Price: 75/-
Volume 5 | Issue 05 March-2019
EDITORIAL Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology Published by BENISON Media SCO 17, 2nd Floor, Mugal Canal Market Karnal - 132001 (Haryana) Tel: +91 184 4047817 info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
Publisher & Editor Prachi Arora prachi.a@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
Prebiotics: An alternative for antimicrobials
D
uring the last few decades, antibiotics are being used as traditional strategy for improving the gut health of poultry
and fish, in orderto keep the diseases off the gut and thereby, improvement the growth and feed conversion efficiency of these species. Considering the risk ofdevelopment and spread of antimicrobial resistance through the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, there has been heightened research
Managing Editor Dr. T.K. Walli Former Head, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI
interest in looking for alternative feed supplements, which could improve gut health, and thereby result in better growth and feed conversions, especially in poultry and fishes.One such effective and an alternative feed supplement happens to be Prebiotics, which have a great potential to improve the growth of desirable gut
Marketing & Designing Ashwani Verma info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
microorganisms,like bacteria and fungi, and therefore, result in better gut health in these animal species.Prebiotics are oligo saccharides e.g. Mono Oligisaccharides (MOS), as feed additives induces the growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms in the gut.The gut microflora of
Circulation & Subscription Head Ramesh Kumar info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
fishes can be considered as an “Extra Organ�, owing to its important role on growth, development, health, immunity and intestinal development (Dehler et al, 2017). The gut immune system is influenced by many factors, including
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dietary components and commensal bacteria. Nutrients that affect gut immunity and strategies that restore a healthy gut microbial community by affecting the microbial composition are being developed as new therapeutic approaches to treat several inflammatory diseases.
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
Probiotics (live microorganisms) and prebiotics (food components) have
Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale Former Chairman, CLFMA of India
animal studies. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind
shown promise as treatments for several diseases in both clinical and the direct and indirect effects on the gut immune response will facilitate Mr. Amit Sachdev Indian Representative, US Grain Council Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand US Soybean Export Council
better and possibly more efficient therapy for gut diseases. In fact, prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics have been shown through the most recently well-established scientific findingsthat these exert influence through direct and indirect mechanisms, by which these can have favourable effect on gut immunity. A unique relationship does exist
Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition, MAFSU, Parbhani
between the diet, the microbiota, and the gut immune system. Through recent genetic studies conducted at NIANP, Bangalore(Kolte, et al, 2018), it has been shown that prebiotics feed additive as Mono Oligo
Dr. SN Mohanty Former Principal Scientist, CIFA
saccharide, when given at 1 per cent of the diet to fresh water fishes, Lebofimbriatus, can stimulate and manipulate the gut immune response.
Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta Agricultural Economist Dr. Swamy Haladi Feed Additive Expert
In fact, farming of Lebofimbriatusis an emerging commercial activity and a recent phenomena in fresh water aquaculture sector in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan and Myanmar, whose production can be further enhanced through the use of Prebiotic MOS, offering the multiple benefits of providing an alternative to antimicrobials and
Dr. R Gnana Sekar Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting
resulting in better gut health, growth rate and feed conversion efficiency. Similar benefits could be accrued by using the Prebiotic MOS in poultry
Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu
feed industry as well.
TK Walli www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in www.benisonmedia.com
Monthly Magazine for Feed & Feed Technology
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
Vollume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015
Contents RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 05 Study on effect of herbal products and ginger powder on heat-stressed Layers
INDUSTRY NEWS 06 China February soybean imports fall to four-year low
16 Ellagitannins with SCFA for improved performance of poultry
12 High performance bugs breeding for animal feed 20 US soybeans exports to EU on a 30-year high
22 Organic acids in aquafeeds - A sustainable alternative to antibiotics
21 Project by South Asia Biotechnology Centre against Fall Armyworm
ARTICLE
INTERVIEW 14 Expansion plans of IB Group
26 Oilmeal exports remain flat in April-February period 27 Strategic partnership of Delacon and Cargill to cater to China market
EXPERT ADVICE 08 Strategies to improve feed efficiency
EVENT COVERAGE
28 9th edition of The Feeds & Nutrition Course By SFR EVENT CALENDAR - 30
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UPCOMING EVENTS
27-30 March 2019
12-14 June 2019
Printed by: Jaiswal Printing Press | Published by: Prachi Arora | On behalf of: BENISON Media | Printed at: Chaura Bazar, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Published at: SCO-17, 2nd Floor, Mugal Canal Market, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Editor: Prachi Arora Think Grain Think Feed is a monthly magazine published by BENISON Media at its office in Karnal. Editorial policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily those held by the editors. The data/information provided in the magazine is sourced through various sources and the publisher considers its sources reliable and verifies as much data as possible. However, the publisher accepts no liability for the material herein and consequently readers using this information do so at their own risk. Although persons and companies mentioned herein are believed to be reputable, neither BENISON Media, nor any of its employees or contributors accept any responsibility whatsoever for such persons’ and companies’ activities. All legal matters are subjected to Karnal Jurisdiction. Disclaimer : The published material and images are sourced from various websites and newspapers, and used for information purpose only, if you have any issue, please inform us at info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in. BENISON Media or Think Grain Think Feed is not liable for any claim prior to written information.
R&D
Study on effect of herbal products and ginger powder on heat-stressed Layers Research states ginger powder and
Two hundred and fifty Lohmann layers were randomly
CHM could be a viable alternative to
divided into 5 different, including two controls and three
the synthetic antibiotic in poultry feed.
experimental groups (H1, H2, and H3). Control groups
Highlights:
were fed the basic diet without supplementation, while,
Heat stress is considered as one of the most vital stressors in poultry sector.
!
Heat stress decreases the feed intake, egg production rate, egg mass, and antioxidant activity of layer hens.
!
Ginger powder and Chinese herbal medicine supplementation improved the production performance, serum metabolites and antioxidant activity of layer hens.
the feed of three experimental groups was supplemented with 3.32?g CHM, 10?g ginger powder, and 10?g ginger powder+?3.32?g CHM per kg of diet, respectively. Results showed that feed consumption and production rate were decreased in the HC group, while, feed intake and production significantly improved when birds were given supplemented diet. The production rate and feed intake of the H3 group were even significantly higher than the NC group. The birds that received supplemented diet had higher glucose level compared to HC. Triglycerides and serum cholesterol had significantly decreased level in supplemented groups compared to HC. Fungal catalase (CAT) level was significantly improved in H2 and H3 groups. Nitric oxide (NO), glutathioneperoxidase (GSH-PX)
This study was done to evaluate the
and Total Protein (T-AOC) level were significantly
effects of Chinese herbal medicine
improved in supplemented groups.
(CHM) and ginger powder on layersproduction performance, serum metabolites and antioxidant status under heat stress condition.
Findings showed that ginger powder and CHM could be a viable alternative to the synthetic antibiotic in poultry feed.
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!
05
INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
China February soybean imports fall to four-year low China's soybean imports in February
Washington made major progress in trade talks, aimed
fell to their lowest monthly level in four
at ending a lengthy trade dispute.
years, as buying slowed amid
The February figures were also 40 percent down from
uncertainties over trade relations with
7.38 million tons in January, the data showed, as
the United States and flat demand for
crushers slowed production during the Lunar New Year
soymeal, customs data showed.
holiday. Soybean imports usually ease in the month of
The world's top buyer of soybeans
the week-long festival, which fell in early February this
brought in 4.46 million tons of the
year, as businesses close.
oilseed in February, according to data
For the first two months of 2019, imports fell to 11.83
from the General Administration of
million tons, down 15 percent from the same time a
Customs. That was down 17 percent
year ago.
from the same month a year earlier as a hefty tariff on soybeans from the United States, China's second-largest supplier, weighed. “The low figures were still mainly because of tariffs on U.S. soybeans,” said Tian Hao, senior analyst with First Futures. “Importers did not buy lots of Brazilian beans recently either, as they were waiting to buy U.S. soybeans, amid optimism of a final Sino-U.S. trade deal,” Tian said. “What is more, there
Shipments this year have dropped as a highly contagious African swine fever outbreak has ravaged the world's largest pig herd, curbing demand for soybeans for use in animal feed. China has reported 111 outbreaks of the disease in 28 of its provinces and regions since August 2018. China typically imports the majority of its oilseeds from the United States in the fourth quarter and early in the new year after the U.S. harvest comes to market. However, buyers have avoided U.S. cargoes because of tariffs imposed on soybeans amid the ongoing trade tensions.
were no commercial benefits to bring in The two countries agreed a trade truce on Dec. 1, and Chinese firms have so far bought about 10 million tons Brazilian soybeans as demand was flat due to African swine fever outbreaks.” Chinese buyers had been scooping up on Brazilian beans but such purchases
06
Image Source: foodbusinessafrica
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have slowed recently as Beijing and
of U.S. soybeans for delivery in the first months of 2019, although a 25 percent tariff on U.S. shipments remains in place. Source: hellenicshippingnews
EXPERT ADVICE Image Source: Domy Innovations CafĂŠ
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
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Strategies to improve feed efficiency
08
This is a continuation of Feed
explained with the example of the corn scenario,
Conference coverage and is covering
which is such that just three countries are producing
next two presentations delivered by
more than 65% of the global corn production and
eminent speakers – Dr. Pradeep
Soybean meal (SBM) is even worse as ~83% of the
Krishnan of Evonik SEA and Dr. Chin
global SBM is produced by three countries.
How Cheong, a well-renowned poultry
In support to the above he highlighted, the global
expert in the Asian market.
animal protein production scenario is such that more
Getting the best value from feed
than 40% is contributed by South-East Asia most of
ingredients
which is China (illustrated in Image 1). In a nutshell,
In the high feed cost environment, it
animal protein production is mostly in Asia, whereas
becomes more relevant for poultry
the crops are mostly coming from the West.
nutritionists to get the most nutritive
Though the cost is the biggest factor for changes in
and economic value out of the feed
the feed ingredients it cannot be given more
ingredients in use. However, knowing
importance than the performance. Dr. Krishnan
how to do this means getting to know
outlined the real cost saving is not about changing
a lot more about the ingredients
the feed ingredients when prices are on a higher side.
being used in diet formulations,
If corn prices go up and 3% of corn get replaced with
including corn, soy and indeed all raw
DDGS, the formulation change can bring a huge
materials. Dr. Pradeep Krishnan from
saving of up to INR 300-400 per tonne of feed on
Evonik SEA shared up-to-date
papers, but real cost saving would be understanding
information to ensure that the feed
the impact of ingredient change on overall feed
manufacturer gets such value from
quality aspects like pellet quality and performance.
Soybean Meal (SBM).
SBM is the primary protein source used in animal
Ironically most of the population is
production, Dr. Krishnan detailed how different origins
residing in East while all the
and process variation may impact its quality and feed
ingredients making up the feed are
economics.
coming from the West. Dr. Krishnan
He explained even with SBM of the constant protein
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
content of 45-47 percent, there can be Dr. Krishnan shared the most commonly used a quite significant difference in the ash analytical techniques to measure SBM quality that content, fibre and fat value of various
included Urease activity (UA), Trypsin Inhibitor activity
origins and the energy difference can
(TIA), KOH solubility, Protein Dispersibility index (PDI)
be as high as 60 KCal. Dr. Krishnan
and reactive lysine. He stated that each of these
further elaborated its cost implications methods has limitations in terms of determining under using a linear programming model
or over-processed SBM and individual parameters like
which showed a difference of INR 420
KOH solubility, TIA etc. and individual technique gives
per MT between SBM from Brazil
a diverse interpretation of the quality of SBM.
origin to that of Indian origin
Though reactive lysine can be a methodology that can
(illustrated in Image 2 on page 10).
help to understand the availability of unblocked lysine
Dr. Krishnan showed a study of 95000
but direct analysis of the anti-nutritional factors and
samples of SBM from all major
reactive lysine are labor intensive, expensive and time-
producing countries, and only 42
consuming in routine operations. Hence, soybean
percent of the samples were falling in
processors and the end users of SBM in the animal
the specific protein level of 45-47
feed industry need reliable, rapid and cost-efficient
percent (shown in Image-3 on page
methods to control the quality of protein meal.
10).
Dr. Pradeep introduced a newly established quality
Impact of Heat Treatment
parameter - processing condition indicator (PCI) that
There are antinutritional factors like
integrates the various factors of under, adequate and
trypsin inhibitors, lectins, saponins,
over processing as one numerical index taking into
and Îą-galactocides etc. in the raw
consideration various anti-nutritional factors as well as
soybean. Out of which trypsin
heat damage effects on amino acid contents and
inhibitors and lectins can be
protein solubility.
deactivated by applying sufficient heat The PCI value of SBM from various different origins is treatment and hence the nutritional
shown in Image-4. Dr. Krishnan shared the PCI value
efficiency can be improved. Dr.
for Indian Soybean Meal (SBM) was 10.83 which was
Krishnan said, it is necessary for
more tendered towards over processing while in order
ingredient quality control programs to
to have a better digestibility of lysine and other amino
understand the appropriate assays to
acids the ideal PDI value should be 12-13.
determine if their cost-intensive
A deeper understanding of soy products and a precise
protein meal has been subjected to
evaluation of their quality using NIR technology allows
under or over-processing.
a more accurate feed formulation and thus a more
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Asia drives the global protein production
09
EXPERT ADVICE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
SBM by origin
Ingredients for IN / IPMT Name
Solution Price Amount
Corn
Name
Solution Amount
Price
583.4608 19,000.00
Corn
578.9525
19,000.00
335.1028 32,000.00
23,911.3400
Soybean Meal IN 2018
334.1211
32,000.00
22,631.6200
Soybean Oil Dicalcium
37.5025
69,500.00
36,410.2000
Soybean Oil Dicalcium
41.9673
69,500.00
36,073.8200
Phosphate 16
20.4835
36,500.00
Phosphate 16
20.5143
36,500.00
Limestone 32
10.3483
3,500.00
Limestone 32
10.3434
3,500.00
Met AMINO
2.8252
225,000.00
Met AMINO
3.0824
225,000.00
Salt (NacI)
2.4928
7,700.00
Salt (NacI)
2.3956
7,700.00
Sodium Bicarbonate
1.8062
30,000.00
268.12730
Sodium Bicarbonate
1.9467
30,000.00
171.7770
L-Lys-HCI
1.3925
120,000.00
7,252.4630
L-Lys-HCI
1.7076
120,000.00
7,043.5310
Choline Cloride 60%
10000
92,000.00
Choline Cloride 10000 1.0000 1.0000 60%
92,000.00
1.0000 1.0000
Trace Mineral
10000
80,000.00
1.0000 1.0000 Trace Mineral
10000
80,000.00
1.0000 1.0000
Toxin Binder
10000
70,000.00
1.0000 1.0000 Toxin Binder
10000
70,000.00
1.0000 1.0000
Thre AMINO
0.6154
115,000.00
Thre AMINO
0.7862
115,000.00
Vitamin Premix
0.5000
378,000
0.5000
378,000.00
Val AMINO (L-Valine)
0.2700
500,000.00
0.4831
500,000.00
Coccidiostat
0.2000
150,000.00
0.2000
150,000.00
Soybean Meal BR 2018
Low Cost
31,279.1700
16,324.3400
0.5000 0.5000 Vitamin Premix
0.2000 0.2000 Coccidiostat
Max.
Min.
31,150.9400
16,131.0000 0.5000 0.5000 30,851.3000 0.2000 0.2000
32,000.00
31,785.8100
Soybean Meal, BR 2018
32,000.00
32,000.0000 N/A
N/A
Soybean Meal, IN 2018
32,000.00
30,744.0400
Soybean Meal, AR 2018
32,000.00
32,000.0000 N/A
N/A
Soybean Meal, US 2018
32,000.00
31,936.3400
Soybean Meal, US 2018
32,000.00
32,000.0000 N/A
N/A
2 Broiler
Feasible 1.0000
26742.2800
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Val AMINO (L-Valine)
142,300.6000
Low Cost
Soybean Meal, AR 2018
1000.00
10
Max. Min.
SBM by origin
Ingredients for IN / IPMT
26742.2800
1000.00
2 Broiler
5,990.7710 24550.9000
Feasible 1.0000
27161.9300
27161.9300
5,990.7710 24550.9000
consistent livestock performance over
Potential of microflora for increasing efficiency in
time.
Poultry
In the concluding remarks, Dr.
With all the attention today on antibiotics and the
Krishnan introduced the acronym
serious issue of antibiotic resistance, Dr. Chin How
CARB i.e. Consistent animal
Cheong highlighted his concerns revolving around
performance can be ensured by a
antibiotics & the impact of AGP withdrawal. He
balanced combination of Accurate
illustrated with some examples as to how a few
feed formulation, Reduction in a safety mainstream antibiotics used in poultry can intervene margin and Better purchasing
in the activity of antibiotic treatments in humans, by
decision.
creating resistance in the hosts. He further gave
The session chairman, G
details of complications on IN-feed AGP Withdrawal
Chandrashekhar said in his concluding
(which includes enteric problems like Dysbacteriosis,
remarks the feed manufacturer can
Necrotic enteritis, Coccidiosis/Coccidiasis,
gain and deliver value to farmers only
Histomoniasis, and other bacterial infections e.g.
if the ingredient supplier is able to
colibacillosis, Salmonellosis). Through the graph 1, he
deliver good quality feed ingredients
demonstrated the use of additives to replace AGPs.
as feed is only as good as its
This could help the attendees to understand what
ingredients.
their future endeavours could be, whilst at alternatives.
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
On comparing Human and Chicken
Clostridiaceae and Proteobacteria. Presence of specific
gut flora, Dr. Chin said while in
beneficial bacterial species and/or absence of specific
Humans there are around 1000
detrimental bacteria species may contribute to
bacterial species identified with 20-
improved performance of chickens.
1500g of biomass, it's the resulting
Dr. Chin explained the Dynamics of Chicken Gut
metabolic capacity that leads to
Microbiota highlighting the following aspects:
digestion. On the other hand, in
1. GI tract in the newly hatched chick is usually
chicken, at least 640 species have
sterile, by day 3 to day 7, each bird develops its
been identified. Their respective
own Unique Microbial Profile & the community
counts in the different sections of the GIT, viz. Gizzard, Small intestine, Cecum are: 103 – 105cfu/g digesta,
becomes more complex as chickens ages. 2.
the remaining of the gut.
108 – 109cfu/g digesta and 1010 – 1012cfu/g digesta respectively. Lactobacilli dominate the microflora of the crops and ileum whereas the Ceca
Crop Microflora provides bacterial inoculum for
3.
Gut Microflora exerts a significant influence on the host's immune function starting at birth & throughout life.
is dominated mostly by anaerobes
He also explained the link between Gut Microbiota
consists of Lachnospiraceace,
and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) along with a comparison of Faecal Community of high and low
70
50 40 30 20 10 0 Organic acids
Phytogenics/ essential oils
Enzymes
Probiotics
Prebiotics
Other
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Response percent (%)
60
11
EXPERT ADVICE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
Low efficient chickens
High efficient chickens
7
18
12
52 79
Proteobacteria (%)
28
Bacteroidetes (%)
Firmicutes (%)
Homeostasis 3.
Causes of Intestinal Dysbiosis
4.
Pthogens and Mycotoxins effecting the Gut Microbiota and finally
5.
Animal Feed Additive replacing Antibiotics
After discussing examples of Poultry Probiotics and features of Ideal Probiotics were detailed. With image 6,it was detailed as to how the host, Diet, Microbiota, Environment are in a continuous relationship leading to Balanced Gut Microbiota.
efficient Broiler Chickens (illustrated in
In order to understand Gut Integrity & Host Defence, Dr. Cheong explained the importance of
Image 5)
1.
Functional diversity of Gut Microbiota
Dr. Cheong presented the linkage of
2.
Indicators of Gut health problems
Cecal microbiota with performance (i.e 3. High performance linked to the high proportion of butyrate-producing Lachnospiraceae & Impairedperformance linked to lower % G+C organisms (often lactobacilli)).He emphasized the function of Gut Microbiota and the basic mechanism of carbohydrate fermentation.Based on the above detailed evidentiary illustration he concluded "Balanced Microflora + Healthy Gut =Improved Performance". A brief interrelationship was discussed between the Lactate Utilizers & Lactate Producers and how Lactate Accumulation can be deleterious.This was followed by a brief on 1.
Microbial Relationships between Bird Environment & Bird Health
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2.
12
Balanced Microflora & Gut
Complexity of assessing performance with gut microbiota.
In light of dealing with point 3, Dr. Cheong stressed that Researching gut Microbiome shall be of high importance with impetus on multidisciplinary approaches on microbiota-host interactions to understand & improve animal performance. He further emphasised that the next frontiers will offer a higher resolution with relative consistency, providing deeper knowledge about genetic potential & metabolic capacities of the whole environments. The information generated could be used to monitor strategies to improve feed efficiency & feed formulation for optimal gut health and animal performance. The session chairman, Prof. G Devegowda in his concluding remarks emphasised that it is high time that the poultry farmers must avoid the use of Antibiotics on chicks and use these only when there is an infection, but never on a regular basis, as growth promoters. This is indeed, a global challenge which has implications on human health as well as sustainable Environment.
Diet Nutrient (Substrate) Viscosity Feed Additives Toxin Exposure Host Species Age Gender Immune Status Disease Challenge
Continuous “Cross-Talk� with Host Mucosa
Environment Climatic Condition Housing Management Stress
Microbiota Composition Quantity Autochthonus/Allochthonus
INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
High performance bugs breeding for animal feed After centuries of selective breeding of
waste streams to rear insects such as the black soldier
animals and plants to maximize yields
fly which they can then feed to fish, chickens and pigs.”
in agriculture, bugs are getting the
“We're looking at it from the genetic side. How do we
same treatment, as demand for insect
make the best fly and the best bug possible for use in
protein grows.
these farms?” founder and managing director of Beta
British start-up Beta Bugs is breeding
Bugs, Thomas Farrugia said.
high performance strains of black
The company breeds certain strains of fly, resulting in soldier fly for the insect feed sector, and highly optimized insects. The feed is made from fly is selecting traits like growth rate, maggots. protein content, fat composition and even temperature tolerance according to clients' needs. Most animal feed is made from soy which is blamed by some for deforestation as farmers try to meet
“You can cram decades worth of genetic progress that has been made in every other animal into a few years for insects,” said Farrugia. Beta Bugs says it wants to stimulate the growth of a new and environmentally beneficial industry by bringing real benefits directly to farms.
increasing global demand for the crop. This has led to the search for more sustainable sources of protein. “There are insect farms around Europe, around the UK, even elsewhere in the
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world which are using food waste and
13
INTERVIEW
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
Expansion plans of IB Group Bahadur Ali Managing Director, IB Group
Please share a brief on your journey started 35 years ago with a Poultry farm to today being an acknowledged conglomerate? How the industry has changed since then? It started relatively small but the vision of making chicken affordable to the consumers kept our passion growing. During the growing phase it was realized that in Central India, there was a huge gap in the supply of broiler chickens against the growing demand. After stepping in Nagpur, we realized the scope of it when the entire stock of 300 chickens was sold out on the very first day of opening.
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We invested more inland, chickens and chicken feed whereas outsourced transportation. By 1996 the production capacity had reached to 40000 chickens per month and turnover had increased to 5 crores. Later in November 1996, I happened to visit the World Poultry Congress at Pragati Maidan in New Delhi. I was deeply motivated by a foreign consultant who recommended a costeffective road map to do business. We invested in the best available technology and manpower. By 1997 the production was doubled & the concept of Environmentally Controlled (EC) Houses was also introduced.
14
Over the years, we conceived the importance of quality feed for birds for better growth and performance, best FCR and higher profitability of farmers. Hence soon decided to produce own feed and entered into the feed business, which was another turning point. A 250-ton refinery was set up. By 2005 the business expanded by 25-30% year on year, taking its revenue to 200 crores. In 2008, the concept of extruded fish feed was introduced by the group and ABIS Fish Feed was launched. By 2013, the turnover crossed 2200 crore, with more than 50 lakh birds produced in farms spread over 30 sq. km. Today we have diversified the line of business to the production of poultry, fish feed, shrimp feed, dairy products, specialized pet food, edible oils, and hospitality. Presently, IB Group is producing 1.5 M MT of feed i.e. ~4% of India's total feed production. What are the expansion plans of the group for the Indian and export market?
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
more than 1.5 MT per hectare, which is way below the crop yield in the US, Brazil, and Argentina, the major exporting countries globally due to their modern farming practices. My suggestion to the government is to invest in our country's seed R&D infrastructure and run farmerbased programmes through FPOs and seed companies to support and encourage soya farming to utilize their agriculture lands for a better profitable crop. As soya is the best protein source for the livestock industry and the growing demand of animal protein requirement would need better crop yields to meet the future demands. Agriculture is one of the least digitized major industries. How do you see digitization impacting the poultry and livestock industry? What are the plans of the group in adopting this trend?
Feed ingredients are the most unpredictable input cost for animal feed and since the last decade, the Indian soybean yield is almost stagnant while the demand is constantly growing. What according to you can be the way forward for sustainable feed industry? At present soybean is accounting for over 45-50% of the area under Kharif crop. However, the area is limited to central India - Vidarbha (Maharashtra), Madhya Pradesh, parts of Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, and Rajasthan. The non-GM seed and old farming practices in the country does not produce a yield of
You have introduced PARIVATAN initiative, please share a brief on the same. We have launched a campaign called 'Parivartan' for the socio-economic development of its farmers, with a goal to double poultry farmer's income under this initiative. To realize this goal, we are providing the latest global technology to the farmers. Even the poultry farmers of small and financially weaker neighboring countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka are using modern poultry technology. But in the past 25 years, I have not seen any large poultry company in India that has contributed and upgraded the small poultry farmers and hence increased the income of such farmers of the country. It is my dream that Indian poultry farmers should match the standards of poultry farmers of Europe and America. Therefore, the Parivartan initiative with our Integration farmers provides a 40 percent subsidy on the upgradation cost. The subsidy of INR 15 crores is already given to poultry farmers. This move of IB group has brought positive changes in the lives of thousands of poultry farmers in 26 states. The farmers have also experienced the change and its positive impact on their life. Hence, more farmers are coming forward and joining hands with IB Group.
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Today IB Group is present in all 28 states whereas our feed business is spread across 26 states. Besides we are soon to launch new state-of-the-art feed plants in Punjab, Bihar, and Karnataka to meet the increasing demand for quality feed. These areas have good potential for giving opportunities to generate employment and harness the positive talent of the youth in these states. I firmly believe that the feed industry is a major pillar for taking poultry (protein) business forward. The business expansion will not only give the youth of the states an opportunity to learn the latest global technology but also develop an ancillary business around our core business.
IB Group has been setting the benchmarks for adopting technology and digitalization at every stage in vertically integrated poultry business. As per my understanding without the use of technology, we will be left far behind so we started using technology in the business from a very early point and proud to have one of the leading technologically advanced feed plants of Asia. With the use of technology in the state-of-the-art hatcheries and farms, R&D centres and dedicated field force we keep an edge in our business. I really admire the young generation being motivated by the use of technology and the previous generation continuously learning and adopting digitalization and technology in their day-to-day work. We are also trying to embark our experience and learnings to the associated farmers.
15
ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
Ellagitannins with SCFA for improved performance of poultry Mojca Osredkar Mergole1 and Jayaraman K2, Tanin Sevnica, Catalyst
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
The use of antibiotics as growth
16
with gut microbiome because it plays such an
promoters is predominant in the
important role in feed digestion and absorption. This
poultry industry until the concern
interactions of intestinal microbiome with poultry host
about the development of antibiotic
and diet are essential for good bird performance and
resistance was raised. Withdrawal of
economically viable poultry production. The different
AGP from animal diet leaves the
dietary components that escape host digestion and
livestock and poultry farmers with
absorption serve as the substrates for the growth of
enormous pressure, as one of the
intestinal bacteria so the diet is the one having the
main consequences being a significant greatest potential impact on the intestinal increase in the occurrence of
microbiome. Lately, more and more research work
infectious diseases (Inborr; Casewell et evaluates the beneficial influence of feed additives in al.,).
poultry diet to modulate intestinal microbiome and
Today in addition to genetics and
reduce the number of pathogens in the intestine. By
management most attention is
some means, different plant origin compounds like
focused on gut health in connection
plant polyphenols as additives attract more interest
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
than other alternatives (Sobczak and
gastrointestinal tract of birds, maintaining intestinal
Kozlowski; Deng Pan & Zhongtang Yu;
pH, improving the solubility of feed ingredients and
Govinthasamy Prabakar et all.)
absorption of nutrients (Adams; Soltan; Adil et al).
Plant polyphenols
With the improvement of the epithelial integrity
Tannins are water-soluble
(direct trophic effects) and defense systems, SCFA can
polyphenolic compounds that have
act directly or indirectly on tissue development and
different specific physical and
repair of the gut (Guilloteau et al).
chemical properties in different plant
Synergistic effect of the combination of
species (Muller-Harvey). It has long
ellagitannins and SFCA
been known they exhibit numerous
SFCA butyrate and urolithin A, produced by
biological activities due to their
lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium from ellagitannins,
relative affinities to interact with
have been shown to enhance microbial diversity and
different proteins preferentially to
promote the abundance of bacteria generating this
proline-rich proteins. Ellagitannins
compounds by acting synergistically at the level of
belong to the hydrolyzable tannin
the mitochondrion (Franco-ObregĂłn & Gilbert).
class of polyphenols characterized by
Performance trial in broilers
one or more hexahydroxydiphenoyl
The present study investigated the effect of a
(HHDP) moieties esterified to a sugar,
combination of ellagitannins with SCFA on
usually glucose. Hydrolysis of
performance and litter characteristics of broilers, in
ellagitannins by treatment with hot
comparison with an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP),
water, acids, bases or with tannases
bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMDÂŽ). Four
yields hexahydroxydiphenic acid
hundred and eighty 1-day- old Cobb 400 broiler
(HHDP), further ester bonds are
chicks were procured from a commercial hatchery. The
hydrolyzed and the HHDP group
trial was conducted for a period of 42 days in 5 x 5 ft
spontaneously rearranges into ellagic
pens on a deep litter floor (rice husk) using a
acid. The presence of
completely randomized design. The experimental
hexahydroxydiphenoyl and
design included 3 treatment groups: A basic (corn
nonahydroxyterphenoyl moieties are
soya-based mash) diet with BMD (positive control) at
considered to render antimicrobial
330 g/ton of feed, basic diet without AGP (negative
property of ellagitannins against
control), and basic diet ET+SCFA (ellagitannin and
bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
butyrate) at 500, 250 and 150 g/ton of feed at pre-
Antibacterial activity has been most
starter, starter and finisher phases respectively. Each
widely described in the literature
group was replicated 8 times with 20 birds per
(Adamczyk et al; J.M.Landete.; Deaville
replicate. The trial was conducted under the standard
et al; Ekambaram et al)
operating procedure of the test facility to ensure
Jamroz et al. reported that application
proper animal care and handling. The birds were
of ellagitannins from Sweet Chestnut
analyzed for body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR),
to the feed mixtures beneficially and
footpad lesion (FPD) and litter moister.
statistically significantly affected the dry matter content in the litter in 2.200
number of E. coli and coliform bacteria
2.100
in the small intestine of 28-d-old chickens. Short Chain Fatty Acids The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have an important role in preserving the structural and functional integrity of the gut by limiting the growth of undesirable microorganisms in the
Body Weight kg
of tannins significantly reduced the
W/o AGP (Control) 1.65
2.098
2.113
1.66 1.65
2.04
2.000
1.64
1.900
1.63
1.800
ET+SCFA, 1.62
BMD, 1.62
1.62
1.700
1.61
1.600
1.60
1.500
1.59
BMD
W/o AGP (control)
ET+SCFA
Avg final weight per bird (kg)
FCR
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Body Weight Vs FCR
comparison to control. Higher doses
17
ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
Results
ET+SCFA not only improved the body weight of birds,
From day 14 to 28, ET+SCFA group
but also reduced the foot pad lesions by influencing
showed similar improvement in body
the litter characteristics. Moreover, the improvement
weight as BMD速 group compared
was comparable with the antibiotic growth promoter,
with the negative control group. Birds
BMD速. This result indicates that ET+SCFA can act as a
supplemented with ET+SCFA showed
replacement for AGP in enhancing the performance of
3.4% (P < 0.05) more body weight
broilers.
than negative control at day 42. On
Performance trials in layers
day 42, reduction in FCR with ET+SCFA The trial was conducted at the Test station of layers is similar to BMD速 and also, better MTD in the Czech Republic to evaluate the impact of than the negative control. Footpad
the combination of ellagitannins with SCFA on the
lesions were evaluated on day 42 of
performance of layers. Hens were kept in
the trial. The group with no AGP
environmentally controlled houses in 2 groups, each
(negative control), showed a lesion
group had 180 hens. Performance trial lasted from
score of 3. Birds supplemented with ET+SCFA had significantly lesser lesion Figure 1. : Laying rate from 30th till the 40th week 97.0 score compared to BMD速 and 96.0 negative control (P < 0.05), suggesting 95.0 that it had an impact on the litter 94.0 characteristics. At the end of the trial, 93.0 it was observed that the inclusion of 92.0 ET+SCFA has reduced the litter 91.0 90.0 moisture by 18.8% compared with the 89.0 negative control. 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 It is stated that broilers reared on wet Control ET+SCFA litter developed FPD from an early Figure 2. : Egg weight (g) cum. age, and it progressed severely; when 66.3 these broilers were moved to dry litter, the disease progression was
66.2
suppressed or delayed depending on
66.1
the age of transfer. Being an important indicator of animal welfare, FPD can lead to a significant economic loss for
66 65.9 Control
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producers, because paws with FPD are
18
ET+SCFA
not suitable for human consumption.
30th till the 40th week of age. Compared to the
Reduction of ammonia level inside
control, the addition of ellagitannins with SCFA
poultry houses is an important part of
improved performance of layers with higher laying
management to increase birds' live
rate (Figure 1.) and better quality of layed eggs
performance. When there is more
(Figure 2).
moisture in the litter, the potential for ammonia emission from that litter is high. Ferguson et al., 1998 confirmed the relationship between higher litter moisture and increased litter ammonia. Besides the effect on litter moisture, administration of ellagitannins is reported to increase the dry matter content of excreta in Ross 308 chicks (Rezar V and Salobir J, 2014). In conclusion, supplementation with
Another performance test of ET+SCFA was conducted at a layer farm in Croatia with 180000 layers. The trial was performed in 2 layer houses (control and test house) with enriched cages with an aim to evaluate the effect of ET+SCFA on production parameters and health of layers. The trial lasted for 62 weeks, from 18th week until 80th week of age of layers. The measured parameters were: FCR, mortality, laying rate, number and quality of eggs. The quality of litter and microclimatic conditions was better in the house 2 (ET+SCFA) compared to house 1 (control) which reflected in improved production of
ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
Table 1: Performance parameters FCR Control ET+SCFA
litter, less dirty eggs and better health of hens withoth
No. of eggs Egg mass Feed per egg cum. % dirty eggs (18.-80. week) (g/day)
2,32 2,11
336 348
63,8 64,6
145,8 128,2
2,45 1,14
antibiotics. Field experience in India ET+SCFA combination was tested in 3 layer houses with 2000 layers in different stages in Gorakhpur, Uttar
Figure 3.: Mortality 120.00
Pradesh, India. Improved performance results for all groups included: solved problem with wet litter, fewer
115.00
flies, improved egg weight from 53 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 55g to 55 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 58g,
110.00
improved laying rate for 1 %, less heat stress,
105.00
improved weight and health status of the animals. After usage of ET+SCFA in a 20,000 capacity layer farm
100.00
in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh for a period of six months,
95.00
the incidences of dirty and rough shell eggs is reduced
90.00 Control
ET+SCFA
eggs, better feed conversion, less mortality, less dirty eggs and lower feed consumption per egg.
of spots during the pre-lay period and over all birds performance Conclusions
Since the start of use ET+SCFA in layer
Synergistic effect of ellagitannins and butyric acid
feed, the farm improved: laying rate
brings proven benefits to poultry industry in a new
for 6%, better eggshell quality - less
dynamic way together with ever more desired
broken eggs for 2-3%, uniformity of
potential for improved performance and cost
eggs for 10%, egg weight for 2g, drier
reduction in a natural way.
INDUSTRY NEWS
US soybeans exports to EU on a 30-year high
Image Source: AP News
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in 20
significantly due to dry litter. The farm performance improved in terms of improved grading of eggs, issues
The US is expected to export 10 million
Department of Agriculture.
mt of soybeans to the EU in the year
The volume is seen to be a 30-year high mainly due to
ending April 2019, according to recent
higher prices of Brazilian soybeans and tight supply in
data released by the United States
Argentina due to drought, the data released by Foreign Agricultural Service, a division of the USDA, showed. Brazilian soybean prices have gone up after its exports to China surged following the US-China trade war as China has imposed a 25% tariff on the US soybeans, the USDA report said. As of end-February, soybean exports from the US to the EU totaled more than 9 million mt, approximately 100% higher year on year, the report said. US soybeans exports to the EU could face challenges in the form of lower port premiums in Brazil and normal soybeans production forecast in Argentina. But "as long as China's duties boost Brazil's competitiveness, EU demand for US soybeans should remain elevated with annual US exports significantly above the 3.3 million mt average observed over the previous 10-year period," the report added. Source: spglobal
INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
Project by South Asia Biotechnology Centre against Fall Armyworm Fall Armyworm is a highly destructive
a suite of techniques, good agricultural practices and
pest and is known globally to have
control measures along with educational material for
caused a serious challenge to farmers
various stakeholders to enhance farmers' preparedness
across continents and across crops. Fall
to tackle the menace of fall armyworm.
Armyworm (FAW)
In this context, Dr CD Mayee, a renowned plant
(Spodopterafrugiperda), a native of
epidemiologist and the President of the South Asia
America, is an invasive pest spreading
Biotechnology Centre (SABC), New Delhi stated that
across the world, with its incidence in
“Practical experiences of successfully dealing with pink
African agriculture in 2016 followed by
bollworm in cotton through involvement of smallholder
its first-time appearance on maize in
farmers will be explored and replicated to overcome the
the Indian state of Karnataka in August
threat of fall armyworm”, In the recent past, SABC in
2018. In last two seasons, Kharif and
collaboration with key stakeholders has successfully
Rabi 2018, the fall armyworm has
implemented a massive program “war on pink emerged as a major threat to farmers & bollworm” in Vidharbha region of Maharashtra. The FAW Indian agriculture due to its high presents a significant challenge to smallholder farmers incidence and consequent damage
by substantially increasing cost of production, reducing
especially to maize. The early
productivity and farmers' income and thus a
emergence in crop life cycle, voracious
considerable threat to Indian agriculture.
feeding habit, large-scale aggressive behavior, high reproduction, fast migration and irreparable nature of crop damage, all make it a key pest.
A dedicated web-based portal www.fallarmyworm.org.in with repository of information and network of institutions to spread information in India. Source: krishijagran
Notably, the FAW feeds on many host plants and has been found on sweet corn, baby corn, maize, sugarcane and sorghum, and can feed on many other agriculturally important foods & feed crops in India. As of now, the pest is reported in the states of Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal. On 8th March 2019, the South Asia Biotechnology Centre launched an ambitious and multi-year project farmers against fall armyworm in India. The project aims at using education as the weapon to the problem. The project is supported by FMC India, Mumbai, a global leader in sustainable crop protection and will work in collaboration with key stakeholders from agricultural value chains which potentially may get impacted due to the spread of Fall Armyworm in India. The project SAFFAL aims at developing
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SAFFAL to safeguard agriculture and
21
ARTICLE Image Source: CID Lines
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
Organic acids in aquafeeds - A sustainable alternative to antibiotics
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Nesara K M, Ajay S Khandagale, College of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
22
Introduction
under public scrutiny and criticism in other parts of
Aquaculture has today become the
the world. This emphasizes the need to develop
fastest growing food sector industry,
alternative products which can positively influence
moving forward rapidly in a profitable
animal performance. Plant extracts, prebiotics,
manner. The immense growth in
probiotics, and organic acids or their salts have been
modern aquaculture has been due to
evaluated as alternatives to antibiotics but the results
various factors which include
obtained are inconsistent.
increasing use of formulated
The global market value of acidifiers in the animal
aquafeeds and intensification of
feeds industry in 2015 was estimated to be about â&#x201A;Ź1.0
culture systems. Due to intensification,
billion (FEFANA 2014-2016). The most commonly used
bacterial diseases have been noticed
organic acid in animal feed is citric acid followed by
as a major cause of economic loss to
lactic acids, formic acids and/or their salts. Till now
producers. In order to better this
various feed additives such as organic acids have been
situation, antibiotics have been used
investigated for use in aquaculture feeds and are
potentially to irradiate disease-causing expected to receive increasing attention due to their bacteria but its excessive use leads to
strong antimicrobial and prophylactic properties
antibiotic resistant bacteria. Because
against various pathogenic bacteria. Use of these
of this, antibiotics in animal
acidifiers mainly consisting of organic acids and their
production have been banned by the
salts or mixtures of these are receiving much more
European Union and are increasingly
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
groups in them. These include saturated straight-chain monocarboxylic acids (C1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;C18) and their respective derivatives, such as unsaturated (cinnamic, sorbic), hydroxylic (citric, lactic), phenolic (benzoic, cinnamic, salicylic) and multi carboxylic (azelaic, citric, succinic) acids (Cherrington et al.,1991), with a general molecular structure of R-COOH, where R represents The general molecular structure of organic acid
Types of organic acids in fish Formic acid
Citric acid
Acetic acid Propionic acid
Sodium formate Butyric acids
Lactic acid
Sorbic acids
Fumaric acids
Malic acids
the monovalent functional group. These acids are commonly referred to as short-chain fatty acids, volatile fatty acids or weak carboxylic acids. Citric acid and its salt Citric acid/salts (CA) are the most investigated organic acid in aquaculture for the purpose of growth and immune. Numerous studies have reported that citric acid can improve growth, feed utilization and mineral
for improving the performance and
species. Fishes supplemented with citric acid observed
the health of fish. In animal feeds the
are a red drum, Sciaenopsocellatus tends to lower the
use of organic acids was initially
pH of diets and stomach contents and rainbow trout,
demonstrated in piglets to maintain a
Oncorhynchus mykiss has been observed to improve
low gastric pH in the gut, which
weight gain, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio
resulted in problems with digestion
and enhance digestive enzyme activities (Castillo et
(Easter, 1988). Acidifiers are believed
al., 2014). Hernandez et al. (2012) fed CA to Huso huso
to be more specific to growth activity
observed an improved growth, SGR, FCR, phosphorus
which can reduce harmful micro-
absorption/retention reduced P load to the
organisms and promote beneficial
environment. Addition of CA in feed resulted in
microflora colonization in the
improved weight gain, SGR, PER, and FCR and also
gastrointestinal tract of fish (Cromwell, apparent protein, Ca and P digestibility in yellowtail, Seriolaquinqu eradiate (Khajepour and Hosseini, 1990). 2012). Likewise, Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis This accelerated growth of emphasis aureus increased the activities of protease and on food safety and animal health amylase in the digestive tract and did not affect lipase makes Europe the largest market activities on the addition of citric acid to the diet (Li et (41%) followed by other developed al., 2009). countries such as the United States Lactic acids or their salts. (24%) and Japan (12%). By this prophylactic agent, the use of
Use of lactic acid (LA) as a feed additive to rainbow
alternatives such as organic acids are
trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss resulted in increased in
expected to increase in the rest of the
bone Zn. Red sea bream, Pagrus major improved in
world.
the absorption of P but not in weight gain and feed
Organic acids The organic acids are basically organic compounds with one or more carboxyl
utilization (Hossain et al., 2007). Ca-lactate supplemented with LA improved in growth and survival (Pandey and Satoh, 2008). Castillo et al. (2014)
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attention as a potential replacement
availability, particularly phosphorus(P) in various fish
fed LA for red drum, Sciaenopsocellatus resulted in
23
ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
lowering the pH of the stomach
altered intestinal microbiota and increased serum
contents, depressed growth
agglutination titer value.
performance at 30 g /kg diet and had
Sodium butyrate as a feed additive for omnivorous
no effects on body indices and
tropical catfish (Clariasgariepinus) was implemented
composition.
with 2kg/ton in both fish meal-based diet and in
Na-lactate salts as a feed additive to
defatted soya concentrates diet. The results observed
Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, and
show with no significant differences in supplemented
Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar improved
sodium butyrate when compared with a control group.
the growth of Arctic char, but not in
However, particularly in the catfish fed fish meal, the
salmon. The study conducted by
SGR was slightly higher and body weight gain observed
Gislason et al. (1996) resulted in
was increased in sodium butyrate group than control
double feed retention time in Arctic
group respectively, coupled with a concomitant
char digestive tract; Gislasonet al.
reduction in the FCR of supplemented group fish.
(1994) fed Atlantic salmon, S. salar
Apparently, sodium butyrate supplementation raised the
with LA. There were no effects on fish
proportion of gram-positive bacteria in the hindgut of
growth, mortality or gross chemical
catfish. In a similar way, the beneficial application of
composition of the faeces. Whereas
organic acid salts was also proven by addition of
Ringo et al. (1994) supplemented LA
5kg/ton sodium citrate with inactivated Lactobacilli to
to Arctic charr, S. alpines and reported
boost the growth of the Kuruma shrimp Masurpenaeus
an improvement in weight gain and
japonicas (Tung et al., 2006). A recent report suggests
feed efficiency but didn't observe any
that the survival rate of brackish water shrimp grown in
effects on lipid/fatty acid composition
Taiwan was enhanced by supplementing with a dosage
of muscle tissue and body proximate
of 2.5kg/tonne calcium formate (Luckstadt, unpublished
composition.
data).
Use of butyric acids or their salts in
Formic acid
aquafeeds
Formic acid as a fish feed additive. Only a few studies
Na-butyrate supplemented with Sea
are been carried out for the addition of potassium-
bream, Sparus aurata enhanced growth, diformate (a double-salt of formic acid) in herbivorous, carnivores, filter feeders' fish and shellfish which show but there were no effects on SGR feed
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intake and feed utilization. It also
24
an apparent increase in weight gain, feed conversion
altered the metabolic pattern at the
ratio and the ability to counteract bacterial infections
intestinal level (Robles et al., 2013).
in fish. Ramli et al. (2005) tested potassium diformate
Supplementing butyric acid as a feed
(potassium salt of formic acid) as a growth promoter
additive in the omnivorous tropical
in tilapia grow-out and reported an increase with body
Catfish, Clarias gariepinuswas observed
weight. Similarly, commercial white shrimp feed added
to show no effects on weight gain,
with Na-formate did not show any improvement in
specific growth rate, protein efficiency
growth response, feed utilization and survival rate
ratio and food conversion ratio which
(Silva et al., 2015). In another experiment, Chuchird et
tend to alter the bacterial community in
al. (2015) provided evidence that Pacific white shrimp
the hindgut of catfish (Owen et al.,
fed formic acid supplemented diets showed enhanced
2006).
resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge. When
The fish diet supplemented with butyric
formic acid supplemented to shellfish not much result
acids can act as a diet attractant which
in positive evidence but in fish, it proved to be better.
increases the diet attractiveness and
Acetic acid
feed intake in Pacific white shrimp, L.
The dietary supplementation of 50 g kg1 acetic acid in
vannamei resulting in no effect on
trout diets tended to decrease gastric and caecal pH
phosphorus digestibility (Silva et al.,
but did not profoundly reduce the pH of
2013). In addition, Silva et al. (2016)
gastrointestinal tract contents, indicating that trouts
noted improved growth performance
are efficient in regulating endogenous gastric acid
and feed efficiency with no effect on
secretions to maintain their normal gut pH.
phosphorus retention. However, it
Nevertheless, it was observed that the addition of
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
acetic acid to trout diets significantly
butyrate resulted in an increase in final weight, feed
improved phosphorus availability in
efficiency, nitrogen retention, protein efficiency rate,
fish. Not much work has been carried
survival, and yield. Specific shrimps fed diet containing
out in using acetic acid as
2% butyrate were noted higher in comparison with
supplementation in fish and shellfish
control treatment (Silva et al., 2013).
feed (Sugiura et al., 2006).
Fumaric acid
Propionic acid
The inclusion of 0.5 g kg-1 of fumaric acid improved fish
Propionic acid contains one to five
hematological parameters. Overall, incorporation of
times more energy than wheat (Diebold fumaric acid in C. gariepinus diets improved fish survival and Eidelsburger 2006). If the energy
after Aeromonas sobria challenge (Omosowone et al.,
content of organic acids should be
2015)
completely used in metabolism it must
Conclusions
be included in the energy content of feed rations. The effect of
Currently, usage of organic acids in the field of aquaculture and in the aquafeed industry has picked up
supplementation of sodium salts of
and the farmers are greatly interested to increase the
lactic and propionic acid (10 kg/tone of
yield through the culture-based system and by
feed) was tested in Arctic charr in
salts on a sequential release medium
reviewed, many studies have reported that organic
has been successful in the grow-out of
acids, their salts or blends in feed improved growth,
Turkish rainbow trout (Karl Sacherer,
feed utilization, gut health and disease resistance in
personal communication, 2006). The
aquatic animals. Generally, reports on organic acids
shrimps which were fed diets
have noted improving growth performance and
supplemented with propionate and
nutrient utilization in aquaculture. The growth factor
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commercializing the use of organic acids in aquaculture brackish water at 8°C (Ringø, 1991). Use resulting in enhancement of both growth performance of formic and propionic acids and their and control diseases. As evident from the research
25
ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
appears to be dependent on the type
Despite the discrepancies among the published data,
INDUSTRY NEWS
of organic acids used and host specific it appears that organic acids and/or their salts have (Ng and Koh, 2011).
good potential as dietary supplements to improve
It is anticipated that the use of dietary
growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and
organic acids as functional feed
nutrient digestibility. They alter gut microflora
additives in aqua feeds to be used in
populations and increase the disease resistance of
aquaculture will increase markedly in
aquaculture species. However, more research is
the near future. Available information
needed to better understand the mechanisms of the
on the beneficial effects of dietary
potential beneficial effects of these compounds and
inclusion of organic acids and their
their mixture. The issue now is one of education and
salts on fish and shell fish are less
enforcement, especially in many developing nations
experimented. Their performance is
where a significant amount of aquaculture production
inconsistent and appear to vary
still comes from small-scale farmers who may be
among fish species, fish size or age,
unaware of the dangers posed by the excessive use
and the types and levels of organic
and misuse of antibiotics. The economic window for
acids and salts or their combinations.
the incorporation of organic acids in aqua feeds is
Additional factors include the
therefore narrow. Convincing farmers and aquafeed
compositions of experimental diets,
manufacturers regarding the actual benefits of organic
buffering capacities of dietary
acid supplementation is crucial and this can only be
ingredients, culture and feed
done through scientifically proven, laboratory- and
management, and water quality.
field-based research data.
Oilmeal exports remain flat in April-February period Oilmeal exports during February 2019
soybean meal was shipped to the country compared
stood at 141,779 tons compared with
with just 23,000 tons last year, executive director SEA BV
248,663 tons inFebruary 2018, while the Mehta said. overall exports during April 2018 to
last year); of which 36,973 tons was soybean meal,
during the same period in the
181,560 ton of rapeseed meal, and 324,181 ton of rice
preceding year, data released by
bran extraction.
Image Source: BicarÂŽZ
542,930 tons of oil meals (compared with 638,188 tons
2,786,574 tons against 2,765,320 tons
Solvent Extractors' Association of India (SEA) show. The export of rapeseed meal sharply increased to 962,990 (538,988) ton in
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
the first 11 months mainly aided by
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During April 2018 to February 2019, Vietnam imported
February 2019 were reported at
exports to South Korea, Vietnam and Thailand. According to the association, the export of rapeseed meal and soybean meal to China is unlikely to resume during the current financial year as the procedure for registration with the country's agriculture ministry is complex and time-consuming. The Iranian market has opened for the Indian soybean meal. From April 2018 to February 2019, about 3.0 lakh tons of
South Korea imported 686,095 tons of oilmeals (against 752,799 ton), of which 412,720 ton was rapeseed meal, 30,476 tonsoybean meal and 242,899 tons castor meal. Thailand imported 279,451 tons of oilmeals (compared with 174,077 tons last year), of which 16,541 ton was soybean meal, 22,443 ton de-oiled rice bran extraction and 240,393 tons of rapeseed meal. France import 106,640 tons of oilmeals (against 137,299 ton last year) consisting of 103,256 tons of soybean meal and 3,384 tons of Castor meal. Exports from Kandla are reported at 1,339,384 tons (48%) followed by Mumbai, of which JNPT handled 327,417 ton (12%), Mundra 384,539 ton (14%), Kolkata 368,963 ton (13%) and others, including Hazira and Pipavav, 366,271 tons (13%). Source: financialexpress
INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
Strategic partnership of Delacon and Cargill to cater to China market The strategic partnership between
Products based on science
Delacon and Cargill paves the way for Started as a niche product in the 1980s, phytogenics the Chinese feed market, with four today provide a key solution for animal productivity phytogenic products available to
and sustainable, wholesome food production.
start with.
Delacon is the first and only company so far to
In 2017 Delacon and Cargill formed a
receive zootechnical EU registration for two
strategic partnership including a
phytogenic feed additives, proving its products meet
minority equity investment from
the scientific gold standard in the feed industry.
Cargill to deliver enhanced solutions
Zootechnical registration is a legal confirmation of
for their customers. After entering
safety and efficacy as a growth promoter by the
the Russian market last year together, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following a it is now time to bring Delacon
rigorous approval process.
phytogenic products to China.
Given the vast variety of powerful natural
As China is proposing to ban all in-
ingredients, phytogenic feed additives are known for
feed antimicrobial growth promoters
broad-spectrum efficacy, with proven impact on
starting in 2020, phytogenics
unlocking the nutritional potential in feed, control
represent a key solution for
and improve the digestive process, enhance the gut's
antibiotic-free animal nutrition.
microflora and boost the immune systems of farm
Through the partnership, Cargill's
animals to promote feed efficiency, keep animals
premix and nutrition business in
healthy and provide wholesome food while reducing
China and Delacon will deliver
the environmental impact.
enhanced customer solutions for the China market in a sustainable and natural way. This will bring more benefits to producers and consumers. “2018 was still a year of transition and building trust between Delacon and CPN China,” says Kevin Wang, Delacon regional sales manager in China. “But for this year we have put together very ambitious sales activities that will make a net difference with the past and will put Delacon as an important supplier in The partnership connects Delacon's experience in phytogenics with Cargill's deep expertise in applied nutrition. “At Cargill and at Delacon, we have a strong commitment to our customers, we are both sciencedriven innovators and, we deliver high product quality,” says John Fering, managing director of Cargill's premix and nutrition business in China.
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phytogenic space in China.”
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EVENT COVERAGE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
9th edition of The Feeds & Nutrition Course By SFR
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
This year Schothorst Feed Research will
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formulation for poultry, swine and ruminants) also
organise the Feeds & Nutrition course
species transcending topics are offered (feedstuffs, feed
for the 9th time. The Feeds & Nutrition
quality, feed processing, mycotoxins).
course is a yearly recurring course that
All modules are given by researchers and consultants
is specially designed for animal
from SFR, together with experts from the field. More
nutrition specialists. The 9th edition will
than 120 participants from all over the world working in
be held 3-7 June 2019 at the Inntel
the feed industry are expected. The setting of the
Hotels in Zaandam, near Amsterdam.
course stimulates participants to share experiences in
From science to practice
combination with theoretical background. For each
The goal of the Feeds & Nutrition
animal category, an excursion is organised to relevant
course is to share scientific knowledge
Dutch companies to provide a glimpse into Dutch
in such a way that the participant can
livestock farming.
implement this knowledge in daily
For whom?
work. To achieve this, 16 different
The course is designed for nutritionists, purchasing
modules are offered from which the
managers, product managers and quality assurance
participants can compose their own
managers of feed and feed additive producers or others
program. Besides the species-specific
involved in the feed and allied industry.
modules (basic principles, nutrient
Registration is required before May 10, 2019. More detailed information can be found
evaluation, applied nutrition and feed
at the company's website: www.schothorst.nl.
2019
CALENDAR OF EVENTS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
MARCH International Poultry & Livestock Expo Date: 27-30 March 2019 Venue: Dhaka, Bangladesh Email: contact@cems-foodagro.com Web: www.cems-foodagro.com
Dairy Livestock & Poultry Expo Africa Date: 19-21 June 2019 Venue: Nairobi, Kenya Email: africa@dlpexpo.com Web: www.dlpexpo.com
OCTOBER MAY China Animal Husbandry Exhibition (CAHE) Date: 18-20 May 2019 Venue: Qingdao International Convention Center Email: caaa@caaa.cn Web: www.caaa.com.cn/2019/en/
JUNE VICTAM International Date: 12-14 June 2019 Venue: Cologne, Germany Email: expo@victam.com Web: www.victaminternational.com
Dairy Industry Expo Date: 11-13 October 2019 Venue: ACEC, Pune Email: dairyindustryexpo@gmail.com Web: www.dairyindustryexpo.com
Global Outlook for Aquaculture Leadership (GOAL) Date: 21-24 October 2019 Venue: Leela Palace, Chennai Email: sally.krueger@aquaculturealliance.org Web: www.aquaculturealliance.org
VIV Turkey Date: 13-15 June 2019 Venue: Istanbul - Turkey Email: hande@hkf-fairs.com Web: www.vivturkey.com
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
Asian Pacific Aquaculture Date: 18-20 June 2019 Venue: Chennai, India Email: worldaqua@was.org Web: www.marevent.com
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To list any industry event related to Grain & Feed industry please write us at info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in