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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
Stray Cattle in India: A growing menace which demands immediate attention Home to the largest cattle and buffalo population, with 186 million cattle and 95 million buffaloes, India has the largest bovine population
Publisher & Editor Prachi Arora prachi.a@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
in the world. Of course, then it is not surprising that India also happens to be the largest producer of milk in the world. However,a large percentage of our non- descript breeds of cattle are very low yielders. The poor farmers, who cannot support the general maintenance and feeding of
Managing Editor
non performing cattle, let loose their animals to the mercy of being fed
Dr. T.K. Walli Former Head, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI
on garbage and road side grasses. Thestray-cattlewhich is roaming on the busy streets and roads in India is unmistakably a common sight now. In fact, this problem of stray cattle in India isassuming an alarming situation, posing threat to life and property through road accidents.Not
Marketing & Designing Ashwani Verma info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
only that, when these hungry cattle herds enter any cropped field in the rural and semi urban areas, nothing is left therein the field. So, the problemis twofold, for both people living in cities and for the farmers cultivating cash crops as well fodder crops in rural areas. In fact, farmers
Circulation & Subscription Head Ramesh Kumar info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
have been the biggest sufferers of the stray cattle menace as they destroy the freshly sproutedwheat crop, which is sweet in taste. In may be noteworthy to think that stray buffaloes are a rare sight. This is just because, once the buffaloes become unproductive, they find their way to
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flourishing meat industry. In fact, there is a huge market for buffalo meat in the Middle East, and the Indian meat industry is fast growing on a fast tract.
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
However, there exists a racket being operated by some gangs, who pose themselves as stray cattle catchers, under the grab of cow vigilante
Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale Former Chairman, CLFMA of India
groups. They strike a deal with the villagers bycharging them heavy sums, for taking away their cattle from the fields and with a promise to
Mr. Amit Sachdev Indian Representative, US Grain Council Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand US Soybean Export Council Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition, MAFSU, Parbhani Dr. SN Mohanty Former Principal Scientist, CIFA Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta Agricultural Economist
putting them in gaushalas.
However, it is said that cattle given to
gaushalas are not looked after well there. This is because these Gaushalas are not properly equipped to handle such a large flux of stray cattle, due to shortage of space, nor do they possess proper technical expertise to improve the productive performance of these cattle through better management and feeding. So, some of these cattle are allowed to leave the Gaushalas and finally they find their way on footpaths and dividers of the roads in crowded cities. So, the most important step for the govt is to allocate morefunds tomodernize the existing Gaushalas, with proper space, housing, nutrition of the animals, and appointing veterinarians and other live stock experts to make these animals productive. Better nutrition could
Dr. Swamy Haladi Feed Additive Expert
make a difference in the performance of these animals. Apart from
Dr. R Gnana Sekar Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting
gaushala, the dung could be used to make vermi compost and products
that,while the cow dung could be used to generate electricity for the like pots, agarbattis, soaps etc., using improved manufacturing Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu
technologies for these products.
TK Walli www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in www.benisonmedia.com
Monthly Magazine for Feed & Feed Technology
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
Vollume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015
Contents R&D
INDUSTRY NEWS
05 New live feed in India may reduce import from USA & China ARTICLE
06 Report to succeed in Aqua Feed by Rabobank 12 MilkLane forays into cattle feed business in Tamil Nadu 14 Anmol Feeds expansion in India
08 Parameters Influencing Egg Shell Quality
20 Vice President calls for expansion of aquaculture sector
13 Quality Silage Making: Specific reference to Maize Silage
21 NIAP price forecast for crops launch in two years will highlight India on global map 22 Trade deal to send more U.S. grain to Japan
EVENT COVERAGE
28 CLFMA Symposium deliberates “Indian Livestock Farming: Prospects & Role of Government Policies” for the benefit of Livestock Industry
23 ADM funds Feed Technology Center to facilitate research in pet nutrition and animal agriculture 24 UK retail giant – Tesco moves to source salmon fed on alternative feed ingredients 25 Fall armyworm reported in maize crop of Bihar 26 Canada approves insect-based feed companies
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R&D
New live feed in India may reduce import from USA & China
Artemia, the most important live feed in shrimp and fish hatcheries, has been brought out by RGCA, the research wing of the Marine Products Export Development Agency (MPEDA), under the brand name 'Pearl'. The live feed, developed under the Make in India programme, was formally launched by Vice President M. Venkaiah Naidu at the just concluded fifth edition of MPEDA's Aqua Aquaria India (AAI) in Hyderabad. “India currently imports around 300 tonnes of Artemia in dried cyst form worth Rs. 300 crore annually, mainly from USA and China. It is an important consumable in shrimp and fish hatcheries for the larvae of farmed aquatic organisms,” MPEDA Chairman M K S Srinivas said. “Artemia appears only in waters of high salinity. There is a huge potential for artemia live feed in the country and its operations can be expanded on a large scale in states like Maharashtra and
Gujarat,” he added. India is looking to double its seafood exports from the present $ 7 billion to $ 15 billion by 2024 through introduction of new varieties, and expansion of aquaculture cultivation to new areas. “Our indigenous Pearl brand of artemia is a big step in realising this ambitious target,” Mr. Srinivas said Describing the breakthrough as one of the most successful stories in the country's aquaculture sector, Dr. S. Kandan, project director, MPEDA-RGCA, said, “The University of Kent in Belgium, an authority to test artemia, has certified our product as the best of its kind in the world. “The price of imported brands of artemia costs around Rs 5,300 for 450 grams in India, whereas the Pearl brand artemia developed indigenously is priced much lower at Rs 3,500 for 450 grams. “The cost can be brought down further once the production increases,” he pointed out. At present, Artemia is being produced in the facilities of MPEDA-RGCA at Tuticorin and Ramanathapuram in Tamil Nadu NSE -1.67 %, with a total capacity of 500 kg per year. At present, MPEDA-RGCA produces Artemia in 18 hectares. However, the country has a potential area of 12,000 hectares that could be utilized for its production. “Towards this, assistance from various state governments and more entrepreneurship is needed,” he said. RGCA will also supply artemia to hatcheries of marine fin fish and ornamental fishes. Source: economictimes
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In a major breakthrough, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Aquaculture (RGCA) has indigenously developed a live feed, which can help reduce India's dependence on imports from USA and China.
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INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
Latest report by Rabobank to succeed in Aqua Feed The aquafeed industry needs to “think out of the box to find growth,” according to a new report, How to Succeed in Aqua Feed, which has been published by Rabobank. As the report notes: “After years of growth, the aqua feed industry is experiencing a deceleration, with increasing overcapacity in nearly all key markets globally. The causes vary and are often region-specific, but what is clear is that the aqua feed industry will need to think out of the box to find growth.”
especially since expected growth of shrimp aquaculture has decreased to be more in line with demand growth”.
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Finally, for tilapia and pangasius, the authors note that the impact of factors such as the US-China trade war has and The most promising avenues for anti-dumping measures in the US have led to “declining growth, according to the report, include exports and a freshwater aquaculture industry with “combining feed with a range of considerable oversupply, falling prices, and a lower profit complementary inputs, such as pool for the entire global value chain, including feed genetics, animal health products, data production. Combined with the fact that tilapia and analysis solutions, hardware, and farm pangasius feed has relatively low barriers to entry, this has management software, in order to become an intensely competitive sector, and it is now one extract previously unobtainable of the lowest-margin products among all aquatic feeds.” synergies.” Despite these challenges facing the sector the authors How aquafeed players can become suggest four key ways in which feed producers can not innovation drivers in the aquaculture only adapt to the changing environment but also help to industry drive the evolution of the aquaculture industry as a whole. Context is provided by a sector-byThe first involves “accelerating the adoption of sector breakdown which details the technologies” through partnerships for joint R&D and trends in each of the salmon, shrimp investment in promising companies. “Ultimately, the and tilapia and pangasius industries. combination of feed, data, and aquaculture farming The report notes that opportunities in technology can be one of the key drivers of growth and the salmon feed sector are being efficiency improvement for the industry” the report limited by the slowdown in salmon explains. production in Norway and Chile, and by The second suggestion is for feed producers to start an increasing trend for salmon selling genetics and animal health products as “a powerful producers to mill their own feeds. way to create value for farmers and improve the
06
Indeed, as the report points out, Mowi and Bakkafrost becoming self-sufficient in feeds in Norway, Scotland, Ireland and the Faroe Islands, essentially reduces the European aquafeed market by 20 percent. While, the authors add, “it cannot be ruled out that some of the larger players in Chile or in other regions will at some point vertically integrate into feed”. Meanwhile, the shrimp feed sector, they note, is characterised by overcapacity, not least in India and Thailand, which "will take years of growth to fill,
profitability of input suppliers”, while the third involves developing novel feed ingredients. The fourth and final suggestion is for feed producers to become more involved as investors and technology partners in state-of-the-art production systems such as RAS and offshore. “In many cases – especially since RAS requires specialised feed – this will require the participation of the feed industry, at least as a technical partner,” the authors explain. “The feed companies have to do something, the feed market is slowing down and contracting in the commodity end, while in the more innovative end there is so much opportunity,” explained Gorjan Nikolik - senior animal protein analyst at Rabobank.
ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
Parameters Influencing Egg Shell Quality S R Prabakar, Kemin Industries South Asia Pvt. Ltd.
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Introduction
08
Indian poultry industry produces about 90 billion eggs annually with an estimated yearly sectoral growth of 6%. The per capita egg consumption annually in India is around 70 eggs. However, the National Nutrition Institute recommends 180 eggs per person per year. Eggs are healthy food for human consumption. The egg quality standards are of utmost important. The major egg quality parameters are cleanliness, soundness, texture and shape of shell; relative viscosity and freedom from foreign materials in albumen; shape, firmness and freedom of defects in yolk. Egg shell plays a crucial role in protecting the contents of egg from microbial and physical contamination, and in
controlling the exchange of moisture and gases with the external environment. In commercial layer and breeder operations, the shell quality parameters like shell thickness and breakage strength helps in increased saleable or hatching eggs, resulting in high number of viable day-old chick production. Defects in shell quality can cause substantial losses to a commercial egg producer. Factors Affecting Egg Shell Quality Role of Nutrients Balancing the calcium and phosphorus in layer feed formulation is of utmost importance to maintain a better egg production and shell quality. A normal poultry egg contains almost two grams of calcium in their egg shell. To maintain a better egg shell quality, a daily dietary intake of four grams of calcium through the diet is essential. In general, 50-60% of dietary calcium is used for the egg shell formation. A normal layer ration containing 3.56 % or higher calcium level would ensure maintenance of 2030mg/dl of calcium levels in their blood. When layer birds are fed with a calcium deficient diet (<2%
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
leading to lower feed intake and resulting in reduced egg production and poor shell quality. Age of Birds Calcium and phosphorus level must be maintained in feed of laying hens as per the age. Normal egg contains about 2g of calcium regardless of the laying hen's age and egg weight. As the hen's age advances, eggs will become larger with thinner shell. The absorption of calcium from intestine will also be reduced. As age advances, calcium level in feed should be increased. In phase-1 (0.5% hen day production to 40 weeks of age), 4.2g/day calcium and 0.44g/day available phosphorus must be provided. In phase-2 (above 41 weeks of age), 4.35g/day calcium and 0.42g/day available phosphorus must be provided. Physiological Changes In early stage of laying period, the young layer birds commonly produce soft shelled eggs. This will be reduced with the maturity of reproductive system. Sometimes, stress or fright could also lead to the eggs laid without shell. Disease Condition
Phosphorus absorption is optimal at a pH range of 5.5-6.0. The absorption of phosphorus decreases when pH is higher than 6.5. A high dietary calcium level increases the pH in gut leading to a reduced phosphorus absorption along with zinc and manganese. Correspondingly, a high plasma phosphorus level has a negative influence on the calcium absorption and mobilization. An increase free fatty acid levels in diet, decreases the pH and interferes with calcium and phosphorus absorption. Mycotoxins Aflatoxin B1 and cyclopiazonic acid are the most common mycotoxins implicated in egg shell quality. Aflatoxins were found to reduce the calcium content in egg shell of laying hens. Whereas, cyclopiazonic acid produces a marked deterioration in egg shell quality in laying hens. T2 toxin and deoxynivalenol elicit oral lesions
Environmental Changes Disturbance in the plasmatic acid-base balance results in soft shelled egg production. During exposure to warm environmental temperatures, hens reacts by increasing its rate of breathing to help cool itself. This physiological occurrence causes the lowering of CO2 in blood and produces a condition termed "respiratory alkalosisâ&#x20AC;?. The pH of blood becomes alkaline reducing the availability of Ca++ needed for the formation of egg shell. This causes an increase in the production of soft-shelled eggs. Thus, egg shell quality is somewhat compromised during warm summer months. !
After forced moulting, the egg specific gravity, shell weight and shell thickness tend to improve or maintain same as prior to the forced moulting.
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dietary levels), the layer birds utilize 30-40% of its calcium from the bone for its normal egg shell formation.
Diseases like infectious bronchitis (IB), new castle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) affects the egg shell quality. In IB, occurrence of misshapen eggs with thin, soft, rough and pale shells were observed. While in ND, occurrence of misshapen eggs, rough or thin shelled eggs and reduced egg production could be observed. Mycoplasma gallisepticum affects the bird's respiratory tract, responsible for salpingitis, reduced egg production and poor egg quality. Whereas, Mycoplasma synoviae affects the oviduct of layers resulting in egg production with shell abnormalities like roughened shell surface, shell thinning and increased translucency on apical side leaving a clear demarcation zone. The proportion of affected eggs can be as high as 25% with susceptibility to breakage and cracking of eggs resulting in economic losses.
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ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
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Egg shell breaking strength is also improved in all strains of layer birds after forced moulting.
10
!
Low dietary cationic-anionic balance, presence of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and mycotoxins results in poor egg shell quality.
!
Old layer cages with rough edges and handling of eggs leads to egg breakage.
from intestine in association with fats and it requires the presence of bile salts for absorption. Sodium Bicarbonate Addition of sodium bicarbonate maintains the dietary electrolyte balance, thus positively influencing the egg shell quality through better calcium absorption. During summer, sodium bicarbonate must be added at the rate of 1kg per ton of feed to improve egg shell quality. Chromium and Vitamin-C
Chromium improves the productive performance in poultry due to its important functions in metabolism, Steps to Improve Egg Shell growth and reduction of lipid and protein Quality peroxidation. Glucose tolerance factor (GTF), the Trace Minerals biologically active form of chromium potentiates the action of insulin and thereby regulating the Trace minerals are essential in the carbohydrate metabolism. Under heat stress biochemical processes necessary for growth and development, including conditions, chromium plays a crucial role in poultry nutrition, production, health and enhances the bone and egg shell formation. Zinc quality of eggs. Ascorbic acid improves the poultry plays a vital role in deposition of performance during stress conditions by lowering of albumen and egg shell membranes plasma corticosterone level and adrenocorticotropic production respectively in magnum hormone. When ascorbic acid was used at 100mg/kg and isthmus respectively. The of feed or less for commercial layers, an improvement carbonic anhydrase, a zinc in egg production, egg shell quality and livability was dependent enzyme, stimulates observed. Thus, a combination of chromium and calcium carbonate deposition for vitamin-C will be more beneficial to combat the heat egg shell formation. Manganese is essential for egg shell formation and stress with an improvement in production and shell quality. positively affect egg shell quality. Copper, an integral part of lysylManagement oxidase enzyme is important in ! Analyze the raw materials for multi-toxins before collagen formation present in egg the usage. shell membrane. In poultry nutrition, ! In old layers, increase in egg size leads to either inorganic or organic forms of thinning of egg shell. Hence, feed formulation trace minerals are commonly added should be optimized to maintain standard egg as feed additives to diets in size and avoid egg breakage. improving hen's performance, ! A proper vaccination for infectious bronchitis and production and quality of eggs. new castle diseases must be followed to sustain Compared to inorganic sources, egg shell quality. organic mineral sources are Mycoplasma prevention program should be reported to have several advantages ! followed in chicks, growers and layers. including protection from undesired ! A practice of minimum two or more egg chemical reactions in collection schedules daily should be followed to gastrointestinal tract, easy passage avoid piling of eggs and egg breakage. intact through intestine wall and, possibly different absorption, metabolic pathway and mechanism.
Conclusion
Proper nutritional management by providing calcium Calcium, Phosphorus and Vitamin- and phosphorus as per the age of birds with optimal D3 dosage of organic trace minerals in addition to Vitamin D3, is important to improve the egg shell quality. A Crystalline layer of egg shell better health management of birds with regular consists of more than 90% calcium vaccination schedules and good farm management in the form of calcium carbonate. practices are vital to avoid egg shell quality related The dietary calcium (3.8- 4.2%) uptake, deposition and excretion are diseases problems. The improvement in egg shell quality parameters will avoid egg breakage losses regulated by Vitamin D3 and its ensuring a better return to the farmers. metabolites. Vitamin-D3 is absorbed
INDUSTRY NEWS Image Source: nutritechfeeds
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
MilkLane forays into cattle feed business in Tamil Nadu MilkLane, a Bengaluru-based dairy start-up incubated by Pioneering Ventures, has forayed into the cattle feed business with the launch of a new brand with two variants, Aayush Max and Aayush Rich. The decision comes as the company aims to improve health of the cattle, quality and productivity of the milk through high-quality cattle feed.
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The high-quality feed, with a balanced source of essential nutrients, benefits both farmers and end consumers. The product improves animal health and milk production ensuring enhanced income for the farmers, while driving corrective interventions for safe and toxin-free milk for the consumers.
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During a pilot phase for six months, the product was given to 500 farmers in Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, and administered to 1,000 cows to improve their health conditions and to increase milk productivity as well as the quality. Post the pilot, the company has proceeded with the commercial launch in the open market in Tamil Nadu, which will be followed by other states in Southern India. “Our entry into the cattle feed business has come up at the right time when the government is committed towards the dairy-sector. In the recent Union Budget, it has been proposed to create infrastructure for cattle feed management and milk procurement,
thereby facilitating private players to support farmers,” said Gaurav Haran, chief executive officer, Milklane. “Having said that, we are also exploring other opportunities to strengthen our farm-to-fork value chain and further build on our current strong association with the farmers,” he added. “Indian farmers need to be trained about the nutritiondeficiency in cattle feed which is affecting the economics of dairy farms badly. Also, the presence of toxins in feed can end up in milk as well,” Haran said. “Hence, we go a step further by educating farmers on best dairy practices and provides them with a holistic extension service, which includes veterinary services, nutrition and preventive care, facilitating finance and insurance services,” he added. Dr Ashok Modgil, head, operations, MilkLane, said, “The lack of hygienic fodder can lead to Aflatoxicosis, a condition caused by prolonged feeding of mould infested fodder. This can cause liver disease, slower weight gain and impaired lactation cycle in dairy cattle, ultimately impacting the quality of milk.” “Hence, we have rolled out a high-quality nutritionbalanced cattle feed, which is free from toxins, to mitigate the risks arising out of poor-quality feeding,” he added. MilkLane launches the hygienic cattle feed in an effort to continuously safeguard cattle and human health. It contains required protein, minerals, and nutrition which ensures increased milk yield. Additionally, it improves the density and quality of milk, which further produces more butter and fat content in the milk. It is manufactured using a scientifically-developed recipe, formulated by a proper mix of quality cereals, grains, oilseed cakes and minerals, providing suitable nutrition solutions to the farmers. Source: newsvoir
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
Anmol Feeds expansion in India Having just recently inaugurated a new poultry feed plant in Jammu and Kashmir, Anmol Feeds has announced plans for two new facilities for the production of feeds for aquaculture species as it expands across India and beyond to neighboring countries Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan.
capacity is 70,000 mt, most of which will be poultry feed.
â&#x20AC;&#x153;By opening our new facility in Jammu, we will be closer to our consumers in the J&K region and can better adapt our products to their needs and preferences,â&#x20AC;? said Saraogi. At the inauguration, the firm announced its new logo, and launched its Nouriture brand, which aims to propel its future feed businesses for the aquaculture With a total investment of INR 550 and cattle sector, as well as to consolidate its poultry million (US$8 million), Anmol Feeds has nutrition business. announced its intentions to set up a At present, Anmol Feeds has eight state-of-the-art new plant producing shrimp feed in manufacturing plants across six states- Uttar Pradesh, Kolkata, and a facility for floating fish Bihar, West Bengal, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand and feeds near the border between Bihar Haryana. With a cumulative production capacity of 1300 and Uttar Pradesh, reports Economic tonnes per day, the company, has been catering to the Times. livestock feed requirements of 19 states across India. Both of the new production units are expected to be completed within two to three years. Once operational, they will increase the firm's total daily output from 1300 metric tons (mt) to 1500 mt, according to the firm's managing director, Amit Saraogi.
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In June, Anmol Feeds inaugurated a new feed mill at Samba in the northern state of Jammu & Kashmir (J&K), reported Kashmir Reader. Its annual
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ARTICLE Image Source: Cut to clamp
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
Quality Silage Making: Specific reference to Maize Silage
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Dr Marius Bogdan and Dr Suyash Vardhan - Trouw Nutrition
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Maize silage is often used in dairy cow feeding and represents 50% or more of the total content in Total Mixed Ration (TMR) in Europe, North America, Australia and Asia. Maize or corn is a very versatile plant with high growth rate, resistant and one of the most high-yielding forage crops (Roth et al., 2001). Globally, maize is a leading cereal grown â&#x20AC;&#x201C; in EU-28 maize was grown on 14.7 million hectares and maize silage acreage was 5.9 million hectares. In India, maize is the third largest crop after wheat and rice. It is being used for human consumption, fodder, and industrial applications like starch, oil, beverages, sweeteners, pharmaceutical applications, cosmetics, gums, packaging and paper industry. Because of high palatability, sufficient starch level, digestible NDF and protein, corn silage is the most valuable forage for ruminant livestock. Nevertheless, in
order to obtain a very high-quality corn silage, few critical points have to be considered. Harvesting: Harvesting time is essential in order to achieve not only the best nutritional value, but also to reduce mould contamination risk on the field. !
Optimal cutting stage: dry matter between 30 and 35% DM. It is very important to know that dry down rate is 0.5-0.75 % per day, even higher in hot climate.
!
Optimum milk-line stage: ½ to ž (figure 1). High milk ratio means low starch content, whereas low milk ratio (dry kernel) means dry silage and therefore poor compression in
Silage pit: !
Length of particle: 10-15 mm or 19-22 mm if mixing wagon has a silage cutter.
!
Kernels should be broken into multiple pieces and cobs should be broken into thumbnail-sized pieces or less (Roth et al., 2001).
!
More than 90% of kernels have to be crushed. Corn starch is the most important fermentation substrate
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
Milk line Wax/Starch Milk Figure 1. Determination of milk line, to judge the correct harvesting time for maize fodder.
Milk Line
Figure 2. Uncrushed kernels in corn silage are eliminated undigested in the manure
Figure 3. Compacting silage, 2 MT pressing weight behind heavy tractor for better compaction.
!
One very thin folia, maximum 40ì thick which is in direct contact with silage and contours the forage, filling any gaps left during the packing
!
Top of the silage has to be covered with a 150-200ì plastic folia for protection against water, rodents and birds.
Wax/Starch Milk
Compression: It is the most important point at ensiling, because it: i)
Minimizes aerobic activity
ii)
Maximizes anaerobic activity
!
Layers for compression: max 30 cm.
!
Use heavy tractors/tools that can apply uniform and heavy pressure (figure 3), in order to eliminate as much Oxygen as possible.
!
Cover the silage every night.
!
When continuing work on the second day, it is recommended to not compress the pile created the day before because this will eliminate CO₂ produced during the night. Compressing should start only after fresh corn is loaded on top of the pile.
!
Figure 4: Preparation of Silage Bunker.
Fermentation: Upon silage pit sealing, a chain of reactions starts, the most important ones being anaerobic fermentation: !
Phase I (1-2 days) – in this phase the plants continue their respiration and, as a result of this activity CO₂ is being produced. Inside the silage mass the temperature starts to rise above 20°C and the pH is around 6-6.5.
!
Phase II (1-3 days) – anaerobic fermentation starts; acetic acid, lactic acid and ethanol are produced and temperature reaches 30-32°C. The pH decreases to 5 and lactic acid bacteria start flourishing. This is also known as heterofermentative phase. At times, if natural occurring
After last layer, continue to compress another 2-3 hours.
Preparation of Silage Pit and its Sealing: After Oxygen has been removed from silage it is very important to keep the air outside, so it is recommendable to use two plastic folia:
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for lactic acid bacteria. If corn kernels are not crushed, starch is not available for lactic acid bacteria, hence the fermentation will be poor, pH will not decrease enough and the consequence is mould proliferation. Also, most of uncrushed kernels will not be digested by cow and it will be eliminated in manure (figure 2).
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ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
bacteria is more than 10,000 CFU/g, it may limit the growth of lactic acid bacteria, especially of bacterial inoculants. !
!
Phase III (3-5 days) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; now the fermentation is almost exclusively lactic, pH drops to 4 and, by the end of this phase silage mass starts to cool down. This is also known as homo-fermentative phase. Under tropical climate, it is important to achieve pH 4-5 early in order to prevent hot fermentation in silage, which makes it favourable for mould and yeast to grow within silage. Phase IV (15-21 days) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; all kind of fermentations are almost shut down, pH is stabilized at around 4 and the temperature inside the silage mass should be more or less the same as the environment temperature (maximum 10-15°C above environment temperature)
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Figure 5: Dr Marius sharing Silage preservation technique with dairy farm advisors
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Table 1. Corn silage parameters Parameters
Minim
Maxim
Dry Matter, %
27
37
Crude Protein, % DM
7
-
NPN, % DM
<5
Starch, % DM
25
ME, MJ/kg DM
>8
NEL, MJ/kg DM
>6
Ash, % DM
3
5
ADF, % DM
20
26
NDF, % DM
40
45
Sugar, % DM
2
4
Fat, % DM
3
5
Lactic Acid, % DM
3
7
Acetic Acid, % DM
<2
Butyric Acid, % DM
< 0,1
Propionic Acid, % DM
<1
Ethanol, % DM
1
3
pH
3,8
4,5
-
extreme mould contamination, or high level of ammonia. Lactic acid is an important organic acid for good silage because it is a strong acid, with low dissociation constant (pKa=3.86). High level of lactic acid means that good fermentation occurred and the silage is stable, while low lactic acid content is a result of high dry matter content or Clostridia fermentation. Lactic acid is the most efficient preservative of corn silage.
Regardless of what additives we are using (e.g. silage inoculants or mixture of organic acids), the outcome is the same: pH starts to drop, lactic acid bacteria prevail as pH decreases, so at the end of the day lactic acid becomes the most prevalent acid in the silage pit. Experts recommend a mixture of organic acids After 45 days the silage pit may be containing Lactic acid, Sorbic acid, Propionic acid and its opened, however it may be opened at stable salts exactly for this reason. High levels of acetic around 30 days, if silage stabilizers have acid can be encountered in very wet silages (below 25% been used. It is extremely important dry matter), in silages that were slow compressed or bad that when opening the silage pit to covered or in silages treated with ammonia, which raises analyze the silage quality. Few pH and this can lead to dry matter intake limitations. parameters, if correctly interpreted, High level of butyric acid, over 0.5% in dry matter shows reflect not only the fermentation that Clostridia fermentation has undergone. This quality, but also the nutritive values of situation might occur when soil is mixed with crop the silage (table 1). during harvest. Nutrient values show the nutritive Silage with high butyric acid level will have low nutritive quality of the silage, whereas organic value and high ADF and NDF. Usually, propionic acid acids levels and pH reflect quality of concentration in corn silage is less the 1%, but when dry fermentation and silage mass stability. matter is around 35-40%, this organic acid is almost A low pH indicates that the silage is undetectable. Because propionic acid is a good silage stable and moulds cannot further stababilizer and energy source, a low propionic acid develop. High pH, over 4.5 can be a silage can be treated with Propionic acid or its salt result of a dry silage (over 50% dry based organic acid additives or biological additives such matter), Clostridia fermentation,
ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
as silage inoculants. Inoculants can be used following its specific composition, environmental and climatic condition and inoculant's specificity of the crop and manufacturers storage and usage specifications. Under conditions when extremely wet or dry silages are prepared, or when compressing is poor and when silage pit coverage is improper, the yeast or mould activity restarts and second fermentation of silage occurs. Visible indications of such asilage damage are high pH, increasing silage mass temperature, high ethanol level, high butyric acid level, odour and colour modifications. Usually silage becomes yellowish because of Maillard reaction, but also can have dark brown, black or red spots because mould activity and bad, acidic odour can be detected. Though there are different opinions for the usage of the silage additives for effective preservation of silage, few important aspects needs to be taken under consideration: Dry matter content and crop type: Many inoculants are crop specific and require effective storage specification, from refrigeration to cool and dry storage specifications. Choice of bacterial strain and its adaptability in specific crop should be considered
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Climatic condition at the time of ensiling: As in tropical climate temperature remains high, it is important to choose additive considering the hot and humid condition. It is important to bring pH down to 4-5 to prevent hot fermentation and provide anaerobic condition to ensiled material.
18
Wet Silage: When harvested under high moisture condition or rainy season, needs adequate precaution, as it is prone to low aerobic stability and less compaction. Dilution of silage: Additive needs to be such that it leads to high Aw activity in ensiled material, resulting in water pockets in ensiled material. Conventional methods: like incorporation of salt, urea, molasses needs to be reviewed by silage experts, as it is quite specific to the ensiled material with clear objective of the
preservation requirements. Incorporation of high amount of Salt and Ammonia, may not allow pH to drop down to desirable level and as Molasses quality varies a lot, it may not be fit for silage. Addition of enzymes: as silage preservative is usually targeted towards mobilization of sugar content from starch, but needs to be evaluated, on the basis of its requirement and its choice as per the crop type. Aerobic fermentation inhibitors (FI): like Selko TMR, under hot and humid climate works well provided its incorporation and composition fills in the requirement of silage preservation. FI, with blend of organic acid, rich in lactic acid, propionic acid, sorbic acid and propionate salts helps in reducing pH quickly, control water activity in ensiled material and aerobic stability of the fodder kept under preservation, without specificity of the Crop type. It is advised that use of silage additives can improve shelf life of the silage in bunkers and bales. Main emphasis needs to be given on the quality of silage manufacturing which includes all management aspects starting from sowing in the right season, harvesting at the right DM, proper wilting and filling in the Bunkers and Bales, right pressing and compaction, proper packing and face management while opening for feeding. Use of Silage additives does not ensure better preservation quality if silage making management is poor. One of the most common reasons of second fermentation is silage face management since exposure to air is huge and constant in this area (figure 6). Figure 6. Silage mold spoilage because of second fermentation
In order to avoid mould in the silage, there are few actions that have to be taken, both before and after ensiling. Before ensiling: !
Start harvesting at right corn maturity (milk line at ½ - ž)
!
Check the whole plant moisture: 63 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 73%
!
Chop corn silage at 10-15 mm
!
Perform a very good compression of silage mass
!
Close silage pit as soon as possible and seal it with two layers of plastic folia
!
For better fermentation, treat silage with silage inoculants (mixture of homo- or hetero- fermentative lactic bacteria). However, these bacteria, even though
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
effect on animal health through their toxins,
can be effective in regulating lactic fermentation, they do not survive in highly acidic silage (Jones et al., 2004) !
For better fermentation and silage stabilization, treat silage with fermentation inhibitors. These products are mixtures of organic acids, usually propionic acid, sorbic acid, benzoic acid. Organic acids lower silage pH and therefore are very effective in inhibiting molds and yeasts growth
After ensiling: !
!
!
Ensure a contact area with the air as low as possible after silage removal for feeding Ensure a feeding speed of 1.5 m/week. If this speed cannot be managed, the contact surface can be treated with silage stabilizers that contain organic acids (i.e. propionic, sorbic or benzoic acid). Regardless how good the silo is managed, open surface is exposed to Oxygen (figure 7), so and desirable fermentation can start at any time, especially under hot climate circumstances
producing important disorders at different levels: rumen (Fumonisin, Patulin), respiratory tract (Ochratoxin), digestive system (T-2, DON) or in reproduction (Zearalenone). In India, major presence of Aflatoxin B1 has been detected in majority of raw material as well- finished feed samples in lab analysis. !
Human health â&#x20AC;&#x201C; some mycotoxins can be transferred from silage to cow and further in milk, threatening human health. One of the most important toxins is aflatoxin, which is quite a common mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus spp. especially in corn silage under hot climate environment. There is an important transfer rate of aflatoxin metabolites in milk (Aflatoxin M1 and M2), ranging between 1% and 6% (Diaz et al., 2004).
It is therefore very important to produce a high-quality silage, because a bad maize silage represents a limiting factor for dry matter intake. However, even if moulds are not spoiling organoleptic characteristics of the TMR, the insidious mycotoxins will impede cow metabolism or, worst; will be consumed by people via animal products. References available on request. For further details, please contact the authors at customercareindia@trouwnutrition.com
Second fermentation after silage pit opening is very dangerous, as mycotoxin production can occur, toxins being the mould's response against stressful situations. Mycotoxin's harmful potential is reflected in three components: !
TMR organoleptic qualities â&#x20AC;&#x201C; some moulds damage silage content, reducing feed intake and this leads to low milk production (Penicillium spp., Mucor spp., Rhizopus spp. etc.)
!
Animal health â&#x20AC;&#x201C; some have direct
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Figure 7. Exposed surface of the silage leads to second fermentation.
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INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
Vice President calls for expansion of aquaculture sector
Vice President M. Venkaiah Naidu called for expansion of India's aquaculture sector through diversification, value addition and penetration in the hinterland and noncoastal states.
vertical expansion and importance has to be given to environment-friendly aquaculture in rural areas. Besides, branding and export-oriented aquaculture practices have to be adopted.
In his address at the fifth edition of Aqua Aquaria India (AAI), a biennial showpiece event in Asia's marine products sector organized by the Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA), Naidu said: "Most of the Asian countries are focusing on advanced technology for increasing fish production and productivity. In China and Israel, production of marine products is 10 to 15 metric tonnes per hectare. India also needs to substantially increase its production for exports and domestic requirements."
sector, one per cent came from the fisheries. But it has to be increased substantially," he said.
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"Sustainability and productivity have to be the twin mantra for India's aquaculture sector," he said, adding that He said that the seafood industry needs the country holds immense potential in developing inland aquaculture that can significantly boost exports. renewed impetus to make its stupendous growth sustainable, gain He underlined the need to increase investments in the competitive edge in international fields of aquaculture, especially in shrimp farming. "India is markets, provide nutritional security the fourth largest exporter of fish and the fisheries sector and generate employment, especially in gives employment to more than 40.5 million people. Of rural areas. the five per cent GDP contributed by the agriculture
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Telangana's Minister for Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Talasani Srinivas Yadav said that the state government was giving priority to the fisheries sector by allocating sops to the farmers in the form of 100 per cent grant and 80 per cent subsidy for Integrated Fisheries Development Programme. The Vice President also presented awards to 10 aquaculture farmers who made remarkable success in the field. The awardees included Hormis Tharakan, former DGP of Kerala and ex-chief of RAW, for successfully cultivating Black Tiger shrimp using the high health disease free seed from the multispecies aquaculture complex of MPEDA.
Around 5,000 delegates from India and abroad participated in the three-day mega event being held with the focal theme being 'Taking blue revolution to India's hinterland'.
He noted that during 2018-19, India exported 14,37,445 tonnes of seafood worth $6.8 billion. The United States is the major market followed by the European Union, Southeast Asia, China and Japan.
Describing aquaculture as the "best alternative for reinforcing the fish sector", the Vice President said there is immense scope for both horizontal and
The coastal shrimp aquaculture production has risen from 76,000 tonnes a decade ago to 6,83,472 to tonnes during 2018-19. he targeted production of shrimp from aquaculture is 11,00,000 tonnes by 2021-22. Source: DD News
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
NIAP price forecast for crops launch in two years will highlight India on global map India's plan to disseminate price
statistical model,â&#x20AC;? a government source said. The
forecast of crops four times in a year to
information related to crop prices and arrival quantities
help farmers plan sowing and selling to
is maintained on the agmarknet portal and data
earn better prices may be delayed by a
entered by the officials at mandi level on real-time
year or two as the government has
basis. Since, the Centre does not have direct control some errors have now come to light after the price
at mandis. The current exercise,
forecast project was taken up, sources said.
undertaken by the National Institute of
The government is also open to use of artificial
Agricultural Economics and Policy
intelligence (AI) for the price forecast and some of the
Research (NIAP), will make India the
top global IT companies have expressed their first country to officially undertake such willingness to partner with the project, officials said, an exercise globally. declining to name any company in particular. The â&#x20AC;&#x153;Some private agencies are doing on
committee on Doubling Farmers' Income (DFI), under
their own. But, when the government
Ashok Dalwai, has suggested adopting a 'demand-
will have to do, it needs credibility.
driven approach' for efficient monetisation of farm
Without data accuracy, it will be
produce and to synchronise the production activities in
difficult to predict prices based on a
agriculture and allied sectors.
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started re-checking price data of last 10 over the mandi staff, nor any mechanism to cross check, years with physical records maintained
21
INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
Trade deal to send more U.S. grain to Japan A new trade agreement between the United States and Japan announced on Aug. 25 in France calls for the Japanese to buy U.S. surplus corn.
United States and China engage in a trade war. The deal was well received by U.S. agricultural groups, including the U.S. Wheat Associates (USW).
“We are very happy that this agreement will end the growing competitive cost advantage that Canadian and Australian wheat imports got under the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) agreement,” said Doug Goyings, chairman of USW and a Japan Prime Minister Shinzo Abe added farmer from Paulding, Ohio. that while some work remains to be U.S. wheat farmers in partnership with the USDA's Foreign done on the final language of the deal, Agricultural Service have helped build a strong demand “we have successfully reached among Japan's flour millers for several classes of U.S. consensus with regard to the core wheat grown in the Pacific Northwest to the Northern and elements related to agricultural and Central Plains. industrial trade.” However, when the CPTPP was implemented Dec. 30,
U.S. President Donald Trump said the deal would likely be signed at the United Nations General Assembly meeting in September.
U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer said the deal focuses on agriculture, industrial tariffs and digital trade. Japan will buy up $7 billion of U.S. agricultural products, mostly corn, under the agreement, Reuters reported. Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe noted that most of the “potential” corn purchases would come through the private sector.
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Image Source: Reuters
The report is good news for American farmers, who have seen their agricultural exports take a hit as the
22
2018, without the United States, the effective tariffs on imported Canadian and Australian wheat started to decline. Locked out of the agreement, U.S. wheat imports would have become less and less cost competitive to the point that Japan's flour millers would have no other choice than to buy the lower cost wheat from the CPTPP member countries. The new agreement helps protect U.S. exports that represents about 50% of the sophisticated and demanding Japanese wheat market, with average annual sales of about 3 million tonnes that are currently worth about $700 million per year. Source: Sesoland
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
Image Source: Pet Food Processing
ADM funds Feed Technology Center to facilitate research in pet nutrition and animal agriculture
The new Feed Technology Center will provide researchers at the College of ACES with expanded capabilities and reach, including the ability to produce various sizes of test batches for studying both specialized and traditional animal diets. Construction officially began in June 2019, with an expected completion date in fall 2020. The entire project is projected to cost $20 million, and the University of Illinois and the College of ACES have committed $6 million already. ADM's gift will help alleviate some of the financial pressure on the university.
we will continue in our long tradition of leading innovative, industry-relevant research while training the next generation of experts in feed science and animal nutrition,” said Kim Kidwell, dean of the College of ACES. Rodney Johnson, head of the department of animal sciences at the University of Illinois, added, “The College of ACES values collaboration with industry partners. This investment from ADM extends the long-established partnership in animal nutrition innovation, professional preparation, and public engagement.” Collaboration with other industry partners, academic professionals and clients will be made easier with the new facility as well. “Innovation across the entire ag supply chain is key to helping the entire industry find new solutions to tackle the monumental challenge of feeding the world's growing population,” said Ryan Lane, president of ADM Animal Nutrition in North America. “ADM is fortunate to have a strong partnership with the College of ACES and access to their animal nutrition staff, student talent, and research capabilities as we work together to develop new products, services, and solutions. We are proud to help support the College of ACES and the animal nutrition industry on this exciting new project.”
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The Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) gifted $2.5 million to help fund a Feed Technology Center for the College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences (ACES) at the University of Illinois, which will facilitate research in pet nutrition and animal agriculture.
“Thanks to this investment from ADM,
23
INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
UK retail giant â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Tesco moves to source salmon fed on alternative feed ingredients UK retail giant Tesco announced it would
Speaking to Undercurrent in July after the opening of its
its new salmon standards.
commercial-sized feed plant in Blair, Nebraska, Kurmaly
For Veramaris CEO Karim Kurmaly, the
claimed the company could satisfy 15% of the salmon
decision signals a sea change in retailer
industry's total demand for the two fatty acids.
thinking, and he told Undercurrent News
Earlier this year, Norwegian salmon farmer Lingalaks went
at the AquaNor 2019 event that he hoped
public in its use of Veramaris' alternative algal oil within its
it would be the first of many such policies
salmon feed.
from global retailers.
in Slovakia and two in the US, is also in talks to sell algal
salmon is a vital category for them, and
feed to a land-based recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)
they've taken steps to ensure it continues
salmon farmer, Kurmaly said. In the increasingly competitive RAS market, Kurmaly hopes
"What we see now is that Tesco has
the use of algal oil feed will be taken by land-based farmers
created a momentum that other retailers
as a means to set their fish apart with consumers.
will find it difficult to ignore." Indeed, Veramaris, the Netherlands-based
"One particular RAS company not only wants to talk about production sustainability in terms of environmental impact,
joint venture of Royal DSM and Evonik
etc, but they also want to both enhance their nutritional
Industries, reportedly has similar
impact and reduce the amount of fish oil in their feed. So,
arrangements planned with two unnamed
we are collaborating with them," he told Undercurrent at
major retailers in the EU, as well as plans
the AquaNor show.
in the US and Japan -- although it should be noted that none of these algal oil sourcing policies would ask specifically for Veramaris feed. "The supply chain of salmon is not as simple as, say, the chicken industry. It's quite complicated. So, you need the farmer, the feed miller, the processor, the distributor, and the retailer to work in collaboration. That's basically what we're doing now, and we hope there will be
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The Dutch feed venture, which operates a small-scale plant
"I think Tesco have understood that
to be sustainable," Kurmaly said.
24
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a highly concentrated form.
be adopting algal-fed salmon as part of
more news coming out soon," Kurmaly said. Growing attention from the top of the industry Over the past year, Veramaris has industrially produced an omega-3 rich fish oil alternative derived from the algal strain Schizochytrium. The company's key selling point, which it claims distinguishes it from the competition, is that it is the only firm to offer algal oil containing both eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and
Although Veramaris' algal oil could potentially be used for all manner of farmed species, Kurmaly was clear that the firm's focus in the immediate future was on growing its client base within typical European farmed fish species. "We are working with marine fish because the marine fish is usually exported to Europe, where we already have a very good tie-in with retailers," the Veramaris CEO said. "So now we're trying to connect those retailers to those farmers to ensure that this new technology passes up that value chain." However, the world of shrimp remains a more challenging prospect for the venture, not least because, for the farmers of the Asia-Pacific region, a small price premium over traditional fish oils makes a huge difference to the bottom line. According to Kurmaly, the company is currently going through the process of clearing registration requirements in several Asian countries, after which it intends to enter and investigate the shrimp supply chain. "So, we will engage with the shrimp industry and look at what we can do -- but for the moment the primary focus is salmon, pet food and marine fish like sea bass and sea bream," he added.
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
Reports of the pest attacking crops have been reported from a number of districts in the state, India's third-largest maize producer Maize crops are falling prey to the deadly Fall Armyworm (FAW) in Bihar, India's third-largest corn producer.
Image Source: The Hindu
Fall armyworm reported in maize crop of Bihar
There are officials reports of FAW attacks on maize crops from the districts of Muzaffarpur, Vaishali, Begusarai, Bhagalpur, Saran and Sheohar, an official of the state agriculture department said. “But unconfirmed reports also suggest presence of FAW in other maizegrowing districts of north Bihar,” he added. FAW was first detected by entomologists C M Kalleshwara Swamy and Sharanabasappa in maize fields at the University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shimoga, in Karnataka last year. It is an invasive and polyphagous (feeding on many foods) pest. It can attack cereals and forage grasses.
damaging maize crops in some villages under the Bochaha and Minapur block. “I have directed agriculture officers in these blocks to collect information,” Verma said.
According to him, a team of experts including agriculture The deadly pest has since spread across scientists from Patna had visited Gaighat last week after many states in the country. the pest attack to study the worm and suggest measures Last year, FAW was detected at a few to tackle it. places in Bihar, but maize crops were “Soon after the presence of FAW was reported, we not infected. This year though, things informed the state agriculture director and issued an are different. advisory on how to manage the pest,” RN Singh, associate
“We have never faced anything like it in the past,” Narender Yadav, a marginal maize-growing farmer from Guaridih village in Muzaffarpur's Gaighat block, said. “This is something new and harmful. I don't know how to protect my crops,” Yadav, who lost his crop to FAW last week, said. “We have information that FAW has damaged maize crops on nearly 60 hectares (ha) so far in two panchayats of Gaighat,” Muzaffarpur District Agriculture Officer Krishna Kumar Verma, said.
director of Bihar Agriculture University at Sabour in Bhagalpur district, said. “We have already taken measures and advised farmers to use insecticides on their maize crops,” Adesh Titarmare, state agriculture director, said. However, there is no official confirmation of FAW presence in the Kosi-Seemanchal region of north-eastern Bihar, which accounts for nearly 65 per cent of its total maize production. The districts included in the region are Araria, Madhepura, Saharsa, Supaul, Purnea, Kishanganj and Katihar. According to official numbers, Bihar has a high maize productivity of 3,904 kg/ha, which is more than the national average of 2,889 kg/ha. Bihar has witnessed a visible growth in maize production in the past decade. The state produced 1.36 million tonnes of the crop in 2005-06. This increased to 3.85 million tonnes in 2016-17, as the high-yielding maize of Rabi season has been replacing winter wheat and paddy in the state.
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Thousands of maize-growing farmers in Muzaffarpur and neighbouring districts are worried about the latest attacks of FAW.
There were also reports of FAW
25
INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
CFIA approves Oreka Solutions' black soldier fly larvae as a protein ingredient in aquafeed In May 2019, Oreka Solutions got the green light from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) to sell its insect products as a protein ingredient
Image Source: Global Aquaculture Alliance
Canada approves insect-based feed companies
in feed for salmonids, trout, tilapia and poultry. It's the first company to get such CFIA approval in Ontario, and the second in Canada. “We made our mandate to harness the power of insects,” said Jon Duschinsky, CEO and co-founder. “Our initial focus for the first five years has been the black soldier fly.“ Founded in 2014, the “ag-tech” company based in Cambridge, Ontario creates feed ingredients from insects that have been shown to significantly reduce mortality and increase growth
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rates in livestock. Comprised of an
26
international team of entrepreneurs,
company is working with a team of globally renowned
scientists and engineers, Oreka breeds
scientists and researchers from across North America
and rears black soldier flies (BSF) using
who have expressed hope that Oreka's products could
proprietary methods to maximize their
help boost feed efficiency and animal health.
essential nutrients and healthy fats.
“We have invested five years of R&D to develop what
They then “capture this goodness” to
we believe are the only insect-based feed ingredients
make a natural feed product for fish
that can help farmers of all livestock improve the health
and livestock.
of their animals,” said Duschinsky. “What's been
“The kind of work that we're doing,
observed in the lab is that it helps support gut health of
which is focused on really harnessing
particularly young fish. Because 85 percent of the
the power of the insect rather than just
immune system lives in the gut, some of our customers
using it for its protein, has never been
have seen significant improvements in mortality and
done before,” said Duschinsky, adding
feed conversion ratio and increases in growth phase.”
that the black soldier fly has a “huge
“Insects are promising feedstuffs for animal feeds, as
slate of naturally occurring
they contain not only valuable nutrients but also
antimicrobial properties, which we are
particular compounds that seem to be able to modulate
doing a pretty good job of harnessing
animal microbiota and to optimize animal health,” said
and making available for livestock.”
Dr. Grant Vandenberg, professor at L'Université Laval in
Oreka began to scale up production in
Québec City, specializing in animal physiology and
early 2017 and following successful
aquaculture. “Aside from the sustainability angle, there
trials in Canada and the United States it
is a growing body of evidence that that addition of
raised $1.8 million in funding from
insects to fish diets increased immune response,
private and public sources to sell its
reduced oxidative stress and improved survival.”
feed ingredient products to the
Source: AquacultureAlliance
aquaculture and poultry markets. The
EVENT COVERAGE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
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CLFMA Symposium deliberates “Indian Livestock Farming: Prospects & Role of Government Policies” for the benefit of Livestock Industry
28
CLFMA of India concluded its annual
becoming a sunrise sector and all the stake holders
flagship event, 61st National Symposium
including the government have to work in close co-
in a grand manner on 22-23 August in
ordination and emphasised the fact that doubling farmers
New Delhi. The event focused on the
income can be achieved by focussing more on livestock
Theme “Indian Livestock Farming:
farming. He said that the Symposium is being organized to
Prospects & Role of Government Policies”.
build that partnership.
The Chief Guest of the Seminar was Shri
Addressing the occasion, Mr. S.V. Bhave, Chairman CLFMA
Giriraj Singh, Hon'ble Union Minister of
OF INDIA said that the Government has recognized the
Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying,
unexposed potential of Livestock Sector and created a
Government of India. Shri. Pawan
separate dedicated Ministry for Fisheries, Animal
Agarwal, CEO, Food Safety and Standards
Husbandry and Dairying and since livestock sector has its
Authority of India (FSSAI), Government of
own parent ministry now it will be an easy process for all
India, presented the keynote address and
the stakeholders to resolve the issues and problems.
Shri. Atul Chaturvedi, Secretary,
Shri Giriraj Singh said that the ministry is involved in
Department of Animal Husbandry and
making a model for the livestock sector, which will work on
Dairying, Government of India gave the
co-existence of all the species including the humans
Thematic Address.
involved in the food chain, Promote Scientific technologies
The Symposium started with a Special
and Integrated Farming Systems. He emphasized that QPM
Session on Aug 22, 2019 for welcoming
maize, moringa, Bajra and Cassia should be promoted as
Shri Giriraj Singh, the Honourable Minister
animal feed as the protein percentages is more in these
launched the book “Nutritional Guidelines
feeds and can be produced by Indian farmers. He also
for Animal Feeds by CLFMA”.
insisted in starting livelihood incubation centres for
The Inaugural Session started with the
livestock and adopt few practices that will benefit the
welcome address of Mr. Divya Kumar
farmer viz merino sheep which will be useful for dual
Gulati, Secretary, CLFMA OF INDIA who
purpose (meat and wool).
mentioned that the livestock sector is
Delivering the Thematic Address at the Symposium Shri. Atul Chaturvedi said that Apart from the Doubling Farmers'
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
and the sectoral allocations were 3 trillion to service sector, 1 trillion to manufacturing and one trillion to agriculture. Presently, Agriculture contributes to 270 to 280 billion and to take it to 1 trillion mark in near future, we need to focus on Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries. He said that breeding techniques, compound livestock feed or nutrition of fortified foods, Control of diseases especially FMD and Brucellosis play an important role to
(Retd.) Former Secretary, Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying (AH&D), Shri. Sagar Mehra, Joint Secretary, Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries & Panellist from the Industry side were, Mr. Daljit Singh, Chairman, Progressive Dairy Farmer's Association (PDFA), represented the Dairy Industry, Mr. Ravi Kumar Yelanki, Managing Director, Vaishaki Bio Resources & Vaishaki Bio Marine, represented the Fishery Industry & Mr. B. Soundararajan, Managing Director of Suguna Holdings Pvt. Ltd. and immediate past chairman of CLFMA, represented the Poultry Industry. The problems faced by the Fisheries, Dairy and Poultry Industry, existing Government Schemes were discussed in detail and recommendations were drawn in the session.
increase productivity of animals. He also
Mr. Narayanan, Advisor – Food and Beverage moderated
emphasized the fact of promoting
the next session titled as “Value Addition with Special Focus
processing, marketing and exports of
on Processing”. Session's Panellist from the Government of
value-added products. Shri Pawan Agarwal, CEO, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), Government of India delivered the Keynote Address. He emphasised the importance of Food Safety in the Country and FSSAI will be stringent about food safety concerns to ensure safe food availability in the country.
India were Shri. J. P. Meena, IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MOFPI), Dr. Amit Sharma, Director, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), Shri. Tarun Bajaj, General Manager at Ministry of Commerce (APEDA) & from the Industry side Mr. Vishwas Chitale, Executive Director, Chitale Agro Industries Pvt. Ltd. represented Dairy Industry, Mr. Ravi Kumar Yelanki, Managing Director, Vaishaki Bio Resources & Vaishaki Bio Marine represented Fishery Industry & Mr. Prashant Vatkar, CEO of Godrej Tyson Foods Ltd. represented Poultry
This was followed by the CLFMA Award
Industry. The Session deliberated the importance of Food
Ceremony. The Life Time Achievement
processing in doubling farmers income, addressing the
award was presented to Mr. P. S.
traceability issues, reduction of food wastage and Food
Nandakumar, MD, Nanda Feeds Pvt. Ltd.
safety Issues, promotion of Export Markets etc. were
CLFMA Awards were presented to Dr.
discussed.
Ashish Motiram Paturkar, Hon'ble Vice-
Next Session on Livestock Industry Interaction with
Chancellor, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery
Government of India was moderated by Mr. Bharat Tandon,
Sciences University, Nagpur, Dr Ashok
Past Chairman of CLFMA & Managing Director of
Kumar, ADG - ICAR and Dr. Raghavendra
Healthline Pvt. Ltd. (Sericare Divison). From the Government
Bhatta, Director, ICAR-National Institute of
of India, the Panellists were Shri. Dr. O.P. Chaudhary, Joint
Animal Nutrition and Physiology,
Secretary (NLM), Dept. of National Livestock Mission,
Bengaluru for their marvellous
Ministry of Fisheries, AH&D, Shri. G. N. Singh, Joint
contribution to the Indian Livestock
Secretary – Trade, Department of Fishery, AH&D & Shri.
Sector.
Keshav Chandra, Joint Secretary, Department of Commerce,
The vote of thanks was proposed by Mr.
Ministry of Commerce and Industry and from CLFMA Team
Neeraj Kumar Srivastava, Dy. Chairman,
Mr. S.V. Bhave, Chairman, Mr. Divya Kumar Gulati, Secretary,
CLFMA OF INDIA.
Mr. Naveen Pasuparthy, Treasurer and Mr. Suresh Deora,
The Second day Symposium started with the Welcome Address by Mr. Naveen Pasuparthy, Treasurer, CLFMA OF INDIA. Mr. Balram Singh Yadav, Managing Director of Godrej Agrovet Ltd moderated the session “Doubling Farmers' Income: Government and Industry Partnership”. Session's Panellists from the Government of India, were Shri. Tarun Shridhar, IAS
West Zone President. In this session, the Industry Pain Points were discussed with the Government. Valedictory Session was proposed by Shri. Tarun Shridhar, IAS(Retd.) Former Secretary, Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying (AH & D), Ministry of Fisheries, AH&D followed by Felicitation to all Sponsors, Media, Guests and Invitees. The vote of thanks was proposed by Mr. Suresh Deora, President – West Zone.
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Income the Hon'ble Prime Minister of India had the vision of 5 trillion economy
29
2019-2020
CALENDAR OF EVENTS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 11 | September 2019
SEPTEMBER
NOVEMBER
EuroTier China Qingdao Date: 19-21 September 2019 Venue: Qingdao International Expo Center, China Email: info@eurotierchina.com Web: www.eurotierchina.com
PFI – Annual General Body Meeting (AGM) Date: 20-21 September 2019 Venue: Hotel Le Meridien, Coimbatore, India Email: poultryfederation@gmail.com
Globoil India Date: 26-27 September 2019 Venue: Renaissance Mumbai Convention Centre Hotel, India Email: events@teflas.com
Poultry India Date: 27-29 November 2019 Venue: HITEX Exhibition Complex, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Email: info@poultryindia.co.in Web: www.poultryindia.co.in
DECEMBER International PDFA Dairy & Expo Date: 7-9 December 2019 Venue: Cattle Fair Ground , Jagraon , Distt Ludhiana, Punjab, India Email: info@pdfa.org.in Web: www.pdfa.org.in
FEBRUARY 2020
OCTOBER
Feed Tech Expo Date: 7-8 February 2020 Venue: GADVASU, Ludhiana, India Email: feedtechexpo@gmail.com Web: www.feedtechexpo.com
Dairy Industry Expo Date: 11-13 October 2019 Venue: ACEC, Pune Email: dairyindustryexpo@gmail.com Web: www.dairyindustryexpo.com
Global Outlook for Aquaculture Leadership (GOAL) Date: 21-24 October 2019 Venue: Leela Palace, Chennai Email: sally.krueger@aquaculturealliance.org Web: www.aquaculturealliance.org
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