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wfma rdÊfÊ w`ÿre wyquq¨ rdcH wxYfha ÿYap¾hdjka ms<sn`o úuiqula

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wfma rdÊfÊ w`ÿre wyquq¨ © Transparency International Sri Lanka m%:u uqøKh - 2016 g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld wxl 5$1" t,snEkala mdr" fld<U 05 ÿrl:k - ^94& 11 4369781 *elaia - ^94& 11 2 501 707 fjí wvúh - www.tisrilanka.org ISBN: 978-955-1281-79-3

ish¨u ysñlï weúßKs' fuys wka;¾.; lreKq Wmfhda.S lr.ekSfï§" m%ldYkh lsÍfï§ g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld wdh;kfha ,sÅ; wjirh ,nd.; hq;=h'

f.!rjkSh rgla i`oyd rgl rdcH wdh;k moaO;sfhys l%shdldÍ;ajfhka ta rfgys ;ru ;SrKh l< yelsh' wdh;k moaO;sh ld¾hlaIu kï ta rfgys rdcH ld¾hlaIuh' hym;a kï ta rdcH hym;ah' ¥Is; kï ta rdcH ¥Is;h' tkhska ,xldfõ rdcH wdh;k moaO;sh foi n,k úg wmg olakg ,efnkafka fln`ÿ rdcHhla ±hs fuys m< flfrk ,sms fm< ye±Ífuka Tngu ;SrKh l< yelsh' fld<U uy k.r iNdfõ fgkAv¾ lñgqjlg iyNd.S ù lsisÿ woyila fkdolajd ysi jekSfuka muKla ,laI ye;a;Ejla bmehQ uka;%Sjreka .ek l;d Tng lshùug ,efí' jeä ÿrg;a lshjk úg fmdÿ u.S m%jdyk fiajfhys fiajd ,dNSyq fukau fiajlfhda o isákafka fkdi;=áka nj;a Bg fya;=j oDYH nj;a Tng jegfya' ta yereKq úg fi!LH wud;HdxYh ¥Is;u wud;HdxYhla nj lshkafka rfÜ ckdêm;sjrhduh' ksis u`. hñka ßhÿre n,m;a whÿï lrk whÿï lrejka ¥Is; u`.g fhduq lsÍu mÍlaIljrekaf.a rdcldßfha fldgila ù ;sfí' ¥IKfha whkak rggu lshd fokafka wOHdmk lafIa;%fhks' wd.ukh iy ú.ukh ÿieß pdßldjkaf.ka ¥Is; ù ;sfí' w`.=re lld j;=r ì î fld<U ÈjQ hlv hld wo crdju lld ì î crdfjysu .s,S crdjgu hk crdcS¾K fiajdjla njg m;a fjñka ;sfí' fï wm rfgys rdcH wdh;k moaO;sfhka fldgil ;;= muKs' iuia;h n,k úg ;j;a ìysiqKqh' fï ish,af,ka ms<sìUq jkafka wfma rfgys rdcHfha iajNdjh nj wm jgyd .; hq;=j we;' tn`ÿ rgl jdih lrk mqrjeishka f,i fï jkdys ;jÿrg;a wm bjid isáh hq;= ;;a;ajhla fkdfõ' f;dr;=re ±k .ekSfï whs;sh we;=`M uQ,sl m%;sixialrK u`.ska ±kgu;a wms fï ;;a;ajh fjkia lsÍug uq, msÍula lr we;af;uq' ;jÿrg;a ta fjkialï bÈßhg f.k hñka fï foaYfhys f.!rjkSh rdcHhla ks¾udKh lsÍfï ioald¾hhg odhl ùu wo hq.fha m%uqL ld¾hh Ndrhla nj fï ,sms fm< y`v.d lshhs'

mgqk • mqxÑ wdKavq : ;rug fkdfjhs .`o' 01 m<d;a md,k wdh;k ;=< rchk ÿießh ms<sn`o úuiqula' • fmdÿ u`.S m%jdyk fiajh : 15 fï hkafka fldhs mdf¾@ • fldfyduo ikSfma@ : 23 fi!LH lafIa;%fha ¥IK iy tajd ue`v,Sfï wNsfhda. • yß u`. ;sìh § jerÈ u`. hk fudag¾ r: m%jdyk fomd¾;fïka;=j'

• ¥IKfha whkak fukak : 39 wOHdmk lafIa;%fhys ¥IK jxpd' • mdiafmdaÜ lkaf;darefõ ÿieß mdÜ'

• jiqre lld jfÜ ÿjk hlv hld : 56 Y%S ,xld ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j'

mqxÑ wdKavq: ;rug fkdfjhs .`o! m<d;a md,k wdh;k ;=< rchk ÿießh ms<sn`o úuiqula ,ika; o is,ajd

mqrjeishdf.a Wmf;a isg urKh f;la wdOdrlhla úh hq;= m<d;a md,k wdh;k moaO;sh l=Kq ù .`o .ik ;;a;ajhlg m;aj we;s whqre fuu isoaê wOHhkfhka fy<sorõ flf¾'

Wmf;a isg urKh f;la mqrjeis Èúießh yd ne÷Kq m<d;a md,k wdh;k ;=ka wdldrlska j;aufkys Y%S ,xldj ;=< l%shd;aul fjhs' ìï uÜgfuys uyck fiajd imhk" rdcH ks,OdÍka yd uyck Pkaofhka m;ajQ mqrjeis ksfhdacs;hka hk iyNd.slhkaf.ka yd we;eï wjia:djkays mqrjeishkaf.ka o iqieÈj m%dfoaYSh iNdj" k.r iNdj yd uy k.r iNdj fiajd imhk w;r jvd;a .%dóh m%foaYj, m%dfoaYSh iNd o wk;=rej kd.ßl m%foaY Wfoid k.r iNd yd uy k.r iNd o ia:dmkh fldg we;' tfy;a fï ms<sn|j jk iSudjka we;eï úg wmeyeÈ,s nj fmfkkqfha fudkrd., jeks k.rhla Wfoid m%dfoaYSh iNdjla o" Bg jvd l=vd kd.ßl m%foaYhla jk ymq;f,a fjkqfjka k.r iNdjla o msysgqjd we;s wjia:dj jeks ksoiqkl§h' flfia fj;;a ta i|yd n,mdk ,oafoa merKs .ï iNd yd iq`M k.r iNd l%uh úh hq;= w;r oYl lsysmhlg by; iq`M k.r iNd ia:dms; fldg ;snqfKa tjl mej;s ck.yK yd kd.ßl jHdma;s rgdjka wkqj úh hq;=h'

Y%S ,xldfõ m<d;a md,k ft;sydislh Y%S ,xldfõ ckdjdi jHdma;s rgdj b;sydi f,aLk weiqfrka y÷kd.ekSu i|yd m%uqL uQ,dY%h jk uydjxYhg wkqj úchdj;rKfhka wk;=rej ìysjQ wkqrdO.%duh" Wm;siai.%duh wd§ ckdjdihka md,kh i|yd l%ufõohla mj;skakg we;s kuq;a jvd;a úêu;a m<d;a md,k l%shdj,shl wdrïNh mKavqldNh rc oji isÿjkakg we;ehs úYajdi l< yelsh' wkqrdO .%duh jvd;a úêu;a k.rhlaj wkqrdOmqrh f,i m%;sia:dmkh jQfha mKavqldNh rc ojih' fyf;u we;=`M kqjr" msákqjr wd§ jYfhka fjkafldg úêu;a ù§ wmjyk" moaO;s yd msúiqï wdÈh msysgqjd ie,iqï l< k.rfhys md,kh i|yd —k.r .=;a;sl˜ kï ;k;=rla ks¾udKh lf<ah' fuu wdo¾Yh miqld,Sk rdcH md,k iuhkays§ o úúO iajrEmhkaf.ka l%shd;aul jQ w;r .%dóh md,k ld¾hhka i|yd o rdcH ks,OdÍka m;afldg ;snQ njg idOl yuqfõ' tfiau .ï jeiaikaf.ka iukaú; .ï iNd l%uhla o b;sydifha mgka l%shd;aul úh' 1818 Wvrg le/,a, fyhska mej;s .ïiNd l%uh wfydais lsÍug ì%;dkHhka l%shd l< o kej; 1833 flda,anDDla leurka m%;sixialrK u`.ska .%du lñgq l%uhla l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd fhdackd flreKs' 1856 § .ï iNd h<s ia:dms; lrk ,ÿj ì%;dkH wdKavqj m%dfoaYSh mßmd,kh i|yd m;a l< wdKavqfõ tacka; ;ekf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka l%shd;aul jQ tajdg ksfhdacs;hska m;alsÍu Tyq úiska isÿflreKs' 1865 jkúg ie<lsh hq;= wkaofï n,;, iys;j fld<U iy uykqjr uyk.r iNd msysgqjk ,o w;r tajdfha m;a l< yd Pkaofhka m;ajq ksfhdacs;fhda jQy' 1931 we;sjQ m%;sixialrKj,ska wk;=rej mQ¾K jYfhka fuu uyk.r iNd uyck Pkaofhka m;ajQ ksfhdacs;hkaf.ka iukaú; úh' .ïiNdj,g uq,ajQ .%du lñgq o 1938 § muK Pkaofhka ksfhdacs;hka m;ajQ yd Tjqkaf.a nyq;r leue;af;ka iNdm;sjrhd m;a lr .;a jHqyhla njg m;aúh' ta jkúg fïjd bvï nÿ whlrkq ,nk ud¾." c, myiqj" ikSmdrlaIdj wd§ fmdÿ wjYH;d 2

úIhfhys l%shd;aul wdh;k úfYaIhla njg m;aj ;snqKs' 1920 wxl 11 orK m<d;amd,k wd{d mK; u`.ska f;jeoEreï m<d;a md,k wdh;k l%uhla we;slsÍug fhdackd flreKs' 1939 jkúg Èjhsk mqrd m%foaY /il k.r iNd yd iq`M k.r iNd wdrïN fldg ;snqKs' ksoyiska miq Y%S ,xldfõ o m<d;a md,k wdh;k l%uh l%shd;aul jQ w;r kj wKmK;a u`.ska tajd fj; úúO n,;, mejÍ ;snqKq w;r uOHu rch i;= we;eï úIhhka fjkafldg § ;snqKs' 1988 jkúg Èjhsfka ish¨ .ïiNd m%dfoaYsh iNd f,i kdulrKh ù ;snqKq w;r jvd n,;, iys; yd ixúê; tall úfYaIhla njg mßj¾;kh úh' uy k.r iNd" k.r iNd yd m%dfoaYSh iNd mk;a m%ldrj md,kh jqKq fïjd ìï uÜgfï yd ck;djg ióm;u foaYmd,k ksfhdacs;dh;k njg m;afjñka cd;sl foaYmd,kfha ;sôß f.j, ;;a;ajh ksrEmKh lf<ah' wo jk úg Y%S ,xldfõ uy k.r iNd 23la" k.r iNd 41la iy m%dfoaYSh iNd 271 la jYfhka l%shd;aul jk iuia; m<d;a md,k wdh;k .Kk 335ls' ta ish,a, i|yd uyck Pkaofhka ksfhdacs;hka f;aÍ m;ajk w;r foaYmd,k mlaI w;sYh jeo.;alula wdfrdamKh lrñka ish wfmalaIlhska ksfhdacs;hka f,i Èkùu i|yd ue;sjrK igfka kshef,hs' cd;sl foaYmd,khg msúiSu i|yd jk ysksu.la fia Ndú;d flfrk m<d;a md,k wdh;k ksfhdackfhka fld<U uyk.r iNdfõ ueo fld<U uka;%Sjrhdj isá rKisxy fm%auodi fld<U k.rdêm;sjrfhl=j isá l:dkdhl lre chiQßh wd§ fndfyda cd;sl ;,fha foaYmd,k{hska biau;= jQ w;r wo o tjekakka fndfyda fofkl= foaYmd,kslj l%shdldÍh'

b,a,ula ksid by< .sh b,a¨u m<d;a md,k wdh;k Y%S ,xldfõ cd;sl foaYmd,khg msúiSu i|yd ;sôßf.h ùu u ish¨ foaYmd,k mlaI ta i|yd ;r.je§fï§ bÈßm;ajk wfmalaIlhka w;sYh Woafhda.Su;a ùfï fya;=j fkdfõ' ck;dj Wfoid fiajh lsÍu mru yd W;a;=x. wruqK f,i fmkajd foñka Pkaoh b,a,k fï wfmalaIlhska ish¨ fokdf.a jEhu flfia fyda m<d;a md,k wdh;khl uq,a mqgqj Èkd.ekSuhs' Bg fya;=j mqrjeishdf.a uQ,sl cSjk wjYH;d fndfydauhl§ wksjd¾h fiajd imhk ia:dk jk tajd wkshñka Okh Wmhd.ekSu i|yd b,a,ï njg m;aj ;sîuhs' iq`M oSukdjla muKla udislj ,nk .re ;k;=rla Èkd .kakd m%dfoaYSh iNd uka;%Sjrhd we;=`M ksfhdacs;hkaf.a wfmalaIdj ish Oqrld,h ;=< fldka;%d;a wd§ l%uj,ska flfia fyda uqo,a Wmhd .ekSu fjoa§ jeä n,hla yd jdyk wd§ myiqlï iu. jeäfhka Wmhkakg yels ksid iNdm;s" k.rdêm;s wd§ ;k;=re fjkqfjka lrkq ,nk úhou o w;sYh by<h' Èjhsfka m¾hka; m%dfoaYSh iNdjkag m;aùu i|yd o wjika jrg mej;s ue;sjrKhkays§ ,laI úismylg jeä uqo,la úhoï l< miqj iNdm;s Oqrhg m;a ;eke;a;ka fõ' fï lsisfjl=g ;ukag kshudldrfhka ysñ §ukdfjka úhou m%;smQ¾Kh lr.; fkdyels jk neúka wh:d f,i Okh /ialrkakg isÿùu iajNdúlh' ta i|yd Wmfhda.S lr.kakd

l%u w;sYh ¥Is; fuka o kskaÈ; o fõ' uyskao rdcmlaI wdKavqj iufha mia lemSfï fldka;%d;a;=jla i|yd j,,a,dúg m%dfoaYSh iNdfõ iNdm;sjrhd remsh,a ñ,shkhl w,a,ila b,a¨fõ hehs fpdaokd ke.=Kq w;r Tyq th b,a,d ;snqfKa hdno m%dfoaYsh iNdjl iNdm;sjrfhl= jk ish mlaIfhau i.fhl=f.ks'

fujeks wkka; WodyrK u`.ska Y%S ,xldfõ m<d;a md,k wdh;k fndfydauhla idlÉPdjg Ndckh úh hq;= ;rfï yd úi÷ï fiúh hq;= wkaofï ¥IKhkag f.dÿrej we;ehs fmkajd Èh yels jk w;ru ÿießfhys kshef,kafka uyck Pkaofhka m;ajQ ksfhdacs;hkau fkdù rcfhka jegqma ,nk fiajlhska jk m<d;a md,k lafIa;%fha ks,OdÍka o ¥Is; l%shdjkag odhl jk nj iy tajdfhys ksr; nj wkdjrKh úh' b,lal lKavdhï idlÉPd weiqfrka l< isoaê wOHkhla jk fï ,smsfhka wkdjrKh jk tn÷ we;eï lreKq w;sYh cq.=maidckl jkafka fiau lafIa;%fhys olakg ,efnk l=Kqùu fl;rï ìysiqKq±hs fmkakqï flf¾'

m<d;a md,kfhys uyf.or fld<U k.r iNdj weiqfrka fuu ,smsh i|yd mdol lr.;a b,lal lKavdhï idlÉPdjkag iyNd.S jQ iyNd.slhka jeä fokd fld<U uy k.r iNdfjys jD;a;slhkah' ta wkqj fuys,d fy<sorõ flfrk lreKq fndfyduhla fld<U uyk.r iNdj weiqfrka wkdjrKh flfrk kuq;a fuh Èjhsfka ieu ke;skï jeäuk;a m<d;a md,k wdh;khkag fmdÿ ;;a;ajh nj ks.ukh lsÍu wmyiq fkdfõ' Bg fya;=j idlÉPdjg tlajQ msßi m<d;a md,k lafIa;%fhys jD;a;Sh iñ;s ksfhdackh lrk kdhlhka jk neúka fmdÿ ;;ajfhys yrialvla ms<sônq lrk whqfrka lreKq ±laùu isÿùuh' m%ia;+; lreKq úuid isàug fmr jD;a;Sh iñ;s kdhlhska yd jevuq`M idlÉPd jg lsysmhlau meje;aùu b;d m%;sM,odhS wkaoñka isÿjQ w;r msgfldgqfõ rdcH fiajd l<ukdlrK iyldr ix.ufha uQ,ia:dkfha iy fnd/,a, m<d;a rdcH fiajd l<ukdlrK iyldr ix.ufha ld¾hd,h wjika idlÉPd i|yd /iajQ ia:dk fõ' fï idlÉPdjka w;ßka w;sYh ;SrKd;aul idlÉPdj mej;sfha fnd/,af,a§h' ta i|yd jD;a;Sh iñ;s kdhlhska we;=`M ksfhdacs;hka i;a fofkl=f.a msßila iyNd.S jQ w;r Tjqkaf.a wdrlaIdj Wfoid wkkH;dj fy<sorõ lsÍfuka je,lS isàug isÿjk w;r uQ,dY% fy<s fkdlsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh u; th wdpdrOd¾ñl fõ' tfiau fuys,d wkdjrKh flfrk lreKq o ksrjoH;dj ;yjqre lr.;a kuq;a fuu wlghq;= kdolhkaf.a wdrlaIdj Wfoid bÈßm;a l< fkdyels ,sÅ; idOlj,ska iukaú;h' fld<U uy k.r iNdfõ jD;a;Sh iñ;s ish,a,u mdfya fï b,lal lKavdhï idlÉPdj i|yd iyNd.S ùu úfYaIh' Tjqyq k.r iNdfõ ish¨ lghq;= ms<sn| w;a±lSfuka ,o mD:q, {dkhla we;shka jQfhka mqrjeishd fj; fiajdjka iemfhk iEu wxYhlu ¥IK l%shdjka úia;rd;aulj i|yka lsÍu isÿúh' 4

fjkila fkdjQ fjki 2015 ckjdß 08 isú,a iudch m%n, f,i ueÈy;a jQ fjkila ,dxlSh foaYmd,kfhys isÿúh' tys,d y~ ke.=Kq m%uqL igka mdG w;r ¥IK úfrdaOh" hymd,kh' úksúo nj lemS fmkqKs' furg udOH iudch ;=<;a úmlaI foaYmd,k Odrdjka ;=<;a fï fjkig fmr fld<U uyk.r iNdj yd tys ld¾hhka ms<sn|j ifya;=l úfõpk ;snQ kuq;a rdcH u¾okh yuqfjys udOH Tiafia tajd ck.; jQfha fiñka yd iSudkaú;jh' k.rfha mqrm;sjrhd f,i lghq;= lf<a m%Odk úmlaIfha ksfhdacs;fhl= jk uqiïñ,a jkuq;a kd.ßl flduidßiajßh l%shdlf<a tjlg kd.ßl ixj¾Ok yd rdcH wdrlaIl wud;HdxYfha f,alï f.daGdNh rdcmlaIf.a wkq±kqu yd ksfhda. u; jQ w;r mqrm;sjrhd o tlS l%shdl,dmhka ksy~j wkqu; lrk m%;sm;a;shl isá nj úfõplhskaf.a woyi úh' tfyhska k.r iNdj l%shd;aul jQfha iajdëk ie<iqï u; fkdj wdrlaIl yd kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYfha f,alïjrhdf.a m%;sm;a;s yd ie,iqï lsisu úuiqulg fyda we.hqulg Ndckh fkdlrñka nj jD;a;Sh iñ;s kdhlfhda fmkajd ÿkay' Tjqkag wkqj ckjdß 08 fjkiska miqj ysgmq kd.ßl flduidßiajßhf.a mßmd,kh ksudlsÍug kj rch l%shdl< o fld<U k.r iNdfõ isÿjQ ld¾hhkaf.a iajNdjh uolska fyda fjkiaj ke;' ta;dla mej;s wdKavqfõ n,OdÍkaf.a jqjukd tmdlï j,g w;a;fkdau;slj isÿjQ lsisjla fjkia lsÍug mqrm;sjrhd l%shdfldg fkdue;' f.daGdNh rdcmlaI ysgmq f,alïjrhdf.a wkq±kqu u; l%shd;aul jq lsisu jHdmD;shla miq úuiqulska fyda we.hqulska ixfYdaOkhkag ,lafldg l%shd;aul lsÍu fjkqjg mqrm;sjrhd l%shdlrkq ,enqfõ isákafka tajd ksoyfia l%shd;aulùug wjeis mßirh iïmdokhg nj fmkajd fok jD;a;Sh iñ;s ksfhdacs;hkag wkqj th o ¥IKfhys j¾Okhg fya;=jls'

fndfyda wlghq;= jD;a;Sh iñ;s kdhlhka iu. mej;s idlÉPdj,§ fmdÿfõ iEu m<d;a md,k wdh;khlgu wod< fj;ehs ifya;=lj ks.ukh l< yels ¥IK l%shd .Kkdjla wkdjrKh lr.; yels jQjo bka lsysmhla fuys,d wjOdrKh fldg ±laúh yelsh' Bg fya;=j fï wdY%s; meyeÈ,s lsÍï ksYaÑ; yd mQ¾K jYfhka ¥IKfhys,d ie,lSu wmyiq fkdjk ksidh' tneúka jD;a;Sh iñ;s l%shdOdÍka bÈßm;a l< ¥IK f,i y÷kd .ekqkq isÿùï tlsfkl úNd. lruq' tajd w;r"

• k.r iNd n, m%foaYfha ud¾. fomi iy úfYaI ia:dkj, we;s kej;=ï ia:dkj, r:jdyk kj;d ;eîfï§ ta i|yd jk .dia;= whlsÍfï l%ufõoh ;=< isÿjk ¥IK • óf;dguq,af,a l=Kq lkaog li< neyer lsÍfï l%shdj,sh ;=< isÿjk ¥IK

• iqmsß uy,a ksjdi fyj;a wmdÜiaukaÜia we;=¿j úúO f.dvke`.s,s bÈlsÍu i|yd jk ie,iqï wkqu; lsÍfï§ isÿjk ¥IK

• NdKav iy fiajd ñ,§ .ekSfï l%shdj,sfha ¥IK • jßmkï ;lafiare lsÍfï ¥IK • kd.ßl uka;%Sjreka i|yd úúO mqyqKq ieis meje;aùu ;=< isÿjk iïm;aa kdia;sh'

• fiajlhka n|jd.ekSfï§ isÿjk ¥IK

i,a,s wdlrhla jQ jdyk kej;=ï iEu m<d;a md,k wdh;khlu tla m%Odk wdodhï ud¾.hla jkafka k.rfha ux udj;a fomi yd úfYaIfhka fjka l< ia:dk j, kj;d ;efnk r:jdyk j,ska kej;=ï .dia;= whlr .ekSuhs' we;eï m<d;a md,k wdh;kj, r:jdyk md,lhska fyda md,sldjka m;afldg Tjqka u`.ska wdodhï ,nd.ekSu isÿjk w;r tu msßi udisl jegqma ,nkakkah' we;eï m<d;amd,k wdh;k jdyk kej;=ï .dia;= /ialsÍfï ld¾hh mqoa.,sl wxYhg mjrd ;sfí' fld<U k.r iNdj r:jdyk kej;=ï .dia;= whlsÍu fgkav¾ u`.ska mqoa.,sl wxYhg mjrkqfha ta i|yd m;a l< r:jdyk md,sldjka isáh§ ùu úiauh cklh' fya;=j ukd l<ukdlrKhla we;sj isÿlrkafka kï jdyk kej;=ï .dia;= hkq uyck fiajdjka i|yd fhoúh yels w;súYd, uqo,la W;amdokh lr fokq ,nk ud¾. hls' fld<U k.rfha fï iïnkaO wlghq;=lï fy<slsÍug fmr idOkSh WodyrKhla weiqfrka th meyeÈ,s l< yelsh' uyskao fodvïfma.uf.a kqjrt<sh uyk.r iNdfõ k.rdêm;sjrhd f,i m;aùug fmr r:jdyk kej;=ï wdodhu f,i jd¾Islj ,enqfKa fgkav¾ u`.ska Wmhd.;a remsh,a ,laI 35ls' Tyqg wkqj fuys jk wl%uj;a iajNdjh jgyd.;a ksid ish md,k ld,h ;=<§ jdyk wdodhï /ialsÍfï wjia:dj mqoa.,sl wxYfhka h<s mjrdf.k k.r iNdfõ fiajlhska u`.ska isÿlsÍu wdrïN úh' tys m%ÓM,h jd¾Islj remsh,a fldaá wg yudrl muK wdodhula Wmhd .ekSug k.r iNdj iu;aùuhs' tfia k.r iNdfõ weúÍ ;snqKq wdodhï ud¾. újr lr.ksñka úksúo njlska hqla;j l%shdlsÍug yelsùu ksid uyckhdf.ka whflfrk nÿ remsh,lska fyda jeä fkdlr fiajdjka tf,iu iemhSug kqjrt<sh k.r iNdj iu;aj ;sfí' wdikak nKavdrfj, uyk.r iNdj o fumßoafoka ish fiajl fiaaúldjka fhdojd jdyk kej;=ï .dia;= wh lsÍfuka úmq, M, m%fhdack ,nd.kS' mqoa.,sl wxYhg fgkav¾ u`.ska tu wjia:dj ,nd§fï§ m<d;a md,k wdh;kj,g ,efnk wdodhu wysñùu fukau md,kh l< fkdyels wkaoñka uyckhd mSvdjg m;aflfrk njo fkdryils' kqjrt<sh y.a., WoaNso WoHdkh wi< ud¾.h fomi jdyk kej;Sfï .dia;= wh lrkafka mqoa.,sl wxYhhs' th fldg., m%dfoaYSh iNdj u`.ska msßkeuQ fgkavrhls' .dia;= whlrkafka m%dfoaYSh iNdfõ uqødj iys; ,ÿm;a ksl=;a lrñka kuq;a remsh,a 50 .Kfka jdykhlska kej;=ï .dia;= wh lsÍfï§ kej;=ï fmd< iSudjka meyeÈ,sj olajd fkdue;' tuksid

.dia;= wh lrkakd ;ukaf.a ukdmh mßÈ úYd, uqo,la Wmhd .ksñka th wmyrKh lrhs' Tyq fmdÿ nia kej;=u igyka lr we;s mqjrej o Wml%ñlj bj;afldg tu ia:dkh o jdyk kej;Sug fhdojd wdodhï Wmhd.kS' fï isoaêh yd ii|k l, fld<U uyk.r iNd n, m%foaYfha isÿjkafka uyd mßudK ¥IKhlehs mejiSu whqla;s iy.; fkdfõ' fld<U uyk.r iNdfõ r:jdyk md,sldjka isáh§u l%ufhka kej;=ï ia:dkj, .dia;= whlsÍfï jru mqoa.,sl wxYhg mjrd fokafka ¥Is; ks,OdÍka yd foaYmd,k{hska yjqf,ah' ta .dia;= whlrk msßia fyda iud.ï Tjqkag w; háka ,ndfok uqo,a l=Üá ksidh' r:jdyk .dia;= whlrk we;eï msßia ;uka iud.ï hehs y÷kajd.;a; o fïjd l+g f,i wgjd.;a cdjdrï úkd ienE iud.ï fkdfjk nj wkdjrKh úh' rKisxy fm%auodi ckdêm;sjrhdf.a ixl,amhla wkqj n|jd.;a r: jdyk md,sldjka 396la fld<U k.r iNdfõ fiajh l<y' fld<U kd.ßl n, m%foaYfhau mÈxÑ È<s÷ mjq,aj, idudcslhkag jegqmla ,nd§u u`.ska tu mjq,a wd¾Ól jYfhka k`.d isgqùu wruqKq lr.;a tu jHdmD;sfhka Tjqkaf.a hyidOkh isÿjQ w;ru k.r iNdjg o ie<lsh hq;= wdodhula ysñúh' Tjqka m%foaYh ms<sn|j ukdj ±kisá w;ru hym;a uyck iïnkaO;djla mj;ajd f.k.sh msßila o úh' k.rhg meñfKk uyckhdg jdyk kej;=ï myiqlï iemhSu m<d;a md,k wdh;khl j.lSula jk fyhska th fiajdjla f,i i<ld bgq l< hq;= jkafka mSvdldÍ wkaoñka .dia;= wh fkdlrñks' tfy;a miq.sh jljdkqfõ fld<U uyk.r iNdj yqfola ,dN bmhSfï mrud¾:fhka fiajd md¾Yajh wu;l fldg jdyk kej;=ï .dia;= whlsÍu mqoa.,sl wxYhg mjrd fokafka ysgmq flduidßiajßh w;a;fkdau;sl f,i ish ks, n,h Ndú;d lsÍu u`.sks' fï i|yd jk Wml%ñl m%fõYhla f,i úY%du hk r:jdyk md,sldjka fjkqjg kj msßia n|jd.ekSug l%shd fkdlsÍu muKla fkdj tu ;k;=re wfydais lsÍuo isÿflreKs' tu`.ska È<s÷ mjq,aj, ia;%Skag ,o yelsj ;snQ wdodhï wjia:djla wysñ lrñka k.r iNdjg o úYd, wdodhula Wmhd.ekSug ;snQ wjia:djla wjqrd ±óu o isÿjq w;r jdyk ysñhka mSvdldÍ f,i iQrdlñka jHdmdßlhka " ¥Is; foaYmd,k{hska yd ks,OdÍka tlaj ish nv jvd .;ay' fï yjq, iuia; k.rhu ish wKil hg;g .ksñka uyck fiajdj iïmQ¾Kfhka fkd;ld yer we;s neúka yÈisfha jeisls<s hdu jeks lghq;a;lg fyda jdykh kej;Sfï wjia:dj mjd ck;djg wysñ j we;' ;;a;ajh fl;rï ne?reï o h;a wm yd woyia ±lajQ k.r iNdfõ fiajl uy;ajrekag wkqj ;uka k.r iNdfõ fiajh lrk nj mejiQjo fï .dia;= whlrkakka th fkd;ld l%shdlsÍu ksid ±ka Tjqka o isÿlrkafka ta nj fkdmjid whlrk uqo, ,nd§uhs' k.riNdfõ jdyk md,sldjka fuka uyck iïnkaO;dj ms<sn|j ie<ls,su;a fkdjk Tjqka w;ßka we;uqka md;d, idudcslhska neúka .egqï we;slr.ekSfuka je<lSuo jdyk ysñhkag iqnodhlh'

fld<U uyk.r iNdj jdyk .dia;= whlrk iufha jdykhla kj;d ;eîu i|yd whlrk ,oafoa remsh,a oyhl .dia;=jls' th mqoa.,sl wxYhg mejÍfuka miqj .dia;=j remsh,a ;sy muK jkf;la ishhg ;=kaishhl muK m%;sY;hlska by< ±uqKq w;r whflrefKa meh .Kkg neúka ffokslj jeä meh .Kkla ßh kj;d ;nk ckhd ±äf,i mSvdjg m;aúh' tfy;a fï ish¨ uqo,a wod, kej;=ï ia:dkh nÿ.;a jHdmdßlhdg ysñfjoa§ k.riNdjg ,enqfKa jd¾Isl fgkav¾ uqo, muKs' fgkavrh ,nd.ekSug Wmldr lsÍu ksid foaYmd,k{hskag yd ks,OdÍkag kï fkduoj ikaf;daiï ysñfõ' tfy;a k.r iNdjg ysñúh hq;= úYd, uqo,la fufia wysñ fjoa§ f.úh hq;= uqo,a o ksis mßÈ fkdf.jd fldaá .Kkl ysÕhla fï jkúg ks¾udKh ù we;s njg o idlaIs jD;a;Sh iñ;s i;=h' jdyk kej;=ï ia:dk fgkav¾ lsÍfï§ ñ,§.kakd wh ;=gqmygq lsÍfuka f;drj ;ukag uqo,la Wmhd.; fkdyels nj okakd foaYmd,k{hska yd ks,OdÍka wkq.ukh lrk lÈu Wmdhla ;sfí' ta fgkav¾ jákdlu wvqfjka ±laùuhs' th isÿlrkafka lsishï ia:dkhl kj;d ;eìh yels jdyk ixLHdj wvqfjka ;lafiare lsÍfuks' ksoiqkla f,i jdyk 80la kj;d ;eìh yels ia:dkhla kï lrkafka jdyk 40la muKla kej;sh yels ia:dkhla f,ihs' túg fgkavrfha jákdlu my< hk w;r ñ,§.;a wh iuia; Odß;dju wdodhï bmhSu i|yd Ndú;d lrkqfha l< Wmldrh fjkqfjka wod< md¾Yjj,g w,a,ia f.jñks' jdyk kej;=ï ia:dk fgkav¾ lsÍfï§ fgkav¾ bÈrsm;a lrkakka w;ßka th m%odkh lrkafka l,a we;sj tlÕ;d we;slr.;a ;eke;a;dg jk w;r úúO fya;= olajñka fiiq whf.a fgkav¾ b,a¨ï m;a m%;slafIam lsÍug l%shd lrkq ,efí' tfy;a ;uka wfmalaId l< whg fgkavrh lsishï whqrlska fkd,eî .shfyd;a flá l,lg ksy~ jk n,OdÍyq kej; tu ia:dkfha ;j;a fldgila fgkav¾ lsrSug lghq;= lr;s' th wiSre lreKla fkdjkafka uq,a wjia:dfõ jdyk 80 la kej;sh yels ia:dkh fmkajd § we;af;a jdyk 40la .d,a l< yels ia:dkhla f,i neúks' fuf,i jdyk kej;=ï fgkavr u`.ska uyd mßudK ¥IK isÿflfrk njg ksoiqka f,i jD;a;Sh iñ;s ksfhdacs;hka i|yka l< ia:dk w;r ldi,a frday, yd uy frday, wjg m%foaYh" fjdlafIda,a ùÈh jeks ia:dk l=m%lgh' jdyk kej;=ï ia:dkj,ska .dia;= whlsÍfï ld¾hh fgkav¾ lsÍfï isg fkdfhl=;a fgkav¾ ld¾hhkays§ fld<U uy k.r iNdj isÿlrk ;j;a u.ähla we;' fuh Èjhsfka fiiq m<d;amd,k wdh;khkays§ o w;ayod nef,kakla f,i m%lgh' lsishï fgkav¾ le|ùulska miq wod< lghq;= wdrïN lrkafka ys;du;d udi lsysmhl m%udohlska miqjh' tjeks wjia:djl jeäu ,xiqj ;enQ ;eke;a;dg fgkavrh ysñjk kuq;a ta jkúg fj<|fmd, ñ, .Kka by< f.dia we;ehs lshñka Tyq fiajd iemhSu m%;slafIam lrhs' tys§ isÿlrkakg jkafka fojk by< ,xiqjg fgkavrh msßkeóuhs' Tyq o ñ, .Kka by< f.dia we;s neúka fgkavrh Ndr.ekSu m%;slafIam lrhs' fï wkqj ;=kajeks fyda y;rjeks b,a¨ïlre olajd fgkavrh msßkeófï wjia:dj miqniS' fuys§ isÿjkafka b;d wvq ,xiqjlg ifya;=lj fgkavrh ,nd§ug isÿùuhs' tfy;a

ieÕjqKq i;Hh kï fï ish¨ fgkavr whÿï fhduqlr we;af;a ks,OdÍkaf.a yd foaYmd,k{hskaf.a wdYs¾jdo ,;a tlu b,a¨ïlrefjl= ùuhs' fï jkúg .d¨mdf¾ f.da,afmaia isg fld,a¨msáh olajd kj;d ;efnk r:jdyk j,ska .dia;= whlr.ekSu i|yd jk fgkavrh m%odkh fldg ;sfí' ta jirl iyk ld,hla fldkafoaishla f,i mkjñks' fya;=j kej;=ï ia:dk kdulrKhg" kdu mqjre iúlsÍug ld,h wjYH jk fyhsks' tfia ;sìh§ fgkavrh ,nd.;a ;eke;a;d ±kgu;a .dia;= wh lsÍu wdrïN lr ;sfnkafka fldkafoaish lv lrñka yd k.r iNdjg i;myl fyda uqo,la ,nd fkdfoñks' tfiau .d¨ mdf¾ w;=re ud¾. j, jdyk kej;=ï .dia;= tl;= lsÍfï wjirhla wod< fgkavrh u`.ska ,nd § fkdue;s jqjo Tyq tajdfhys kj;d ;efnk r:jdyk j,ska o uqo,a wh lrkafka k.r iNdjg ,eìh hq;= wdodhu wysñ lrñks' fï lreKq ks,OdÍka ±k isák kuq;a uqksj; rlskafka l=m%lg ¥Is; iïnkaO;d ksidh' ysgmq kd.ßl flduidßiajßhf.a wkqyia md,kfha uysufhka ßh md,sldjka f.a .Kk fï jkúg 200lska wvqj we;af;a Tjqka úY%du hdu ksid we;sjk mqrmamdvq fkdmsrjQ fyhsks' fuh mqoa.,sl wxYhg f.ämsákau fk,d.kakg wjia:dj foñka byf.k lEuls' tys wfYdaNku isÿùu kï ±kg ßh md,sldjka isák ia:dkj, o Tjqka m,jd yßñka ˜fï wms fgkav¾ .;a ;ekls h lshñka— uerhska jdyk kej;=ï .dia;= /ia lsÍuhs'

ri ujk l=Kq lkao óf;dguq,a, fiiq m<d;a md,k wdh;kj,g flfia fj;;a fld<Ug kï l=Kq meKs rih' ta óf;dguq,af,a l=Kq lkao we;uqkag Ok W,am;laj we;s neúks' wê mdßfNdack rgdj yuqfõ le<sli, f.da,Sh w¾nqohla jqjo Èrk fkdÈrk li< iïm;la yd wdodhula njg m;a wjia:d f,dj muKla fkdj Y%S ,xldfõ o úr, ke;' n,xf.dv k.r iNdj fï jkúg l=Kqj,ska wdodhï ,nk w;ru l=Kq / ialr fok ckhdg f.ùula o lrhs' nKavdrfj, k.r iNdj o id¾:l li< l<ukdlrK jHdmD;shla fufyhjñka Wiia ldnksl fmdfydr ksIamdok l%shdj,shla wdrïN fldg we;' tfy;a tla /iajk li< mßudfõ nrm;, fjki;a ;snqK o fld<U l=Kq .ek;a tajd f.k f.dia ouk óf;dguq,af,a ±jeka; l=Kq lkao .ek;a wikakg ,efnkafka l=Kq l;du ñi wn wegl ;rfï fyd|la fkdfõ' fld<U k.r iNdfõ li< /ialsßfï ld¾hh yd l<ukdlrK lghqq;= fjkqfjka fiajl msßila isáh§ l,lg by; ¥Is; foaYmd,k{hska yd ks,OdÍka ikaOdk.;j th fgkav¾ u`.ska mqoa.,sl wxYhg mjrdfokq ,eìK' tu we;eï iud.ï i;= by< iïnkaO;dj, ;ru fl;rïo h;a miq.sh wdKavq iufha fu.d ieKfl<shla jQ ±hg lsref<ys ikSmdrlaIl fiajd ld¾hhka fgkav¾ .kakgo tajdg yelsúh' mej;s ;;a;ajh ;=< tfia fufia iïnkaOlula we;s wfhl=g fyda iud.ulg ñi wfkfll=g tjekaklg odhl úh fkdyels

miqìul ,íng ;enQ w; mqyq,g;a ;nñka iud.ï fld<U l=Kqj,ska i,a,s ujk uka;rh Ndú;d lrkakg úh' óf;dguq,a, wjg mÈxÑ lrejka nrm;, f,i mSvdjg m;a flfrk ±jeka; l=Kq lkao ksidu ks;r ck wr., we;sjk w;r Tjqkaf.a b,a,Su ;u m%Yakj,g úi÷ï foñka cSj;aùfï whs;sh ;yjqre lsÍuhs' th l< yelafla óf;dguq,af,a ck;djg iqÿiq ia:dkhl ksjdi ,nd§fuks' k.r iNdfõ jD;a;Sh iñ;s fmkajd fok mßÈ l=Kq fgkavr m%odkh lrk iEu wjia:djl§u wu;rj úYd, uqo,la ,ndfokqfha tf,i ck;dj kej; mÈxÑ lsÍu i|ydh' tfy;a fï olajd tjekakla isÿj fkdue;' mÈxÑlrejka uqo,a ,ndf.k bj;a fkdù isáh o" ks,OdÍka yd jHdmdßlhka tu uqo,a wmyrKh l< o wysñ jkafka ±jeka; uyck uqo,ls' óf;dguq,af,a l=Kq lkao ysÕkakdf.a ;=jd,hla njg m;alsÍu fï ieuf.a wfmalaIdjh' tu`.ska Tjqyq l=Kq ri meKs rig m;alrf.k ;sfí' fld<U k.rfhka tl;=jk l=Kq óf;dguq,a,g f.kf.dia ouk l=Kq lsrd ne,Sfuka miq iud.ïj,g uqo,a ,efnk l%uhla mj;S' ta i|yd iúlr we;s ;rdÈh wl%sh ù ±kg jir folla bl=;aj we;' tfy;a levqKq ;rdÈfhka Èkm;d l=Kq lsÍu isÿfõ' wdikak w.hg fug%sla fgdka 800 g wvqfjka fyda jeäfhka fufia lsrd igyka ;nkafka flfia±hs ksYaÑ;j okafka l=Kq lkakka muKs' fld<U k.r iNdfõ fiajh lrk bxcsfkarejka ish .Kkla isáh§ ;rdÈh w¨;ajeähd fkdlrkafka ukao hkak úu;shg lreKla fkdfõ' th w¨;ajeähd l<fyd;a kshñ; mßÈ lsrkakg isÿùfuka l=Kq i,a,s wvqùu Bg fya;=jhs'

wyi Wig bÈjk ukaÈr miqmi ,xldfõ bvï ñ, by<u fld<U fyhska iEu m¾pihlau fldaá .Kkska m%ldY l< yels wêl jákdlulska hqla; fõ' tu ksid m¾pia 30-40 l=vd bvï lene,a,la we;akï fyd|u wdfhdackh jkafka iqmsß uy,a ksjdi ixlS¾Khla bÈlsÍuhs' jHjydrfha wmdÜiaukaÜ kñka ye|skafjk fï uy,a ksjdi ixlS¾Khl ksfjila ysñlr .ekSu Okj;=kaf.a isyskhls' foaYSh fyda úfoia.; Okj;=kag fïjd wf,úlsÍu wmyiq fkdjkafka tneúks' iem ksjdi bÈlrkakka isÿlrkafka fhdacs; ksjdi ixlS¾Kfha ie,iqu yd .%d*sl rEm we;=<;a úia;r o iys;j wka;¾cd,fha m<lrk ±kaùïj,ska tajd ñ,§.ekSug bv m%ia:dj ,nd§uhs' ta jkúg bÈlsÍï isÿj ke;o uqo,a ,efnk w;r tu uqo,ska bÈlsÍï isÿl< yelsh' fujeks wjia:djla hkq fld<U k.r iNdfõ we;eï ks,OdÍkag fukau foaYmd,lhkago f,d;/hshla we§u jeks fudfyd;ls' ula ksido h;a" .ekqïlrejkaf.ka uqo,a ,ndf.k ;sfnk jHdmdßlhd ksis wjia:dfõ ksjdi Ndr§ug ne|S isák fyhska läkñka ie,iqï wkqu; lrjd f.k bÈlsÍï ksud l< hq;= ksidh' ta neõ okakd ks,OdÍka oyil=;a fldkafoais mkjk úg ;uka nxfldf,d;a ùu j<lajd .ekSug kï ixf;daiï u`.ska Tjqka i;=gq lsÍug isÿùu iajdNdúlh'

fld<U N+ñh b;d iSñ; iïm;la jk ksid ´kEu bÈlsÍula lsÍfï§ fldkafoais ud,djlg hg;aùug isÿfõ' fï ;=<ska ¥Iss; ks,Odßka Ofkdamdhk ud¾. hla mdodf.k isák w;r fldkafoaisj,ska neyerj bÈlsÍï lrkakg w,a,ia ,nd§fuka mq¨jk' we;eï úg fldkafoais lv fkdl< o w,a,ia fokakg isÿjkafka wkjYH m%udo lsÍï j<ld .kakgh'

i,a,s fydhk ;j;a u`.la - NdKav yd fiajd ñ,§ .ekSu ,shdmÈxÑ iemhqïlrejka iu. we;slr.kakd .súiqï u`.ska NdKav yd fiajd ñ,§ .ekSu fndfyda rdcH wdh;kj, fuka m<d;a md,k wdh;kj, o isÿjk w;r fld<U uy k.r iNdjo ta wkqj lghq;= lrhs' neÆ ne,aug fuh idOkSh ,laIKhla jkafka ta u`.ska l,skal,g ñ, .Kka fjkia jQjo .súiqï .; ñ, ksid isÿjk mdvq wju ùu yd ¥IKhg bvla fkdue;súu ksidh' tfy;a fuh jkdys idmrdë jHdchla yd yqÿ weianekaÿula nj b÷rd mejiSug idlaIs wjYH ;rï jD;a;Sh iñ;s i;=j ;sfí' jd¾Islj mqj;am;a ksfõok m<lr ,shdmÈxÑ flfrk we;eï iemhqïlrejka ,smskhlaj;a ke;s wod< NdKavh fyda fiajdj iemhSug wiu;a fyda ta ms<sn|j fkdokakd msßils' iuyr iemhqïlrejkaf.a rcfha ,shdmÈxÑh jHdchls' we;eïúg Tjqka NdKav fyda fiajd imhkafka w;rueÈfhl= f,i l%shdlrñka fjk;a md¾Yjj,ska ñ,g .ekSfuks' iuyr iemhqïlrejkaf.a jHdmdßl ia:dkh fndaâ ,E,a,lg iSudjQ lv ldurhls' tjeks ;ekaj, úúO jHdmdr olajk fndaâ ,E,s .Kkdjla ;sfí' Tjqkaf.ka hula wjYH kï Tjqka b,a,kafka ld,h muKs' ta w;r fjk;a ;eklska wjYH foa ñ,g f.k iemhSu isÿlrhs' ñ, .Kka úia;r wjYH kï úúO ia:dkj,ska ,ndfok ñ, ±laùï ;ukau ,ndfohs' Tjqka i;=j úúO ,sms YS¾I we;' fï ish,a, okakd kuq;a ¥Is; ks,OdÍka ksy~j isákafka Tjqka ;ukag i<lk ksidh' fï fndfyda iemhqïlrejkaf.ka ,nd.kakd NdKav j, ñ, újD; fj<|fmd,g jvd jeäjk w;r .=Kd;aulNdjh wvqh' mß.Kl jeks äcsg,a WmlrK ksoiqkls' wjidkfha fldaá .Kkl mdvqjla fkd±kSu ord.kakg k.r iNdjg nÿ f.jk ck;djg isÿfõ'

jßmkï fydr mkï iEu m<d;a md,k wdh;khlu nÿ wdodhfï jeo.;a fldgila jkafka jßmkïh' jir mylg jrla ksYap, foam, ;lafiare lr kshu flfrk w.hla u; ld¾;=jlg kshñ; .Kkla jYfhka jßmkï whlrkq ,efí' ;lafiare .dia;=j jeäjk úg f.jkakg isÿjk nÿ uqo, jeäfõ' jir mylg miqj 1(3 la fyda 1(5 la wd§ jYfhka ;lafiare jákdlu jeäùu idudkHfhka isÿfõ' ks,OdÍka lrkafka uq,ska whqla;s iy.; f,i b;d by< jákdlulg lsishï foam,la ;lafiare lsÍuhs' túg f.ùug isÿjk jßmkï uqo, o by< hk neúka foam, ysñhdg isÿjkafka iyk m;d wNshdpkd lsÍughs' wjik iyk ,efnkafka wod< ks,OdÍkag w,a,ia ;E.s fnda. msßkeuQ úghs' mia jirla ;siafia u;= fkdj

wkd.;fha§ o jeä jßmkï uqo,la f.jkakg isÿjkjdg jvd tljr w,a,ila § .e,ùfï iykh foam, ysñhd f;dard.kS'

uka;%Sjrekag iemfok mqyqKq ieis fld<U uyk.r iNdj Wiia uyck fiajdjla Wfoid lemjqKq ld¾hlaIu nj Wfoid uka;%Sjreka o mqyqKq lsÍug lemj isà' ta fjkqfjka mj;ajk mqyqKq ieis b;d iemodhl whqfrka mj;ajkafka uyck ksfhdacs;hka ;Dma; lsÍugh' wju jYfhka jirlg ;=ka j;djlaj;a kqjrt<sh" ó.uqj" lKav,u jeks m%foaYhl iem fydag,hl uka;%Sjreka fjkqfjka mqyqKq ieis meje;afjoa§ 7000 lg wdikak fiajl msßi mqyqKq lsÍu fjkqfjka ksis jevms<sfj,la fkdue;' fiajl mqyqKqjla wjYHkï ta i|yd kj k.r Yd,dj iEfyk w;r n;a meleÜgqjla muKla §u m%udKj;ah' uyck nÿ uqo,ska remsh,a fldaá .Kkla jehfldg isÿlrk fï uka;%S mqyqKqj hkq uka;%Sjrekag úfkdao iqL iïmdokh muKlehs nÿ f.jk ckhd fmkajd fo;s' fiajlhkag úkaokh fyda /lshd ;Dma;sh ;nd wjodkï wjia:djlg uqyqK §u i|yd cSú; wdrlaIl l%ufõohlaj;a fkdue;' b;du wjodkï f,i /lshdj isÿlrk fld<U k.r iNdfõ .,s fiajlhka wkqkaf.a u< iqoaO lrkafka fldg l,siula muKla ye| wdrlaIdj wrlal= ld,lg mjrñks'

;k;=re fokúg isÿjk úis;=re fld<U uy k.r iNdjg ld¾hd, ld¾h iyhl ;k;=f¾ isg my< ;k;=re i|yd fiajl msßia n|jd .kakdúg kshñ; mßÈ mqj;am;a ±kaùï m<lr th isÿlrkq ,nk nj m%lgh' kuq;a isÿjkafka wfklls' mqj;am;a ±kaùu wkqj whÿïlrejka bÈßm;ajQjo n|jd.kafka uka;%Sjrekaf.a ,ehsia;=jla m%ldrjh' tys§o ;k;=re uqo,g úlsKSu isÿjk w;r jdish uka;%Sjreka yd ks,OdÍka fnod.kS' ÿmam;a uka;%Sjre ;u fldagdj f.äh msáka fmdfydi;a uka;%Sjrekag úl=Kk wjia:d o fld<U we;' fuys§ n|jd.kakd we;eï kqiqÿiaika iaÒr lrkakg hdfï§ wfkalúO .eg¨ u;=fõ' túg fndre ishhla f.d;kakg isÿjkafka jxpdj jid .ekSugh' 2012 w. yd 2013 uq, k.r iNdfõ ,smsf.dkq 123la fnd/,a, lk;af;a§ by< wjirh we;sj mq¨iaid oukakg ysgmq kd.ßl flduidßiajßh l%shd lf<a ta jk úg ksismßÈ iqÿiqlï fkdue;sj n|jd.;a wdrlaIl yd .sksNghska ms<sn| m%Yak u;=j ;snQ fyhsks' fufia n|jd.;a we;uqka m%isoaêfha m%ldY lf<a ;uka uqo,g m;aùï ,nd.;a njhs' ,smsf.dkq ms,siafikúg tys .sh ¥IK úfrdaê uka;%Sjreka lsysmfofkl= l< úu¾Ykfha§ ÿgqfõ mq¨iaikafka wjir .;a f.dkq fkdj ta jkúg;a úu¾Ykhla isÿfjñka ;snQ n|jd.ekSïj,g wod< f.dkq njhs' fï nrm;< jxpdj wkdjrKh lr.;a miqj fiajlhskaf.ka ke`. wd úfrdaOh yuqfõ flduidßiajßh isÿlf<a fld<U k.r iNdfõ 12000l fiajl ldvrh 6000 lg wvqlsÍuhs' fuu ,smsf.dkq ms,siaiSu .ek jD;a;sh iñ;s j, b,a,Su u;

k.r iNdfõ wNHka;r ú.Kk wxYh" ú.Kldêm;s fomd¾;fïka;=j iy rdcH f,aLkdrlaIl fomd¾;fïka;=j o wd§ jYfhka mÍlaIK 04la isÿ flreKo ta tll fyda m%;sM, fï olajd ksl=;aùu j<lajkakg ;rï ¥Is;fhda n,.;=h' foaYmd,k n,mEï u; k.r iNdfõ lïlrejka f,i n|jd.kakd Woúh úfYaIfhka l;=ka we;eïúg kd.ßl uka;%Sjrekaf.a ÈhKshka o miqj tlaflfrkqfha ld¾hd, fiajhghs' th l<ukdlrK iyldr fiajh yd wfkl=;a ld¾hd, fiajd fY%aKSka iu. .egqï we;slrk ;;a;ajhls' fld<U k.r iNdfjys ßhÿrka ish.Kkla w;rg fkdfndaod ;j;a ßhÿrka mKylg wêl ixLHdjla kj m;aùï ,en tlajQy' fï ish¨ fokd ieye,a¨ jdyk ßhÿrka ùu mqÿuhg lreKla jkafka fld<U k.r iNdj i;=j ish .Kkl nr jdyk ixÑ;hla ;sìh§h' Bg fya;=j nrjdyk yeisrùfï ld¾hh fldka;%d;a l%uhg isÿ l< yelsùu iy ta u`.ska ¥Is;j uqo,a bmhSug yelsùuh' bxcsfkarejka ish .Kkla isák fld<U k.r iNdfõ uqøKd,fha ish¨ hka;% ls%hd;aul l< úg mekakqï iaúph úikaê fõ' jdhqiólrK oukafka kï l%shdlrúh yels jkafka hka;% folla muKs' iuyr ;k;=rej,g iqÿiaika n|jd.ekSu isÿfkdfjk ksid o .eg¨ u;=jkafka fiajlhkagh' jev mÍlaIljrhdf.a weKjqfuka jy,h w¨;ajeähd lrkakg .sh fiajlfhl= bka weojeà ;=jd, ,enQ miq n,OdÍka i|yka lf<a jy,fha ke`.Su Tyqf.a rdcldßhla fkdjk ksid jkaÈ f.úh fkdyels njhs' fjk;a m<d;a md,k wdh;kj, ;;a;ajh flfia jqjo m;aùï §fï§ yd Wiiaùï l%shdj,sfha§ ,sx.sl w,a,ig o iqúfYaI jákdlula fld<U§ ,efnk nj fmkajdfok msrsig wkqj —fhdakshg fY%aKsh˜ hkak Tjqkaf.a k.r iNdfõ m%lg lshukls'

ysi jekqjdg ,CI ye;a;Ejhs fld<U k.r iNdfõ we;eï fiajdjka fldka;%d;a .kakd jHdmdßlhka tajd Wm fldka;%d;a fok wjia:d o fõ' w;S;fha fjk;a wdh;kj, uqøK wjYH;d o iemsrE uqøKd,fha ;;a;ajh lK.dgqodhlh' fld<U m%isoaO rx. Yd,d yd fjk;a jeo.;a f.dvke.s,s ish fiajlhka fhdojd w¨;ajeähd l< k.r iNdj wo tu ld¾hhka mqoa.,sl wxYhg jeä uqo,la f.jd ks,OdÍkao" foaYmd,k{hska o uqo,a Wmhd .ksñka isÿlrhs' tla wjia:djl remsh,a ,laI 5000 l fgkavrhla ±uQ mqoa.,fhl= miqj b,lalula jeäfhka i|yka jQfha hehs mjiñka ñ, ±laùu remsh,a ,laI 500 olajd wvq l< miqjo Tyqgu fgkavrh m%odkh flreKs' k.r iNdfõ ¥IK úfrdaë md¾Yjj,g wkqj wdKavq mlaI úmlaI ish¨ foaYmd,k{hka mdfya mlaI fNaohlska f;drj fujeks ld¾hkays§ tlaj isákafka jdis fnod.ekSugh' fgkav¾ lñgqjlg iyNd.S ùu hkq mrïmrdjla f.dv od .ekSula nj we;eï uka;%Sjrekaf.a u;hhs' fgkav¾ lñgqjl§ woyia fkdolajd ysi jkñka isàfuka jqj ,laI 70la Wmhd.;a uka;%Sjre isá;s' fgkav¾

újD; lrk isl=rdod Èkg fmrod b,a¨ïlrejkaf.a ,ehsia;= ms<sfh, lrñka isáh§ meñfKk uka;%Sjre ñ, .Kka n,d igyka lr .ekSu isß;ls' bkamiq b,a¨ïlrejka uqK.efik fyda Tjqka wu;k uka;%Sjre ;ukag wjYH uqo, ,ndfokafka kï lñgqfõ§ fgkavrh wkqu; lsÍug iyh fok nj mji;s' fgkav¾ we.hSï lñgq wka; ¥Is; njg lÈu ksoiqkla kï remsh,a ñ,shk 680 lg jir folla l%shd;aul jQ fgkavrhl ó<Õ jákdlu remsh,a ñ,shk 1462 olajd ñ,shk 782lska tlajru jeäùuhs' fï uyd ¥IK id.rhl tla ì|la muKla fjoa§ Èjhsk mqrdu m<d;amd,k wdh;k úúO wkaoñka th w;ayod n,ñka ;sfí' iS;, kqjrt<sfha uyk.r iNdj we;eï fiajlhskag fok ks, ksjdi ixpdrlhkag l=,shg fok Tjqyq mÈxÑj isákafka ;ukaf.au ksfjiaj,h' ks,ksjdih w¨;a jeähd lsÍug yd msßhï lsÍug fok isfuka;s " ;Ska; wdÈho Tjqka fhdojkafka ;u mqoa.,sl ksjdij,gh' miq.sh iufha kqjrt<sh uyk.r iNdfõ we;eï mqrm;sjreka yd kd.ßl flduidßia jreka o" ;j;a ks,Odßka o wh:d f,i ysñlr.;a jákd fukau ixpdrl wdl¾Ykh iys; ia:dkj, bvlvïj,g wod< úia;r f.dkq wo o w;=reokah' we;eï kd.ßl flduidßiajreka fiajfhka kslau f.dia we;af;a tu f.dkq o /f.kh' kqjrt<sh uy k.riNdfõ ysgmq kd.ßl flduidßia tia' nd,iqn%ukshï uy;d 2002'12'18 Èke;sj kd.ßl .Kldêldßjrhdg ,smshla fhduqlr ;sfí' tys i|yka jkafka tÈk fomd¾;fïka;= m%OdkSkaf.a idlÉPdfõÈ u;=jQ kd.ßl úfõl ksfla;khg wod< mekhlg ms<s;=re §u i|yd wjYH ,smsf.dkq 02la yd mejreï ksfhda. f.dkqj ,ndÈh fkdyels njhs' fya;=j ;ukag fmr isá kd.ßl flduidßiajrhd tajd Ndr § fkd;sîuh' nd,iqn%ukshï uy;d .Kldêldßjrhdf.ka b,a,d isákafka ;uka imhk fjk;a f.dkqjlska úia;r ,nd.ekSug W;aidy .kakd f,i iy tu kj f.dkqj iqrlaIs;j ;nd .ekSug mshjr .kakd f,ihs' wjidk b,a,Su isÿlrkakg Tyq fm<fUkafka fld<U k.r iNdj fnd/,a, lk;af;a§ isÿl<dla fuka ,smsf.dkq tf,dj hjkakg wjYH msßia kqjrt<sfh;a isá ksidh' ±ka jir 14la bl=;aj we;;a nd,iqn%ukshï uy;df.a mQ¾j flduidßiajrhd ;ju fmr lS f.dkq Ndr § fkdue;' h<s isysm;a lruq' mqrjeishdf.a Wmf;a isg urKh f;la wdOdrlhla úh hq;af;a m<d;a md,k wdh;khhs' tfy;a fï isoaê wOHhkfhka fmfkkqfha Tfí m<d;a md,k wdh;kh o lKqù .| .ik ;;ajhl ;sìh yels njhs' wjik wysñ jkafka Tfí fmdÿ uqo,ah' m<d;a md,kfha we;a;kag o wms fufia lshuq' wm i| fmkajk úg wfma weÕs,a, foi fkdn,d i| foiu n,kak' idlaIs we;;a fy<sorõ fkdlrkafka uQ,dY%hka yd tlÕ jQ fmdfrdkaÿ /lSugh'

fmdÿ u`.S m%jdyk fiajh: fï hkafka fldhs mdf¾@ ,ika; reyqKf.a fmdÿ u.S m%jdyk fiajfhys fiajd ,dNSyq fukau tu fiajd iïmdol wdh;khkays fiajl fiaúldfjda o tl fia ÿla ueiú,s k`.ñka isá;s' Bg fya;=j fuu fiajfhys fkdlvjd isÿ jk mßydkshhs' tu mßydkshg n,md we;s fya;= /ila ;sìh yels kuq;a m%Odk fya;=j jkafka ¥IKh nj fuu ,smsfhka meyeÈ,s flf¾'

ye|skaùu Y%S ,xldfõ wo ojfia l%shd;aul fmdÿ u.S m%jdykh .ek m%idofhka l;dny lrk lsisfjl= y÷kd.ekSu W.ygh' tlS fmdÿ u.S m%jdykh Ndú;d lrk fmdÿ uyck;dj fukau th Ndú;d fkdlrk uyckhd ;=< mjd we;af;a ta ms<sn| wm%idohls' Bg fya;= /ils' wld¾hCIu nj bka m%Odkh' n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk fiajh fkd,eîu" ÿIAlr nj Bg wE÷Kq wfkl=;a fya;= w;r fõ' tfukau tlS fmdÿ u.S m%jdyk fiajdj imhk wdh;khkays fiajlhka ;=< o ta ms<sn| we;af;a m%idohla fkdj wm%idohls' cSj;ajkakg m%udKj;a jegqmla fkd,eîu" wfkl=;a myiqlï fkd,eîu" jHjia:dms; ysñlï fkd,eîu yd /lshdfõ iaÒr njla fkdùu ta w;ßka m%Odkh' tfia jQjo fuu fmdÿ u.S m%jdyk fiajdfõ iaj¾Kuh hq.h miq.sh oYl lsysmhlg fmr ;snQ njg jQ m%idohka th Ndú;d lrk fmdÿ uyck;djf.ka yd tajdys fiajh lrk fiajl msßif.ka o wikakg ,efí' mßydkshg m;aù we;s njg wo wmg wikakg olskakg ,efnkafka tjka fmdÿ u.S m%jdyk fiajdjls' fufia Y%S ,xldfõ fmdÿ u.S m%jdykh mßydkshg ,laùug fya;= l=ula±hs wm úuid neÆ úg wikakg olskakg ,efnk m%Odk ldrKh jkafka ¥IKhhs' tlS ¥IKh hg;g jxpd" fidrlï" ksis l<uKdlrKh fkdue;s ùu" mßmd,kh ì| jeàu" foaYmd,k we`.s,s .eiSï yd foaYmd,k n,mEï wdÈh we;=<;a l< yels nj fmfka' nia r: u`.ska isÿ lrk ud¾. m%jdykh Y%S ,x.uh fyj;a Y%S ,xld .ukd .uk uKav,h úiska yd fm!oa.,sl wxYh fyj;a fm!oa.,sl nia r: ysñhka úiska isÿlrk whqre y÷kd.; yelsh' ÿïßfhka isÿlrk ud¾. m%jdykh Y%S ,xld ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska isÿ lrkq ,nhs' Y%S ,xldfõ fmdÿ u.S m%jdykfha ¥IKh fyj;a ÿießhg wod< ldrKfhaoS wm rdcH wxYh fyj;a rch úiska fufyhjkq ,nk fmdÿ u.S m%jdykh ms<sn| muKla wjOdkh fhduq lrk w;r fm!oa.,sl nia r: l¾udka;h ms<sn|j fuu ,smsh u`.ska wjOdkh lrkq fkd,nhs' rchg wh;a fmdÿ u.S m%jdykfha wdh;k fol fyj;a Y%S ,xld .ukd .uk uKav,h yd Y%S ,xld ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j m%jdyk wud;HxYh hgf;a mj;sk rdcH wdh;khla yd rdcH fomd¾;fïka;=jla jYfhka mj;S' Y%S ,xldfõ fmdÿ u.S m%jdykh fiajfha m<uq wd.uklhd njg m;a ù we;af;a Y%S ,xld ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j fyj;a ÿïßh fiajdj jk w;r ÿïßh fiajdj rfÜ wdrïN ù we;af;a j¾I 1858 fyj;a óg jir 150lg fmrh' Y%S ,xldj hg;a úcs;hla njg m;a lrf.k isá ì%;dkHhka úiska rfÜ uOHu l÷lrfha

j.d lrk ,o fldams wiajekak fld<U jrdh lrd /f.k tau fld<U isg kqjr olajd bÈ jQ m<uq ÿïßh ud¾.fha wruqK ù we;s w;r t;eka isg ud;f,a olajd" nÿ,a, olajd;a bÈjQ ÿïßh ud¾. È.= lsÍïj, wruqK ù we;af;a o hg;a úcs; md,lhka úiska uOHu l÷lrfha j.d lrk ,o f;a we;=`M wfkl=;a j.djkaf.a wiajekak fld<Ug f.k tauh' bka miq bÈ jQ wfkl=;a ÿïßh ud¾.hla jQ W;=re ÿïßh ud¾.h" fjr<nv ÿïßh ud¾.h" kef.kysr ÿïßh ud¾.h" le,Ksje,s ÿïßh ud¾.h" wdÈ wfkl=;a ÿïßh ud¾. bÈlsÍfï uqLH wruqK ù we;af;a tu m%foaYj, rn¾ fmd,a we;=`M øjHhkaf.a wiajekak;a wfkl=;a NdKav;a fld<Ug /f.k tauhs' fï wdldrhg NdKav m%jdykh i|yd bÈlrk ,o ¥ïßh fiajh u.S m%jdyk fiajdjla njg mßj¾;kh ù we;af;a ld,dkqrEmjh' tfia jQjo Y%S ,xldfõ nia r: l¾udka;h wdrïN ù we;af;a u u.S m%jdykh i`oyduh' furg m%:u nia r:h Odjkh ù we;af;a 1907 j¾Ifha§h' bkamiq Y%S ,xldfõ nia u.S m%jdykh fm!oa.,sl nia r: iud.ïj, l¾udka;hla jYfhka j¾Okh ù bÈßhg meñK we;s w;r tia'ví'wd¾'ã' nKavdrkdhl wdKavq iufha § tlS fm!oa.,sl niar: iud.ï cki;= fyj;a rchg mjrd .ekSu fya;=fjka 1958 ckjdß 01 od isg u.S m%jdyk nia r: l¾udka;h ;kslru rch i;= taldêldßhla njg m;aj we;' tys m%;sM,hla f,i ,x.uh fyj;a ,xld .ukd .uk uKav,h msysgqjd we;s w;r u.S m%jdyk nia r: l¾udka;h tu`.ska fufyhjd we;' 1977 j¾Ifha§ n,hg m;a fÊ'wd¾' chj¾Ok wdKavqfõ ;SrKhla mßÈ 1979 j¾Ifha§ u.S m%jdyk nia r: l¾udka;h i|yd we;=<;aùfï wjia:djg fm!oa.,sl wxYhg kej; ,nd§ w;r wo jk úg u.S m%jdyk nia r: l¾udka;fha jeä mx.=j ysñlr f.k isákafka fm!oa.,sl niar: l¾udka;hhs'

Y%S ,xld .ukd .uk uKav,h Y%S ,xldfõ fmdÿ u.S m%jdyk fiajd iemhQ fm!oa.,sl nia r: l¾udka;h cki;= lsÍu yryd 1958 ckjdß 01 jeksod ,xld .ukd .uk uKav,h f,i wdrïN jQ th niar: m%jdykfha ±rE 100] taldêldß;ajh wfydais lr.kq ,nkafka Bg jir úiaila iemsÍu wjika jkjd;a iu. 1979 j¾Ifha§ fm!oa.,sl nia r: l¾udka;hg bv§u;a iu`.h' bkamiq m%;sjHqy.;lrKhka lsysmhlg ,lajk ,x.u ck;d ika;l nia iud.u j¾;udkh jk úg ,xld .ukd .uk uKav,h njg o m;ajkafka ;j;a jir 35l ld,hla f.jd ouñkah' wo jk úg Y%S ,xld .ukd .uk uKav,fha ;;a;ajh jkafka Odjkh l< yels nia r: 5500l ysñlrefjla ùu u`.ska iuia; niar: u.S m%jdykfha 20];a 25];a w;r ysñlrefjla ùu muKh' tu ysñldß;ajh i|yd o< jYfhka 36700l fiajl msßila Y%S ,x.uhg kv;a;= lsÍug isÿ ù we;s w;r th i;= nia r: ixLHdfjka tu fiajl ixLHdj fn¥ úg o< jYfhka tla nia r:hlska fiajlhka 7 fofkl= kv;a;= lsÍfï ;;a;ajhg m;a ù we;'

o< jYfhka tu fiajl msßi w;r isák ßhÿrka ixLHdj 10500la jk w;r fldkafodia;rjre ixLHdj 10400ls' ld¾ñlhka .Kk 6200la jk úg wfkl=;a fiajlhka msßi 9750la muK fõ' fuu wêl fiajl msßi kv;a;= lsÍu Y%S ,x.uhg Tjqkaf.a wdodhfuka isÿ lsÍug fkdyels ù we;s w;r fiajl jegqma f.jd Y%S ,x.u mj;ajd f.k hdu i|yd NdKavd.drh úiska udislj remsh,a oi ,laI 1350l uqo,la f.ùu olajd tys ienE ;;a;ajh fidapkSh ù we;' tu ksidu tu wêl fiajl msßi wvq lr .ekSu i|yd jkaÈ f.jd iafjÉPdfjka úY%du hEfï fhdackdjla tys fiajlhkag fhduqlr ;sfí' ta i|yd oi oiyilg wdikak fiajl msßila m%;spdr olajd we;ehs Y%S ,x.u jD;a;Sh iñ;s l%shdldÍyQ mji;s' óg wu;rj ±kg ta fiajfha ksr; jQjka fjkqfjka f.úh hq;= remsh,a ñ,shk 10700l fiajl w¾:idOl wruqo,a j.lSula o Y%S ,x.uhg b;sß ù we;' fufia ùu i|yd m%Odk jYfhkau fya;= ù we;af;a jxpd" ¥IKh" ksis l<uKdldß;ajhla fkdue;slu iy foaYmd,k n,mEïh' wo Y%S ,x.u fiajl ixLHdj 36700 olajd jeä ù thg ord .; fkdyels ;rug jeä ù we;af;a foaYmd,k n,mEï fya;=fjks' miq.sh iufha n,hg m;a jQ iEu wdKavqjlau Y%S ,x.uh ;u foaYmd,k wdOdrlrejka fiajlhka f,i wkqhqla; lsÍu Bg fya;=jhs' tjeks je/È fiajl n|jd .ekSï keje;aùug fyda wju lsßug fkdyels ù we;af;a fjklla ksid fkdj th by< l<uKdldß;ajfha isg m%dfoaYSh äfmda l<uKdldß;ajh olajdu foaYmd,k ys;j;=kaf.ka iukaú; ùu ksidh' tys wdikaku WodyrKh jkafka miq.sh wdKavq iufha§ l=udr fj,a.u m%jdyk wud;HOQr ork ld,fha§ Y%S ,x.u iNdm;sjrhd f,i Tyqf.a {d;s fidfydhqre YIs fj,a.u m;a lsÍuh' ta wdldrhg Y%S ,x.u wOHCI uKav,h m;a lsÍu o wfkl=;a by< ks,Odßka m;a lsÍu o fuf,i foaYmd,k ys;j;alu u; m;a lsÍu je<elaúh fkdyels ù we;' ta wkqj úIh ms<sn| m<mqreoao we;s yd ±kqu we;s whf.ka iukaú; by< l<uKdldß;ajhla Y%S ,x.u fj;ska wmg ±l.kakg ,eî ke;' tfukau tu by< l<uKdldß;ajfha iqÿiq nj mQ¾jdo¾Yhg .ksñka fndfyda úg m%dfoaYSh äfmdays l<uKdldß;ajh o ysñ ù we;af;a n,hg m;a jk ta ta wdKavqj, foaYmd,k l%shdldÍkagh' ke;fyd;a tlS wdKavqjg iïnkaO jD;a;Sh iñ;sfha l%shdldÍkagh' by; i|yka l< ;;a;ajhkays tl;=jla f,i Y%S ,x.uhg fuu ;;a;ajh Wodùug m%Odk fya;=jla f,i y÷kd.; yelafla jxpd ¥IKhkah' Bg we;s miq.sh wdKavq iuhg wh;a uyd mßudK jxpd ¥IK f,i y÷kd.; yelafla Y%S ,x.u i|yd niar: wu;r fldgia f.kaùu i|yd we;s lr.;a .kqfokqj Y%S ,x.u i|yd niar: 2000la ñ,§ .ekSu i|yd we;s lr.;a .kqfokqj Y%S ,x.u i|yd ÿkqfld< iemhSu fjkqfjka we;s lr.;a tl`.;djh fjkqfjka f.jd we;s w;a;sldrï uqo,a iy .kqfokqh' fïjdhska wu;r fldgia .kqfokqj ms<sn|j fmd,sia wmrdO fldÜGdih úiska mÍCIKhla wdrïN lr ±kgu;a wêlrKhg lreKq jd¾;d lr we;' tfiau niar: 200la ñ, § .ekSfï isoaêh iïnkaOfhka md¾,sfïka;= uka;%S rkacka

rdukdhl w,a,ia fyda ¥IK fpdaokd úu¾Yk fldñiug meñKs,a,la bÈßm;a lr we;' ÿkqfld< ,nd .ekSu i|yd w;a;sldrï f.ùu iïnkaOfhka Y%S ,x.u j;auka md,kdêldßh kS;suh l%shdud¾. .eùug ±kgu;a mshjr f.k we;' fujeks jxpd ¥IKhka fkdjkafka kï iy foaYmd,k w;fmùï yd n,mEï fkdjkafka kï Y%S ,x.u ;;a;ajh wog jvd hym;a jkq we;sh hkak neyer l< fkdyelsh' thska Y%S ,x.ug isÿjk mdvqj fyda w,dNh wksjd¾fhkau wvqlr .; yels jkq we;' óg;a jvd ld¾hCIu niar: fiajdjla u.S ckhdg ,nd §ug yelsjkq we;' tu`.ska tys M,odhs;ajh by< kexùug yels jkq we;' tfy;a wo isÿ ù we;af;a l=ulao@ tla me;a;lska Y%S ,x.u Èfkka Èk w,dN ,eîug;a NdKavd.drh úiska th wju jYfhka mj;ajdf.k hEu i|yd udislj remsh,a oi ,laI 1350 ne.ska m%;smdok ie,eiaùu;ah' wfk;a w;ska NdKavd.drh úiska udislj f.jkq ,nk fmdÿ uyck uqo,ska ksis fiajdjla fyda fmdÿ u.S ckhdg fkd,eî hdu nrm;, .eg¨jls' Bg Èh yels fyd|u WodyrKh jkafka w,dNodhs ud¾.j, .ukd.ukh ÿIalr ud¾.j, .ukd .ukh yd rd;%S nia r: fiajd jeks fiajd wo jk úg l%u l%ufhka Y%S ,x.u úiska w;ayßñka fyda w;yer ;sîuhs' ta ksidu fmdÿ u.S ckhdf.a m%jdyk wjYH;djh fjkqfjka fiajd iemhSu fjkqfjka NdKavd.drfhka m%;smdok iemhSu yd ldrKh o Y%S ,x.u i|yd wog j,x.= ke;' fuu ;;a;ajh u; Y%S ,x.u nia r: l¾udka;h fyj;a rcfha niar: l¾udka;h ms<sn| w¨;ska is;sh hq;= nj újdohla ke;' mdi,a niar: fiajdj w;S;fha§ Y%S ,x.u úiska iemhQ ;j;a tla fiajdjla úh' wo jk úg ^jEkar:" ;%Sú,a" ld¾ yd h;=remeÈj,ska tu wjYH;djhka imqrd .ekSu ksid& niar: u`.ska mdi,a hk <uqka m%udKh b;d iSñ; ù ;sìh§ mjd tu iSñ; wjYH;djhka imqrd,Sug yelshdjla Y%S ,x.uhg ke;' zisiq ießhZ kï jQ mdi,a niar: fiajdfõ jeä ÿr odhl;ajhla o orkq ,nkafka fm!oa.,sl niar: l¾udka;h úiskah'

úi`ÿï ljf¾o@ ish w,dNh wvq lr .ekSu i|yd;a" M,odhs;djh jeä lr .ekSu i|yd;a Y%S ,x.ug l< yelafla l=ulao@ tys m<uq mshjr úh hq;af;a Y%S ,x.u by< l<uKdldß;ajfha isg äfmda l<uKdldß;ajh olajdu iqÿiqlï iys; m<mqreÿ l<uKdldß;ajhla m;a lr .ekSuh' fiajl n|jd .ekSï" ñ,§ .ekSï" we;eï lghq;=j,g foaYmd,k we`.s,s .eiSï k;r lsÍuh' oekg fhdackd lr we;s mßÈ iafjÉPd úY%du l%uh hgf;a fyda w;sßla; fiajl msßi bj;a lr w;HjYH fiajl msßi r|jd .ksñka Tjqkaf.ka Wmßu odhl;ajhla ,nd .ekSuh' w¨;a jeähdlr Odjkh l< yels uÜgfï we;s niar: w¨;ajeähd lr Odjkhg fhdojd ish wdodhu jeälr .ekSuh' w¨;ajeähd l< fkdyels niar:" niar: f,i fyda Wmdx. f,i fyda hlv f,i fyda úl=Kd tajdhska uQ,Huh m%fhdackhla ,nd .ekSuh' rgmqrd úisß we;s we;s Y%S ,x.u äfmda 105 lg wh;a 19

w;sßla; N+ñh M,odhs f,i m%fhdackhg .kakd jevms<sfj<la ilia lsÍuh' tlS m%dfoaYSh äfmdaj, we;s niar: w¨;a jeähd lsÍfï wx.k yd ld¾ñlhka Y%S ,x.u fkdjk fm!oa.,sl niar: w¨;ajeähd lsÍu i|yd fhdod.ksñka Y%S ,x.uh i|yd kj wdodhï ud¾. Wmhd .ekSfï úl,am l%ufõo ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq lsÍuh'

Y%S ,x.uh i|yd wu;r fldgia f.kaùfï ¥Is; .kqfokqj miq.sh wdKavqj iufha tkï 2011 j¾Ifha§ Y%S ,xld .ukd.uk uKav,h iòyd w¨;a l%ufõohla y`ÿkajd § we;s w;r ta wkqj tf;la wu;r fldgia ,nd .ekSu iòyd wkq.ukh l< ,shdmÈxÑ foaYSh yd úfoaYSh iemhqïlrejkaf.ka ñ, .Kka leòùu wfydais lr ;sfí' ta fjkqjg isÿ lr we;af;a Y%S,x.u iòyd m;a lrk ,o m%iïmdok lñgqjla úiska wu;r fldgia ñ,§ .ekSug fgkavr leòùuh' tu fgkav¾ leòùfï§ Y%S ,x.u niar:j,g wod< gdgd wfYdala ,,kaâ hk bka§h iud.ïj,g wkqnoaê; iud.ï bÈßm;a jqjo ta lsisfjl=g tys§ wu;r fldgia iemhSug wjia:dj ysñ ù ke;' tlS wjia:dj ysñ ù we;af;a bkaÈhdfõ iaá,a bïmelaia wekaâ bkaviaà%ia keue;s iud.ulgh' ta wkqj miqj isÿù we;af;a tu wu;r fldgia iemhSu iòyd iaà,a bïfmlaia wekaâ bkaviaà%ia ,xld fm!oa.,sl iud.u hkqfjka ;j;a iud.ula ia:dms; lsÍuh' ia:dms; fuu kj iud.u Y%S,x.u fjkqfjka wu;r fldgia f.kaùu isÿ lr we;' fuu iud.ug tl, msysá Y%S ,x.u äfmdafõ ld¾hd, yd .nvd myiqlï ,nd § we;s w;r wod< iud.u ish iud.ï ,shdmÈxÑfha§ ld¾hd, ,smskh f,i Ndú;d lr we;af;a o tl, Y%S ,x.u äfmdajg wh;a wxl 73$2 orK ,smskfhah' fuu iud.u Y%S ,xldjg tu iud.fï kñka lsisÿ wu;r fldgila f.kajd ke;s w;r ish¨ wu;r fldgia f.kajd we;af;a Y%S,x.u kñkah' ta ksidu tu wu;r fldgia iòyd f¾.=fõ § nÿ wh lsÍula isÿù ke;' tfia jqjo wdh;ksl wu;r fldgia Y%S,x.u fjkqfjka uqod yeÍu iaà,a bïfmlaia ,xld iud.u úiska isÿ lr we;s w;r tu wu;r fldgia tl, .nvdfõ ;ekam;a lr we;' fufia Y%S,x.ug wu;r fldgia ,nd .ekSu iòyd f;dard.;a bka§h iud.ug niar: wu;r fldgia iemhSu fjkqfjka lsisÿ m<mqreoaola fyda wu;r fldgia ksIamdÈ; uõ iud.ï iu. lsisÿ iïnkaOhla ;sî ke;' tfiau tu wu;r fldgia .kqfokqj iòyd foaYSh jYfhka we;s lr .kakd ,o iaà,a bïfmlaia ,xld iud.fï ,shdmÈxÑ ysñlre jYfhka fld<U mxÑldj;af;a wu;r fldgia fj<òdfï kshq;= nkaÿ, fÜ%äka tkag¾m%hsiiays wêm;s wcs;a nkaÿ,fiak keue;a;d lghq;= lr we;'

fuu wu;r fldgia .kqfokqj iel iys; njg Y%S ,xld f¾.=jg ±k .kakg ,eî we;s w;r ta wkqj isÿ lrk ,o mÍlaIKfha§ fy<sù we;af;a bkaoshdfjka f.kajkafka hehs lshkq ,nk tu wu;r fldgia ;;a;ajfhka nd, nj;a iuyr wu;r fldgia nÿ f.jd wdkhkh lr foaYSh fj<òfmdf<a úlsKSug we;s wu;r fldgia ñ,g jvd ñ, wêl nj;a" Y%S ,x.uh iòyd wekjqï lr ke;s yd Y%S ,x.uhg wkjYH wu;r fldgia o wdkhkh lr fyda wdkhkh lsÍug W;aidy lr we;s nj;ah' tfukau bkaÈhdfjka kshu wu;r fldgia imhkjd hehs lshQ iaá,a bïfmlaia iud.u foaYSh fj<òfmdf<ka o wu;r fldgia ñ,§ f.k Y%S ,x.uhg imhd we;s njh' ;jo iaá,a bïfmlaia iud.u fjkqjg bkaÈhdfõ fla'ã' tlaiafmda¾Üia" fla'fla'bkagkeIk,a iy isx. mamQrefõ ifkda,d hk iud.ï fuu wu;r fldgia iòyd Y%S ,x.uh fj; ñ, .Kka iòyka bkafjdhsia bÈßm;a lr we;s njhs' fuu f¾.= mÍlaIKfha§ iaá,a bïfmlaia ,xld iud.fï cd we< tal, msysá ld¾hd,fha .KldêldÍjrhd f,i fiajh l< ksYdka; Y%S j¾Okf.a ,emafgdma^nkaÿ, fÜ%äka iud.fï .KldêldÍjhd f,i fiajh lr we;af;a o Tyqh'& mß.Klh mÍlaId lsÍfñ § lreKq .Kkdjla fy<sorõ ù we;' ta wkqj iEu wu;r fldgia .kqfokqjl§u wdikak jYfhka ishhg 30l fldñia uqo,la fjka flÍ we;s w;r bka ishhg 7l fldñia uqo,la .re weu;s;=ud hkqfjka o wud;H f,alï hkqfjka ishhg 2l fldñia uqo,la o Y%S ,x.u iNdm;s hkqfjka ishhg 2l fldñia uqo,la o fjka flÍ ;sî we;'

fuu .kqfokqj isÿ jk wjêfha Y%S ,x.u Ndr m%jdyk weu;sjrhd jYfhka l=udr fj,a.u uy;d lghq;= lrkq ,enQ w;r Tyqf.a f,alï fyj;a fm!oa.,sl f,alï f,i lghq;= lrkq ,enqfõ Tyqf.a {d;s ke.Ksh jk m%§msld fj,a.uh' tfukau Y%S ,x.u iNdm;sjrhd jYfhka lghq;= lf<a Tyqf.a {d;s mq;%fhl= jk YIS fj,a.uh' fuu wu;r fldgia .kqfokqfõ § 2011'06'09 Èk isg 2014'02'26 jk Èk olajd muKla weußldkq fvd,¾ 8" 552"851'26 la fyj;a remsh,a ñ,shk 1200 l muK wu;r fldgia Y%S,x.uhg imhd we;s w;r 2011'07'05 isg 2012'02'09 Èk olajd muKla weußldkq fvd,¾ 1"348"354'90la fyj;a remsh,a ñ,shk 190l muK gh¾ Y%S ,x.uhg imhd we;' Bg wu;rj foaYSh jYfhka ñ,§ f.k remsh,a ñ,shk 183l wu;r fldgia m%udKhla Y%S ,x.uhg imhd we;' fuu .kqfokqj 2015 ckjdß 08 jeksod wdKavq udrej isÿ jk f;lau isÿjkakg we;s w;r ta ms<n`o f;dr;=re ;ju fy<s ù ke;s w;r ta wkqj tlS wu;r fldgia .kqfokqfõ uq`M uqo, by; i`oyka uqo, fuka lsysm .=Khla úYd, úh yelsh'

,enqKq meñKs,a,la wkqj fuu wu;r fldgia .kqfokqj ms<snòj t*a'iS'whs'ã fyj;a fmd,sia uQ,H wmrdO fldÜGdYh mÍlaIKhla wdrïN lrk w;r ta iïnkaOfhka fld<U ufyaia;%d;a wêlrKhg B$43481$3$15 hgf;a lreKq jd¾;d lr we;' ta wkqj wod< .kqfokqfõ úu¾Yk iòyd wêlrKfhka wjir ,nd .kakd t*a'iS'whs'ã' 2016 fmnrjdß 02 Èk m%ldYhla ,nd§ug meñfKk f,i ysgmq wud;H l=udr fj,a.ug ±kqï § we;' u;=.u fmd,siash u`.ska isÿ lrk ,o tu ±kqï §u ysgmq wud;Hjrhdf.a ksji úiska Ndr f.k ke;s w;r miqj tu ±kqï §u wêlrKfha wjirh u; m%foaYfha .%du ks,OdÍjrhd u`.ska ysgmq wud;Hjrhdf.a ksjfia f.aÜgqfõ we,ùug fmd,sishg isÿù we;' tys m%;sM,hla jYfhka ysgmq wud;H l=udr fj,a.u uy;d uQ,sl whs;sjdislï fm;aiula fY%aIaGdêlrKhg bÈßm;a lrk w;r 2016 ckjdß 27 Èk th i,ld n,k fYa%IaGdêlrKh kej; i,ld ne,Su iòyd ud¾;= 16 Èkg l,a ;nkafkah' tlS uQ,sl whs;sjdislï fm;aifuka ysgmq wud;Hjrhd b,a,d ;snqfKa t*a'iS'whs'ãh úiska Tyqj w;a wvx.=jg iQodkula mj;sk neúka th j<lajk f,ih' fuu t*a'iS'whs'ã mÍlaIK ;ju wjika ù ke;'

fldfyduo ikSfma'''@ fi!LH fCIa;%fha ¥IK yd tajd ue`v,Sfï wNsfhda. chisß chfialr

j;auka ckdêm;sjrhdg wkqj fi!LH wud;HdxYh fï rfÜ ¥Is;u wud;HdxYhls' kj T!IO mk; y`ÿkajd §fuka miq tu ;;a;ajh fjkia jkq we;ehs Tyq im: lf<ah' tfia lS T!IO mk; fyj;a cd;s; T!IO kshduk wêldÍ mk; 2015 ud¾;= udifha § md¾,sfïka;=j úiska iïu; lr kS;shla njg m;a lr we;;a ckdêm;sjrhd mqfrdal:kh l< mßÈ fi!LH wud;HdxYfha ¥IK bka wjika jQfha o@ fuu ,smsh ta ms<sn`o úuid n,hs'

ck;djf.a meje;au flfrys we;s wod<;ajh ie,l+ úg" rgl fi!LH lafIa;%hg ysñ jkafka m%uqL;u ia:dkhls' zzwdfrda.Hd mrud ,dNdZZ hkafkka l=¿.ekafjkafkao tu wre;h' Y%S ,xldj §¾> ld,hla uq¿,af,a ksoyia fi!LH fiajdjla l%shd;aul jQ rgls' 1930 oYlfha muK isg Y%S ,xldfõ l%shd;aul jQ zzishÆ mqrjeishkg fNaohlska f;drj fi!LH fiajdj ,nd §u uQ,sl lr.;a ksoyia fi!LH fiajdjZZ ^universal health coverage& fya;=fjka furg fi!LH lafIa;%h f,dj mqrd m%YxikSh ;;a;ajhlg m;a jQ w;r <ore urK wkqmd;h" Wmf;a§ wdhq wfmalaIdj jeks fi!LH fiajdfõ m%.;sh fmkajk iïm%odhsl o¾Yl wkqj ÈhqKq fjñka mj;sk fiiq rgj,g jvd bÈßfhka isákakg ,dxlslhkag yelshdj ,eìKs' oYl lSmhla mqrd furg meje;s wys;lr foaYmd,k wd¾:sl ;;a;ajhka yuqfõ mjd hï muKl fyda wd¾:sl ia:djr;ajhla mj;ajd f.k hEug fi!LH iïmkak udkj m%d.aOkhla mej;Su fnfyúka bjy,a úh' tfia jqjo fuu ;;ajfhys ia:djr;ajhla fyda j¾Okhla we;s njla fkdfmfka' uE; jljdkqfjys fndfyda o;a;j,ska fmkakqï lrk h:d¾:h kï" ,xldfõ ksoyia fi!LH fiajfhys wLKav miqnEula isÿfjñka mj;sk njhs' fi!LH lafIa;%fha ¥IK úiska tu lafIa;%hg isÿ lrk n,mEu ms<snoj idlÉPdjg mokula jYfhka" ,xldfõ fi!LH úhou yd f,dal ;;a;ajh ms<snoj uQ,sl lreKq úuid ne,Sula isÿ lsÍu jeo.;a fõ'

fi!LH úhofï m%;sY;h f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkfha ks¾Kdhlj,g wkqj rgl fi!LHh i`oyd jeh lrk uqo," wju jYfhka trg o< cd;sl ksIamdÈ;fhka 5]la j;a úh hq;=h' tfia jqjo ,xldj isákafka ta w¾:fhka i;=gq úh yels ;ekl fkdfõ' miq.sh oYlhl muK ld,h ie,l+ úg furg fi!LH i|yd jk iuia; úhou o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fhka 3-3'5] muK jq w;r rcfha odhl;ajh o, foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fhka 1'3-1'4] la fyj;a iuia; úhofuka 40-45] muK úh' 2014 jif¾§ th o'foa' ksIamdÈ;fhka 1'1] olajd wvq jQ w;r whjehlska fjka lr we;s wvqu m%;sY;h f,i fuh ie,lsh yel' j¾;udkh jk úg Y%S ,xldj isákafka f,dalfha fi!LH i|yd o, foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fhka wvqfjkau fjka lrk rgj,a 18 w;rh' fmdÿ rdcH uKav,fha rgj,a w;r Y%S ,xldjg jvd my<ska isákafka rgj,a folla muKs' 1950 oYlh jk úg furg iuia; fi!LH úhoñka 63] rch úiska ord we;s w;r uyck;dj úiska mqoa.,slj ork fi!LH úhou ^out-of-pocket& 33] muK úh' tfy;a" todg jvd wd¾:slh ÈhqKq hehs ie,flk j¾;udkfha rcfha m%;smdok o< foaYSh ksIamdokfha m%;sY;hla f,i wvq lrñka out-of-pocket úhoï we;=¿j fm!oa.,slj oeÍug isÿjk úhoï jeä ùug bv yer ;sfí'

iuia;hla f,i f,dalfha fi!LH i|yd jk úhou o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;hkaf.a ftlHfhka 9'2] la jk w;r uq¿ fi!LH úhofuka rchka úiska orK odhl;ajh 59] muK fõ' fyd|u fi!LH fiajdjka mj;sk rgj, o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fhka 12'4]la fi!LHhg fjka lrk w;r bka 61'8]lg rch odhl fõ' f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkfha ks¾foaY wkqj fi!LH i|yd wju jYfhka o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fhka 5]la fjka l< hq;= w;r uyck;dj úiska mqoa.,slj orK fi!LH úhou ^out of pocket expenditure& iuia; fi!LH úhoñka ^total expenditure& 30] g jvd wvq úh hq;=h' 2009 o;a;hkag wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ iuia; fi!LH úhofuka 45'2]la rch úiska orkq ,nhs' fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fiajd fjkqfjka 54'8]la úhoï fõ' fï 54'8] g frda.shd fl<skau uqo,a f.jd ,nd .kakd fiajd yd rlaIKh yryd ,nd .kakd fiajd we;=<;ah' fuys § f,dal ;;a;ajh yd ii|k l, furg frda.shl= fm!oa.,sl wxYfhka m%;sldr .ekSu i|yd iDcqj ork úhou by< nj fmfka' wfkla w;g rlaIK wdjrKhlska wod< úhoï msßuid .ekSu f,dal ;;a;ajhg jvd wm rfgys wvq w.hls' ^m%ia;dr n,kak'& fi!LH wxYhg orK úhoï m%;sY; - Y%S ,xldj - jir 2009 Social Insurance iudc rCIK 0% other fjk;a 2%

rCIKdjrK Private Insurance 5%

frda.shdf.a w;ska hk úhoï Out of pcket expenditure 48%

rcfha úhoï Government Expenditure 45%

fi!LH wxYhg orK úhoï m%;sY; - f,dalh - jir 2009 iudc rCIK Social Insurance 25%

rcfha úhoï Government Expenditure 35%

rCIKdjrK Private Insurance 18% frda.shdf.a w;ska hk úhoï

other fjk;a 4%

Out of pcket expenditure 18%

^uQ,dY% - f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkh yd Institute of National Health Policy National Health Accounts&

fi!LH úhoï- m%;s w¾:l:kh fi!LH i`oyd rch orK úhofï m%;sY;h by< kexùu ms<sn`o b,a,Su" fi!LH lafIa;%h ;=<skq;a" fmdÿfõ isú,a iudch ;=<skq;a È.= l,l isg bÈßm;a jkakls' tfy;a rdcH md¾Yajfhka ta ms<sno m%udKj;a wjOdkhla fhduq ù we;s njla fkdfmfka' ta fjkqjg wmQre m%;spdrhla uE;l§ fi!LH wud;Hjrhdf.a fufyhùu u; fi!LH wud;HdxY n,OdÍkaf.ka m< úh' th by; fþofhka úia;r flreKq fi!LH úhou iïnkaO l;sldjg m%;s w¾:l:khla f,i ie,lsh yelsh' fuu m%;spdrh m< jkafka" miq.sh wf.daia;= m<uqjeksod fi!LH wud;Hjrhdf.a m%Odk;ajfhka t<s oelajQ “cd;sl fi!LH .sKqï jd¾;dj” u`.sks' ta ms<snoj isÿ l< m%pdrKfha§ y`ÿkajd § ;snqfKa" tnÿ jd¾;djla t<s oelafjkafka f,dalfha m%:u jrg njhs' fuf;la l,a fi!LH úhoï .Kkh l< l%uh fodaI iy.; nj;a" tajdg laIhùï we;=<;a fkdjk nj;a" laIhùï o we;=<;a lr .Kkh l< úg fi!LH iïnkaOfhka rch ork úhofï m%;sY;ho" iuia;hla f,i fi!LH úhofï rcfha mx.=j o by< hk nj;a" ta wkqj fm!oa.,sl wxYhg jvd jeä mx.=jla rch úiska ork nj ;yjqre jk nj;a tu m%;s w¾:l:kfha yrh f,i ie,lsh yelsh' wod< jd¾;dj t<s oelaúfï W;aijfha§ fi!LH" fmdaIK yd foaYSh ffjoH wud;H rdð; fiakdr;ak uy;d th fufia meyeÈ,s lr ;sìKs' zzfï .sKqï jd¾;dj t<solajk ;=re fi!LHfha .sKqï ms<sn|j wms l¿jf¾ w;..d ysáhd' fm!oa.,sl wxYh ;ukaf.a .sKqïj, wh lSh o" jeh lSh o" ksYaÑ; jeh m%udKh wdÈh .ek okakjd' kuq;a wms tfyu .Kkhla ljodj;a lr,d ;snqfKa keye' furg b;sydifha m%:u j;djg tjeks .Kkhla isÿ l<d' fi!LH wud;HxYfha m%d.aOkh laIhùu" j;alï wms ljodj;a .Kkh lf<a keye' fuõprla ,enqKd" fuÉprla úhoï l<d lshk tl ú;rhs fumuK l,la isÿ lf<a' remsh,a i;j,ska lrk úhou muKhs lshkafka” “kuq;a Bg jvd úYd, úhoula wms lr,d ;sfnkjd' remsh,a ì,shk 260 lg jvd jeä m%udKhla 2013 j¾Ih i|yd úhoï lr ;sfnkjd' Bg wu;rj ;j ì,shk 21la laIhùug ;sfnkjd' ta ì,shk 21u úhoï lrkafka rch' rch úhoï lrk kshu m%udKh fï lKavdhu .Kkh lr,d fok ;=re .Kkh lf<a keye' ta jf.au ;uhs wksla rdcH wdh;k;a' wfkla rdcH jeh;a fï jf.auhs' wo wfma rch l,amkd lrkjd fï m%d.aOkh laIhùu;a wfkl=;a jeh lsÍïj,g tl;= lr,d rfÜ .sKqï yokak' th rcfha m%;sm;a;shla' uqo,a wud;HdxYhg m%:u fi!LH wud;HdxYh fujeks jd¾;djla bÈßm;a lsÍu .ek tu lKavdhug uu ia;=;sjka; fjkjd'ZZ zzfuf;la l,a m%ldY lr ;snqfKa 2013 jif¾È fi!LHhg fjka lf<a o< foaYSh ksIamdokfhka ishhg 1'7 hs lsh,d' fï .sKqï wkqj n,k fldg th 3'2 la olajd by< f.dia ;sfnkjd' ta 3'2 g jeä fjkafka fudflka o" rcfhka' fm!oa.,sl

wxYfhka fkdfjhs' fm!oa.,sl wxYh laIh ùu .Kkh lrkjd' wfma rdcH .sKqfï tfyu fohla flfrkafka keye' fu;k isg wmsg hkak myiqhs' 2016 fï wjqreoaog neÆfjd;a rfÜ fi!LH fjkqfjka wms ì,shk 300 lg jeäh úhoula or,d ;sfnkjd' fuf;la l,a fmkakqfõ fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fi!LH úhou rchg jvd jeähs lsh,d' kuq;a fïl w;ru`. yodf.k hkfldg uu lrmq idlÉPdj, § ug wjfndaO jqKd rch ork úhou fm!oa.,sl wxYh ork úhoug jvd jeä nj'ZZ1 fï w¾:l:kh .ek jeäÿr idlÉPd lsÍu wmf.a m%ia;=;fhka neyer ldßhls' ,xldfõ fi!LH lafIa;%fha mj;sk .egÆj úhoï .Kkh lsÍu iïnkaO .egÆjla fkdjk nj;a" .sKqï jd¾;djl b,lalï yrUhlska mj;sk fN!;sl idOlj, wxY= ud;%hl fyda fjkila isÿ fkdjk nj;a muKla isysm;a lsÍu m%udKj;ah'

¥IKh- w¾nqoh W;aikak lrk idOlhla f,i fi!LH lafIa;%h iòyd Y%S ,xldj ork úhou" kQ;k f,dal m%ñ;Skag wkqj m%udKj;a fkdjk nj by;ska idlÉPd úh' ta ish,a, uòlg neyer fldg" fi!LH fiajd ,nd.kakd uyckhdf.a m%dfhda.sl w;aoelSï wdY%fhka úuid neÆj o ta nj ukdj ;yjqre fjhs' ¥IKh hkq ljr lafIa;%hl§ jqjo n,j;a .egÆjls' tfy;a iSñ; iïm;a iys; lafIa;%hl mj;sk ¥IKh hkq" m%udKj;a ;rï iïm;a we;s fyda iïm;a jeämqr we;s ;ekl isÿ jk ¥IKhg jvd nrm;< .eg¨jls' fi!LH lafIa;%hg fjka jk iSñ; iïm;aj,ska ¥IKh ksid ;j ÿrg;a wysñ jk m%udKh fldmuK oehs lsisÿ wdldrhl .Kkh lsÍula isÿj ke;' “cd;sl fi!LH .sKqï jd¾;dj” o ta ms<snoj lsisÿ ms<sirKla fkdimhhs' tu lreK iïnkaOfhkao wmg lsishï woyila fyda we;s lr .; yelafla rfgka neyer uQ,dY%j,sks' 2010 f,dal fi!LH jd¾;djg wkqj" “f,dj mqrd fi!LH i|yd jeh jk uqo,ska 30] la muK wmf;a hhs' ÿ¾j, l<ukdlrKh óg n,mdk m%Odk fya;=j fõ'” th fmdÿfõ kdia;sh ms<snò .Kkh lsÍula ñi ¥IKh ms<sno iDcq .Kka ne,Sula fkdfõ' tfy;a tu m%;sY;h ,xldfõ fi!LH úhoïj, kdia;sh yd ¥IKh ms<sno fmdÿ w.hla f,i Wml,amkh l< o bka fmfkk Ñ;%h ìysiqKqh' fi!LH lafIa;%hg fjka jk iSñ; uqo,a m%udKfhka o 1$3lg wdikak m%udKhla uyck;djf.a hym; iòyd fkdfhfok nj thska fmfka' ienE ;;a;ajh Bg;a jvd nrm;< jkq we;s nj wkqudk l< yelsh'

1. http://www.dinamina.lk/?q=2016/08/05/20488

fi!LH ¥IK y`ÿkd.ekSu fi!LH lafIa;%fha jD;a;Sh iñ;s ksfhdað;hskag wkqj" tu lafIa;%h ;=< jeä jYfhka ¥IK isÿ jk m%Odk wxY 3la y`ÿkd.; yelsh' T!IO yd WmlrK ñ, § .ekSï" bÈlsÍï yd kv;a;= fiajd tu wxYhs' ta w;ßka o m<uq wxYh m%uqL fõ' fi!LHhg fjka jk wruqo,aj,ska jeäu mx.=j fjka jk lafIa;%h f,i ie,lsh yelafla o thhs' l,la fi!LH wud;H Oqrfhao lghq;= lr we;s j;auka ckdêm;sjrhd jrla m%ldY lf<a" “fï rfÜ ¥Is; u wud;HdxYhla njg m;a j ;snQ fi!LH wud;HdxYh kj T!IO mk; y÷kajd§u;a iu`. msßisÿ wdh;khla njg m;ajkq we;s nj”hs' fi!LH wud;HdxYh fujka ¥Is; ;;a;ajhlg m;a jQfha jirlg tys fgkav¾ 21"000lg;a jvd jeä m%udKhla l%shd;aul ùu nj fmkajd ÿka ckdêm;s;=ud kj T!IO mk; iu`. Bg úi÷ï ,efnk we;s njo m%ldY lf<ah'2 ckdêm;sjrhd i`oyka l< “T!IO mk;” fyj;a “cd;sl T!IO kshduk wêldß mk;” 2015 ud¾;= udifha§ md¾,sfïka;=j úiska iïu; fldg kS;shla njg m;aj we;;a" ckdêm;sjrhd mqfrdal:kh l< mßÈ fi!LH wud;HdxYfha ¥IK bka wjika jQ njla fkdfmfka' wod< mkf;ys iSudjka ms<snoj nrm;< úfõpk m< úh' tu mk; m%ldrj msysgqjkq ,enQ wêldßhg wfmalaIs; wruqKq fjkqfjka l%shd;aul ùu myiq jQfha ke;' foaYmd,k n,mEï u; tu wêldßfha iNdm;sjrhdg Oqrh yer hEug isÿ úh' lS¾;su;a uydpd¾hjrhl= jQ iNdm;sjrhd T!IO iud.ïj, yd Tjqkaf.ka jdis ,nk ks,Or ;ka;%fha yd md,k ;ka;%fha úfrdaOhg md;% ù isá w;r wjidkfha§ weu;sjrhd Tjqkaf.a Wjukdjka bgq lsÍug t<smsgu l%shd l< njg fpdaokd t,a, úh' fi!LH lafIa;%fha ¥IK flfrys T!IO fjf<o iud.ïj, n,mEu fl;rïoehs fmkakqï lrk m%n, WodyrKhla by; lS T!IO mk; wdY%s;ju Wmqgd oelaúh yelsh' th jvd;a jeo.;a jkafka" wod< isÿùu rfÜ ckdêm;sjrhdf.au w;aoelSula ùu;a" Tyq úiska md¾,sfïka;=fõ§ th fy<s lsÍu;a ksidh' by; i`oyka l< zzT!IO wêldßhgZZ wod< mk; m<uqjrg flgqïm;a lrk ,oafoa" j;auka ckdêm;s ffu;%Smd, isßfiak uy;d fi!LH weu;sjrhd f,i lghq;= l< iufhah' th kS;s flgqïm;a wxYfha § w;=reoyka úh' wju jYfhka kS;s flgqïm;a fomd¾;fïka;=jg hjk ,o mkf;a msgm;la fyda fidhd .ekSug fkdyels ùu mqÿu iy.;h' th ghsma fiáka l< mß.Klfhka mjd w;=reoyka ù ;sìKs' tu mk;a flgqïm; wia:dk.; lsÍug iïnkaO hehs lsysm fokl=f.a kï lshejqK;a Tjqka iïnkaOfhka úêu;a mÍlaIKhla isÿ jQfha o ke;'

2. http://www.president.gov.lk

fï iïnkaOfhka ckdêm;s ffu;%Smd, isßfiak uy;d md¾,sfïka;=fõ§ úfYaI fy<sorõjla lf<ah' mk;a flgqïm;la iïnkaOfhka ,xldfõ úOdhl ckdêm;sjrhl= md¾,sfïka;=fõ§ woyia oelajQ m<uq wjia:dj f,i b;sydi .; jk fuu l;dfõ§ ckdêm;sjrhd fy<s lf<a" kS;s flgqïm;a fomd¾;fïka;=jg fhduq lrk ,o mk;a flgqïm; w;=reoyka lsÍu i|yd tla iud.ulska ,laI 25 ne.ska T!IO iud.u 400lska uqo,a ,nd f.k ;sfnk njhs' tu uqo,a ld w;g .sfhaoehs ;uka fkdokakd nj lS Tyq kS;s flgqïm;a fomd¾;fïka;=j fi!LH wud;HdxYh hgf;a ;snqfKa kï ta .ek mÍlaIKhla lsÍug yelshdj ;snQ nj;a tfy;a th ;snqfKa ld wf;aoehs ljqre;a okakd nj;a mejiqfõh' miq.sh rcfha kS;s flgqïm;a fomd¾;fïka;=j ;snqfKa ysgmq ckdêm;sjrhd hgf;ah' ckdêm;sjrhd úiska lrk ,o fy<sorõj b;d jeo.;ah' tu`.ska T!IO iud.ïj, n,h fld;rïo hkak .ek o fy<sorõ fõ' rch úiska ilia l< mk;a flgqïm;la h<s fidhd .; fkdyels jk f,iu wia:dk .; lsÍug Tjqkag yelsh' ^fulS T!IO iud.ï fndfyda l,lg by;§;a fl;rï n,j;aj isáfhao hkak .ek" Y%S ,xldjg T!IO m%;sm;a;shla we;s lsÍu ms<sno ixl,amfhys ks¾ud;Djrhd jQ wdpd¾h fiakl ììf,af.a urKh iïnkaOfhka ,sheù we;s f;dr;=re foia fohs'& mqÿuhg ldrKhla jkafka" mk;a flgqïm;la w;=reoyka lrùu i`oyd fldaá iShl w,a,ia §fï fpdaokdjla" rfÜ ckdêm;sjrhd úiska W;a;Í;r md¾,sfïka;=j yuqfõ fy<sorõ lr jir tlyudrlg;a jeä ld,hla .; ú we;;a ta ms<snoj lsisÿ wdldrhl mÍlaIKhla wdrïN ù fkd;sîuh'

¥IKh ue`v,Su j<lajk - T!IO mkf;a iSud T!IO mk; l%shd;aul ù flá ld,hla we;=<; th wid¾:l ùug n,mE fya;=" mk; ;=< u wka;¾.; ù ;snqKq nj fmfka' th iDcqju mk; f.k wd wjia:dfõ§ lafIa;%h ms<sno w;aoelSï we;s md¾Yajj,ska t,a, jQ úfõpk h:d¾:hla njg m;a ùuls' mk; n,d;aul lsÍfuka ckdêm;sjrhd wfmalaId l< wruqKq bgq fkdùug n,mE fya;= o tajdh' wfmalaIs; wruqKq bgq lr .ekSug kï" tu iSudjka ch.; yels mßÈ mk; h<s ixfYdaOkh ùu wksjd¾h wjYH;djls' ta ms<sno m%uqL jeo.;alula ork lreKq lsysmhla muKla fuys§ i,ld n,uq' 1' idudkHfhka T!IO m%;sm;a;shl jeo.;a u ,laIK jkafka T!IOj, ñ, md,kh (Price Control) tajdfha .=Kd;aul nj kshdukh lsÍu (Quality Assurance) yd T!IO ixialrKh yd iq,n;ajh (vailability) hk mokïh' fuu kj mkf;a T!IOj, ñ, md,khg wod< úêu;a mshjr lsisjla f.k ke;' fiakl ììf,a jd¾;dj fï i|yd fhdackd lrkq ,enqfõ T!IO wdkhkhg yd ksIamdokhg

rcfha ueÈy;aùuhs' 2005 § bÈßm;a lrk ,o T!IO m%;sm;a;shg wkqj hï ksYaÑ; T!IOhl ksIamdÈ; ñ, Ndú; lr ñ, iQ;%hla ks¾udKh lrk nj;a ta wkqj tu T!IOfha Wmßu is,a,r ñ, ;SrKh lrk nj;a tys i|ykaj ;sìKs' kuq;a iïu; jQ mkf;a ta lsisjla ke;' ñ, md,khg wod<j we;af;a j.ka;s 4 la muKs' mkf;a 118 j.ka;sfha ñ, md,k lñgqjla .ek i|yka l<;a tys n,;, mkf;a olajd ke;' tneúka lñgqfõ Wmßu ñ, ks¾foaYh lv l< fyd;a .; yels mshjr l=ulaoehs meyeÈ,s ke;' ñ, iQ;%hla .ek o mkf;a i|ykla ke;' tys we;s wdldrhg T!IOhl Wmßu ñ, ;SrKh lrkqfha tys cd;Hka;r ñ, weiqfrks' fuh b;du widOdrK jkafka ráka rg ck;djf.a wdodhï uÜgï w;r nrm;< mr;rhla we;s neúks' 118 ^4& j.ka;shg wkqj ñ, md,kfha ks¾Kdhl ielfikafka tÈfkod Ndú;hg .kakd wdydr øjHj, ñ, md,kfha § mjd wid¾:l ù we;s mdßfNda.sl lghq;= wêldßfha ks¾Kdhlhkah' fï wkqj T!IO ñ, md,kh i|yd mk; u`.ska lsisÿ idOkSh mshjrla .; fkdyels nj meyeÈ,sh' 2' T!IO j¾.j, ixirKh iy iq,n;ajh .ek o ;;ajh tfiauh' idudkHfhka iq,n;ajh hkqfjka woyia flfrkafka th fjf<|fmdf<a iSud rys;j ,nd.; yels nj fkdfõ' T!IO w;r Ôú; wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd w;HjYH T!IO ^Life Saving Medicine& w;HjYH T!IO ^Essencial Medicine& m%fhdackj;a" tfy;a w;HjYH fkdjk T!IO ^Usefull Medicine& wd§ jYfhka T!IO j¾. flf¾' fiakl ììf,a m%;sm;a;shg wkqj isÿ flrefKa ,xldjg wjYH T!IO 232 l f,aLkhla ilia lsÍuhs' j;auka ;;a;ajhkag wkqj th hdj;ald,Sk l< hq;= w;r fuu mkf;a tjeks W;aidyhla ord ke;' tlu T!IOh úúO fjf<|kdu .Kkdjla hgf;a úúO ñ, .Kkaj,g úlsKSu keje;aùug mkf;a lsisÿ úêúOdkhla ke;' T!IO ,shdmÈxÑfha§ whÿï lrk ´kEu T!IOhla ,shdmÈxÑ lrkjd ñi ksYaÑ; iSudjlg jvd fjf<| kdu ,shdmÈxÑ l< fkdyels nj olajd ke;' T!IOj, .=Kd;aul Ndjh iïnkaOfhka w;sYh jeo.;a jkafka rch T!IO wdkhkhg yd ksIamdokhg ueÈy;a ùuhs' tfy;a mk; rdcH T!IO kS;s.; ixia:dj .ek ksy`vh' mk; l;d lrkafka T!IOj, ;;aj kshdukh ms<sn|j muKs' ta ms<sn|jo jeo.;a lreKq mkf;a ke;s w;r ish,a, ;SrKh lrk fr.=,dis mekùfï n,h leìkÜ uKav,hg mjrd ;sfí' mkf;a 142 ^2& j.ka;sh ;=< muKla lreKq 31 la ms<sn| fr.=,dis miqj ;SrKh lrk nj mjid we;' fï wkqj mk; miqld,Skj leìkÜ uKav,hg wjYH mßÈ yev.ekaúh yels ueá .=,shls' ta w;r .=Kd;aul nj kshdukh i|yd ilia lr we;s jHqyh o fnfyúka m%YakldÍh' 3' T!IO kshdukh i|yd wêldßh m;a lr we;af;a mkf;a n,;, m%ldrjh' ,xldjg f.kaúh yelafla T!IO kshduk wêldßfha wkque;sh iys;j ,shdmÈxÑ jk T!IO muKs' ta wkqj ,xldfõ nd, T!IO ixirKh ùu je<elaùu i|yd fukau ,xldfõ ck;djf.a Ôú; wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd o wêldßh i;= m%uqL j.lSula we;' tksidu wêldßh T!IO iud.ïj, .%yKfhka yd n,mEfuka uqod.ekSu ;SrKd;aul wjYH;djls' tfy;a fuu mkf;a 4 ^6& j.ka;shg wkqj wêldßfha idudðlhka 13 fokdf.ka 10 fokl=u m;alrkafka fi!LH

weue;sjrhdh' 9 ^2& j.ka;shg wkqj weue;sjrhdg ta oi fokdf.ka ´kEu flkl= wjYH úfgl bj;a l< yelsh' wêldßfha iNdm;sjrhd m;alsÍfï n,h weue;sjrhd i;= nj 5 ^1& j.ka;sfha oelafjk w;r iNdm;sjrhd bj;a lsÍfï n,h o weue;sjrhd i;= nj 5 ^3& j.ka;sfha i|ykah' fï wdldrhg wêldßfha nyq;rhla iy iNdm;sjrhd m;alsÍu" bj;a lsÍu weue;sjrhd i;=ùu ksid wêldßh fi!LH weue;sjrhdf.a rElvhla njg m;a fõ' ^ysgmq iNdm;sjrhdg bj;a ùug isÿ jQfha tfia fkdùu fya;=fjks'& 4' wêldßhg jvd by<ska wNshdpkd uKav,hla msysgqjd we;s w;r wêldßh úiska .kq ,nk ;SrK ;ukag tk wNshdpkd i,ld n,d fjkia lsÍfï n,h wNshdpkd uKav,hg we;' wêldßh wNshdpkd uKav,fha ks¾foaY ms<s.; hq;= nj 123 ^7& j.ka;sfha meyeÈ,sj olajd ;sfí' mkf;a 123 ^1& j.ka;shg wkqj j.ka;shg wkqj wNshdpkd uKav,fha ;sfokdu m;alsÍfï n,h weue;sjrhd i;= fõ' ta wkqj wNshdpkd uKav,h yryd wêldßhg n,mEï lsÍfï n,h o weue;s i;=h' tmuKla fkdfõ" 123 ^8& j.ka;shg wkqj wNshdpkd uKav,fha ;SrKo fjkia l< yels wjika wNshdpkd n,Odßhd jkafka weue;sjrhdh' fï wkqj ,shdmÈxÑ lrk yd fkdlrk T!IO ms<sn| wjika ;SrK .ekSfï iïmQ¾K n,h fi!LH weue;sjrhd i;= fõ' mk; u`.ska ,laI 200 l ck;djf.a Ôú; .ek ;SrK .ekSfï n,h ;ks mqoa.,hl= i;= lr we;'

rcfha frday,a i|yd T!IO ñ,§ .ekSu rcfha frday,a ioyd T!IO ñ,g .ekSfï l%shdj,sh wdY%s;j nrm;< ¥IK isÿjk nj;a" tu ¥IK fi!LH lafIa;%h wdY%s;j isÿjk ¥IKj,ska m<uq ;ekg .efkk nj;a m%lg lreKls' T!IO wêldßh iïnkaO wOHhkfha§ idlÉPd jQ T!IO iud.ïj, l%shdl,dmh ie,ls,a,g .ekSfï§" fuu ñ,§ .ekSï wdY%s;j isÿjk ¥IK flfrys T!IO iud.ïj, iïnkaOh fl;rï jkq we;aoehs wkqudk l< yelsh' miq.sh jir lsysmhl ld,h ;=<" rcfha frday,a ioyd T!IO yd WmlrK ñ,g .ekSfï§ isÿù we;s nrm;< ¥IK /ila jd¾;d úh' ta iïnkaOfhka úêu;a meñKs,s o bÈßm;a jQ w;r" ckudOH Tiafia ;shqKq fy<sorõ lsÍï o bÈßm;a úh' jeä ñ,g T!IO .ekSu" m%udKj;a ;rï f;d. ;sìh§ wkjYH f,i ñ,g .ekSu" ;;a;ajfhka nd, T!IO yd l,a bl=;a jQ T!IO ñ,g .ekSu hkd§ úúO isÿùï ta w;r úh' fujeks ¥IK iïnkaOfhka fpdaokd bÈßm;a jQfha fi!LH wud;HdxYfha by<u n,OdÍkag tfrysjh' tfy;a tjeks isÿùï iïnkaOfhka rch wkq.ukh lrk l%shdud¾. isÿùïj, nrm;<lug lsisfia;au fkdiEfyk nj ;yjqre jk lÈu kso¾Ykhla fufiah' fuys oelafjkafka bl=;a jir 5l ld,h ;=< fi!LH lafIa;%fha ñ,§ .ekSïj,§ isÿj we;s ¥IK iïnkaOfhka wdKavq mlaIfhau uka;%Sjrhl= iNd.; l< m%Yakhla iy" rch fjkqfjka ta i`oyd ,nd § we;s ms<s;=rhs' 32 31

fi!LH lafIa;%fha úúO wl%ñl;d" ¥IK yd jxpd: l%shd ud¾.3 m%Yakh .re wls, úrdÊ ldßhjiï uy;d" - — fi!LH wud;H;=udf.ka weiSug"— ^w& î& miq.sh j¾I 5l ld,mßÉfþofha§ fi!LH lafIa;%h ;=< m%ñ;sfhka f;dr T!IO wdkhkh lsÍu" T!IO ksis f,i .nvd fkdlsÍu" T!IO wh:d mßÈ i`.jd ;nd.ekSu" l,a bl=;ajQ T!IO yd ffjoH WmlrK kej; Ndú;hg .ekSu" ,shdmÈxÑ fkdl< T!IO wdkhkh lsÍu hkd§ úúO wl%ñl;d" ¥IK yd jxpd úYd, ixLHdjla isÿ ù we;s nj;a; îi& tajd iïnkaOfhka wod< n,OdÍka fï jk úg;a ksy`v ms<sfj;la wkq.ukh lrk nj;a; t;=ud okafkyso@ ^wd& î& by; ld, iSudfõ§ fi!LH wud;HxYh ;=< isÿ ù we;s wl%ñl;d" ¥IK yd jxpdjka ms<sn| jd¾;djla fuu iNdjg bÈßm;a lrkafkao; îi& tu ¥IK" jxpd iy wl%ñl;dj,g iïnkaO ks,OdÍkag tfrysj f.k we;s l%shdud¾. ljf¾o; îii& frda.S ck;djf.a Ôú; wjodkug ,la lrñka isÿjk by; i|yka wdldrfha wl%ñl;d ms<sn|j fuf;la ksis wjOdkh fhduq fkdlsÍug fya;= ljf¾o;

hkak t;=ud i|yka lrkafkyso@

^we& fkdtfia kï" ta ukao@ wud;HxYh - fi!LH wik ,oafoa - wls, úrdÊ ldßhjiï foaYmd,k mlaIh - tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh ms<s;=r ms<s;=re fok ,oafoa .re ,,s;a Èidkdhl uy;d" md'u'"

^w& ^i& fi!LH lafIa;%h ;=< ¥IK yd wl%ñl;d isÿ ù we;s njg ,o meñKs,s yd wkdjrKh jQ lreKq iïnkaOfhka úu¾Ykhla isÿ lr we;' ^ii& úu¾Ykfha§ wkdjrKh jQ lreKq u; ,nd § we;s ks¾foaY l%shd;aul lsÍug lghq;= lr we;' 3. http://parliament.lk/si/component/qa/?task=question&id=3468

^wd& î& by; lreKq iïnkaOj úu¾Yk yd yÈis jeg,Sï wxYh u`.ska uQ,sl úu¾Ykhla isÿ lr" úu¾Yk jd¾;dfõ ks¾foaYhkag wkqj my; i|yka mßÈ j. lsjhq;a;ka y÷kdf.k wod< úkh l%shd ud¾.hka isÿ lrñka mj;S' 1' ffjoH iemhqï wxYfha .nvdj, l,a bl=;a jQ T!IO we;s njg ,enqKq f;dr;=re wkqj isÿ lrk ,o úu¾Ykfha§ l,a bl=;a jQ T!IO j¾. 64la we;s nj wkdjrKh lr .kakd ,§' ta iïnkaOj rdcH l<ukdlrK iyldrjrfhl=g yd T!IOfõÈhl=g tfrysj úkhdkql+, lghq;= flfrñka mj;S' 2' ffjoH iemhqï wxYfha .nvdj, we;s w`.,a 8 m%udKfha ðjdKqyrKh lrk ,o w;a jeiqï ixLHdj olajd ;sìh§;a 2006 j¾Ih olajd w`.,a 8 m%udKfha ÔjdKqyrKh l< w;a jeiqï 1"500"000l m%udKhla weKjqï lr w;sßla; f;d. ñ,§ .ekSu iïnkaOfhka iyldr wOHlaIjrfhl=g tfrysj fpdaokd f.dkq lr úkh lghq;= isÿ lrñka mj;S' 3' fnod yeÍu i|yd wjYH T!IO m%udKhg jvd T!IO ñ,§ .ekSu iïnkaOfhka isÿ lrk ,o ú.Kk mÍlaIKhla u`.ska bÈßm;a lr we;s ksÍlaIK wkqj uQ,sl úu¾Ykhla isÿ lrk ,§' tys§ we;eï T!IO wjYH m%udKhg jvd jeäfhka weKjqï lr we;s nj wkdjrKh úh' fï i|yd j. lsj hq;= iyldr wOHlaIjrhl=g yd T!IOfõ§ka y;r fofkl=g tfrysj úkh lghq;= flfrñka mj;S' 4' fi!LH wud;HxYfha iemhqï wxYh fj; rdcH T!IO kS;s.; ixia:dj u`.ska ksl=;a lrk ,o úl,dx. WmlrK jir foll muK ld,hla ffjoH iemhqï wxYfha fldßfvdaj ;=< wkdrlaIs;j .nvd lr ;eîu iïnkaOj uQ,sl úu¾Ykhla isÿ lr we;' fï ms<sn|j iyldr wOHlaIjrfhl=g tfrysj fpdaokd f.dkq lr we;' îi& uQ,sl úu¾Ykj, § ikd: jQ fpdaokd iïnkaOfhka by; wxl 1"2"3"4ys i|yka ks,Odßkag tfrysj úkh lghq;= isÿ lrñka mj;S' îii& wod< fkdfõ' ^we& mek fkdk`.S' by; isoaê wOHhkh u`.ska fmkakqï flfrkafka" fi!LH lafIa;%fha úfYaIfhka ñ,§ .ekSï wdY%s;j isÿjk uyd mßudK ¥IKj,g idfmalaIj Bg tfrysj .kq ,nk l%shdud¾.j, mßudj fl;rï w,am o hkakhs' jir 5la ;=< isÿj we;s ¥IKj,ska rchg fidhd.; yels ú we;af;a isÿùï 4la muKh' tajdg jrolrejka f,i yÿkdf.k we;af;a ks,OdÍka 5 fofkl= muKls' tu ks,OdÍka o by<u fmf<a wh fkdjk nj fmfka' rdcH l<ukdlrK iyldrjrfhl="T!IOfõÈhl= yd iyldr wOHlaIjre ;sfofkls' Tjqkag tfrysj o zzúkhdkql+, l%shdud¾.j,skaZZ tmsg mshjrla .kakd njla iòyka

fkdfõ' ¥IKh byjyd .sh lafIa;%hl funÿ w,am jQ l%shdud¾. ;=<ska tajd ue`v,sh yelso@ fi!LH lafIa;%fha isÿjk ¥IK yd tajdg iïnkaO md¾Yajj, ;rd;sru ms<sno fy<s lrk my; kso¾Ykh" z¥IK úfrdaë y`vZ kï ixúOdkh úiska w,a,ia fyda ¥IK úu¾Yk fldñiug bÈßm;a flreKq meñKs,a,la iïnkaOfhka m< jQ m%jD;a;s jd¾;djls'4 furg jl=.vq frda.Skag wjYH iS'à' ialEka hka;% iy f,a msßiqÿ lsÍfï hka;% ,nd.ekSug cmka rcfhka mß;Hd. jYfhka ,ndÿka remsh,a ñ,shk 770 l m%udKfhka ñ,shk 470l uQ,H jxpdjla we;=¿j uOHu m<d;a iNd fi!LH wud;HxYfha isÿjQ remsh,a ñ,shk 500 l jxpdjla ms<sn|j "¥IK úfrdaë y`v" ixúOdkh w,a,ia fyda ¥IK úu¾Yk fldñiug meñKs,a,la bÈßm;a lr ;sfí' cmka wdOdr f,i ,enqKq uqo,a Wmfhda.S lrf.k ñ,§ f.k ;sfnkafka remsh,a ñ,shk 240 la jákd iS'à' ialEka hka;% 06 la iy remsh,a ñ,shk 60la jákd f,a msßiqÿ lsÍfï hka;% 50 la muKla nj o tu ixúOdkfha le|jqïlre m<d;a iNd uka;%S jika; iurisxy uy;d i|yka lrhs' fuu meñKs,a,g wu;rj uOHu m<d;a fi!LH fiajd wud;HxYh WmlrK ñ,§ .ekSfï§ remsh,a ñ,shk 500 l uQ,H jxpdjla isÿù ;sfnk njg meñKs,af,ka lreKq olajd ;sfí' cmka wdOdr hgf;a WmlrK ñ,§ f.k ;sfnkafka fi!LH fiajd ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,ajrfhl= nj;a" Tyq WmlrK ñ,§.;a iud.fï wOHlaIljrfhl= f,i lghq;= lrk nj;a" tu iud.fï ,shdmÈxÑ ,smskh ù ;sfnkafka ysgmq fi!LH wud;Hjrfhl=g wh;a f.dvke.s,a,l ,smskhla nj;a tu`.ska jeä ÿrg;a lreKq olajd ;sfí'

4. http://www.ada.lk/article/31412/url#sthash.eoI1UiC3.dpuf

yß u`. ;sìh § jerÈ u`. hk fudag¾ r: m%jdyk fomd¾;fïka;=j Y%S,d,a fifkúr;ak fudag¾ r: m%jdyk fomd¾;fïka;=jg t,a, jk úúO fpdaokd w;ßka jeä m%udKhla t,a, jkafka ßhÿre n,m;% ksl=;a lsrSfï wl%ñl;d iïnkaofhks' ksis l%ufõo wkq.ukh lrk whÿïlrejka wmyiq;djhg m;a lrñka Tjqka w,a,ig fhduq lsÍfï m%jK;djla o l%shd;aul jk whqre fuu ,smsfhka fy<sorõ flf¾'

1951 wxl 14 fudag¾ r: jdyk mk; ^203 jk wêldßh&" 2009 wxl 08 fudag¾ r: jdyk ^ixfYdaOk& mk; hgf;a ia:dms; rdcH wdh;khls' úYsIag fudag¾ jdyk kshdukfhka by< uyck m%idoh ysñ lr .ekSu fuys wruqK f,i ±lafõ' wNsfma%rKh jQ fiajl iuQyfha iduQysl m%h;akh yd kùk ;dlaIKh fhdod .ksñka fudag¾ jdyk mk; yd wfkl=;a kS;s fr.=,dis m%Yia: f,i l%shd;aul lsÍfuka by< uyck m%idohla Wfoid lemùu tys fufyjr f,i ±lafõ' by, uyck m%idohla w;alr.ekSu" l%shdj,sh ;=<ska ld¾hlaIu yd M,odhS;djh ÈhqKq lr .ekSu" fiajd,dNshdg fiajd,dNS ;Dma;sh w;alr §u yd fiajl msßi wNsfma%rKh lsÍu o Bg we;=<;ah' Y%S ,xldj ì%;dkH úiska hg;a úð;hla f,i md,kh lrkq ,enQ wjêfha j;= md,lhka yd ì%;dkH wdKavqfõ furg fiajh l< by< ks,OdÍka úiska fudag¾ jdyk m%:u jrg furgg f.k tk ,§' tajd Odjkh lsÍu i|yd j;= wêldÍjreka yd fjk;a by< ks,OdÍka úiska yelshdjka mÍlaId lr n,d ßhÿrka fhdojd we;' m%:u jrg Y%S ,dxlslhl= úiska ´,aâiafudnhs,a ^OLDSMOBILE& j¾.fha fudag¾ r:hla furgg wdkkh lrk ,oafoa B't,a't*a' o fidhsid úiska 1902 j¾Ifha§h' miqj ,xldfõ fudag¾ r: m%udKh by<h;au tajd ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍfï;a" ßhÿre n,m;a ksl=;a lsÍfï;a wjYH;djh we;súh' fï wkqj ì%;dkH wdKavqj úiska 1916 wxl 14 orK mk; u`.ska fmd,siam;s hgf;a jdyk ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu yd ßhÿre n,m;a ksl=;a lsÍu wdrïN lrk ,§' wkql%ufhka by< .sh fudag¾ r: .ukd.ukh ms<sn|j fidhd ne,Sug j¾I 1925 § rch úiska lñgqjla m;a l< w;r fuu lñgqfõ ks¾foaY wkqj 1927 wxl 20 orK fudag¾ ld¾ wd{d mk; kS;s.; lrk ,§' fuu mk; hgf;a 1928 ckjdß 01 Èk fudag¾ r: frðiag%d¾jrhl= hgf;a fudag¾ r: frðiag%d¾ ld¾hd,h wdrïN úh' fuu ld¾hd,fha lghq;= jQfha fudag¾ r: yd ßhÿrka ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu yd jd¾Isl wdodhï n,m;%h ksl=;a lsÍug fmr l=,S ld¾ iy f,dß mÍlaId lsÍuhs' 1948 jif¾ ksoyi ,eîfuka miq" 1951 wxl 14 orK j¾;udkfha § o n,meje;afjk fudag¾ r: jdyk mk; iïu; lrk ,§' fuu mk;g fï olajd jdr .Kkdjl§ hï hï ixfYdaOk we;=<;a lr we;'1963 j¾Ifha § fudag¾ r: frðiag%d¾ OQrh" fudag¾ r: m%jdyk flduidßia f,i fjkia lsÍu;a iu`.u fudag¾ r: frðiag%d¾ ld¾hd,h fudag¾ r: m%jdyk fomd¾;fïka;=j f,i fjkia lrk ,§' 2009 j¾Ifha§ wdh;k m%Odkshd f.a ;k;=r fudag¾ r: m%jdyk flduidßia ckrd,a f,i fjkia lrk ,§' uq,a ld,fha jdyk wdodhï n,m;% ksl=;a lsÍu" ud¾. n,m;a ksl=;a lsÍu" fldkafodia;r n,m;a ksl=;a lsÍu wd§ fudag¾ jdyk iïnkaO ish¨ l¾;jHka fomd¾;fïka;=j fj; mjrd ;snqK o úúO mk;a ixfYdaOk yd jHjia:d ixfYdaOk u`.ska tu ld¾hhka wo jk úg fjk;a n,dêldr fj;o úuOH.; lr ;sfí'

ks;r wikakg ,efnk m%Yak iy l;d úfYaIfhkau ßhÿre n,m;a ksl=;a lsÍfï§ úYd, jYfhka wl%ñl;d iy ¥IK isÿjk nj ks;r wikakg ,efí' tu`.ska wdh;kfha hï ks,Odßka msßila úYd, jYfhka uqo,a Wmhd.kakd nj;a ksrka;rfhka kef`.k fpdaokdjls' Bg wu;rj jdyk ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu we;=¿ wfkl=;a lghq;=j,§ o úYd, jYfhka ¥IK isÿjk nj wikakg ,efí'

,¾k¾ia iïnkaO lrf.k lrk w,a,ia .ekSu nr jdyk ßhÿre n,m;%hla ,nd.ekSug wjYH jQ lu,a ta i|yd mqyqKqj ,eîug iqÿiq ßhÿre wNHdi úoHd,h f,i f;dard.;af;a Wvyuq,a, ,x.u äfmdajg wkqnoaOj mj;ajdf.k hk ,xld .ukd .uk uKav,fha ßhÿre wNHdi úoHd,hhs' Bg tla fya;=jla jQfha fm!oa.,sl ßhÿre mqyqKq mdi,aj,ska ßhÿre n,m;a ,nd.ekSfï§ úúO wdldrfhka w,a,ia uqo,a §ug isÿjk njg Tyq wid ;snqKq neúks' ta wkqj remsh,a myf<dia oyila uqo,a ne| mqyqKqj id¾:lj wjika l< miq m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIKh i|yd Èkh <`.d fjoa§ mqyqKqlre lu,ag lSfõ mÍlaIlhkag f.ùu i|yd remsh,a fooyil uqo,la ;ukag ,ndfok f,igh' ßhÿre n,m;%h ,nd§ug l,ska lS uqo,g wu;rj fuf,i wu;r uqo,a b,a,Su ms<sn| lu,a úuiQ úg mqyqKqlre lreKq meyeÈ,s lf<ah' tu uqo, ßhÿre mqyqKq mdif,a .dia;=j nj;a thg iß,k ksis mqyqKqjla fï jk úg ,nd§ we;s nj;a fyf;u lSfõh' tfy;a m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIKfhka iu;a lsÍu fyda fkdlsÍu ;SrKh lrkafka fudag¾ r: m%jdyk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ mÍlaIlhka nj;a Tjqkg w,a,ia uqo,a ,nd fkdÿk fyd;a m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIKfhka wiu;a flfrkq we;s nj;a lSfõh' ;jÿrg;a lreKq úuiQ lu,ag mqyqKqlre lSfõ fuf,i w,a,ia §u keje;aùug W;aidy lsÍfuka isÿjkafka ßhÿre n,m;%h ,nd.ekSug fkdyels ùu muKla nj;a Tyq lSfõh'

yßu`. hk whg jerÈ u`. fmkaùu iuka; Rcq m%;sm;a;s.rel ;reKfhls' Tyq b;d fyd¢ka ßh meoùu mqyqKq ùfuka wk;=rej ßhÿre n,m;%hla i|yd whÿï lf<ah' ,sÅ; mÍlaIKfhka iu;aùfuka miqj m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIKh i|yd Èkhla ,eìK' m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIKfha§ ßhÿre mqyqKq mdi,l jdykhla fhdod.ekSu wksjd¾h jk neúka ^rlaIK kS;suh fya;= u;& Tyq tf,i ,nd.;a jEka r:hlska m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIKh i|yd bÈßm;a úh' Tyq iu`. tu mqyqKq mdif,ka mqyqKqj ,nd bÈßm;a jQ whÿïlrejka lsysm fofkl= o tu jEka r:fhkau mÍlaIKhg

bÈßm;a úh' tu mqoa.,hkaf.a g%h,a ne,Su flá fõ,djlg iSud flreKq w;r ish¨ fokdu mÍlaIKfhka iu;a úh' tfy;a iuka;f.a mÍlaIKh i|yd b;d §¾> fõ,djla .;úh' r:jdyk ;onoh nyq, ia:dk Tiafia jdr .Kkdjla Odjkh lrjQ mÍlaIljrhd ta w;r yÈisfha keje;aùï wdÈhg o wK lf<ah' iuka; uekúka mqyqKqj ,nd isá wfhl= jQ neúka tajd t;rï ÿIalr fkdùh' iuka; w;ska iq¿ w;miqùula isÿjk f;la ßh Odjkh lrjkq ,enQ w;r th isÿjQ jydu mÍlaIKfhka wiu;a nj mÍlaIljrhd ±kqï ÿkafkah' fojk j;djg o m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIKh i|yd Èkhla ,enqKq w;r tÈk fjk;a mÍlaIljrfhla isáh o iuka;g uqyqK §ug isÿjQfha uq,a wjia:dfõ§ uqyqK ÿka isÿùug iudk ;;a;ajhlgh' tjr o m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIKfhka iuka; wiu;a flßK' iuka;g wjjdohla l< ßhÿre mqyqKq mdif,a WmfoaYljrhd lshd isáfha ;=kajk fyj;a wjika j;dfõ fyda m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIKfhka iu;aùug wjYH kï wod< .;ukdj mÍlaIlhdg fok f,i ±kaùh' tfia fkdl< fyd;a wksjd¾fhkau thskao wiu;aù kej; uq, isg .dia;= f.jñka whÿï lrkakg isÿjk njh' mÍlaIlhdg f.úh hq;= .;ukdj remsh,a 1500$-la úh' kej; uq, isg whÿï m;% bÈßm;a lsÍug isÿjqjfyd;a ta i|yd hk úhou iy ld,h foi ne,Sfï§ th f.jd ±óu kqjKg yqre nj f;aareï .;a iuka; ßhÿre WmfoaYlhd u`.ska tu uqo, mÍlaIljrhdg ,ndÿkafkah' ;=kajk wjia:dfõ m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIKhg meñKsfha m<uq Èkfha meñKs mÍlaIlhduh' iuka;g úkdä follg jvd ßh meoùug tjr isÿ fkdùh' m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIKfhka iu;a fldg ;djld,sl ßhÿre n,m;%hla tu wjia:dfõ§u ksl=;a flßKs' fï ish,a, isÿjkafka b;d ixúOdkd;auljh' th ryis.; o ke;' tfy;a fuu ¥Is;hka fldgq lr .ekSu o myiq ke;' tneúka isÿ l< hq;af;a fï mj;sk ;;a;ajh ksjerÈ lr .ekSuh' ta i`oyd my; i`oyka fhdackd l%shd;aul l< yel'

• • • • • • • •

wdh;k m%OdkSka m;a lsÍu foaYmd,k wêldßfhka msgia;r iajdëk l%ufõohlg isÿl< hq;=h' fiajlhkag jir mylg jvd tlu fiajd ia:dkfha fiajh lsÍug bv fkdÈh hq;=h' b;d iQlaIu whqßka l%shd;aul flfrk fï ¥IK kS;sfha /yekg yiqlr .ekSu i|yd ÈhqKq l%ufõohla ilia l< hq;=h' w,a,ia fldñiu u`.ska wëlaIKh lrk CCTV leurd fhoùu ¥IKj, ksr; ks,Odßka yiqjQ úg Wmßu o~qjï ,ndÈh hq;=h' ck;dj ±kqïj;a l< hq;=h' meñKs,s ,efnk f;la fkdisg wyUq jeg<Sï u`.ska isÿùï wkdjrKh lr .; hq;=h' ßhÿre n,m;a ,nd§u cd;sl ye÷kqïm;a ,ndfok wdldrfhka mdif,a uÜgfuka l%shd;aul l< hq;=h'

¥IKfha whkak fukak: wOHdmk lafIa;%fhys ¥IK jxpd ;sôßhd.u nKavdr

Y%S ,xldfõ ¥Is;u rdcH wdh;k ,ehsia;=fõ uqÿka ;,fha u ia:dkhla wOHdmk lafIa;%hg ysñ ùfï miqìu fuu ,smsfhka meyeÈ,s flf¾'

bf.kSu uq,sl ñksia whs;shls' bf.kqï l%shdj,sfha § udmshka" .=rejreka yd orejka hk md¾Yjhkays kSfrda.S yd il%Sh odhl;ajh muKla bf.kqï l%shdj,sh iïmQ¾K ùu iòyd m%udKj;a fkdfõ' wOHdmk úIh iïnkaO wdh;k l%shdldÍ;ajh ;SrKd;aul fõ' ms<s.;a kS;sh yd iïm%odhkag wkql+,j tu wdh;k moaO;sh l%shd;aul fõ' tfia fkdjQ úg tys m%cd;ka;%jd§ meje;au wk;=rg ,la fõ' foaYmd,k n,h" iudc n,h" w,a,i yd ¥IKhg hg jQ l,ays wdh;k moaO;sfha ÿ¾j,;d isiqka foudmshka yd .=rejrekaf.a ielhg wúYajdihg md;% fõ' we;eï úg fï md¾Yjhka o tu l%shdj,sfhys f.dÿre njg m;a úh yel' bf.kqï l%shdj,sh wvmK ùu yd úlD;s ùu flfrys fuh n,mdhs' fï ksid th ksis whqrlska mj;ajdf.k hEfï j.lSu o úksúo Ndjh yd iqmÍlaIKh ms<snò j. ùu o nerEreï f,i idlÉPdjg .; hq;=h' Y%S ,xldfõ ¥Is; rdcH wdh;k ,ehsia;=fõ uqÿka ;,fha ia:dkhla wOHdmk ixia:djg ysñ ú ;sîu ms<snò §¾> ld,hla idlÉPdjg ,la fõ' w;s úYd, wdfhdackh jeks fya;= u; wOHdmk lafIa;%fhys isÿ ù we;s yd isÿjk we;eï kS;s úfrdaë l%shd iïnkaOfhka kS;sh l%shd;aul ùfï ,sys,a njla fmkS hhs' WodyrKhla f,i óg jir lsysmhlg fmr Wiia fm< isxy, m%Yak m;%h áhqIka .=rejrfhl= úiska úNd.hg fmr Wmldrl mx;sfhys isiqka w;g m;a lsÍfï fpdaokdjla úNd.hg .eksK' §¾> mÍlaIhlska miqj wkdjrKh jqfha ta u`.ska isiqka úYd, msßilg widOdrKhla isÿ ù we;s njh' tfy;a t iufhys .xj;=r Wjÿßka o úYd, úkdYhla ù we;s ksid kej; úNd.h meje;aùu iòyd remsh,a fldaá .Kkl msßjehla ±Ífï yelshdj rchg fkdue;s fyhska ta ms<snò mshjr .ekSfuka j,lsk nj rch m%ldY lf<a h' fuys uQ,sl mÍlaIK mj;ajk ,oafoa wmrdO mÍlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j úisks'

wOHdmk lafIa;%fhys ¥IK jxpd iy wlghq;= isÿjk wdldr .Kkdjls 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

mdi,aj,g <uqka we;=<;a lr .ekSu' mdi,a ixj¾Ok iñ;sh" § YsIH ix.uh yd foudmsh lj úiska mdi,a ixj¾Ok lghq;= iòyd uqo,a tl;= lsÍu' mdi,a jdr úNd. iòyd m%Yak m;% ilia lsÍu" uqøKh lsÍu yd fnod yeÍu' foudmshka yd .=rejreka úiska mdif,a mj;ajk ,o W;aij iòyd uqo,a /ia lsÍu' mqia;ld,h iòyd fmd;a ,nd .ekSu" fmd;a m%o¾Yk meje;aùu hk lghq;= iòyd mqia;ld,dêm;s m%d:ñl fyda fjk;a wxY m%OdkSka fmd;a m%ldYkhka iu`. .kqfokq lsÍu' mdi,a mka;sldurfha § W.kajkq ,nk úIhhka wod< .=rejrhd mqoa.,sl mka;sj, b.ekaùfï § mdi,a isiqka mqoa.,sl mx;shg f.kajd .ekSu'

mdi,aj,g <uqka we;=<;a lsÍu 1 jir isg 11 jir olajd isiqka we;=<;a lsÍfï l%shdj,sh È.= fõ' tfy;a fuys § uQ,H jxpd yd wl%ñl;d jxpd f.dÿre ùfï m%jK;dj lemS fmfkkafka 1 jir iòyd isiqka we;=<;a lr .ekSfï §h' iuia; ,xld mßmd,k ks,OdÍkaf.a ix.uh u`.ska ilia lr we;s jd¾;djlg wkqj cd;sl mdi,a" m<d;a iNd mdi,a" w¾O rdcH mdi,a" msßfjka yd cd;Hdka;r mdi,a hkqfjka mdi,a j¾. 05 ls' y;,sia ;=ka ,laIhlg wdikak isiqka msßila fïjdfha wOHdmkh ,n;s' fuys § ckm%sh mdi,aj,g isiqka we;=<;a lr .ekSfï wNs,dIfhka lghq;= lrk foudmshka ta iòyd flá ud¾.j,g wj;S¾K ùu yd úÿy,am;sjreka ,o wjia:dfjka m%fhdackh .ekSu hk fya;= u; uqo,a fyda fjk;a m%;s,dN" ,sx.sl w,a,ia ,nd .ekSug fmf<fU;s' fï iòyd mdif,ka yd msgia;r jYfhka iyfhda.h olajk ;ereõlrefjda isá;s' m%;s,dNj,ska fldgila ;ereõlrejdg ,efí' fujeks fpdaokd iïnkaOfhka boysg kS;sh l%shd;aul jk wjia:d we;;a ckm%sh mdi,a fmdrh ksid fï l%shdj,sh fjkia fkdfõ' w,a,ia kS;sh wkqj w,a,ia ,nd .kakd mqoa.,hd fukau w,a,ia ,nd fokakd o jerÈlrejka jk kuq;a fï ms<Snòj we;s wkjfndaOh yd kS;sh ms<Snò we;s fkdie,ls,a,;a lS¾;sh" Okh yd n,hg we;s lEorlu;a ksid w,a,ia §u È.gu isÿfõ' wOHdmk wud;HdxYh u`.ska ksl=;a lr we;s 23$2013 pl%f,aLhg wkqj m<uq jir iòyd isiqka we;=<;a lr .ekSfï moku fufia h' wdikak;dj 50] wdÈ YsIH 25] ifydaor;ajh 15] wOHdmk lafIa;%h 05] ia:dkudre 04] úfoia.; meñKSu 01] fulS moku wkqj ,l=Kq ,nd §fï § iqÿiqlï imqrd fkdue;s isiqka iòyd jeämqr ,l=Kq ,nd §u yd iqÿiqlï imqrd we;s isiqkaf.a ,l=Kq wvq lsÍu hkd§ úIu;d úÿy,am;sjrhd úiska isÿlrkq ,nhs' iqÿiqlï imqrd we;s we;eï isiqka iïuqL mÍlaIK iòyd fkdleòjk wjia:d o ;sfí' iqÿiqlï ikd: lsÍu iòyd jHdc f,aLk ilia lsÍu" tfia ilia lrkakka o úYd, uqo,la Wmhd .ekSu fmdÿ ;;a;ajhls' iudc" foaYmd,k yd uqo,a n,h we;s mqoa.,hkaf.a n,mEu wkqj o isiqka we;=<;a lr .ekSu isÿjk w;r th wdhqOhla lr .ksñka ¥Is; l%shdjkaf.ka jika ùfï Wmdh o wkq.ukh lrkq fmfka' 2 isg 11 olajd isiqka we;=<;a lsÍfï 2008$37 pl%f,aLhg mgyeksj hñka isiqka 45 blaujd mka;sj,g we;=<;a lr .ekSu isÿjkafka o ¥Is; l%shdoduhla Tiafiah' 5 fY%aKsh iòyd isiqka we;=<;a lr .ekSfï§ o 2008$34 pl%f,aLh blaujd hñka lghq;= lr;s' wOHdmk f,alïf.a 2008$37 pl%f,aLh u`.ska iïuqL mÍlaIKhlska ueo fY%aKs iòyd isiqka we;=<;a lr .ekSug § we;s

wjirh ys;=jlaldÍ f,i Ndú;d lsÍuo lemS fmfka' mdi,aj, úúO lghq;= iòyd uqo,a tl;= lsÍu ;ykï nj iòyka lrñka ksl=;a lrk ,o 2015$05 pl%f,aLho nrm;, f,i W,a,x>kh flf¾' l%Svd yd fjk;a lghq;= iòyd wdÈ YsIH ix.ï" mdi,a ixj¾Ok iñ;s yd foudmsh lj úúOdldrfhka uqo,a tl;= lsÍfï § wjNdú;hla isÿ fõ'

wdkkao úÿyf,a ¥IK jxpd 2016 j¾Ifha fld<U wdkkao úÿyf,a 1 jirg isiqka we;=<;a lr .ekSfï l%shdj,sfha § isÿ ù we;s nrm;, wl%ñl;d ms<snòj mÍlaId lrk f,i b,a,d widOdrKhg ,la jQ we;eï foudmshkaf.a w;aika o iys;j w,a,ia yd ¥IK jxpd fldñIka iNdjg fhduq lr we;s meñKs,af,ys iòyka lreKq i,ld n,uq' fuys § f;dard.;a <uqka iòyd ,l=Kq ,nd §fï úIu;d ms<snò m%udKj;a mßÈ f;dr;=re we;=<;a lr we;' tfy;a Èjhsfka m%Odk fmf<a mdi,la yeáhg ,nd we;s lS¾;skduh iy tu úÿyf,a wdÈ isiqka fiajh lrk Èjhsfka m%uqL wdh;k wkqj Tjqkag we;s isú,a n,h ksid je/oao hg .eiSug we;s bvlv jeä nj foudmshkaf.a woyihs'

bÈßm;aj we;s fpdaokd 1. 2. 3. 4.

2016'01'02 fjks Èk m%o¾Ykh lr we;s wjika ,ehsia;=j wkqj wdikak mÈxÑh hgf;a <uqka 105 la f;dard f.k ;sfí' iqÿiqlï rys; whÿïlrejkaf.a kï úYd, m%udKhla Bg we;=<;a fõ' Pkao ysñ kdu f,aLKfha ,shdmÈxÑh ke;s j¾Ihka i`oyd o iïmQ¾K ,l=Kq m%udKh ^7x5& ,nd §u' mÈxÑ ,smskhg wdikak mdi,a i`oyd ,l=Kq 05 ne.ska wvq fkdlr jxpkslj f;dard.;a whg ,l=KQ ,nd §u' f;dard .;a wju ,l=Kq m%udKh 88] la f,i ;SrKh lrñka ¥Is; f,i f;dard .;a whg jxpkslj ,l=Kq ,nd .ekSu'

wjqreÿ folla fyda ;=kla mÈxÑh we;s whg o wjqreÿ myla iòyd ,l=Kq 35 la ,nd § uq`M ,l=Kq .Kk 88 ka by<g f.k f.dia we;' ksje/È f,i ,l=Kq 85"86"80"75 hkd§ jYfhka ,l=Kq ,nd .;a orejkag wjia:dj wysñ lr ;sfí' ,l=Kq 60 - 87 ;a w;r ixLHdjla ,nd .;a whÿïlrejkaf.a iaÒr mÈxÑ Tmamq yd wfkl=;a f,aLk 05 la iòyd ,eìh hq;= ,l=Kq ys;d u;d wvq lr we;' fmdfrd;a;= f,aLkfha isák whf.ka 90] la iòyd jxpdldÍ f,i ,l=Kq ,nd § ;sfí' iaÒr mÈxÑh fkdue;s whg iaÒr mÈxÑlrejkag ysñ ,l=Kq ,nd § ;sîu nrm;, ;;a;ajhls' Wod(- CO/897, 528/13 urodk" fld<U 10 mÈxÑh iòyka lr we;s wfmalaIlhdg ,l=Kq 95 la ,nd § we;' tfy;a ta ku Pkao kdu

f,aLkfha iòyka fkdfõ' mÈxÑh ud;r h' by; ksji bÈßmsg iaÒr mÈxÑh we;s CO/14 wfmalaIlhdg ,nd È we;af;a ,l=Kq 86 ls' fï wkaoñka CO .kh hgf;a wl%ñl;d isÿ ù we;s wxl úYd, m%udKhla ms<snòj f;dr;=re w,a,ia yd ¥IK fldñIka iNdfjka wOHlaIjrhd fj; fhduq lr we;' 2015'01'15 Èk isiqka nòjd .ekSfï wl%ñl;d ms<snò ckudOHfhka rgg fy<sorõ lsÍu ksid úÿy,am;sjrhd ;udf.ka m<sf.k we;ehs S.R.A.W.P iur;=x. uy;d mjihs' Tyqf.a orejdg ,eî we;s ,l=Kq ixLHdj 91 ls' tfy;a Tyq úÿy,g we;=<;a lrf.k fkd;sìK' ckm%sh mdi,aj,g m<uq jir yd wksl=;a mx;s iòyd isiqka we;=<;a lsÍfï l%ufõoh ksis whqßka l%shd;aul fkdjQ l, úÿy,am;sjrhd" mdi, yd wOHdmk moaO;sh ms<snò fouõmshkaf.a;a isiqkaf.a;a is;aj, we;s úYajdih ìò jefÜ' fï ksid úkdhdkql+,j yd kS;s .relj lghq;= lsÍu ksIaM, lghq;a;la njg is;Sug fm<fò' fuh Nhdkl ;;a;ajhls' isiq úkh msßySu flfrys o fï wkshñka n,mdhs' wfkla jeo.;a lreK kï uqo,a n,h yd iudc foaYmd,k n,h we;s mjq,aj, orejka ienE olaIhka wìnjd l%Svd yd ixialD;sl lafIa;%j, olaIhka f,i lemS fmkSuhs' fuh foaYSh yd cd;Hka;r ikao¾Nfhys miq.dó iudc ,laIKhla f,i krl m%;sM, ,efí' <uqka we;=<;a lr .ekSfï § w,a,ia .ekSfï l%shdoduh l=vd mdi,a lrdo jHdma; ùfï iajNdjhla mj;S' ,nd fok w,a,fiys m%udKh l=vd fõ' tfukau óg tfrysj idodpdrd;aul f,i lghq;= lrk úÿy,am;sjrekaf.a ksy`v lemùu t;rï m%lg ù ke;' wdkuvqj fldÜGdihg wh;a r<mkdj úÿyf,a úÿy,am;sjrhd wmQre wdo¾Yhla ,nd § we;' óg l,lg fmr ;u orejd mdi,g we;=<;a lr .ekSu iòyd úÿy,am;sjrhdg w,a,ila ,nd §ug bÈßm;a jQ msfhl=g o`vqjula ,eìKs' tu ovqju kï orejd mdi,g we;=<;a lr .ekSu iòyd nqre; me<hla /f.k tauh' mdi,g we;=<;a jQ od isg mdi,a yer hk Èkh olajd orejd tu me<h mdi,a ìfuys /l n,d .; hq;=h' miqj fï l%ufõoh isiqka we;=<;a lr .ekSfï § fmdÿfõ l%shd;aul úh' fï wkqj mdi,a úIh ud,djg wu;rj orejd iy me<h w;r wmQ¾j iy iïnkaO;djla f.dv ke`.=Ks' thska we;s jQfha iqyo ukils' l,la .; jkúg mdi,a ìfuys rela f.duqjla ks¾udKh úh' fï l%ufõoh tu fldÜGdifha úÿy,a 04 l wkq.ukh lsÍug úÿy,am;sjrhd iu;a úh' c, iïmdokh iòyd ks¾udKYS,S l%uhla Ndú;hg f.k we;' fï lsisÿ úÿy,l .=rejre mqoa.,sl mka;s fkdmj;aj;s' .=rejre lemùfuka W.kaj;s' fldÜGdifha fydòu m%;sM, úÿy,g ,nd fo;s' fuh wdo¾Y jHdmD;shla yeáhg cd;sl uÜgñka yÿkajd Èh yelsh'

mqoa.,sl mka;s .=rejreka mdi,a ld,fhka miqj yd we;eï úg mdi,a ld,fha § mqoa.,sl mka;s meje;aùu o wOHdmkfha nrm;, úlD;shls' .=re jD;a;shg wu;rj úYd, Okhla Wmhd .ekSu Tjqkaf.a wNs,dIhhs' tfy;a mj;sk kS;sh wkqj fm!oa.,sl jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k hk .=rejrekag ;ykï h' ;u ish jeks ckau Èkh miql< ú,shï is[a[da kue;s .=rejrhd 1930 oYlfha § .=re jD;a;sh Ndr f.k we;af;a fr.=,dis lsysmhlg tl`. ùfuka miqjh' fjk;a jD;a;shl fyda jHdmdrhl kshe,Sfuka j,lsk nj fmdfrdkaÿ ù we;' oYl lsysmhlg miqj j¾;udkfhys olakg we;af;a Bg yd;amiskau fjk;a ;;a;ajhls' mqoa.,sl mx;s jHdmdr .Kfhys,d ie,fla o hkak kS;suh jYfhka újdodmkak lreKla úh yelsh' tfy;a th .=rejrhdf.a wdpdr O¾uj,g w;sYhska wod< ksoyia wOHdmkh ì<sf.k we;s mqoa.,sl mka;s ksid we;s ù ;sfnk jHdl+, ;;a;ajh fufia h'

1. mqoa.,sl mka;s mj;ajk .=rejrhd ;u úIh lreKq mdi,a ld,fha § yßyeá 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

b.ekaùfuka je,lSu' fufia ;u mqoa.,sl mka;shg isiqka woaojd .ekSu iòyd jl% n,mEula flf¾' mqoa.,sl mx;sfha § .=rejrhd újD; yeisÍula fmkakqï lrhs' ckm%sh Wml%u wkq.ukh lrhs' fï wkqj mdif,a § tu .=rejrhd flfrys ;snQ f.!rjh yd ms<s .ekSu wfydais fõ' úYd, uqo,a m%udKhla áhqIka mka;s iòyd jeh lsÍug isÿ ùfuka foudmshka mSvdjg ,la ù we;' mdi,a úkhg imqrd fjkiaj hñka isiqyq fndre ùrhkag wdila; fj;s' isiqka mqoa.,sl mka;sj,g iyNd.S ùfuka ,efnk wiSñ; ksoyi jerÈ f,i Ndú;hg .ekSu' isiqkaf.a ±kqu" l=i,;d wdl,am j¾Okh lsSÍfï wNs,dIh fjkqjg jdKsc wruqK wkqj .=rejrhd lghq;= lrhs' áhqIka mx;s iòyd uqo,a jeh lsÍfï yelshdj fkdue;s isiqkag mdif,a §u yßyeá wOHdmkhla fkd,eîfuka widOdrKhla isÿ fõ'

mqoa.,sl áhqIka lv jHdmdrhla njg m;a ùu Tiafia mdi,a wOHdmk moaO;shg ù we;s ydksh ms<sn`o .eUqre l;sldj;la we;s úh hq;=h' fuh wOHdmkfha úlD;shls' ixialD;sl úúO;ajh" udkj ohdj" iyÔjkh y`ÿkd.;a YsIag iïmkak ñksfil= ìysùu fjkqjg ±kqu muKla we;s wixfõ§ rgjeisfhl= ks¾udKh ùu iudc mßydksfha ,laIKhls' wOHdmkh hkq fjf<`o .kqfokqjla fkdfõ' tfia fyhska wOHdmk m%;sixialrKhl wjYH;dj wka ljrodlgj;a jvd j;aukg wod<h'

wúêu;a uqo,a wh lsÍu úúO lghq;= iòyd mdi, ;=< § uqo,a wh lsÍu ydks lr m%jk;djla yeáhg j¾Okh ù mj;S' uqo,a wh lsÍu ms<snò ksl=;a lr we;s pl%f,aLj,g mgyeksj l%shd lrk wjia:d fndfyda úÿy,aj,ska jd¾;d fõ' 5$2015 wOHdmk wud;HdxY f,alïjrhd ksl=;a l< pl%f,aLh u`.ska mdi,aj, wúêu;a uqo,a mßyrKh iïnkaOfhka ishü m<d;a wOHdmk f,alïjreka" m<d;a wOHdmk wOHlaIjreka" l,dm wOHdmk wOHlaIjreka" fldÜGdiNdr ksfhdacH iyldr wOHdmk wOHlaIjreka yd úÿy,am;sjreka ±kqïj;a lr we;' tfy;a mdi,a ixj¾Ok iñ;s" wdÈ YsIH ix.ï" mka;s lj yd iqNidOk ix.ï u`.ska wúêu;a f,i uqo,a wh lr .ekSu È.ska È.gu isÿfõ' fï wh lsÍu iòyd l=ú;dkaishla ksl=;a lrkq ,nkafka l,d;=rlsks' mx;s lj j, úúO lghq;= iòyd uqo,a wh lsÍu foudmshkaf.a ueÈy;a ùu u; isÿlrk ksid fï ms<snò úfrdaOhla mek fkdk`.S' fïjd ms<snò ksis whjeh f,aLkhla o fkdue;' 5$2015 pl%f,aLfhys wOHdmk wud;HdxY f,alïjrhd fufia iòyka lrhs' zzfï ksfhda.h meyeryßñka l%shd lrk wjia:d fjf;d;a ta iòyd úÿy,am;sjre iDcqj j.lsj hq;= w;r tjeks uqo,a wh lsÍï fyda tla /ia lsÍï Wfoid lsisÿ mqoa.,fhl=g wjir §u iDcqj fyda jl%j fkdl< hq;=h' hï fyhlska wud;HdxY f,alïf.a wjirhlska f;drj fujeks uqo,a wh lsÍula isÿ jqjfyd;a wod< mqoa.,hkag tfrysj ±ä l%shdud¾. .kq ,nk nj wjOdrKh lrñZZ' tfy;a fuu ksfhda.h lv flfrk wjia:d iq,Nh' hï mdi,l úÿy,am;sjrfhl= yg ksis mßÈ l=ú;dkais ksl=;a lr uqo,a wh lr .; yels wjia:d 1. wkqu; myiqlï yd fiajd .dia;= 2. mdif,a w;HjYH úhoï imqrd .ekSu ^úÿ,sh" ÿrl:k ì," wdrlaIl úhoï& w;HjYH úhoï ;Skaÿ lsÍfï yd whlr .ekSfï mámdáh pl%f,aLfha olajd we;' fuu mámdáhg wkqj w;HdjYH úhoï ,ehsia;=jla iïmdokh l< hq;=h' th mqfrdal:kh l< hq;=h' tla isiqfjl= f.úh hq;= uqo,a m%udKh" ;Skaÿ lsÍfuka miqj th wOHdmk wud;HdxYfhka mjd wkque;sh ,nd .; hq;=h' tfy;a th kshudldrfhka isÿ fkdfõ' WodyrK (- fld<U m%Odk mdi,l mdi,a ixj¾Ok iñ;sfha .sKqï jd¾;d yd .sKqï ;eîfï f,c¾ jxpd iy.; f,i jßka jr ,shd fjkia lsÍu iïnkaOfhka rcfha ú.Kldêm;sjrhd fj; meñKs,a,la bÈßm;a lr we;' M,odhS wOHdmkhla iòyd jQ cd;sl jHdmdrh" úoHd,h iq/lSfï ix.uh wdÈ YsIHhka hkd§ lKavdhï .Kkdjla fï fpdaokd m;%h f.dkq lsÍug odhl ù ;sfí' tu f,aLkfha iòyka jk mßÈ úÿyf,a mdi,a ixj¾Ok iñ;s .sKqu hgf;a jd¾Islj remsh,a ñ,shk mky blaujd wdodhï yd úhoï isÿlrkq ,nhs' fuys mdroDYH Ndjhla ke;' pl%f,aL kshuhka yd uqo,a fr.=,dis kshuhkag wkql+,j th isÿ fkdfõ' 2014 yd 2015 j¾Ihkays udisl .sKqï jd¾;d lsisjla mdi,a ixj¾Ok lñgq /iaùug bÈßm;a lr ke;'

whjeh weia;fïka;= mdi,a ixj¾Ok iñ;sfha wjOdkhg ,la lr ke;' rcfha fiajlfhl= fkdjk mqoa.,fhl=g re' 28"000$- l jegqmla f.jd .sKqï jd¾;d ilia lr we;' fï wkaofï .eg¨ Èjhsfka m%uqL fmf<a mdi,a .Kkdjlska y`ÿkd.; yel' fpdaokdj t,a, jk l,ays úÿy,am;sjre iudc n,h fukau we;eï úg foaYmd,k n,h o Wmfhda.S lrf.k fpdaokd k`.kakka ìhg m;a lsÍug W;aidy lr;s' wOHdmk wud;HdxY pl%f,aL wxl 2012$34 u.ska mdi,aj, msyskqï ;gdl" Y%jKd.dr" r`.y,a yd l%Svd ixlS¾K l<ukdlrKh iïnkaOfhka ishü n,OdÍka ±kqj;a lr we;' tfy;a fun`ÿ bÈ lsÍï iòyd wjYH l%ufõoh ksis mßÈ wkq.ukh fkdlrkq fmfka' pl%f,aLhg wkqj rcfha wruqo,ska fyda ndysr mß;Hd.j,ska rchg wh;a úÿy,a N+ñhl lrkq ,nk bÈ lsÍïj, mQ¾K whs;sh rch i;= úh hq;= h' Bg ish¨ u iïm;a mdif,a iïm;a f,i wod< f,aLkj, we;=<;a l< hq;=h' tajd mßyrKh" kv;a;=j yd w¨;ajeähdj" ld¾h uKav, nòjd.ekSï yd §ukd fr.=,disj,g wkq.; úh hq;=h' tfy;a fï l%shdj,sfha § úÿy,am;s bÈlsÍï fldka;%d;alrejka yd ;ereõlrejka w;r úYd, uqo,a wj Ndú;hla isÿfõ' úÿy,aj, jdr úNd. iòyd m%Yak m;% uqøKh lsÍu" fldÜGdi uÜgñka isÿùfï§ o nrm;< uqo,a wl%ñl;d isÿ fõ' tfukau m%Yak m;%j, m%ñ;sh iïnkaOfhka o .eg¨ we;s ù ;sfí' m%Yak m;% iòyd uqo,a f.ùfï yelshdj fkdue;s ÿmam;a isiqkag jdr úNd.hg fmkS isàfï wjia:dj wysñ ùfï isÿ ùï o jd¾;d fõ' fj,a,iai r;=., úÿyf,a bf.kqu ,nk wdÈ jdiSskaf.a orejka msßilg úNd. hg fmkS isàfï wjia:dj fkd,eî .sfha m%Yak m;%j,g f.úh hq;= uqo,a Tjqkag fkd;snQ fyhska h' m%Yak m;% uqøKh lsÍu" th ilia lsÍu iy isiqka w;g m;a lsÍu" wl%ñl;djkag f.dÿre ùu" nrm;< .eg¨jls' ksfrda.S wOHdmkhla iy;sl lsÍu iòyd mdi,a moaO;sfhka ish¨ lghq;= úksúo Ndjhlska isÿúh hq;=h' wOHdmkfha wruqK YsIag iïmkak rg jeisfhl= ks¾udKh lsÍu jk fyhska wYsIag l%ufõohla Tiafia th isÿ l< fkdyel'

mdiafmdaÜ lkaf;darefõ ÿieß mdÜ Y%S,d,a fifkúr;ak fudag¾ r: m%jdyk fomd¾;fïka;=jg t,a, jk úúO fpdaokd w;ßka jeä m%udKhla t,a, jkafka ßhÿre n,m;% ksl=;a lsrSfï wl%ñl;d iïnkaofhks' ksis l%ufõo wkq.ukh lrk whÿïlrejka wmyiq;djhg m;a lrñka Tjqka w,a,ig fhduq lsÍfï m%jK;djla o l%shd;aul jk whqre fuu ,smsfhka fy<sorõ flf¾'

rdcH mßmd,kh úIfhys muKla fkdj rdcHfha wdodhu úIfhyso iqúfYaIS jk rdcH wdh;k w;r wd.uk ú.uk fomd¾;fïka;=j iy fudag¾ r: m%jdyk fomd¾;fïka;=j bÈßfhkau isà' 1948 wxl 20 orK mk; u`.ska wd.uk ú.uk fomd¾;fïka;=j ia:dms; lrkq ,enqfõ cd;sl wdrlaIdj yd iudc yr moaO;sh iqrlaIs; lsßu iy wd¾:sl ixj¾Okhg bv m%ia:d i,iñka ráka neyerjkakka yd rg ;=<g we;=¿jkakka kshdukh lsßu iy mqrjeis fiajd iemhSu Wfoidh' 1949 jif¾ fkdjeïn¾ ui m<uqfjksod isg wd.uk ú.uk mk; l%shdjg kexùu;a iu`. ia:dms; l< fï wdh;kfha ld¾h Ndrhka w;r Y%S ,dxlsl mqrjeishka fkdjk fjk;a mqoa.,hka rgg we;=`Mùu md,kh lsÍu" Y%S ,dxlsl mqrjeishka iy Y%S ,dxlsl fkdjk mqoa.,hka rfgka msgùu md,kh lsÍu" Y%S ,dxlSh mqrjeishka fkdjk wkjYH mqoa.,hka rfgka neyer lsÍu fyda by; i|yka lreKq yd iïnkaO úêúOdk ilia lsÍu o fõ' wd.uk ú.uk mkf;a 4 j.ka;sfha úêúOdk m%ldrj m;aflfrk wdh;k m%Odkshd jk wd.uk ú.uk md,ljrhdg iy Tyq hgf;a l%shd;aul jk wfkl=;a ks,OdÍkag wd.uk ú.uk mk; u`.ska fyda ta hgf;a m%odkh lr we;s" mkjd we;s fyda mjrd we;s n,;," rdcldÍka" l%shdldrlï l%shdfõ fhoùug" bIag lsÍug iy ,nd§ug n,h mjrd we;' Y%S ,dxlsl fkdjk mqoa.,hka rg ;=<g we;=`Mùu mkf;a III jk fldgfia úêúOdk u`.ska md,kh lr ;sfí' wkqu; we;=`Mùfï f;dgqm,j,a" we;=`Mùfï§ wjYH jkakdjQ ,shlshú,s" Y%S ,xldjg we;=`Mùug yd rg ;=< /¢ isàug wjYH ùid" meñKSfï§ wjYH ffjoH iy wfkl=;a mÍlaIK" mqoa.,hka iy Tjqkaf.a nvqndysrdÈh mÍlaId lsÍu" Y%S ,xldfõ r|jd .kakd iy ,xldfjka bj;a lrk mqoa.,hka hk lreKq fuys úIh m:hg wh;afõ' mkf;a IV jk fldgi u`.ska m%odkh lr we;s n,;, u`.ska Y%S ,dxlsl fkdjk mqoa.,hka ,xldfõ /¢ isák ld,h ;=, isÿlrk l%shdldrlï mÍlaId lsÍugo wd.uk ú.uk fomd¾;fïka;=jg n,h mejf¾' Y%S ,dxlsl fkdjk mqoa.,hka wjYH úg§ Y%S ,xldfjka bj;a lsÍu fyda msgqjy,a lsÍu mkf;a V iy VI fldgia j,ska m%odkh lr we;s n,;, u.ska isÿ l< yelsh' mkf;a VII jk fldgi u`.ska mqoa.,hka Y%S ,xldfjka neyer ùu md,kh lsÍfï úêúOdk mkjd we;' neyer ùu i|yd wkqu; f;dgqm<j,a" j,x.= .uka n,m;%hl wjYH;djh' ta yd iïnkaO fr.=,dis ieliSug wod< úêúOdk fuu fldgfia wvx.= fõ' fuu fldgfia úêúOdk Y%S ,dxlsl mqrjeishkag fukau úfoaYslhkag o wod< fõ' wkqu; we;=`M ùfï ia:dkj,§ Y%S ,dxlsl fkdjk mqoa.,hkaf.a .uka ,sms f,aLkj,g wjYH mßÈ msgik fh§u" we;=`Mùfï ia:dkj, Y%S ,xld mqrjeishka fkdjk mqoa.,hkaf.a f,aLkhla ;nd .ekSu iy mj;ajd f.k hdu" neyer ùfï ia:dkj,§ Y%S ,xldfjka neyer jk mqo.,hkaf.a .uka ,smsf,aLk uqød ;eîu iy ta ms<sn| jd¾;d mj;ajdf.k hdu" wkqu; f;dgqm<j,a j, § Y%S ,xldjg we;=`Mjk yd Y%S ,xldfjka neyer jk mqoa.,hka y÷kd .ekSu o fomd¾;fïka;=j i;= ld¾hNdrhls' 48

wd.uk ú.uk mk; u`.ska fyda ta hgf;a mjrd we;s n,;, l%shdfõ fhoùu" wd.uk ú.uk mk; u.ska mjrd we;s rdcldÍka bIag lsÍu" Y%S ,dxlsl fkdjk mqoa.,hkag Y%S ,xldjg we;=`Mùug iy /£ isàug ùid ksl=;a lsÍu iy udhsï md,kh" Y%S ,dxlsl mqrjeishkag .uka ,smsf,aLk ksl=;a lsßu wkqu; l< r|jd .ekSfï ia:dk mj;ajd f.k hdu ^48 jk j.ka;sh&" mk;a u`.ska fyda ta hgf;a ilia l< úêúOdk W,a,x>kh l< úg mÍlaIK meje;aùu" by; i|yka l< l%shdldrlï yd iïnkaO f;dr;=re iy jd¾;d mj;ajdf.k hdu iy kv;a;= lsÍu fomd¾;fïka;=fõ l%shdldrlïh' Y%S ,xld úfoaY .uka n,m;%" yÈis wjia:d iy;sl" wkkH;d iy;sl" mÈxÑh ms<sn| ùid" iïm%dma;s ùid n,m;% ^Visit visa& iy ud¾.ia: ^transit& ùid n,m;% m%odkh lsÍug fyda ksl=;a lsÍug o kS;sfhka n,h mejÍ we;af;a o wd.uk ú.uk fomd¾;fïka;=jgh' rdcH wdrlaIdj iy mßmd,kh úIhfhys wd.uk iy ú.uk fomd¾;fïka;=j fld;rï ;SrKd;aul wdh;khla o hkak fï wkqj meyeÈ,sh' tu lghq;= ksis mßÈ bgq lsÍfï j.lSu iy n,h mejÍ we;af;a wdh;kfha m%Odkshd jk wd.uk ú.uk md,ljrhdgh' úfoaY .uka n,m;% ksl=;a lsÍu" ùid ksl=;a lsÍu wd§ jYfhka jk úúO lghq;= i|yd fjk fjku wxY fomd¾;fïka;=j ;=< msysgqjd we;s w;r ta ish,a, Rcq f,iu wd.uk ú.uk md,ljrhdf.a wëlaIKh hgf;a l%shd;aul fõ' wd.uk ú.uk fomd¾;fïka;=j fï wdldrfhka l%shd;aul jk w;r tu`.ska uyck;dj fj; iemfhk iEu fiajdjla fjkqfjkau lsishï .dia;= whlsÍula isÿ flf¾' fuf,i whflfrk .dia;= taldnoaO wruqo,g ner lsÍu u`.ska th rdcH wdodhug wka;¾.%yKh flf¾' tf,i ,eìh hq;= wdodhu l=uk fyda fya;=jla u; rchg fkd,eî hkafka kï th rdcH uq,H úIfhys jxpdjla" ¥IKhla fyda wjNdú;hla jkafkah' zzmdiafmdaÜ lkaf;darejZZ f,iska ckjyf¾ ye¢kafjk zzwd.uk iy ú.uk fomd¾;fïka;=jZZ w,a,i" ¥IKh rc lrk ia:dkhla njg ck;dj w;r uy;a m%isoaêhla Wiq,hs' udOH jd¾;d u`.ska o jßka jr tjeks isÿùï ms<sn| wkdjrKh lrhs' fomd¾;fïka;=j ksfhdackh lrk jD;a;Sh iñ;s ksfhdað;hka iu`. fï ms<sn| l< idlÉPdjkays§ tlS cku;h iy udOH wkdjrKhka mQ¾K jYfhkau ksjerÈ njg Tjqyq lreKq ±lajQy' tu ÿießfha kshuqjd jkafka wd.uk ú.uk md,ljrhd nj o Tjqyq fmkajd ÿkay' wd.uk ú.uk md,l ;k;=r hkq ÿ.sfhl= b;d flá l,lska fldaám;sfhl= njg m;a lrk úYañ; ;k;=rla nj w;S;fha tu ;k;=r ±rEjka ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrñka Tjqyq wjOdrKh l<y' w;ßka wêlrKh bÈßfha Tmamq jQ tla wjia:djla fufiah' th Tmamq lr.; yelsjkafka o jir 16la ;siafia w,a,ia fldñiu úiska bÈßhg f.k .sh ÿIalr kvq lghq;a;l wjidkfha ùu o úfYaIfhka wjOdkhg ,laúh hq;=h' 90 oYlfha uq,a Nd.fha wd.uk ú.uk md,ljrhd f,i lghq;= lf<a fÊ'ta' wdßhfiak h' Tyq ,nd.;a w,a,ia uqo,a fhdojñka isÿlrkq ,en we;s foam, ñ,§ .ekSï iy wdfhdack 8la iïnkaOfhka w,a,ia fldñiug ,enqKq meñKs,a,lg

wkqj fldñiu úu¾Ykhla werUQfha 1996 jif¾§h' tys§ fy<sorõ l< fkdyels ud¾.j,ska flá ld,hla ;=< úYd, jYfhka foam, w;am;a lr.ekSu iy wdfhdack isÿlsÍï u; Tyqg úreoaOj t,a, flreKq fpdaokd ixLHdj wgls' ta ish,a, fjkqfjka ksoyig lreKq ±laùug fldñiu Tyqg idOdrK ld,hla ,nd ÿkafkah' tu ld,h ;=< fpdaokd 6la ksIam%Ndjk wdldrfhka lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍug fyf;u iu;ajqjo fpdaokd folla iïnkaOfhka iEySulg m;ajk wdldrfhka lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍug Tyq wiu;aúh' Tyq 1994 ud¾;= ui 31fjksod iy 1995 ud¾;= ui 31 fjksod w;r ld,h ;=< .,alsiai ujqkaÜ wejkHqys msysá ksfjila iys; bvula remsh,a ,laI 22lg ñ,§ f.k ;sîu iy ish ìßhf.a kug fld,a¨msáh rdcH Wlia yd wdfhdack nexl=fõ .sKqula újD; fldg remsh,a ,laI folla tys ;ekam;a fldg ;sîu tu fpdaokdjkah' wjidkfha w,a,ia fldñiu tu fpdaokd fol hgf;a muKla fld<U uydêlrKh yuqfõ wd.uk ú.uk md,l fÊ'ta' wdßhfiakg tfrysj kvq mjrk ,È' tu kvq lghq;a; jir 16la ;siafia úNd.hg .eKqkq w;r wjidkfha ú;a;slre tlS fpdaokdjkag jerÈlre njg l=i,d ifrdaðKS ùrj¾Ok uydêlrK úksiqrejßh ;Skaÿ l<dh' jrfoys iajdNdjh wkqj o~qju oi jirl isr o~qjula jqjo ú;a;slre frda.Sfhl= njg o" úhm;a njg o" wn, ÿn, njg o Tyqf.a kS;s{hka l< lreKq ±laùï ie<ls,a,g f.k úksiqrejßh th w;aysgjQ isr o~qjula njg m;a l<dh' wu;rj remsh,a ,laI 66l ovhla o ú;a;slreg kshu l< w;r th fkdf.jkafka kï nrm;, jev we;sj ;j;a udi 18l isr o~qjula kshu l<dh' kvq ;Skaÿj m%ldYhg m;a lrñka úksiqrejßh mejiqfha rgg wdo¾Yu;a mqrjeisfhl= f,i fiajh l< hq;= jQ mqoa.,fhl= ;u wdodhu by< kkajd .ekSu i|yd fuf,i w,a,ia .ekSu my;a lghq;a;la njh' meñKs,a, fjkqfjka fmkS isáfha rcfha fcHIaG kS;s{ Yks,a l=,r;akh' Tyq wêlrKh bÈßfha l< lreKq ±laùu o úfYaI wjOdkhg ,laúh hq;=h' th fufiah' zzrcfha fiajlfhl= ish rdcldßh foaj ldßh f,i i<ld lghq;= l< hq;=hs' rcfha ks,Odßfhl= <`.g f.dia ;u lghq;a; bgq lr fok f,i b,a,k idudkH ñksfil=f.ka w,a,ia .ekSu mdm l¾uhls' tu mdml¾uh l< whg rc ld,fha§;a ±ä o~qjï § ;sfnkjd' fuu ú;a;slre wd.uk ú.uk md,ljrhd f,i lghq;= l< iufha§ ´kEu fj,djl ´kEu wfhl=g úfoaY .uka n,m;%hla ksl=;a lsÍfï n,h Tyq i;=j ;snqKd' hqoaOh meje;s tu iufha fldá ;%ia;jd§ka fydr úfoaY .uka n,m;%j,ska úfoaY .;jQ njg m%pdrhka me;sr ;snqKd' rcfha fiajlfhl= úiska w;am;a lr.kakd foam< ms<sn|j ish j;alï m%ldYj, i|yka l< hq;= jqjo ú;a;slre tf,i lghq;= lr keye' rdcH fiajdfõ ksr;ù isák ks,Odßkag yd rdcH fiajhg tlaùug n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka isákakkag;a mdvula jk f,i fuu ú;a;slreg o~qjï kshu l< hq;=hs'ZZ jD;a;Sh iñ;s ksfhdað;fhda wjOdrKh lf<a fï f,i wh:d whqßka uqo,a bmehQ tlu md,ljrhd fÊ'ta' wdßhfiak fkdjk njh' wd.uk ú.uk md,l ;k;=rg m;ajk ish¨ fokdu fï my;a lghq;af;a

tlf,i kshef<k kuq;a Tjqkag tfrysj kS;sh l%shd;aul fkdjk nj Tjqyq m%ldY l<y' Tjqyq fmkajd ÿkafka md,ljrhd w,a,ia ,nd.kafka fomd¾;fïka;=j úfYaI wxY lsysmhl m%OdkSka iu`. ie,iqï iy.;j njh' tu l%shdj,shg odhl jk ish¨ ks,Odßkag ta ta Èkh wjidkfha ;ukag ysñ fldgia uqo, ,efnk njo Tjqyq mejiQy' wd.uk ú.uk fomd¾;fïka;=j ;=< w,a,ia .ekSu isÿjkafka ryis.; lghq;a;la f,i fkdj m%isoaêfhauh' ta ;e/õlrejka ud¾.fhks' j¾;udkfha mqxÑ fnd/,a, uxikaêh wdikakfha msysá wd.uk ú.uk fomd¾;fïka;= m%Odk ld¾hd,hg we;=`Mjk ia:dkh wjg Wfoa isg ijia jk ;=re ;e/õlrejka fm< ie§ isákq ±lsh yelsh' úfoia .uka n,m;% ,nd. ekSu m%uqLj fomd¾;fïka;=fjka iemfhk úúO fiajd ,nd.ekSug meñfKk ´kEu wfhl= fj; ksoyfia msúi Tjqkaf.a lghq;a;g iydh ±laùug ;e/ õlrejka bÈßm;a jkafka iafjÉPdfjkauh' meñfKk mqoa.,hdf.a ;rd;sru wd§ lsisjla ms<sn| lsisÿ úfYaI ie<ls,a,la fkdolajk ;e/õlrefjda zzuy;a;hd$fkdakd mdiafmdaÜ tlla .kako@ZZ hs lshñka Tjqka fj; m%fõY fj;s' fndfyda úg fiajd,dNSkag ish lghq;= bgq lr.kakd wdldrh ms<sn| ukd jegySula fkdue;slñka Tjqka ;e/õlrejkaf.a .%yKhg ,lafj;s' fomd¾;fïka;=fjka idudkH l%ufõoh hgf;a iemfhk ´kEu fiajdjla jvd;a myiqfjka iy ld¾hlaIuj ,nd§ug úfYaI yelshdjla fï ;e/õlrejka i;=h' ta Tjqyq fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ks,Odßka iu`. mj;ajdf.k hk zzw,a,ia iïnkaO;dZZ fya;=fjks' wjYH jkafka ta i|yd úfYaI wu;r .dia;=jla ;e/õlrejkag f.ùu muKls' tu .dia;=j bgq lr.kakd ld¾hh" Bg ueÈy;ajk ;e/õlre iy fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ks,Odßka wkqj tlsfklg fjkiah' úfoia .uka n,m;% ksl=;a lsÍu idudkH iy tlaÈk jYfhka l%u follska isÿ flf¾' idudkH l%uh hgf;a .uka n,m;%hla ,nd.ekSug jev lrk Èk 10 l ld,hla .;jk w;r wh flfrk .dia;=j remsh,a 3000$-ls' tlaÈk fiajh hgf;a tÈku .uka n,m;%h ,nd.ekSug yelshdj ,efnk w;r ta i|yd jk .dia;=j remsh,a 10"000$-ls' ÿießh ;Èkau l%shd;aul jkafka tla Èk fiajdj hgf;a .uka n,m;% ksl=;a lsÍfï l%shdj,sh ;=<§h' fï hgf;a .uka n,m;% whÿï lrkakkag idudkHfhka Wfoa isg ijia jk f;la fomd¾;fïka;=fõ /§ isàug isÿfõ' fndfyda úg .uka n,m;%h w;g ,efnkafka Èkh wjidkfha§h" tfy;a ;e/õlrefjl= u`.ska bÈßm;a flfrk whÿïm;%hla u`.ska .uka n,m;%hla ,nd.ekSug .; jkafka jeäu jqjfyd;a mehls' kef;d;a Bg álla jeä ld,hls' ;e/õlre ta i|yd whlrk .dia;=j remsh,a 15"000$ls' 10"000$- wdh;ksl l%shdj,sh i|ydh' b;sß 5000$- ÿießfha fhfokakka w;r fnod.ekSu i|ydh' tlS l%shdj,sh isÿjk wdldrh ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=fõ fiajlfhl= meyeÈ,s lrkafka fuf,isks'

zz fïl i,a,s wdlrhla' tl tl fya;=j,g mdiafmdaÜ yokak wh fu;kg tkjd' ta tk jevj,ska 800la ú;r ojilg fydr mdfrka ;uhs isoaO fjkafka' t<sfha bkak ;e/õldrfhdhs we;=f<a whhs w;r iïnkaOhla ;shkjd' jefâ lr,d fok we;=f,a wh tlaflda yjig ;e/õlrejkaf.ka ;ukaf.a uqo, .kakjd' iuyre lEu fj,djg" f;a fj,djg mdiafmdaÜ tl;a wrf.k t<shg weú;a ta fj,dfju .Kka ys,õ fír.k hkjd' ;j;a iuyr wh ;=Kavqjla fok úÈyg i,a,s .kakjd'ZZ ueo fmrÈ. rgj, zz.Dy fiaúldZZ m%uqLj úúO /lshd i|yd j¾;udkfha úYd, jYfhka msßia úfoia.; fj;s' jy,a fj<odfï kj m%jK;djh jk fuys f.dÿre njg m;ajkafkda nyq;rh iudcfha idfmalaIj my< ia:r ksfhdackh lrkafkdah' Tjqkag zzúfoia .uka n,m;%hla ,nd.ekSuZZ mjd nrm;< ldrKhla jkafka Tjqkaf.a wdl,am" ±kqu iy iudc ;;a;ajfha mj;sk ÿ¾j,;d fya;=fjks' tu ;;a;ajh ÿießfha fhfok ;e/õlrejka iy ks,Odßka ish miqïìh mqrjd .ekSu i|yd Ndú;d lr;s' ta jHdc f;dr;=re we;=<;a .uka n,m;% ksl=;a lsÍu u`.sks' zzfydr mdiafmdaÜZZ f,iska ye¢kafjkafka tjeks .uka n,m;%h' jir lsysmhlg fmr fi!È wrdìfha§ f., is| urKhg m;a l< Y%S ,dxflah ;reKsh ßidkdg ksis jhi iïmQ¾K lsÍug fmr úfoia .uka n,m;%hla ksl=;a lrkq ,en ;snqfKa o tf,isks' or lemSu Ôjk jD;a;Sh lr.;a uq;+¾ m%foaYfha mÈxÑlrejl=f.a ore fofokdf.ka tla wfhl= jQfha ßidkd k*Slah' weh fi!È wrdìfha .Dy fiaúld /lshdjla i|yd msg;a fldg hjkq ,en ;snqfKa jhi wjqreÿ 17§h' úfoia .uka n,m;%hla ksl=;a flfrkafka jhi wjqreÿ 18 iïmQ¾K jQjkag muKla neúka wehf.a Wmka Èkh f,i fjk;a Èkhla fhdod .uka n,m;%h ksl=;a lrkq ,en ;sìK' fi!È wrdìfha ksfjil ì<s÷ orefjl= n,d.ekSu wehg mejreKq .Dy fiaúld ldßfha m%uqL wx.h úh' weh ndrfha isáh§ fï ì<sÿ orejd lsishï fya;=jlska ñh f.dia ;snqKq w;r ñkS ueÍfï fpdaokdj hgf;a fi!È wrdìfha wêlrKhlska urK o~qju kshu lrkq ,enQ weh jir 8lg miqj f.< is| urd oukq ,enqfõ f,dj mqrd udkj ysñlï ixúOdkj,ska ke`.=Kq úfrdaO;d mjd ie<ls,a,g fkd.ksñks' jHdc mdiafmdaÜ ieliSu i|yd fhdodf.k we;s cd;sl ye÷kqïm;a wxl ;=kla fuys bÈßm;a flfrkafka wjYH kï fidhd n,d lreKq ;yjqre lr.ekSu i|ydh' 898296318v 878006712v 750426662v fuf,i jHdc .uka n,m;% ksl=;a flreKq cd;sl ye÷kqïm;a wxl rdYshla jD;a;Sh iñ;s ksfhdað;hka úiska wm fj; ,nd § ;sfí'

úfoia .uka n,m;% ksl=;a lsÍfï§ idudkH jYfhka isÿjk fï ÿießhg wu;rj úfYaIs; wdldrfhka ÿießh l%shd;aul jk wxY lsysmhlao fomd¾;fïka;=j ;=< ;sfí' wêlrK ksfhda. u`.ska úfoia .uka ;ykï lrk ,o mqoa.,hka iïnkaOfhka jk lghq;= fufyhjk wxYh bka tlls' lsishï fya;=jla u; wêlrKh mqoa.,fhl=g úfoia .uka ;ykula mekjQ úg ta ms<sn| wd.uk ú.uk md,ljrhdg ±kqï fokq ,efí' túg tu mqoa.,hdf.a .uka n,m;%fha f;dr;=re .=jka .uka md,ljrhdg ,nd§ Tyq fyda weh ráka msgùu je<elaùu wd.uk ú.uk md,ljrhdf.a j.lSu fõ' tu j.lSu meyer yeÍu u`.ska ie<lsh hq;= uqo,la tljr Wmhd .kakg wd.uk ú.uk md,ljrhdg yelshdj mj;S' jD;a;Sh iñ;s ksfhdað;fhda fmkajd ÿkafka ta wdldrfhka o fomd¾;fïka;=j ;=< ÿießh l%shd;aul jk njh' my; ±lafjkafka wêlrKh bÈßfha ;yjqre jQ tjeks tla wjia:djls'

wp,d úl%ukdhl lvqfj, m%foaYfha mÈxÑ ;reKshls' weh l,la wh.u hiiaiS kï NslaIqjl iu`. ióm weiqrla meje;aùh' tys wjika m%;sm,h jQfha NslaIqjg odj wp,dg orejl= ms<sis| .ekSuh' weh ta nj NslaIqjg ±kajQ úg NslaIqj wehg fmdfrdkaÿ jQfha ta Èkj, ;uka kshq;=j isák fndÿ n, fiakd ixúOdkfha l%shdldrlïj,ska bj;aù blaukskau wE újdy lr.kakd njh' NslaIqjf.a fmdfrdkaÿj úYajdi l< wp,d NslaIqj iu`. meje;s iïnkaOh ;jÿrg;a mj;ajdf.k .shdh' ta w;r NslaIqj wef.ka b,a,Sula lf<ah' ta újdyùfuka miq iajhx /lshdjl ksr;ùug jEka r:hla ñ,§ .ekSu i|yd uqo,la ,ndfok f,ih' ish l=i ;=< jefvk orejdf.a mshd lrk tu b,a,Su i<ld wp,d remsh,a oy;=ka ,laI mkiaoyil uqo,la NslaIqjg ,ndÿkakdh' NslaIqj tu uqo,a fhdojd jEka r:hla ñ,§ .;a w;r th jeä jYfhka fhojqfKa fndÿ n, fiakd ixúOdkfha lghq;= i|ydh' fï w;r újdyh Èfkka Èk mud ùu uq,a fldg .ksñka fofokd w;r u;fNao yg.kakg;a tajd w~ onr olajd ÿr È. hdug;a mgka .;af;ah' túg weh NslaIqjf.ka ;u uqo,a b,a,d isá wjia:dfõ NslaIqj wehg f,a yef,k f;la myr§ m,d .sfhah' wjidkfha msfhl= fkdue;s ore .enla iu`. ysia w;ska wehg hkakg isÿjQfha kS;sfha ms<sirK me;Sugh' wehf.a meñKs,a, u; fmd,sish wêlrKhg lreKq jd¾;d l< kuq;a iellre fmd,sish iy wêlrKh u`.yer isáfhah' túg lvqfj, ufyaia;%d;a wêlrKfhka iellre w;awvx.=jg .kakd f,i jfrka;= ksl=;a lrñka iellreg ráka m,dhdug fkdyels jk fia ;ykï ksfhda.hla o mekùh' ta 2013 ckjdß 07fjksodh' tfy;a ál Èkla hkúg NslaIqj ±l.kakg fkdue;s úh'

iellre fkdue;sj kvqj úNd. fjñka mj;sk w;r fmd,sia mßmd,k ÿla.ekú,s úi÷ï wêldßfha ia:dkdêm;sjrhd wp,dg ±kqï ÿkafka ^2013 jif¾ ud¾;= 22 jk Èk& iellre úfoaY .;ù we;s njh' 2013 foieïn¾ 07 jk Èk kvqj kej; úNd.hg .;a wjia:dfõ weh fï nj ish kS;s{jrhd u.ska wêlrKhg ±kaùh' úfoaY .uka ;ykula mkjd ;sìh§ iellre tfia úfoia .; jQfha flfia±hs lreKq úuiSug wd.uk ú.uk md,ljrhdg wêlrKh yuqfõ fmkS isák f,i lvqfj, ufyaia;%d;a jika; ðkodi uy;d ksfhda. lrkafka tys§h'

miq.sh ld,fha rdcH n,h fhdod.ksñka isÿl< uyd mßudKfha ¥IK jxpd ms<sn| fpdaokd ,enQjkag úfoia .uka ;ykï flfrk wêlrK ksfhda. ksl=;a lsÍu j¾;udkfha nyq,j isÿfõ' fujeks fpdaokd ,dNSka nyq;rhla foaYmd,k fyda uqo,a n,h iys; iellrejkah' Tjqkaf.ka lS fofkl= fï ÿießh ish wjYH;d fjkqfjka fhdod.kafka±hs úuish hq;=h' l,la reishdfõ Y%S ,xld ;dkdm;s jYfhka lghq;= l< Wohx. ùr;=x. .=jka yuqodjg ñ.a-27 .=jka hdkd ñ,§ .ekSfï ¥IKh we;=¿ kS;s úfrdaë cd;Hka;r wú wdhqO .kqfokq iïnkaOfhka fpdaokd ,o wfhls' 2015 ckjdß 08fjksod rfÜ isÿjQ foaYmd,k fjkiska miqj Wohx. ùr;=x. ;dkdm;s Oqrfhka bj;a l< w;r Tyqg ksl=;a lr ;snQ D 3643585 wxlh orK rdcH ;dka;%sl úfoaY .uka n,m;%h kej; ndr fok f,ig úfoaY wud;HdxYh ksfhda. flf<ah' tfy;a Wohx. ùr;=x. ish rdcH ;dka;%sl úfoaY .uka n,m;%h kej; ndr ÿkafka ke;' tfia ;sìh§ bka udi tlyudrlg miqj Wohx. ùr;=x. ;ukag iy ;u mjqf,a idudðlhkag idudkH úfoaY .uka n,m;% ksl=;a lrk f,ig reishdfõ Y%S ,xld ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,h yryd b,a,Sula flf<ah' idudkH úfoaY .uka n,m;% ksl=;a lsÍu i|yd ta jkúg Tyq i;=j ;snQ rdcH ;dka;%sl úfoaY .uka n,m;% reishdfõ Y%S ,xld ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,h u`.ska wd.uk ú.uk md,ljrhdg ndr Èh hq;= úh' tfy;a Tyq tf,i ndr fkdÿkafkah' reishdfõ Y%S ,xld ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,fha fiajh lrk iuka; m;srK kï ks,Odßfhla 2015 fmnrjdß 24 fjksod wd.uk ú.uk wOHlaI fckrd,ajrhdg ,smshla fhduq lrñka Wohx. ùr;=x." Tyqf.a ìß| jk hQ'whs'ùr;=x. iy orejka fofokdg rdcH ;dka;%sl .uka n,m;% fjkqjg idudkH Y%S ,xld úfoaY .uka n,m;% ksl=;a lrk f,ig b,a,Sula lf<ah' kj úfoaY .uka n,m;% Wohx. ùr;=x. fjkqfjka Y%S ,xld ixpdrl m%j¾Ok uKav,fha iyldr wOHlaI ùrx. nKavd fld<U§ ndr .kakd njg tys jeä ÿrg;a i|ykaj ;sìK' úfoaY rgl isák Y%S ,dxlslfhl= kj úfoaY .uka n,m;%hla ,nd .ekSug b,aÆï lrk wjia:djl tu .uka n,m;% fld<U§ ,nd .kakd l%ufõohla fkdue;' fld<U wd.uk ú.uk fomd¾;fïka;=j kj úfoaY .uka n,m;% úfoaY wud;HdxYh yryd kej; wod< rgg heúh hq;= w;r tys§ wod< Y%S

,dxlslhd ;u úfoaY .uka n,m;%h ,nd .; hq;=h' tfy;a nrm;< ¥IK fpdaokd,dNsfhl= jk Wohx. ùr;=x.g fï kS;sh l%shd;aul fkdjqKq w;r Tyqf.a ìß| jk hQ'whs' ùr;=x. fld<Ug meñK kj úfoaY .uka n,m;% ,nd .;af;a rdcH ;dka;%sl .uka n,m;%h wdmiq ndr§ula fkdlrh' fï jk úg Wohx. ùr;=x. w;awvx.=jg .ekSug kshñ; mqoa.,fhl= jqjo Tyq kS;sfhka .e,ù f,dalfha úúO rgj, Èú f.jñka isà' Okh fyda n,h we;s mqoa.,hkag wd.uk ú.uk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ kS;s tfia ixfYdaOkh fjoa§ úl,am foaYmd,k mlaIhla jk fmrgq.dó iudcjd§ mlaIfha kdhl l=ud¾ .=Kr;akïg oaú;aj mqrjeisNdjh ,nd.ekSu i|yd l< b,a,Sïj,g ms<s;=rla fyda fkd,eîu iy miqj Tyqj w;awvx.=jg f.k isr o~qjï kshu lsÍu miqmi l%shd;aul jkafkao ÿießhhs' fujeks lghq;=j,ska wd.uk ú.uk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ks,Odßka wh:d f,i Wmhkq we;s uqo,a m%udKh fldmuK±hs is;Su mjd ÿIalrh' fï ish¨ ÿieÍka wd.uk ú.uk fomd¾;fïka;=j ;=< isÿjkafka tys m%Odkshdf.a isg wdh;kfha fodrlv isák ;e/õlrejd olajd jk ¥Is; mqoa.,hkaf.a ixúOdkd;aul l%shdoduhla u`.ska nj jD;a;Sh iñ;s ksfhdað;fhda m%ldY lr;s' fï ;;a;ajh fjkia lsÍu i|yd jD;a;Sh iñ;s ksfhdað;fhda bÈßm;a lrk fhdackd lsysmhla fufiah' • wdh;k m%Odkshd foaYmd,k wêldßfhka m;a lsÍu fjkqjg ta i|yd iajdëk l%ufõohla we;s lsÍu • fiajl ia:dk udre m%;sm;a;sh ksis f,i l%shd;aul lsÍu • whÿïlrejka bÈßm;a lrk jHdc f,aLk y`ÿkd.ekSug kùK ;dlaIK myiqlï ,nd§u • fy<sorõjk ¥IKj,g iïnkaO fiajlhkag fkdmudj o~qjï lsÍu • mßY%h wdikakfha ;e/õlrejka /§ isàu fmd,sish fhdojd mQ¾K jYfhka je<elaùu

jiqre lld jfÜ ÿjk hlv hld: Y%S ,xld ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j ,ika; reyqkf.a w`.=re lld j;=r ì î fld<U ÿjk hlv hlal= ysáfha biairh' ±ka wm olskafka cdjdrï l ld ì î .s,S crdjgu hk ÿïßh fiajhls' ta ;;a;ajhg uqyqK È isákafka Y%S ,xld ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j muKla fkdfõ' Y%S ,xld .ukd .uk uKav,h o ta brKug uqyqK § crdjg m;a jk wdldrh fuu ,smsfhka fy<sorõ flf¾'

jeú,s fNda. fld<Ug f.k tafï NdKav m%jdyk wruqK;a hg;a úcs; md,lhka úiska 1858 § wdrïN lrk ,o ÿïßh fiajh ,xld wdKavqfõ ÿïßfha isg wo jk úg Y%S ,xld ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j olajd mßKduh ù we;' jir 150lg wêl fï mßKdóh ld,fha § 1948 j¾Ifha Y%S ,xldj ksoyi ,nk úg hg;a úcs; md,lhka úiska ,nd § .sh ÿïßh ud¾. jmißh mjd /l n,d .kakg fkdyels ;;a;ajhg th m;aj we;' hg;a úcs; md,lhska úiska ;kk ,o le,Ksje,s ÿïßh ud¾.fha wúiaidfõ,a, isg ´mkdhl olajd o" wúiaidfõ,a, isg háhkaf;dg olajd o ÿïßh ud¾. ta wkqj wo wmg wysñ ù we;' ud;r isg yïnkaf;dg olajd Èfjk ÿïßh ud¾.hl ;ju;a wjika fkdjQ w¨;a ÿïßh ud¾. bÈ lsÍula muKla ±kg b;sß ù we;' tod NdKav m%jdykh iòyd wdrïN jQ ÿïßh fiajh wo tys m%uqL ld¾hh njg m;a lrf.k we;af;a u.S m%jdykhhs' ta iòyd m%Odk ÿïßh ia:dk 162la yd Wm ÿïßh ia:dk 149lska iukaú; lsf,daóg¾ 1420lA olajd me;sreKq ÿïßh ud¾. moaO;shla Y%S ,xld ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j i;=j mj;S' rfÜ uq`M u.S m%udKfhka ishhg oyhlg;a jvd wvq m%udKhla ÿïßh u`.ska Odjkfha fhfok w;r NdKav m%jdykfha ;;a;ajh o Bg jvd wvq uÜgul mj;S' ta ish,a, fjkqfjka 300lg wêl ÿïßh m%udKhla mj;sk w;r ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j i;= uq`M fiajl ixLHdj 15"000la muK fõ' fï fiajl msßi fndfyda ia:dkj, w;sßla; fiajlhka jYfhka isák nj ÿïßh jD;a;sh iñ;sj, woyi jk w;r tfia jqjo iuyr w;HjYH fiajd iòyd fiajl ys`. hla mj;S' úfYaIfhkau ld¾hd,j, fiajl w;sßla;hla mj;sk w;r tajdg wkqhqla; lr we;s fiajlhkag jdä ùug mjd ia:dk ke;s ;rïh' foaYmd,k ys;j;alï u; wkshï fyda wdfoaYl lïlrejka jYfhka fuu fiajl msßia nòjd f.k we;s w;r úfYaIfhkau l=udr fj,a.u md,k iufha È tfia nòjd f.k we;s fiajl msßi 2000lg wdikakh' l=udr fj,a.uf.a Pkao n, m%foaYh jk l`M;r Èia;%slalfhka Tjqka nòjdf.k we;s w;r tjeks wkjYH fiajl msßia wo ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j mj;ajdf.k hdug;a fkdyels wkjYH nrla njg m;a ù we;' r;au,dfka msysá l¾udka; Yd,dj o fiajl w;sßla;hlg jvd fiajlhkaf. ka M,odhS f,i jevla fkd.kakd ia:dkhla jYfhka ÿïßh jD;a;Sh iñ;s ksfhdacs;hka y`ÿkajk w;r tys isák fiajl msßi 3000lg wdikakh' bxcsfkarejka 80lska muK iukaú; th tl, y`ÿkajd we;af;a wdishdfõ úYd,;u l¾udka; Yd,dj f,iskah' ÿïßh iòyd wjYH weK uqßÉÑfha isg ishü foa ksIamdokh lsÍu w;S;fha § r;au,dk l¾udka; Yd,dfjka isÿ flÍ we;s w;r ÿïßh w¨;ajeähd lghq;= yer tjeks ksIamdok lsisjla wo tys fkdùug m%Odk fya;=j jYfhka ÿïßh jD;a;Sh iñ;s m%ldY lrkafka wu;r fldgia ñ,§ .ekSfï fldñia cdjdruh' r;au,dk l¾udka; Yd,dfõ ksIamdok nd, nj iòyka lrñka ÿïßhg wjYH ish¨ foa ndysr md¾Yjhkaf.ka ñ,§ .ekSu ishhg oyhla fyda Bg by< m%;sY;hl fldñia uqo,la iòyd foaYmd,k wêldßh we;=`M ÿïßh n,OdÍkag wjia:dj ie,iSu Bg fya;=jh'

fï wdldrfha wkjYH fiajl w;sßla;h o" r;au,dk jeks l¾udka; Yd,dj, isák fiajlhkaf.ka M,odhS f,i odhl;ajh ,nd fkd.ekSu jeks fya;= ksid o wo ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j jQ l,S NdKavd.dr m%;smdok u`.ska uqo,a ,nd f.k fiajl mäkä f.jñka tÈfkod kv;a;=j f.k hk w,dN ,nk rdcH jHjidhla njg m;a ù we;'

wì,s øjHfhka .id lEu Bg wu;rj ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=fõ tu w,dNhg ie,lsh hq;= odhl;ajhla imhd we;af;a ÿïßh iòyd wjYH wu;r fldgia we;=`M øjH ñ,§ .ekSfï § yd ÿïßh i;= wì,s øjH úlsKSfï lghq;=j,§h' Bg;a wu;rj ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j i;= bvï msgia;r mqoa.,hkag mßyrKhg ,nd §fï § yd ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j i;= fjk;a iïm;a msgia;r mqoa.,hkag mßyrKhg ,nd §fï§h' ÿïßh jD;a;sh iñ;sj, u;h wkqj 1977ka miq wdrïN jQ újD; wd¾Ólfhka miq fï olajd ÿïßh úIh Ndrj m;a jQ iEu foaYmd,k{fhlau wvq jeä jYfhka ÿïßh iòyd ñ,§ .ekSï isÿ lsÍfï § yd ÿïßh i;= øjH úlsKSfï § ta iòyd ksYaÑ; fldñia uqo,a ,nd f.k ;sfí' tlS fldñia uqo,a fm!oa.,slj ,nd f.k ke;af;a Tjqka m%ldY lrk wdldrhg v,ia w,ymafmreu m%jdyk wud;Hjrhd úiska muKh' tlS fldñia uqo,aj,ska v,ia w,ymafmreu m%jdyk wud;Hjrhd isÿ lr we;af;a ÿïßh u.Skaf.a iqj myiqj iòyd fld<U f.or kï jQ úfõld.drh f.dv kexùuh' ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j i;= iïm;a úlsKSfï ld¾hhfha § úfYaIfhkau hlv úlsKSfï ld¾hfha § miq.sh ld,h mqrdu tu lghq;=j, úksúoNdjhla ;sî ke;s w;r úúO l%u u`.ska ys;j;a jHdmdßlhkag tu hlv úlsKSfï isÿ lr we;' hlv úlsKSfï tjeks wl%ñl;djhla ms<snòj 2015 j¾Ifha § ÿïßh jD;a;sh iñ;s ikaOdkh úiska w,a,ia fyda ¥IK fpdaokd úu¾Yk fldñIka iNdjg ,sÅ; idlaIs iys; meñKs,a,la bÈßm;a lr we;;a ta iïnkaOfhka fï jk úg;a úêu;a mÍlaIKhla isÿ flÍ ke;' Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH wdh;khla i;= jeäu bvï m%udKhla fyj;a wlalr 13"000la muK bvï m%udKhla ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j i;=j mej;sh o tajd ld¾hlaIu yd M,odhS f,i Ndú;hg f.k ke;' fuu bvïj,ska fndfyduhla u foaYmd,k{hka we;=`M n,j;a mqoa.,hka úiska wkjirfhka w,a,d f.k we;s w;r ;j;a bvïj,ska j¾;udkhg .e<fmk wdodhula ,efnkafka ke;' ;j;a bvï m%udKhla lsisÿ m%fhdackhg fkdf.k mj;S' ÿïßh bvï wkjirfhka w,a,d .ekSug wod< kS;sh l%shd;aul lsÍula isÿ jQfha uE;l§h' ta ysgmq wud;H uyskaodkkao w¨;a.uf.a úiska wkjirfhka w,a,d f.k we;s kdj,msáfha ÿïßh bvula iïnkaOfhka kvq mejÍuh'

óg wu;rj ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j w,dN ,eîu flfrys úfYaIfhkau n,md we;af;a NdKav m%jdykh iòyd ÿïßh Ndú;d lsÍu úYd, jYfhka wvq ùuh' ta iòyd ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j i;= ÿ¾j,Ndjhla fukau ta iòyd iïnkaO jk wfkl=;a rdcH jHjidhkays ÿ¾j,;djhka fukau wl%ñl;d o fya;= ù we;' w;S;fha § Lksc f;,a m%jdykfha jeä mx.=j fyj;a m%uqLu ld¾hh ÿïßh u`.ska isÿ lr we;;a wo tu lghq;= wju lr we;af;a ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j fkdj Lksc f;,a n,OdÍkah' ta foaYmd,k{hka we;=`M n,j;a mqoa.,hkaf.a Lksc f;,a m%jdyk njqi¾ kv;a;= lsÍu yd njqi¾ u`.ska f;,a m%jdykfha § isÿ l< yels wl%ñl;d fya;=fjkah' isfuka;s m%jdykh we;=`M wfkl=;a NdKav m%jdykhg o isÿ ù we;af;a Bg iudk ;;a;ajhla h'

úi`ÿï ljf¾o@ fuu mdvq ,nk" wld¾hlaIu yd ¥Is; ;;a;ajfhka .e<ùu iòyd ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j iïnkaOfhka wkq.ukh l< hq;= l%ufõohka folla meyeÈ,s f,ig y`ÿkd.; yelsh' bka tlla jkafka ÿïßh fiajh ;=<skau tys wld¾hlaIu;djh yd ¥Is; ;;a;ajh ke;s lsÍu iòyd .; yels l%shdud¾.hhs' fojekak jkafka rdcH m%;sm;a;shla jYfhka ÿïßh fiajh iïnkaOfhka .; hq;= ;Skaÿ ;SrKh' ÿïßh fiajh ;=<ska tu l%shdud¾. .ekSfï § foaYmd,k{hka /lshd ,nd §u iòyd isÿ lrk wkjYH fiajl msßia Bg we;=`M lsÍu jydu keje;aúh hq;=h' ±kg isák fiajl msßi o ld¾hlaIu yd M,odhS f,i fiajfha fhdod .ekSu iòyd fhduq l< hq;=h' úfYaIfhkau r;au,dk l¾udka; Yd,dfõ isák 3000lg wdikak fiajl msßfika M,odhS fiajhla ,nd .ekSu flfrys wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h' ÿïßh fiajh iòyd jQ ish¨ ñ,§ .ekSï o ÿïßh fiajh i;= ish¨ iïm;a úlsKsï o Wmßu ,dNhla ,nd .; yels úksúoNdjfhka hq;= l%ufõohlska isÿ l< hq;=h' tys§ rg mqrd úúO ia:dkj, úisÍ me;sÍ mj;sk ±kg Ndú;hg fkd.kakd yd bÈßfha§ Ndú;hg .; fkdyels hlv jeks wì,s øjH we;=`M ish¨ øjH ;jÿrg;a tajdys jákdlu laIh jkakg fkd§ uqo,a njg m;a lr.kakd l%uhla .ek is;Su w;HjYHh' tfiau rgmqrd øjH fomd¾;fïka;=j i;= bvï o ld¾hlaIuj yd M,odhSj fhdod.kafka flfiao hkak is;sh hq;= w;r wkjirfhka bvï w,a,d f.k isákakkaf.ka tu bvï ,nd .ekSu o kej; tu bvï Wmßu ,dNhla ,efnk mßÈ o Ndú;d l< hq;=h' tfiau ±kg ks;Hkql+, l%uhla hgf;a ,nd § we;s bvï o j¾;udk ñ, .Kkaj,g iß,k mßÈ tajdhska Wmßu ,dN ,eîu o l< hq;=h' rdcH m%;sm;a;s iïnkaOfhka wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu o isÿ l< hq;af;a ÿïßh u`.ska NdKav m%jdykh iòyd wjYH lghq;= isÿ lsÍuh' úfYaIfhkau Lksc f;,a" isfuka;s" iSks" we;=`M øjH ms<snòj;a lkafÜk¾ m%jdykh ms<snòj;a 60

rdcHhg tjeks m%;sm;a;shla ielish yelsh' tu`.ska ÿïßh fiajfha w,dNh wvq jkjd muKla fkdj úfYaIfhkau kd.ßl m%foaYj, we;s wêl r:jdyk ;onohg o thska úi`ÿï ,efnkjd we;'

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