Design Thinking: Abandoned Building Rethinking_Tian Li by Tian Li

ABANDONED HOUSE RETHINKING The Soul of Burnt Violin

Student: Tian Li Instructor: Donald Koster FA: Hallie Nolan

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to extend my deep gratitude to all those who have offered me a lot of help and support in the process of my thesis writing. First and foremost, my sincere thanks go to Instructor Donald Koster, my Design Thinking class supervisor,who has offered me numerous valuable comments and suggestions with patience and encouraged me profoundly throughout my whole DT study. He also supplied me many great materials for my project. Without his help and insightful advice, the completion of this class would have been impossible. Second, I would say thanks to Hallie Nolan, my TA of Design Thinking. We took almost every weekend to refine and improve my whole project. She gave me lots of excellent advice about how to develop my project, and how to keep the right track as well for the whole semester. Without her help, it is hard to finish the book. Also, I owe many thanks to all the professors who have taught me during my previous study in this class, for leading me into a challenging yet interesting field of academic project. The profit that I gained from them will be of significance to my future design and research. Besides, I would thank to Lisa Wolfe, who is the manager of Divoll Library. She provided me many helpful materials and resources of the public library system. Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s more, I owe my thanks to Roslyn Harvey and Cleshay, who are vice president and doctor in Affinia Healthcare Center. They accepted my interview and supplied a lot of information and help for my project. Last but not least, I am deeply indebted to my family and friends, who have helped me and shared with me my worries, frustrations, and happiness.

TIAN LI 11/29/2019

-3-

CONTENT

BACKGROUND & PREMISE.........................................................................................6 Background..............................................................................................................8 Premise..................................................................................................................12 MAPPING & DATA......................................................................................................14 Life Expectancy.......................................................................................................16 Infant Mortality........................................................................................................18 Prenatal Care..........................................................................................................20 Educational Level...................................................................................................22 Median Household Income....................................................................................24 Population Change.................................................................................................26 SITUATION & NEIGHBORHOOD.................................................................................28 Why People Avoid Healthcare.................................................................................30 Abandoned Buildings.............................................................................................32 What People Need..................................................................................................34 Neighborhood Mapping..........................................................................................36 Site Surroundings...................................................................................................42 Existing Infrastructure............................................................................................46 HISTORY & NARRATIVE............................................................................................ 56 City of St. Louis Development................................................................................58 Neighborhood of Faiground...................................................................................62 Homer G Hospital...................................................................................................66 History from Sanborn.............................................................................................70 PROGRAM & DESIGN.................................................................................................82 Function Distribution..............................................................................................84 Program Diagram..................................................................................................86 Transportation........................................................................................................88 Program.................................................................................................................90 Site Section............................................................................................................98 Program & Event..................................................................................................100 CASE STUDY..............................................................................................................108 LAURIER BRANTFORD YMCA, CANADA..............................................................110 ALZHEIMER VILLAGE IN DAX, FRANCE..............................................................116 BIBLIOGRAPHY.........................................................................................................122

CONTENTS

Photo: https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/st-louis-struggles-to-keep-upwith-rising-tide-of/article_fb0c5dd4-bcfa-588d-b2e2-301abbc0a728.html

BACKGROUND & PREMISE

Abandoned House Photo by JAJOHNSONSSD MAY 19, 2015

-8-

GROWING ABANDONED PROPERTIES IN STL BACKGROUND

St. Louis has more than 7,000 vacant buildings, the city estimates. Many of them are accumulated in the north city of St. Louis. In some neighborhood, more than 600 houses were abandoned, which is a common phenomenon in the City of St. Louis. Government hope somebody could come back to their houses. However, there are few people tend to come back. Moreover, some of the owners have passed away. Their inheritors had already moved out and lives somewhere else that is easier to survive. Even though government tend to demolish some of abandoned houses with high cost, the abandoned houses are growing... Every building has itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own story. Some of them have been abandoned for a long time, there is still a story of them.

-9-

Paganiniâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Soul -10-

Artist: Arman (1928-2005) Create Date:1979 Photo: Tian Li

ORIGINAL

BURNED

ART

HOW ? The process of creating a art piece from a burnt violin to a delicate sculpture is worth to thinking. Artist casted the burnt pieces into a plastic box and roused the soul of violin again.

-11-

PREMISE PROGRAM

Abandoned houses are more than 600 in some north City neighborhood of St. Louis. The population loss is more than 20% over the past 5 years in these areas and abandoned houses are growing. Residents pass away due to bad wellness status and their inheritors had already moved out to lived somewhere else. According to a research of Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) in 2016, People who live in different parts of north St. Louis may have a 12-year difference in how long they can expect to live. Many residents with low perceived education of health care believe illness will improve with time or on its own. Guiding everyone to access hospital when they feel sick is difficult, because of low perceived educational background, but it is much easier to foster the younger generation healthy behavior, which could have a good influence on the community. This project aims to provide primary education and health care service program to foster individual health and help communities thrive again.

-12-

WELLNESS FACILITIES IN ST LOUIS

PUBLIC HEALTH CARE GYM

FARMER MARKET 0

2 MI

-13-

MAPPING & DATA

LIFE EXPECTANCY & MORTALITY IN STL

63120

63147

Zone 1 (North) 63115

63112

63107 63113 63108

63106

63103 63110

63101

Zone 2 (Central)

63102

63104 63139

63118

Zone 3 (South)

63109 63116

63111

LIFE EXPECTANCY 67.9 N

70-70.7 70.8-72.1

-16-

Resource: Public Health Understanding of Our Needs, update 2016, The City of St. Louis Department of Health

75-76.3 76.8-79.5

Zip code areas ZONE

ZIP CODES

NORTH

63106, 63107, 63112, 63113, 63115, 63120, 63147

CENTRAL

63101, 63102, 63103, 63104, 63108, 63110

SOUTH

63109, 63111, 63116, 63118, 63139

1200

900

600

300

60 63106

1200

900

600

300

60 63101

1200

900

600

300

60 63109

63107

63102

63111

63112

63113

63103

63116

63115

63104

63120

63108

63118

63147

63110

63139

CITY

Life expectancy (LE) at birth and years of potential life lost (YPLL) both reflect the overall mortality level of a population and gauges the overall health of an area. Residents in north city is much lower than central and south city. The lowest life expectancy area in St. Louis is the 63107 zip code area, which is 67.9 years. -17-

INFANT MORTALITY & PRENATAL CARE BY ZIP CODE IN STL

63120

63147

Zone 1 (North) 63115

63112

63107 63113 63108

63106

63101

63103 63110

Zone 2 (Central)

63102

63104 63139

63118

Zone 3 (South)

63109 63116

63111

INFANT MORTALITY/1000 >25 N

15-20 10-15

-18-

Resource: City of St. Louis Community Health Assessment 2012

5-10 <5

Zip code areas ZONE

ZIP CODES

NORTH

63106, 63107, 63112, 63113, 63115, 63120, 63147

CENTRAL

63101, 63102, 63103, 63104, 63108, 63110

SOUTH

63109, 63111, 63116, 63118, 63139

No First Trimester Prenatal Care % of All Births Low Birth Weight % of All Births Teen Births % of All Births

20% 15% 10% 5% 63106

63107

63112

63113

63115

63120

63147

CITY

20% 15% 10% 5% 63101

63102

63103

63104

63108

63110

CITY

20% 15% 10% 5% 63109

63111

63116

63118

63139

CITY

-19-

INADEQUATE PRENATAL CARE BY ZIP CODE IN STL

63120

63147

Zone 1 (North) 63115

63112

63107 63113 63108

63106

63103 63110

63101

Zone 2 (Central)

63102

63104 63139

63118

Zone 3 (South)

63109 63116

63111

POPULATION LOSS N

>35% 25%~35% 16%~25%

-20-

Resource: Public Health Understanding of Our Needs, update 2016, The City of St. Louis Department of Health

<16%

Zip code areas ZONE

ZIP CODES

NORTH

63106, 63107, 63112, 63113, 63115, 63120, 63147

CENTRAL

63101, 63102, 63103, 63104, 63108, 63110

SOUTH

63109, 63111, 63116, 63118, 63139

No First Trimester Prenatal Care % of All Births Low Birth Weight % of All Births

20% 15% 10% 5% 63106

63107

63112

63113

63115

63120

63147

CITY

20% 15% 10% 5% 63101

63102

63103

63104

63108

63110

CITY

20% 15% 10% 5% 63109

63111

63116

63118

63139

CITY

Through the three zones, the north area has the lowest education level of high school graduation. The lowest percentage of the north area are zip code 63106 and 63107 area, which is below 60%, much lower than the city average level (72%). -21-

EDUCATION LEVEL BY ZIP CODE IN ST LOUIS

63120

63147

Zone 1 (North) 63115

63112

63107 63113 63108

63106

63103 63110

63101

Zone 2 (Central)

63102

63104 63139

63118

Zone 3 (South)

63109 63116

63111

NO HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA N

24%-30% 22%-23% 13%-19%

-22-

Resource: Public Health Understanding of Our Needs, update 2016, The City of St. Louis Department of Health

7%-12%

Zip code areas ZONE

ZIP CODES

NORTH

63106, 63107, 63112, 63113, 63115, 63120, 63147

CENTRAL

63101, 63102, 63103, 63104, 63108, 63110

SOUTH

63109, 63111, 63116, 63118, 63139

Percentage of High School Graduation 80% 70% 60% 50% 63106

63107

63112

63113

63115

63120

63147

CITY

80% 70% 60% 50% 63101

63102

63103

63104

63108

63110

CITY

80% 70% 60% 50% 63109

63111

63116

63118

63139

CITY

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY ZIP CODE IN STL

63120

63147

Zone 1 (North) 63115

63112

63107 63113 63108

63106

63101

63103 63110

Zone 2 (Central)

63102

63104 63139

63118

Zone 3 (South)

63109 63116

63111

Median Household Income Lowest N

Mid-Low Mid-High

-24-

Resource: City of St. Louis Community Health Assessment 2012

Highest

Zip code areas ZONE

ZIP CODES

NORTH

63106, 63107, 63112, 63113, 63115, 63120, 63147

CENTRAL

63101, 63102, 63103, 63104, 63108, 63110

SOUTH

63109, 63111, 63116, 63118, 63139

Median Household Income/$ 60,000 45,000 30,000 15,000 63106

63107

63112

63113

63115

63120

63147

CITY

60,000 45,000 30,000 15,000 63101

63102

63103

63104

63108

63110

CITY

60,000 45,000 30,000 15,000 63109

63111

63116

63118

63139

CITY

Through the three zones, the north area has the lowest median level . The lowest ones of the north area are zip code 63106 and 63107 and 63120 area, which is much lower than the city average level ($34,582).

-25-

POPULATION CHANGE BY ZIP CODE IN STL

63120

63147

Zone 1 (North) 63115

63112

63107 63113 63108

63106

63103 63110

63101

Zone 2 (Central)

63102

63104 63139

63118

Zone 3 (South)

63109 63116

63111

POPULATION LOSS N

-16%~-32% -3.0%~-12% 1.5%~12%

-26-

Resource: Public Health Understanding of Our Needs, update 2016, The City of St. Louis Department of Health

48%-100%

Zip code areas ZONE

ZIP CODES

NORTH

63106, 63107, 63112, 63113, 63115, 63120, 63147

CENTRAL

63101, 63102, 63103, 63104, 63108, 63110

SOUTH

63109, 63111, 63116, 63118, 63139

Population Distribution in Different Zones 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 63106

63107

63112

63113

63115

63120

63147

40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 63101

63102

63103

63104

63108

63110

40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 63109

63111

63116

63118

63139

Through the three zones, the north area has the lowest population level. The lowest percentage of the north area are zip code 63106 and 63107 area.

-27-

SITUATION & NEIGHBORHOOD

WHY PEOPLE AVOID ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE

EDUCATION • •

Low education background Inadequate perceived

•

need to seek medical care

EXPERIENCE

• • •

Not trust doctor Fear negative outcomes Long waiting time

BARRIER

•

Not have enough time

• •

High cost of health care Insurance coverage

Medical care avoidance

Unwilling health outcomes

Low life expectancy

People avoidance medical care model. Data were collected as part of the 2008 Health Information National Trends Survey, a cross-sectional national survey and some references are from https://www.cdc.gov. The light gray dash line boxes represent main reasons that why people tend to avoid medical care. -30-

VALUE COMPOSITION IN NEIGHBORHOOD

Fairground 63107

The total population of the Fairground is 1800 in 2010, which contains 6.1% of children under 5 years, 22.4% of people under 18 years and 16% of seniors over 65 years. There is no primary school, middle school in this area for children and healthcare service either. The abandoned buildings in this area are 151, which has 147 residential buildings and 5 commercial ones. CATEGORY

POPULATION

VACANT BUILDINGS AREA

VALUE

AMOUNT

Population (Total)

1800

Population (<5 years)

110

Population(5-18 years)

305

Population (>65 years)

290

Vacant Buildings (Total)

151

Vacant Buildings (R)

147

Vacant Buildings (M)

0.32 Sq Mile

Resource: The census data is from United States Census Bureau (https://www.census.gov) and https://dynamic.stlouis-mo.gov

0.25

0.5 MI -31-

VACANT BUILDINGS BY NEIGHBORHOOD

Fairground (63107)

NUMBER 0-24 25-49 N

50-99 100-199

-32-

Resource: https://www.stltoday.com/news/multimedia/special/interactive-map-vacant-buildings-in-st-louis/html_6d9544ad-4686-59ee-93be-992761fa1206.html

200-399 400-599

Fairground

Public Park

LEGEND Abandoned Lots City Blocks Building Footprint Abandoned houses and vacant lots are widely known phenomenons in City of St. Louis. The project is located in the neighborhood which is in ZIP code 63107. There are more than 500 properties accumulated in this small neighborhood.

0.1

0.2 MI -33-

NEEDS & DESIRE OF RESIDENTS IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD

high costs ocia racial l a child t he rai health accessment al ning ed n o d

ban

tur ef or fundings c

educ

mamibaby

e r a c h t l a e h ived

wellness

programs

education

childcare s

wellbeing pregnancy ogram

e ed

community care

development

h healt

uca

vacant lots

needs

ick ucar

child p

children

lth

perce

bli

afforable poverty i n sura long p education nce eriod wellness coverage

llne

status

i discrim

are

foo

nat

d ion

access to healthcare

hea

in-hospital

tion

short period

DIFFERENT NEEDS OF RESIDENTS IN STL Reference from: Comprehensive community needs assessment 2017, Maslowâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hierarchy of Needs

-34-

nit

justice y die atio y t i c t nortchh n lev e ronic diseas el abandoned house assistance

prenatal c

lec

warmth and rest

of p o dr

vacant building

emergency care

din l i u b

SELF-ACTUALIZATION prestige and feeling of accomplishment BELONGINGNESS AND LOVE NEEDS intimate relationships, friends SAFETY NEEDS security and safety PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS welness, food, warmth, rest etc.

SELF-FULFILLMENT NEEDS PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS

achieving one’s full potential, including creative activities

BASIC NEEDS

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

Araham H. Maslow, Motivation and Personality (Harper & Row Publishers, 1954)

DIFFERENT NEEDS LEVELS Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid. Needs lower down in the hierarchy must be satisfied before individuals can attend to needs higher up. From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the needs are: physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem and self- actualization. This project mainly focus on the wellness in the community and make the community more prosper which is in the physiological needs of residents.

-35-

ZIP R

D CO

LEGEND Abandoned Lots City Blocks Resident Building Healthcare Center Flo

School Other Commercial Public Small Health N

-36-

250

500 FT

ris sa

Av e

Av e ne W ar E

on nt

e Av

Service Area Interpretation Each community healthcare facility service diameter is about half mile. For the school service diameter, there are two schools, one is an elementary school and the other is a high school. There is no other schools for kids under 8 years. -37-

OR DE R CO DE B ZIP 3

The State of the Art Adult Health Care Center For adults and seniors

Farragut Elementary School For age 8+ Students LEGEND Abandoned Lots City Blocks Resident Building Healthcare Center School Other Commercial Public Small Health N

-38-

250

500 FT

Beaumont High School High school for teenagers

Diverse Health Servic Home health care ser 4

Affinia Healthcare Community Healthcare

ces rvices

LEGEND Abandoned Lots City Blocks Resident Building

Healthcare Center School Other Commercial Public Small Health 10

-40-

250

500 FT

ZIP CODE BORDER

SURROUNDINGS

DI LIB VOLL R

-42-

F AF

3 12

-43-

1. FAMILY DOLLAR A grocery store located in the cross road of Grand Blvd and Florissant Ave, which is on the other side of Affinia Healthcare Center.

2. JUBILEE COMMUNITY CHURCH Victory Community Church began in 1989 and was then incorporated in 1996, as Jubilee Community Church (JCC). JCC met at World Impact of St. Louis until 2004 when the offices moved to 3118 North Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri.

3. DIVOLL BRANCH LIBRARY The Divoll branch library is one of the branch belongs to the St. Louis public library system. This branch opened in 1998 and the area of building is around 7,500 sq ft.

4. PAVILION A small pavilion between the Kossuth Ave. People always get there to communicate each other.

5. FAMILY DOLLAR A grocery store located in the cross road of Grand Blvd and Florissant Ave, which is on the other side of Affinia Healthcare Center.

6. FAIRGROUND PARK One of the largest park in the north area of city of St. Louis. It is a good place for people to get together and hang out. Very peaceful and pretty dope to see so many people out fishing or just relaxing in general. There are also plenty of benches and shade to chill out. -44-

7. WATER TOWER In 1871, the water tower on North Grand has been built and other buildings were also built int he same period of years.

8. OLD CHURCH 1 Water tower area is a historical area in the north city of St. Louis, which was built by German and Irish immigration.

9. GOOD HOPE MISSIONARY BAPTIST This building is for Good Hope Missionary Baptist and has been abandoned.

10. HISTORICAL BUILDING A abandoned historical building, which is used to be a office building for a bank.

11. FAMILY DOLLAR Affinia Healthcare Center is a new branch and was built around 2008. The main patients are from north city, north county and race are 90% African American, 9% Caucasian and 1% others.

12. A SMALL VACANCY CLOSE TO AFFINIA There is a small vacancy area on the other side of the Affinia Healthcare center.

-45-

lvd B d

n ra G E

Av e

ran

lvd

Wa lk

Flo

ris sa

abl eD

ista

nce

sel Bis

r Fer

LEGEND Abandoned Lots Residential Building

riss Flo

Healthcare Center

ant

School

Ave

Other Commercial Public Small Health Metro Bus

-46-

150

300 FT

CURRENT AFFINIA HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

Affinia Healthcare is the only community healthcare center in the zip code 63107 and it have built more than 100 years and the system receives HHS funding and has Federal Public Health Service (PHS) deemed status with respect to certain health or health-related claims, including medical malpractice claims, for itself and its covered individuals. Approximately 90% of Affinia Healthcare’s 43,000 patients have incomes under 100% of the federal poverty level. Affinia Healthcare provides comprehensive medical, dental, behavioral health and other health care services via 10 locations in St. Louis, Missouri.

LOCATION

BUILDING

4414 North Florissant Avenue St. Louis, Missouri 63107

SITE: 35000 Sq Ft AREA: 15000 Sq Ft STORY: 1

SERVICE HAVE

DO NOT HAVE

Adult Medicine; Women’s Health/Ultrasounds; Pediatrics; Podiatry; Adult Behavioral Health; Dental; Lab; WIC; Outreach

Child Care; Child Developmental Center; Day Care; Medical Urgent Care; Pharmacy; In hospital Care Enough Outdoor Space

HOURS Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Wednesday 8:30 a.m. to 7 p.m

The information is from https://affiniahealthcare.org

-47-

CURRENT AFFINIA HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

43,367 Total Number of Patients in System 2017

DESCRIPTION The data is from the report for community of Affinia healthcare center in 2017. (https://affiniahealthcare.org)

95%

10%

Patients with household incomes below 100% of the federal poverty level

Have private Insurance

44%

68%

Receive Medicaid

Within all racial categories, 68% of patients identified as African American

40%

27%

Did not have insurance

Within all racial categories, 27% of patients identified as Caucasian

RACIAL CATEGORIES

Were homeless

-48-

68% - African American 27% - Caucasian 2% - Asian 3% - Other/Unreported

a tre

Main Entrance

Adult Behavioral Health

Podiatry Dental LAB

Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Health Podiatry

WIC

Adult Medicine

Fl or

is sa

Adult Medicine; Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Health/Ultrasounds; Pediatrics; Podiatry; Adult Behavioral Health; Dental; Lab; WIC; Outreach

Av e

LEGEND Affinia Center Resident Building Site Boundary N

400

800 FT -49-

CURRENT AFFINIA HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

0.8

2.1

3.9

5.1

6.8

6.9

7 7.3

A 159

126

125

148

151

149

153

155

157

163

Um bil ci al

161

165

167

A 191A

D .0 5 8 2 6 1 M - iIE 9 3 Na D m d De rk irO n h lC ta n ly

Univ er sal P ower Supply

114

200A

156

123 Um bil ic al

150

D .0 5 8 2 6 1 M - iIE 9 3 Na D m d De rk irO n h lC ta n ly

Univ er sal P ower Supply

147

116

152

154

158

121

190

160

162

199

A.6 198

Um bil ic al

188

D .0 5 8 2 6 1 M - iIE 9 3 Na D m d De rk irO n h lC ta n ly

Univ er sal P ower Supply

145

146

141

142

120

187

170

189

200B

166

164

186

140

173

172

185

171

169

168

Um bil ic al D .0 5 8 2 6 1 M - iIE 9 3 N rk D m d D a n irO h lC ta e n ly

Univ er sal P ower Supply

119

117

135

118

144 Um bil ic al .D id 8 6 M -0 2 9 3 5 1 Na E ID m Dn rk irO h lC ta e ly n

Univ er sal P ower Supply

131

130

136

139

138

174 184

110

109

196 195

B.5

177

181

134

129 128

175

132

129A

113

112

197

137

143

115

191

193A 180

178

183

194

179

7 193

111

133

127

M e c ,I. n g s lD a ic d

182

M e c ,I. n g s lD a ic d

192

M e c ,I. n g s lD a ic d

M e c ,I. n g s lD a ic d M d c ,I. n g s e lD a ic

M e c ,I. n g s lD a ic d

M e c ,I. n g s lD a ic d M e c ,I. n g s lD a ic d

103

108

101

1 102

104

106

105

107B 107A

E.8

10.2

FURNITURE PLAN - FIRST FLOOR 1/8" = 1'-0"

Number 101 102 103 104 105

ROOM SCHEDULE - 1ST FLOOR Name

Number

ROOM SCHEDULE - 1ST FLOOR Name

Number

ROOM SCHEDULE - 1ST FLOOR Name

Number

ROOM SCHEDULE - 1ST FLOOR Name

VESTIBULE SECURITY WAITING COMMUNITY OUTREACH WOMAN, INFANT, AND CHILDREN OFFICE WOMEN, INFANT, AND CHILDREN OFFICE ACTIVITY ROOM ACTIVITY ROOM COMMUNITY ALCOVE CORRIDOR DECONTAMINATION COMMUNITY OUTREACH WOMEN, INFANT, AND CHILDREN DENTAL WAITING DENTAL CORRIDOR RECEPTION OFFICE HYGIENE PANAREX OPERATORY

120 121 123 125 126 127 128 129 129A 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142

STERILIZATION OPERATORY OPERATORY ENCLOSED OPERATORY PUMP RECEPTION WORK AREA INTERVIEW PODS STORAGE MEDICAL RECORDS DATA SUBWAITING RESTROOM RESTROOM WEST CORRIDOR FAMILY ASSISTANCE RESTROOM GREETER TRIAGE RESTROOM EXAM EXAM EXAM

143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164

LCSW COUNSELING NORTH CORRIDOR COUNSELING PROVIDER PROVIDER EXAM EXAM EXAM PROCEDURE EXAM SOIL EXAM EAST CORRIDOR CHARTING COUNSELING OFFICE EXAM EXAM EXAM EXAM EXAM

165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 177 178 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186

EXAM PROVIDER OFFICE EXAM EXAM EXAM CLEAN EXAM EXAM SOUTH CORRIDOR PHARMACUTICAL OFFICE PROVIDER OFFICE DIAGNOSTIC WAITING PROCESSING TECH WORK AREA FUTURE XRAY DRESSING AREA BLOOD DRAW BLOOD DRAW LAB MEDICAL STORAGE EXAM NURSE CORRIDOR SOUTH

1. Lobby 2. Service 3. Medical Record 4. Exam 5. Lab 6. Monitoring 7. Dental 8. Nurse Station 9. Office/Administration 10. Bathroom 106

107A 107B 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119

-50-

300 FT

*Resource from Donald N. Koster III, AIA, NCARB, LEED AP, Senior Lecturer at Washington University in St. Louis

10 F-201

150

Floor Plan of Affinia

TRUE PLAN NORTH NORTH

M e c ,I. n g s lD a ic d

Number

ROOM SCHEDULE - 1ST FLOOR Name

187 188 189 190 191 191A 192 193 193A 194 195 196 197 198 199 200A 200B

INTAKE NURSE NURSE CORRIDOR NORTH INTAKE EMPLOYEE CORRIDOR EMPLOYEE VESTIBULE WELLNESS ROOM BREAK ROOM VENDING RESTROOM HEALTH TO GO OFFICES RESTROOM MECHANICAL ROOM ELECTRICAL ROOM JANITOR SHIPPING BIO HAZARD STORAGE

PATIENTS/RACE/EFFICIENCY Built year: 2008 Number of patient: 100-150 per day on average Resource of patient: mainly from close neighborhood, north city, north county Ratio of race: 90% African American, 9% Caucasian, 1% Others Number of patient in Dental: 45-50 per day on average *Not enough space for patients *Especially for the PEDS department, should increase full time providers *The function is not enough for all patients *No in-patient healthcare, only out-patient care *Resource from Doctor Cleshay in Affinia Healthcare Center.

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CURRENT AFFINIA HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

11 9

7 1

Area: 27,000 Sq Ft 1. Lobby 2. Service 3. Pharmacy 4. Urgent Care 5. WIC 6. Adult 7. Women Care 8. Community Meetinig 9. Office/Administration 10. Children Development 11. Podiatry 12. Radiology -52-

200

400 FT

Floor Plan of Affinia

PATIENTS/RACE/EFFICIENCY Number of patient: 150 per day on average, 43,000 in 2018 Resource of patient: mainly from close neighborhood Main Department: Children, Women and Urgent Care Number of patient with insurance: 50% of the total patients *No enough space for patients *The circulation is not convenient *Only one floor and the layout of function need to improve

*Resource from Vice President Roslyn Harvey in Affinia Healthcare Center, 1500 Park Ave, St. Louis, MO 63104

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12’

80’

PROGRAM OF DIVOLL LIBRARY BRANCH

N 90’

PROGRAM: Service Desk Lobby Meeting Room Computer Area Reference Reading Adult Collection Adult Periodicals Children Area Office Rooms Bathrooms -54-

20 FT

Floor Plan of Divoll Total Area: 7500 Sq Ft

*Resource From: Lisa Wolfe, Manager of Divoll Library, 4234 N Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63107

VISITOR/RACE/EFFICIENCY Number of visitors: 200 per day on average Number of visitor in 2018: more than 30,000 Ratio of race: 90% African American, 9% Caucasian, 1% Others *Not enough public space *Furniture layout

*Resource from Lisa Wolfe, Manager of Divoll Library, 4234 N Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63107

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HISTORY & NARRATIVE

HISTORY OF NEIGHBORHOOD IN NORTH STL FROM 1816

-58-

-59* St. Louis City Map 1874, Resource From: Washington University in St. Louis Library GIS Louis Data

HISTORY OF NEIGHBORHOOD IN NORTH STL FROM 1816

Before Incorporated

Reconstruction

Before the city of St. Louis was incorporated in 1822, William Christy and others founded the Village of North St. Louis, bounded by present-day Monroe, Hadley, and Montgomery Streets, as well as the Mississippi River.

The Agriculture and Mechanical Fair was established in whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s today Fairground Park in 1855. During Reconstruction, more African-Americans began moving to St. Louis from the South. The city population had reached 310,869 by 1870.

European Immigration

Leader of

European immigrants poured into the city; St. Louisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; population grew from less than 20,000 in 1840 to more than 160,000 by 1860. Near Carr Square, Germans built brick Greek-revival style houses. To the north, Irish immigrants filled Kerry Patch with one-room shacks. German immigrants incorporated Bremen

1810

-60-

1830

1850

In 1871, the w North Grand has other buildings int he same peri

1870

World’s Fair

Continue Segregation

In the year of 1904, by the time of the World’s Fair, more businesses and homes were sprouting up farther west. Many of those visitors who were black found themselves being directed to The Ville.

Missouri’s Chapter 1943 Urban Redevelopment Corporation Law passed “to encourage the redevelopment of blighted areas by providing real property tax abatement.” The law was amended several times in the years to come.

f Practice

Race Segregation

water tower on s been built and were also built iod of years.

1890

In the year of 1916, city voters overwhelmingly passed a zoning ordinance barring blacks from buying homes in blocks that are more than 75 percent white. African-Americans went from constituting only 8 percent of The Ville to 86 percent.

1910

1930

1950

Resource: https://www.stlmag.com/North-Side-Story-A-Brief-History-of-the-Near-North-Side; https://www.distilledhistory.com/stlwatertowers; Photos from Museum of Missouri History

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HISTORY OF SITE SHIFTING

From Ashland School (Penrose): Right (south) on North Newstead Avenue to Natural Bridge Road. Natural Bridge left (east) to North Grand Boulevard.

The annual, week-long St. Louis Fair was the high point of St. Louis social life from 1856 until 1902. Tens of thousands of visitors came to the fair every year, including the Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, who visited here in 1860. Engraving by ). P. Davis. Missouri Historical Society Photograph and Print Collection. The North city of St. Louis neighborhood that is located in the Fairgrounds Park has a popular place in the cultural and recreational life in city of St. Louis. From the mid-nineteenth century, this area which extends from the end of the Grand Blvd and St. Louis Ave West to Fair Ave and north to Broadway has been home to some of the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most important public spaces. This area was once the edge of town and people in St. Louis came to relax and play the games. Whether attending the annual fair, going to a Cardinals game, or taking a scenic drive. They all began a ride and got together on Grand Blvd. However, St. Louisian today think Grand Ave area is the street which cuts through the middle part of the city. In the years of 1970s, this avenue was the eastern boundary of the Grand Pairie common field, and left a narrow strip east to west area for the agricultural use. The common field area that extended from St. Louis Ave on the south to Carter Ave on the north, and from Grand west to Newstead and Marcut ave is todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Fairground neighborhood in city of St. Louis. Resource: Where we live: a guide to St. Louis communities, edited by Tim Fox; introduction by Eric Sandweiss. St. Louis: Missouri Historical Society Press, c1995 -62-

An arts and crafts program is one of the many activities available to members of the Herbert Hoover Boys’ Club, located on the former site of Sportsman’s Park. Herbert Hoover Boys’ Club.

Until 1950, African American children were denied the right to use the pool at Fairgrounds Park. Here, a father asks the pool superintendent to admit his sons. The boys were refused entry. Photograph by Ed Meyer. Missouri Historical Society Photograph and Print Collection.

The community’s famous attractions and easy access to streetcar facilities encouraged early residential development of city of St. Louis. Subdivisions extended until the edge of the fairgrounds around 1860s, and the area continued to develop until early 1900s. But the city developed other areas for the recreation, and the Fairground Park area gradually lost its status identity as the center of entertainment. By the late 1960s, residents watched the games in the new Busch Stadium in downtown to cheer on the Cardinals rather than riding the streetcar up Grand. Nowadays, the Fairground neighborhood is struggling with the problems that face all urban neighborhoods. Residents try to preserve their community. Also the Fairground neighborhood organization is focusing on their efforts on restoring and revitalizing their park as a place for entertainment. This park has its own historic identity and it could be a great potential for the future development in the whole neighborhood.

Resource: Where we live: a guide to St. Louis communities, edited by Tim Fox; introduction by Eric Sandweiss. St. Louis: Missouri Historical Society Press, c1995 -63-

Sportsmanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Park, at Grand and Dodier, was the home of the St. Louis Cardinals from 1920 until 1966. When the ball club was moved to the new Busch Stadium downtown, August A. Busch, Jr., donated the site of the old stadium to the Herbert Hoover Boysâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Club. Missouri Historical Society Photograph and Print Collection.

North Grand Boulevard was vital to the popularity of the Fairground Park, as it offered an easy way for people from the city to get to the then-remote recreational area. More importantly, the road encouraged residential development and commerce. Even though the streetcars did not run for the sports team any more, as well as the Busch Stadium has moved toward to downtown, the north Grand Ave area is still a significant connection between North St. Louis and the South City. In the year of 1855, a group of businessmen formed the Agricultural and Mechanical Association for the purpose of giving and annual trade fair, which the first one opened on 13th of October of 1856, and it ran for a week. Manufacturers displayed their latest inventions, and farmers from outstate brought their best livestock and produce, competing for huge premiums.

Resource: Where we live: a guide to St. Louis communities, edited by Tim Fox; introduction by Eric Sandweiss. St. Louis: Missouri Historical Society Press, c1995 -64-

Hyde Park’s water towers, one on Grand Avenue (foreground) and the other on Bissell Street (background), are two of only seven such structures remaining in the nation. Photograph by Lester Linck. Missouri Historical Society Photograph and Print Collection.

Turnvereins were vital social and cultural centers for the German community in St. Louis. In the Hyde Park neighborhood, the North St. Louis Turnverein, formed in 1860, was the city’s third such organization. In addition to gymnastics, Turnvereins were involved in various political causes. Missouri Historical Society Photograph and Print Collection.

Over the years, three hundred buildings were constructed for the Fairground neighborhood. In the 1870s a zoo was constructed in the southeast corner of the fairgrounds. The bear pit structure, dating to 1876, is the only building remaining from the fair. In the year of 1884 the Fairground neighborhood received a blow from the Exposition Hall of downtown. Then the last fair the neighborhood was in 1902. The city purchased the abandoned fairgrounds in 1908, then removing its structures, reopened the site as Fairground Park in 1909, which is today’s Fairground Park in the north city of St. Louis.

Resource: Where we live: a guide to St. Louis communities, edited by Tim Fox; introduction by Eric Sandweiss. St. Louis: Missouri Historical Society Press, c1995 -65-

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HISTORY OF HOMER G HOSPITAL IN NORTH STL

Homer G. Phillips Hospital was the only hospital for African Americans in St. Louis, Missouri, from 1937 until 1955, when the city still had segregated facilities. Located at 2601 N. Whittier Street in The Ville neighborhood, it was the first teaching hospital west of the Mississippi River to serve blacks. Resource: United States Department of the Interior Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service (National Register of Historic Places Inventory: Nomination Form)

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HISTORY OF HOMER G HOSPITAL IN NORTH STL

Increased Black Population

Construction of Building

Between 1910 and 1920, the black population of St. Louis increased by 6%, as rural migrants came North in the Great Migration to take industrial jobs, but the phenomenon is public City Hospital served only whites, and had no facilities for black patients or staff

Construction began in October 1932, with the city initially using funds from the 1923 bond issue and later from the newly formed Public Works Administration. City architect Albert Osburg was the primary designer of the building. The building finished between 1936-1937

Small Hospital

Leader of

A group of black community leaders bought a 177-bed hospital at Garrison and Lawson avenues on the North City of St. Louis to offer the healthcare service. In the year of 1923, after the city refused the bond, Homer G Phillips successfully debated and plan to build a new hospital

1910

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1920

1930

From the 1940pital was a lead ing the practice feeding and t gunshot wound burns. By 1948, idents included third of all gradu

1940

Accept Other Races

Shut Down of Hospital

After a 1955 order by Mayor Raymond Tucker to desegregate city hospitals, Homer G. Phillips began admitting patients regardless of race, color or religious beliefs. However, it remained a primarily black institution into the 1960s

From 1964 until 1979, no other departments were moved. However, on August 17, 1979, St. Louis abruptly closed all departments at Homer G. Phillips Hospital except for a small outpatient care clinic housed in an adjacent building

f Practice

Proposal of Merge

-1950, the hosder in develope of intravenous treatments for ds, ulcers, and its medical resmore than one uates

1950

As early as 1961, proposals were made to merge Homer G. Phillips with City Hospital. Although some leaders in the black community opposed the idea, others accepted the notion

1960

1970

1980

Resource: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer_G._Phillips_Hospital, United States Department of the Interior Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service (National Resgister of Historic Places Inventory: Nomination Form)

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SANBORN MAP

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* St. Louis City Sanborn Map, Resource From: -71Washington University in St. Louis Library

SANBORN MAP 1998

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* St. Louis City Sanborn Map, Resource From: -73Washington University in St. Louis Library

SANBORN MAP 1916

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* St. Louis City Sanborn Map, Resource From: -75Washington University in St. Louis Library

SANBORN MAP 1951

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* St. Louis City Sanborn Map, Resource From: -77Washington University in St. Louis Library

SANBORN MAP LEGEND

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SANBORN MAP LEGEND

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* St. Louis City Sanborn Map, Resource From: Washington University in St. Louis Library -81-

PROGRAM & DESIGN

Fl or

iss

tA ve

rte

Gr an

dB lvd

rA ve

Pe n

ros e

St SITE

eA ve

ssu

Public Park

Ave

LEGEND Abandoned Lots City Blocks Residential Building Comercial Building Public Building N

Site is in the neighborhood of Fairground, which is located along the Ground Blvd. There are different types of buildings in this area, and -84abandoned buildings as well.

0.05

0.1 MI

EDUCATION PART Administration

500 ft

Classroom

Teacher

500 ft

Seminar

Ohters

Meeting

LAB

500 ft

Meeting

500 ft

FACULTY

5000 ft

1000 ft

Library

3000 ft

1000 ft

Auditorium

2000 ft

1000 ft

STUDENT

GYM

3000 ft

PUBLIC

HEALTHCARE PART

Doctor

Nurse

Pharmacy

Meeting

FACULTY

1000 ft

2000 ft

Emergency

Child

Prenatal

Primary

TREATMENT

1000 ft

6000 ft

3000 ft

1000 ft

Childern

Prenatal

IN-PATIENT

5000 ft

2000 ft

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PROGRAM DIAGRAM

Vacant Lots in Between

Redesign Existing Space

FACULTY

COMMUNITY CHILDREN

PARENT

Playground & Farming in Between

EDUCATION -86-

HEALTHCARE

PROGRAM & FUNCTION DISTRIBUTION CATEGORY

OBJECT

Faculty

EDUCATION

Student

Public

Faculty

HEALTHCARE Treatment

Inpatient

FUNCTION

AREA (FT2)

Administration Office

500

Teacher Office

500

Others Office

500

Meeting Room

500

Classroom

5000

Seminar Room

1000

Lab/Workshop

1000

Meeting Room

1000

Library

3000

Auditorium

2000

Playground & GYM

5000

Administration

1000

Doctor Office

1000

Nurse Station

1000

Pharmacy

2000

Meeting Room

2000

Emergency Room

1000

Health Assessment

1000

Child Care

6000

Prenatal Care

3000

Primary Care

1000

Children Inpatient

5000

Prenatal care Inpatient

2000

20000

26000

This project mainly aims on child care and education for under age 5 years old. Also supply healthcare for adult about prenatal care for the Fairground Neighborhood. The total population of children under age 5 years in this area is about 110-120. So the program and square feet are based on the certain population in the neighborhood.

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TRANSIT OF SITE

LEGEND Demolish Residential Commercial Abandoned Park / Playground Parking 0 -88-

60 FT

O SR

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PROJECT PROGRAM POSSIBILITY 1

? PARKING

-90-

? PARKING

RECONSTITUTION PARKING

EDUCATION

HEALTHCARE

ABANDONED

RECONSTITUTION

PLAYGROUND

0 * St. Louis City Sanborn Map, Resource From: Washington University in St. Louis Library

60 FT

-91-

PROJECT PROGRAM POSSIBILITY 1

Cla

ssr o

De ve

LEGEND Demolish Residential Commercial Abandoned Park / Playground Parking 0 -92-

60 FT

? PARKING

Offi ce Cla

ssr o

elo

cep

tio

Oth

ION

Ur ge

T CA

ILD

U ED

ild

Wo m

In-

AR HC T AL

ren

spi

tal

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PROJECT PROGRAM POSSIBILITY 2

? PARKING

-94-

? PARKING

RECASTING

PARKING

EDUCATION

HEALTHCARE

ABANDONED

RECASTING

PLAYGROUND

0 * St. Louis City Sanborn Map, Resource From: Washington University in St. Louis Library

60 FT

-95-

PROJECT PROGRAM POSSIBILITY 2

Cla

ssr o

cep

LEGEND Demolish Residential Commercial Abandoned Park / Playground Parking 0 -96-

60 FT

tio

? PARKING

Offi ce De vel o

IO AT UC

Oth

D DE

Ch en

In-

ild

Wo m

Ur ge

AR HC T AL

ren

spi

tal

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SITE SECTION

Lee (2-way)

There is a historical church on the other side of the site and also some commercial buildings, such as restaurant, grocery store and fast food etc. Besides, there are some residential buildings with vacancy as well.

Lee

Fast food

-98-

Residential

Church

SITE RANGE SECTION

12.5

25 FT

Kossuth

Residential

Restaurant

Grocery

Site Range 0

50 FT

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SITE SECTION

Obear

Obear (2-way)

Abandoned

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Abandoned Commercial

Grand

50 FT

Grand (2-way)

Project (part)

Site Range

12.5

25 FT

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POSITIVE LOOP OF COMMUNITY BASED HEALTH PROGRAM MODEL

EDUCATION

Basic Hea Educa lth tion

Teachers

Emerg enc Rescu y e

Administrators

Behavior Acting Out Effect

Healthy Diet EDU

Organize Community Health Programs

Sports Meeting

CAMPUS

Stud

Program Making

tio

BOUNDARY IN BETWEEN

ica

Community Leaders

COMMUNITY

Pare He

re s

Dire ct Effe ly ct

Ad v Co oca mm te un into ity

Positive

Resid

Behavior Effe

Whole Co

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HEALTH CARE SERVICE

Health

EDU

Health t smen Asses

Nurses Administrators

ita sp Ho

re-

e Effect

BOUNDARY IN BETWEEN

Good Healthcare Outcome

dents

ommunity

sP ces c A to e ity l Car n u a t t or na pp

ss cce A y to nit care u t h r po ealt H Op

Doctors

Emergency

r Acting ect

GOOD EDUCATION OUTCOME

Access to Healthcare

ents

Cooperation

In Drop off & Pick up

Supervise Act

L To ear ge nin th g er

dents

ved cei e r e dg tP ver nowle n o K to C re Try althca He

Behavior Acting Effect

COMMUNITY WELLNESS & THRIVE

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CIRCUMSTANCES IN PROGRAM

Teaching children about the healthy diet knowledge, which maybe contain how to keep diet, how to control weight, how to keep daily healthy etc.

Healthy Diet Education Program https://civileats.com/2012/05/08/veterans-infuse-new-life-into-agriculture/

School hold sports meeting for children, and available for their parents as well, which is a good opportunity to strengthen their relationship together.

Parent-child Sports Meeting in Site http://www.prep.ac.th/sports-day/

Prenatal care is a specific healthcare field in the healthcare system. This program could supply proper service for women who are pregnancy.

Prenatal Care for Adult https://co.beaufort.nc.us/departments/human-services/public-health/departments/clinical-services/prenatal-care -104-

Children with well educated healthy knowledge is a good effect on their parents as well. Also their parents could be a good be a good example to the whole community.

Healthy Kids Effect Parents Behavior https://www.coltsneckpediatrics.com/blog/post

When parents or grandparents pick up children, they might get time to get the opportunity about healthcare in the institution.

Picking up Kids to Access Health Care https://communitybenefit.bjc.org/community-health-programs

The emergency care is also available in the community in case there are any emergency situations happen inside of the neighborhood.

Emergency Care https://communitybenefit.bjc.org/community-health-programs -105-

CIRCUMSTANCES IN PROGRAM

Healthcare center and school also provide some lectures for the certain period of time in the community. The lecture will let residents learn more about the basic knowledge of keeping healthy.

Healthy Lecture for Children & Parents https://www.chicoer.com/2016/09/05/building-a-healthynorth-state-center-for-healthy-communities-celebrates-15years/

When children get assessment about their health, their parents could also get as well, which is a high efficient way for the community to improve the health status level.

MommyBaby Health Assessment for Wellness https://www.healthline.com/health/childrens-health-doctors

The program supply not only out-hospital service, but also in-hospital service as well for the patients who have to stay in the hospital more than one day.

In-hospital for Pregnancy https://www.nerdwallet.com/blog/health/how-much-does-itcost-to-have-a-baby/ -106-

This program provide children and their parents about basic knowledge of primary care.

Teaching Students Primary Care With Parents https://communitybenefit.bjc.org/community-health-programs

The program give children about healthcare programs which contain urgent care and regular ones as well.

Regular Health Care for Children https://www.unitedway.org

Many illness of children has to stay inside of the hospital, however, many institution could not supply this service. This program provide specific in-hospital service only for children.

In-hospital for Children https://dissolve.com/stock-photo -107-

CASE STUDY

LAURIER BRANTFORD YMCA

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LAURIER BRANTFORD YMCA, CANADA Architects: CannonDesign Area: 11148.3 ft2 Year: 2018 Photographs: Adrian Williams Manufacturers: Armstrong Ceilings, Roxul, Special-Lite, Tremco, Trimble Navigation, Alumicor, Robert McNeel & Associates, AutoDesk

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1 Floor Plan

Area: 27,000 Sq Ft

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1. Lobby 2. Aquatic Center 3. Locker Room 4. Child-minding

5. GYM 6. Youth Zone 7. Loading 8. Competition

1. Dance/Yoga 2. Wellness Fitness Center 3. Conference Room 4. Consultation

5. Announcers Booths 6. Aerobic 7. Spectator

2 Floor Plan

TEXT DESCRIPTION PROVIDED BY THE ARCHITECTS The result of a dynamic partnership between the YMCA of Hamilton|Burlington|Brantford and Wilfrid Laurier University, the Laurier Brantford YMCA revitalizes the City of Brantford as a hub for community health, recreation and wellness. The two clients worked together through a highly collaborative design process that ensured all ideas and possibilities were uncovered and needs best met as they shaped a project to create exciting new opportunities for students and local residents.

*Resource from: https://www.archdaily.com/search/all?q=community%20healthcare%20with%20education

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To reflect the historical facade

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*Resource from: https://www.archdaily.com/search/all?q=community%20healthcare%20with%20education

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THE ALZHEIMER VILLAGE

THE ALZHEIMER VILLAGE IN DAX, FRANCE Architects: Nord Architects, Champagnat & Gregoire, Groupe Cauros Area: 107,000 ft2 Year: 2016 Renderings: Nord Architects Status: Under Construction Resource: https://www.nordarchitects.dk/alzheimer-dax

Master Plan

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Innovation And Renewal of A Traditional Nursing Home

THE ALZHEIMER VILLAGE IN DAX, FRANC The Alzheimer Village in Dax, France, is innovation and renewal of a traditional nursing home for people with Alzheimer. The residents live in smaller houses, where they are included in the everyday-life and where life quality and healing architecture is in focus. The houses are spread out in the landscape, in which the residents can move freely and safely. In the village center they have a shop, hairdresser, restaurant, cultural center and healthcare center, so that they have everything they need for in order to have an almost normal everyday life.

*Resource from: https://www.nordarchitects.dk/alzheimer-dax

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Floor Plan

THE ALZHEIMER VILLAGE IN DAX, FRANC There is also a research center and housing for visiting researchers and volunteers in the village, to attract resources from all over the world. Four houses create a neighbourhood with its own identity and courtyard. All together there are four neighborhoods connected by an urban street leading up to the village center. Paths full of experiences and sensory inputs with different characters lie as loops in the landscape. They lead through nature and vegetation and gives several ways of staying the in the nature.

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*Resource from: https://www.nordarchitects.dk/alzheimer-dax

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BIBLIOG REFERE CITATIO BIBLIOG REFERE CITATIO

GRAPHY ENCE ON GRAPHY ENCE ON BIBLIOGRAPHY

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REFERENCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS & MAGAZINE & ARTICLES 1. Public Health Understanding of Our Needs, update 2016, The City of St. Louis Department of Health 2. 2008 Health Information National Trends Survey 3. Araham H. Maslow, Motivation and Personality, Harper & Row Publishers, 1954 4. Comprehensive community needs assessment 2017, Maslowâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hierarchy of Needs 5. Report for community of Affinia healthcare center in 2017 6. United States Department of the Interior Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service (National Register of Historic Places Inventory: Nomination Form) 7. Where we live: a guide to St. Louis communities, edited by Tim Fox; introduction by Eric Sandweiss. St. Louis: Missouri Historical Society Press, c1995 8. Department of the Interior Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service (National Register of Historic Places Inventory: Nomination Form) 9. St. Louis City Sanborn Map, Washington University in St. Louis Library 10. Saint Louis Local Public Health System Assessment, November 2017, Illinois Public Health Institute 11. City of St. Louis Community Health Assessment (CHA), October 2012, Research and Evaluation Solutions, Inc, Community Health Assessment Consultant 12. Issues in Missouri Health Care, Missouri Foundation for Health, 2013 13. Center Keeps Focus on Community Well-being, CSUF News Service, October 19, 2017 14. The Healthy Schools Toolkit, Washington University School of Medicine, 2017 15. Why do People Avoid Medical Care? A Qualitative Study Using National Data, Jennifer M. Taber, Ph.D., Bryan Leyva, B.A, and Alexander Persoskie, Ph.D, 2014

INTERNET 1. https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/st-louis-struggles-to-keep-up-with-rising-tide-of/article_fb0c5dd4-bcfa-588d-b2e2-301abbc0a728.html 2. https://www.cdc.gov 3. https://www.census.gov 4. https://www.dynamic.stlouis-mo.gov 5. https://www.stltoday.com/news/multimedia/special/interactive-map-vacant-buildings-in-st-louis/html_ 6d9544ad-4686-59ee-93be-992761fa1206.html

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6. https://www.affiniahealthcare.org 7. St. Louis City Map, Washington University in St. Louis Library GIS LouisData 8. https://www.stlmag.com/North-Side-Story-A-Brief-History-of-the-Near-North-Side 9. https://www.distilledhistory.com/stlwatertowers 10. https://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer_G._Phillips_Hospital 11. https://www.civileats.com/2012/05/08/veterans-infuse-new-life-into-agriculture 12. http://www.prep.ac.th/sports-day 13. https://www.chicoer.com/2016/09/05/building-a-healthy-north-state-center-for-healthy-communities-celebrates-15-years 14. https://www.co.beaufort.nc.us/departments/human-services/public-health/departments/clinical-services/prenatal-care 15. https://www.communitybenefit.bjc.org/community-health-programs 16. https://www.coltsneckpediatrics.com/blog/post 17. https://www.unitedway.org 18. https://www.dissolve.com/stock-photo 19. https://www.archdaily.com/search/all?q=community%20healthcare%20with%20education 20. https://www.nordarchitects.dk/alzheimer-dax

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