Striving To Improve - Book 1: Writing, for ages 11-15 years

e v o r p m I o T g Strivin

e v o r p m I o T g n i v i r t S

Writing

Writing

Book 1

Writing Book 1 is one of eight books in the Striving To Improve series. This series is targeted at students aged between 11 and 15 years of age who, for whatever reason, are struggling to keep up with their peers.

The activities in this book are designed to prevent students from regressing any further at school. Each worksheet is based on a modified curriculum, tasks are broken down into small and manageable parts and time limits for all tasks have either been abandoned or made flexible.

Book 1

For students aged 11 - 15 years who are underachieving at their year level.

Writing Book 1 will help students improve their spelling, grammar and understanding of the way that words are formed.

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STRIVING TO IMPROVE

Writing Book 1 ISBN 978 186 397 854 5

  

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Edited by Lindsay Marsh

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Acknowledgements i. Clip art images have been obtained from Microsoft Design Gallery Live and are used under the terms of the End User License Agreement for Microsoft Word 2000. Please refer to www.microsoft.com/permission. i. Front cover: i-stock Photos.

Series: STRIVING TO IMPROVE Title: Writing Book 1 © 2013 Ready-Ed Publications Printed in Australia Edited by Lindsay Marsh Contributing authors: Jude Scott, Sally Murphy, Frances Croft.

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2.

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ISBN: 978 186 397 854 5 2

Contents

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Teachers’ Notes Australian Curriculum Links

4 4

Section One: Prefixes and Suffixes

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Prefixes 1 Prefixes 2 Prefixes 3 Prefixes 4 Prefixes 5 Suffixes 1 Suffixes 2 Suffixes 3 Suffixes 4 Suffixes 5 Suffixes 6 Suffixes and Prefixes

Section Two: Plurals Plurals 1 Plurals 2 Plurals 3 Plurals 4 Plurals 5 Unusual Plurals All Types of Plurals 1 All Types of Plurals 2

Section Three: Nouns Nouns Proper Nouns Common and Proper Nouns Collective Nouns Abstract Nouns Four Types of Nouns

Section Four: Verbs and Adverbs Verbs 1 Verbs 2 Verbs 3 Verbs 4 Verbs 5 Adverbs More Adverbs

Section Five: Adjectives

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

Adjectives More Adjectives Quantitative Adjectives Comparative and Superlative Adjectives 1 Comparative and Superlative Adjectives 2 Comparative and Superlative Adjectives 3 Expanding Adjectives

42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

Answers

50-55

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Teachers’ Notes This is a Ready-Ed Publications'

book preview.

Writing Book 1 is part of the Striving To Improve series which is targeted at children aged between 11 and 15 years who are struggling to meet the expected requirements specified by the Australian Curriculum for their age group.

The children who you teach may be struggling with their school work because they have been diagnosed with learning difficulties such as ADHD or dyslexia. They may be struggling because of social factors which have resulted in them missing a lot of school. Whatever the reason, this book will help students begin to write more clearly, accurately and confidently.

Activities in this book are linked to the Australian Curriculum for Years 5 and 6, so children feel that what is being asked of them is actually achievable. To make the tasks more manageable, they have been broken down into small parts which gives each student the opportunity to process one idea at a time.

Time limits have been either abandoned or made flexible for students.

With this book you can prevent those students who have been left behind from regressing any further, and help them to feel that they too can be successful at school.

Australian Curriculum Links YEAR 5 LANGUAGE Expressing and Developing Ideas • ACELA1508 • ACELA1513 • ACELA1514

YEAR 6 LANGUAGE Expressing and Developing Ideas • ACEL1523 • ACELA1526

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Section One: Prefixes and Suffixes

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5

 Prefixes 1 A prefix is a group of letters added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning. For example, the prefix pre, meaning before, can be added to the word heat, to make the new word preheat, meaning to heat beforehand. When adding a prefix, it is not necessary to change the spelling of the base word.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview.

TASK A *

Look at the prefixes and their meanings below.

Pre: means before, such as preschool and prearrange.

Un: changes the meaning of a word to its opposite, such as unemployed and undo.

Re: means again, such as redo, revisit and review.

Semi: means half or partly, such as semicircle and semiconscious.

* TASK B

Highlight the prefix in each word below, then write a sentence for each

prefixed word.

preschool: ______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ prearrange: ______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ unemployed: ____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ undo: ___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ redo: ___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ revisit: __________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ review:__________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ semicircle: _______________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________________ semiconscious: ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 6

ďƒ¤ Prefixes 2

* TASK

Add prefixes to the words below to create new words. Choose from: un, re, semi and pre. Write the meanings of the new words. Some words can take more than one prefix.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview. ____ happy:

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

____ formal:

___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

____ plug:

___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

____ paint:

___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

____ acceptable: ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ____ permanent: ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ____ final:

___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

____paid:

___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

____real:

___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

____release:

___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

____awake:

___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

____entry:

___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

____sale:

___________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________

____run:

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

7

 Prefixes 3 A prefix can often be used to create the opposite of a word. The prefixes below (sometimes called negative prefixes), mean not, wrong or against.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview. * TASK A un

non

in

dis

mis

im

anti

 Create the opposite of each word below by adding a prefix from the

list above.

fortune: ____________________

employed:

social:

____________________

destructible: _____________________

respect:

____________________

probable:

_____________________

honest:

____________________

sincere:

_____________________

definite: ____________________

patient:

_____________________

frequent: ____________________

perfect:

_____________________

appear:

____________________

sense:

_____________________

septic:

____________________

comfort:

_____________________

* TASK B

_____________________

Choose a prefixed word from TASK A to fit each definition.

1. Not likely to happen:

_________________________________

2. To vanish:

_________________________________

3. Used to cleanse a wound: _________________________________ 4. Unbreakable; immortal:

_________________________________

5. Not genuine:

_________________________________

6. Meaningless; absurd:

_________________________________

7. Not liking company:

_________________________________

8. Uneasiness:

_________________________________

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Challenge:

You should have found two opposites beginning with the prefix anti. How many more anti words do you know? Write them on the back of this sheet.

8

 Prefixes 4

* TASK A

The word uni means one, so a unicycle is a cycle with one wheel. Work out

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview. which number each prefix below represents, then write down one word for each prefix. uni

one

unicycle

bi

tri

quad oct cent milli

* TASK B

* TASK C

Create the opposite of each word below by adding a prefix.

_____ possible

_____ fortunate

_____ responsible

_____ probable

_____ adequate

_____ respectful

_____ appear

_____ expensive

 Write a little story or poem using as many prefixed words as you can.

Give your story or poem a title.

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

9

ďƒ¤ Prefixes 5 TASK A * 1. Circle the words that can have the prefix mis added.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview. trust

help

led

load

use

place

name

mission

2. Circle the words that can have the prefix re added. move

better

draw

paint

chair

address

do

try

pay hike

lawn visit

hill tall

3. Circle the words that can have the prefix un added. fit

phone

truth

afraid

carry

tied

walk

run

able

clean

4. Circle the words that can have the prefix super added. human

hero

bath

rabbit

sensitive

man

woman

towel

5. Circle the words that can have the prefix sub added. zero

garden

marine

worm

way

merge

ring

6. Circle the words that can have the prefix fore added. head

stick

table

house

warn

tell

cast

* TASK B

1. Create a sentence which includes one prefix from four of the boxes above.

Example: Superman misplaced his sandwich and was unable to revisit the shop. __________________________________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________________ 2. In your own words define prefix.

__________________________________________________________________________ 10

ďƒ¤ Suffixes 1

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview.

A suffix is a group of letters (for example ing, er, or ed) added to the end of a word, usually to make another form of the word.

When a prefix is added, the spelling of the base word does not usually alter. When adding suffixes however, there are several rules to remember when deciding whether or not to change the spelling of the base word.

RULE

If the base word has only one syllable (e.g. run), double the final consonant, unless it is preceded by a double vowel (e.g. fool), or the word ends in a w (e.g. brew) or in two consonants (e.g. end).

1

Fybnqmft

* TASK

run

running

runner

fool

fooling

fooled

brew

brewing

brewed

end

ending

ended

Practise this rule by adding ing, er and ed to the words below.

You will not be able to add all three suffixes to every word.

1. cram:

________________________________________________________

2. buzz:

________________________________________________________

3. pour:

________________________________________________________

4. bomb:

________________________________________________________

5. dream:

________________________________________________________

6. hop:

________________________________________________________

7. jar:

________________________________________________________

8. eat:

________________________________________________________

Challenge:

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The suffix ed is usually used to form the past tense of a word.

Which word in the exercise above has a past tense not ending in ed? _________________________________________________________

11

ďƒ¤ Suffixes 2 The second rule for adding suffixes is for longer words which end in a single consonant preceded by a vowel.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview.

RULE

If, when said aloud, the stress is on the first syllable, don’t double the final consonant. If the stress is on the second syllable the final consonant should be doubled. If the word ends in I, it should always be doubled.

2

Look at the examples below. The stressed syllables are underlined.

Fybnqmft

offer

offering

offered

begin

beginning

beginner

travel

travelling

traveller

travelled

Remember, if there are two vowels before the final consonant, then this rule does not apply.

* TASK

Practise this rule by adding the suffixes from the list below to the words. Say each word aloud then underline the stressed syllable in each word to help you. al

ing

er

ed

ance

1. murder: ______________________________________________________ 2. digit:

______________________________________________________

3. explain:

______________________________________________________

4. tower:

______________________________________________________

5. level:

______________________________________________________

6. regret:

______________________________________________________

7. excel:

______________________________________________________

8. appear:

______________________________________________________

9. listen:

______________________________________________________

10.suffer:

______________________________________________________

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Look at the words above. Add more suffixes where appropriate, then try to add prefixes to as many of the words as possible.

12

 Suffixes 3 The rules for adding suffixes to words ending in consonants do not apply if the consonant is y. Look what happens to the words below when suffixes are added.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview. cry

cried

cries

hurry

hurried

hurries

occupy

occupied

occupies

* TASK A

 Use the examples above to write a rule for adding suffixes to words

ending in y.

RULE: ___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

* TASK B

 In the final column above, add ing to the base words. Does your rule

work for this column? Rewrite it so that it does.

RULE: ___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

* TASK C

 Each suffix in Column 2 below can be added to only one word in Column

1. Draw lines to match the words with their appropriate suffixes.

In Column 3 write the new words out in full.

Column 1

Column 2

territory

cation

primary

ious

multiply

al

rely

ly

mystery

ance

Column 3

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 Suffixes 4 So far we have looked at rules for adding suffixes to words which end in consonants.

Look what happens if words end in vowels. extra extraordinary go going boo booing

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In each example above, the base word remains unchanged and the suffix is added.

However, words which end in a silent e lose the e when a suffix beginning with a vowel or a y is added. hate hating hated separate separating separated

* TASK A

 Practise this rule by adding two suffixes from the list to each of the

words below. ity ing

ly

some

ment

y

scarce trouble extreme announce grave live advertise measure

* TASK B

 Now, choose from your new words to complete the following sentences.

1. Something annoying is also _____________________ .

2. A _____________________ tape can calculate how long something is.

3. During a milk strike there is a _____________________ of milk.

4. At the South Pole it is _____________________ cold.

5. You might find out about a new product by reading an _____________________ .

6. An animal is a _____________________ organism.

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How many words can you find which end in a vowel other than e?

Use the back of this sheet to make a list.

14

 Suffixes 5

* TASK

Add suffixes to the words below.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview.  Add ing

A

stop

 Add ing

B

stopping

skip

drip

stew

end

cram

brew

hop

mow

jar

 Add er

C win

 Add er

D winner

jog

fit

pour

shop

paint

dream

run

swim

stir

 Add ed

E drop

jogger

 Add ed

F dropped

skipping

scare

shrug

ease

buzz

bomb

star

fill

scared

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kill

15

ďƒ¤ Suffixes 6 Suffixes change over time to reflect changes in society. For example years ago the suffix man was added to many words (e.g. policeman) and was used to refer to both men and women.

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Today we use suffixes such as person and officer if we are talking about men and women and we use the suffix woman if we are talking specifically about a female.

* TASK

Look at the words below. Change the suffixes to show that you are talking about females. Then write a sentence for each new word.

actor: __________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ host: ___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ waiter: __________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ spokesman: ______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ postman: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ fireman: _________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ batman: _________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ fisherman: _______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ chairman: _______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ sportsman: ______________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________________ salesman: _______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

16

 Suffixes and Prefixes

* TASK A

 Some words contain suffixes and prefixes. Look at each word listed

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview. below and identify its prefix and its suffix.

Prefix

Suffix

unfasten

uncovered

unbalanced unbeaten unfinished unforgettable untouchable derailing unshrinkable

* TASK B

 When you remove the prefixes and the suffixes from the words above

what words are you left with? Write them in alphabetical order.

______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

* TASK C

 In your own words define prefix and suffix.

Prefix: _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

Suffix: _________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________

17

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Section Two: Plurals

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18

 Plurals 1 A singular word refers to one thing/person, e.g. cat.

A plural word refers to more than one thing/person, e.g. cats.

Sometimes to make a word plural you have to add an s.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' * TASK A book preview.  Make the words below plural. Then create a sentence for each new

plural.

girl: _________________________________________________________________________ boy: _________________________________________________________________________ school: _________________________________________________________________________ receipt: _________________________________________________________________________ star: _________________________________________________________________________ pencil: _________________________________________________________________________ cup: _________________________________________________________________________ computer: _________________________________________________________________________

* TASK B

 Sometimes to make a word plural, you have to add es. Make the words

below plural. Then create a sentence for each new plural.

fox: _________________________________________________________________________ bush: _________________________________________________________________________ match: _________________________________________________________________________ mess: _________________________________________________________________________ sandwich: _________________________________________________________________________ box: _________________________________________________________________________ glass: _________________________________________________________________________

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19

ďƒ¤ Plurals 2 Two of the most common ways to make singular words plural are by adding s or adding es. If a word ends in a hissing sound (such as: ss, ch, sh or x) add an es.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' * TASK book preview.

Add es or s to the words below to make them plural.

boss:

_____________________

nail:

_____________________

toy:

_____________________

kiss:

_____________________

tray:

_____________________

ash:

_____________________

bus:

_____________________

latch:

_____________________

banana:

_____________________

edge:

_____________________

cliff :

_____________________

girl:

_____________________

hiss:

_____________________

song:

_____________________

class:

_____________________

bag:

_____________________

book:

_____________________

cat:

_____________________

dash:

_____________________

day:

_____________________

tree:

_____________________

switch:

_____________________

window:

_____________________

dog:

_____________________

bench:

_____________________

boy:

_____________________

dress:

_____________________

dish:

_____________________

key:

_____________________

box:

_____________________

coin:

_____________________

glass:

_____________________

bottle:

_____________________

horse:

_____________________

phone:

_____________________

buzz:

_____________________

ring:

_____________________

bush:

_____________________

_____________________

witch:

_____________________

drink:

20

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 Plurals 3 Words ending in o don’t obey any rules. Some words ending in o need an s added to make them plural and others need an es to make them plural.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' * TASK A book preview.  Make the words below plural.

tomato:

_____________________

casino:

_____________________

potato:

_____________________

cargo:

_____________________

piano:

_____________________

cuckoo:

_____________________

tornado:

_____________________

go:

_____________________

hippo:

_____________________

echo:

_____________________

avocado:

_____________________

hero:

_____________________

biro:

_____________________

kangaroo:

_____________________

* TASK B

 Think of five more words ending in o, then make them plural.

1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________________________________ 4. _____________________________________________________________________ 5. _____________________________________________________________________

* TASK C

 Write a little poem using as many words ending in o as you can.

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

21

 Plurals 4

* TASK A

 Turn the singular words below into plurals.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview. hoof:

______________________

dwarf: ______________________

roof:

______________________

cuff :

______________________

loaf:

______________________

half:

______________________

life:

______________________

wife:

______________________

What do all the words above have in common? ______________________________________________________________________

Write down your own rule for making words which end in f plural. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

* TASK B

 Create a word search using your own words ending in f. They can appear

in singular or plural form.

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 Plurals 5

* TASK A

 Turn the singular words below into plurals.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview. fairy:

_____________________

worry:

_____________________

diary:

_____________________

lady:

_____________________

country:

_____________________

spy:

_____________________

mystery:

_____________________

property:

_____________________

family:

_____________________

army:

_____________________

Write down a rule which explains how to form plurals for words ending in y.

RULE 1: _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

* TASK B

 Turn the singular words below into plurals.

boy:

_____________________

holiday:

_____________________

display:

_____________________

key:

_____________________

monkey:

_____________________

toy:

_____________________

Do the words above fit your rule? Discuss how these words are different from the first set of words, then write a new rule which covers the words from both lists.

RULE 2: _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

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Share your rule with the rest of the class.

23

 Unusual Plurals

* TASK A

 Write down the plural of each word below. You may need to use your

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview. dictionary.

man:

_____________________

ox:

_____________________

child:

_____________________

appendix: _____________________

fungus:

_____________________

oasis:

mouse:

_____________________

curriculum: _____________________

tooth:

_____________________

focus:

_____________________

_____________________

* There is no rule to cover these plurals - that’s why they are referred to as ‘unusual’.

* TASK B

 Next, look at the words below. Are they singular or plural?

fish:

_____________________

innings:

_____________________

deer:

_____________________

species:

_____________________

*These words are also unusual, this time because they have the same form for singular and plural.

* TASK C

 As a class, make a list of other unusual plurals.

____________________________________

_________________________________

____________________________________

_________________________________

____________________________________

_________________________________

____________________________________

_________________________________

____________________________________

_________________________________

Challenge: How many small words can you make from each big word below? You can use the letters in any order, but you can only use each letter once.

Write on the back of this sheet.

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children

mouse

innings

Compare your answers with others in your class.

24

ďƒ¤ All Types of Plurals 1 Look at the words in bold. Find their plurals and write your answers in the spaces provided.

A This is a* TASK Ready-Ed Publications' book preview. glasses

baby

families

glass

teeth

leaf

leaves

man

babiesďƒź

tooth

men

babies

family

* TASK B libraries

foot

mice

box

boxes

tomato

tomatoes

mouse

sandwiches

library

feet

sandwich

* TASK C women

knife

children

sheep

people

woman

potatoes

child

knives

person

sheep

potato

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On the back of this sheet write four singular words and beside each word write its plural. Draw a picture to represent each plural.

25

ďƒ¤ All Types of Plurals 2

* TASK

Circle the correct plural for each word.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview. ski

a.) skis

b.) skies

c.) skiees

tax

a.) taxs

b.) taxes

c.) taxies

watch

a.) watchs

b.) watches

c.) watchies

pear

a.) peares

b.) pears

c.) pearees

diary

a.) diaries

b.) diarys

c.) diariees

tool

a.) tools

b.) tooles

c.) toolees

fairy

a.) fariees

b.) fairys

c.) fairies

worry

a.) worries

b.) worrys

c.) worryes

match

a.) matches

b.) matchs

c.) matchies

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fly

26

a.) flys

b.) flies

c.) flyes

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Section Three: Nouns

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27

 Nouns Nouns are the names of things that we can touch, taste, see, hear or smell.

Examples: car window tree river book cat wind

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' * TASK A book preview.  Complete each column with nouns (naming words).

touch

taste

Nouns we can … see

bag

sweets

clouds

* TASK B anchor

hear

smell

music

smoke

 Use four of the nouns below in questions. Underline any other nouns that

you use. bacon

circus

coast

hammer

mirror

Question: Question: Question: Question:

* TASK C

 Label and circle the nouns

that you can see in the picture.

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 Proper Nouns A proper noun is a word that always has a capital letter and is the name of a specific person, place or thing.

Example: Mary and John ran to the Riverlea bus stop.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' * TASK A book preview.  Write the names of some countries (proper nouns) that start with the

letters below.

A

C

M

A

I

J

B

L

Choose three of the proper nouns above and write one fact about each.

Proper Noun

Fact

Australia

Australia is a very large country.

* TASK B

 Write the titles of five books that you have read and five films that you

have seen. Remember to use capital letters because they are all proper nouns.

Book Titles

* TASK C Example:

Film Titles

 Names of streets are all proper nouns. Create some street names below,

then write a sentence about each.

Silver Lane – We walked slowly along Silver Lane.

_________________ Road _________________ Avenue _________________ Place

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_________________ Crescent _________________ Street _________________ Lane

29

 Common and Proper Nouns A common noun is the name of a thing which does not have a capital letter.

A proper noun is the name of a person, a place or an event that needs a capital letter.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' * TASK A book preview.  Complete the tables.

Common Noun

Proper Noun

car

Ford

girl

Sally

* TASK B

Common Noun

Proper Noun

 Create a word search in this grid. Hide as many common and proper

nouns as you can. Swap your search with a friend.

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 Collective Nouns A collective noun is the name given to a group of people, animals or objects.

For example, a group of fish is known as a school.

ThisTASKisA a Ready-Ed Publications' * book preview.  Write the collective nouns for the groups below.

A group of birds:

______________________________

The workers on a boat or plane:

______________________________

A group of bees:

______________________________

The members of a sporting group: ______________________________ A group of kittens:

______________________________

A group of singers:

______________________________

* TASK B

 Write what you would find in the groups below.

A fleet of:

_________________________________________

A pack of:

_________________________________________

A gaggle of: _________________________________________

* TASK C

A herd of:

_________________________________________

A band of:

_________________________________________

A pride of:

_________________________________________

A pod of:

_________________________________________

 Write each collective noun below in a sentence.

mob: ____________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ collection: ________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ gathering: ________________________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________________________________ party: ____________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

31

 Abstract Nouns An abstract noun names something which we know exists but that we can’t touch or see, e.g. fear, happiness.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview. * TASK A  Use each abstract noun below in a sentence.

anger: ___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ brave: ___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ coward: __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

* TASK B

 Now think of your own three abstract nouns and write each in a sentence.

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

* TASK C

 Use abstract nouns to describe the four pictures below.

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 Four Types of Nouns

* TASK A

 In your own words define each type of noun below and then provide an

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview. example of each.

Common noun: ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Proper noun: ________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________ Abstract noun: ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Collective noun: _____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

* TASK B

 Find different types of nouns in the sentences below and

place them in the correct columns. (Some sentences may contain more than one type of noun.)

(i) Captain Cook is remembered as an explorer of great courage. (ii) The team decided to go to the stadium to see the World Cup Final. (iii) As the mob surged forward towards the church the noise increased. (iv) The audience applauded wildly as Mary finished her song. (v) The teacher, Mr Smith, mentioned Tony’s honesty and friendliness in his report.

No.

Common Noun

Proper Noun

Abstract Noun

Collective Noun

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

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(v)

33

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview.

Section Four: Verbs and Adverbs

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34

 Verbs 1 A verb is an action or doing word. Every sentence must contain a verb or it does not make sense.

Examples: The child ran. The children play. The birds flew.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' * TASK A book preview.  Add a verb (doing word) to each noun (naming word) below.

Examples:

children play

people walk

cats purr

birds: _______________

plants: _______________

snakes: _______________

lions: _______________

baby: _______________

rain:

doors: _______________

wind: _______________

sisters: _______________

* TASK B

_______________

 Complete the sentences. Include suitable verbs.

When the ________________________________________________________________ Suddenly the _____________________________________________________________

* TASK C

 Circle the correct verb in each sentence, then write a new sentence using

one of the verbs not circled. Underline the verb in your sentence.

The teenager (eats / drinks / talks) on the telephone. ________________________________________________________________________ The old car (runs / slips / skips) off the wet road. ________________________________________________________________________ The children’s choir (rings / sits / sang) at the hospital. ________________________________________________________________________

* TASK D

 Write eight verbs.

* TASK E

 Choose three verbs from your list above and use each one in a question. _

Underline the verbs that you use.

Question: ________________________________________________________________

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Question: ________________________________________________________________ Question: ________________________________________________________________

35

 Verbs 2 A verb is an action or doing word. Every sentence must contain a verb or it does not make sense.

Examples: The child ran. The children play. The birds flew.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' * TASK A book preview.  Complete each sentence below by adding a suitable verb. Write a new

sentence using the same verb. Underline the verb in each sentence.

The angry student ___________________________ down the narrow passage. _________________________________________________________________________ A shattering noise ___________________________ through the still air. _________________________________________________________________________ The new motorbike ___________________________ down the steep bank. _________________________________________________________________________

TASK B  Define each verb below. Look at the example to help you. * Example: glanced: A quick look in one direction. walked: __________________________________________________________________ pulls:

__________________________________________________________________

rang:

__________________________________________________________________

swims: __________________________________________________________________ smiled: __________________________________________________________________ drops:

__________________________________________________________________

picked: __________________________________________________________________

* TASK C

 Write eight verbs that start with the following letters: b, d, h, c, m, r, l, t.

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Use one of the verbs that you have created in a sentence.

______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 36

 Verbs 3 TASK A * swims

 Complete each sentence below using one of the following verbs:

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview. walks builds Example: The man works in the house.

helps

jumps

hides

works

The boy

______________________________________________________________

My uncle

______________________________________________________________

The teacher ______________________________________________________________ The horse

______________________________________________________________

The baby

______________________________________________________________

* TASK B

 Circle the verb that makes each sentence correct.

Use the same verb in a new sentence.

My dog Mandy (drinks / plays / eats) her dog biscuits. _________________________________________________________________________ The toddler (drums / sings / eats) to herself. _________________________________________________________________________ The tall teenager (hangs / swims / runs) to the bus stop. _________________________________________________________________________

* TASK C

Circle the verbs.

grows shoots

kneels tree

creeps runs

costs hike

rang and

shines drives

back at

walks

eats

Use one of the verbs above in a question and one in an answer.

Question: _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Answer: __________________________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________________________________

37

 Verbs 4

* TASK A

 Complete each sentence below using one of the verbs from the list.

Underline each verb.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview. laughed

swam

ran

talked

heard

broke

flew

Yesterday ________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ When Mary _______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ After dinner ______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

John and his friend _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

* TASK B

 Underline the verb in each sentence below. Then create a new sentence

using the verb that you have underlined.

Dad lights the fire after dark. _________________________________________________________________________ The tall boy sees the new bike in the shop. _________________________________________________________________________ Mr Brown, the farmer, sends his sheep to the sale. _________________________________________________________________________ The hot air balloon falls from the sky. _________________________________________________________________________ The children play the piano every Friday. _________________________________________________________________________ He passed his swimming test. _________________________________________________________________________ She went to dinner with her friends at 7pm.

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_________________________________________________________________________ She sent three pairs of shoes to her brother.

_________________________________________________________________________ 38

 Verbs 5

* TASK A

 Add verbs to create sentences. Underline each verb.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview.

Example: Mary will help her mother when she comes home from town.

Tom and Susan ____________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

The six young horses _______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

Tomorrow ________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Next month_______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

* TASK B

 Change the verb in each sentence.

Example: I am going to town now. I am driving to town now.

I am eating my breakfast now. ________________________________________________________________________ Peter is riding his bike along the narrow road. ________________________________________________________________________ The children are playing in the park. ________________________________________________________________________ Our teacher marked our spelling test today. ________________________________________________________________________ I saw three puppies running to their owners.

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________________________________________________________________________

39

 Adverbs Adverbs are words that are used with verbs to describe the action of a verb.

Adverbs usually go next to the verbs that they are describing and often end in ly.

Example: The boy laughed.

The boy laughed loudly.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' * TASK A book preview.  Write eight adverbs that start with the following consonants and end in ly.

l

q

s

h

b

f

s m

Use three of the adverbs that you have created above, in sentences. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

* TASK B

 Write four adverbs that could describe the action of each verb below.

Example: Verb: acted

Adverbs: slowly quickly hastily rashly

Verb

Adverbs

ate crept spoke sang

* TASK C

 Complete each sentence with a suitable adverb.

Example: The cut on the child’s arm bled freely.

A tall guard in the play bowed _____________________.

The teacher answered _______________________.

Sarah slept _________________________ .

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Two children waited _________________________ .

A forest fire burned __________________________ .

40

 More Adverbs

* TASK

Underline the adverbs in each sentence. Beside each sentence suggest an alternative adverb.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview.

1. “Carefully place the plate of biscuits on the table,” she said.

2. He waited patiently at the school gates.

3. “Quickly put on your shoes and socks,” the teacher shouted.

4. He spoke loudly on the telephone.

5. Sam held his mother’s hand tightly.

6. New York was full of people eagerly waiting for the shops to open.

7. David danced awkwardly.

8. The policeman slammed his hand on the table angrily.

9. Henry answered the questions correctly.

10. Jarvis broke the wood in half easily.

11. The musician played the flute beautifully.

12. The dog cleverly caught the stick in his mouth.

13. William sat nervously at the table.

14. The lawyer crept quietly out the door.

15. He carelessly completed the puzzle.

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16. He waved cheerfully.

41

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview.

Section Five: Adjectives

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42

 Adjectives An adjective describe a noun. In English, an adjective usually comes before the noun.

Example: The small boy went for a ride on his new bike.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview. * TASK A  Write a suitable adjective before each noun.

A _____________morning.

A ______________ record.

The ____________ towel.

A _____________day.

The _____________ guitar.

A ______________ table.

The ____________horse.

A ______________ shirt.

A ______________ book.

* TASK B

 Find and write an adjective that could be used with each listed noun.

E.g. wooden shelter.

_____________________ string

_____________________ bottle

_____________________ shop

_____________________ shoes

_____________________ picture

_____________________ section

Use three of the adjectives and nouns above in questions. E.g. Why was the wooden shelter built?

Question 1: _______________________________________________________________ Question 2: _______________________________________________________________ Question 3: _______________________________________________________________

* TASK C Noun

 Find and write four adjectives that could describe each noun below.

Example: busker: young, small, tall, cheerful Adjectives

child monkey

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mattress candle

terrace 43

ďƒ¤ More Adjectives

* TASK

Underline the adjectives in the sentences. Suggest an additional adjective for each sentence.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview.

1. He built the big brown cubby in one day for his youngest son.

2. The wobbly wall looked dangerous.

3. The rich and powerful king announced his retirement.

4. The old keyboard needed replacing.

5. On Tuesday, he ripped up the musty carpet.

6. The poison apple lay on the floor.

7. The round pebbles sparkled in the moonlight.

8. He announced his engagement down the black microphone.

9. The scrawny dwarf was furious at her.

10.The unsightly ornament was thrown in the bin.

11.At midnight the clumsy blue smurf slipped on the large rug.

12.It was the quaint cottage which sold instantly.

13.The grumpy shepherd shouted at his dog.

14.The pretty princess hit her nasty brother.

15.The room was drab and old-fashioned.

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16.The ugly sisters were mean to Cinderella.

44

 Quantitative Adjectives A quantitative adjective tells the number or how many.

Example: There were five apples on a plate.

Five is the quantitative adjective.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview. * TASK A  Circle the quantitative adjectives in the sentences below. Suggest an

alternative quantitative adjective for each sentence.

1. She picked eleven lemons.

2. The train was full.

3. She waved goodbye to all of her pets.

4. There was no lunch left.

5. The oranges were much tastier than yesterday.

6. The glass was half full.

7. There were several seats available.

8. The tickets had doubled in price.

9. There was one book left on the shelf so she grabbed it.

10.She bought six pairs of shoes.

11.The lost property basket was empty.

12.She didn’t have any mail today.

* TASK B

 Create your own sentences using quantitative adjectives from TASK A.

little: ____________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ many: ___________________________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________________________________ few: _____________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

45

 Comparative and Superlative Adjectives 1 Comparative adjectives are used to make comparisons between two things/people.

Superlative adjectives are used to make comparisons between two or more things/people.

If we compare three girls who are all fast runners, we need adjectives to describe how fast each girl is.

Example: 1. The girls are fast runners. (Adjective – positive form.)

2. Mary is faster than Betty. (Adjective – comparative used to compare two things.)

3. Ida is the fastest of all. (Adjective –superlative used when more than two things are compared.)

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview. * TASK A

 Complete the table. (Some words will change, others will need

accompanying by another word.)

Positive

Comparative

neat

neater

Superlative neatest

small pretty large happy bad much far playful attractive famous comfortable

* TASK B

 Write two sentences each showing the comparative and

superlative forms of adjectives.

COMPARATIVE …

_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

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SUPERLATIVE …

_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 46

 Comparative and Superlative Adjectives 2 When an adjective has two or more syllables, more and most are usually used to show comparison.

Example: comfortable more comfortable most comfortable

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview.

This chair is comfortable. (positive) This chair is more comfortable than yours. (comparative) This chair is the most comfortable in the room. (superlative)

* TASK A

 Complete each sentence by adding more or most to show comparison.

Write another sentence using the same adjective.

Of the two girls, Nancy was the _____________________________ beautiful.

Sentence: _________________________________________________________________.

I thought the sunset tonight was __________________________ brilliant than last night’s.

Sentence: _________________________________________________________________.

Dad always liked to sit on the _____________________ comfortable chair in the room.

Sentence: _________________________________________________________________.

Some people are ______________________ cautious than others.

Sentence: _________________________________________________________________.

* TASK B

 Write the words below in complete sentences to show their meanings.

Remember that these words show comparison.

more thoughtful _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ most thoughtful _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ more expensive _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

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most expensive _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

47

 Comparative and Superlative Adjectives 3 When some adjectives compare two or more things they change their form.

Example: bad (positive) worse (comparative) worst (superlative) John’s cold was bad but Peter’s was worse.

However, their sister’s cold was the worst.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview. * TASK A  Write the comparative and superlative forms of each adjective below.

comparative: superlative:

* TASK B

good b________ b________

little l________ l________

many m________ m________

 Use each adjective in a short sentence.

good Sentence: _______________________________________________________________. better Sentence: _______________________________________________________________. best Sentence: _______________________________________________________________. little Sentence: _______________________________________________________________. less Sentence: _______________________________________________________________. least Sentence: _______________________________________________________________.

* TASK C

Write three sentences to show comparison. Use:

many more most.

Sentence: _______________________________________________________________.

Sentence: _______________________________________________________________.

Sentence: _______________________________________________________________.

* TASK D

Write three questions to show comparison. Use: bad worse worst.

Question: _______________________________________________________________.

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Question: _______________________________________________________________.

Question: _______________________________________________________________.

48

 Expanding Adjectives We can use more than one adjective in a sentence to give a more detailed description of a person, thing or idea.

ThisTASKisA a Ready-Ed Publications' * book preview.  Add more adjectives to the sentences below to give more detailed

descriptions.

You could choose from the following adjectives:

beautiful, round, square, boiling, broken, cheerful, wise, cold, courageous, creepy, hot, damaged, dusty, giant, gentle, healthy, excited, handsome, great, multi-coloured The brown bowl was sitting on the large table. _________________________________________________________________________ The hot porridge pot was overflowing onto the old bench. _________________________________________________________________________ The black spider scuttled across the large box. _________________________________________________________________________ The purple vase lay on the rug. _________________________________________________________________________ The little girl walked quickly onto the plane. _________________________________________________________________________ The lion was handsome. _________________________________________________________________________

* TASK B

 Write a sentence containing adjectives to match each picture.

_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 49

ďƒ¤ Answers P6 TASK B Students should highlight: pre, pre, un, un, re, re, re, semi, semi

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview.

P7 Unhappy: To be sad about something. The opposite of happy.

Semiformal: To wear clothes that are not too casual and not too dressy/formal.

Unplug: To remove a plug from a socket.

Repaint/prepaint: Repaint means to paint something again. Prepaint means to paint something before applying the final coat.

Unacceptable: Something that is not appropriate or acceptable.

Semipermanent: Something that can be reversed and so is not permanent, but will stay for some time.

Semifinal: A game that happens before the finals. It determines who will be in the finals.

Prepaid/repaid: Prepaid means to pay for something in advance such as credit for a mobile phone.

Repaid means to pay something back to someone.

Unreal: Something that is imaginary rather than real. It is also a colloquial term meaning that something is great.

Prerelease/rerelease: Prerelease means to release something (such as a movie or a song) before the official date. Rerelease means to release something that has already been released.

Semiawake/reawake: Semiawake means that someone is partly awake. Reawake means to wake again.

Reentry: Means to enter something again.

Presale/resale: Presale means a sale that is on before an official sale. Resale means to sell something again.

Prerun or rerun: Prerun means to run something before it is officially run. Rerun means to run something again.

P8 TASK A misfortune antisocial disrespect dishonest indefinite infrequent disappear antiseptic

unemployed indestructible improbable insincere impatient imperfect nonsense discomfort

TASK B 1. improbable 2. disappear 3. antiseptic 4. indestructible 5. insincere 6. nonsense 7. antisocial 8. discomfort Suggestions for challenge: antibiotics, antibacterial, antibody, anticlimax, anticlockwise, antidepressant, antihistamine, antioxidant, antivirus, antiwrinkle

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50

P9 TASK A bi – two – bipolar/bicycle/bifocal/bicentenary/binary tri – three – tricycle/triangle/trifecta/trigonometry quad – four – quadrangle/quadruple/quadrilateral oct – eight – octagon/octopus/October cent – hundred – centipede/centenary/century milli – thousand – millipede/millilitre/milligram TASK B impossible, irresponsible, inadequate, disappear, unfortunate, improbable, disrespectful, inexpensive

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview.

P10 TASK A 1. mistrust, misled, misuse, misplace 2. repaint, readdress, repay, redraw, redo, revisit 3. unfit, unafraid, untied, unable 4. superhuman, superhero, supersensitive, superman, superwoman 5. subzero, submarine, subway 6. forehead, forewarn, foretell, forecast P11 1. cramming, crammer, crammed 2. buzzing, buzzer, buzzed 3. pouring, pourer, poured 4. bombing, bomber, bombed 5. dreaming, dreamer, dreamed 6. hopping, hopper, hopped 7. jarring, jarred 8. eating Challenge: eat - the past tense of eat is ate P12 1. murdering, murderer, murdered 2. digital 3. explaining, explained 4. towering, towered 5. levelling, leveller, levelled 6. regretting, regretted 7. excelling, excelled 8. appearing, appeared, appearance 9. listening, listener, listened 10. suffering, sufferer, suffered, sufferance Challenge: (some suggestions) inexplicable, regrettable, disappear P13 TASK A Rule: When adding the suffixes ed and es to words ending in y, the y changes to an i.

TASK B Rule: When adding the suffix ing to words ending in y, the y does not change to an i.

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TASK C territory + al = territorial primary + ly = primarily multiply + cation = multiplication rely + ance = reliance mystery + ious = mysterious

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview.

P14 TASK A scarcity, scarcely troubling, troublesome extremity, extremely announcing, announcement gravity, gravely living, lively advertising, advertisement measuring, measurement TASK B 1. troublesome 2. measuring 3. scarcity 4. extremely 5. advertisement 6. living

P15 A. dripping, ending, brewing, mowing B. stewing, cramming, hopping, jarring C. fitter, shopper, dreamer, swimmer D. pourer, painter, runner, stirrer E. shrugged, buzzed, starred, spotted F. eased, bombed, filled, killed P16 actress, hostess, waitress, spokeswoman, postwoman, firewoman, batwoman, fisherwoman, chairwoman, sportswoman, saleswoman P17 TASK A unfasten uncovered unbalanced unbeaten unfinished unforgettable untouchable derailing unshrinkable

Prefix

Suffix

un un un un un un un de un

en ed ed en ed able able ing able

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TASK B balance, beat, cover, fast, finish, forget, rail, shrink, touch 52

P19 TASK A girls, boys, schools, receipts, stars, pencils, cups, computers TASK B foxes, bushes, matches, messes, sandwiches, boxes, glasses

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview.

P20 bosses, toys, trays, buses, bananas, cliffs, hisses, classes, books, dashes, trees, windows, benches, dresses, keys, coins, bottles, phones, rings, drinks, nails, kisses, ashes, latches, edges, girls, songs, bags, cats, days, switches, dogs, boys, dishes, boxes, glasses, horses, buzzes, bushes, witches

P21 TASK A tomatoes, potatoes, pianos, tornadoes, hippos, avocados, biros, casinos, cargoes, cuckoos, goes, echoes, heroes, kangaroos P22 TASK A hooves, roofs, loaves, lives, dwarves, cuffs, halves, wives All of the words contain an f.

Rule: If you add es to a word ending in f, the f changes to a v. If adding an s, the f does not change to a v.

P23 TASK A fairies, diaries, countries, mysteries, families, worries, ladies, spies, properties, armies When making words plural that end in y, change the y to ies.

TASK B boys, displays, monkeys, holidays, keys, toys When making words plural that end in a consonant and a y, change the y to ies. When making words plural that end in a vowel and a y, just add an s.

P24 TASK A men, children, fungi, mice, teeth, oxen, appendices, oases, curricula, foci TASK B fish = singular and plural deer = singular and plural innings = singular and plural species =singular and plural P25 TASK A - glasses, leaves, men, teeth, families TASK B - feet, boxes, tomatoes, mice, libraries, sandwiches TASK C - knives, sheep, women, children, people, potatoes

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P26 a.) skis b.) taxes b.) watches b.) pears a.) diaries

53

a.) tools c.) fairies a.) worries a.) matches b.) flies

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P28 TASK C Students should label and circle: the water bottle, the bag, the apple, the sandwich, the coat, the pencil, the notepad, the banana, the sunscreen P31 TASK A flock, crew, swarm or colony, team, litter, band or choir TASK B Answers may vary: ships, wolves, geese, cows/elephants/horses, gorillas, lions, birds/dolphins P33 TASK B No.

Common Noun

Proper Noun

Abstract Noun

(i)

explorer

Captain Cook

courage

(ii)

stadium

World Cup Final

(iii)

church

(iv)

song

Mary

(v)

teacher report

Mr Smith/Tony

Collective Noun

team noise

mob audience

honesty/ friendliness

P35 TASK C The teenager talks on the telephone.

The old car slips off the wet road.

The children’s choir sang at the hospital.

P37 TASK B My dog Mandy eats her dog biscuits.

The toddler sings to herself.

The tall teenager runs to the bus stop.

TASK C Students should circle: grows, kneels, creeps, rang, shines, walks, shoots, runs, hike, drives, eats P38 TASK B Dad lights the fire after dark.

The tall boy sees the new bike in the shop.

Mr Brown, the farmer, sends his sheep to the sale.

The hot air balloon falls from the sky.

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54

The children play the piano every Friday.

He passed his swimming test.

She went to dinner with her friends at 7pm.

She sent three pairs of shoes to her brother.

This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview.

P41 1. carefully 2. patiently 3. quickly 4. loudly 5. tightly 6. eagerly 7. awkwardly 8. angrily 9. correctly 10. easily 11. beautifully 12. cleverly 13. nervously 14. quietly 15. carelessly 16. cheerfully

P44 1. big, brown, youngest 2. wobbly, dangerous 3. rich, powerful 4. old 5. musty 6. poison 7. round 8. black 9. scrawny 10. unsightly 11. clumsy, blue, large 12. quaint 13. grumpy 14. pretty, nasty 15. drab, old-fashioned 16. ugly P45 TASK A 1. eleven 2. full 3. all 4. no 5. much 6. half, full 7. several 8. doubled 9. one 10. six, pairs 11. empty 12. any P46 TASK A small – smaller – smallest pretty – prettier – prettiest large – larger – largest happy – happier – happiest bad – worse – worst much – more – most far – further – furthest playful – more playful – the most playful attractive – more attractive – the most attractive famous – more famous – the most famous comfortable – more comfortable – the most comfortable P47 TASK A most, more, most, more P48 TASK A good = better, best little = less, least many = more, most

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This is a Ready-Ed Publications' book preview.

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