T.J. Henry, El diseño de una bodega Proyectos II, February 2012 Tutor: Ir. Pascual Sellés Cantos Master project Architecture, Building and Planning, Eindhoven University of Technology Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
Contents: Preface 2 Introduction 4 Location: Requena 6 Design concepts 8 Acknowledgements 18 Bibliography 20
Preface
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T.J. Henry - Proyectos II El diseño de una bodega
This is the report regarding my second master project in the master Architecture, Building and Planning from the Eindhoven University of Technology. This project was done at the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV) in Valencia, Spain, under supervision of ir. Pascual Sellés Cantos during a semester studying abroad. It was a great experience to follow Spanish design rules and to design in a Spanish environment, as well as seeing various design methods used by my fellow students from many different countries. Therefore my gratitude goes to them who helped and inspired me during my design process resulting in the design of a winery in the outskirts of a city famous for its wine production just outside of Valencia; Requena.
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Introduction
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T.J. Henry - Proyectos II El dise単o de una bodega
Spain is the third largest producer of wine in the world, and therefore can be called a wine country. Vineyards are to be found all over the country with a concentration of vineyards and wineries in the north of Spain, a wine region called la Rioja, producing wines that are among the best wines of Spain. A winery in Spain is often referred to as a bodega, a term also including a wine cellar or warehouse. Bodegas are such an integral part of Spanish culture and cuisine, that they can also include restaurants, taste & buy areas or even hotel. A bodega - accessible for visitors or not - has to represent the wine it produces. It is here where the architecture shows its face. Wine has its associations with culture, landscape, cuisine, and can be expressed in materiality or use of space. Landscape architecture has its part, making the vineyards part of the bodega experience. The design brief was to design a bodega in the outskirts of Requena, a city just outside of Valencia, famous for its wine production (wine region UtielRequena). The client was fictional, making the brief free for interpretation. The focus was on landscape architecture and bringing the concept of wine into the architecture. On the basis of a number of concepts regarding the landscape architecture, the bodega architecture and the combination between the two, the design process had to result in a bodega where it is possible to experience the vineyards as an essential part of the final product, wine. The landscape therefore had to be involved in the bodega design. The main functions of the bodega are pinned down to wine production, wine storage, taste & buy and food & drinks. NB: In the following of this report, the term bodega will be used, not winery.
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Location: Requena The Utiel-Requena wine region is situated in the province of Valencia and covers an area of 41.148 hectares. The region consists of 115 bodegas, which produce 1.5 million liter of wine annually. Requena itself is a city with ca. 21.000 inhabitants.01 The design site is about 3 kilometers southeast from Requena, at the foot of a hill where a little river marks the lowpoints.
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T.J. Henry - Proyectos II El dise単o de una bodega
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The given location for the bodega to be consisted of a T-junction of small roads, in between nature consisting of many trees and bare fields for agriculture. A small river flows down the foot of a hill that goes upwards in northeast direction. The determining what the best location for the bodega is, has to deal with these elements, but also with the accessibility of the bodega from outside the area, the connection with the vineyards and the necessary logical flow of grapes into the wine production area. After analyzing the location for possible positions for the bodega as well as new vineyards, the most suitable place for the bodega seemed to be at a plane surface at the foot of the hill, just before and aligned with the river, and just behind a line of trees, seen from the south road. This excluded elevation problems which the hill would cause and made it possible to connect the bodega with the south and main road. The environment is an important part of the total design. For experiencing the vineyards in relation to the bodega, the first goal is to guide the visitor along the vineyards and landscape to the entrance of the bodega. This sequence has to go gradually, from parking your car to being inside. This way, the first association with wine is already made before actually entering the bodega.
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Notes: 01.
http://www.espavino.com/spain_ wine_region/wines_utiel_requena.php Figures: 01. design site, Requena 02. design site, Requena, Google Maps 03. green areas on site
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Design concepts The bodega design had to cope with certain environmental issues. The height difference had to be taken into account and the three access roads had to have a clear access path to the bodega. With these, designing a bodega is designing landscape. Therefore, the landscape architecture is integrated in the bodega architecture and the bodega is incorporated in the existing landscape. With various architectural design concepts, the concept of wine is brought into the bodega, and into the landscape.
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1. 2.
1. entrance visitors P2 2. view point p = 3500
+1 04.
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11. 3.
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5. 4. 7.
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6. 9.
3. wine storage 4. taste & buy 5. VIP tasting room 6. entrance visitors P1 7. lounge/exposition 8. cafeteria 9. terrace 10. private 11. staff room p=0
0 05.
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11. 3.
13. 16.
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3. storage room 11. staff room 12. office 13. fermentation 14. cased goods 15. bottling area 16. grape entrance p = -2800
-1 06.
view on south faรงade 07.
section bb 08.
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Volume For obtaining a clear organisation of the bodega, there had to be dealt with the two most important elements and sequences for the bodega: the grapes and the visitors. On one side, there is the wine production with the fermentation process, the bottling and the storage. On the other, there is the public visitor area with a lobby, a cafeteria, the taste & buy area and a VIP tasting room. The back of the house where the staff functions supports these two main areas of the bodega. To create a ‘wine experience’ for the visitor, these two areas are connected through the storage spaces. By making these accessible for public, people can walk in between the typical oak wine barrels while tasting the wine coming from these same barrels. Therefore, the storage room can be considered the most important space of the bodega. In the search of a volume connecting the visitor sequence with the grapeto-wine sequence and separating the grape entrance with the visitor entrance, a stretched volume seemed to be the solution. In the middle of this volume the storage spaces can form the connection, being the end of the grape-to-wine sequence as well as a part of the visitor sequence. Being the third element of the bodega design, and clearly the largest, the vineyards and the corresponding landscape had to be an integrated part of the design. By guiding the visitor from the parking to the entrance of the bodega straight through the vineyards, a first association with wine is made before entering the bodega.
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Figures: 04. plan +1, p = 3500, scale 1:1000 05. plan 0, p = 0, scale 1:1000 06. plan -1, p = -3000, scale 1:1000 07. view on south façade, scale 1:1000 08. section bb, scale 1:1000 09. separation/connection grape and visitor entrance 10. sketch: integrating the landscape 11. sketch: access bodega 12. entrances 13. serving & public spaces 14. sequence/transport 11.
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15. structure
Access The design site has three access roads, having the bodega on the T-junction these roads form. Visitors from the north as well as from the south are fluently led to the same entrance on the south faรงade of the bodega, without making a curve around the building. The grape entrance is on the west faรงade. Due to the height difference of the location, the access from the two roads on the north side is one level higher than the acces from the south road. For avoiding having two separate visitor entrances, the levels are brought together by means of a stairs leading the visitors coming from the north side to the main entrance on the south faรงade (fig. 12). 12.
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Serving & public space There is a clear division between the more closed serving spaces (office, wine production, staff ) and the open public spaces (fig. 13). The serving spaces are connected to one another and are part of the wine production area and grape-towine sequence. The public spaces are opening up to the environment, orientated to the southeast where the stretching vineyards begin. The border in between the bodega interior and the vineyards outside is kept at a minimum by using the entrance design as a graduate transition between outside and inside. A visable connection between the serving and public spaces is the storage space, being part of the serving spaces (wine production) and public spaces (experiencing and tasting wine). The staff parking is located near the grape entrance. The two visitor parkings - one on the north side and one on the south side - are both distanced from the bodega entrance, letting you pass through the typical bodega landscape first. Sequence After parking your car, walking towards the bodega in between trees and vineyards to finally approach the bodega, you slowly move inside, where it is still very open and having a link to nature everywhere. This can be to the patio inside of the bodega volume, or to the terraces just next to the vineyards. In spite of the clear volume, the border between inside and outside is kept at a minimum. Most of the important transport occurs on these borders of the bodega (fig. 14). The focus of the bodega faรงade is on the entrance design. It had to be an entrance for visitors from the north side as well as for visitors from the south side, avoiding one of the two groups having to make a way around the building. Hereby came the problem of the height difference. With an entrance design which integrates roof, stairs, gallery and entrance it did not only solve this problem, but also provided a graduate sequence from the vineyards outside, to inside. Structure In order to obtain a clear organisation between the connected functions, the spaces are designed as simple as possible. The main plan follows a tight grid which clearly defines the most important spaces and at the same time is the construction principle (fig. 15). The wine production area has bigger dimensions than the public area, with an overall height of ca. 6.5 m, to provide space for e.g. the fermentation tanks, each ca. five meters high. The public area has an overall height of ca. 3.4 m, including the wooden construction beams. This provides enough light inside and gives the spaces a more modest dimension.
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Materialization / faรงade Wine has certain associations. The bodega design has to reflect these associations in order to make you feel you are in an environment where it is all about the wine. These associations have to do with cuisine, culture and - more tangible - material. Wine in culture and cuisine is more associated to a certain lifestyle. Wine is fancy, rich, known and famous for the accompanying typical wine glasses with their elegant shape. It is associated with climate and nature; everybody knows wine comes from grapes and thus vineyards which only can be grown in countries with an appropriate climate. The sense of these associations have to come back in the spaces of the bodega. In a more architectural way, these can be recalled by using material matching these associations. Therefore, wood became the main material for the entire bodega. Wood has a natural feeling and in combination with integrating the landscape into the design together with a somewhat luxurious interior, the concept of wine is brought into the bodega. For integrating the landscape in the design, a goal was to keep the building modest, fitting into the landscape. This means a horizontal orientation, matching the vineyards and sheltering in between trees. Height difference can become an advantage in this case, lifting the ground surface up and against the bodega to make it seem the bodega is formed from the ground. This concept also creates a connection between the north and south side of the bodega. As mentioned before, the height difference played its role for the entrance
Notes: 02.
http://www.wsuklai.com/portfolio/ studio/winery.html Figures: 16.
16. sketch: process designing clear spaces 17. sketch: process entrance design / integrating the landscape, south view 18. sketch: entrance impression 19. concept wooden lamels on faรงades, inspired by Lisa Wong with her winery for Rosewood Estates
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20. sketch: process entrance design
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design. The entrance had to be open but could not damage the clear volume. For this, and having a consistent façade, a façade concept is applied on the entrance as well as on the entire façade. Looking to the different main functions and their needs, it was determined whether or not the spaces behind the façade needed much light, privacy or openness. Because of the grid structure the façades could be filled in with great freedom. This way, the façade could be chosen according to the spaces behind them (fig. 19) 02. Wooden lamels fill in the façade surfaces freely, creating a play between light and shadow, together with the shadow falling into the bodega from the trees nearby.
public
staff / office
wine storage
wine production
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p = +3500
p=0
p = -3000
section bb 24.
d1
d2 p = +3500
d3
d4 p=0
section aa 25.
Construction-wise, the bodega is built up from a concrete base with a wooden construction on top. Two main dimensions can be found; the one for the public area (height ca. 3.5m) and the one for the wine production area (height ca. 6.5m). In order to attain the span, dimensions of the beams in the production area are two times the height of the ones in the public area. The structure mentioned before in which these construction elements fit, consists of a grid of 5.5 x 5.5 meters. The construction beams are left in sight in order to emphasize the clear structure and accompanying spaces as well as for showing the wooden construction itself. At the entrance this construction runs through the faรงade, creating the graduate transition from outside to inside by means of the gallery these construction beams, teak lamels and teak flooring planks form.
21. model 22. sketch: barrel space and taste & wine space impression 23. sketch: roof impression 24. technical section bb, scale 1:100 25. technical section aa, scale 1:100 26. vertical section: details 1/2/3/4, scale 1:10
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vertical section 1:10 1 22 mm teak flooring planks 50/22 mm pine battens on rubber slabs bitumen layer 80 mm EPS insulation vapour barrier 18 mm plywood underlayment 70/220 mm lam. construction beam 2 70/220 mm lam. construction beam 3 70/22 mm teak boarding 44/44 mm pine battens waterproof membrane 80 mm EPS insulation between 80 mm steel Z-section 70/220 mm lam. construction beam
4 70/22 mm teak lamella fixed with 50/50 mm steel angle 5 double glazing: 2x 6 mm laminated glass + 8 mm cavity 6 70/120 lam. construction column 7 80 mm concrete screed, polished vapour barrier 200 mm reinforced concrete base 50 mm EPS insulation 8 22 mm teak flooring planks 50/22 mm pine battens on rubber slabs 80 mm precast concrete slab 100 mm sand bed of gravel
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Acknowledge ments
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T.J. Henry - Proyectos II El diseĂąo de una bodega
The realization of this report has gone through many phases. Starting in Valencia and Requena with analysis, the bodega design was completed there. I expanded the design architecturally and technically in Eindhoven, digging back on the design decisions I had made in Valencia. My gratitude, at first, goes to my fellow project students in Valencia, who made me aware of other design approaches and presentation styles. Also, my gratitude goes to my tutor for this project, ir. Pascual SellĂŠs Cantos, who gave me the freedom in this project to explore new paths, sometimes even under the appropriate enjoyment of a good talk and some suitable wine. For the finalization of this project, my gratitude goes to ir. Tom Veeger, who helped me develop the design some more, changing the design slightly on the technical side.
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Bibliography
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T.J. Henry - Proyectos II El diseño de una bodega
Literature: Detail 10 – 2010 p. 1026 Detail 7/8 – 2011 p. 886-888 Detail 10 – 2006 p. 1098-1099 Centrum Hout, Almere, Houtwijzer: Naaldhout in de bouw © Centrum Hout 2005 Centrum Hout, Almere, Houtwijzer: Gevelbekleding van massief hout © Centrum Hout 2005 Notes: 01.
http://www.espavino.com/spain_wine_region/wines_utiel_requena.php
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http://www.wsuklai.com/portfolio/studio/winery.html
Figures: 01. photo by Zuzanna Tarnowska, November 22, 2011 02. http://maps.google.com/ 03. - 26. Thomas Henry, September 2011 - February 2012 Inspired by: Sabbagh Arquitectos, Chile Pavilion, World Expo Shanghai 2010 Lisa Wong , Winery for Rosewood Estates Mithun Architects, Novelty Hill Winery Cover: Napa Valley, © Herbey Productions
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