Internship OBA by Tijmen van Gurp

Internship B3.1

Internship B3.1 Final concept: RFID Book recommandations Coach: Oscar Tomico Coach Oba: Rob Visser

Tijmen van Gurp s081936 Bachelor : Industrial Design TU/eindhoven

Contents Internship B3.1 ABSTRACT:

1 8

SITUATION OF INTERNSHIP: MOTIVATION: GOALS AND OPPORTUNITIES CONCEPT

8 8 8 9

INTERNSHIP

CONTEXT OBA

HOW EXPECTED CHANGE IN SOCIETY PUTS PRESSURE ON LIBRARY’S

Research

BALTAN SESSIONS: CONTEXT MAPPING / CO-REFLECTION IN OBA CO-REFLECTION CONTEXT MAPPING CONTEXT/CO-REFLECTIVE SESSION OBA

25 27 27 30 30

USER INVOLVEMENT FIRST MONTH

CONCLUSIONS VISITS PEOPLE TO OBA

EXISTING INTERACTIVE PRODUCTS IN LIBRARIES RFID TECHNOLOGY ROTUNDA LOCATION FUTURE

LIBRARIES

2020 VISION BRITISH LIBRARY

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EBOOK TRENDs

RESEARCH PREVIOUS PROJECTS

RESULT

IDEATION:

BOOK BAR PHYSICAL SEARCH PLAYFUL SEARCH TREND WATCHING LYBRARYTHING ++ VISUAL REFLECTION OF COLLECTIONS WALL OF BOOKS MY FINAL CONCEPT IN ITS FIRST STATE. PUBLISH YOUR OWN WORK TO OBA PERSONAL LIBRARY BUSINESS VS OBA DIGITAL BOOKMARKS IN PHYSICAL BOOKS SILK OPEN MARGIN SCOOPIT

52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 60 60 61 61 61

FUTURE OF EBOOKS IDEO FUTURE OF THE eBOOKS EBOOK FIGURES

42 43 44

CLASSIFICATION

SOCIAL SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL SOCIAL AND DIGITAL DIGITAL MIDDLE BlOCK FACTS PHYSICAL PHYSICAL AND PERSONAL DIGITAL AND PERSONAL PERSONAL CONCLUSIONS RESEARCH:

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CONCEPTS

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THE FINAL CONCEPT

DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT SCENARIO INTERVIEWS: CONCLUSIONS:

63 64 69 70

CHOOSING FINAL CONCEPT

DEVELOPMENT OF PROTOTYPE

Technology CONCLUSIONS

FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES EVALUATION: REFLECTION PROCESS WHAT DID I DO? REFLECTION ON THE ACTIVITIES LIST OF METHODS AND THEORY THAT I CAN USE FOR MY FINAL BACHELOR PROJECT bibliografie

APPENDIX: A APPENDIX C JISC APPENDIX E

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ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: SITUATION OF INTERNSHIP:

This semester I did an internship at the OBA and DQI under supervision of Oscar Tomico (TU/e) and Rob Visser (principal of Digital Library OBA). The internship I did was for 3 months. I started in February and ended in June, with some weeks off in between. I worked in Amsterdam as well as in Eindhoven.

MOTIVATION:

Hi my name is Tijmen van Gurp and I am currently in my first semester from my third year of bachelor industrial Design. For my internship I searched for a challenge. Initially I searched for working in a design company. While searching for an internship I received the opportunity to do my internship for one of the largest libraries in Europe the OBA (Openbare Bibliotheek OBA). I took this opportunity with both hands because I liked the opportunity and that I could start right away. As one of my previous projects was for a library, where I worked mostly on the aesthetics. I was thrilled to see what I could do in a real situation for a library with over a million visitors a year. I was looking to see what my expertise would be worth in a company setting. And how I could develop my technology skills even further.

opportunities for my internship. The most important aspect of this discussion was defining my task. This was: “Create a playful way to know what the users can’t find. Catch the eye at the beginning. This system has to be inviting to participate. “ For the full summary of this discussion see Appendix A.

GOALS AND OPPORTUNITIES

In January 2011 Oscar Tomico, Rob Visser and I had a short discussion to discuss the

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CONCEPT

My final concept is an interactive system that provides user the ability to write their personal story about a book, and leave this behind on a screen in the library. This story can be viewed, by other users, new stories can be put on top of other storyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s users have the control in their own hand. Books can be rated, and commented in this system, which gives the library the opportunity to compete with systems as Amazon on a more local level. People can interact with this system in a playful way, they can leave their personal recommendation on displays of their choice. They can rate good stories, share them over the internet, or read them back at home. The concept should be connected and in-

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tegrated with the current system of the library, and give users a reason to share their opinion. Giving users freedom to add extra digital content to the physical books in a easy and playful way is key to this concept. The provided information by the users can be used by the library to make their collection even better and more personal.

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2 INTERNSHIP

INTERNSHIP HOW EXPECTED CHANGE IN SOCIETY PUTS PRESSURE ON LIBRARYâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S

I want to start this internship report by sharing my vision on current libraries and how the change in society puts pressure on libraries to Innovate and make changes.

change will go even go further which makes libraries central places of sharing culture, ideas and work together in stead of only the information they provide. We also live in an era where the information on the internet grows exponentially which makes filtering out relevant information more and more important. I see the future libraries integrated within the web providing the most relevant books in their physical shape. Providing expertise, collections and sets of books in all kinds of ways will stay important in the future next to the data on the internet because data in books is of a higher quality with a strong connection to its source(the author(s)). But providing the right expertise and providing the right collection in its physical form means that libraries will need a big community network and well organized CMS to filter out the most relevant information to the end users.

Starting from the ancient Egypt humans already stored rolls of papyrus with a library classification system. (Ives, 1954) But a lot has changed when the computer appeared and could take over a lot of paper work. Even though we have computers now there is still a lot more possible in the Content Management systems area(CMS), especially on libraries as big as the OBA with 800.000 books on the floor they have a huger opportunity in the data mining, and visualizing field. In the future we will have better ways to visualize and search through large data sets. Each libraries has to become self-organized systems where the users are the motor of Libraries have to change their appearance, change. Users accentuate the accents of behaviour and functionality if they want to what is important for them in each library. compete with other facilitations of information due to the growth of technological Society changes towards an era where we possibilities. Especially the mobile devices have total freedom on what information with connection to the internet will provide they read and what we communicate to sopeople with books and other information ciety over the internet. Libraries have to rewhere ever they are. act on this disturbance and change to new level of information providing. Today there is already a shift in libraries that change their services from books towards computer facilities, study and meeting rooms, educational programs, television and radio shows, theatre and more. This

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A disturbance has variety of its own. Unless a community has corresponding variety to cancel it, the variety in a disturbance will overwhelm the community. Variety cancels variety.

misfit (pain)

C af onv fu fec ent or rthe ts re ions su ind r in lat ex rp ire no ed ist ris ct va c in Jo ing ef tio on a pr sep an fec n. A ven we th oce h S d c ts a s tio b o on re the ns f cu th e ec ss ch e o o of um se no cy an ltu n qu t k cl d m re ld om ind pe on ic us te en no e c a . I r e, ce w on y r nn t r inc stru ial des s u ab tin ed ova es ctu mu cri nin le in ue uce tio b t sa re at e te ad s, s th n in nt fr io s c nd v e ei ly om n t re ed an co r “ one cr . ce nd fit,” p ea wi hat ativ . R - o h lac tin thi inc e d es r th as e g a n, i es es ult ir te n s ne ce an tru s c d-o nin c w ss tly ti an rd g on an re on be er e.” tly vo as de lut “t str ion he oy ize ing s

A disturbance upsets an existing convention. This is a root cause of innovation.

i nc re a st he

Misfit manifests itself as pain. It exacts a cost— physical, mental, social, or financial—on members of the community.

l ike il h oo d of

that is large enough gains

A misfit arises when a convention no longer maintains a desired relation between a community and its context.

recognition (definition) Recognition of misfit comes from observation and experience. Research methods—such as ethnography—help.

frames possibilities fo

But identifying a problem requires definition. Definitions are constructed—agreed to. They have constituencies. Thus, definition is a political act, an exercise of power.

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variety (experiences)

W. Ross Ashby describes variety as a measure of information. Variety describes a system’s potential to respond to disturbances—the options it has available. Applied to communities, variety describes the experiences—the richness of language and range of cultural tools—they can bring to bear on problems. In a stable environment, increasing efficiency makes sense. Do what you’ve been doing, but do it better and at a lower cost. That means narrowing language—decreasing variety.

In an unstable environment, pursuing efficiency may actually be dangerous. You may get better at doing the wrong thing—at doing something that no longer matters. The key is to make sure what you produce is valuable, before you worry about making it more efficiently. Increasing effectiveness calls for increasing variety—changing perspective, bringing new people, new experience, and new language into the conversation and expanding the field of action.

Te pr sti po oble ng a ss m p ibi o rot lity r d ot to efin ype try iti m ing on ay ot of g rais he o e r a als qu pp . R es ro efr tio ac am ns he in ab s. g o ou r r t th ef e ini fr ng am op ing en o st fa he

b m i is

Pressure from outside or decay inside changes the relationship between a community and its context. That relationship—formalized as a convention—is no longer comfortable, no longer a fit.

c (u reat np iv lan e d ne est d c ru on ctio se n qu en ce s)

e nc a al

change (disturbance) disturbs relations creating

Entropy always increases. Resisting entropy requires energy and variety. Inevitably, both are limited.

if strong, raise calls for efficiency, dangerously reducing

inevitably lead to

lo te r

Map of Innovation a mode

le (re arn fin ing ing p go roce als ss )

p os e ng each faces

pressure (external) decay (internal)

innov

to recognize

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2020 Vision British library As most of my vision and things I learned about the future of libraries came out the 2020 vision of the British library I want to share this with you. “We estimate that by 2020, 75% of all titles worldwide will be published in digital form only, or in both digital and print. Our ambition is to preserve digital content for the long term in order to safeguard our intellectual heritage so that it can be used by future generations of researchers. In the digital world, an explosion of user-generated content, the creation of more research data and ubiquity of online search tools provide new opportunities. At the same time, inter-operability of library systems and automated processing opens up the potential for a re-think of traditional stewardship and collecting. As digital formats become the norm, our rich resource of physical content will become more precious. It is thus vital that we continue to develop our worldclass stewardship skills in conservation and preservation. “

2020 VISION

Advancing the world’s knowledge

All new books will also appear in its digital form, or only in its digital form. The British library sees an opportunity in preserving intellectual property for the future . I think in the far future it will be precious to have physical books as the digital form becomes the standard. (2020 Vision)

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CONTEXT OBA FACTS AND FIGURES OBA The public library of Amsterdam has 27 branches where the “OBA aan de Ode” next to the central station is the main location. Next to lending books they have more than 500 theme exhibitions and 7500 cultural activities like theatre plays, games, events and workshops every year. They have over 1,5 million books in their collection and 4,2 million visitor each year where 1,2 million is visiting the “OBA aan de Ode”. In comparison with these high visiting numbers the amount of members in my opinion is quite small only 160.000 for the 1,2 million loans a year.

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The OBA where I worked has 28.000 m2, which holds 25.000 meters of book shelves, 490 computers with connection to the Wi-Fi on all the floors. They also have a theatre with 250 seats, a restaurant and more.(Amsterdam, 2011) For as far as I know the Oba is mostly financed by the government. The government currently cutting its costs drastically and there is not that much room for innovation. The system for providing the Oba money is partly based on the facts and figures I just pointed out above. The danger is that these figures might be interpreted wrong, as there are also visitors who only use the computer

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which are free for the whole visiting public without registration. This means that they have a lot of users of their system that are not officially registered as a user. Also I think that almost 2/3 of the user come for services not related to books and 1/3 come for books. Which raises the question to me if the government is still providing their money in a correct way as libraries are not the same as they once where.

available. Producers of content the user is trying to best achieve their products and services through various media channels to spread and per channel (combinations of) text, images and sounds to offer. Interactivity and co-creation through social media and Web 2.0 solutions play a decisive role. These changes have expanded the media landscape, fundamentally different and more varied than ever before.

GOALS AND APPROACH OBA

There were some key factors in the report that they point out that I see as big opporThe following text is the translation of the tunities for the library to work on. These Annual report of the OBA 2011. I selected are: the most important parts of the report for my internship. From scarcity to abundance: The opportunity is to filter out most relDigitalization has permanently changed the evant information and provide this informasocial environment. Internet is growing in tion on such a way that people can adapt information and forms of entertainment the information as if it would be scarce. from a growing number of different sources

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From physical to digital: The opportunity is to link the physical world to the digital world. This link will add extra value of the World Wide Web to the physical content keeping its physical qualities. From consumption to co-creation: The opportunity is providing users the freedom to create content for the library .In such a way that the content created is valuable for other users and the library itself. The context of the library should ad meaning and importance for users who created content. This content can be, stories, expertise, recommendations etc. Next to naming what is happening in the world the OBA also names their projects they already have, like the rotunda and their interactive website. Another important point that is going on in the library now is that making collections of books going to be done on a more global level by the company NBD/ Biblion. This means that the purchases of new books and connecting works to each other will be done nationally. (OBA, 2011) REQUIREMENTS OBA: FOR CONCEPT

me a guideline, and for the rest I had all the freedom to develop whatever I want. This is also because communicating concepts and developing concepts in such a big company was also new for me and let to miscommunications to both sides. In de end I developed a concept as good as possible with the requirements I did receive. MY OPINION ABOUT WORK ATMOSPHERE IN OBA All the people I worked with in the library where very kind and open to me. But I noticed that there was nobody yet working on an interactive system within the library which made the situation hard to find someone to talk about what I was doing. Employees where enthusiastic about my concepts but they were also sceptical about how my ideas could be implemented in the future. As I am focused on finding opportunities they were focused on possible implications my concept might give. Of course this is understandable and innovation is a hard thing, but this made it difficult to share my ideas and concepts knowing that they where not finished yet. I think the OBA or on a more global level NBD biblion, libraries need a place where people can work on innovative solutions in teams where they can share expertise and opinions. If the OBA wants to innovate on a short term they should focus on their existing systems and make them work even better.

Even though I asked a couple of times for more specific directions I did not receive more clear requirements than stated in the Goals and opportunities section in the abstract. Providing the library with IMPLEMENTATION RESTRICTIONS information about books that are currently not in the library seemed to be for The Oba was officially opened on 07-07-07,

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it was a building of 47 million euroâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. But the architect has still the rights over the building which makes it difficult to make any changes to the interior. The infrastructure of the building is in such a way that the only place where all the people pass by is right in the beginning, from there on there are elevators to all the floors. Making an interactive system work for the whole public it has to be big enough to catch enough eyes. Which is difficult to facilitate in the entrance of the building. RESTRICTIONS OF A BIG COMPANY While working in the Oba I saw a lot of restrictions. I was thinking too big about implementing a concept in the library without trying out how the concept would work. I wanted to try out with the real users but before I was able to do something like that I first needed permission and a finished setup that looked good enough to be able to fit in the library before I could test something out with the users in the library. I think now the bigger a company is the more restrictions and rules you have. Only if you know people from different levels of the company you can get things done otherwise it costs a lot of time and effort to get something through. APPROACH: Before I started the internship I analysed my development of previous semester, set up goals for this semester and transformed it into a planning. In the next part you can read all about this.

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SWOT ANALYSIS: Strengths: If I have clear finished concept or idea in my head I can work hard to work it out. And I am well capable of teaching myself new things to achieve the goal. I am an analyser and can make relations between complex data and visualize them. I have passion for drawing and creating data representations. I have acquired already some programming skills over the past 2 years and I am eager to develop it further.

speed in the process. I have to watch out that my analysing part is in balance with the trying out new things part. I need to have clear goals and a lot of short term goals to achieve my end goal. In my communication I can leave things I work on in the background because of my uncertainty.

Opportunities: The Oba is a large company, working there will give me the opportunity to broaden my horizon. The RFID technology already available in the library is an opportunity for me to develop my programming skills further Weakness: and develop concept that be integrated in I can be too much of a perfectionist and the current system. uncertain about my work which slows down the development. Working in a Threats: team or having regular discussions with The company is really big which will cost my coach is necessary for me to keep me quite some time to get familiar with the

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people and the information structure. And as most of them have jobs not related to innovation it is a treat that I will not work that much on creating physical products but would work more on development of new concept. INTERNSHIP GOALS

I want to test out things in quick prototypes in different iteration focusing on the role, look and feel, and the implementation of a prototype. I want to develop this further because I still can need some development in this era. And most of the time I would spend too much time on thinking instead of trying things out.

Concept development and communication This internship I will have the opportunity to develop ideas for the Oba, I want to be better in communication my concepts. That is why I want to practice my sketching and drawing skills. I want to focus this semester on making a lot of drawings, and put all my ideas and sketches in a sketch book. I want to make higher quality illustrations to explain my thoughts about concepts.

Context of library I want to gain more knowledge about design opportunities and changes within big libraries as the Oba. And see what my meaning for such a system could be as a starting industrial designer. There will not be expert designers there to teach me things but the OBA will give me the opportunity to see what capabilities I already have. And what I need to work on further.

User involvement, new methods As Oscar Tomico is my coach I can learn more from him. I want to learn more about different brainstorm methods, interview methods and ways to work together with my end users to come to broaden my perspective on user/designer interactions. As the OBA is my client I see the opportunity for interaction between me and the users and the employees. Integrating technology I want to be able to make websites in HTML and CSS as my previous expertise was in flash based websites. I want to have a working prototype that will probably need some coding to achieve that goal. Quick prototyping

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Communication WEEK Description Of activities As I work between 2 companies the OBA and DQI I want to keep track of what I am doing parties can look initial research, first meetings, development PDP, Week online 6 and 7 so that both Setting up internship, Co-reflective and Brainstorms. into it. I want to do this with toolssessions like Prezi and maybe a website. Week 8 and 9

Session with employees of OBA, generating ideas, work out ideas, visit Koos design, context mapping

Experts I am eager to learn a lot in all the differWeek 10 and 11 contextfor mapping session, research future-books, and libraries, ent competencies. I Working will keepout looking + carnival experts that can give me helpful feedback, and support in my design process. I also Week 12 and 13 Analyzing previous projects classifying them. Startup showcase, learned want to look for books that can help me WordPress, worked out my initial research in a blog grow further as a person as well as a deWeek 14Ifand 15 are new Work out 3that ideas,I have preparing midterm ( personal issues worked not as well signer. there things as I wanted) to teach myself than I will look for tutoriWeek ( week of) --- to work with. als and16existing materials GLOBAL DESCRIPTION OF DIFFERENT ACWeek 17 Planning interviews, choosing final concept TIVITIES Week 18

The next web conference

Week 20

Work out interviews, start learning PHP processing

Week 21 and 22

Still learning PHP and developing prototype

Week 23

Developing final prototype

Week 24

Report and exhibition

I have kept track of all my activities in Prezi and also used it to plan in advance. What I wanted in shortabout the differWeek 19to do. Here are Interviews concept, work out implications of concept. ent activities that I have executed. (Gurp, 2011)

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RESEARCH

Research USER INVOLVEMENT FIRST MONTH

The First month of my focus was on getting input for my concepts by other people. In the first week I learned the value of co-reflection in the Baltan sessions. I also did a brainstorm with 5 fellow students to gen-

of students we had co-reflective sessions to evaluate their projects. We received data from data about a project and had to act out how we thought how the process went, and after that we had to act out how we though the project could be done even better. After acting out our understanding of the project was more on the same level as the company which led to rich discussions.

erate concepts and another session with 4 After these sessions I read more about Coco-workers and Oscar in the Oba. reflection and also about Context mapping.

BALTAN SESSIONS:

FIRST BRAINSTORM SESSION WITH STUDENTS

Baltan is a company that initiates, supports and disseminates innovative research and GOAL development activities in the field of art, As I was still in the beginning of my interntechnology and culture. With a large group ship I was figuring out which direction to go

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with my concpets. Therefore I wanted to blocks, and books to help each other undercreate as much Ideas as possible within a standing the ideas that we had. brainstorm session. I made my decisions for the brainstorm SET UP based on previous brainstorms, the book First I provided everybody with the con- from IDEO The Art of Innovation and the extext where I am working in and explained perience of the Baltan sessions my goals for my internship. I did this with a short movie about the OBA which gave CONCLUSIONS some facts and figures and the looks of The results were good, I had over 50 ideas in the interior. And also a short movie from just 45 minutes but I could have had more JISC that explained what pressure libraries if I also recorded the whole session. That feel in current society. is something I will always do for the future because there where ideas shared to each After this introduction from 10 minutes I other which were not put in the same form explained the ideas that I already had to on paper as they were spoken. provide the group of students with some ideas to start with. I used post its, A0 sheets of paper, and lots of pencils, Lego,

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CONTEXT MAPPING / CO-REFLECTION IN The basic process of a co reflective session: OBA After this brainstorm session I wanted to gain more depth in the available techniques and do another session to see which ideas I had would be most valuable to work on further. I wanted to do this session with people from the library with as goal to see what opportunities they would see in my ideas. BUROKOOS While looking into Context mapping sessions I visited the company Koos to receive some feedback on my approach. They explained me that normally they do Context mapping sessions with multiple users over multiple days. Giving them little assignments where they could create something themselves around a given context. I tried to do everything in just 1,5 hours which made it quite a challenge. (Koos, 2011)

Exploration: Getting acquainted of the current societal context in order envision a new reality. Present experiences with existing contexts, products, prototypes, as a starting point of the process. Use: discursive techniques. Helps designers to understand the context to be addressed (New reality= comprises the motivational aspects of the users vision of the now. This makes the users able to compare their ideas with the designerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s trans-formative vision) Ideation: discovery process, based on the exploration, makes users aware of their own motivations and desires. Ideation is warming up for the confrontation. And analyzes the past memories in order to be able to project them into personal dreams of possible future experiences.

CO-REFLECTION

I have read the paper Co-reflection user involvement for highly dynamic design processes From Oscar Tomico. I analysed it and wrote it in my own words to get a better understanding and a reference for future.

Co- reflection is a technique focused on involvement of the user which makes a design process more dynamic. Instead of asking the user for feedback on a product and adapt this into the design co-reflection asks people to participate into the design process. The information gathered in this inductive process is than from a higher value.

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Exploration

Ideation

Confrontation

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Confrontation: of the ideas of the designer and the ideas of the users. Updates the motivational vision from the designer by merging with the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s desires and aspirations. (Oscar Tomico, 2009,)

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CONTEXT MAPPING

I wanted to do I gave them a small assignAnother tool that I used for my sessions, ment. This was not only to get them familwas context mapping. I will explain how I iar but also to have something valuable for the session. My assignment for them was used this and which steps I took. to bring a book that was really valuable for The more we know about a context where them. This putted them already in the posiwe are researching in the more likely it is tion to think about why books are valuable that our ideas and findings might influ- without having the feeling that they would ence our ideas. The context is everything work for me because it personally related that can relate to a subject, even a trough question. expert in a field is learning new things beSession cause he gets to understand the context 3. During this session I didn’t forget to tape better. Context mapping is a procedure for conducting contextual research with us- everything this time. In the beginning I ers, where tacit knowledge is gained about started to explain everything what I wantthe context of use of products. The whole ed to do which was no use at all, the best idea is that users can actively participate in thing was just to start. I photo copied all the the design process because the designers books so that the participants had someprovide them with the context to generate thing to write on which I could remember to whom it belong. their ideas. We started with a short introduction round, (Francis, 2005) after that everybody explained why their book was valuable for them and they wrote CONTEXT/CO-REFLECTIVE SESSION OBA The basic structure for a context mapping it on the photocopied paper. After this I exsession exist out of 6 steps, I will explain plained 10 of my concepts which I had illushow I implemented these steps in my pro- trated on A4’s. In the next step they had to connect their cess for the session in OBA value of the book to 3 of my concepts, and afterwards we explained each other why 1. Preparation I wanted to learn more about peoples their values of their book connected to the personal values about their books. And in ideas. which direction my ideas could go. I wanted Before I started this session I made planning to have more input from employees of the to help me guide through the process. DurOBA of which ideas they found valuable and ing the process a lot changed though due to helpful feedback of my coach Oscar Tomico why. which was also attending the session. This planning can be seen in Appendix B 2. Sensitization To let the participants get familiar with what

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4. Analysis After the session I analyzed the session by writing down everything relevant that has been said about the concepts, and all the values from the books. I putted this together in a Prezi, and written minutes. It was a good choice to do this session in a group in this way the dynamics where fast and still people had enough time to think what they wanted to say without feeling pressure. The results where personal, and I learned a lot about different physical and emotional values around books.

CONCLUSIONS The insights I received from the sessions where very helpful. I prepared this session with a clear set of goals of what kind of information I wanted to gain from the user. The data that I received was from a higher quality than I have had before. The discussions helped to understand my concepts better, and give me new directions within the existing concepts. Instead of generating new concepts I now know that enriching them with new data works as well. Every Idea can be interpreted in so many ways 5. Communication that this technique will always add more There was not much communication value to them. about my findings of this session except towards Oscar Tomico who was also there. So I did not much more than the Prezi and the minutes to communicate my findings.

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VISITS PEOPLE TO OBA One nice aspect of doing the internships job was that a lot of people came to visit the library when they were in the neighbourhood, and I was able to show them around. It also gave me the opportunity to exchange research and broaden my view on what I was doing. I rediscovered the tool Cmap tools (a mindmap program) because of Sander Mulder which helped me a lot to quickly visualize some thoughts that we shared. And Norma de Boer also steered me more in the future of eBooks instead of the future of libraries which was really interesting.

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EXISTING INTERACTIVE PRODUCTS IN LIBRARIES

ing their library RFID tag under the screen people can reserve their book for the maximum of 2 euro’s depending where the book Before I start with the concepts I have gen- is coming from. (Leo Hörni, 2010) erated this semester I quickly want to show what is happening in the world of libraries This system is developed by H2interactive, in the world of interactive products and ser- and is than bought by NBD Biblion. After the transfer the product itself was still in vices. beta face but the development after that stopped. Now the Rotunda is still shown RFID TECHNOLOGY to the public as it is in development. Oba The Oba has a fully automated returning and is searching for opportunities to develop it loaning system made with RFID technology. further. The books are scanned and returned to the right floor and even sorted in different secI think that the rotunda shows just a glimpse tions. NBD|Biblion has tagged over 2,7 milof what is possible with integration and the lion books in the Netherlands which gives connection to the World Wide Web. next its current use some extra possibilities. One of them is the Rotunda. (Collins, 2005)

ROTUNDA

The Rotunda is an interactive touch screen with a selection of books which are available but not per se in the OBA itself. By plac-

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AIRPORT LIBRARY

In Schiphol they have a library which provides visitors the opportunity to read books when they have to wait long. It has books in 29 different languages translated out of Dutch. All the books have a connection to the Dutch culture. They have also a set of IPads used to showcase Dutch artists in movies. Next to that they have laidback reading chairs and seats with integrated listening devices. And Passengers can also download digital content to their personal devices via a download station I think the libraries integration of IPads and showcasing of books is quite modern, and shows a glimpse of what the future might be. (AIRPORT LIBRARY, 2010) In my opinion this library shows what can be possible in providing their users with new service like its unique location and the Ipads.

LOCATION FUTURE

During my research on processing I stumbled upon a system from the ETH in ZĂźrich (Technical University). Hovering over all the different book cases will show you what section is in there. Clicking on it will provide you with the list of available books. I see possibilities for such a system showing where to go to once you have looked up a book in the computer, showing which areas are quit or crowded, and more. Placing touch screens on each floor providing this kind of information would be very helpful especially in large libraries like the OBA. (ETH, 2010)

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LIBRARIES

oping them.

Part on my research was focused on exploring what is changing in the current and future world of libraries. I want to share 3 of my findings to give an impression of what I learned.

• “Learners of all ages will have access to a much wider range of content online in all formats.“ How can libraries have a stay in this world? I don’t need to be at a library to get a book anymore. What will be the added value of libraries for me to gain knowledge?

2020 VISION BRITISH LIBRARY

In the internship section I already described how expected change of society puts pressure on libraries. The British library has done research and has held discussions with a lot of expert in this field. To give an Idea of the experts: Vice-Chancellor, University of Leicester, University Librarian and Dean of Libraries, Michigan University, Professor And Director of the Harvard University Library, Vice President, and OCLC Programs and Research and Chief. This is just the top of the list. They spend a lot of time and effort on their vision. I have listened to their discussions on a podcast, and have read their report.

• “Libraries will need to continue to demonstrate their value.” Will libraries survive the change they need their values and strengths in society even more. Not only with books, but with a range of services that compete with the online world. • “The first chapter/volume will be published before others are finished. “ Everyone can be an author we don’t need a publisher anymore. And writers can still earn money with small payment systems like what is happening in the Apple app store.

I want to point out some highlights and interesting quotes that I think will be key trends that will give change and opportunities for the next decade. • “Technology will be in a constant state of beta.“ Look at the IPhone every 11 months there is a new version, the rotunda is implemented while not finished, and you can try to be the newest and best but the only way to do that is by implementing systems while they are not yet finished and never stop devel-

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• “Searching will be based not on indexing, but on the relationship of words and their context.“ One of the biggest challenges and opportunities for libraries is to stand up and participate in the data mining and visualization section. Sites like visual complexity (example from this site is this image below) show a glimpse of how we can visualize large data sets in the future. Relationships and context can provide more valuable data to the user than a simple index. There will be an increase in tools to represent large data sets.

Especially this part is I think important. Web based products allow us to do so many amazing things, integrations of these concepts towards the physical world by creating products that match the experience of an online experience will become more important. • “There will be more platforms that enable discovery ( some which are already there: Facebook.com, Librarything.com, stumble upon, Google, twitter, and these are only the most known ones)“

CONCLUSION Next to these quotes I want to share their conclusion of what was most important out • “We need to provide our audi- of the vision. ences with innovative products and ser- The expectations and requirements of inforvices that match their online experience.” mation usage will increase and the ways in

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which information is provided will be more (JISC, 2010) diverse. Appendix C. The nature of learning and scholarly communication will change to become more collaborative and inclusive of emerging technologies, moving away from a linear flow of information. It will be increasingly important for knowledge institutions to reinvent and reposition themselves to create efficiency in service provision and to demonstrate the measurable value they add to the economy JISC Next to the 2020 vision of the British library I wanted to share another company that has envisioned the future of libraries which is called JISC. On the site of JISC is stated: “JISC inspires UK colleges and universities in the innovative use of digital technologies, helping to maintain the UK’s position as a global leader in education.” Libraries are at a turning point. As technology rapidly transforms the way we access information, and resources are increasingly available online and in digital formats, the established role of the library as a physical space housing racks of books is looking increasingly out of step with the needs of students and researchers. I came in contact with JISC through a YouTube video. They have a clear vision about how libraries have to rethink their role in current society. If you want to learn more about JISC look into

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LIBRARY THING A more practical example of a web experience that could be integrated with libraries is Library Thing.

ed in eBook readers? Enabling people to create communities around books and sharing thoughts to people with the same interest. Or through libraries, what if we could see each others books through the community Library Thing is a cataloging and social net- that already exist in the library? (librarworking site for book lovers. It enables us- ything,2010) ers to catalog their books, share reviews, and see people with similar bookshelves. The system provides the possibilities to add tags, ratings, or more background information about the author. It is a system like Last.FM for music that enables users to connect to each other through their music, but in this case it is through books. What if such a system would be integrat-

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EBOOK TRENDs

FUTURE OF EBOOKS

Starting my research on e-books I found Next to pointing out what will be the change papers from more than 10 years old that in libraries I also addressed the topic of eB- showed already some possibilities of eBooks as since 2 years ago the eBooks read- ooks. ers really made an entrance in our world, eBooks already exist for more than 20 years The University of California’s California now. From the start of computers people Digital Library (CDL) formed an eBook Task have thought to digitalize text but until Force in August 2000 to evaluate academic know books where better to read. As E-ink libraries’ experiences with electronic books paper, and small high resolution screens (e-books), investigate the e-book market, develop faster than ever we are standing in and develop operating guidelines, princithe beginning of a new era of the book, the ples and potential strategies for further exploration of the use of e-books at the UniE-book. versity of California (UC). When the average person in 2011 hears about e-books there are still a lot of them who talk about it as something new. For me it feels that E-books are just here for one year now, but already 10 years ago they were talking about potential strategies for the use of e-books in libraries. 10 years ago in these business models several concepts

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already appeared such as: • print e-Books on demand • monthly subscription to a complete database • Personalization (creation of one’s own document by selecting segments/ chapters from several sources) Some of the possibilities they are talking about are • Multimedia information • Full tekst searching • Reference linking • Share or loan information

IDEO FUTURE OF THE eBOOKS

It is also nice too look at some current examples of what will become possible with E-books in the near future. It really becomes clear that there is going to happen a lot in the eBooks world if also major design companies like IDEO start spreading around concepts. Which was less than a year ago. IDEO says in the introduction of their movie: “Books take us to fare away places and explain the world around us. They leave room for imagination and encourage reflection. Here at IDEO, we believe that an increasingly digital context can add to our notion of books, instead of taking away from it.” (IDEO, 2010) They have developed 3 concepts: Nelson: How do we know which books are relevant if the amount of books are increasing dramatically? Nelson is a system that shows the impact of books, and provides a reading experience that enables you to see the bigger picture around the book. Debating, discussions, sources, and media related context will enrich titles en help people to choose the right book. Coupland: With all the information it is hard to know what is really worth reading. Coupland is a system that allows you to see books in your professional networks, and which might be relative to you. You can access the book list from your employees. A company can have a shared library showing what is most relative. Ellis: An interactive reading experience, that invites people to activity participate in the story. Plot twisters, linked to geographic lo-

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cations, or communicating with characters in the stories. Or contribute in the stories. A story can be nonlinear and be read in different ways.

EBOOK FIGURES

Of course we can discuss concepts, and see that there is a change going on, but what really illustrates it well is I think if we take a look at the sales of e-books by 14 of big publishers in America. In the info graphic of the Next web can be viewed in Appendix E. In 2002 the market of eBooks was already worth 5.7 million which is nothing to the expected sales of 2010 which was 720 million dollars. Since 2009 eBooks sales has increased over 160% a year. Seeing this exponential growth shows clearly that e-books will soon be a new standard. ( full image appendix E)

RESEARCH PREVIOUS PROJECTS Next to my research in libraries and eBooks I have also looked into previous projects done in the OBA and analysed and classified them on concepts, involved stakeholders, values and goals, future trends and implication of new technologies. I used these definitions to mark all the data that I found in different colours so that later on I could group the information and draw conclusions from the overall picture.

Before I show the end result I want to explain all the steps that I took.

1. I started reading the reports and figured out a way to classify them on different aspects a. yellow: concept b. orange = involved stakeholders companies parties organizations CLASSIFICATION pink = values & goals from projects Reading through the project reports I fil- c. tered out only the most relevant data which = design brief green = future trends & implicahad a connection towards my internship. d.

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tions of technologies 2. I added the concepts that I generated, the research from libraries and eBooks in the same classification 3. As most of them where concepts I applied Affinity diagramming to filter my concepts in different directions based on similarities 4. I analysed these similarities and came to the conclusion that I had 4 major parameters, physical vs digital and personal vs social. With help of The Decision Book from Mikael Krogerus and Roman Tschäppeler, and my coach Oscar Tomico I managed to group all my data on these 4 parameters. 5. I filtered out most relevant data in Cmap tools (a mind map program).

RESULT I will describe each section of this diagram in short to show the result. I will describe my results step by step. It exist out of the different categories which I defined in my classification session.

SOCIAL

The social aspect in my research can be described as follows: • Providing the ability to discuss the relevance of data is important. For example, ratings and reviews. • Libraries can be a highly social

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platform providing a context for many subgroups as there are bookshelves. Providing the platform for this is an opportunity. • Keywords like collaboration, co-creation, collaborative learning appear a lot in my research, in future trends data itself is as important as the people connected to it. • Real conversations, and data connected to persons is from higher value than indexed data.

SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL

The social but also physical aspects in my research can be described as follows: • The web provides high dynamics in sharing news, music, movies and more, how will these dynamics take shape on e-books? • People prefer to have freedom on the web and have the ability to customize and personalize their environment. How could this online experience be translated in a more flexible and personal library? • Sharing expertise becomes more important as the amount of data increases. I see an opportunity for the library to provide a place where experts can share their expertise and give valuable recommendations about books. • Library users look for human traces in libraries, such as books that are just brought back, a book that is lying on strange place etc. Human traces leave extra value in their physical context. Libraries have the opportunity to make the possibilities for traces even bigger. • An important value that we should not forget from libraries, that they are perfect places to work and keep motivated be-

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cause people surrounding you doing the same thing. Make a clearer distinction between different sections, fun and work, can make both experiences even better. • Libraries have a lot of people coming there with a lot of expertise, how can they make this expertise more visible to the whole public? So that people can meet up and help each other out sharing their expertise.

creasing rapidly • All digital concepts around music can be translated also to books, last.fm, Spotify, • The online environment will become more adaptable and personal, as well as the physical world. Computers and internet will be placed in more and more products.

SOCIAL AND DIGITAL

This where the aspects that I could directly place in a category because they were a mix of the 4 factors. • Linking information to each other and making it visible will become more important • In 10 years books will become a luxurious article like LP’s • As in the music industry there is going to be a shift from paying for the product towards paying for a service. There will be different payment methods and business models around books • What will a future librarian be? And how will they show their expertise? • Libraries appeared at the ancient history books where catalysing knowledge started, now it is more and more the Internet, but we should not forget the initial value of books. Still a lot of scientific high valued information on the web has its origin on books. As the web is constantly changing we must keep a good eye on its sources. • Internet is focused on fast and condensed information: sometimes without controlling the source of the information and therefore it the quality can become

The social but also digital aspects in my research can be described as follows • E-books can provide communities around books, keeping track of your fellow readers, reading stats, etc. • Libraries have the opportunity to show their trending topics on each floor, and show the activity of books over a day. • Book collections from persons, companies, and organizations could be available online. • People like to look in other people’s private lives without having a confrontation with the person. • Co-created books will be possible, as everyone can work at the same book through the internet.

DIGITAL

The digital aspects of my research can be described as follows • Digitalized will become the new standard. Physical comes second place. • Mobile internet will also become a standard as almost half of Dutch people already have mobile internet. And this is in-

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MIDDLE BlOCK FACTS

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lower. • Libraries could have bookshelves • Books are high quality information showing interrelations between subjects sources which are less fast, and a higher and experts level of quality. But we have less time, • Explore books with physical exertherefore people only want to read the cise, by walking, jumping and biking, what whole book if we know it would be worth it is possible? otherwise we just search for a summary of • Digital exploration is fast, how can the most important points. Libraries should this exploration even be faster with a physigive the values of books so that we know cal representation? again which books are truly worth reading. • Enriching the content sharing con- DIGITAL AND PERSONAL tent, context, pictures videos and other rel- The Digital and Personal aspects of my reevant data around a book will value books search can be described as follows: higher. • Visual representations of how many PHYSICAL users and activity around a book The physical aspects of my research can be • Nonlinear story’s where people described as follows: have the opportunity to write their own chapters within a book. • The physical Books can be the start- • Visual dynamic representations of ing point for finding new information in the what is happening in big libraries is import digital world. to explore activities. Big libraries become • Book exploration can be done more more about activities and less about books. physically with: games, shuffling books, • Providing some basics tags and rathanging books, etc. ings about the book must be easy when us• People’s personal books in libraries ers return their book. can make it interesting to read such a book • What if people have the ability to to learn more about someone else. show their personal connection towards a book in a recommendation, video, story and photo’s? PHYSICAL AND PERSONAL Mobile access to your personal liThe physical and personal aspects of my re- • brary online. With books they have read, search can be described as follows: a whish list, and their connection towards • Personal stories from people con- other users. nected to the physical book. • The library should provide the op- PERSONAL portunity to have an influence on physical The personal aspects of my research can be aspects of the building, and its books. described as follows:

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• Looking into others personal interests will give the opportunity to find people with the same interest. • We don’t have to talk anymore to get the information we need but the information through conversation is richer. What information in libraries is still in its speech form? Where are people triggered to talk with each other? • Libraries should provide the ability to: work, study, read, relax, eat, drink and play. • Books can be guidance through live as they help us reflect on situations, how can other people learn from my reflections?

certainly opened up my view on the world as it is today and how it will be in the future. This will help me in future concepts to define the goal, the restrictions and opportunities faster. One aspect that I particularly liked about my research was that there was a community around this subject interested in things where I was working on. Radio shows, websites, experts from all over the world had interest in the information that I am putting together.

CONCLUSIONS RESEARCH:

We are standing at the start of a new era of books, where people have more freedom for self expression through and around books. Where people have more opportunities to explore books, in multiple ways before they start reading them. My research was more an exploration than real scientific research as I made a rich collection of data that can teach you what is happening in the world of libraries. I think it gives a broad perspective of what is happening in the world to provide context for a lot of concepts that will emerge in the world of information, eBooks and libraries. I looked at all the changes that are going on to see possible opportunities. My research might be a bit long before I really started with my final concept but it has

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IDEATION

IDEATION:

CONCEPTS

In this section of my report I will explain BOOK BAR the most important concepts, and what All the information that is provided on the internet can be a bit overwhelming. We are activities I had to generate them. always trying to filter out information towards the most relevant parts. What if the CONCEPT GENERATING: library provides a space where you can get A lot of opportunities that I saw in my re- expert recommendations about a certain search could lead to concepts. And this topic? These experts can be, known people, section has a strong relation towards the people who are visiting the library, employinitial research. I did 2 brainstorm ses- ees etc. In my concept the space itself has sions, made mind maps, and collages. My to have a certain look and feel that is clear personal opinion is that it is best to show from a distance that the person in the centhis section in pictures. tre is the expert. This expert shares his opinion about his favourite topic and shares the books which where important for him/her in this topic. It might be that there are sessions prepared in the calendar open for public. Putting the

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most important speakers in a calendar and in Facebook events will enable people to connect and come to the library for this expert.

entrance where people can explore what is available in the library on one place before they go for the real deal on a different level in the building. I see it as an open place where books would hang on the ceiling. Books are not yet structured because you PHYSICAL SEARCH From the beginning on libraries have exhibi- are there to stumble upon what is available. tion their books on the most efficient way Books that hang there are iconic books for to store as much books as possible. For the all the different subjects available. user searching the right book in the 800.000 books available can be difficult especially It will be possible to pull a book down and when you are just there to explore. What look in to it while it is still connected. The if there is a place in the library nearby the system than knows which books are pulled

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down and can also let other books drop down from the ceiling as a suggestion. Such a system would not be idiot-proof. It might be difficult to implement if you expect that people will play around and hang on the books. I think it this concept just has to be seen as an opportunity that displaying books could be done in many wayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s doing it differently will ask for attention.

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PLAYFUL SEARCH

Of course exploring the available books could also be done in a different way. What if a system would give you intelligent suggestions based on what words you stand on. I see it as a floor with interactive screens that react on your walking. Giving a wide variety of suggestions becoming more specific over the amount of steps you take. And the end result could be direction to a section within the library to see the books connected. I think such a system would work because it can be intuitively and with the suggestions people are stimulated to explore new sections within the library.

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TREND WATCHING

As the amount of data increases the same as the amount of available books are increasing people try to find out what is hot now. People share their opinion on YouTube, Facebook everywhere. What if librarians could visualize their available data about books? New trending books, new trending subjects, new trending writers, new trend in most read book. This is already happening, also in book stores and on the web, but what is not yet in the library is access to the real user data.

books are sold the most. I suggest a more direct link of showing the data the library has. Be open about your books and which are read a lot and which not and people will value that. We come to a library for data, but these days people are more and more searching for other types of data. Data that shows relevance, data that triggers you to read something.

Best sellers all have banners about how good the book is but we cannot see which

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LYBRARYTHING ++

a book is not there but someone has it at The library is more than just a place to home you might arrange a book switch, or store books. But libraries can be a link to find new people by browsing through similar share books between not only other li- bookshelves as your own. braries but also between people’s homes. It might especially be interesting if popular I think most of the time the real value of collections migrate from people’s homes toa book can be found in its context, the wards the library. Books might get a second bookshelf of a person with a personal his- life once they are read. tory. Library thing is a website that makes it possible to browse through the books of other persons. And the more books you have on your book shelf the more likely it is that the system rolls out a good recommendation. The integration of such a system with the OBA would be perfect. If

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VISUAL REFLECTION OF COLLECTIONS

The library can be seen as one big living organism. New books come in and out. People are walking more or less in certain sections. Different subjects become bigger or smaller. This information is relevant for the visitors to immediately get a feeling of what is going on in such a big library. What if this information is provided in the beginning of the library? It can work like a reference point for people to see where to go to within the library.

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WALL OF BOOKS MY FINAL CONCEPT IN ITS FIRST STATE.

What if users could add their personal story to a physical book which can be read back when connecting the book to an RFID reader. Here I also included the possibility to add video’s about the book, and other interesting stuff from the internet.

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PUBLISH YOUR OWN WORK TO OBA

could be a section within the library with People want to be heard, and connect to the physical version of the master pieces. the rest of the world. How could this be possible through a library?

Libraries are all about books that are published by know authors. As we come in the digital era of books the freedom and possibilities around eBooks also becomes bigger. I think libraries have to follow that route and give the possibilities to share your work, research, papers, etc. on the public domain OBA.nl. If the system would have a good rating system the good works could be filtered from the less impressive works. And there

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PERSONAL LIBRARY

What if the library could have places in it be more like a second home? With your own books on the shelf, a coffee machine, some music, controlling the light and the atmosphere. The idea is that there are certain area’s with a lot of freedom to change it to your liking. I hope for an interaction where people start owning and decorating a piece of the library. Freedom for change is important, how can the oba provide a place that gives you this feeling of freedom?

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BUSINESS VS OBA

What if known companies can share the books that they are reading? Not so much to market their products, but to contextualise books. Every larger company has a set of books that iconizes them, for users this might be interesting to see what is behind a certain company. For the company itself it can be good opportunity to expose themselves on a different level for a large public.

DIGITAL BOOKMARKS IN PHYSICAL BOOKS

What if while you are reading your book you can see notes, story’s feelings, of other readers that also read the book? It can put

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a story in another dynamic. This idea is re- looking for possibilities within them. lated to the idea of open margin which I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t knew on the moment of creating this SCOOPIT concept. Is an easy blogging tool that provides data for your blog by an algorithm that looks into POSSIBLE COOPERATION STARTUP your current content, and searches for new content on the web. Their concept enables COMPANIES WITH OBA it to co-create on a blog. What if every book or every collection of books can have such This semester I had the opportunity to visit a blog, giving the ability to co-create their the next web conference. A lot of things story around it. that I saw there could easily be transformed into concepts for the OBA. I want to share my thoughts about these 3 companies and tell you the opportunities that I see.

SILK

Was the winning startup company of 2011, of the (250 participating startups), they provided a system that analyzes large datasets and visualizes it instantly. Building up complex queries is made possible because their system filters out most relevant data in provides suggested information. Visualization of data about books and users and the ability for users to generate the data they need themselves could be a powerful tool to explore books on a new level.

OPEN MARGIN

Is an application for the IPads that enables you to give your opinion, thought, or stories about paragraphs of text inside a book. The library is a perfect location for user testing. Which also can put the Oba in a good spotlight. This is because participating in future web developments will show the public that the Oba is not afraid of eBooks, but are

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THE FINAL CONCEPT

In this section you will write about why I chose my final concept, how it works now, and what the future possibilities and requirements are.

CHOOSING FINAL CONCEPT

During the midterm I had 2 weeks where I was not able to work properly due to personal issues. This meant also for me that I had a hard time deciding which concept to work out. Telling what I had in mind to my coach helped as he showed me how I could combine the strengths of other concepts in that one concept.

DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

I opened up my mind about the concept and made a Mind map size A0 combining all the things I learned in the research. I combined opportunities, ideas and directions into one single concept. To filter out double things, practice my form and senses skills and to communicate my concept I printed the mind map with typed text and created a condensed illustrated version of it on top of the old one.

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SCENARIO

Context and scenario Imagine a place in the library which can be seen as a sub library. The place forms itself through the data generated in the interaction between users and books. The goal for my concept is to get people sharing their thoughts about books. In an ideal situation I see the following scenario working: 1. After an event within the library which is interesting enough for a larger range of people the person involved is asked to write a high quality personal story about a book he or she read. This story has some guidelines, it has to be about what this person learned from the book, and how the book has had an effect on his live. Instead of a summary of the book which also can be found on the internet

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2. This example about the topic is than showcased in this place in the library. Next to this book, of the known person the library also arranged a large range of books about these subjects in the bookshelves and tables surrounding this place. People are free to choose these books or other books to write their own story. But irrelevant or low quality stories can be removed by personal really easily.

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4. Writing a story will be done one a computer, a library card and book is required to make the story. So that the system know who wrote the story 5. Once the story is finished the user can decide where he wants to showcase his work by scanning one of the available screens with his library card.

3. Once a person is interested in the subject he or she can pick up a book or choose a book from the database, to write their own personal story about it. On the display there will be information about the person (Name, profile picture, age, profession) with the ability to shoes what will be visible for the public. The story will have the image of the book cover, title of the book and the rating of the book. The same process can repeat itself over a time. Added content to books can be looked up again simply by putting the book on a scanner that will read out the added content.

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POSSIBILITIES: This concept is an interface that works with a database it could be integrated further into the web than I described above. Therefore I want to share the possibilities that are important in my opinion.

blog form so that the data can be read back whenever you want. Share stories over the web, and comment on each otherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s recommendation. Communities can form themselves through this system providing each other and the Oba relevant information about the subject. Experts in the subjects should be asked to get involved in the library. If they participate they should be rewarded for sharing their expertise. I see a possibility with a direct link to social platforms as Facebook and twitter with my concept. Posting a story from yourself of someone else could be done by scanning a screen with a story with your RFID tag.

It might be possible to write your stories about your books at home by logging in with your account. Sharing the story the story in the library will be as easy as loading the story on the card and showcase it wherever you want.

I see future possibilities to showcase not only showcase personal stories about books but all sorts of data in all kind of forms. Because the data is linked to user card the system should be quite save for vulgar or irrelevant data. Of course a lot is possible in filtering and monitoring content.

Each started subject will be stored in a

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To ensure the quality of the recommendations there should be visible guidelines and examples on the place where people write their story. An option to select what kind of story you are writing might be good to implement as people also might have questions about books, and just want to share their opinion.

the book.

INTERVIEWS:

To see if I was missing possible implication issues within the library I did 2 days of interviews on the work floor of the OBA. I shortly explained them my concept and the possibilities I saw with the use of illustrated A4’s of my concept with some text in Dutch.

To get people to write their story in a certain subject it might be a good possibility This are the possibilities and requirements that people can say in which topics they are they gave me the following:

The topics must be chosen carefully and should be interesting for a broad public. The topic should have a clear relation to an event or the news to get peoples interest. The system should be integrated with the current system, people must have the option to see that the book is showcased somewhere in the library if they can’t find it on their normal spot. The system should be connected to rotunda, so that there is an option to reserve books. It has to look good, it has to be simple and clear how to use it. The guidance through the process has to be really basic. It should be possible to add other multimedia to interested so that they get notified when a book than just text. People don’t walk there is something new of their liking. Good around that much time it should be possistories should be rewarded with for exam- ble to do it real quick. ple the ability to borrow some dvd’s or cd’s for free. There should be the possibility to vote on what new subjects should be. This will get Oba must provide enough copies of the people active in the subject in advance. books that are showcased, or there has to be a clear system like the rotunda to order

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There should be more possible with the 4. The interface. system for subscriber of the library than for not subscriber. Technology For my prototype I decided that I wanted to If the input is a computer for this system, work out the technical part as that was the think of privacy, viruses, and monitoring part where I didn’t work on a year ago in a the system. similar project. I created a prototype where people can shoes what personal data they Different activities we have in the library wanted to display by putting their user card have a specific set of users that is partici- on a RFID scanner. By placing a book on anpating every time. Think of how you can other scanner they gain access to the writget a large user group involved. ing a story about this particular book. Once they are finished they can showcase their In the development face it should be re- work on screen by scanning another RFID ally easy to provide feedback about the reader placed nearby the screen with their system. library card

CONCLUSIONS:

I had spent a lot of time thinking of every possible scenario on my concept, but still I missed out a lot that I gained by talking to the experts in the library. The suggestions they gave me helped me to set some of the requirements for the end product.

DEVELOPMENT OF PROTOTYPE The last 3 weeks of the internship I worked on developing my final concept. One of my goals was to get the experience working as good as possible, to be able to test my concept on the exhibition. My final prototype can be described in 4 parts. 1. From the RFID tag to processing 2. From processing to the database 3. From the database to PHP with help of JavaScript.

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FROM THE RFID TAG TO PROCESSING To connect the RFID Phidgets with processing I used an existing library phidget21.jar which enabled me to create new RFIDPhidgets objects. I used a code which a team member Edwin Meijne from a previous project had written to establish a connection to the readers. The Code listens to attachment and detachment of readers. And it listens if there is a tag gained or lost. The next step is to send the required data to the database . FROM PROCESSING TO MYSQL SERVER To connect to my local WAMP server (Windows, Apache, MySQL, PHP) with processing I used a MySQL library for processing. This part of code established a connection with the database and made it possible to perform queries. An example of one of the queries that I performed was: mysql.execute(“UPDATE `books` SET `vis-

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ible`=’1’ WHERE `rfid`=’”+tag+”’”);

is actually something changed in the database. If there is something changed (a tag On the placement of a new book the code is gained or lost) it runs the functions to upupdates the columns visible to one in the date the screen. table books only where the columns rfid is the same as the gained tag (+tag+). INTERFACE All the data for the interface is retrieved out Id name_book visible rfid of the server and styled with basic HTML 45 The Decision book 1 129817EI and CSS rules. I focused on making the interaction working more than making the FROM MYSQL TO PHP PHP is a language that can communicate to interface look nice. If such a system as I credatabase but normally a query to retrieve ated is ever going to be implemented there data is only done once after an action of has to be thought of some further developopening the page or on a click action. In my ment of the interface. case PHP had to know constantly if there is something changed in the database. I have CONCLUSIONS tried to let processing communicate direct- As I focused on developing the technology ly to PHP but I did not succeed in the limited for such a system as I did. I have not the tools available to use different types of intime that I had. put and output related to a database. I have I used a JavaScript function that would call opened up some more possibilities with the itself after it finished, this created a loop. In use of RFID tag and I am satisfied with the every loop a PHP file is called on to check if results. there is something changed in the database. In this way my system knew when there FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES was a new RFID card placed. This was the function I used: The concept and this report shows only a function checkdb() { var url=”checkdb.php?currentbook glimpse of what is possible and what is hap=”+currentbook+”&currentuser=”+current pening in the world of libraries. I have seen that there are already a lot of concepts deuser; veloped which can be interesting for the li $(“div#checkdbdiv”).load(url); var brary. They only need further development. I suggest that libraries stick to good cont=setTimeout(“checkdb()”,200); cepts and try to bring them to a new ver } Every 200 milliseconds it runs the PHP sion every year or so. This is the only way script sending the current book and user that public will notice the change and see data with it so that PHP can check if there that libraries are adapting to current society.

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Big libraries but also the small ones have the opportunity to test new interactive to a large variety of public. I see the testing aspect as a perfect environment for developers of all kinds. Startup companies, students, artists all can have something to gain and can bring something to the library. Co-creration with these parties with clear goals and concepts which will be developed over multiple years is in my opinion the best and maybe the only way for leading libraries to get their system to a higher level.

EVALUATION: REFLECTION Looking back at this semester I can be satisfied with the results I achieved. Although there are still a lot of things that I would have done differently when I would do this internship again. I would have liked to get more in contact with the employees and made a bigger impact than I have done now. But I can be very satisfied with what I learned and achieved. The internship was highly individual without clear assignments from Oba. During the process I had to figure out myself where to go and what I wanted to develop. In a way it was like a normal project with a little bit more interaction between me and the client. I have the feeling that I developed most of the competencies but know what I missed in my development this past semester. In future projects I want to focus more on physical aspects exploring materials and manufacturing techniques because until now I have not done so. PROCESS WHAT DID I DO? This semester I focused on preparing my activities better by reading about existing techniques and methods. I read more about how the company IDEO organizes their brainstorm sessions and implemented it my own brainstorm sessions. After that I focused on co-reflection and context mapping techniques which I implemented in my preparation for a session with employees from the OBA. In this session I presented my ideas and I practiced my concept drawing skills to support my ideas. Because I care-

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fully planned the sessions I could reflect on it better later on. I also visited a company called BuroKoos to discuss the results of my context mapping session and received some insight of how they used this technique.

feedback but as most of the time prototypes are not yet finished until the end of the process interviews can help validating. But the discussion with the employees (the experts) gave me a lot of restrictions and possibilities that I hadnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t thought of yet.

I also did extensive research this period to achieve a higher understanding of the context I was working in. I researched libraries and eBooks and focused on the past present but especially the future. I took a look at existing projects done in the library by the TU/e to learn from their research and concepts. Next to documenting this data in a blog, and making collages from the most interesting pictures I found, I as well analyzed the data that I collected in depth.

In my final concept I focused on making the technique work as this could give me the knowledge that would enable me to easily rebuild such a prototype in a different form in the future. I learned the basics of PHP, MySQL, HTML, and JavaScript and Processing to make it work.

I used different techniques to classify my data and to group the data that I received. I used infinity diagramming and a model that I created to filter out my research in different sub groups. Regular meetings with Oscar, always helped me a few steps further in the process. He helped me make decisions and see new opportunities in my ideas. In my concept development I did some extensive mindmapping and also illustrative drawings which helped me get a better understanding of my concepts. The drawings I made also helped in the interviews which I had with employees of the Oba. The interviews where very enriching for my final concept. I know now that testing out a prototype can be one way to retrieve user

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REFLECTION ON THE ACTIVITIES The library was a place for me that provided a lot of opportunities. The employees at the Oba had years of experience with libraries and knew a lot of what is going on in the library world, talking to them taught me a lot. I also had the opportunity to develop a concept for a real context for the first time during my study. Although I had a lot of opportunities I had also a lot of freedom in what I did, which kept me more on the background than I wanted. My expectation was that I could create something in with existing projects or in participation with other employees. Instead of that I had a working place there but had to figure out myself what to do and what to create. An internship is established so that you can experience another company and put your skills into practice, but without clear goals from the Oba it was hard for me to motivate myself. I decided than to just focus on

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what I wanted to learn and develop the fi- to push me a bit further because I work betnal concept at DQI. ter under pressure. I also need to work on my uncertainty. I make situations to comFor the combination of competencies, user plex because I have to high expectations of focus and perspective and ideas and con- myself and the end results. cepts I have the feeling that I made some big steps this semester in how brainstorms, I learned a lot in doing explorative research context mapping sessions, co reflective ses- because I used different methods to gain sions and interviews can help in the design data. process. The making and synthesizing part is still a In integrating technology I made some big era where I can use some further developsteps again and taught myself to work with ment. In the future I want to explore more databases which gave a whole new insight in materials, manufacturing techniques, in programming. making prototypes. I would also like to be One of my focus points for this semester able to make good sketches and 3D modwas analyzing complexity as this was always els. Because the best way to communicate something I liked but never developed sub- concepts and explore the possibilities of a stantially. I explored techniques to classify concept is by making it. data and model it in such a way that the relation between data enriches the con- LIST OF METHODS AND THEORY THAT I CAN tent. I also practiced my nonlinear thinking USE FOR MY FINAL BACHELOR PROJECT methods within mind mapping, which was a good tool to start working out data when • Planning in Prezi, was a good tool, I didn’t know where to start. but hard to print out. Next semester I will make the same planning in illustrator and The extensive research on libraries and eB- keep it online just for my coach to keep ooks helped me broaden my view, a I now track of what I am doing have a clearer vision about the future of ed- • Cmap tools as mindmapping tool ucation, libraries and technology. I have ex- worked really good this semester, every plored the world of blogging, and am now time that I didn’t know how to go further following a few blogs which will keep me up I analyzed my thoughts by making mind to date on the latest changes in technology, maps art, education, and the web. • Lots of short term goals with clear deadlines are necessary for me to keep evePoints that keep coming up in my reflection rything on track, because otherwise I have is planning issues, I don’t need a coach to too much stress in the end. define my deadlines I can do that myself. • Co-reflection, context mapping, But I still need a coach that asks for results

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brainstorm sessions, and interviews have now a set of guidelines and references for me to use in future projects. • The classification tools for the data where helpful to see the bigger picture and filter out relevant data, and I know how to implement this in other projects • What I learned in integrating technology can easily be transformed to a whole range of new prototypes. • I reached deeper level in my concepts when I had to explain it a few times, good communication between my fellow students and coach will stay important in individual work to grow further not only by things I read but also from feedback I receive during work.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAFIE 2020 Vision. Board, The British Library. Amsterdam, Openbare Bibliotheek. 2011. facts & figures. OBA.nl. [Online] 2011. http://www. oba.nl/index.cfm/t/Facts___figures/vid/1DEE2C9A-17A4-A597-D914D4576433DC92. Collins, Jonathan. 2005. rfidjoernal. rfidjoernal. [Online] 2005. http://www.rfidjournal. com/article/articleview/1920/1/1/. ETH, ISBP. 2010. library navigator of the inforamtion center. [Online] 2010. http://www. infochembio.ethz.ch/en/librarynavigator.html.

Francis, Taylor and. 2005. Contextmapping: experiences from practice. Delft : sn, 2005. Gurp, Tijmen van. 2011. Prezi Planning. Prezi. [Online] February 2011. http://prezi.com/ axdbdf1_nwds/planning/ . ideo. 2010. Ideo future of the ebook. [Online] 2010. http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=ISxgVmRnFq8.

Ives, J.J. Little &. 1954. The american internation Encyclopedia. New York : s.n., 1954. JISC. 2010. JISC. [Online] 2010. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjoJd_uN7M&feature=player_embedded . Koos. 2011. BuroKoos. [Online] 2011. http://www.burokoos.com/. Leo Hörni, Jan David Hanrath. 2010. Rotunda. H2Interactive. [Online] 2010. http://h2interactive.eu/producten/rotunda/. Librarygthing. Librarygthing. [Online] http://www.librarything.com/.

OBA. 2011. Anual Report. 2011. Oscar Tomico, Kees Overbeeke, Joep Frens. 2009,. Co-reflection: user involvement for. Boston : sn, 2009,. unknown. 2010. Airport Library. nlpvf. [Online] 2010. http://www.nlpvf.nl/nl/airport-library/.

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7 APPENDIX

APPENDIX: A The topic of the internship at DQI:

It is a double guidance, cooperation. The library shares they expertise and guides through their collection and the users point the missing parts.

Cataloging will be connected together. The digital catalogue will be complete, stand- Create a playful way to know what the users ard. Digitally everything can be found eve- can’t find. Catch the eye at the beginning. rywhere but not physically. The physical Invites people to participatie. catalogue (collections) differ from place to place. Physical collections will become an emergent and dynamic entity. Physical libraries will become specific, tailored to the community. Libraries as a networked organism with distributed physical collections. Each library will have a different profile on which they collect and buy books. Libraries becoming communities of practice, users becoming experts, look at the long tail, wisdom of the crowd. Adapt the library to the user needs, to the local communities, library from a neighborhood and to the neighborhood, personalized libraries. Help the library to find what they can’t find, act as recommendations to the library catalogue. Each library becomes a self-organized system where the users are the motor of change. They accentuate the accents of each library.

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Appendix B Activity

Time

Goal

Book discussion: Everybody present themselves with a book, people tell why this book is important for them. Values are than putted on post-ids on the books.

2 minutes per person ( 6 persons +15 minutes)

Find set of values connected to the book. Get group thinking about what a book more is than just paper to read. Physical, social, historical values.

20 minutes, 10 concepts, 2 minutes per concept

Find potential good concepts, enrich the projects, find new opportunities, and see extra value of concepts. Adapt concepts to library needs, shape them in the right directions.

Create a clear image of each book of what it means to that person. Present Ideas and connect them to the values of the books: After each explanation of a concept people have to connect the values of the books towards a concept. Multiple books per concept are a possibility, after each concept the names of books are written down by each concept. Books can be used multiple times How does the concept relate to the set of values? How could the concept relate, what change will the concept need.

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Implementation exercise:

30 minutes, Find goals for the future, find constraints, find the best 3 opportunities to process idea. Find resources for concepts idea, shape the idea into possible context. Let people from the library think from my position so How can the concept be implethat they can help me better in the future, give mented in the future, role-play act me guidance through the company/process. See out write down the steps that have if idea has value for them. to be taken to put the concept into practice

I provide: post its, papers scissors etc.

Maybe in groups? 2 groups of 3? Present to each other? Prepare at the same time.

Acting out, afterwards explanation.

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APPENDIX C

the Future campaign has taken this debate to a wider audience, through high-profile debates, publications and newspaper supJISC Allied with technology, library users’ needs plements and through the new technoloand preferences are helping to drive the gies themselves, from social networks to change in libraries. Students, researchers Twitter and Second Life and teachers now expect to be able to access information around the clock, from almost anywhere in the world and via a growing number of devices, from laptops to phones. What does this mean for the academic library as we know it? What will it look like in 10 years’ time? Will it exist in its current physical form? What role will librarians play in supporting learning and research in the digital age? Through the Libraries of the Future campaign JISC has opened up these questions to a stimulating and enriching discussion. The debate is grounded in JISC’s commitment to libraries and the services they offer as a vital part of the education and research infrastructure and an essential part of supporting the UK’s education system. The campaign builds on JISC’s rich history of supporting the library sector to work more effectively using technology and working in partnership with researchers and educators. …libraries must rethink the way they work and the way that they support learning teaching and research. JISC has a long-established reputation working with libraries in universities and colleges to put in place change programmes and to recognize that in the age of the internet and the other digital opportunities, libraries must rethink the way they work and the way that they support learning, teaching and research. The Libraries of

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APPENDIX E

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