micro home Thomas Martiniello
micro home Thomas Martiniello
Contents Overview > 02 Work Flow Diagram > 04 Mood Board > 05 Client Inspiration > 06 Case Studies > 07 Building Codes > 012 Application Drawing Requirements > 018 Environmental Design > 020 Materials > 025 Product Research > 027 Ideation/ Sketching > 031 Client Input/ Feedback > 039 Development > 040 Problem Solving > 043 Skill Set Development > 045 Thomas Martiniello Design and Graphics 2015 Architecture Major Project Scan the QR code using a smart phone to view my digital portfolio
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Overview Background information: The client Freya Brent is interested in building her own self-sufficient, environmentally friendly micro home. I have been tasked with the designing of this micro home. Design statement: To design a micro home.
Design brief: The brief is to design a small sustainable, environmentally friendly ‘micro’ home. The house would have the ability to work off grid and would also have the ability to be moved to a different location. Design requirements: • solar panels • water tank • fire place Specifications + limitations: The client has specified that the house needs the following rooms; • 2 bedrooms • bathroom • kitchen/ living • study nook • integrated laundry Restrictions: • size • transportable • price
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micro home Thomas Martiniello Deliverables: Budget: Client: The budget given by the client is between Plans at planning approval level as per The client is Freya Brent who is interested www.actpla.act.gov.au (all A3 black & white) $100,000 and $200,000. However, the client wants in sustainable and environmentally friendly a low cost build but still wants good quality, and design. She wishes to undertake the building 1. Site plan; scale 1:200 so the price is able to be adjusted to account for of this project in the next 10 years herself while this. 2. Floor plan(s); scale 1:100 undertaking university. 3. Floor plan(s) with no interior layout for public viewing; scale 1:100 Objectives: Evaluation criteria: 4. Elevations; scale 1:100 • to produce an environmentally friendly, high • transportable 5. Section(s); scale 1:100 energy efficiency micro home • ability to work off grid • can be lived in Purpose + function: All plans must be landscape and all plans are to • environmentally friendly be clear and concise with Australian Standard • the purpose of the building is to act as a home • cost under budget 1100.301-1995 and Australian Standard 1100.301. for people to live in • all relevant ACPTLA plans provided • the function of the building is to not be • plans meet the Australian standards grounded so it can be moved to a different Deadlines: • the final plans are to be produced by location Timeline: November 3 with; • the final design brief to be produced by Considerations + client wishes: August > initial design research and ideation August 6 after meeting and discussing with • German high efficiency windows • the client would like a mezzanine level the client September > ideation and development, present The client likes the following materials and would ideas to client • a design portfolio outlining the problem solving and ideation to be produced by like them used on the build; September 17 • wood October > develop final design and produce • a product handover and presentation on • corrugated iron technical drawings • glass November 11 November > finalise technical drawings and The design would also be good if it could be built produce a model alongside others that are similar to create more room.
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Work Flow Diagram Stage One:
Sketching
Initial design research Inspiration
Product research
Client pitch (ideas)
Development
Initial design ideation
August
September
Stage Two:
3D modeling
Develop 3D model
Produce 3D renders Produce model
Layout drafting
October
Develop drawings
Present to client
Produce technical drawings
November
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micro home Mood Board
Thomas Martiniello
Small houses like these are becoming a trend as well as environmentally friendly living
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micro home Client Inspiration
Thomas Martiniello
Angled roof lines
‘A’ frame roof lines
Large ‘picture’ windows
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micro home Thomas Martiniello
Case Studies MAPA architects MINIMOD residence. ‘Entitled ‘MINIMOD’, the completely prefabricated design features a flexible steel frame structure that allows the client to convert the space to suit their own specific requirements. The modular nature of the project ensures that the dwelling can readily be transformed depending on its composition. The expansion and addition of new units can be implemented throughout the process according to the needs and the budget of the user. The simple structure forms a close relationship with its context, offering occupants a contemporary and comfortable place of rest. Potential uses range from an events showroom to, on a larger scale, a hotel complex.’
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micro home Thomas Martiniello Sol Duc Cabin. ‘The overall design responds to the owner's desire for a compact, low-cost, low-maintenance, virtually indestructible building to house himself and his wife during fishing expeditions. Composed of two levels, the cabin's entry, dining and kitchen areas are located on the lower floor while a sleeping loft with minimal shelving hovers above. A cantilevered steel deck extends from the lower level, providing unimpeded views of the river. Constructed primarily of unfinished, mild steel and structural insulated panels (SIPs), the cabin is supported by four steel columns and sits lightly on the site. Most of the structure — the steel frame and panels, the roof, shutters, and stairs — was prefabricated off-site, thereby reducing on-site waste and site disruption. Prefabrication kept typical construction wastage to a minimum.’
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micro home Thomas Martiniello Rolling Huts. ‘Responding to the owner’s need for space to house visiting friends and family, the Rolling Huts are several steps above camping, while remaining low-tech and low-impact in their design. The huts sit lightly on the site, a flood plain meadow in an alpine river valley. The wheels lift the structures above the meadow, providing an unobstructed view into nature and the prospect of the surrounding mountains. The construction of each hut is simple. It is, in essence, an offset, steel clad box on a steel and wood platform. Walls are topped by clerestory windows, over which a sips panel roof floats in an inverted, lopsided V. At the north end of the hut, a double-paned sliding glass door opens to the outside. Living occurs not only in the 200 square feet inside the box, but on the 240 square feet of covered deck space surrounding it. Interior finishes—cork and plywood—are simple, inexpensive, and left as raw as possible. Exteriors are durable, no-maintenance materials—steel, plywood and car-decking. The raw nature of the materials responds to the natural setting.’
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micro home Thomas Martiniello Crosson Clarke Carnachan Architect’s Hut on Sleds. ‘On the shore of an idyllic white sandy beach on New Zealand’s Coromandel Peninsula rests an elegant hut. The site lies within the coastal erosion zone, where all building must be removable. This is taken literally and the hut is designed on two thick wooden sleds for movement back up the site or across the beach and onto a barge. The hut is a series of simple design moves. The aesthetic is natural and reminiscent of a beach artifact/perhaps a surf-life-saving or observation tower. The fittings and mechanics are industrial and obvious, the structure is gutsy and exposed. The hut is totally sustainable from its modest size to the use of timber in its cladding, structure, lining and joinery and from its worm tank waste system to the separate portable grey water tanks. This is a new way of looking at holiday living in this sensitive dune environment.’
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micro home Thomas Martiniello Floating observatory. A space designed by graduate architects for artists to reside in the UK. The build is made predominately out of timber, and the structures can be moved to face the best view. (see left)
Casey Brown Architect’s Permanent Camping. ‘Conceived as a retreat for one or two people, the building has a minimal 3x3m footprint providing shelter. The structure is a two storey copper clad tower; the sides open up on the ground level to provide wide verandahs to the north, east and western elevations. To the south a water tank and winches are located to operate the moveable verandah roofs. When not in use, these roofs close down to completely enclose the timber and glass interior protecting it from the elements in particular bush fires.’
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Important aspects highlighted
micro home Thomas Martiniello
Building Codes The following extract is from the ACT Government’s Single Dwelling Housing Development Code. It outlines the main restrictions and codes when building a house in the ACT. For the full document and more information please visit: www.planning.act.gov.au These codes however are for permanent residences which do not fully apply to the micro home I will be designing. The next set of codes after these somewhat cover that category. (excuse the blurry text - the original PDF is locked and so it could not be placed into the document) Relevant Sources: 1. Environment and Sustainable Development’s ‘Single Dwelling Housing Development Code’ ACT Government, 2014, Canberra (Element 1: Building and site controls)
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micro home Building Codes
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The following extract is from the ACT Government’s Residential Zones Development Code. It outlines the main restrictions and codes when building a house in the ACT. For the full document and more information please visit: www.planning.act.gov.au These codes however are for secondary residences which apply to transportable homes such as caravan (which are classified as permanent dwellings).
Relevant Sources: 1. Environment and Sustainable Development’s ‘Residential Zones Development Code’ ACT Government, 2014, Canberra (Element 4: Secondary residences)
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Application Drawing Requirements DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS
DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS – DEFINITIONS & CHECKLIST
Second Storey Additions
Demolition Plan
Colour Sample Schedule
Shadow Diagram
Site Plan Floor Plan For Public Register & Public Notification No internal layout shown for residential development Floor Plan Elevations Sections
Swimming Pools
Required □ Required if relevant ♦ May be requested as further information
Outbuildings/Class 10 Structures
Single Dwelling in established area
Secondary Residence
Single residence in new estate
Key:
Additions & Alterations excluding 2nd storey additions
RESIDENTIAL ZONES DEVELOPMENT CODE & SINGLE DWELLING HOUSING DEVELOPMENT CODE
Preferred Format:
A4 black and white Merit • Where it is proposed to meet a criteria rather than a rule the applicant is to provide a written statement demonstrating that the proposed development satisfies the criteria and therefore the intent of the element
Supplied Not required Office Use
Site Plan
Preferred Format:
A3 (A1 for large or complex proposals) black and white 1:200 250mm for urban areas, as appropriate for other areas Australian Height Datum (AHD) • Location and identification of existing structures and trees - tree canopies to be shown to scale • Boundaries of the site with bearings and distances • Location of proposed buildings and structures with dimensions to block boundaries • Schedule of gross floor areas for the proposal including existing structures • Existing contours from site survey of the site and adjoining verge • All easements on the land • Driveway verge crossing details • Where they can be reasonably determined, all existing reticulated services and associated infrastructure on the site • Street trees, foot paths, kerbs, storm water pits, street lighting and other public assets in the verge adjacent to the site • The drip line of any street tree where a proposed driveway verge crossing encroaches within that drip line • All proposed signs
Supplied Not required Office Use
Floor Plan(s) For assessment purposes
Preferred Format:
A3 (A1 for large or complex proposals) black and white 1:100 • A plan for each floor including any trafficable subfloor areas • Dimensions • Key to sections cross referenced to relevant drawing and sheet number • Finished floor levels related to Australian Height Datum • Schedule of gross floor area for each floor • Identification of all adaptable dwellings • For proposals involving alterations or additions to an existing • building, identification of the existing building • Identification of all rooms (existing and proposed)
Supplied Not required Office Use
Floor Plan(s) For public register and notification purposes
Preferred Format:
A3 (A1 for large or complex proposals) black and white 1:100 As above with the following exceptions • Floor plan is not to show interior layout of residential development • All windows and doors to be clearly marked to enable identification of the use of the room/space to which they relate or an indication on the floor plan as to what the space will be used for e.g. bedrooms, living area, car accommodation
Supplied Not required Office Use
Elevations
Preferred Format:
A3 (A1 for large or complex proposals) black and white 1:100 • Dimensioned heights including overall heights • All proposed signs • Proposed external materials referenced to Colour Sample Schedule • Finished floor levels and ceiling levels • Natural and finished ground levels related to Australian Height Datum • Floor to ceiling heights • Side and rear building envelopes
Supplied Not required Office Use
Section(s)
Preferred Format:
A3 (A1 for large or complex proposals) black and white 1:100 • Finished floor levels and ceiling levels • Natural and finished ground levels related to Australian Height Datum • Floor to ceiling heights • Side and rear building envelopes • Long section of any proposed basement ramp showing gradients • Section of any sub floor areas •
Supplied Not required Office Use
Required Information
Statement Against Relevant Criteria For merit track assessable Development Applications only Survey Certificate Required unless exempt by P & D Regulation 25 Landscape Plan
Erosion and Sediment Control Plan or notation on plan stating development complies with EPA requirements Tree Management Plan
Waste Management Plan Only relevant for single dwelling housing where the development will generate a total of 20 cubic metres or greater of demolition and/or excavation waste Driveway Plan For works on verge only Relevant Entity Advice Mandatory for DAs to be assessed in Code track Optional for DAs to be assessed in Merit track Documentation to satisfy relevant entity referral and non referral requirements as required by the Territory Plan Water Sensitive Urban Design Documentation For all new single dwellings & for additions and alterations that increase the roof area by more than 50% ONLY Unapproved Existing Works Plan
List of Interested Parties including all names and addresses or Statement advising no interested parties (includes mortgagee, sub-lessees etc for
Submission Requirement Statement Against Relevant Criteria MERIT TRACK ONLY
Lease Variations only)
Relevant Sources: 1. ACTPLA http://www.planning.act.gov.au/__data/ assets/pdf_file/0004/37669/SUPPORTING_ DOCUMENTATION_CHECKLIST_FOR_ SINGLE_RESIDENTIAL.pdf
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micro home Thomas Martiniello Submission Requirement Driveway Plan For works on verge only
Required Information Preferred Format:
A3 (portrait) black and white 1:200 • Existing ground levels and the datum mark used to obtaining levels • Type of kerb & gutter i.e. layback or vertical • Existing or intended footpaths & their alignment • Kerb levels at each corner of the driveway • Levels of each side of the driveway 2m behind the kerb and property boundary • Longitudinal sections • Location & surface levels of proposed garage and/or carport and dwelling • Long sections • Distance from kerb line to garage or carport, kerb line to property boundary, changes to levels along each side of the proposed driveway at all changes of grade and at start, midpoint and finish of all vertical curves • Driveway to be outside tree canopy (for both leased land & verge) & anticipated mature canopy, 1.2 metres clear of sumps and services, 1.5 metres clear of transformers, 6 metres clear of tangent point on corner block • Proposed uphill grade to be less than 17% & downhill grade less than 12% on verge & at right angle to kerb line (max 1:10 deviation)
Supplied Not required Office Use
Colour Sample Schedule
Preferred Format:
A4, A3, colour • Proposed external material colour schedule referenced to their location and use (e.g., roofing, windows, exterior walls) on elevations • Schedule to identify names, codes and brands of exterior colours for materials
Supplied Not required Office Use
Demolition Plan
Preferred Format:
A3 (A1 for large or complex proposals) black & white 1:200 • Identification of all buildings and structures proposed to be demolished
Erosion & Sediment Control Plan
Preferred Format:
A3 (A1 for large or complex proposals) black and white • Prepared in accordance with ACT Environment Protection Authority, Environment Protection Guidelines for Construction and Land Development in the ACT
Supplied Not required Office Use Supplied Not required Office Use
For works such as class 10 structures, additions and alterations, and backyard swimming pools that a note on the plan that "the development will comply with the ACT Environment Protection Authority, Environment Protection Guidelines for Construction and Land Development in the ACT, August 2007" will suffice except where there is a reasonable risk that soil from the required earth works in the front of the block will impact on the stormwater system because the block slopes towards the street
Submission Requirement Landscape Plan
Tree Management Plan
Required Information Preferred Format:
A3 (A1 for large or complex proposals) black and white 1:200 Proposed landscaping plan to include: • Proposed planting details, including plant species and common name, total number of each species of plant proposed and planting (pot) size to be nominated on the plan • Trees on the site proposed to be retained • Tree protection zones for all protected trees affecting the site, accurately shown (including tree protection zones of trees on adjacent or adjoining blocks) • For proposals in heritage areas and redevelopment in established areas an evaluation of all existing trees to be provided. • Existing and proposed contours • Retaining structures boundary treatments including courtyard walls and fences • Surface treatments showing pervious and impervious surfaces • Surface storm water management including drainage and taps • Areas to be irrigated including type of system • The area of private open space to be provided • The percentage of private open space to be retained as planting
Supplied Not required Office Use
Preferred Format:
A4, black and white 1:200 • Prepared in accordance with Department of Territory and Municipal Services Guidelines for Preparing a Tree Management Plan
Supplied Not required Office Use
Note: ‘Protected tree’ is defined under the Tree Protection Act 2005.
Waste Management Plan Including Spoil Management Plan where relevant
In accordance with section 148 of the Planning and Development Act 2007, where the development proposal requires groundwork within the tree protection zone of a protected tree, or is likely to cause damage to or removal of, any protected trees, the application is accompanied by a Tree Management Plan. Preferred Format:
The relevant form from the Development Control Code for Best Practice Waste Management in the ACT • These forms are available from the Planning and Land Authority or from the ACT NOWaste website at www.nowaste.act.gov.au •
Survey Certificate (as required by Section 139(2) (i) Planning & Development Act 2007)
Preferred Format:
A3 (A1 for large or complex proposals) black and white 1:200 250mm for urban areas, as appropriate for other areas Australian Height Datum (AHD) • The boundaries of the site with bearings and distances • The location of each building and structure on the site • Dimensions of the development • Existing contours of the site and adjoining verge • Prepared and signed by registered Surveyor
Supplied Not required Office Use
Shadow Diagram(s)
Preferred Format:
A3 (A1 for large or complex proposals) black and white 1:100 • Existing contours (as per site plan) • Natural & finished ground levels related to Australian Height Datum • The location of proposed buildings and structures • Shadows cast by proposed buildings, retained buildings, existing fences and proposed fences at 9am, noon and 3pm on 21 June (Winter solstice) • The location of all buildings and private open space on adjoining or adjacent blocks that are affected by those shadows • Elevations of buildings on adjoining or adjacent blocks that contain windows to habitable rooms affected by shadows cast. Where possible the type of habitable room affected should be indicated (e.g. bedroom, dining room)
Supplied Not required Office Use
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Only relevant for single dwelling housing where the development will generate a total of 20 cubic metres or greater of demolition and/or excavation waste
Supplied Not required Office Use
Unapproved Existing Works Plan (required under Section 205 of the Planning and Development Act 2007)
Preferred Format:
A4 or A3 Black and White • Plans of the development signed by a registered surveyor confirming the location and dimensions of the development must be submitted with this application. • Plans need to confirm the height, width and length dimensions of the development and the setback dimensions of the development from the block boundaries. • Information may be provided on one plan or on a series of plans provided each plan is signed by a registered surveyor.
Supplied Not required Office Use
List of Interested Parties
Preferred Format:
A4 black and white • List of names and addresses of all persons having a registered estate or interest (e.g. mortgagees, sub lessees) in the property
Supplied Not required Office Use
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Environmental Design Canberra’s Climate See figure: Canberra’s climate zones Summer (dec - feb) Hot dry days, high ranges in temperature, light to moderate NW / E winds Autumn (mar - mid april) Temperate to cool sunny days, cold nights, NE winds
Canberra’s climate zone2
See figures: Heat loss values, Heat loss and gains
Winter (mid april - mid oct) Cool sunny days, with very cold clear sky nights, light NW winds Spring (mid oct - nov) Warm sunny days, cool nights with moderate to gusty NW / W winds Heat loss values3
Relevant Sources: 1. National Capital Development Commission, ‘low energy house design for temperate climates’ Technical paper 22, Sept 1977, Canberra, ACT 2.
Energy Conservation 1. minimise heat loss in winter and heat gain in summer 2. maximise any benefits to be derived directly from the external environment 3. for winter only, optimise the heating system to satisfy the difference between steps one and two
3.
Australian Government Department of Industry, ‘your home guide’ Fifth edition, 2013, Commonwealth Government
Passive Design Passive design is a broad term used to describe design which takes advantage of the climate to maintain comfort inside of the home. Passive designed homes have reduced or no need for heating and cooling systems as they use natural occurring techniques to maintain temperature. Passive design principles make up most of the low energy and environmental design principles.
Ceiling 25% to 35% Windows 11% to 20%
Air leakage 15% to 25%
Walls 10% to 20%
Floor 10% to 20%
Ceiling 25% to 35% Windows 25% to 35%
Air leakage 5% to 15%
Walls 15% to 25%
Floor 10% to 20%
Heat loss and gains2
Magma Sketchbook - Architecture, ‘Sketchbooks for the Twenty-first Century’
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micro home Thomas Martiniello Australian Solar Exposure As illustrated by figure: Global solar exposure, Australian solar exposure levels ranged from approximately 8MJ/m2 to 24MJ/m2, from the period of 1 Feb. 2013 –31 Jan. 2014. (MJ/m2 = mega joules per square metre) The solar exposure level for Canberra during the same time period was between 16 to 18 MJ/ m2. It requires 0.004 MJ to heat 1 litre of water up by one degree Celsius. Assuming the water is already 15 degrees, to heat the water to 60 degrees for a hot water service it would use 0.18MJ to heat 1 litre of water. This means that on a day in Canberra with a 18MJ/m2 exposure level you could heat around 100 litres of water to 60 degrees Celsius. This makes solar hot water a green option when designing in Canberra.
32 MJ/m2 30 MJ/m2 28 MJ/m2 26 MJ/m2 24 MJ/m2 22 MJ/m2 20 MJ/m2 18 MJ/m2 16 MJ/m2 14 MJ/m2 12 MJ/m2 10 MJ/m2 8 MJ/m2
Global solar exposure1
6 MJ/m2
Rainfall (mm)
3200 mm
Mean Canberra Rainfall Figures: Australian rainfall analysis, Canberra city rainfall depict Australia’s and Canberra’s rainfall data over one year. As shown by the data the majority of rainfall in Canberra falls in the September to November period. Canberra’s yearly rainfall amounts to approximately 625mm. As shown by figure: Australian rainfall analysis, Canberra is in the mid range of the rainfall scale for Australia. Meaning that we do not receive as much rain as other climates such as the more tropical climate of northern Australia. Rainwater harvesting is a possible option in Canberra because we receive on average at least 40mm of rain each month of the year.
2400 mm 1800 mm 1200 mm 900 mm 600 mm 400 mm 300 mm 200 mm 100 mm 50 mm
Relevant Sources: 1. Bureau of Meteorology, www.bom.gov.au Australian Government, Canberra, ACT
Australian rainfall analysis1
0 mm
Canberra city rainfall1
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Low Energy Design Principles • • • • •
insulation thermal mass concrete slabs ventilation orientation
Insulation is used in a building to act as a heat barrier to reduce heat loss. Insulations effectiveness can be compared through its R-Value, which measures resistance to heat flow. The higher the R-Value the better. See figure: Heat loss values, Heat loss and gains (previous page) Thermal mass is the ability of a material to absorb and store heat energy. High density materials like concrete require a large amount of heat energy to change in temperature, and so they have a high thermal mass. Objects can be used for their thermal mass to absorb and store heat energy during the day, to then be released in the night to maintain stable temperatures. See figure: Thermal mass, Thermal mass 2 Relevant Sources: 1. National Capital Development Commission, ‘low energy house design for temperate climates’ Technical paper 22, Sept 1977, Canberra, ACT 2.
Concrete slabs are also a stand alone concept using the principle of thermal mass. They provide a large high density area for heat to be absorbed during the day and then released into the night.
Thermal mass3
Ventilation provides natural airflow throughout a building allowing fresh air to travel through the building. It can be used in summer to remove all of the hot air build up in the house. See figure: Natural ventilation, Thermal mass Orientation is the positioning of a building. Optimal orientation is as follows; • living room glazing 15oW / 30oE • minimal to no glazing to the west • full summer shade to the north • minimal glazing to the east and south See figure: Orientation
Thermal mass 24
Natural ventalation3
3.
4. Australian Government Department of Industry, ‘your home guide’ Fifth edition, 2013, Commonwealth Government
Magma Sketchbook - Architecture, ‘Sketchbooks for the Twenty-first Century’ State Electricity Commission of Victoria, ‘passive house design’ Industrial Electricity Sales Devision, Sept 1979
Orientation2
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Heating Systems Trombe Walls Trombe walls are a passive solar design principle where a wall is built in front of a window on the winter sun side of the building. The wall works by absorbing the heat from the sun in the wall and then it gets re-radiated back into the house during the night to help heat the home. The walls are sometimes also painted black for extra heat gain. A diagram to show how trombe walls work is shown by figure: Trombe walls. 2.1.1.1 2.1.1.1 Winter Sun
2.1.1.1 2.1.1.1
Summer Sun
3.2.1 Open fireplace
1
2.1.1.1
Trombe walls1
Relevant Sources: 1. Australian Government Department of Industry, ‘your home guide’ Fifth edition, 2013, Commonwealth Government
3.2.2 Geothermal exchanger1
Open Fireplaces Open fireplaces produce radiant heat but can be inefficient if not correctly fitted with a flume. When fitted with a flume the heat produced by the burning wood circulates around the fireplace and into the room helping to heat the room. The cool air from the room gets sucked into the fireplace and it then circulates upward before being circulated into the room as warm air. Fireplaces can be also cheap to run if the wood is sourced for free, even still firewood can be purchased at a cheap price. Figure: Open fireplace, shows how an open fireplace works. Geothermal Exchangers Geothermal exchanges, or air to ground exchanges, use the natural heat of the earth to heat water which is used to then heat a room. Heat exchange pipes are buried deep into the earth and run through water where the temperature is constant all year round. The geothermal system can be used to both heat and cool a home during the different seasons. In winter cold water passes down the pipe getting heated as it goes, before return as warm water which is then turned into heat. The reverse happens during summer to work as a cooling system. Geothermal exchanges can work efficiently in both extremely hot or cold conditions making the system a viable solution. The system also can be used as a hot water supply. Figure: Geothermal exchanger, displays how the system can work in both summer and winter.
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Embodied Energy “Embodied energy is the energy consumed by all of the processes associated with the production of a building, from the mining and processing of natural resources to manufacturing, transport and product delivery. Embodied energy does not include the operation and disposal of the building material, which would be considered in a life cycle approach. Embodied energy is the ‘upstream’ or ‘front-end’ component of the life cycle impact of a home.” Source: http://www.yourhome.gov.au/ materials/embodied-energy Figure Embodied energy shows how much embodied energy common building products contain. Figure Embodied energy for assembled walls shows how much embodied energy there is in common wall building methods.
Embodied energy1
Relevant Sources: 1. Australian Government Department of Industry, ‘your home guide’ Fifth edition, 2013, Commonwealth Government Embodied energy for assembled walls1
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Materials *A U value is defined as the quantity of heat in watts which will flow through 1M2 of structure in one hour. Where there is 1oC temperature difference between the air on each side. Materials are important in the design of a building as they help with the passive design. Some materials can hold more heat, yet some are better at blocking out heat. Materials should be chosen for their efficiency and performance as well as aesthetics and other characteristics. See figure: Thermal storage capacity, Material U values
Thermal storage capacity1
Relevant Sources: 1. State Electricity Commission of Victoria, ‘passive house design’ Industrial Electricity Sales Devision, Sept 1979 2.
Magma Sketchbook - Architecture, ‘Sketchbooks for the Twenty-first Century’
Material U values1
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Window Efficiency Values Components Aluminium frame Timber frame 3mm clear glass
U-VALUE 10.0 2.8 5.9
Double glazing (uncoated) – 2 x 3mm glass with 6mm air gap
3.1
Systems Aluminum frame with 3mm clear glass
6.9
Aluminum frame with double 3mm clear glass and 6mm gap
3.8
Timber frame with 3mm clear glass
5.5
Timber frame with double 3mm clear glass and 6mm gap
3.0
Window efficiency values1
(table from yourhome.gov.au)
highest efficiency
Relevant Sources: 1. Australian Government Department of Industry, ‘your home guide’ Fifth edition, 2013, Commonwealth Government
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Product Research Solar Photovoltaics Solar Photovoltaics also known as Solar Power Systems is a power system used to supply solar power by means of photovoltaics. A photovoltaic system consists of solar panels, a solar inverter, a battery system as well as cabling and mounts. Solar systems use the suns energy and turn it into usable power in the form of electricity. You can also get solar hot water systems which use the same principle of capturing the suns energy. However, solar hot water systems use the sun’s energy to heat up water in pipes, turning it into hot water. Water Tanks Water tanks are a means of capturing and storing water for later use. They come in various shapes and sizes each to serve different purposes. Water tanks can be install beside a structure, underground or within a building. As water has such a good thermal storage capacity, water tanks can be used to retain heat and keep a building warm.
Shipping Containers Shipping containers are great for their transportability, cost and availability. Many small ‘pop up’ buildings are being built using shipping containers as they are easy to use and affordable. They can also be made into very pleasing pieces of architecture. Solar Photovoltaics
Shipping containers
The dimensions of the largest size shipping container are as follows: External length 12.19m External width 2.44m External height 2.9m
Plywood Plywood is made from layers of solid timber veneer usually 3mm thick each. Due to the layers it is incredibly strong but lightweight. The layers have the grain rotated 90 degrees each time to maximise the boards’ strength and to prevent wrapping and twisting. As well as being cheap they can look good when used as paneling in buildings. You can also buy plywood with a black finish on the top layer.
Internal length 12.01m Internal width 2.35m Internal height 2.69m Black MDF
Tare Weight - 4150 kg 40ft High Cube Container
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micro home Thomas Martiniello German Windows Due to the German climate, German windows are generally highly efficient and well made. German windows can come with tipple glazing which provides for great insulation and heat efficiency. They can also be made in a variety of ways, some which open by tilting out.
German windows
Waste Systems There are many different types of environmentally friendly waste management systems, however because the house will be detached from any one spot the options become limited. Two possible options are; 1. Composting toilet 2. Sewage tank (similar to that on a caravan/ campervan) Composting toilet
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Dimensions
Kitchen Layouts
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micro home Stairs
Relevant Sources: 1. Magma Sketchbook - Architecture, ‘Sketchbooks for the Twenty-first Century’
Anthropometrics
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Ideation/ Sketching
Angular roof lines
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micro home Further Inspiration
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Ideation/ Sketching
Building with blocks
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using a shipping container for main body of building
A frame cubes
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micro home Thomas Martiniello
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micro home Thomas Martiniello
Extended shipping containers
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micro home Thomas Martiniello
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micro home Thomas Martiniello
Client Input/ Feedback
Main Idea No.1
Main Idea No.2 Client feedback:
Client feedback:
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shipping container as main structure additional structure sitting over as 2nd floor able to be transported by putting on back of truck shipping container is cheap and easy to transport
Problems: • enough space? • how will they join and be weather-tight?
I think the idea of using a shipping container is great but because I would like two stories I liked the suggestion of building on to a shipping container I like the designs that are based on the shipping container shape but with added things on, to make them a more interesting shape
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I really like the designs with slanted roofs. The A frame in the image I also really like I really like big windows all opened up
‘A’ frame structure timber cladding large picture windows long rectangle with extra room in high pitched roof
Problems: • how to transport? • very similar to other designs seen
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micro home Thomas Martiniello
Development
Open-planned layout
Vertical bunks for 2nd room
Timber cladding for 2nd level
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micro home Thomas Martiniello
Further development done using Adobe Illustrator Line for iPad
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micro home Thomas Martiniello
Problem Solving When I began to develop the design further and work out rough dimensions, I ran into the problem that the internal ceiling height of the shipping container that I had originally chosen was too low. The hight was 2.3m without any internal insulation or roofing material. The standard internal ceiling height is 2.4m with a minimum height of 2.1m. To resolve this issue I found a different shipping container with an internal ceiling hight of 2.69m.
After looking at the new dimensions I started to plan out other spaces
These drawings were done using the new shipping container size
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micro home Other compact stair design solutions
Thomas Martiniello
Another issue faced was the stairs to the upper level as there is not much space for them. After some research on compact stairs I found many useful and clever designs. The one that I have decided to go with can be seen on below. The good things about the design are: • it is compact • it also acts as a bookshelf • it is aesthetically interesting and pleasing
Relevant Sources: 1. http://weburbanist.com/2013/07/22/steps-tosaving-space-15-compact-stair-designs-forlofts/2/
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micro home Thomas Martiniello
Skill Set Development AutoDesk Revit ‘Revit software is specifically built for Building Information Modeling (BIM), empowering design and construction professionals to bring ideas from concept to construction with a coordinated and consistent model-based approach. It includes the functionality of all of the Revit disciplines (architecture, MEP, and structure) in one unified interface.’ www.autodesk.com/education/free-software/revit
Revit’s strong points are that it allows for 3D modeling and plan drafting in the same application. You can also easily modify your model and the rest will change to be the same. You can also put in doors and windows which are actual products.
There is a range of pages and views specific to the type of drawing template selected. Each view will automatically update with any changes making drafting easy.
The Architecture specific tab in the tool bar holds tools such as walls and doors which can be selected from libraries uploaded with actual products.
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micro home Thomas Martiniello The tool bar is simple to use with 2D shapes and lines which you push and pull to make your desired shape. SketchUp ‘Start by drawing lines and shapes. Push and pull surfaces to turn them into 3D forms. Stretch, copy, rotate and paint to make anything you like. If you want to be productive within a couple of hours, you’ve come to the right place.’ www.sketchup.com/
SketchUp is useful for quick modeling and conceptualisation. It is a simple program which simply uses shapes to represent spaces or buildings. It is simple to use and very quick.
You can also add in models and easily rotate around the different axes to conceptualise the building or space.
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Mr Minehan Major Project: Architecture Instrument Two – Design Portfolio 24/09/2015
Teacher name: Unit: Assignment name: Date due:
Course:
Student ID:
Design and Graphics
0402060
24/09/2015
THOMAS MARTINIELLO
Thomas Martiniello Design and Graphics Instrument Two – Design Portfolio Mr Minehan 24/09/2015
Student name: Course: Assignment name: Received by (Teacher name): Date received:
Time received:
Teacher signature:
Unit:
Student ID:
Major Project: Architecture
0402060
[Student to complete all details except Teacher’s Signature, Date Received and Time Received, then remove and keep as proof of submission after teacher has signed]
RECEIPT OF ASSIGNMENT
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(This information will be managed in accordance with the provisions of the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act).
Date submitted:
(for electronic submissions):
Student name
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Student signature
I understand the policies on plagiarism of both the school and the Board of Senior Secondary Studies. I certify that: (a) the work that I have submitted is my own work and has not been submitted for assessment before; (b) I have kept a copy of this assignment and all relevant notes and reference material that I used in the production of the assignment; (c) I have given references for all sources of information that are not my own, including the words, ideas and images of others.
Thomas Martiniello
The purpose of this declaration is to remind you that all work you submit must be your own work and must not be plagiarised from other sources. This declaration must be completed and submitted with the assessment item. Sign only if you understand what you have read. Ask a teacher, parent or carer/guardian if you need help to understand what this statement means. Refer to BSSS publication: What’s plagiarism? How you can avoid it
To be used for both hard copy and electronic submissions
Student name:
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ACT BOARD OF SENIOR SECONDARY STUDIES
DECLARATION OF ORIGINAL WORK
RADFORD COLLEGE