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HOW TO BUILD MODERN FURNITURE

HOW TO BUILD Mario Dal Fabbro

MODERN FURNITURE

JOHN MURRAY FIFTY ALBEMARLE STREET LONDON WI

Reprinted 1961

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SECTION 1,

General Instructio~ General

General notes about wood Wood changes ,......Seasoning of timber. , Selecting and buying wood Cutting and assembling the parts Wood finish

4 4

5 5 6

Woodworking Marking the materials Basic woodworking operations Sawing Surfacing Shaping Joinery Gluing wood Methods of joining boards

8 9 9 11 12 14 17 18

Basic joints Basic joints Scarf joints Rail joints Middle rail joints Rail-to-frame joints Panel-td-frame joints Frame joints Middle frame joints . Back panel joints Knock-down joints Joining rails to legs Joining legs to furniture Knock-down legs Joining legs to upholstered furniture Joining metal legs to wood top Metal leg end fittings Wood leg end fittings

19 21 22

25 27

Plywood hollow-frame Veneer Gra;]"direction in curved pieces

Covering edges and p Edge treatment Fastening fabric to board Metal borders Plastic borders Application of fabric to doors

Door stops Door hinges Table hinges Special hinges Pivot hinges

37 39 40 I

41 42 43

46 47 48

55 56 58 61 62

-- _. - . £ ,=,C I J f'~ ;' ,C~ r'- - - , /. Drop doors I Go ~ .';\ ~'. Special doors :: ( 0:: .... \• I 68 . ~. ~ Sl~ding doors ~ ( ,}:.._<{" .... .:) ~ Door catches \ ~. ( 11 Door bolts and locks) \. '- ••.; : ) Door locks ~G" .._J 0:;' ; ; .J<J~ \..1.'J--\ puns y. 5

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a::.";;; / . . ) $1. -< ..._ --:::

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Shelve

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Adjustable shelves

Drawers

34 35

Doors

Plywood and curves Plywood, blockboard! and laminated wood

Constructing curves Special uses of plywood

Drawers Special drawers Drawer slides

79 82 85

Materials other than wood Joining wood and glass Joining metal and wood Joining marble and wood· Joining rubber and wood Common metal joints Joining plate glass to metal Joining rubber to metal Bonding surfacing material to plywood Bonding surfacing material to curved surfaces Molded plastic

88 90

92 93

94 96 97 98 99 99

100 ..

... ~I-Y ....... "' .. ~-

:;:-:-\Cyp~-~'::'f frameS

chair and sofa frames Armchair frame Upholstery tools

SECTION 2:

101 1'03 104 105

105 108 109 117 120 122

Upholstery materials Foam rubber Seats Backs Upholstery details Chair angles

Furniture designs "

Instructions for reading drawings 1. Family workbench 2. Professional workben~h 3. Tool cabinets 4. Magazine rack 5. Service cart 6. Telephone cabinet 7. Flower box 8. End table I

9. End table 2 10. End table 3 1 I. Coffee table 12. Coffee table 2 13. Side table 14. Extension dining table 15. Television table 16. Record storage cabinet 17. Radio cabinet 1 18. Radio cabinet 2 19. Speaker cabinet 20. Open-shelf breakfront 21. Cabinet 1 22. Cabinet 2 23. Desk 1 24. Desk 2 _" 25. Stool 26. Bench I

125 126 128 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 144 145 146 148 151 152 154 156 158 160 162 163

27. Bench 2 28. Sectional bookcase 29. Chair 30. Dining set 1: Table 31. Dining set 1: Armchair 32. Dining set 1: Side chair 33. Dining set 2: Side chair 34. Dining set 2: Armchair 35. Dining set 2: Table 36. Easy chair 37. 2 or 3 seater settee 38. Armless chair, 2 or 3 seater ~ttee 39. Armchair 40. Bed Settee 4l. Dressing table 1 42. Dressing table 2 43. Dressing table stool· 44. Wardrobe 45. Chest 1 46. Chest 2 47. Chest 3 48. Chest 4 49. Chest 5 50. Single or double bed and night table 51. Double bed 52. Beds and headboard 53. Night table Index

164 166 167 168 170

112 173 174 176 177 179 180 182 184 186 1 188 190 191 194 195 196 198 200

202 204 206 210 211

SECT ION 1:

General" instructions

GENERAL NOTES ABOUT WOOD In order to select the type of wood best suited to the work to be done it is essential to understand the characteristics of the material. I have, therefore, outlined some basic information regarding its structure, as well as methods of sawing and handling.

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PIT H

HEART WOOD

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WOOD

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RAY S --------._

Structure of wood

Wood is derived from a tree. It is made up of bundles of fibers or long tubes that run parallel to the stem of the tree. These are crossed by other fibers that form the medullary or wood rays. These wood rays pass from the center or pith to the bark and serve to bind the units together. Concentric rings are formed as a layer of wood is added each year. These are called annual rings.

CAMBIUM --------

", \ \

',.\ " ANNUAL RINGS

----------~

A-Partial section of a tree trunk

Note the location of its parts: Medulla, or pith: This is the center of the tree. It is lighter in color and less strong than the heartwood. Heartwood: This section of the trunk, located between the medulla and the sapwood, gives us the best building material. Sapwood: The recent al1nual rings are contained here, between the heartwood and cambium. Cambium: This is the most recent ring. Bark: This external layer protects tnel~tree. Sawing the tree into planks

A tree is usually cut during the when there is little sap in the wood. At time the wood is less subject to fungus ati tack. After the bark has been stripped, the' trunk is washed to prevent fungus, mold, OJ; other growth. This process also helps to season wood. At the end of the seasoning period the trunk may be sawed into planks in any of a number of different ways. One of the most practical methods is sawing parallel to the grhin. This is called plain, or bastard, sawing. Quarter sawing, another method, is used for higher quality work. General Notes About Wood

C-Quarter sawing

WOOD CHANGES Planks undergo both warping and shrinking during the seasoning process. Shrinking is most noticeable at the outer edges of the plank, because the annual rings of the sapwood are fresher and less dense. Warping refers to the general change the plank undergoes after being cut. A-Warping in a plank that includes the pith B-Warping and curvature of parallelsawed (plain-sawed) planks: Note how the curvature runs in a direction opposite to the arc formed by the annual rings. C-Aligning or joining of two planks must be done on their concave sides. D-Joining two planks on their convex sides will produce a weak joint.

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SEASONING OF TIMBER

It is essential that timber be well seasoned before it is used. The usual methods are as follows: Natural seasoning: In- this -method sawed timber is exposed to free air after it has been carefully stacked. Water seasoning: A somewhat quicker method of seasoning consists of immersing . the timber in running water for about one 4

month. The water entering the pores of the wood washes out the sap. The timber is dried in the open air. Artificial seasoning: In this method the till1ber is placed in a drying kiln, and a current of hot air is allowed to circulate continuously between the layers. For some woods steam may be used. This is the fastest method. Wood Changes

SELECTING AND BUYING WOOD· After the design has been selected and pheric conditions, but screws or loose joints studied, the next step is the ordering of mawill permit shrinkage or expansion. Howterial. One method is to buy the timber in ever, wood and plywood may be safely standard lengths and cut the required pieces combined in edge treatment, as shown on page 52. as listed. Another method is to ask the timber dealer to cut the material into the sizes Another point to keep in mind is that both you. need. There will be a minimum of soft and hard wood shrink in the process waste whichever method is used, because of seasoning. Thus the wood is usually l!J 6 standard timber sizes have been considered in. narrower than the nominal thickness. in the planning of the designs. This difference is of consequence only in fitA void using solid wood and plywood toting such parts as doors, shelves, or gether in the same piece of furniture, pardrawers. If the wood is of a different thickticularly if a flush board is to be visible. If ness from that specified in the design, adsuch a combination of materials is unavoidjustments must be made in the dimensions able, glue should never be used for bonding of the part to be applied. Therefore it is the parts. Plywood and solid wood react best to secure timber of a thickness as close differently to drying glue and to atmos- ~_ __ ssible to that specified.

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cL~. THE PARTS ;~iIN~cl.N.b (, ~ ~ : AS~.~BLlNG ;: »~)!/

Whether wood is shaped by hand or jj 6?~\\... ::; -e'liniiUaJ.n~hie joint and substituting nails. of woodworking machines, the process c 0..).,- ,-CYl!efete"lhty.parts are joined, all should be sists of removing small parts of wood 6 . 1\ lPbe~.9fto make sure they will fit. sawing, planing, or chiseling in accordance - ----c . with the selected design. Instructions for assembly are provided with each design. The glue must be spread on After the design has been studied and suitboth surfaces to be joined, and the pieces able wood selected, the various pieces can clamped together for several hours. Simple be traced directly on the wood for cutting. clamps or screws and nails may be used to See details, page 8. The parts should be laid apply pressure. Wood clamps may be made out in such a way that the handsomest surby nailing blocks of wood to the ends of a faces of the wood will be seen in the finrail slightly longer than the piece being ished piece. In the cutting operation itself; glued, and applying pressure by inserting accuracy is very important; if the parts are I. wedges between the wood and the blocks. to fit together as designed, the timber must be cut at the correct angle. The saw cut ! Large assemblies should fall outside the pencil line, so that Before assembling a large piece of furnithe board can be planed or filed to correct ture, particularly a built-in unit, it is wise to dimensions. (A plane is used on flat surmeasure passageways to make sure it can be faces, and a file on curved edges.) moved from the shop to the site that has

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When the parts have been cut and finished to the right sizes, the joints may be marked and executed as indicated in the details. Sometimes it is possible to save time by Selecting and Buying the Wood

been picked for it. It may be necessary to assemble the piece in two or three units in the shop, and complete the assembly in the room where the piece is to be installed. 5

WOOD FINISH

The kind of finish a piece of furniture should receive will depend upon the quality and appearance of the wood, the use it will receive, decorating tastes, and so on. Nothing shows off the beauty of the wood-and the builder's achievement!-quite so well as a "natural" finish. Or it may seem preferable to add a touch of bright color to the decorating scheme of a room by painting the piece. Nowadays furniture makers sometimes achieve bold, striking effects by the carefully planned use of contrasting panels on the same piece: for example, the drawer fronts of a chest might be enameled or lacquered pure white, while the frame could be a strong, deep tone of almost any other color that would "go well" in the room. A word of caution to the amateur decorator: if you lack confidence in your judgment, or are wavering between color and natural finish, remember that the latter is never in bad taste. Furthermore, a natural. finish can later be painted over, if you find you are not happy with it. It is a far more difficult proposition to remove the paint, if you later decide you prefer the "natural" look. The subject of wood finishing is too extensive to receive adequate treatment here, but a few general pointers are worth giving: Carefully sand smooth all surfaces, both before and between coats of finish. Grade M2 sandpaper is recommended for raw wood; finer grades of waterproof sandpapersuch as 0 or OO-are suitable between

finish coats, and may be dipped in water to prevent dogging and minimize dust. Other methods of smoothing the surfaces, such as rubbing with fine steel wool, pumice, or other fine abrasives, may also be used. Dust should be allowed to settle before liquid finishes are applied, and the air in the workroom should be clear and still. Be sure that a coat of finish is thoroughly dry before sanding and proceeding with the next coat, and never rub or sand the final coat of paint .or enamel. Various rubbing compounds or "Flour" sandpaper may be sparingly used after the final coat of shellac or varnish. Preparation of surface

Most raw woods need careful preparation before they can be painted or finished. Neglect of this essential preliminary will not only increase the number of coats necessary to obtain proper coverage-with consequent waste of materials and labor-but will produce less satisfactory results. Fillers, primers, and unde.rcoats are' not cheaper types of finishing material to be used where they won't "sfiow"-they are indispensable components of a proper finish. In applying finishes, use good brushes and !ceep them in good condition. It is best to keep special brushes for special uses: one brush for shellac, another for varnish, a third for lacquer. A nylon brush should not be used with shellac, as the alcohol solvent will attack the bristles.

Wood Finish

WOOD FINISH

Open-grained hardwoods must be filled. If the wood is to be stained, this operation should precede filling or be combined with it-filler-stain preparations are available in a number of shades. If wood filler is applied separately, it should be brushed or wiped on and the excess rubbed off with a clean rag. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions faithfully with all finishing materials. Close-grained woods do not need to be filled, but a coat of thin shellac is recommended to seal fir before varnishing, because of the soft grain. If there are any knots or resin pockets in the wood, they should be sealed with shellac or knotsealer. Plastic wood or crack filler (in shades to match the wood, if a natural finish is selected) should be used to fill nail holes or crevices after they have been primed, either by the first finish coat or !by swabbing with linseed oil or varnish. Natural finishes

Among natural finishes, the least discolora- ; tion of the raw wood is obtained with wax, ; but this method also offers least protection : against hard usage. A single coat of white I shellac or clear varnish should precede the; wax. Combined varnish-wax preparations are also available. j Clear lacquer can yield striking results, and!

there are now preparations available which make it possible to apply this traditiomilly difficult material with a brush instead of a spray-gun. A "white" shellac finish will discolor wood less than varnish, but is not waterproof. A "5-lb cut" shellac contains 5 lb of shellac gum to the gallon of alcohol; "4-lb cut" contains only 4 lb. Either of these concentrations will give good results, but the "3-lb cut" frequently found in stores is not recommended, except for preliminary coats, which should be thin. Varnish finish combines durability with the attractiveness of a natural finish. Spar varniSh is suitable for pieces like kitchen cabinets, that are exposed to moisture. Other types of varnish are suitable for high-gloss effects, and some types have pigment added . to combine the coloring effect of paint with the natural grain of the wood. Paint or enamel finish

If the wood is to be painted, it must first be primed, although some special formulations and most rubber-base paints are self-priming. If it is to be enameled, best results will be obtained by using an enamel undercoat preparation. It is generally advisable to mix a little of the finish coat into the white primer or enamel undercoat, in order to tint it, and provide a better base for the final pigment. This measure is especially advisable if the final color is very deep.

, I

Wood Finish

MARKING THE MATERIALS After obtaining the rough wood from the timber yard, mark out the various pieces on the wood using the straight yard rule (A), the try square (B), or the sliding bevel (C). If you use the two latter devices, remember that one edge of the material should be straight.

The marking gauge (D) is used to trace lines parallel to a straight border or edge. The marker can be adjusted to vary the distance from the edge. The function of the compass (E) is the scribing of circles or partial curves. 8

Marking the Materials

BASIC WOODWORKING OPERATIONS The basic types of woodworking operations required to shape the pieces and make the joints shown in this book are illustrated on pages 9 through 16. To describe the actual method of working the wood would require a whole book in itself, but the text does suggest the tools-both hand and power- for each operatIOn.

cal operations to be performed, the degree of precision necessary, and so on. For all operations involving power tools, the characteristics of the particular equipment and the manufacturer's recommendations for its use will also need to be considered. It should be understood that careful sanding of the wood is ordinarily required after the wood has been worked to the proper size and shape. Depending upon the operation, planing or filing may also be necessary. In the text that follows, such operations have not beell mentioned unless they are essential to the description.

In general, the tools mentioned are those that will do the job most efficiently, but because some operations can be accomplished in many ways, the choice of method will depend upon such factors as the equipment available, the number of similar or identi-

SAWING

A-Rip cut (with grain)

8-Cross cut (across grain)

Hand: Rip saw recommended, but cross- I cut saw may be used. Power: Circular saw. I

Hand: Cross-cut saw or, for small pieces, tenon saw. Power: Circular saw or band saw.

or band saw.

I 1

C-Angle cut

D-Miter cut (45 degrees)

Hand: Cross-cut saw or, for small pieces,

Hand: Cross-cut saw or, for small framing pieces, miter saw in miter guide. Power: Band saw or circular saw.

tenon saw. Power: Circular saw or band saw. Basic Woodworking Operations

SAWING

A-Rip bevel (with grain)

B-Cross bevel (across grain)

Hand: Rip saw recommended, but crosscut saw may be used. Power: Circular saw.

Hand: Cross-cut saw or (for small pieces) tenon saw. Power: Band saw or circular

saw.

C-Compound bevel

D-Straight and curved cut I

Hand: Cross-cut saw or tenon saw. Power: Circular saw or band saw.

Hand: Keyhole or compass. saw. Power: Band saw or jig saw.

E-Curved cut

F-Inside cut

Hand: Keyhole or compass saw, or (for thin pieces) coping saw. Power: Band saw

Drill hole (see 14A) to admit saw blade. Hand: Keyhole or compass saw, coping saw. Power: Jig saw.

or jig saw.

Sawing

SURFACING

A-Surfacing a side

B-Surfacing two sides

Hand: Jack plane followed by smoothing plane. Power: Jointer or belt sander.

Hand: Jack plane followed by smoothing

C-Truing an edge (with grain)

D-Squaring an edge (end grain)

Hand: Jack plane followed by jointer plane. Power: Jointer.

Hand: Block plane or smoothing plane. Power: Jointer, or disc sander.

E-Chamfer

F-Stopped chamfer

Hand: Use planes as in C or D, above, in conjunction with plane gauge if desired to maintain proper angle. Power: As in C or D, above, or disc sander.

Hand: Planes and files. Power: Jointer or spindle molder.

Surfacing

plane, with marking gauge to control thickness. Power: Jointer, thickness planer, and belt sander.

SHAPING

A-Concave curve

B-Convex curve

Hand: Mallet and chisel directed toward saw cut bisecting curve, or wood rasp. Follow with adjustable circular plane and files. Power: Spindle molder.

Hand: Mallet and chisel followed by adjustable circular plane and files. Power: Spindle molder.

C-Rounding a corner

D-Rounding a straight edg~

Hand: Block plane or files. Power: Spindle molder. /

molder.

E-Rounding a convex edge

F-Rounding a concave or irreguiar edge

Hand: Plane and files. Power: Spindle

Hand: Files. Power: Spindle molder.

Hand: Plane and files. Po-wer: Spindle

molder.

Shaping

SHAPING

A-Recess on edge (drawer pull)

B-Recess away from edge (drawer pull)

Hand: Chisels and gouges. Power: Spindle molder or router.

C-Moldings

D-Relief carving

Hand: Rabbeting plane or molding plane. Power: Spindle molder.

Hand: Gouges and special files. Power: Drill press with router bits, or carving cutters.

E-Turning

F-Irregular shaping

Hatld:' Not recommended. A spokeshave might be used for simple shapes. Power: Lathe with turning chisels and gouges.

Hand: Saws for plan and elevation profiles, followed by planes, w<?od rasp, files and spokeshave. Power: Spindle molder.

Shaping

JOINERY

A-Hole drilling

B-Slanted hole

Hand: Brace and bit, with bit gauge if depth of a stopped hole is to be regulated. Doweling jig will insure accurate matching of holes if a dowel joint is required. Power: Drill press.

Hand: Brace and bit guided by prebored block (jig) clamped to work (face next to work having been cut to angle required for inclination of bit). Power: Drill press.

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C-Rabbet

D-Curved rabbet

Hand: Rabbeting plane, or combinatio!l / plane. Power: Circular saw or jointer.

Hand: Chisels or round nibbeting plane. Power: Drill press with router bit or spindle

molder.

E-Groove or slot

F-Tongue

Hand: Groove or combination plane. Power: Spindle molder, circular saw, or

Hand: Tongue or combination plane. Power: Jointer, spindle molder, or circular

router.

saw.

Joinery

JOINERY

A-Housing

B-Stopped housing

Hand: Tenon saw and chisels. Power: Circular saw or router.

Hand: Chisels. Power: Circular saw or router.

and chisels. Power: Cir-

E-!Open mortise

F-Simple mortise

Hand: Tenon saw and files. Power: Circular saw or band saw.

Hand: Mortise chisel and files. Power: Drill press with mortising attachment or router.

Joinery

A-Box ;oint or finger lap Hand: Tenon saw, chisel, and files. Power: Circular saw.

B-Edge dovetail Hand: Tenon saw and chisel. Power: Dove. tail router.

C-Dovetail housing

Hand: Tenon saw and rabbeting p1ane. Power: Dovetail router.

D-Dovetail ;oinl

Hand: Dovetail saw and chisel. Power:

Dovetail router. !

E-Lapped dovetail Hand: Dovetail saw, fOllowed by chisel. Power: Dovetail router.

F-Secret mitered dovetail '

Hand: Dovetail saw and chisels. POwer: Dovetail router.

Joinery _

GLUING WOOD Either hot or cold glue may be used in wood construction. After preparing the parts and making sure that the surfaces are smooth, spread the glue on both faces to be joined. The glued pieces should be pressed together for four to eight hours, dependfug on, the type of glue used.

Gluing Wood

A-In assembling furniture, direct pressure can be applied by use of a rope. B- The adjustable bar clamp is used to join boards together. Its spread is 2 ft to 8 ft. . C-Pressure is usually maintained by the use of clamps. D-Here is a simple method of joining boards without the use of clamps. Short pieces of wood are nailed to the ends of two' rails, and pressure is applied by inserting wedges. E and F-The steel spring is another type of clamp. G-The handscrew is /made of wood and used for light work. The parts must be kept parallel as they are screwed together. H-The double bar clamp is used to press together thin sections of wood, as in veneer.

METHODS OF JOINING BOARDS Often planks are not large enough for the work to be done. To obtain the desired width or length it is necessary to glue two or more planks together with what is called a butt joint. In order to obtain an invisible joint in exposed panels, the grain must be accurately aligned. There are many ways of joining these parts, each suitable for a particular type of work.

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A-Because the planks sawed from the center of the tree trunk are the weakest, it is advisable to saw them in two and glue them together to give them stability and strength.

B-To obtain best results, the two planks should be joined by matching either external rings or interior rings, in order to equalize shrinking or warping.

C-If the external part of the timber !s connected with the internal part, a very bad joint may result. There will be no proper seasoning of the two pieces, and after a period of time there will be a noticeable demarcation of the whole joint.

D-In a solid panel it is necessary to have the edge straight to form a perfect joint. It is of utmost importance to see that the grain direction is alternated from each plank to the next in order to equalize the strain made by the annual rings.

E-If the grain is not alternated, the panel will have a tendency to curl. 18

Methods of Joining Boards

BASIC JOINTS

Butt joint

Rabbet joint

This is one of the simplest and most frequently used joints.

Similar to the preceding method, but less used because it is more difficult.

Dowel joint

Mortise-and-tenon joint

A common method, often used where the total area is large.

This joint is less commonly used than the one at the left.

TOhgue and groove

Feather joint

Flooring is usually made this way. It is also practical in furniture work.

This is one of the most practical ways of joining parallel planks.

Basic Joints

BASIC JOINTS

Loose tongue and groove

Shiplap joint

With edges rounded or beveled, this joint is often used in wall paneling.

This method is used extensively for siding on houses. It is easy to make a watertight joint in thi~ way.

Tongue-and-groove joint used.in drawing board

Wedge mortise and ten'on

The transverse rail is used (0 prevent warping;",

Butt joint with wedges

This method is used wlren work is to be exposed to the weather.

Butt joint with dovetail wedge

This is a good method to use with a straight joint, particularly for outside work. 20

Basic Joints

SCARF JOINTS A

The right angle scarf joint is not often used in furniture work for practical reasons: It is not strong, glue will not adhere easily to its surfaces, and the joint is always visible.

A-Zigzag scarf joint

This joint exposes more of the wood grain to contact with the glue, and is, therefore, stronger than a right-angle scarf joint. B-Dowel scarf joint The dowels strengthen the joint. Glue is used with all of these joints. C-Fork scarf joint

A good joint is obtained because the surfaces are held naturally in contact, permitting firm glue adhesion. D-Double dovetail scarf joint

This joint is used where the joint is subject to strain. E-Tension scarf joint

This jOint is held in place by wooden wedges, and is used more commonly in house carpentry than in cabinet making. Scarf Joints

RAIL JOINTS The execution of rail joints is of great importance, because these are the basic structural elements in furniture framework. Various types of straight rails and transverse rails may be used to form various types of frames, and an appropriate joint must be selected for the type of work to be done. You must consider the thickness of the straight and transverse rails, the quality of wood, and the position of the frame -whether visible or concealed. A middle rail may be added to the straight and transverse rails for extra support. The series of joints illustrated will show the various types and explain the characteristics of each.

End half-lap joint

This joint is easily constructed, but unless reinforced with pins and bolts or screws it is not very durable. It is used mostly in repair work.

" Dowel joint

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Another joint commonly used in repa,ir work. ',.;~.

- Open mortise-and-tenon joint

This joint is easy to make and is used for ordinary furniture work.

Bridle joint .

This is a joint often used by the amateur craftsman.

Stub mortise and tenon with square haunch

This is the most widely used joint in the furniture field. It has all the requisites of a perfect joint. Rail Joints

RAIL JOINTS

Bridle with groove and miter on the inner edge

Double mortise and tenon with sloping haunch

This joint can be used where work is exposed to the elements.

WEDGE -----, I

in every type of

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Miter bridle joint

Rail Joints

Miter with stub mortise and tenon

RAIL JOINTS

- - - -_ _j

SPLI NED

Miter joint with spline

Miter mortise-and-tenon joint

This joint is easy to make and is often used by the amateur craftsman.

This is a very strong joint, used for work exposed to humidity.

Miter tongue joint

Miter stub tongue joint

This is very common in standard production.

Same as miter tongue, except Jhat feather joint is invisible.

MIDDLE RAIL JOINTS

Lap tee joint

Dowel joint

This simple joint is often used by the amateur; also in repair work.

This is a good general purpose joint.

Rail Joints

MIDDLE RAIL JOINTS

Through mortise and tenon

Stub mortise and tenon

The addition of the wedge makes this a very strong joint. It is used in work exposed to weather.

This is an easily made and widely used joint.

Dovetail halved joint

Oblique dovetail joint

This method is used to strengt4en the frame where it will be subjected to un- : usual strain.

Same as dovetail stub except that tongue runs through and joint is in oblique position.

Special dovetail joint

Double dovetail joint

This joint is difficult to make and is used only for precision work.

The principle here is the same as in a single dovetail'joint. Both systems are used Jor joints subject to great strain.

Middle Rail Joints

MIDDLE RAIL JOINTS

Mortise and tenon with groove

Note that mortise and tenon are reduced in width.

Mortise and tenon with rabbet

Here is one way of joining rails to form a panel.

Double mortise and tenon I

Mortise and tenon with mitered rail and frame

Another mortise and tenon variation.

This mortise and tenon has many uses for cross-rail joints. The rail is mortised from both sides:

Cross-lap joint (1)

Cross-lap joint (2)

This easily made joint is one of the most commonly used.

Here is another application of the cross-lap principle. Middle Rail Joints

SPECIAL USES OF PLYWOOD A-Molded plywood

Light molded plywood is obtained bygluing layers of wood together in metal forms. The mold is pressed together with clamps. This method is in wide use in the production of chair seats and backs. '

------------------~ MOLDED PLYWOOD SEAT

Cylinder and cone construction

B-Cylinder with feather

C-Cone covered with plywood for c!abin,et work

For upholstery work, cardboard may be substituted for plywood. Special Uses of Plywood

EDGE TREATMENT A-Painting the edge to match the wood: This is the simplest and cheapest method.

In order to conceal the laminates in plywood or a blockboard panel, the edges must be covered with hardwood. The methods used are:

B-Veneer banding This material is now available in rolls. C-Solid edge D-Tongued, frame and grooved edge

E-Tongued edge and grooved frame

F-Edge attached with feather

I-Roll veneer is particularly suitable for curved edges.

G-Mitered edge used in fine work H-Application of hardwood edge (C-G) (solid edge shown) For fine work the corner will be formed with a miter joint.

Edge Treatment

FASTENING FABRIC TO BOARD For simple upholstery, there are several techniques for attaching the fabric to a panel. Any of the methods shown will give excellent results.

A \

_ _ _ _ _ ....1. \

FABRI C

------~

COTTON

A-Fabric tacked to the back B-A strip of wood fitted into the back

C-Solid board attached to edge D-Fabric stretched over a frame: This forms an independent panel front.

I I I L ____ ___ _

SOLID EDGES

Fastening Fabric to Board

METAL BORDERS A through D-Metal borders. and methods of fastening them to wood edges

A'_ B.,. METAL BORDER

~-----------

PLASTIC BORDERS To cover wood edges one can use either plastic material similar to that used on surfaces, and applied by the same method (E), or standard plastic borders (F). / PLASTIC BORDERS r~----------

,fE_

Metal Borders

APPLICATION OF FABRIC TO DOORS A-Application of fabric to a sliding door B-Fabric held in place on a door by molding

B fA BRIC

------,

I I I I

lole

C and D-Two methods of applying a fabric panel to a frame Application of Fabric to Doors

DOOR STOPS FOR SINGLE DOORS The basic use of single or double door stops is to seal a furniture compartment and so protect its contents from dust and other injury. Door stops also help to mask the gaps that appear when the wood shrinks. Stops are seldom used in ~ass production; to save time a straight board is used.

A WOOD OR METAL ST OP -----------------, I I

RABBET STOP

.......

"" - .

- . ' . ~( "

A-Straight board door with wood or metal stops: This is the normal method used in standard production. B-Straight stop board: A special solution, not commonly used. C-Rabbet stop on side D-Rabbet stop on door: A very good method E-Miter stop, used in fine work 56

Door Stops

DOOR STOPS FOR DOUBLE DOORS WOOD OR METAL STOP

------------------, I

A-Straight board with wood or metal stop as used in mass production B-Rabbet stops: The score in the front hides movement or shrinking of doors. C-Stop with tongue and groove: This method allows simultaneous opening of the doors. D-Variation of tongue-and-groove stop E-Isometric drawing of door, showing position of rabbet stop: The score indicated in (B) has been omitted. Door Stops

DOOR HINGES There are several methods of attaching standard doors to furniture; they vary with the type of hinge to be used. Hinges are usually fastened with screws. The common types of hinges are illustrated here and'on the following pages. Butt hinges are shown below.

Cabinet doors with butt hinges

BUTT

HINGES

(Q)

,:'

....

O·

Butt hinge~ 'ar~. iised in mass proquction. <

oJ'

@ @

o Recess doors with butt hinges: Note that side panel acts as door stop. 58

Door Hinges

DOOR HINGES

BUTT

HI N G E

LOOSE

PIN HINGE

External doors with butt hinges: Doors using this type of hinge open all the way.

Rabbet doors with butt hinges

HINGE

---v

Rabbet doors with offset hinges

cg - @ l-

I-

PIANO 0 R CONTINUOU5

Miter doors with butt hinges, used for special work Door Hinges

H I N G E

DOOR HINGES

- J OFFSET

HINGE

External door application with offset hinge

sass.

HINGES

Door application with Soss invisible hinges used in fine furniture

DOUBLE ACTION HINGE

0 .... ©

....

! Door attached with folding-screen hinges: The double action permits -complete rotation of the door. Hinges work in pairs to prevent gapping.

FLUSH

HINGE

COUNTER HINGE

Flush and counter hinges, commonly used for extension table tops, Door Hinges

TABLE HINGES CLOSED

A-Standard table hinges made to fasten extension table tops having molded edges B-Another type of extension table: The straight edges are fastened with extension hinge. Open, the extension part is flush to the surface; closed, it is flush to the edge.

OPEN

TOP CLOSED

TABLE HINGE

TOP OPEN

Table Hinges

SPECIAL HINGES

,, '~

Cabinet with three doors: Such cabinets present special problems. Here is one solution, shown with butt hinges.

..... ....... _-,.", , /

Piano hinges used with two sets of doors: This is a practical method of hiding the central divider when two sets of doors appear on the front. The hinge may be cut into segments when two doors are hinged from same post. See page 59.

Special Hinges

PIVOT HINGES

PIVOT HI N GE

A and B-Doors using internal pivots at top and bottom. Note that (B) uses a stop pivot.

PI VOT HINGE WITH STOP

C-Door installation with angle pivot hinge., With this ty,pe of pivot the door can be opened all the way.

D-Another angle pivot hinge, with a pivot of differentshape Pivot Hinges

PiVOT HINGES

A-This three-door problem has been solved by using an external pivot hinge (above left) on the two outside doors, and an internal one (above right) on the door that hides the dividing panel.

\ ,

_- /- "-

B-Use of pivot hinges on a four-door cabinet also hides the center divider.

. . ,;,~

Pivot Iiinges

DROP DOORS A drop door may use almost any type of hinge along its bottom edge. If the open door is to serve as a desk or support, it is essential to have the door held rigidly in position. This can be done by using metal supports along the outer edge. A and B-Two types of supports for drop doors, both attached with butt hinges SUPPORT

C-A simple method of using a butt hinge, without a special support. The door overhang acts as its own stop.

.....

Drop Doors

..... _--Y 65

DROP DOORS A-A combination hinge and support is used with this drop door. This is a satisfactory method so long as the door is small.

~ COMBINATION HINGE AND SUPPORT

B-Offset hinges are used in this scheme.

C and D-These .two similar drop door 1 stops are intended for use in fine furniture construction. Both employ pivot hinges hung sidewise from the sides of the cabinet.

Drop Doors

DROP DOORS A-This type of door stop is simpler to construct than the preceding two, but the difference in level between the door and the interior would be a disadvantage for some uses. B-Pivot door, suitable for dressing tables

_____ .~·IJBB.QE

FOLDING DOORS Folding doors leave free the space needed to open conventional doors. They are simple to make and to install, but the work must be done very accurately.

HINGE WITH GUIDE PIN ""'-----------..... .....

I I

,I I!

I I

" ! I ! I I I I I L _..J__..J. __ --'- _ _j

Drop Doors

SPECIAL DOORS

----,

----1

Combination drop and sliding door

. This design utilizes a pivot and a routed track.

VERTICAL SECTION

Tambour door

Another space-saving door. This type, once very popular for office furniture, is not difficult to build. 68

Special Doors

SLIDING DOORS

1-_ ________ _ I

LI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

CLEAT TRACK

GROOVE TRACK

Sliding doors also save room space, but do not allow so large an opening as do folding or tambour doors. Several methods of installing sliding doors are shown. Note that for both installation and removal of sliding doors space for clearance must be allowed in the top guide. A and B-Sliding door with cleat track and groove track

C-Easy-to-make guides, using wooden strips D and E-Metal and plastic guides

and their application F-Plate glass or thin plywood doors sliding in groove tracks

'--------WOODEN STRIPS

F CLEARANCE fO R REMOVAL Of DOORS METAL OR PLASTIC

Sliding Doors

\ \.-

----- -----

CLEARANCE fOR ...__.__-REMOVAL Of DOORS

SLIDING DOORS I

l -r=---===--r - - - ---, I I I

, I

I l!r, I I \ ..v , L ______ ..J A

fRONT VIEW A-Doors will move more easily if wheels are used. These _two methods will give very satisfactory results.

PLATE GLASS

~----------

SID E

PLASTIC OR ME. TAL ROLLERS

r-----------

BALL TRACK

r---------

/METAL

I I

B, C, D-Other methods of sliding: Irregular groove to minimize friction, ball track, and plastic rollers all make for easy sliding of the doors. 70

SI DE.

SE.CTlON

ROD

/ r----------I

,..--,

1+, I'

fRONT VIEVi Sliding Doors

DOOR CATCHES Doors may be fastened with catches, bolts, or locks. Locks, of course, require keys. Several types ·of catches are shown on this page. Bolts and locks are illustrated on the pages that follow.

PRICTIO~ CAT C H

BULLET CATCH

MAGNET CATCH RUBBER ROLLER CATCH

DOOR

Door Catches

DOOR BOLTS AND LOCKS DOOR KNOB

A-A door knob installed in position Band C-Application of flush and neck bolts to door back, for use with double doors

MORTISE

LOCK

D-The mortise lock is a common type found in fUfl1iture work. It can be used with single or double dqors and with drawers. E and F-Mortise end side lock that may be used in either doors or drawers. The keyhole should always be vertical. 72

Door Bolts and Locks

DOOR LOCKS A-The cylinder lock, standard for most doors, may be used on any type of door. Band C-Various ways of using a piano lock: (B) with sliding doors; (C) with a hinged door.

o fii

CYLINDER LOCK

_§

PIANO

LOC~ B

Door Locks

DOOR LOCKS A-This bar lock method closes both doors at the same time. Band C-Plate glass locking devices which are particularly useful: (B) is secured with screws; (C) is applied to the base of the plate glass.

7-----..i' A

PLATE GLASS

Door Locks

PULLS A through D-Many types of pulls or knobs made of wood or metal may be purchased and applied to furniture. Pulls may be used decoratively, but it is usually best to build them into the actual furniture as shown in (E).

E-Drawer or door pulls built into the furniture

I /

If. ______ _

L __ ___ _

MtTAL KNOBS

w 000 PULL

PULL

-------, I

r7I'1<:~~r---

I I

I /

\ _J.LJ.:.I1L~'_

L _____ _

METAL PULL

Pulls

L __

NUT

PULLS

A and B-Two examples of pulls cut into the bottom of a drawer C and D-Pulls built into cabinet doors E-Sliding door pulls are cut into the wood; a similar method is used for plate glass sliding doors.

c LI _____

METAL

PULLS I I I

------:1 - 'I

______ J

,,,-« ~--.

\ \

: ' :",

. " "

, _1'~

Pulls

ADJUSTABLE SHELVES Adjustable shelves have several advantages, but the chief of these is that the spacing between them may be varied to suit the objects to be displayed. These shelves are often used for bookshelves, kitchen cabinets, and china cupboards. Here are several types. Various examples of adjustable shelves: Type (D) is one of the best arrangements.

SHELVES

-----\--... -...

-y--,

,-or-- \

./ ./

I //

IL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

L: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

SHELf BRACKETS

~ ADJUSTABLE

SECTION

Adjustable Shelves

SHELf" PINS

FRONT VIEW

ADJUSTABLE SHELVES

,- AOJ\)S'TABLE. SHELF'SUPPORT AND

STANDARDS

/ J~./

":- ~

Supporting the shelves wit~~brackets offers a simple method 9;' ?uilding bookcases and similar disRlay.~spaces. Several styles of brackets are available, commercially. " . "

\ .....

~...

0 ....

t:?

BRACKET KEYHOLE

BRACKET

::J

KNife:

~ ~

Adjustable Shelves

DRAWERS A drawer is one of the most useful and important parts of furniture construction, and smooth operation of the drawer depends upon the perfect design and assembly of the furniture piece. Drawers may be hidden by doors or they may be exposed. Many solutions are possible with either design. The drawings in this section give a clear idea of their construction and application. A-Simplified drawer construction

Here is a drawer adequate for normal use which can be easily made by hand. It is designed in the form of a box without cabinet joints, and is assembled with nails. The front is attached with screws driven from the inside, so that the visible portion is unbroken '~~~~~td resembles a standard drawer. A ~ ~ c:,C~~( &.no. . pull can be attached in ex~ ~ -;ae~fy same way as for the more IJ >f cOr?plfca~d type.

r'....

/.f( uC:: • • ,

~ 'oj \ \.. k.

c "(

4 CC

)Q:.I

B_;Box.fbi t often used by craftsmen

c;;: c:

SIDE)~Ei TlON

•

.,!-cr

(j ( : :

SECTION

\....

:z: . .:..

~.r-'~-#-----l

~t~;~/~' 7.,... ~.~~

I-o.-.~........,.......~~\ ~~""""''''''''''''''''.>A.I \ I

JO\NlNG-l"Ht 1wo ORAWER-f-RO~ PIECES WITH

fOUR seRE WS PLAN VIEW

PLAN

VIEW

I I

I Drawers

DRAWERS A-Drawer constructed with dovetail joint

SIDE

SECTION

_41.

PLAN VIEW

B-For fine drawer construction the lapped dovetail joint is often used.

SIDE

VIEW

I I ___ _ ,.l_l

1- _ _ _ _

41.

PLAN VIEW

Drawers

DRAWERS A and B-Some type of dust panel is usually installed between drawers. The one shown in (A) is visible from the front of the chest; in (B) the panel is concealed by the overlapping drawer front.

C-Disappearing drawer front

SIDE SECTION

c ---- --.,I

~"'N-ir------- _.J

~~~~~~~~;;r" ./

SID E SECTION

Drawers

SPECIAL DRAWERS

MIRROR

Drop-top mirror used inside a drawer HOUSING --7 / /

CHANNEL

I RON

Drawer with vertical removable division.strips: This method uses a housing or a channel iron in the side of the drawer.

------

\ \

\\ I/

!!~~_O_'{_~~!::.~1'

----------,.._

I ......

, ' '-,

I~ Drawer with oblique 'removable division strips: Either housing or channel iron may be used. 82

Special Drawers

SPECIAL DRAWERS PENDArlEX rilE ---------.,.,..,.,.,

CLEAT ... -----

---~

,,"'"

.".

.,.,."'"

Drawer'for correspondence file. Patented hanging folders and dividers are available at stationery stores.

Drawer for file index

Chest and box drawer for wardrobe or cabinet Special Drawers

Folding drawer used for storage or stationery

) 83

SPECIAL DRAWERS A-Interior drawer for wardrobe or cabinet B-Shirt drawer C-Drawer with pull, for use as tray D-Drawer with plate glass front

PULL -----, I

I I I

PLASTIC DRAWERS

'-,

....-..

..-

4114

These drawers can be purchased in ' standard sizes, with various types of guides. Pulls and knobs can be applied to them as easily as to wooden types. These plastic drawers can well be substituted for wooden ones in many pieces of furniture. In some designs, however, the dimensions of the framework may have to be adjusted to fit the size of ready-made drawer avaihible.

Special Drawers

DRAWER SLIDES

Drawer with screwed cleat

Drawer with bottom rail

Drawer with rail on side: A mortise may' be cut in the side of the drawer to lUow the drawer to slide between two cleats attached to the side of the chest. Drawer Slides

DRAWER SLIDES

L. I _____________________ _

Rollers are used with heavy drawers.

"'s

'''t

PLASTI C OR METAL ROLLERS

..:.

Drawer with center guide: A"'g~i~e ~acilitates the travel of the draWer._. ~nd some form of guide should be included if possible.

rIeavy drawer with special ball bearing glides Drawer Slides

DRAWER SLIDES Ball bearings in bottom of drawer: This is still another way to assure an easily-gliding drawer.

DRAWER STOPS

, \

STOP FASTENED

\ \

~~D!~!.~.!~ ~J -----------, I

". I I

/ / I

I I

::.-

Drawer Slides

JOINING WOOD AND GLASS PLATE GLASS ------------7

Attaching glass, plate glass, or a mirror to wood is one of the most delicate operations in furniture construction. The possibility of breaking the glass during the working process makes it imperative that great care be taken.

Plate glass or a mirror may be attached to the wood in a horizontal, vertical, or oblique position. It may also be welded to the wood with glue or cement.

A through C-Application of the plate glass shelf: (A) shows the installation of glass with a rough edge; (B) and (C) show the method used with finished glass. D-Installing glass in a picture frame E-Rabbet frame, showing glass held in place with putty

plate

F-Plate glass in a groove

------'

PUTTY

Joining Wood and Glass

JOINING WOOD AND GLASS

_ MLR_RQJ!

A and B-There are several ways of attaching glass or mirrors to wood surfaces such as cabinet or closet doors. (A) and (B) use paper between mirror and wood surface. Glue is used in both. Large glass areas should have a molding around the edge. Mirrors may also be attached to wood by cement without a paper backing.

_P_A"'p_E_B .--T/UI<7....--

_'I{ Q.Q_Q

M1BBQ...R_ _f.b1J?1:I}v1ItlJ).QQ_B. -

C-Screws are used here to attach the mirror to the wood. Various l1).ethods may be used to attach plate glass to another surface when the glass is to be horizontal. SCREW COVER

D-Plate glass without fasteners is advisable only for large tops, where the weight of the glass will keep it in place. E-Glass with molding and recess beneath

E \

--------------------~

RECESS FOR CLEARANCE __J_.JL_JI---L..

PLATE

GLASS

G ....

..._-------

RUBBER

Joining Wood and Glass

JOINING METAL AND WOOD In the cQnstructiQn Qf furniture it is Qften necessary to. jQin WQQd and metal parts. While it is custQmary to. jQin these materials with bQlts Qr screws, special adhesives may be used instead. By means Qf glue, metal sheets can be welded to. cellular CQres to. fQrm large waterproQf panels.

SHEET METAL

r----(])

A-Three different methQds Qf jQining metal sheets to. WQQd panels: Glue may also. be used.

B I

METAL _, ~~

~t .

~_o_.9_.Q

,.!

~'. "->'V..

.. .

Band C-(B) shQWS a WQQd and metal panel in a rabbet frame with mQlding. (C) is a metal sheet in a groQved frame. I

JQining Metal and WQQd

JOINING METAL AND WOOD

_ _ _ _ _ ..l

METAL

A and B-Two different ways of attaching decorative metal strips to wood surfaces: With Method (A) the metal is easily applied, but has a tendency to pull out in time. Method (B) is preferable.

METAL PIPE

,-----,

~~~~~~~

'\.

C-Wooden arm rest fastened to tubular metal chair arm with screws

,, ""

D-Metal wire or tube fastened in wood frame by means of holes previously made in the wood

, I ...:I

Joining Metal and Wood

JOINING MARBLE AND WOOD Marble and wood may be joined in a number of ways. Basically, the methods are the same as those used with glass. Several common methods are shown on this page. Screws and bolts may also be used.

I I I I

A and B-Two simple methods of using marble tops: The example below uses a stub tenon with a mortise in the marble.

MARBLE!

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ..1

C-A short prong incased in the marble will prevent any sliding of the top.

D-A rubber cup may be sufficient to prevent the top from sliding.

MARBLE

------,

MARBLE -------7 /

Jf'::-'_~~

C \'L.Q_Q.g___ -

~ ~ ~ !':~'_/.1!:!_

c METAL PIPE

- - ... ~

---"" 92

Joining Marble and Wood

JOINING RUBBER AND WOOD Rubber is a good material to use in protecting furniture. Here are some ways it may be used. A-Flat sheet of rubber attached with adhesive B-Grooved rubber, also attached with adhesive C-A rubber dome can be attached to the undersides of stacked tables. D-A rubber dome can also be used to cushion the swing of a door.

RUBBER RUB BER -------.., I

\ \

).. I

Joining Rubber and Wood

COMMON METAL JOINTS Here are several common metal joints. Metal may be used for complete furniture pieces or for parts of furniture.

~~=-----

-J ..... - -

I I

------ --

A-Union of pipe and metal strip secured with a locking pin

Band C-Sliding metal joints: Note that either piece may be fixed in place with screws.

D-Two metal strips joined by crosslap joint

E-Two metal strips fastened with rivets

Common Metal Joints

COMMON METAL JOINTS COLLAR ,----

A-Removable pipe joints held in place with screws

B-Metal strip joint held in place with bolts

WELDED

PIPE

WEL DE D --------,

C-Welded pipe and strip joints Common Metal Joints

D-Pipe joints using screwed ends 95

JOINING PLATE GLASS TO METAL

Method of applying plate glass to metal frame CORNER BRACKETS FOR PLATE GLASS '"

---------------------------~

Glass box with wood base using metal corners

Various ways of attaching metal frames to glass Joining Plate Glass and Metal

JOINING RUBBER TO METAL

..\

RUBBER

-----..::.:.~

........... '

,~-

BACK SECTION

~-~-~------~\~------~

SIDE SEAT VIEW

A-Rubber supports can be applied between metal frame and seat, and between frame and back, to make the chair more comfortable.

"'----RUBBER

C-Rubber bumpers can be screwed to the undersides of tables to protect the tops. D-A protective rubber pad under a metal tray Joining Rubber to Metal

BONDING SURFACING MATERIAL TO PLYWOOD

VERTICAL SECTION

A and B-Surfacing materials can be applied to only one side when the frame is totally enclosed.

The sketches show the steps to be followed in attaching surface material to plywood. If the panel to be laminated is securely fastened to the frame of the cabinet, only the outer surface need be covered, but if the panel is simply to rest on the frame, a balance sheet must be applied to the under surface to prevent warpage.

I I

1. Smooth the plywood with sandpaper. 2. Cut the surfacing material carefully to size with a saw. For a clean cut use clamps and keep the saw as nearly parallel to the surface as possible. 3. Place the surfacing material on the plywood to check the fit; shave off any excess. 4. A plastic adhesive and pressure give the best contact bonding. Manufacturer's instructions should be observed. 5. Roll the surface to insure a tight bond. An ordinary rolling pin may be used. 6. When the surfacing is firmly bonded to the plywood, edges may be beveled with a file and metal molding applied, or strips of the surfacing material may be applied to the edges of the plywood. 98

! _____ :1

SUR fAe ING MATERIAL

Bonding Surfacing Material

BONDING SURFACING MATERIAL TO CURVED SURFACES BACKING SH EET TO PREVENT WARPAGE

--------------------,

----------~

PLASTIC SUR f' ACE

ADHESIVE -

--~

--7

A-A plastic sheet can also be applied over a curved surface. Follow the directions given on page 98 and keep the plastic sheet bent until the glue has dried. A wood form should be used.

B, C, and D-Three methods of fastening plastic parts to wood

NAIL

MOLDED PLASTIC Within their own domain, plastics possess at least as broad a range of properties as metals, and are capable of at least as great a diversity of compositions. In general, they have the advantage that they can be molded in forms. It is only comparatively recently that plastics have come into common use in the furniture field. Continuous research is being conducted in further development of their many uses. We do know enough about the characteristics of plastics today so that they may be used with the assurance that they will withstand wear. However, it is best to check the specific characteristics of each plastic before using it. E-Heat-treated plastic can be used to form a curve. F-A molded plastic chair: With molded plastic, any desired form can be obtained. Bonding Surfacing Material

UPHOLSTERY WORK Upholstering is an art in itself. While most other operations in furniture construction are done by machine, upholstery work is still done by hand. Expert workmen have usually served a long apprenticeship before acquiring the skill necessary for upholstering a chair or divan. There are, however, several ways that upholstery work can be done by apprentices and amateurs; for example, by substituting foam rubber for the materials used in normal work.

'!>ee detail C page 41

~----------

\1\

11\ \ 1\ \I \

I shall not go into detail about upholstering, but I have illustrated several types of frames, materials and methods of application. I have tried to simplify the presentation to enable even the beginner to understand each method. The frame, in either wood or metal, is the skeleton of the furniture piece. Upon. its construction depend both the comfort and the strength of the chair. A and B-Two different types of bench frames D-Frame for ~ebbing seat C-Round frame covered with cardboard: The. }lpholstering material is added later:

100

Upholstery Work

TYPES OF FRAMES see detdil page 25

r-----------1\

I , I

I I I

WELDED

- - - --"\ '\

I \ I

Metal frame stool for cord or canvas seat

See page 95 for details of joints. RUBBER

, ",.----------

\ \L I ____ _

WE L D EO

One example of a metal frame chair

The rubber supports between the seat and back give elasticity to the seat. Types of Frames

Common type of wooden chair frame that will take an upholstered seat

101

TYPES OF FRAMES see det'ail page 24 T----------

A-Wood frame for armchair with seat and back upholstered.

B-Frame for an upholstered office armchair. A swivel base may be substituted if desired.

I 1

\ \\ 1

\ \, I

31"

_____________'\1 'l see detail A page 41 ., ..

-- ..... 8

102

- + - - - - - 24"----_+_

Types of Frames

CHAIR AND SOFA FRAMES A-A modern armchair that will have both seat and back upholstered B-Frame for modern type of armless sofa, using an upholstered finish for back and seat

, ",

,, ~ ~ee detaIl p-a-g-.-22

\ SACk f"ABRfC - -;+----------,

12~

\ I

SEAT fABRIC

~----------

__ 2'L-----------~

16~

+------26~------+_

.... .....

.....

'-------CONCAVE RA I L

,\ \

"'------------see dt"tail A p a g l" 41

Chair and Sofa Frames

103

ARMCHAIR FRAME Frame for modern armchair, with loose seat construction. Increasing the width will convert the same design to a sofa.

t 8

\ \ \ \

30"

\,..... - - - - - - - "

- - - - - - - 15"

If: =- -=---- -= -=---=--= -=--=-=- == = "=

104

Armchair Frame

UPHOLSTERY TOOLS WEBBING STRETCHER

The tools most commonly used in upholstery are shown here.

CURVED STEE.L NEEDLE

UPHOLSTERY MALLET

RIPPER AND TACK PULLER

UPHOLSTERY MATERIALS Here are several types of springs used in upholstery work.

E.XTENSION COT SPRING

NO-SAq,A SPRIN G ZIGGER WI RE

« ~ COIL SPRINGS UpholstelY Tools

105

UPHOLSTERY MATERIALS JUT E WEBBING

HORSE HAIR

018

PADDING

hfiiiiiiS)

COTTON SEWING TWINE @5

L, Ci§J

LINEN SEWING TWINE

fA BRIC

. LEATHER

.~.

Upholstery Materials

UPHOLSTERY MATERIALS A-Rubberized hair is a light and elastic material of relative low cost which is used in mass production. It can be easily applied with staples or tacks, and is available in the same sizes as foam rubber. B and C-Foa~ rubber is made from liquid latex, which forms a cream-like foam after being put through air pressure. It is then poured into molds of desired size. In upholstery work it gives better results than stuffing, and is quicker and easier to use. Foam rubber is made in different grades of firmness, and the right grade should be selected for the job to be done. Solid-slab utility stock (B) comes in many thicknesses from ~~ in. to 1~ in. Cored utility stock (C) is molded with cylindrical openings in the core. Its thickness varies from % in. to 4Y2 in. D-Full molded cushions can be purchased in a variety of sizes and shapes. E-Cut foam rubber with either scissors or band saw. Cutting is easier if the scissors are dipped into warm water. F-Small pieces glued together with rubber adhesive to form one large piece G-Flat stock glued to a slab

H-Full cushion made from cored stock

I I

---------::.. FLAT STOCK Upholstery Materials

107

FOAM RUBBER T AC KIN G TAP E

-------------71 ", /

/ /, I

, \L

___ _

RUBBER A-Method of applying tacking tape or adpesive-backed tape around the edges of a 'oam rubber slab, using cement.

D and E-In making contoured edges the foam rubber should be cut % in. larger than the piece being upholstered.

!B and C-Two different uses of tacking ~ape: The rubber cushion is cut 'l.I in. larger

F and G-Another way of making a curved edge

than the piece it covers. ~08

Foam Rubber

SEATS The seat design is very important in upholstery work, for upon its construction depends the usefulness of the chair or divan. Each seat must be made in accordance with the type of frame to which it is attached. It may be movable or fixed, light or heavy. A wide variety of materials may be used.

A and B-Simple leather seats like these are easily installed, as the details show.

c /

£..Q_It.Q_/ ----.,I I

I I

I ,

C and D-Seats made with cord are expensive because they take time to make. Seats

109

~EATS

<\ and B-Seats made with raffia in differ!nt designs.

:-JX type of canvas seat often used with ~teel frames

)-Webbing seat used in modern furniure

STRAW RAF"F"IA I OR SE AGRASS .J/ _____________

-----------...,

\ \

'-----..:--CANVAS

. -" .;~

...'

/ ..

110

Seats

SEATS VARIATION r--------

A and B-Cane makes a good seat. Note the alternate method of attaching the cane shown in Diagram B. C and D-Two different types of upholstered seat: Cushions are permanently attached to the chair frame.

IIY

fABRIC

Seats

III

SEATS These four seats are made independently of the chair frame. In commercial work, greater speed of assembly is possible when frame and seat are made independently.

COT TON

PLYWOOD -------..,, -------7

FABRIC

-------,

NO-SAG SPRIN G

,, ,

COT T ON

. I

FABRIC

o ,

L __________ _

ANGULAR CLIP

112

Seats

SEATS Foam rubber may be used over a number of other materials. Plywood or cardboard may be used as shown in (A) and (B). Rubber over webbing is used in (C).

, \

------~

PERFORATED PLYWOOD

E811BlC ~Q!!Q.~ B'yJ!~sl3, ~BlLD_B..9.8B!} I

i, FABRIC MUSLIN COTTON WEBBING ----_ -----, ------, RUBBER -----, -----..., 'l

f))

'::fT

::-l

~'I<

S(' ?SG)« J(" .A

~10

~~ A

Seats

------~ FRAME

/ / /

L / _____ _

CARDBOARD 113

SEATS LOOSE

CUSHIONS

--------...;:::? _/'/

/ /

Rubber straps have been developed to serve as springs. The two methods shown. at right are recommended for. an.choring the straps under loose cushio~s.: .

'<~:>-:--.

:~ms

_______ .J.

METAL CLI P

fRONT

RAIL

I I

I ~!! U_B_!I ~R_ §_T~ ~!:S, I I

I SEAT- BACK RAIL

Upholstered seats require crossing and weaving of straps. The anchoring detail shown at right for side' rails can also be used for chair backs (see also p. 121).

----- - -----__/ CORNER MUST BE ROUNDED

SI DE RAIL

114

Seats

SEATS Coil spring seats covered with rubber. (A) is a tight seat. (B) is a heavy seat that is suitable for an armchair or sofa.

Seats

115

SEATS

RUBBER OR DOWN

{:1 t

30 "

10"

+ 6\\

-+------30\\ -----_+_

Loose or independent seat construction which may be used with an armchair or sqfa 116

Seats

BACKS WOOD ---------

The back of a chair is usually lighter in construction and more rigid than the seat. There are exceptions; sometimes the seat is of wood and the back is upholstered. Like the seat, the back :may be constructed in a number of ways. I have illustrated a few of the best methods.

A-Wooden wood screws

back

attached

with

B--Canvas back, with sheet metal screws inserted to keep the fabric from sliding down the metal pipe

WEBBING

C~Webbing back

D-Caneback Backs

117

BACKS

STRAW RAFFIA OR SEAGRASS

A-Straw, raffia, or seagrass used to form back.

CORD

B-Cord back, easy to make

c I

C-Simple upholstered back suitable for modern furniture

D-Wood back covered with foam rubber and fabric 118

Backs

BACKS A-Foam rubber back over webbing B-Foam rubber applied over a No-Sag spring, with spring clip attached to the frame in the usual position

C-Detail showing angular spring clip Backs

119

UPHOLSTERY DETAILS __L.8 -'~. _I! J _ £ A/,J'V""'"

_1:1_~"?_.b-_!_~

.\\0<~)CXXlll __ .c_Q.J_J_Q_~

~~~~~\-..R_~_~_~j:._R ~~m-tiQ:~_S!~~ ~?SO<~_f-.R_ -I!.-~ _!;

CARDBOARD

=-~~~~=f~~f_IA~~

~~n~.~~~~~ __ X_~~_~_LC

A-Method of applying upholstery material in the corner formed by the seat and back

-/ B fABRIC £_Q._l_!_9_~

BURLAP /

ARM FRAME BURLAP ----------HORSE HAIR

AND COTTON MUSLI N r A B RIC

B-One method of attaching the material where the arm meets the seat 120

Upholstery Details

CHAIR ANGLES Man sits to read, work, rest, and eat. For each purpose the furniture must be designed for the comfort of the sitter. Whether it be a chair, armchair, or divan, the correct angles cannot be calculated mechanically. The real proof of comfort and approved angle can be checked only from a completed model. In the examples shown I have given the basic angles which have been found to give satisfactory results.

F;-2~

C HA I R

*i. 'caO· I

DINING AND OrFICE ARMCHAIR

r 1?"

19-

122

17"

21"

1 Chair Angles

CHAIR ANGLES

UPHOLSTERED

ARMLESS CHAIR

, \ \

15"

+---25.

Chair Angles

1 123

CHAIR ANGLES

t 6"

'-; 8"~_""~-_;_,....-.22" -,-------+--j ~", :.'

\ .

30 25·/ /

30"

LOUNGE

_--_90· - ...... "

CHAIR

r 15"

28" ----+---15"---4--17" -----<I-+---------'60" - - - - - - - - - + 4--_ _ _

124

Chair Angles

SECTION 2:

Furniture designs

INSTRUCTIONS FOR READ ING DRAWINGS i

The <;lrawings used in this book have been especially planned to help the home craftsman~ visualize the finished piece, its parts, and the way they are fitted together. Each design includes (a) a complete view of the finished piece, (b) front, side, and sectional views as they would appear in a professional cabinet maker's drawings, and (c) an exploded drawing, with parts shown in detail for ordering and cutting. Accompanying instructions give step-bystep,procedure for assembly. Most of the construction details are standard, and are repeated in many different designs. Cross references clearly indicate the Instructions

I I

details to be used. Note, however, that letters identifying individual parts refer only to the design in question. Each set of drawings is accompanied by a list of materials (complete except for minor items of hardware) and a few words suggesting possible applications. Variations

The designs can be easily varied to fit individual needs by adding or omitting doors, shelves, or units. Decorative moldings may also be added, but it is not advisable for beginners in woodworking to make changes in basic construction. 125

FAMILY WORKBENCH

List 'of Materials PART

NO.

FUNCTION

thickness

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES X width X

length

top

back

V-i

35%

bottom

34lf2

side

27%

framing piece

34lf2

framing piece

34lf2

door

17V-i

partition

5lf2

, '·2

'-._:I-I' •. .

- ,_

base end

19%

base front

shelf

34lf2

drawer bottom

V-i

16%

drawer front

5lf2

17V-i

drawer back

drawer side

21%

tool rack

Instructions for Assembly 1. Join side' (D) with bottom (C), framing pieces' (E) and (F), and partition (H). 2. Fasten back (B) and base (J-K)

to frame. 3. Fasten tool rack (R) to door (G). 4. Install door (G) and shelf (L). 5. Join drawer sides (Q) with front and back (0) and (P). 6. Attach drawer bottom (M). 7. Place top (A) in position. I

126

8. Install the vise. 9. Apply finish. Family Workbench

--+

- + - - - - - - - - 48"

1.!: - -

__ 2.

I 32"

27f

0 )='j

-t- 6'-'- t - - - - -

3 6 " - - - - - - + - 6"-+

-t----24'· -~---+

32"

, , I

// /

I /

L:_ __________ _ ~ee detdil~

Family Workbench

page 29 127

PROFESSIONAL WORKBENCH

List of Materials PART

NO.

top

B B'

FUNCTION

bench stop

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES Ihiekne .. X widlh X lenglh

1V2 .

57 3

6 6

block

2V2

block

1V2

back

framing piece

2V2

framing piece

1V2

G H

leg

30V2

side piece

13V2

side piece

2V2

13V2

framing piece

14V2

. 1

bottom

4 .-

drawer side

5V2

153,4

drawer back

1814

2 , ,'2

drawer bottom

153,4

18%

drawer front

3,4

5V2

19V2

cleat

3,4

2"'~

~ q

o 0

Instructions for Assembly 1. Join legs (H) with side pieces (J) and (K). ~ 2. Join legs (H) with back (E), framing pieces (F) and (0), and bottom (M). 3. Attach framing pieces (L) and cleats (S). 4. Join top (A) to frame, insert bench stops (B), and attach blocks (C) and (D) and vise. S. Build drawers by joining sides (0) with front and back (P) and (R) and attaching bottom (Q). 6. Apply finish. 128

Professional Workbench

- + - - - - - - - - - - - 57' --------~+ ~

--u-

~---~l~I

-u

32" -

'--

L-

see detail'il page 22 - - -----

- --------, ----

'.._

Professional Workbench

129

TOOL CABINETS

-,"

'~»,

-;-t

'i~"'~

; List of M'atedals··j ;,;~"

£".

1. Join sides (C) with top and bottom (A) and (B). 2. Attach back (D). 3. Join base parts (G) and (H). 4. Instal~ doors (F). 5. Insert shelves (E). 6. Apply finish.

~'~~~ ~,<~'%_~~0" "":0.1:~~

Smaller cabinet PART

NO.

FUNCTION

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickness X width X length

top

bottom

46%

side

3,4

291,4

back

1,4

29%

47V2

shelf

46%

door

231,4

28V2

base end

base front

3,4

I I I

$e~ d~tdil 3 pdge 193 f,-- - - - - -----

1\ \

I , II II

Variation for larger cabinet C

side back

shelf

door

F ]1

\ \

'-=-::_----.-- - - - - - set' de tails page 58

Tool Cabinets

MAGAZINE RACK ~~'::;_';<I ..W;~"""I''<

•

~·,Instructions for Assembly ~~":Y~~, '

NO,

FUNCTION

side

25%

bottom

25 112

leg

114

+--10"-+

[ , ~/~~ "

,,:(

'i'

",-;;,~.. j

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickness X width X length

PART

~"/"

27"

1 l-j2~t-5"-j2(t 1 21"

Ii'_

1. Join leg pieces (C) in pairs. 2. Attach sides (A) to bottom (B). 3. Join legs to (A-B). 4. Apply finish.

18"

H1~"

2sf

~1I

._ detdil 2

'ioee detdil 1

I, I

r.------\

I \ I \

.1 1

Magazine Rack

131

TEA TROLLEY

J,~29" 6f

~' ~ ++-_ _ 16" --~+I -+3"

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickness X width X length

PART

NO.

shelf

side rim

end rim

rail

3Y2

brace

15%

handle bar

% (diam.)

framing piece

whee_1

5 (diam.)

FUNCTION

+-1

1. Join shelves (A) with rims (B) and (C). 2. Join rails (D) and (E) and brace (F). 3. Join handle bars (G) and framing piece (H) with rails (D) and (E). 4. Fasten wheels (J) to rails (E). 5. Fasten shelves (A) to frame with wood screws.

6. Apply finish.

!lecHon '""~~~ de tcs i I 132

Tea Trdllely

TELEPHONE CABINET

NO.

FUNCTION

shelf

3,4

side

3,4

back

',4

C 0

detail 1

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickn ... X width X length

PART

15 15 14% 134

16V2

20 19 24

1. Join shelves (A) to sides (B). 2. Install back (C). 3. Join legs (D) in pairs, and attach assembly to sides (B). 4. Apply finish.

see d~tai I 3 page 193 !t' - - - - - - _ - -- _-'\ "

'\ I

\ \

, \ ,

\ \ \

\ \

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _l

see detail 2 page 131 3'.

D~r

-: 1"

.t+--,,---1s'·---ft-

8" bottom of I~g

Telephone Cabinet

133

FLOWER BOX

,---

screw \

li~t of Mate;ials ' j

1etdil 1

- . "

~ r'

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickness X width X length

PART

NO.

FUNCTION

side

28%

7V2

28%

15 1

bottom

3,4

end

4 40

leg

strip

~lnstructio~s-fdr:Ass~ml)i~J

1. Join sides (A) with bottom (B) and end (C). 2. Fasten strips (E) to sides (A). 3. Join legs (D) in pairs, and attach assembly to side (C). 4. Apply two !Foats of roofing cement to inside of box. 5. Apply finish to exterior.

~---- 30" ---~I4-~

1 134

Flower Box

END TABLE 1

List of Moter'iols .

PART

NO,

'. DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickness X width X length

FUNCTION

shelf

side

13 13 13 2%

side

2V2

side

2V2

support

pedestal

C D

F G H

1 2 2 2 2 2

18 24 30 18 24 30 22 22

Instructions for Assembly /

L Attach sides (D), (E), and (F) to shelves (A), (B), and (C). 2. Join supports (0) with pedestals (H). 3. Fasten supports (0) to sides (D), (E), and (F). 4. Apply finish.

SeE' detail 1

detail 1

~E \

______ ~~ i Sf'£' d£'tails i page241

-+-

+22

r 25"

2"2 ~'"

16" End Table 1

135

END TABLE 2 ..

, ,,_.

~'"

list of Materials ~

,.';;,'

PART

• Z;"

NO.

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickne .. X width X length

FUNCTION

15 15 1V-! 1V-! 1V-! 2 1V2 2

top

support

leg

1V-! 1V-! 1V-!

rail

15 , 30 7V-! 16 V-! 24V-! 12V2

13 25

1. Join legs (D) and (E) to rails (F) and (G). 2. Join cross rail (H) to end rails (F). 3. Attach top (B). 4. Join support (C) to top (B). 5. Fasten top (A) to rail (G) and support (C). 6. Apply finish.

, I

I I

_ _ _ _ _ _ __l_

. 0

wood strew

4----------30-'--------~ -t3"+---- 27"------t-

E\ \ \

/~-; I ~

II \I

1,1

----------y see detail 1 page137

'TIIT' II

I~=====-=~=-==-=:::.=il

1.....I-&I_ _ _- ' - -_ _ _..... )J,LoJ

rlr~t: 2~

+--11"--+

_/tI

'----15--··,--,

136

j_£' 0

1t'

ti 1 1

1~'

1-!' 4

16+

r1 '£'

1--_ _ _ _ _ _---1

t 1 17"

End Table 2

END TABLE 3

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickne .. X width X length

PART

NO.

FUNCTION

top

3,4

rail

3,4

12%

leg

16%

rail

3,4

1. Attach legs (C) to rails (B). 2. Attach cross rails (D) to end rails (B). 3. Fasten·top (A) to rails (B) with wood screws. 4. Apply finish.

\ \

\ / \ I ~ ..\ /

IL ______ _

'!.u detail 1

t[~

detail 1

---- --~

--~-- -~ ~1

12~' i .t====================l I I

if.L __ ~ ___________ ~ j •P

11' 1~

24~'---++-,_

1~ 1i

r j

+ - - - - - 3 0.. _ _ _ _

End Table 3

L ,

r 16~

~1_+__--15.

-_+_

137

COFFEE TABLE 1

PART

NO.

FUNCTION

top

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickneu X width X lengfh

3,4

leg

brace

rail

detail 1

bottom of leg 1. Join legs (B) with braces (C). 2. J ojri legs (B) with rails (D). 3. Attach top (A) to (B) and (C) with wood .screws.

4. 'Apply finish.

+--12"--+

D "t ~ , 2 .Wi. ='.

+-- 13''---+

:1~

-+:,-,..----

18'·--___.,_ 15"

48"

-+4'+- - - - - - 4 0.. -------+4'~

17"

1 138

Coffee Table 1

COFFEE TABLE 2

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES

PART

NO.

A B

C 0

FUNCTION

thickness X width X length

top

rail

2% 30

rail

leg

15V2

1. Join legs (D) with rails (C).

2. 3. Apply finish. 4. Set plate glass top (A) in place.

r 1

=r 1' 3{' ~

16"

10' 15"

18"

4- I"

~ ..I

+----,,----::--.- 30"

. 1Si" . helided ndit

,-----,

1i ,s-

LiU:az . .

rub be r-

29" 42"

t2t2~~

y-- 13'---+

o dt'tail 1

Coffee Table 2

139

SIDE TABLE

de tail 1

42" -

1'1

+-15-+

+=+-

IDllDl?D~1 'ART

30"

FUNCTION

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickness X width X length

top

3,4

rail

3,4

rail

2 4

bottom

side

% Y2

1 2 1 1

drawer front

3,4

drawer side

drawer bottom

drawer back

NO.

J K

leg

42 4 23 4 1i 2Y:z 30 12 13 4 12 3% 13 3Y:z 11% llY:z 12Y:z 3 12%

,, '

o :/ " ," , ,. , I

",' ", ", ,~

[------ ----!>ee de tdil 1

140

Side Table

EXTENSION DINING TABLE

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES

PART

FUNCTION

NO.

thickness

width

length

top

3,4

28 ',4 37~

extension top

leg

side rail

E, E'

end rail

3V2

25Y2

rail

26V2

guide

extension support

114

c bottom of "0

Extension Dining Table

141

de ta i I

- - - - - - 4 2 " ------,.----+--- 14" )

. I I

I I I

I I

: I

I I

. -----~ I I I I

I I

II_______ ._______________ .:-:dJL .u: I: _______ I

•

------42"

I I

-+------- 30"

o 29"

142

Extension Dining Table

Instructions for Assembly

1. J oJn legs (C) with side rails (D).

2. Join rails (E) and (F) with (C-D). 3. Fasten guides (G) and top (A) to frame with wood screws. 4. Insert extension supports (H) and extension top (B).

5. Apply finish.

(~ o-+-t_3·_____ 31~ _____3_,'+f-~~!3f 28~

I / /

wood screw

--- -- -----< ,, I

I L

I I I

e I I'

ll,

I I I I

II II

II II ,/ II / I

[.----;------!:lee de tdll 1 page 142

Extension Dining Table

c 143

TELEVISION TABLE

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES NO.

"'RT

FUNCTION

thickn... X width X length

top

block

leg

Cut diagonally to make four. Four pieces cut from one sheet of plywood.

1. Join legs (C) with top (A). 2. Attach corner block (B) to (A) and (C). 3. Apply finish.

I I

I \

\ 'L. I ___ _

~trew\

31..___c____ ---- .... _

.,.-",_.- '

r<:-I I

I I I I

I I

'- .... r~~'",~t>::'

3 ," 18" ---+4+1 \22" ----+~

I I

I 22"

1 44

Television Table

RECORD' STORAGE CABINET

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickn ... x width X length

PART

NO.

FUNCTION

top;

3,4

shelf

3,4

34%

bottom

3,4

34%

side

3,4

2514

back

25% 35%

partition

10 3/.1

partition

153,4

leg

13,4 (Diam.)

1. Join shelf (B) with partitions (F) and (G). 2. Join bottom (C) with partitions (G); sides (D). 3. Attach top (A) to (F) and (D). 4.: Fasten back (E) and legs (H) to bott9m (C). 5.: Apply finish.

+---.,----- 36" - - - - - _ + _

Fi===~;:::;r:r::=:::::;:r====n=~

+-11" -+-5"+

11i"

f 1~'

H 34"

+ 8"

Record Storage Cabinet

145

RADIO CABINET 1

List of Materials DIMENSIONS IN INCHES PART

NO.

FUNCTION

thickness

width

length

lid

17'4

30%

lid

17'4

back.

46V:z

front

10'4

46V:z

side

partition

9V:z

16V2

bottom

16V2

46V:z

support

1!1

motor board

16V2

rail

2V:z

brace

leg

Instructions for Assembly 1. Join bottom (G) with (C) and (D). 2. Install partition (F) and sides (E). 3. Attach cleats (H) to box and fasten motor board (J) to (H). 4. Attach lids (A) and (B) to back (C) with hinges.

146

5. Attach braces (0) to legs (P). 6. Fasten legs (P) to rails (L) and .(M). 7. Join cross rail (K) to end rails (M). 8. Fasten leg assembly to cabinet with wood screws. 9. Apply finish and install equipment. Radio Cabinet 1

see detdils page 58

,-----------II

"\'\' ""

\\\

t 11"

13" I'ZDlf

-+3"+,. - - - - -

42"

-------+3'+._ , I.

-l~-+l-- 16" - - - H -

-+----18" - - +

"I, I, "

"0 J" J II II

~~------~~----------------

lj""

15"

+ - - - - - - - ' - - - 48" Radio Cabinet 1

30~

1 147

RADIO CABINET 2

list of Materials PART

NO.

fUNCTION

thickness

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES X width X

longth

top

18-

bottom

46%

shelf

17%

46Y2

side

22~

back

22%

47%

partition

9Y2

17%

11~

partition: .' front

'9%

30%

door

11~

door

11 ~

23~

drawer back

drawer side

17%

drawf;lr front

9Y2

motor board

cleat

leg

148

Y2 2 (diam.)

17 4

Radio Cabinet 2

• I• • •I

y. il

23"

Jl~ -+- 'it

36"

6"'-4-

l 18"

It~

15"

30~

!I~ 48

1 "(II

27"

detail 1

Spe6ker cabinet

See list of materials and instructions for assembly page 151; for legs see page 150. Radio,Cabinet 2

149

hole'!> for ventila~ion ,/~----------

•

'!>ee detail'!> pag() 29

--r------------

I I I

'!>eEl dEltail!. page 58

--'\'"--\

--- -----

, \

! -

---

Instructions for Assembly

1. Join top (A), bottom (B), and shelf

(C) with sides (0) and partitions (F) and (G). 2. Fasten back (E) and cleats (Q) to (0) and (F). 3. Fasten legs (R) to bottom (B). 4. Attach front (H) to bottom (B) with hinges. 5. Join sides (M) of record player drawer to back and front (L) and (0). 6. Fasten motor board (P) to (L-M-O). 7. Install sliding doors (J) and (K). 8. Apply finish. 9. Install equipment. 150

Radio Cabinet 2

19 . I

SPEAKER CABINET

.... -

--_

" "-

\ \

, '......

"'----_""

r---------l I

L ________ _jI

-t-- 12~--+

28"

-list of Materials PART

fUNCTION

NO.

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickness X width X length

top

341,41 26%

side

bottom

26V2 30%

bock

3,4

. toeplote 2

molding

%; 30V2

molding

%i 25%

V V'

1 For variation on page 149 use 31 'A.

; 26%

2 For variation on page 149, substitute legs (R), page 148.

I \ \ v_____ _

Instructions for Assembly

molding

1. Join top (Q) and bottom (S) with sides (R). 2. Attach cleats (V), back (T), and toeplate (U). ~. Apply finish. 4. Line speaker enclosure with insulation. S. Inptall equipment. 6. Install baffle (T). 7. Apply protective fabric over (T) and cover tacks with molding (V_V/). Speaker Cabinet

151

OPEN-SHELF BREAKFRONT

dlltail

PART

NO.

dlltail

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES !"ieknon X wid!" X leng!"

FUNCTION

shelf

top

bottom

43Y2

side

% 1,4

211,4

21 V2 44V2

back

shelf

separator

14% 43V2

partition

door

% 3,4

143.4 15 3,4 22 3,4

door

15% 213.4

43V2

drawer front

drawer back

% 1,4

141,4

20~8

,14 3,11

drawer bottom

drawer side

supports

% - 11,4

21%

3Y2 20Y2

IVarlahon: .. Ca b'Inet Wit . hout. d rawers

Eliminate drawer parts and partitions (G) and (H). Revise doors as follows: J and K 2 ~

3,4

doors

1 ,11

20V2 2P,4

•

-Instructions for Assembly . i

I 1

I ,I 'L _______ _

wood screw

152

{~;

1. Join top (B), bottom (C), and separator (G) with partition (H), side (D) and back (E). 2. Join supports (Q) in pairs. 3. Fasten (Q) to shelves (A) and side (D). 4. Join drawer side (P) with front and back (L) and (M). 5. Install drawer bottom (0). 6. Insert shelf (F) and drawers. 7. Apply finish. Open-Shelf Breakfront

Q ~.!~etaiI1 page152

--------" /,

"" Q ""

',\1

,,\1

LI ________ _

',\1\L/ ___ --. ________ _

see details page 79

see detcul 2 page 152

1t'

1t-----45 ---:..._

." . "1i -++-12 -#-

+-----4~:'-·------+

-t-15 -+

-T

71"

I 0

Open-Shelf Breakfront

. . . .

4-la' +

0 0

1/" 153

CABINET 1

Instructions for Assembly

list of Materials

'<.'

'>~"

',.,

';..!

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES

PART

NO.

FUNCTION

thickness X width X length

1. Join top (A), bottom (B), and

separator (K) with sides (C) and partitions (D). 2. Install back (E). 3. Attach cleats (G) to sides (C) and partitions (D). 4. Fasten panels (J) to doors (H). 5. Fasten doors (H) to frame. 6. Install shelf (F). 7. Join drawer sides (0) with front (L) and back (M). 8. Install drawer bottom (P). 9. Join top and bottom (Q) and (R) to sides (T) and back (U). 10. Fasten doors (V) and (W) to frame. 11. Apply finish. 12. Set both pieces on bench.

top

42 40%

bottom

side

15' 21 %

--------------------------D 2 partition %

14% 20V2

back

21 % 41 V2

shelf

cleat

door

panel

9% 12

13 %

13 15%

separator

14%

drawer front

drawer back

3% 12M!

drawer bottom

12% 14%

drawer side

14%

top

bottom

22%

side

back

9% 23%

sliding door

u v w

154

11 %

+-10~-+

1. . 1 1S!

d~tall

1 +--13---+ door sec t ion door front view

Cabinet 1

\ 0)

J l

\ 0)

\ I

'----.:...

1 ~

42"-

•

6 0"

-r3~-------------

.- I-

~-~

I I I

12" 12"

24'U

10"

1-11

..... I

I I I

13" 15"-

I I

1--

11"

see detail 3 page 193 ~:::::.:---

" I'

.......

-- -------

_....

I I

f ! I I

I I

fPg I

-----------_/ bench see page164 Cabinet 1

--- _ -~..:. _ - - - - - y

see detail 1 page 1S4

155

CABINET 2

list of Materials FUNCTION

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickne .. X width X length

PART

NO.

top

bottom

58%

side

20%

back

20% 59%

173,4 19%

partition

3,4

shelf

door

19Y2

cleat

Y:z

drawer bottom

1,4

18% 171,4

drawer side

drawer back

4% 17% 4% 18Ys

drawer front

3,4

4"¥s 19

cleat

brace

leg

11,4

rail

11,4

12Y2

% 17%

Variation: Cabinet without drawers. \

Eliminate drawer parts; add additional shelf (F) and additional door (G). For support use bench on page 164. I

bottom of ltog

Instructions for Assembly

1. Join top (A) and bottom (B) with sides (C), partitions (E), and back (D). 2. Attach brace (Q) to leg (R). 3. Attach (Q-R) to rails (S). 4. Fasten leg assembly to cabinet. 5. Attach cleats (H) and (P) to sides (C) and partitions (E). 6. Join drawer side (L) with back (M) and front (0). 7. Install bottom (K). 8. Install door (G). 9. Apply finish. 10. Insert shelves (F) and drawers. 156

Cabinet 2

\ee detail 3 page 193

,f\----------

I'" \ \

I '

I I

I' I

°t~ t

_______ j

\\11

\l"e dl"~ail

•

21" ;

+33 12-1 +,

so"

•

-+s" Cabinet 2

+-t8'~

• • •

•

48-

k- _b_! ~ ~ ~ _\!! _P~ '!_l"_ '_6~_

21",

32"

+11" 6'+ -+ ;y-15" -V-

1 157

DESK 1

PART

NO.

1 2 4 2

FUNCTION

3,4

side rail

2Y2

leg

3,4 3,4

2% 2 83,4

top

cross rail leaf

E F

G H

1 2 2 2

side

% %

front, back

partition

v.. 3,4

bottom

leaf

bottom

0 p

2 2 2

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickness X width X length

side front, back partition

% % % v..

8 4v.. 4v.. 33,4 133,4 13 11 11

29% 46 26 17 17 16 16 9 8% 22 16 16 14 13%

1. Join legs (C) with cross rails (B). 2. Join rails (D) with legs (C). 3. Attach bottom (F) to sides (G) and front and back (H). 4. Insert partitions (J). 5. Fasten leaf (E) to side (G). 6. Join bottom (L ) to sides (M) and back and front (0). 7. Attach leaf (K) to side (M). 8. Insert partitions (P). 9. Fasten top (A) to rails (B). 10. Attach compartments to frame with wood screws. 11. Apply finish.

I I I

bottom of leg

detdil 1

158

Desk 1

- -----r----, 52" -

):-

- - + - - - - 22" ------1"-

I r·,_--J

r l..._ J~J

L-n

n u

...

l ~ I

I I

[::~--

Ii-

e~~====~l

' :

-...:====::r::i ----------------:.:1=-----29 11

Desk 1

I r=====-==--=J 17"

II ---=.- II

42'~~"-+3'

-----, I

I -- ---------

14" --+

2!!'2-

159

DESK 2

list of Materials DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickne.. X width X length

PART

NO.

top

rail

11M

brace

leg

1v..

2% 28.1M

side

bottom

13Y2 23

back

3,4

13Y2 15%

support

% 20 3A

drawer fron'

13%

drawer back

3Y2

12%

drawer side .

21%

drawer bottom

21%

fron'

10% 13%

back

side

10% 12% 10 3A 21%

parHtion

FUNCTION

13Y2

284 de ta i I

0 ++ 1"

lnstructio'ns for Assembly

1. Attach legs (D) to rails (Bf 2. loin rails (B). 3. loin braces (C) toraHs (B). 4. Fasten top (A) to frame with wood screws. S. Join compartment top and bottom (F) and drawer support (H) to compartment sides (E) and back (G).

6. Fasten drawer supports (K) to sides (E). 7. Construct drawers by joining sides (T) with front (Q) and back (R), and attaching bottom (P) and partition (U). 8. Attach drawer compartment to rails (B). ,9. Apply finish. 160

Desk 2

o \

, \ \\ \

\ , \\

o ',\ \

'~3 ________ !tee detail 1

r- - - -- -- -- -- - - ----- -- - - -I I

I I

1 I

(

-----1 I

I I I

I L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1 I ________ I ,

.J-_ _ _ I

24 - - - - +

1 ~

IT I

. 29"

Desk 2

• I'I

t\ 3"

4 5"

I 0

,,"

161

STOOL

ART NO. -----

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickness X width ~ length

FUNCTION

top

13%

22%

side

-4

leg

rail

foam rubber

13% 22V2

15"

12"

1·

20" ," 22i

1"If

,.1"

14" 16"

~-~

It :

I I

/, I

' /

/~ /

/ /

/ // I //

IL.~ _ _________ _ see de t ai I 1 page 190

bottom of leg

1. Join sides (B) with legs (C). 2. Attach rails (0) to (B-C) . . 3. Apply finish. 4. Apply foam rubber (E) to top (A). 5. Fasten (A) to frame . .62

Stool

BENCH 1

PART

NO.

FUNCTION

A B

see detail 1

:'l

1\-------

,' \

top

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickneu X width X length

2% 34

rail

leg

1514

brace

2V2

cushion'

E ) Foam rubber.

", \\,

-------;- -----~

see detaIls page- 26

I~~<G?~I C

1. Attach legs (C) to rails (B). 2. Join rails (B). 3. Attach braces (D) to rails (B). 4. Fasten top (A) to frame. 5. Apply finish. 6. Add cushion (E). ell' tai I

18"

16"

~ ~6"

Bench 1

't 36" 48"

6"4-

15"

1 163

BENCH 2 dt"tail 1

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickn... X width X length

ART

NO.

FUNCTION

top

rail

2V2 3.4

leg

15%

brace

cushion 1

.48

60 '

.48

dt"tail 2

1 Foam rubber.

rariation: Bench for furniture base. A.

top

side rail

leg

end rail

rung

9 2% 2%; 11 % (diam.) 12

1. Attach legs (C) to side rails (B). 2. Attach (B-C) to top (A), end rails (D), and rungs (E). 3. Apply finish. 4. Add cushions. :;4

Bench 2

~l"_~_ C!e_t~~ ,//

! --pagl" 164 ----

t·

+--13"

12"

-+ -_

{

12 9"

~ ++-6~W . -

........

60"

18"

60"

'fxI

12"

i l~~

{ 9~

1" -r

13"

18"

2Ld

TcA r ,"

1J -=-------J.u

42"

-H ~--'6" ~.-~, ..I "'-t

I·

_ _ _ _ ____.L__

i'f

t rt 3"

'18"

Bench 2

165

SECTIONAL BOOKCASE detdil 3 page 193 -see-----------;.71'

detclil

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES PART

NO.

side

22V2

back

1f.&

11 V2

23%

top. bottom

shelf

10V2 11%

cleats

V2 11

FUNCTION

thickne.. X width X length

-+-12''--+

->-12'--+

24" 1. Join sides (A) to top and bottom (C). 2. Attach back (B). 3. Attach cleats (E) to sides (A) and shelf (D). 4. Apply finish.

For bench shown in smaller drawing. ·see page 164. 166

________~ ~I

3" L -______

Sectional Bookcase

PART

CHAIR

NO.

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickness X width X length

FUNCTION

(all)

Enlarge drawing of parts and trace on plywood as indicated.

1. Join center piece (A) with cross piece (B). 2. Fasten braces (E), (F), and (G) to center (A). 3. Attach back (C) to brace (G). 4. Fasten seat (D) to (A-B). 5. Apply finish.

13li

31"

17r"2-

y--14"

Chair

11 1" 167

DINING SET 1: TABLE

List of Materials PART

NO.

FUNCTION

1 2 4 2 2

top

B C D

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickne.. X width X length

side

leg

114 114 114

1% 60 214 2814 514 45 3 25

side rail end rail

Instructions for Assembly 1. Join top (A) to sides (B). 2. Attach legs (C) to side 'rails (D) and end rails (E).

3. Fasten top (A) to end rails (E). 4. Apply finish.

168

Dining Set 1: Table

'!lee detail 1

------~

detail 1

~ __~~~!~n~p~~~3!

31~'

29"

, -, I

J J

,I I

:C I I

bottom of leg

-t- 6'·-+-------'-----

t ~--~----~--~--_r--------~r_

S'·

1 23'

. Dining Set 1: Table

169

DINING SET 1: ARMCHAIR

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES I'ARl

NO.

fUNCllON

thickness )( width X length

leg

19%

seat

seat'

19%

leg

arm

1 Y2

rail

19%

rail

19%

rail

1 Y2

15Y2

detail 1

Foam rubber.

1. Attach rails (D) to legs (A). 2. Attach legs (C) to arms (D). 3. Attach cross rails (G) to end rails (F). 4. Join back rails (E) and end rails (F) to (A-C-

D). 5. Apply finish. 6. Apply upholstery to seat (B). , 7. Attach seat (B) to rails (F) and (G). 8. Apply upholstery to back. /

-+---- 22" - - - - + -

-+-_ _ _ 21~ ----+

-R-

1""

f~'jF¥J IR¥+a t1~

-+---14"--T-

24"

t2"

#iW~e;;. .

-+---- 19~; ---+

. 1_Lm~~~t31" 6======1 17"

1 170

Dining Set 1: Armchair

detdil

see detail 1 page 174

!\-- --- - -- -- - - ---

, \

\I ,\ ,

,, ,, ,

I \

1/ I I

\ \

/ I I I

C \\ I

I I

'L _______ _

l _______ _ ~ee detail

see d e t d i I 2

upholstered 'bae k

Dining Set 1: Armchair

171

PART

DINING SET 1: SIDE CHAIR

NO.

FUNCTION

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickne.. X width X length

leg

rail

3,4

rail

3,4

114

leg

seat

seat'

, Foam rubber.

see detail 1 page 174

,------------\,

\~,

,' " , ,I \, 't

14"

I--

17" 1+--17"----+1. Join legs (A) with rails (B). 2. Attach legs (E) to rails (B). 3. Attach rails (C), (D) to (A-B-E). 4. Apply finish. 5. Apply upholstery to back and foam rubber to seat. 6. Attach seat (F) to rails (C).

172

Dining Set 1: Side Chair

DINING SET 2: SIDE CHAIR

Im<:iJ~1 '.4RT

NO.

FUNCTION

rail

leg

rail

G G'

seat seat'

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickness X width X length

1(2

% V2

4 32 1% 17% 16 2 14 2 34 16 15% 18 15 34 18

1 Foam rubber.

uphol 'i>t ere d

1. Join legs (B) and legs (C) to rails (E) and (F). 2. Attach rails (A) and (D) to sides (B) and legs (C). 3. Apply finish. 4. Apply upholstery (G') to seat (G). 5. Fastenseat (G) to rails (D).

'i>eat

'i>ee detail 1 page 174

-----------"1 "

I I

,', , I

---

lS"

+ - - - 21" - - - + Dining Set 2: Side Chair

+---18"---+

173

DINING SET 2: ARMCHAIR

17~ ~I

Add the following pieces to the list on pa_ge 173: NO.

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickness X width X length

FUNCTION

arm

11,4

arm support

11,4

-I;'

•

~:I

14V2

, I~stru~tio~~ for A~se~bly I~ •

)

•

~"~ "

~ ~

I. Join sides (B) and legs (C) with rails (E) and (F). 2. Attach rails (A) and (D) to sides (B) and legs (C). 3. Attach arms (H) to supports (1) and ,fasten (H-J) to (B) and (E). 4. Apply finish. 5. Cover seat (0) with upholstery. 6. Attach seat (0) to rails (D). 174

Dining Set .2 : Armchair

!>ee detail 1 page 174

------------") I'

detail

+--,----17"--_+_ 4"-+ +1+-1- - 18" -----+-+1"

-----

------

32~

18"

+1-+-___

-+----- 21" ___ Dining Set 2: Armchair

20,,_ _

-+ 175

DINING SET 2: TABLE

PART

NO.

FUNCTION

1 2 4 2 2

top

C 0

1 ~c

see detail 2 --------"

.r'

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickn ... X width X length

3,4

end

leg

11,4

rail

11,4

2 36 21,4 29 42 3 19 3

brace

52%

1. Attach leg·s (C) to cross rails (D). 2. Fasten rails (0) together at notch 3. Attach braces (E) to rails (0). 4. Fasten ends (B) to top (A). 5. Fasten top (A) to rails (0) with wood screws.

6. Apply finish ..

detail 2

4-----36"---+

176

Dining Set 2: Table

EASY CHAIR

+- 7"

r"tmrc:1l~ 1 NO.

FUNCTION

back leg

19%

front leg

1% 20% 2

22%

arm

support

top

20V2

20%

front rail

back rail

2 2

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickne .. X width X length

PART

21"

side

3,4

19%

side rail

13"

16"

fI'

- + - - - - 258 - - - - 4 . -

7 yd. common webbing; 4 yd. "No-Sag" spring; 20 extension springs; 21/2 yd. fabric; 1 piece foam rubber 1 in. thick and 23 x 40 in.

23"

1. Attach back legs (A) and front legs (B) to arms (C). 2. Attach support (D) to front legs (B).

3. Apply finish. 4. Join sides (H) with top (E) and back rail (G). . 5. Attach rails (F) and (G) to side rail (K). 6. Apply webbing to back, and springs to seat. 7. Attach upholstery material. 8. Bolt back rails (G) together. 9. Attach assembly (A-B-C) to back (H) and side rail (K). Easy Chair

177

detail

S(>E'

de tail 1

,---------

detail 3

detail 2

178

Easy Chair

TWO OR THREE SEATER SETTEE

Use list given on page 177, with these variations: Two Seater Settee PART

NO.

FUNCTION

support

top

back brace

front rail

2 2 2

back rail

70V2

Additional materials for 2 Seater

70V2

13 yards webbing; 8 yards No-Sag spring; 30 ex'tension springs; one piece rubber I ~ in. thick and 40 by 49 in.; 4~ yards fabric.

24 20

Three Seater Settee 0

support

top

front rail

back rail

seat brace

back brace

+- 7"

21"

11,4

+ - - - - - 24" - - - - +

2V2 72%

seat brace

11,4

2% 4 6% 4

F L

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickne .. X width X length

2V2 48%

2% 46V2 4 48 ~% 46% 24 4 20 ~ I

Additional materials for 3 Seater

20 yards webbing, 12 yards No-Sag spring; 50 extension springs; one piece rubber 1 ~ in. thick and 40 by 73 in.; 6~ y~rds fabric. For both pieces follow instructions on page 177.

4Sf 2 S(taITl~ 1,18 ~" -+-4~--------- 721" 3 Seater" - - I

r-,

1 1

;: I

) !f

j-J

rl :

29"

M/ L

Two or Three Seater Settee

179

t - - - - - - 28"------+

72"

I J

29"

22"

_.1_

48"

1 1

!, I

13"

29"

16" I I

Armless Chair, 2 or 3 Seater Settee

181

ARMCHAIR

thickness

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES X X width

arm

114

back leg

114

4V2

front leg

114

21%

rail

side

side rail

top

21 Va

back rail

2V2

21 Va

front rail

21 Va

support

PART

NO.

FUNCTION

J K

length

Also required: 7 yds of common webbing; 4 yds of No-Sag spring; one piece of foam rubber lYz in. thick and 23 in. by 21 in.; and one rubber cushion 5 in. thick and 22 in. by 23 in. ~~..;

.:t.r~.

.~ ~

::-.-.... -" ~

.... ~--

. ..

:' ~ _ • .r

- .'

1. Join arm (A) with legs (B) and (C). !2. Join legs (B) and (C) with rails (D).

3. Apply finish. 4. Join sides (E) to side rails (F). 5. Join (E-F) with top (G), back rail (H), and front rail (J). 6. Install support (K). 7. Install webbing and No-Sag springs. 8. Apply upholstery and fasten upholstered seat and back to frame. 9. Install cushion. 182

Armchair

set" detail 1 page 178

r - - - - - ._- - - - - - I \

see detail 4

G '.

r-------

!ocrt"w ~----

p age 180

I I

, ,,

\ \

ID"

t \........

.: . +L--------'' 4-----24"---~

12J

26" 2"

t· t

+ a"

+ [ t 5-

]

130"

23"

10"

30"

Armchair

1~"

4 4 - - - - 23" ---~

183

BED SETTEE

mmeJ~ DIMENSIONS IN INCHES PART

NO.

side rail

3V2 74

end rail

3% 30

seat

leg rail

cleat

leg

2V2

back support

2 21

corner block

side

brace

back rail

3% 72

fUNCTION

thickness X width X length

28 70 28

1'4

d eo t a i I

back rail

5% 72

-r-v-r I I

back support

(foam rubber)

1'4

(rubber mattress) 5

-- 74. 30

Seven yd. fabric; ten yd. webbing 1 Cut diagonally to make four.

I I

I I I I I

~-c=::~~~ I I I

1. Join side rails (A) with end rails (B). 2. Attach leg rails (D) to side rails (A). 3. Install corner blocks (J). 4. Fasten legs (G) to leg rails (D). 5. Attach cleats (E) and (F) to rails (A) arid

(B).

6. Join sides (K) and braces (L) to back rails (M) and (0). 7. Apply upholstery. 8. Bolt back support (H) to side rail (A). 9. Attach seat (C) to frame. lO. Fasten back support (P) to upholstered back and to support (H). 11. Install mattress. 184

Bed Settee

t-- S " - + - - 23" - - - +

74" - - -

t 11"

I I ~I

7'2."'

OPEN fOR BED

see detail 1 page 184

..,------- - - - - - -

dE'tail

••

J ~

\ It

. J / \ 1/

-T..Ji:.-, -see dl?tdll 2

Bed Settee

185

DRESSING TABLE 1

NO.

PART

E F

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thielen.1I X width X 1.ngth

fUNCTION

top

bottom

40%

end

I I

4% 41%

leg

cross rail

I I I

I I I I I I

end rail

drawer front

3% 13

drawer side

3% 13%

drawer back

drawer bottom

frame

1% 21

2, -"--frame. ~

1 . mirror

Q .'Or

R'- ',:

1% 16

mirror back

par~ition

3% 13%

,, I

: ' I

Mil, I

I I I

I I :

12%

12% 13%

r------

I I I

back

1M I RROR I

PLYWOOO

r------

I , ).

6lI

It(.

., .; \

~ ~

f· I I I

, , I

I I

E: I

bottom of leg 186

1. Join top (A) a"nd bottom (B) with ends (C), partitions (R), and back (D). 2. Attach legs (E) to end rails (G). 3. Attach cross rail (F) to end rails (G).

4. Fasten legs (E) to bottom (B) with wood screws. 5. Join drawer sides (1) with drawer fronts (H) and drawer backs (K). 6. Attach drawer bottom (L) to sides (1). 7. Join mirror frame pieces (M) and (0). 8. Fasten plywood back (Q) and mirror (P) to frame (O-M). 9. Attach mirror frame (0) to vanity top (A). 10. Apply finish. Dressing Table 1

'itee detdil 1 PdQ! 186 \\---------\ \

4;;;: ", :....... :\~.

o c:

\\ ' \ Q

, ',,

28" - - - - - - - 4 -

-+---16"

LI ___________ _

,',

see detdils Pdge 79

II 1 / 'I 1/

__________ J ~ 1/

see detail2 page 200

+-- 13" - - + - - 16"

13"

21"

~~l~ o

~~r~ 27" 22"

+--_,," _--+-

Dressing Table 1

l 187

PART

DRESSING TABLE 2

NO.

FUNCTION

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickness X width X length

top

side

1814

bottom

11 V2

back

12V2 18V2

door

11%

17%

shelf

11%

cleat

drawer support

leg

PI.!

drawer front

drawer back

2V2

18Ve

% 13

drawer bottom

1214

18%

drawer side

12%

frame

2V2 20

frame

14V2

mirror

1514

19V2

mirror back

1514

19V:2

bottom of leg l88

18;;

~t'+

~pl

~13"--+

14" --+

-t-tz.,

12il

20"

1. Join sides (B) with top (A) and bottoms (C). 2. Attach backs (D). 3. Join legs (J) to bottom (C). 4. Attach cleats (G) to sides (B). 5. Install shelves (F) and (H). 6. Fasten drawer sides (0) to drawer front (K) and drawer back (L) .• 7. Attach drawer bottom (M) to sides (0). 8. Install door (E). 9. Join mirror frame pieces (Q) and (P). 10. Install mirror (R) and plywood back (S). 11. Fasten mirror frame (P-Q) to vanity top (A). 12. Apply finish.

Dressing Table 2

-1

1 20"

'9"

...l.

~ ____ -+

U -

13"

19" II 45

I 27"

J---' +-13"

I--

!oE'E' dE'tai I 3 _p~g_E' _193 ______

-7'"-/J -

// I /

I I

/ I

I I I

, ••-

d;'.i~ - i).-g.-3/'1J

Dressing Table 2

189

DRESSING TABLE STOOL

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES NO,

PART

FUNCTION

thickness X width X length

top

side

leg

rail

foam rubber cushion

1P,4 18 3 1% 2 11%

17V2

13 12 18

1. Join sides (B) with legs (C), 2. Join rails (D) to leg assemblies (B-C). 3. Apply finish. 4. Apply upholstery, including foam rubber (E), to top (A). 5. Fasten top (A) to frame.

" 18"-"---+f--'4"-t

_._-- 17f----+-

3t~

!2' >7%

-+4i-t- 81 -+4~-+

1 15"

13"

. 1,. " ,..l , "

--+r-- 16 --41'~' 190' .

-tf--- 12 --+f

Dressing Table Stool

WARDROBE

I~~~'~·I DIMENSIONS IN INCHES

width

PART

NO.

FUNCTION

top, bottom

22%

side

3,4

23V2

67%

thickness

length

back

door

22V2

66V2

shelf

22%

toe plate

3,4

22% 3,4

cleat

dowel or pipe

top, bottom

shelf

113,4

304V2

side

back

35%

47V2

door

17%

Wardrobe

1 (diam.)

22V2 304V2

10"

•

••

48"

7Z'

tit'.

10"

+--24" - - + - - - 36"-~r-- 24" --+84" - - - - - - - +

_- .. -." ."

--.

+--24"----+ +-15'49'+

SEIEI

c3etail'l>

pag~

- - - - - - - - - - --::.""\ ."

~¥/

.//

•

---,

'l>crt'w'l>

see detail 3 page 193

,1-

~-----------

,, \, \

, I

o o

192

Wardrobe

if rabbet. joint i!o made end to end, piece!. mu!ot be in!oerted to fit

- -.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --,

Instructions for Assembly

/ ' 1. Fasten top and b~tom (A)tosides (B). 2. Install back (C). 3. Install door (D). 4. Attach dowel or pipe (H). 5. Join sides (L) to shelves (J) and top and bottom (K). 6. Install back (M). 7. Attach toe plate (F). 8. Install doors (0). 9. Attach cleats (G). 10. Apply finish. 11. Attach sides (L) to sides (B). 12. Insert shelves (E).

Variation: Bookcase With the addition of a base, as shown at the left, the center section of this wardrobe could be used independently as a bookcase. Legs could be used in place of the base.

Wardrobe

193

CHEST 1

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES PART

NO.

FUNCTION

thickness X width X length

top

bottom

16V2

side

2014

bock

17%

20%

drawer bock

15%

drawer side

17%

drawer bottom

1714

drawer front

6V2

16V2

leg

roil

cleat

17V2

1. Join top (A) and bottom (B) with sides (C). 2. Install back (D). 3. Fasten cleats (L) to sides (C). 4. Attach legs (J) to end rails (K). 5. Join cross rail (K) with end rails

(K).

6. Attach rails (K) to bottom (B),

with wood screws. 7. Join. drawer sides (F) with drawer back and front (E) and (H). 8. Insert drawer bottom (G). 9. Apply finish.

,, ,

- - - -.- - - - - - - ~ !.ff detail!. page 79

21"

II I

I I f

,I I

28"

f I I

~ 7" 101

!oj

-+-L--+-__ 18" _ _-+-

-+-_ _ 18" _ _

194

bottom of leg

Chest 1

CHEST 2

NO.

PART

fUNCTION

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickness X width X length

top

bottom

3,4

34V2

side

231,4

back

1,4

23V2 35Y2

facing strip

34Y2

rail

15%

drawer front

34V2

drawer back

6Y2

33%

drawer sides

17%

drawer bottom

1,4

171,4 34

leg

end rail

cross rail

1. Join top (A), facing strip (E), and

bottom (B) to sides (C). 2. Install back (D). 3. Fasten rails (F).tosides(C). 4. Attach legs (L) to end rails (M). 5. Join cross rail (0) to end rails (M).

6. Fasten leg assembly (L-M-O) to frame. 7. Fasten drawer sides (J) to drawer front and back (G) and (H), and install drawer bottom (K). 8. Apply finish.

-H-

Lu t -tr,,.-f-

0 \

...

_......------ 36" - - - - - - + Chest 2

-+----18" ---+195

CHEST 3

PART

NO.

top

FUNCTION

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickne.. X width X length

4'5

bottom

% 20 %_ 20

43V2

side

231.4

back

1.4

23% 44V2

facing stri"p

43% 43%

rail

drawer front

drawer back

6V2 42%

drawer side

K·

drawer bottom

1.4

191.4 43

leg

end rail

cross rail

17%

19%

L d()tail

Follow proc~dure given on page 195. 196

Chest 3

!o~~

see ~detdjls page 29 r..-----------

d~~ail 3 pa 9 ~ 193

1\------------

, I ,, I

;' "

\\ \ \ \

,I ___________ 1 !oe~ detai l!o page

!(!)

U +6-.. . . .- - - - - 3 3 ' · - - - - - 4 - 6'+ I

45" -------~

Chest 3

+1~ ~

,~.' 1 •

-'+I'~-- 1?,'--tH-1 - + - - - - 20" - - - + -

197

CHEST 4

l~eJ.·tn! >,', <,/>".;..1;\ _,.

FUNCTION

NO.

PART

thickness

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES X X width

length

top

bottom

52V2

side

23lJ.i

partition

19%

22%

back

23%

53%

25%

facing strip

rail

drawer front

251'8

drawer back

drawer bottom

lJ.i

19lJ.i

25%

drawer side

19%

cross rail

end rail

leg

I I I

198

, I

17%

1. Join top (A) and bottom (B), partition (D), and facing strip (F) with sides (C). 2. Install back (E). 3. Attach rails (G) to sides (C) and partition (D). 4. Attach legs (P) to end rails (0). 5. Join cross rail (M) with end rails (0).

6. Join drawer sides (L) with drawer front and back (H) and (J). 7. Install drawer bottom (K). bQ ttom of leg 8. Apply finish. Chest 4

24"

J -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

[ \

, 8'

g" - t

_.I_

-+ _'. . .

S4--------------r

" L.

1-1 01---_ _ 17"

J, --+-,~t-'

_.__--- 20"

~e! _!l!_l' ~ ~ __P_cl..9_! _ 3 ~ -7\ / /

!oee detatail 3 page ~~~ 1\:---- - - ----r\' r ,"" r

I I

~ee detdlls page 79-

Chest 4

199

CHEST 5

",',' :~., ~) t '':-~ ',;;:.,:~ :

<f:'t t>":,~~

, list of, Materials j

t,A •,;t,.m:J "'-":ill.~i2~,,$ "&1!~;-_'t,~~,1kJ~

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES PART

thickness X width X length

FUNCTION

NO.

top

bottom

34%

side

3,4

411,4

back

35%

41 V2

facing strip

3,4

34V2

rail

3,4

drawer front

34%

drawer sides

17%

drawer back

6% 33%

drawer bottom

1,4

171,4 34

leg

end rail

cross rail

15%

bottom of Ie-g .g '{ :Wf'~ n

'Ii

""<

f'J!i.~"

r"':lrist{ucti~n5' fc:,r As~embly ~ ~>j}~~" !. ~jf

.if

~."""

~ ~ It<<::~

1. Join top (A), bottom (B), and facing strips (,E)

cH t a i I

to sides. (C) . 2. Install back (D). 3. Attach rails (F) to sides (C). 4. Attach legs (L) to end rails (M). 5. Join end rails (M) to cross rail (0). 6. Fasten leg assembly (L-M-O) to bottom (B). 7. Join drawer sides (H) to drawer front and back (G) and (J). 8. Install bottom (K). 9. Apply finish.

200

Chest 5

st\'~

s~~ (1~tajl 3 pag~ 193 \" \

--~-

~::.------------

"-..." ........... ......

d('tails pag€' 29 - ---------

:--

\ ;'

st>t> dt>tails Pdgt> 79

-----------7

O· I

0 I

50"

42"

I-

I ,,,

r: . ~ 1~t44--15 18" -----1-1-++

U 5" -+-5" '1 26" -+-_ _ _ _ _ _ 3 6 " - - - - - - - + Chest 5

+ 201

SINGLE OR DOUBLE BED AND NIGHT TABLE 12~;

Single Bed PART

NO.

FUNCTION

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickne .. X width X length

side rail

5% 74%

end rail

headboard

leg

2% 31

cross rail

corner block

,.. 5%

2si'

Twelve yd. No-Sag spring; 60 extension springs; single mattress. 1 CUI

31"

diagonally 10 make four.

NightTable G

top

22%

bottom

3,4

side

3,4

back

rail

leg

+S'~

Variation for Double Bed DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickn ... X width X length

PART

NO.

FUNCTION

end rail

headboard

37V2

cross rail

Sixteen yd. No-Sag spring; 80 extension springs; double mattress.

202

Beds and Night Table

Bed 1. Join side rails (A) with end rails (B). 2. Attach cross rails (E) and corner blocks (F) to assembly (A-B). 3. Apply No-Sag spring. 4._, Cover spring with muslin, tacked to (A·B), to protect mattress. 5. Attach head- and footboards (C) to legs (D). 6. Attach legs (D) to end rails (B) with bolts. 7. Apply finish. 8. Install mattress. Night table 1. Join sides (H) with top and bottom (G) and (1). 2. Install back (K) . 3. Attach legs (0) to end rails (M). 4. Join end rails (M) to cross rail (L). ,5. Attach rails (L) and (M) to (J).

~eds and Night Table

203

DOUBLE BED

PART

NO.

FUNCTION

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickneu X width X length

headboard

21 Y2 57 14

footboard

edge strip

21 V2

edge strip

side rail

cleat

croSS rail

leg

2Y2 10

(J)

77 77

55Y2

Box spring; mattress

detail 1

1. Attach edge strips (C) and (D) to headboard (A).

2. Attach edge strips (C) and (E) to footboard (B).

3. Fasten legs (1) to side rails (F). 4. Attach cleats (G) to side rails (F) . 5. Install cross rails (H). 6. Apply finish. 7. Install box spring and mattress.

Instructions for building the night table shown are given on page 210. 204

Double Bed

A detail

o o

I I

LI ______ _ see page 35 /'

77"

1·

V +'1" Double Bed

57"

1·, r t7"

V ~. ,,.'-+

30"

J SS"

l 205

BEDS AND HEADBOARD

Single Bed FUNCTION

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickn.ss X width X length

PART

NO.

side rail

11.4

731h

end rail

11.4

leg rail

11.4

2V2

3~1h

corner block'

11.4

leg

11.4

2V2

111.4

, Cut diagonally to make four.

I I yd. No-Sag spring; 60 extension springs; single mattress. Double Bed DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickne .. X width X length

PART

NO.

side rail

11.4

73V2

1. Join side rails (A) with leg rails

end rail

11.4

leg rail

11.4

521h

corner block'

11.4

leg

11.4

21h

111.4

(C), and end rails (B) with side rails (A). 2. Join legs (E) with rails (C). 3. Install corner block (D). 4. Install No-Sag spring and apply finish. 5. Tack muslin to (A) and (B) to cover springs and protect mattress. 6. Install mattress.

FUNCTION

, Cut diagonally to make four.

16 yd. No~Sag spring; 80 extension springs; double mattress. 206

Beds and Headboard

~fe detail 2 pa 9 e 203 ----------------7':I' \

box spring may be used

---------------,

I I

,, ,, detail

E ""\

- - - - ______ ..:.:l

see detail

LlW)c:D~ I DIMENSIONS IN INCHES thickness X width X length

PART

NO.

FUNCTION

top

3,4

bottom

3,4

19%

side

3,4

121,4

381,4

2 2

side

3,4

back

1,4

131,4 20%

drop door

3,4

12V2 19%

top

3,4

shelf

3,4

113,4 39%

bottom

3,4

39%

side

3,4

381,4

back

1,4

34% 40%

shelf

3,4

0 p

cleat

3,4

9V2 39% 3,4 9

toe plate

3,4

12V2 20%

39%

door

3,4

door

3,4

12V2 19%

door

3,4

20V2· 203,4

door

193,4 20%

see, details page 58 ----r-- - - ---- ----

SC?C? dC?tail 3 page 193 ~~ - - - - - -- - - ~ "

" " I,

\ I

, I

<f>

"" \ \ \ \ \

,'' ,

I , I I I, I,

__ : : : - _ -

- - - - - --":__-----_j..-_-

see detail s 208

page 69

Headboard

HEADBOARD fOR DOUBLE BED A~ 0

0 0

1!..t..

A.A.

H! ~

. 11 "

57"-------jr- 21 -+ HEADBOARD fOR TWIN BEDS B~

+-21"

+101;--+t,. 1'1;

26\ '---------Iu

+-12 -+

B.B.

. ~!

41"

J1! u-. n

21" -+- 21"

41"

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES

thickne .. X width X length

PART

NO.

FUNCTION

top

bottom ~

19Y2

side

1214

side

3814

bock

1314 20Y2

drop door

12Y2 19Y2

top

shelf

1 p,41 55Y2

bottom

55Y2

side

! 3814

bock

34Y2 56Y2

shelf

9Y2 55Y2

cleat

toe plate

door

12% 28 3,4

door

3,4

12Y2 273,4

door

3,4

20Y2 28 3,4

door

3,4

20Y2 27 3,4

0 p

Headboard

9 55Y2

( lb:"lM!x{fj.hij [}:v~

1. Join top (A) and bottom (B) with sides (C) and (D). 2. Attach back (E). 3. Attach drop door (F) to bottom (B). 4. Join sides (K) to top (G), shelf (H), and bottom (J). 5. Install back (L). 6. Join cleats (0) to sides (K), and toe plate (P) to bottom (1) and sides (K). 7. Install doors (Q, R, S, and T). 8. Apply finish. 9. Insert shelf (M) and place headboard in position.

209

NIGHT TABLE

~3"

12"

-++--- 24"----.t-t 10"

14"

I--

--~3+-1 r

18"

L·__

J!2~

14"

-r--_.

+---17" --+-

-+---'4"--+

'·l

14"

!.()l" dl"tc\il~

P a oe 58

------_

PLAN SECTION

RIGHT Siof

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES

PART

NO.

FUNCTION

thickn... X width X length

top, bottom

back

side

door

10V2 11

leg

end rail

cross rail

2V2

end rail

10%

¥a

Join top and bottom (A) to sides (C) and (D), and back (B). •. Install door (E). · Attach legs (F) to end rails (G) and (K). · Attach cross rail (H) to end rails (G) and (K). · Fasten rails (G) and (H) to bottom (A). · Apply finish. 10

Night Table

INDEX Adjustable shelves, 77-78 Armchairs, 170, 174, 177, 182 frames for, 102-104 Assembly of parts, 5 Back panel joints, 28, 34 Backs; chair, 117-119 rabbeted, 34 Bed fastener, 35 Beds, 202-210 headboards for, 206-209 Belt sander; uses of, 1I Benches, 163-164 vanity; 190 Bevel cuts, 10 Bevel gauge, 8 Boards; see also Planks joining of, 18 Bolts; door, 72 incased, 35-36 Bookcase, 166 Borders; for wood edges, 54 Box joint, 30, 32 tools for, 16 Brace and bit, 14, 16 Brackets; shelf, 77-78 Breakfront, 152 Brushes; choice and use of, 6 Bureaus;' see Chests; Vanity dressers Butt joints, 21, 29-30, 36 Cabinets, 155, 156 radio-phonograph, 146, 148, 151 record storage, 145 speaker, 151 telephone, 133 tool, 130 Cane chair seats, III Canvas seats, 110, 121 Carpentry; basic operations in, 9-16 Catches; door, 71 Chair design, 122-124 ChaV backs, 117-119 Chair frames, 102-104 Chair legs; see Legs Chair seats, 51; 109-114, 121 Index

Chairs; armless, 180 with arms, 170, 174, 177, 182 easy, 177 straight, 167, 168, 172-173 Chamfered edges, II Chests, 194-201 Chevron fasteners, 29 Chisel; uses of, 12-16 Clamps; for gluing, 17 for joint fastening, 31-33 Coffee tables, 138-139 Coil springs, 115 Compass; use of, 8 Cord; for backs, 118 for seats, 109 Core plywood, 45 Corner joints; see Joints Corner reinforcements; metal, 38-39 wood, 39, 49 Corrugated fasteners, 29 Cross-lap joint, 26 Curing of lumber; see Seasoning Curved panels, 47 Curves; in wood, 47-49, 50 Cutting of parts, 5

Dado groove for panel, 28 Dado joints, 33 tools for, 15 Demountable joints, 29, 35-36 Demountable legs, 40 Desks, 158, 160 Dining sets, 168-176 Dining tables, 141, 168, 176 Disc sander; uses of, 11 Door hardware; catches, 71 hinges, 58-60 locks, 72-74 Doors; see also type desired fabric applied to, 55 hollow plywood, 46 special types, 65-70 stops for, 56-57, 93 Dovetail joints; butt, 21 frame, 32 leg-to-rail, 37 211

Dovetail joints middle frame, 33 middle rail, 25 rail-to-frame, 27 tools for, 16 Dowel joints; basic, 19 butt, 21 frame, 27, 29-31 leg, 37-39 middle frame, 33 middle rail, 24 rail; 22-23, 27 for round corner, 49 wedge, 39 Drawers; construction of, 79-87 Drawings; reading of, 125 Dressers; see Chests; Vanity dressers Dressing tables; see Vanity dressers Drill press; uses of, 13-15 Drop doors, 65-67 Easy chair, 177 Edges; surfacing, 11-12 treatment, 52 Enamel, 7 End fittings for legs, 43 End half-lap joint, 22 End tables, 135-137 Extension dining table, 141 Fabric; fastening of, 53, 55 Feather joint, 19, 24, 30--33, 52 Files; uses of, 12-13, 16 . / Fillers; for hardwood finish, 6 Finishing; wood, 6-7 Flange; for attaching table legs, 40 Flower box, 134 Flush panel doors, 46 Foam rubber, 107, 108, 113-116, 118-121 Folding doors, 67 Fork butt joint, 21 Frame; plywood-hollow, 46 Frame joints, 29-33, 35-71 Frames; for panels, 28 for upholstered furniture, 101-104 Gauges, 8, 11 Glass; joining metal and, 96 joining wood and, 88-89 Glides; for metal legs, 43 212

Glue; application of, 17, 46 Gouges; uses of, 13 Grain; alignment of, 18 direction of, 48 Groove; for back installation, 34 for panel, 28 for sliding doors, 69-70 Hand tools; uses of, 11-16 Hardware; door, 58-65, 71-75 shelf, 77-78 Headboards, 206-209 High-fidelity sound cabinets, 146, 148, 157 Hinges, 58-65 Holes; drilling of, 14 Jig; doweling, 14 Joinery, 14-16 Jointer; uses of, 11, 14. Joints; see also type desired basic, 19--'20 common, 21-40 demountable, 29, 35-36, 39 frame, 29-32 metal, 94-95 tools for making, 9-16 Kerfing, saw; for bending wood, 50 "Knife thr~ad" , 40 Knobs; see Pulls Lacquer; application 9f, 7 Laminated wood, 45, 50 Lap joints; cross, 26 half, 22 lap-tee, '24 shiplap, 20 Lathe; uses of, 13 Leather chair seats, 109 Legs; attaching, 37-42 demountable, 39-42 end fittings for, 43-44 Locks; door, 72-74 Loudspeaker enclosure, 151 Love seats, 179-180 Lumber; seasoning of, 4, 18 selection and working of, 3-5, 18 Lumber-core plywood, 45, 50 Magazine rack, 131 Mallet and chisel; uses of, 12 Index

Marble; joining wood and, 92 Marking materials for cutting, 8 Metal; joining wood and, 90 joining plate glass and, 96 Metal joints, 94-95 Middle frame joints, 33 Middle rail joints, 24-26 Milled corner joint, 30 Mirror; attaching to wood, 88-89 drop-top, 82 Miter joints; edge, 52 frame, 30-31 mortise-and-tenon, 23 tongue, 24 Miter'stop, 56 Molded plastic, 99 Molded plywood, 51 Molding; with panel, 28 Molder; uses of, 12-14 Mortise-and-tenon joints; basic, 19-20 leg, 37-38 middle rail, 24-26 rail,22-23 with wedge, 27 Mortising; tools for, 15 Natural finishes, 7 Night tables, 202, 210 "No-Sag" Springs, 112, I! 9 Open-shelf breakfront, 151 Paint, 7, 52 Panels, 18, 28, 34 hollow plywood, 46 curved, 47, 50 fabric-covered, 53 Phonograph-radio cabinets, 146, 148, 151 Pipe; metal, 'see Tubing pivot hinges, 63-64 Planes; uses of, 11-16 Planks; selection and handling of, 3-4, 18 Plant box, 134 Plasfic; molded, 99 Plastic drawers, 84 Plastic wood, 7 Plate glass; joining metal to, 96 Plywood, 5, 45-52 hollow frame of, 46 Index

Power tools; uses of, 9-16 Pulls; drawer or door, 75-76, 99 Rabbet; for door stop, 56 panel in, 28, 34 tools for, 14 Rabbet joints, 19, 22, 38 Radio-phonograph cabinets, 146, 148, 151 Raffia, 110, 118 Rail joints, 22, 24, 27, 29 Rails; joining legs to, 37-38 Rasp; use of, 13 Record storage cabinet, 145 Router; uses of, 13-16 Rubber; foam, see Foam rubber joining metal and, 97 joining wood and, 93 Rubber knife edge, 121 Rubber straps, 114--121 Sanders, II Sandpaper, 6 Saw kerfing, 50 Sawing, 3, 9-10, 14-16 of plastic, 98 Scarf joint, 21 Screw joint; for legs, 40 Seasoning of lumber, 4, 18 Seats; chair, 109-114 Selection of wood, 5 Service cart, 132 Shaper; uses of, 11-16 Shellac; choice of, 7 Shelves; adjustable, 77-78 Shiplap joint, 20 Shrinkage; of wood, 4, 5, 18,29 Side table, 140 Slides; for drawers, 85-87 Sliding doors, 69-70 Sofas, 179, 180 frames for, 103 Sofa-bed, 184 Speaker cabinet, 151 Splined miter joint, 31 Spokeshave; uses of, 13 Springs; upholstery, 105, 114--116 Steam bending, 50 Stool, 162 vanity, 190 Stop; door, 56-57, 93 drawer, 87 miter, 56 213

Surfacing; wood, tools for, II see also Finishing Surfacing material; application of, 98-99

Upholstery. 100-121 Upholstery materials, 105-107 Upholstery tools, 105

Table hinges, 61 Tables; coffee, 138-139 dining, 141, 168, 176 end, 135-137 night, 202, 210 side, 140 telephone, 133 television, 144 "Tee nut" for butt joint, 36 Telephone cabinet, 133 Television table, 144 Tension scarf joint, 21 Three-way joint, 34, 38 "Tite-joint fastener", 36 Tongue-and-groove edge, 52 Tongue-and-groove joint, 19-20, 31 Tool cabinets, 130 Tools; upholstery, 105 woodworking, 9-16 Tree; growth characteristics, 3 Try square, 8 Tubing; metal, 91, 94-95

Vanity dressers, 186, 188 Vanity stool, 190 Varnish; types of, 7 Venee~ 23, 45, 47, 52

214

Wardrobe, 191 Warping of planks, 4, 18 Wax finishes, 7 Webbing chair seats, 110-111 Wedge-and-dowel joint, 39 Wood; changes in, 4 finishing of, 6-7 marking of, 8 selection and buying of, 5 structure of, 3 Wood rasp; uses of, 13 Woodworking operations, 9-16 Workbench; family, 126 professional, 128 Zigzag butt joint, 21

Index