazilian soybean average offers have remained higher compared to US soybean as the Brazilian harvest started reducing by then. In 2020–21, the demand from China is projected to shift back to US soybean. ·The temporary closure
prospects still appear better for global soymeal trade. Analysis ·The year 2020-21 is
expected to be highly competitive for the export markets. The global soybean production is projected at record levels in 2020–21, an estimated increase by 10 percent YoY to 370 million tonnes, partly due to record production in Brazil. Even the US soybean production is forecasted to increase, considering a 10 percent increase in planted area and favorable seasonal
of some US slaughterhouses, due to the pandemic, resulted in increased demand for meal to feed a backlog of animals ready for slaughter. Therefore, feed demand in near future is likely to be strong. Historically, Argentina supplies soymeal to Australia for its poultry industry demand. But there is a reduction in supply due to disruption in the largest processing plant in Argentina and an increase in export taxes shifted Australia to US soymeal. The recent forecast reports of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) stated
Table 1: Average price of soymeal from Indore Month
Average Price (Rs/MT)
February
25302
March
28035
April
27719
May
25646
June
26233
July
26643
August
31500
Sep
32000
Source: NCDEX, Indexmundi
India's soybean crush to improve by 1.1 million to 9.4 million tons in 2020-2021. Therefore, India's soybean meal exports are expected to gather momentum.This year global soybean consumption is also expected to increase and China is projected to account for over half of global consumption growth and roughly 85 percent import growth. Considering strong competition from the United States and Brazil, Argentine soybean exports are projected to decline. USDA also projected global soymeal consumption growth to 4 percent basis on growing demand from China. Global meal export is forecast to grow 1 percent in 2020-21. Argentina and India are projected to meet most of this growth while rising feed demand in the United States and Brazil might account for nearly all increase in their meal production. India's export estimate for 2020-21 is now projected higher at 2.07 MMT versus last year's export of 1.45 MMT. Like global markets, domestic poultry consumption is also
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ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
Table 2: GLOBAL SOYMEAL BALANCE SHEET (MMT) Year
Beginning Stocks
Production
Imports
Domestic Total
Exports
Ending Stocks
2019-2020
11.74
241.76
63.06
239.71
66.94
9.92
2020-2021
9.92
252.06
64.66
249.5
67.83
9.31
Exports
Ending Stocks 0.31 0.24
Table 3: DOMESTIC SOYMEAL BALANCE SHEET (MMT) Year 2019-2020 2020-2021
Beginning Stocks 0.48 0.31
Production
Imports
6.72 8
0.05 0.05
Domestic Total 5.49 6.05
1.45 2.07
Source: USDA
INDUSTRY NEWS
stabilizing. The domestic feed consumption in India is expected to return to normal levels in 2020–21.With lockdown restrictions being eased, further improvement
in poultry demand in the forthcoming year would depend on the HORECA sector. Considering all the above facts, prospects of global and domestic soymeal
demand is most likely to improve in the coming year, and the consumption scenario also seems to remain better.
India with enough stocks for consistent exports India has assured the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) it will consistently export farm products
without any disruption to ensure steady global supply during the COVID-19 pandemic. India's agricultural export rose by 23.24% to Rs 25,553 crore during in March-June this year, while many countries suffered a disruption in output and supply. Agriculture commissioner S K Malhotra assured that India had enough stocks to avoid any disruption. “We will not let any disruption happen in global supply. We are well prepared to step up farm exports as we have enough stocks,” he said during the virtual meeting of FAO's 35th Asia-Pacific Regional Conference (APRC). He said the government is focusing on wellness food and nutraceuticals while developing “Brand India” in campaign mode to help penetration into new foreign markets and of new products which automatically
translates into higher value realization. “Agricultural exports as a percentage of India's agricultural GDP has increased from 9.4 % in 2017-18 to 9.9 % in 2018-19. While the agricultural imports as a percentage of India's agricultural GDP has declined from 5.7% to 4.9 % indicating exportable surplus and decreased dependence on import of agricultural products in India,” he told. As per WTO data, the share of India's agricultural exports and imports in the world agriculture trade in 2017 were 2.27% and 1.90%, respectively. The government's agriculture export policy launched in 2018 focuses on the clusterbased export promotion of novel, indigenous, organic, ethnic, traditional, and nontraditional agricultural products including valueadded perishables. Source: economictimes
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INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
La Nina may disrupt global food supply Nina weather system could roil global food production, sending prices higher, as potential droughts and floods bring the upheaval to a suite of key agricultural commodities from SouthEast Asia to South America. The highly anticipated phenomenon has officially formed, the US Climate Prediction Center said Thursday, after the last significant La Nina event occurred in 2011. During that period, upheaval in commodity production led to a steep increase in world food prices, with the United Nations Food & Agriculture World Food Price Index surging to a record in February 2011, up 37 percent from the end of 2009. La Nina typically affects a broad range of farm commodities, as it brings above-average winter-spring rainfall in Australia, particularly across eastern, central, and northern regions, as well as in SouthEast Asia, with the potential for flooding. It can also dry out the southern US through winter, bringing cooler temperatures and storms across the north. In South America, croplands in Argentina can become arider, with drought possible across parts of Brazil. The weather phenomenon disrupts production of a broad range of agricultural produce, such as soybeans,
corn, rapeseed, sugar, coffee, and rubber said Bloomberg Intelligences Alvin Tai. Feed crops scenario Wheat The 2010-11 La Nina brought Australia's wettest two-year period on record, according to the country's Bureau of Meteorology, and with it a strong 2011-12 winter wheat crop. This season, the crop could climb 78 percent year-on-year to 27 million tons, the USDA FAS said in July. “A wet spring will support pasture development and grain fill for the winter crop,” Rabobank said in its September agribusiness report. However, if wet conditions continue into harvest, it can reduce crop quality. A late-season La Nina is unlikely to have any impact on the current winter crop in Australia, forecaster Abares said in its June outlook. The country's harvest of grains including wheat and barley is due to start within weeks. La Nina may also exacerbate a bout of dryness in Argentina, jeopardizing what was supposed to be a record wheat crop in one of the world's top exporters. Soybeans Soya growers in the US might escape damage, with harvests typically complete by November. “Brazilian soya may be more at risk if drought and high
temperatures weaken conditions for planting, which stretches from midAugust to mid-December,” said Tai. The US, Brazil, and Argentina account for about 80 percent of soybean production and smaller harvests can raise prices, according to Tai. In the 2011-2012 season, Brazil's soy production declined 12 percent. Cotton “For cotton, drier-thannormal conditions in southern and western Brazil and northern Argentina could have a negative impact on crops there, while more rain could benefit Australian fiber,” according to Donald Keeney, senior meteorologist with Maxar in Gaithersburg, Maryland. Source: businessline
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INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
ADB, Suguna Foods sign USD 15 mn financing deal
The ADB said it has signed a pact for a USD 15-million debt financing through the subscription of nonconvertible debentures for Suguna Foods, to help sustain poultry farming operations, rural livelihoods and food security in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. The agreement was signed by the deputy director general at ADB''s private sector operations department, Christopher Thieme, and Suguna Foods Managing Director G B Sundararajan, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) said in a release. Suguna, one of India's largest poultry broiler enterprises, has been significantly affected by supply disruptions caused by
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the nationwide lockdown to contain COVID-19, it said. This has resulted in losses and tight liquidity conditions for the company, which employs 7,700 employees and partners. It also supports more than 40,000 contract broiler farmers, including many women, and 2,00,000 corn and soybean farmers, the release said. "ADB's assistance will provide essential liquidity support to Suguna's operations during this COVID-19 crisis, help the company build inventory buffers and make timely payments to the contract farmers and suppliers," said Martin Lemoine, head of the agribusiness investment unit at ADB's private sector
operations department. ADB's assistance will also encourage local lenders to support the business and help attract other mediumand long-term capital and international partners, Lemoine added. The Bank's assistance comprises two-year amortizing senior secured non-convertible debentures in three tranches. It is consistent with the Government of India's efforts to strengthen the agriculture sector and improve farmers'' incomes by filling in gaps in agricultural supply chains, ADB said. It also aligns with the National Action Plan for Egg and Poultry. The transaction is also aligned with ADB's USD 20 billion response package to COVID-19. As part of this assistance, ADB's private sector operations department is providing financing support to companies facing temporary liquidity issues. ADB further said poultry livestock is central to India's food value chain as an affordable source of animal protein that can address malnutrition. "ADB's timely financing will help Suguna sustain production to preserve the incomes of farmers and feed suppliers and ensure continued supplies of poultry," it said adding that the agreement represents the beginning of a long-term relationship between the ADB and Suguna. Source: outlookindia
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INTERVIEW
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
Supply-demand of animal protein in the Indian sub-continent is reviving
Dr. Vaibhav Nagpal
Dr. Nagpal, would you please share on the global scenario of animal protein consumption? How do you predict the market movement? Dr. Vaibhav Nagpal: Global meat consumption continues to grow at a 2% increase annual (not considering short term COVID impact) with nearly half of this growth coming from China. Published reports indicate India is
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Indian subcontinent market has started improving. Currently broiler production is up to 70%, and the layer is close to 80%.
expected to trail only China and the U.S. in its contribution to incremental demand for poultry by 2025, accounting for 5% to 10% of global growth. Growth will continue to be influenced by local protein preferences. Indonesia, The Philippines, and Vietnam are other Asia markets expected to account for another 10% poultry demand increase, according to reports.
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
Mr. Neeraj Srivastava
The recent announcement of Project Destiny aims to make Novus global leader in the gut-health solution category, please share brief details about its phases. Dr. Vaibhav Nagpal: Project Destiny is Novus’s multiphase strategic plan aimed to establish the company as “a leader in gut-health solutions for the sustainable production of protein through nutrition.” The first step was creating our new Executive Leadership Team, which was established in April. From there we reorganized our teams into three regions – the Americas, EMEA, and ASIA. Each of the regions has a chief commercial officer and each
sub-region (we call them our world areas) has a managing director to oversee operations. Americas is comprised of two sub-regions – North and Central America, and South America. We consolidated our services in Europe and the Middle East, Turkey, and Africa to create EMEA. Asia is comprised of three sub-regions: Northeast Asia, headquartered at Shanghai; Southeast Asia Pacific, headquartered at Bangkok; and SouthCentral Asia, headquartered at Chennai. We have also established strategic marketing and technical teams at the global and regional levels that will allow us to better understand our customers’ needs and industry trends. We also decentralized corporate functions to support more agility within our regional offices. Through Project Destiny, our customers should experience a heightened level of service and responsiveness from their Novus representatives. Our plan through this change is to bring us closer to the customer by thinking the way they think. We are also exploring new differentiated products and solutions that we can bring to our customers. How Novus is aligned with UN sustainability goals? Dr. Vaibhav Nagpal: Environment, social and economic are key sustainability pillars for Novus. The products we sell, the way in which we conduct business with stakeholders, and our stewardship of Earth’s natural resources are all interconnected, integrated and equally important to the company. There are five segments of Novus’s Sustainability Priorities, which were outlined by our stakeholders a few years ago as
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INTERVIEW
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
top priorities: Customer Productivity & Profitability, Engaged & Empowered Employees, Supply Chain Efficiency, Human Health & Nutrition and Sustainable Animal Agriculture. It’s through this “Sustainability Compass” that we navigate how we operate as we help our customers provide animal protein in a manner that is safe, accessible, and economical as well as socially and environmentally responsible. Novus is looking at the opportunities in India for its antibiotic-free solutions as well as our Eubiotics products, while the customer feels this is very soon so introduce such a concept in the Indian market. How would you like to respond to that? Dr. Vaibhav Nagpal: Gut health is a very broad topic as is antibiotic-free production. Even when people use antibiotics they are still concerned about gut health. When we look at gut health through nutrition, we see four different aspects: ·Instigators of poor gut
health because of oversupply of nutrients in the lumen ·Presence of nutritional
factors that causes disbalance and shift in microbiota· ·Inflammation/oxidative
stress, which causes morphological and functional alterations in the gut ·Poor digestion of feed
and nutrients leading to a less functional gut
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These are challenges that customers around the world face. Our job at Novus is to ensure we can provide customers comprehensive gut health solutions, regardless of where they are globally, ultimately improving their financial outcomes. Mr. Neeraj Srivastava, could you please update our readers about the present supply-demand of animal protein in the Indian sub-continent? Neeraj Srivastava: With the lockdown easing, the market has started improving and currently broiler production is up to 70%, and the layer is close to 80%. There is no shortage of milk whereas prices are under pressure because of low demand, mainly from the HORECA sector. The situation in Indian subcontinents is also similar. The aquaculture industry is also suffering because of restrictions on exports and low international demand; 94% of shrimp production in the region is for export. What supply chain issues have you faced during the lockdown period and what do you predict in next year? Neeraj Srivastava: It was tough to manage things for the first two months of the lockdown. We have proactively moved our products to various locations throughout the country to better serve our customers without any delay, regardless of supply chain challenges. We’ve taken the same proactive approach and
shipped additional products from the U.S. and Europe to build enough inventory locally to ensure our customers should not suffer because of product unavailability due to pandemic-related delays. Fortunately, things are now moving normally globally. Operations in China have resumed to 100% and we do not foresee any major hurdles in the next year for India and the subcontinents. Enzymes enhance the value of crops or raw feed material produced in India. Can you please elaborate on that? Neeraj Srivastava: In India there are mainly corn-soybased diets used for poultry production. Any change in the prices of these ingredients impacts the final cost of feed production. Apart from that, there are many opportunities to include alternative raw materials in feed formulations. Novus is helping farmers to mitigate the impact of increased fluctuating raw material prices in two ways: 1.
Reformulating diets by using enzymes like phytase and protease, which can help to reduce the use of costly feed ingredients and thereby reduce the feed cost while maintaining the same level of nutrients.
2.
Offering technical services from our technical experts for feed and farm management and helping farmers to
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
In a previous interview in November 2019, one of your customers said, Novus has a good portfolio of the product but needs to further market penetration. How would you respond to that today? Any new products in the pipeline to reach the Indian market.
penetration and reach to our customers. We have an outstanding opportunity in the HMTBa molecule, which is the methionine source for our ALIMET® feed additive. The molecule is surprisingly versatile and has allowed us to create our line of bischelated MINTREX® trace minerals and a powerful acidifier that has the added
Neeraj Srivastava: Under
benefit of methionine,
Project Destiny, we have a
ACTIVATE® nutritional feed
newly established strategic
acid, to name a few of our
marketing and technical
current HMTBa-based
services team as well as
products.
created a strategic innovation
We are certainly exploring
and product management
new differentiated products
team to drive product
and solutions that we can
innovation and differentiation
bring to our customers.
to increase market
Feed safety and traceability is an important area for animal nutrition, what Novus is doing to deliver on that aspect? Neeraj Srivastava: Novus is committed and following all laws of the lands. Feed safety and traceability is a global concern today. Novus offers its unique products to produce safe feed and protein for human consumption. All products of Novus are being produced in a highly safe environment, our manufacturing facilities are equipped with world-class certification like GMP & FAMIQS. All the produced batch undergo with strict quality check and analysis both internal and external before it reaches to the market.
FSSAI to make GM Free certificate compulsory for crop imports from Jan 1 The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has identified 24 crops imported in India to mandatorily declare 'NonGM cum GM Free' certificate from January 1, 2021. FSSAI, in an order to restrict the entry of Genetically Modified crops, has decided to issue a directive for the requirement of 'Non-GM cum GM Free' certificate accompanied with imported food consignment. The directive says that the framing of regulations related to genetically modified or engineered food, which is governed by the Section 22 of the FSS Act, is taking time and to ensure only non-GM food
crops are imported into India, it has been decided that every consignment of imported food products listed by the FSSAI must be accompanied with a 'NonGM cum GM Free' certificate. According to the FSSAI, the directive was issued as per FSS (Import Regulations), 2017, which is to ensure safe and the wholesomeness of articles of food imported into India. The crops include Alfalfa, Apple, Argentina Canola, Bean, Chicory, Cowpea, Egg Plant, Flax Seed, Maize, Melon, Papaya, Pineapple, Plum, Polish Canola, Potato,
Squash, Sugar Beet, Sugarcane, Sweet Pepper, Tomato, and Wheat. The food importers were asked to submit a detailed certificate declaring that the product is the non-GM origin and does not contain Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) and also not genetically modified along with the name and address of the exporter, manufacturer, and consignee, description of the product, invoice, lot/batch number, expiry date, quantity, date of manufacturing or packing, and date of shipment & place, amongst others.
INDUSTRY NEWS
improve the quality and quantity of their end product.
Source: fnbnews
Rice, Safflower, Soybean,
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ARTICLE Image Source: Business Line
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
Heat stress in dairy animals and the measures to reduce its effect on milk production T. K. Walli, Former Head, Dairy Nutrition Division, NDRI, Karnal
Introduction Environmental heat stress is obviously the problem faced by the animals located in hotter (tropical) regions of the world. Heat stress not only reduces milk yield in cows and buffaloes but also affects several other economic parameters viz. animal health and animal reproduction, resulting in a significant economic impact on the dairy owners in these countries. The most obvious effect of heat stress is the reduction in feed intake, leading to a decrease in milk yield. But apart from that, there are several other metabolic implications that also contribute to the reduction in milk yield. In addition to that, there is a decrease in milk quality, primarily due to an increase in somatic cell count (SCC) and incidence in mastitis, increased health care cost, and reduced growth in heifers. However, to overcome the challenge of environmental heat stress in tropical countries on dairy animals, some management and nutritional strategies have been worked out by several researchers, which may help, but only partially. Cows have limited adaptability to fight heat stress Adaptations to Dry and Hot Climate: An excellent example of an animal adapted to an
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indicus too has fat stored in its hump, which helps the animal to use the stored energy during its limited nutrient supply. These animals are in a better position to dissipate heat during the hot season, unlike Bos taurus, with no hump and the fat evenly spread subcutaneously, which makes the thermo-regulation and heat dissipation difficult during the hot season. Adaptations to Hot and Humid Climate: The hot humid conditions are the most stressful for the animals. The best-adapted animal for the humid tropics is undoubtedly the buffalo. Although its sweat glands are far less active than the zebu cattle, however, the wallowing helps it a lot to get rid of the body heat. So, it definitely needs water or mud to assist it in thermo-regulation.
extremely hot and dry climate is no doubt the camel, a pseudo-ruminant. Not only has this animal an ability to be comfortable in such a climate, but it can do without food and water for many days. The fat stored in its hump comes to its rescue, slowly releases energy, even at 10 days of starvation. Ruminants, however, are devoid of such an efficient adaptive mechanism and can fight heat stress to a limited extent only. However, the ability to fight heat stress varies among ruminant species and breeds, depending upon whether evolved in temperate or tropical regions. The Bos
Temperature Humidity Index (THI)- A Better Predictor of Heat Stress: A combination of the two variables, temperature-humidity index; THI is a better predictor of whether or not cows are â&#x20AC;&#x153;stressedâ&#x20AC;?. A THI < 72 is the point at which a dairy cow starts to decrease productivity. Adaptation to Inferior Quality Feeds: It can be generally said that roughages and grasses in tropical regions are of lower quality than in temperate regions. The major roughages available for bovine feeding in tropical regions are straw, stover, and other crop residues, characterized by lower palatability, lower digestibility and low nutrient
content in terms of energy, proteins, minerals and vitamins. However, cattle breeds in tropics are often adapted to these inferior feeds by having a higher rumen volume relative to body weight, enabling them to have longer retention time in the rumen to digest it relatively more. Buffaloes are more suited to these conditions, as apart from higher rumen volume and longer retention time, they also perform better on fibrous diets, possessing higher digestive ability to utilize fiber, than cattle. Heat Stress Reduces Feed Intake/ Quantity of Milk Produced: Unabated heat stress can decrease feed intake by more than 35%. However, even in well-cooled dairies decrease in feed intake due to heat stress may be between 15-20 %. In noncooled management systems, milk yield can decrease by 4050 % during severe conditions. Reduction in feed intake due to heat stress reduces consequently nutrient intake, resulting in decreased milk synthesis in the mammary gland. However, the reduction in milk production is not just due to a reduction in feed intake only, but due to heat stress itself. Reason for Reduced in Feed Intake: About 40% of the energy from Volatile fatty acids (VFA) produced in rumen and then absorbed from rumen, are used as energy spent on heat dissipation. Another 10 % of energy is spent on eating, chewing, and propulsion of
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
roughages through the gut. In hot climates, as the animals are unable to cope up with the dissipation of heat, there is a signal from the central nervous system to limit feed intake, so as to avoid extra heat load. This is the main cause of the reduction in feed intake in heat-stressed animals. Ironically, though heat stress reduces feed intake, the animal actually needs more energy even to fight heat stress through the process of heat dissipation (just like air conditioning mechanism). Under thermo-neutral condition, the energy required for milk synthesis is partly met from the tissue mobilization through the phenomena of nutrient partitioning. However, in cows subjected to heat stress, nutrient supply to the mammary gland are limited by the double effect of reduced feed intake as well as restricted tissue mobilization, resulting in lower milk synthesis in the mammary gland. Post-Absorptive Metabolism of Heat Stressed Cows The post-absorptive metabolism of heat-stressed cows markedly differs from that of thermal neutral cows, more so that of lactating cows. This is due to the metabolic adaptations that animals undergo, in order to deal with heat stress. This becomes a metabolic priority even in dairy animals, for which generally the first priority happens to be the mammary gland. The physiological mechanism
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by which heat stress impacts production and reproduction include reduced feed intake, altered endocrine status, reduction in rumination and nutrient absorption, and increased maintenance requirements, resulting in a net decrease in nutrient availability for production. Reductions in energy intake during heat stress results in a majority of lactating cows entering into negative energy balance (NEBAL). 1. Heat-Stressed Cows are Susceptible to Rumen Acidosis: Heat stress forces cows to dissipate heat via panting, leading to increased respiration rate and the enhanced rate at which CO2 is exhaled out. This leads to the decreased blood CO2 level, which is made up by converting part of HCO3 (Bicarbonate) secreted by the liver to CO2. The result is that rumen gets less bicarbonate through saliva for buffering activity than it actually requires to maintain its pH, making the animal more susceptible to sub-clinical and acute rumen acidosis. The unhealthy rumen environment causes a reduction in feed intake and also may lead to laminitis and milk fat depression, etc. 2. Switching Metabolism to Prevent Adipose Mobilization/ F A Oxidation: Early lactation cow is a classic example of lactation-induced negative energy balance (NEBAL). When the cow is in thermoneutral condition, even if the feed intake is not matching with the nutrient demands of the mammary gland, reduced
insulin levels and enhanced growth hormone levels partition the nutrients in favor of milk synthesis. This allows mobilization of adipose fat, transported to the mammary gland as Non-Esterified Fatty Acids (NEFA), and serving as a precursor for fat synthesis in the mammary gland. However, unlike NEBAL in thermo-neutral conditions, heat-stressed induced NEBAL does not result in elevated plasma NEFA level, because heat stress blocks fat breakdown. 3. Switching Metabolism to Step-up Glucose Production: Gluconeogenesis in the liver is at its peak in early lactation cows, to meet the demands of the mammary gland for lactose synthesis. During heat stress, though there is more glucose production than under thermo-neutral conditions, a good proportion of this glucose is required to provide energy at the tissue level. This is a metabolic adaptation by the animal to fight heat stress so that less metabolic heat is generated. That is why in heat-stressed cows, the glucose disposal rate is much higher than in cows in thermo-neutral conditions. Thus, the reduced feed intake coupled with reduced availability of glucose (than its actual production) to the mammary gland for lactose synthesis, results in a significant decrease in milk synthesis/ yield in heatstressed cows. 4. Reduced Body Protein Retention/ Increased Muscle Breakdown: The reduced body protein
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retention is also supported by a decrease in milk protein, including the decrease in the synthesis of alpha and betacasein fractions of milk from heat-stressed cows. This is because these animals have an increased amino acid need for non-productive functions, primarily to provide energy at tissue level, using amino acids as a precursor for glucose synthesis. 5. Cows are more Prone to Impaired Immune Response: The heat stress affects the immune function in cows. Thus, during summer months cows are more prone to metabolic, reproductive, and other health disorders: like mastitis, retained placenta, metritis, and ketosis. How to Reduce the Adverse Effect of Heat Stress in Dairy Cows It has been proved through research that only 40 % of the decrease in milk production is due to reduced DM intake, the rest of the 60 % reduction in milk production can be explained by heat-stressed induced other biochemical changes. However, the adverse effect of heat stress on the overall health and productivity of dairy animals can be overcome to some extent by improving microenvironment and feed management. Following the approaches as given under: Providing Shelter/ Cooling System: Under Indian conditions, the heat stress can be reduced somewhat by providing proper shelter, controlling air moments and causing a cooling effect inside
with the combination of mist cooling and fan. This is being adopted by many big dairy farmers in India. Of course, the effect of heat stress on milk production can only be partially reduced. Reducing the Quantity of Fibrous Diets: It is a known fact that the fibrous diets generate more heat during rumen fermentation, called the heat of fermentation. By reducing the quantity of highly fibrous feeds in the diet, the animal's heat load can be slightly reduced. Instead, the animals may be offered succulent green fodders to meet their fiber requirement. Use of Bypass Nutrients: Bypass nutrients when fed to ruminants just bypass the rumen and are not subjected to ruminal fermentation. Instead, these nutrients are passed on to the lower tract where these are digested and subsequently absorbed from the intestines. In the rumen, these nutrients are protected against ruminal enzymes, thus, proteins are not attacked by proteolytic enzymes and the fats are not attacked by lipolytic and hydrolyzing enzymes. Feeding of bypass protein saves dietary amino acids, which are the converted to glucose in the liver, to serve partly as energy source and partly used as a precursor for lactose synthesis in the mammary gland. Apart from the generation of less heat in the rumen, feeding of bypass protein increase the efficiency of nutrient utilization, and thus, try to maintain milk
production. Feeding of bypass fat increases the energy density of the ration and compensates for lower feed intake by providing energy for maintenance and productive purpose. In fact, in high yielding animals, the inclusion of bypass fat as a dietary supplement is very essential, especially during hotter months, in order to maintain cow's milk production. Use of Feed Additives, Antioxidants â&#x20AC;&#x201C;Selenium and vitamin E: Heat stress generally increases the production of free radicals, leading to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has a negative impact on immune and reproductive functions. This may lead to increased frequency of mastitis, higher somatic cells count in milk, decreased fertility, increased embryo mortality, postpartum retained placenta, and early calving. Glutathione peroxidases family of antioxidative enzymes, containing selenium incorporated within an amino acid (organic/chelated form), plays a major role in maintaining the anti-oxidative balance, protecting the cells from damages against heat stress. Given along with Vit E, which too is an antioxidant, the result is twofold. Other feed additives: Supplementing the diet with other feed additives like buffers (Sod. Bicarbonate), Niacin and Yeast also have a beneficial effect on the rumen environment and overall positive effect on milk production.
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ARTICLE Image Source: Infiniti Research
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
Reimagine market intelligence in the Animal Feed industry Guy Soreq, Glowlit A well-known mathematical problem begins with a group of millionaires meeting over lunch (clearly a pre-COVID scenario). The group has a wonderful time, enjoying their food and drinks wholeheartedly. As they ask for the bill, one particularly cheeky member of the group proposes that the richest among them pay the bill. The group agrees, but immediately finds itself at an impasse over the bill. No one wants to share their exact wealth. This scenario, called the Millionaires' problem, was first proposed in 1982 by computer scientist and computational theorist Andrew Yao. It is a secure multi-party computation problem, a subfield of cryptography with applications in e-commerce and data mining. It is commercially applicable to any situation where there is a need to securely compare numbers that are confidential. Many solutions to this mathematical problem have been put forth, the first presented by Yao himself. As the Glowlit team set out to reimagine market intelligence in the Animal Feed industry, we looked to the Millionaires' problem for inspiration. What we saw was really an issue of trust. Each of the millionaires needed to know where they stood relative to the
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
more for L-Threonine 98.5% than they were just one week ago. A 17% decrease in user interest is observed compared to the previous week.
Source: Glowlit
others, without giving away their own position. Glowlit facilitates trust across the industry by allowing users to anonymously benchmark their position relative to the market. Like the Millionaires' problem, its solution is mathematical. The Glowlit algorithm ensures that only verified price entries make it into the reports, and the accuracy of reports encourages more users to enter better data. As products grow in numbers of user entries, proportional increase in the number of verified entries is oberved. Slowly but surely, it is restoring trust across the supply chain.
week ago. A 35% decrease in user interest is observed compared to the previous week. Spot buyers are paying 18%
In third week of September Feed Additive Focus, brought to you by Glowlit, takes a look at the latest price changes in L-Threonine 98.5% & Vitamin B7 (H) Biotin 2% Spot buyers are paying 13% less for Vitamin B7 (H) Biotin 2% than they were just one
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
India is well-equipped to support other nations in tackling locust and fall armyworm problem
India is ready to work with the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) to assist other countries in the event of recurrence of migratory pests such as locust and fall armyworm, Minister of State for Agriculture Parshottam Rupala said recently. The minister expressed the government's willingness to share India's experience and work with the FAO on controlling migratory pest while addressing a four-day FAO's 35th Asia-Pacific Regional Conference (APRC) here. This virtual conference, hosted by Bhutan, was convened to plan responses and recovery work to address the twin pandemics - COVID-19 and hunger. In India, the problem of desert locust that prevailed since April 11 has now subsided after the government's timely
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measures in over 10 northern states to prevent its spread. Extending support for tackling locust problems, Rupala asked the FAO to find innovative solutions to address challenges related to water scarcity, climate change, hunger, and nutrition. "I urge FAO to find innovative solutions, evidence-based analysis and partnership to develop multi-sectoral solutions to the challenges of water scarcity, climate change, hunger, and nutrition," the FAO statement quoted the minister having said in the meeting. He also reaffirmed India's commitment to fulfill aspirations of Asia-Pacific regional countries and share responsibility to ensure food security for all. "Our 'neighbors first' policy will live up to the aspirations of the region with collaboration in the exchange of best practices in R&D and programmatic interventions to step up production and productivity of agriculture produce," Rupala said. The minister also mentioned that the government has adopted a "flexible approach" for facilitating imports from other countries. Now, digital copies of phytosanitary certificates are being accepted to not disturb the world food supply chain. According to the FAO, global
food systems are under stress due to the compounding threat of the pandemic on existing crises such as conflict, natural disasters, climate change, pests, and plagues. The COVID-19 has led to a setback in the fight to end hunger and malnutrition. Food production and supply has been hit hard in many countries. "We have recently presented the FAO COVID-19 Response and Recovery Program, which aimed at preventing global food emergency during and after the COVID19 pandemic, while working on medium- to long-term development responses for food security and nutrition" said FAO Director-General Qu Dongyuhis at the conference. "In line with the UN approach to "build back better," and in pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals, it aims to mitigate the immediate impacts of the pandemic while strengthening the future resilience of food systems and livelihoods," he added. The conference also discussed new marketing channels (such as ecommerce) and new technologies (including better storage facilities) that will help reduce food losses, as these are critical to ensure the flow of nutritious foods and to generate improved incomes for those who work across the entire food and agriculture sectors. Source: indiatimes
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INDUSTRY NEWS
Bioprotein may bring self-sufficiency in Russian animal feed industry In the Soviet Union, in the 1970s the first production of nutritional proteins from hydrocarbons was started. In total, the country has built 12 factories with an expected production of approx 1 million tons every year. This was close to approx 70% of the world's bioprotein production at the time. The importance of the bioprotein industry in the country was comparable to that of the nuclear industry, as it allowed the Soviet Union to be selfsufficient in animal feed. Safety and efficacy study All plants produced Paprin, a single-celled protein yeast grown in a liquid paraffin medium, or Gaprin, an inactivated methane biomass, an oxidized Methyllococcus capsulatus bacterium. Studies on safety and efficiency were not adequately conducted, which resulted in horrifying outcomes in the case of Paprin. Impact on animal health The product disrupted hormonal and water balance, causing edema to form throughout the body of the animals, reported by the Russian business consultancy, which brought studies from Bashkiria State University. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Meat obtained from animals fed with Paprin contained an accumulation of abnormal amino acids that were incorporated into the membranes of nerve
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
cells, thus disrupting the process of conducting a normal nerve impulse,” said Raisa Bashirova, principal investigator at Bashkiria State University, who added that it was even harmful to humans to paintings with Paprin: “Factory staff and local citizens were presenting diseases such as canker sores and bronchial asthma. “ In the 1990s, almost the entire production of bioprotein in Russia was stopped. Gaprin, although it had proved to be safe and efficient, could not compete with rather cheap imported protein feedstuffs, which began to land on the local market in large quantities. Now, several decades ¬later,
bioprotein production in Russia seems to be getting a second chance. Bioprotein - A different and new product The Russian company Metanica recently revealed a new generation of methanebased inactivated protein biomass under the Metaprin brand. The production technology differs from that used in other similar projects around the world and in many ways, it is impressive compared to the technology used for Gaprin production decades ago. Metaprin is designed to update fishmeal in the nutrition of birds, pigs and livestock. “We do not use external recycling of mobile culture fluid and paint with air, not oxygen, which results in energy saving and is one of the main components of the bioprotein production costs,” said Nikolay Kutafin, Director of Development at Methanica. “The company has also abandoned airlift mixing, which inhibits the cells of microorganisms. Besides that, the production site does not have a cooling circuit in the fermenter, and there is no postfermentation gas, which makes it possible to produce a tonne of protein using no more than 2000 cubic meters of gas,” he added. The company also uses several different strains of bacteria, each of which performs an important role. “All the internal laminar-vortex motion of the cell culture fluid is carried out thanks to the use of a specially developed mixing aeration head,” Kutafin explained.
There is a protein shortage ranging from 1. 5 million to 2 million tonnes, every year in Russia. Metaprin is primarily designed to replace fishmeal in the diets of birds, pigs, and livestock. “Fishmeal is Metaprin's main competitor. However, Metaprin is superior in terms of proteins, amino acids, vitamins, and microelements. It has a sustainable quality. Its production and composition characteristics do not depend upon weather situations and the time of year and its use is more convenient for breeders,” Kutafin said. Metaprin – A safe product In Russia, fishmeal is of uneven quality, even within a single consignment, and sometimes it appears to be adulterated. “Metaprin is added to feed at levels ranging from 2.5% to 30% of the total product mass. One tonne of metaprin can balance the protein content of 20 tonnes of feed,” Kutafin said, adding that meat products obtained from animals fed with this type of bioprotein are absolutely safe for humans, which has been confirmed in multiple studies, including in the European Union. The company is working on an experimental 100 m3 plant for protein biosynthesis, with a production capacity up to 4000 tonnes of protein per year. “We envisage a modular approach to plant construction. It allows us to quickly ramp up production by putting new 100 m3 fermenters into operation,” Kutafin said. Some big investment groups in Russia have already expressed an
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
interest in the new technology, mulling plans to build a plant with a designed production performance of 50,000 tonnes per year. The country is also among the world's leaders in terms of oil, gas, and coal production, which opens opportunities for protein biosynthesis from methane. “When we talk about oil and coal production, we are talking about associated petroleum gas and coal mine methane – which is often burned or emitted into the atmosphere, causing significant harm to the environment. We are developing, among other things, mobile complexes that can operate in remote locations during oil production,” Kutafin said. Metanica aims to promote its technology not only in Russia but also abroad. “Quite a few requests to use our developments have come from abroad. Our team sees itself as an integral part of humanity, and so our technology and products will be available all over the world,” Kutafin said. Metanica is not the only company in Russia interested in Bioprotein. In 2019, Protelux completed a 6,000 tonne per year methane-tofeed-protein plant in Russia, based on technology from the Danish company Unibio. 4 fermenters encompassing methanotrophic bacteria that absorb natural gas have been constructed as part of the Ivangorod facility not far from the Russian border with the European Union, the company said in a statement. The Danish company's ULoop technology enables natural gas to be converted
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into a single-cell protein – UniProtein – to be further used in feed. A more efficient and faster way of fermenting These methanotrophic bacteria consume the C1 connections in the methane gas in order to grow. They have transformed into protein granules thanks to a traditional downstream process. This patented technology is a vertical pipe structure that provides optimal growth conditions for the bacteria. This is a more efficient and faster way of fermenting than horizontal, conventional bioreactors. Protelux has invested some $35 million in this project. The company has also unveiled plans to build 10 similar plants all over the country in the next decade with a designed production capacity of 100,000 tonnes per year each and with expected revenues of over $1.5 billion. If these plans work out, Russia will be able to swiftly regain its position as the world's leader of bioprotein production. In 2017, it was announced that the second plant was to be launched in the Alabuga special economic zone in the Tatarstan Republic, Russia. The investment cost was estimated at Rub 18 billion ($270 million) and production is expected to reach 100,000 tonnes per year (to be obtained from 180 million cubic meters of natural gas). In April 2018, the company also signed a letter of intent with the government of Astrakhan Oblast, Russia, to build another 100,000-tonnes plant for Rub 10 billion ($135
million). However, there was no further progress on either project over the past few years. There is no information as to when these 2 plants might become operational. Changing competitive environment There are good prospects that the new bioprotein projects will succeed. Nevertheless, this could be difficult, given the expanding fishmeal and soybean meal production capacities in Russia, commented a source in the Russian feed industry. Besides, the biggest agricultural holdings are struggling to achieve complete independence in feedstuff, so they are not very interested in bioprotein, he said. Fishmeal During the past few years, Russian production of fishmeal has been limited to 100,000 tonnes per year. This figure is forecasted to triple over the next few years, as the Russian government has embarked on reform of investment quotas in the fishing industry, offering fishermen quotas in exchange for investments in new vessels or processing infrastructure. Under this program, Russian fishermen will put 23 fishprocessing plants into operation in the next few years, including plants for fishmeal production. Soybean meal Russian soybean production totaled 3.08 million tonnes in 2019. This figure has increased by a factor of 3.5 over the past decade and further growth should expand soybean meal supplies for the Russian feed industry.
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 11 | Sep 2020
Indian university issues advisory against pest infesting maize crops
Punjab Agricultural University has issued an advisory to manage the fall armyworm, an invasive insect-pest that has been infesting maize crops in Punjab since mid-June. PK Chhuneja, head, department of entomology, PAU, said incidences of fall armyworm in timely sown grain maize has been rare, and at this stage, it has further diminished. He added that based on last year's experience, the incidence in the coming days on fodder maize is also imminent. So, farmers have been advised to regularly survey their fields, especially the crops sown late, and take up immediate management measures as soon as the pest is observed on the crop.
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During the regular survey, egg masses and younger larval instar can be collected and destroyed. Weather conditions in SeptemberOctober is favorable for the infestation by this pest, Chhuneja said. He added that the pest is easier to control in the initial stage, while the grown larvae cause more damage, making round to oblong holes in leaves along with a large amount of fecal matter. The larvae can be identified from four spots in a square pattern at the rear end and white-colored inverted Yshaped mark on the head. Pest management Fodder maize should not be sown after mid-August. Avoid staggering sowing of maize especially in adjacent fields.
Incidence of the pest is higher in high density planting of fodder maize while it is lesser in mixed cropping, for example, when sown along with bajra. Collect and destroy egg masses of fall armyworm from leaves. Egg masses are covered with hairs and are easily visible. In case of higher pest attack, spray Coragen 18.5 SC (chlorantraniliprole). Use 120 liters of water per acre for up to 20 days old crop and increase the quantity by up to 200 liters as per crop growth. Direct the nozzle towards the whorl of the plant. Observe a waiting period of 21 days (after spray) before harvest to ensure the safety of animals Source: hindustantimes
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