Integrity in Foreign Employment - Sinhala by Transparency International Sri Lanka

iqmsßisÿ úfoaY /lshd fCIa;%hla Wfoid

m<uq uqø%Kh 2010 g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld 28$1 nq,¾ia mgqu. fld<U 07 ÿrl;kh

0 11 2506419

*Elaia

0 11 2592287

B fï,aa

tisl@tisrilanka.org

fjí wvúh

www.tisrilanka.org

ISBN: 978-955-1281-29-8

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—ixl%uksl Y%ñlhkaf.a wNsjDoaêh ;ld rch fndfyda mshjr f.k ;snqKo" Tjqyq fndfyda wjodkïj,g uqyqK fo;s' fï w;r we;eful=f.a Ôú;ho" msgráka f.fkk rka uiqrkaj,g ì,sfjhs' fuu ixl%uksl Y%ñlhka uqyqKfok wjodkï y`ÿkdf.k tajdg ms<shï fh§ug läkï m%;sm;a;s ilia lsÍu ld,Sk wjYH;djhls'˜ International Migration Outlook Sri Lanka, IOM ixl%uKslhka i`oyd jQ cd;Hka;r ixúOdkh" 2009

—Y%ñl ixl%uk l%shdj,sh yeisrùfï§ hymd,kh w;HdjYH m%fõYhls' tys :,odhS m%fõYhla f,i hymd,kh y`ÿkd.kq ,efí' :,odhS wdh;k yd fr.=,dis fukau udkj ysñlï wdrCIdj mqoa.,hkaf.a Ôú;j,g yd jvd idOdrK wd¾Ól yd iudchSh m%;sM,hka idlaId;a lr .ekSug n,mdk wdh;k yd kshuhkays mq`M,a iyNd.S;ajh iy md,khg hg;a fõ' hy md,kh i`oyd iyNd.S;ajh" úksúoNdjh iy j.ùu hk lreKq uQ,slj ms<s.efka'˜ Y%ñl ixl%uKh ms<sn`o Y%S ,xld cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh

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fmrjok /lshd iòyd úfoia.; ùu Y%S ,xldfõ nyq,j l:d nyg ,lajk lreKls' Y%S ,xldfõ Y%u n,ldfhka y;frka tlla úfoaYhkays fiajh lrk w;r furg Ôj;ajk mjq,aj,ska ;=fkka tlla fuu bmhSïj,ska hefm;s' úfoia .; jk Y%S ,dxlslhskaf.a wdrCIdj ;yjqre lsÍug rch;a ;j;a fndfyda ixúOdk;a mshjr f.k we;' úfYaIfhkau úfoia.; jk Y%S ,dxlslhskaf.a wdrCIdj Wfoid rch l%shd ud¾. /ila f.k we;' ta w;r 2009 jif¾§ t<s oelajQ cd;sl Y%ñl ixl%uKh ms<snò cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh fnfyúka jeo.;a h' ó<`. wNsfhda.h ù we;af;a fuu m%;sm;a;sh l%shdjg kexùuh' /lshd iòyd úfoaY .; ùu ms<snòj furg fndfyda wOHhkhka isÿl<o tu fCIa;%fha mj;sk ¥IK yd neÿKq .eg¨ ms<snò fï ;dla wOHhkhla isÿlr ke;' w,a,iska iy ¥IKfhka fnfyúka mSvd ú`Èkafka wvq wdodhï ,nkakkah' úfoaY /lshd j, kshq;= jkakkaf.ka fndfyda fofkla È<s`ÿ núka mSvd ú`Èk wvq wOHdmk uÜgula iys; mqoa.,hkah' fï ms<snòj wjOdkh fhduq lrñka g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld wdh;kh 2008 jif¾ Tlaf;dan¾ udifha § ta iïnkaOj wOHhkhla isÿlsÍu iòyd ldka;d m¾fhaIK wdh;khg j.lSu ndr fokq ,eîh' fuu wOHhkh isÿ l< ldka;d m¾fhaIK wdh;khg;a tu wdh;kfha m¾fhaIK ks<OdÍka jk ,S,x.S jkiqkaor iy u,aisß vhia hk uy;añhkag;a wmf.a ia;+;sh m< lr isáuq' tfiau fuu wOHhkfha§ jeo.;a Wmfoia /ila ,nd ÿka WmfoaYl lñgqjg;a" fuu wOHhkh ie,iqï l< fnàkd fuh¾ uy;añhg;a fuh iïnkaëlrKh l< .ÍId úß;uq,a, uy;añhg;a" fuu jd¾;dj ixialrKhg iyh oelajQ YHdu,S ;;amrka uy;añhg;a" fuys

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fÊ'iS' je,swuqK úOdhl wOHCI

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1 iïmsKavkh ÚfoaY /lshd iòyd fiajlhska nòjd .ekSfï l%shd mámdáfha we;s iqms<smkak;dj ms<sn|j mj;ajk ,o iólaIKhlska fy<sjQ lreKq mokï lrf.k fuu jd¾;dj ms<sfh, lr we;' g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld wdh;kh fjkqfjka fuu iólaIKh mj;ajkq ,enqfõ ldka;d m¾fhaIK wdh;kh úisks' fuu jd¾;dj 2008 fkdjeïn¾ ui isg 2009 uehs udih olajd ld,h ;=< mj;ajk ,o iólaIKfhka fy<sjQ lreKq mokï lr.ksñka ieleiqKq w;r 1985 wxl 21 orK Y%S ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla; ld¾hdxY mk; ixfYdaOkh lsÍfuka wk;=rej 2009 Tlaf;dan¾ udifha§ tlajQ kj lreKq o ixfYdaOkhka o óg tl;= lrk ,oS' fuu.ska n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka /lshd iòyd ixl%uKh jk Y%ñlhkag jvd;a wdrlaIdldÍ mßirhla we;slsÍuhs' ixl%uksl Y%ñlhkaa furg wd¾Ólhg ,ndfok Þhl;ajh w;s uy;ah' 2008 úfoaY /lshd kshqla;slhska furgg tjk ,o uqo,a m%udKh wefußlka fvd,¾ ì,shk 2'9 ls' tu wdÞhu rfÜ úfoaY úksuh bmhSï j,ska fojeks ia:dkfha miqfõ' wiQ ,laIhla muK jk furg Y%u n,ldfhka y;frka tlla muK msgrg /lshd j, fh§ isá;s' fuu ixl%ñl fiajlhkag jvd;a wdrlaIdldÍ úkS; mßirhla we;s lr th mj;ajdf.khdu Y%s ,xld rcfha;a ck;djf.a;a m%Odk j.lSuls' 2009 wfm%a,a udifha§ Y%ñl ixl%uKh ms<snò Y%S ,xld cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh (National Labour Migration Policy) ms<s.ekSfuka weu;s uKav,h úfoaY /lshd i|yd n|jd.ekSfï l%shd mámdáfha iqms<smka;dj iy wdrlaIdj ie,iSu i|yd jeo.;a mshjrla .;af;ah' 2006 § wka;¾cd;sl lïlre ixúOdkh (ILO) iïu; l< WÑ; /lshdjla (National Policy on Decent work) ms<sn| cd;sl m%;am;a;sh o Y%S ,xldj úiska ms<sf.k we;' Y%S ,xld úfoaY

fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh we;=`Mj Yla;su;a kS;suh iy wdh;ksl rduqjla /lshd i|yd úfoaY .;jkakkaf.a wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lsÍu fjkqfjka Y%S ,xldj ;=< l%shd;aulfõ' ixl%ñl Y%ñlhskaf.a ;;a;ajh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd úfoaY /lshd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska miq.shÞ m%YxikSh mshjr lsysmhlau .kq ,eîh' flfiajqjo" úfoaY /lshd iemhSu iy n|jd.ekSu ms<sn|j isÿfõ hehs lshk wl%ñl;d" ¥IK iy iQrdlEï tugh' msgrg /lshd j,g hdug W;aidy orK fndfyda fofkla ÿIalr m<d;aj, kqmqyqKq fyda wvq mqyqKqQ Y%ñlhkah' thskq;a jeä fofkla ia;%Ska h' Tjqyq myiqfjkau iQrdlEï j,g yiqfj;s' Tjqkag ish whs;sjdislï .ek ±kqula ke;' fudjqka cdjdrïlrejka ì,s jk wdldrh .ek ks;r udOH j,ska f;dr;=re fy<sfõ'

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fuu jd¾;dfjka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka /lshd i|yd úfoaY.;jkakkag jvd;a iqrlaIs; jd;djrKhla ie,iSu i|yd flfrk m%h;akhkag iyfhda.h ±laùuh' /lshd ,nd.kakg W;aidy orkakka iy ixl%u‚l fiajlhska uqyqKmdk wjÞkï ;;a;ajhka fukau Tjqkaf.a wdrlaIdjg we;s úúO wdh;k iy ksfhdað; wdh;kj, md,kuh jHqyhkays mj;sk wvqmdvq fy<sorõ lsÍu fuu`.ska o n,dfmdfrd;afõ' g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a wdh;kh ¥IKh w¾: .kajkafka zz;uka fj; mejÍ we;s n,h fm!oa.,sl ,dN ;ld whq;= f,i fhdÞ .ekSuZZ hkqfjks' tfy;a fuu iólaIKfha§ wl%ñl;d o ¥IKh f,i i,ld we;' iqms<smka" ¥IKfhka f;dr fkdtfiakï wdpdrYS,S yeisÍu hkafkka woyiajkafka kS;suh kshuhkag wkql+,;djh oelaùu muKla fkdj wjxlj iy idOdrKj wfkl=kag ie<lSu h' úúO udÈ,sfha mqoa.,hka yd wdh;k /lshd iemhSfï ld¾hfha kshe<S isá;s' úfoaYSh /lshd iemhSfï uQ,sl j.lSu we;af;a rchgh' fm!oa.,sl wxYfha ksfhdað; wdh;k tu ld¾hfha fhfokafka Y%S ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhka ,nd.kakd n,m;% hgf;a h' jeäu msßila /lshd ,nd.kafka n,h ,;a ksfhdað;hska ud¾.fhks' Bg wu;rj kEoE ys;j;=ka iy fiajd fhdaclhska ud¾.fhka o ie,lsh hq;= msßila /lshd ,nd .kakd w;r fujka ud¾.j,ska úfoaY .;jkakkaf.a ixLHdj jeäùfï m%jK;djhla olakg we;' fï w;r" Y%S ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla; ld¾hdxYh;a" Bg wkqnoaO Y%S ,xld úfoaY /lshd tAckaish;a >Dcqju /lshd imhhs' flfiajqjo" rg mqrd ;e/õlrejka jHdc mqoa.,hska o we;=¿j kS;s úfrdaë whqßkaa n,m;a fkdue;sj /lshd imhk wdh;k iy mqoa.,hska fndfyda isák nj ryila fkdfõh' Tjqyq fndre ,shlshú,s ms<sfh, lr fo;s' fjk;a wjYH foa kS;s úfrdaê f,i ,nd fo;s' fuu iólaIKhg úúO mqoa.,hkaf.ka iy md¾Yjhkaf.kaa f;dr;=re ,ndf.k we;' tA w;r 222 fofkl= iu. iïuqL idlÉPd meje;aùfuka o jxpd j,g f.dÿrejQ 30 fofkl= iu. jeäÿr ixjdo meje;aùfuka o úfoaY /lshd lafIa;%fha l%shdldÍ rdcH yd iy rdcH fkdjk wxYj, 20 fofkl=f.ka o úia;r ,ndf.k ;sfí' iïuqL idlÉPd meje;ajQ 222 fokd fld<U" mq;a;,u iy ud;f,a Èia;%slal ksfhdackh lrñka f;dard.kq ,eîh' w;r uq,a j;djg úfoaY /lshd i|yd msg;aj hEug wfmalaId lrk mqoa.,hka" úfoaY /lshdjla lr wdmiq meñK h<s;a hEug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk mqoa.,hka" úfoaY /lshd j, kshqla;j isg meñK tfy;a wdmiq hEug woyia fkdlrk wh iy úfoaY /lshdjkg hdug W;aidy ord tu W;aidyhka wid¾:ljQ mqoa.,hka iólaIKhg Ndckh jQjka w;r úh'

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iólaIKfhka wkdjrKhjQ m%Odk lreKq( - /lshd fidhkakjqka iy n,m;% iys; /lshd tAckais w;r w;rueÈhka f,i l%shd lrk mqoa.,hska md,kh lsÍfï úêúOdk fkdue;slu ±kg l%shd;aul jk kS;s Í;s j, n,j;a wvqmdvqjls' /lshd imhk ksfhdað; wdh;k lSmhla fjkqfjka lghq;= lsÍug w;rueÈhkag yels w;r n|jd .kakd iEu Y%ñlfhl=f.kau fldñia uqo,la ,nd.kakjd muKla fkdj Tjqyq Bg wu;rj b,a¨ïlrejkaf.kao uqo,a whlr .ks;s' n,m;% iys; ksfhdað; wdh;k fuu w;rueÈhkaf.a fiajh ,nd.kakd kuq;a Tjqkaf.a ¥IK l%shd ms<sn|j j.lshkafka ke;' fï wvqj msßueiSu .ek ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=h' - úfoaY /lshd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úiska n,m;% § we;s ksfhdað; wdh;k 626 g wu;rj ,shd mÈxÑ fkdjQ wdh;k 400 la muK we;ehs .Kka n,d ;sfí' n,m;% w¨;alsÍfï o úIu;d we;s nj fmfka' ,shdmÈxÑ lr we;s ksfhdað; wdh;k w;=ßka 25] la l%shd;aul fkdjk w;r n,h ,;a úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; wdh;k ix.ufha idudðlhskaf.a n,m;a w¨;a l< hq;=hehs 2009 Tlaf;dan¾ udifha§ mk; ixfYdaOkh lsÍug fmrd;=j kshu lr ;snQ kuq;a tu ix.ufha idudðlhka fkdjk whf.a mjd n,m;a w¨;a lr we;' - úfoaY /lshd tAckais j, idudðlhska úfoaY /lshd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfha wOHlaI uKav,fha idudðlhska jYfhka lghq;= lsÍfuka ;SrK .ekSfï§ ne¢hdjka w;r .egqula we;súh yels w;r thska M,ÞhSnjg ndOd we;sfõ' - /lshd ,nd.ekSu i|yd b,a¨ïlrkakkag b;d úYd, uqo,la kS;s úfrdaë f,i f.ùug isÿù we;' we;eï f.ùï remsh,a oy;=ka ,laIh olajd by< f.dia we;af;a Y%S ,xlfõ fiajlhska i|yd jeä b,a¨ula ;sìh§ h' fï iïnkaOfhka l%shd;aul jk kS;suh iy wdh;ksl rduqfõ ÿ¾j,;d fya;=fjka úfoaY /lshd lafIa;%fha jeo.;au iïm; jk ixl%u‚l fiajlhska iQrdlEï j,g iy ¥IKhg md;%ùu wNd.Hhls' - Y%S ,xld úfoaY /lshd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfha wkque;sh ,enQ n,m;% iys; ksfhdað; wdh;k ms<sn|j ksis ±kqu fkdue;slu iy kS;s úfrdaëj lghq;= lrk wdh;k ms<sn|j ±kqïj;aùug wjldYhla ke;slñka

/lshd wfmaCIlhska fndfyda wl%ñl;d j,g

md;%fõ' - iólaIKfha§ fmkS.sh lreKla jQfha" /lshd ,nd.ekSfï l%shdj,sfha yjq,alrejka jk rdcH wdh;k" úfoaY /lshd kshqla;s ld¾hdYfha wkque;sh ,enQ ksfhdað; wdh;k" fjk;a w;rueÈhka iy kS;Hkql+, fkdjk yd n,m;% fkdu;s /lshd ksfhdað; wdh;k /lshd ,nd.kakg ;e;alrk mqoa.,hska ¥IK l%shdjkag fkdfhla wdldrfhka Þhl jk njhs' -5-

fuys§ rcfha uQ,sl;ajfhka flfrk n|jd.ekSï" foaYmd,k wkq.%yfhka iy úksúo núka f;drj isÿùu fya;=fjka ¥IK yd wl%ñl;d isÿjk nj uyck u;hhs' n,m;% iys; ksfhdað; wdh;k j,ska isÿflfrk wksis l%shd /ils' /lshd i|yd wkque;sh ,nd.ekSug l,ska ±kaùï m<lsÍu" fõ;k ms<sn|j ld¾hdxYh fyda Y%ñlhd okqïj;a fkdlsÍu" idjoH ,shú,s ilialsÍu" kS;s úfrdaë f,i .dia;= whlsÍu" .súiqula w;aika lsÍug fmr Y%ñlhdg úfoaY.;ùug bv§u" .súiqu fyda /lshdj fjkia lsÍu" Y%ñlhdg .ukdka;fha w;ruxùug bvie,iSu" .ukdka;h fjkia lsÍu" wjir fkdue;s ia:dk j, n|jd .ekSï isÿlsÍu" uq,a ;=ka udifha§ fõ;k fkd§ isàu" .dia;= ,nd.ekSfuka miqj ksfhdað; wdh;k jid ±óu iy jxpd lsÍfuka miq ld¾hd,h fjk;a ;eklg f.k hEu tjka l%shd w;r fj;s' fujka jxpksl l%shdjka foaYSh jHdmdßlhska iy úfoaYSh fiajdfhdaclhska fyda ksfhdað;hska tlaj isÿlr;s'we;eï wjia:dj,§ ffjoH mÍlaIK isÿlr we;af;a o wl%uj;a wdldrhg h' - Y%S ,xld úfoaY /lshd kshqla;s ld¾hdxY mk; hgf;a msysgqjd we;s úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; ix.ufhka fiajhla isÿfjk kuq;a wksis l%shd iy jxpdjka fya;=fjka tys idudðlhska úiska /lshd ,nd.ekSug W;aidy orK Y%ñlhka iïnkaOfhka isÿjk ¥IK ls%hd wvqlsÍug mshjr fkd.efka' ld¾hdxYfha wNHka;r u;fNao iy wksis l<ukdldß;ajh o tys lghq;= j,g ndOdjls' - úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; wdh;k ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍfï§ iy n,m;% w¨;a lsÍfï§ tAjdfha l<ukdldß;ajh fyda jHdmdßl ksmqK;ajh ms<sn| fidhdne,Sula isÿ fkdfõ' fndfydauhlg uQ,H iïm;a md,kh fyda wdpdr O¾u wkqj l%shdlsÍfï yelshdjka fkdue;slu fya;=fjka /lshd ,nd.kakd Y%ñlhkag wjÞkï ;;aajhla we;sfõ' - fjk;a ixúOdk u.ska /lshd ,nd.ekSfï wjÞkula ke;ehs is;k kuq;a ;ukaf.a mjqf,a idudðlhska yefrkakg wfkla ish,af,daau Y%ñlhkaf.ka wêl .dia;= whlrk w;r Tjqka rjg;s' /lshd ,nd.kakd iuyr

Y%ñlhkaa /lshd fidhd§ug bÈßm;a

fj;;a úúO wksis l%shdj,g fm<fUkafka wkq.%dylhd;a fiajlhd;a fomd¾Yjhgu jxpd lrñks' fufia /lshd ,nd.kakd Y%ñlhka ld¾hdxYfha ,shdmÈxÑ fkdjqjfyd;a Tjqkag lsisÿ wdrlaIdjla fkdue;' - /lshd ,nd.ekSfï l%shdud¾.fhka whq;= m%fhdack .ekSug wka whg bv ie,iS we;ehs iólaIKhg yjq,a jQ jeä fofkla lshd isáho Tjqka úúO mqoa.,hka yd kd kd udÈ,sfha ksfhdað; wdh;k u; úYajdih ;eîug ;rï fnd<|jQ nj fmkShhs' óg Tjqkaf.a wOHdmk uÜÜu fyda Tjqka l< /lshdfõ ;;a;ajhg iïnkaOhla fkd;snq‚' wjÞkï ;;a;ajhlg uqyqKmEug;a wúpdrj yeisÍug;a we;s m%jK;dj fnfyúka jeäh' msgrg

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/lshd ,nd.ekSug ;e;alr wid¾:ljQ lKavdhula iu. mej;s úYaf,aIKhlska fy<sjQfha /lshdjla ,nd.ekSug jEhï lroa§ fl;rï uqo,la ke;sù .sho flfia fyda Tjqka /lshd ,nd.ekSug È.ska È.gu m%h;ak ork njhs' fl;rï wjÞkï ;;a;ajhlg uqyKmEjo

;uka ú¢ mdvqj flfia fyda msßuid.ekSfï n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka

uq,a

j;dfõ§ jxpd l< wh fj;u f.dia Tjqyq /lshd ,nd.ekSug ;e;alr;s' Tjqka fndfydafofkl=g ksis ;SrKhla .ekSug wjYH f;dr;=re ,eî fkd;snq‚' flfiajqjo" tfia f;dr;=re ,enqKq wjia:dj,§;a Tjqka tAjd ¥ro¾YS whqßka m%fhdackhg f.k ke;' fjk;a wxYj, fukau fuu wxYfhao ¥IKh mj;S' ¥IKhg fnfyúka ,lajkafka /lshdjla ,nd.kakg ;e;alrk Y%ñlhd h' ;ukaf.a Y%uhg jeä b,a¨ula we;;a jeäfhkau úhoï orkakg isÿjkafka o Tyqgh' úfoaYSh rgj, fiajlhska n|jd.kakjqka w;ska /jàug ,lajQ úg furg /lshd imhk wdh;k j,go tu ¥IKfha fldgialrejka ùug isÿfjhs' ¥IK l%shdjka i|yd úYd, uqo,la jehlsÍug isÿùu úfoaY /lshd l¾udka;hgo wys;lr f,i n,mdh‘' ¥IKh wju lsÍug;a md,kh lsÍug;a ±ä foaYmd,k lemùula ;sìh hq;=jdla fukau /lshd iemhSfï l%shdj,sh m%;sixúOdkh lsÍu i|yd Yla;su;a kdhl;ajhla o wjYHh' isú,a iudch wksjd¾hfhkau fuys m%Odk md¾Yjlrejls' fï ish¨u md¾Yjlrejkaf.a iyNd.S;ajfhka ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkag /ljrK ie,iSu w;HdjYHh'

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2' ye¢kaùu /lshd i|yd úfoaY.; ùu ^úfYaIfhka ueo fmrÈ. rgj,g& werfUkafka 70 oYlfha w. Nd.fha§h' 1977 g miq ú/lshdj wvq lsÍu i|yd rcfhka lrk ,o Èß.ekaùula f,i;a" úfoaY úksuh iemhSfï ud¾.hla f,i;a" ia;S%$mqreI fomd¾Yjhg /lshd i|yd úfoaY.; ùug wjia:dj ie,iqKs' YS% ,xldfõ wd¾Ólhg úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh b;d jeo.;a fõ' úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh ^2009 jd¾;dj& fmkajd fok mßÈ Y%S ,xldfõ Y%u n,ldfhka" weia;fïka;=.; 24] l m%;sY;hla fïjk úg úfoaYhkays fiajfhys kshq;= jk w;r thska 36] muK m%udKhla furg isák ;u mjq,a j,g wdOdr Wmldr lr;s' miq.sh oYl lsysmh ;=< fuu ixLHdjkays iS>% j¾Okhla isÿ ù we;' j¾I 1978 yd ii|k l,ays ta j¾Ifha§ 8074 la jQ rg yer f.dia úfoaYhkays fiajfhys kshq;= mqoa.,hskaf.a .Kk j¾I 2008 jk úg 252"021 olajd j¾Okh ù we;' fuu Y%ñlhkaf.ka nyq;rh" tkï ldka;d yd msßñ fomd¾Yjhu úfoaY.; ù we;af;a kqmqyqKq Y%ñlhka f,i jk w;r" j¾I 2008 jk f;la fuu w.fhka nyq;rh ysñlr f.k we;af;a ldka;d md¾Yjhhs' fuu ldka;djkaf.a ixLHdj j¾I 2006 § 114"778 isg j¾I 2008 jk úg 123"200 olajd wLKavj j¾Okh ù we;' rEmigyk 01 - úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd úfoaY.;ùï 1994 - 2008 úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd úfoaY.;ùï 300000

200000 150000

Úfhsf

úfoaY.;ùï

250000

100000 50000 0 1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

jir

uQ,dY% ( 2008 úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sfhys jd¾Isl o;a; jd¾;dj" SLBFE ^YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys ,shdmÈxÑ jQ m<uq jrg yd lsysm jdrhla úfoaY.; jQ ixl%uKslhka —úfoaY.;ùï˜ j,g we;=,;ah'& 1' ch;s,l iy chj¾Ok ^2009& g wkqj YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys ,shdmÈxÑ jk mqoa.,hkaf.a 5] - 10] w;r m%udKhla rgyer fkdhk w;r ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkaf.ka 30] - 40] w;r m%udKhla YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys ,shdmÈxÑ fkdfõ'

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j¾I 2008 § uq¿ wmkhk bmehSï j,ska 35'9] muK m%udKhla fm!oa.,sl bmehSï ^SLBFE 2009& jk w;r th o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fhka 6] l muK m%udKhls' fm!oa.,sl bmehSï

u.ska ,xldjg .,d tk úfoaY úksuh m%udKh iDcq úfoaY wdfhdack yd ks, ixj¾Ok iyfhda.s;djh u.ska ,efnk úksuh m%udKhg jvd jeä w.hla .kakd w;r th YS% ,xldfõ whjeh ysÕh msheùug o bjy,a fõ' ^Jayathilake & Jayawardena 2009& f,dal wd¾Ólfha j;auka m%jK;d yd j¾Okhka i,ld n,k úg" YS% ,xldfõ wd¾Ólh flá fyda uOHld,Sk jYfhka úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh u; r|d mj;skq we;ehs wfmalaId l< yelsh' ixj¾Okh i|yd jk oi jirl ie,eiau ^uyskao Ñka;kh& iy 2006 WÑ; /lshdjla i|yd jk cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh ^National Policy for Decent Work& ^YS% ,xldfõ lïlre in|;d iy úfoaY fiajd wu;HdxYh 2006& u.ska úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sfhys we;s jeo.;alu y÷kdf.k we;s w;r" 2007 j¾Ifha§ úfoaY /lshd m%j¾Ok iy iqNidOkh i|yd jk fjku wud;HdxYhla msysgqjkq ,enqfha ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka uqyqK fok ndOl yd wjia:djkag uqyqK§u i|ydh' 2'1 wdh;ksl iy mßmd,kuh rduqj uyd mßudK jYfhka Y%ñl ixl%uKh jeäùu;a iuÕu úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd Y%ñlhska n|jd .ekSfï § we;sjk wl%ñl;d iy wmfhdackhka o j¾Okh ù we;' tajd uev,Su i|yd mj;sk kS;s m%;smdok j, wvqjla we;s nj wiQj oYlfha§ fy<súh' ^De Soysa, 2009& fï wkqj 1985 § wxl 21 orK YS% ,xldfõ úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxY

mk; mkjkq ,enqfha uQ,sl jYfhka /lshd i|yd úfoia.; jkakkag iqrCIs; mßirhla ie,iSu i|yd wjYH ffk;sl iy mßmd,k rduqj imhd §u i|ydh' fuu mk; hgf;a YS% ,xldfõ úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh msysgqjkq ,enqfha fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd jk ;djld,sl úfoaY.; ùu iïnkaOfhka jk j.lSu orK uQ,sl wdh;kh jYfhks' oekg th úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh m%j¾Okh iy iqnidOkh i|yd jk wud;HdxYh u.ska md,kh fõ' 1994

jif¾§ mk; ixfYdaOkhg ,lajQ w;r" YS% ,xldfõ úfoaY fiajd

kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh w,a,ia fyda ¥IK mk; hgf;a Wmf,aLk.; wdh;khla f,i kï lrk ,§' mk; kej; j;djla 2009 jif¾§ ixfYdaOkh jQ w;r tu.ska YS% ,xldfõ wl%ñl;d uev,Su i|yd úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh ;jÿrg;a Yla;su;a flreKs' 2006 wxl 06 orK oKavkS;s ix.%yh ^ixfYdaOk& mk; u.ska 2006 j¾Ifha§ ukqIH fj<|du ^l=ÜGkh& idmrdë jrola njg m;a lf<ah'

2' 1994 wxl 04 orK YS% ,xldfõ úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxY ^ixfYdaOk& mk;

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rch úiska 1996 § wka;¾ cd;sl kHhdhkag iy m%ñ;Skaj,g we;s lemùu fmkajkq jia ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkaf.a iy Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj, whs;Ska iqrCIs; lsÍu i|yd jQ tlai;a cd;Skaf.a m%{ma;shg w;aika lf<ah' tfiau rch ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka i|yd jk tlai;a cd;Skaf.a lñgqjg jd¾;djkao bÈßm;a lrhs' flfia fj;;a YS% ,xldj fï olajd wka;¾ cd;sl lïlre ixúOdkfha ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka ms<sn| m%{ma;shg w;aika lr fkdue;' kuq;a tu ixúOdkfha ^ILO& jHjia:dj ms<s.ekSu u; mejfrk j.lSï iïnkaOfhka wka;¾cd;sl lïlre ixúOdkhg jd¾;djka bÈßm;a lrhs'

;jo 2004 j¾Ifha§

mj;ajkq ,enQ wka;¾cd;sl lïlre ixúOdk iuq¿j u.ska m;alr.kakd ,o ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka i|yd jk idOdrK .kqfokqjla ms<sn| jQ fhdackdj (Resolution on a Fair Deal for Migrant Workers) iy 2006 Y%u ixl%uKh ms<sn|j nyqcd;sl rduqj ^Multilateral Frame Work on Labour Migration& u; msysgd rch ls%hdlrhs'

l,dmSh uÜgñka YS% ,xldj ldka;djka

iy <uqka .Ksld jD;a;Sfha fhoùu i|yd l=gsGkh ksjdrKh iy uev,Su i|yd jk ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmSh iyfhda.S;d ix.ufha ^SAARC& m%{ma;sfhys md¾Yjlrejl= fõ' 2005 fkdjeïn¾ 15 jk Èk th Ys% ,xldj ;=, n,d;aul flßK' 2006 j¾Ifha§ rch úiska wka;¾cd;sl lïlre ixúOdkh u.ska werô ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkag wod, jk WÑ; /lshdjla i|yd jk cd;sl m%;sm;a;shgo md¾Yjlrefjl= úh' WÑ; /lshdjla hkq l=ulao@ WÑ; /lshdjl wka;¾.; jkafka M,odhs jevla lsÍu i|yd jk wjia:djka iy idOdrK m%;s,dN fnod fok" jevmf,a iqrCIs; Ndjh" iudchSh wdrCIKhiy ia;%S mqreI hk fomd¾Yjhgu we;s wjia:d iy ie,lSï j, iudkd;au;djhhs'3

wNsjDoaêodhlhskaf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s m%j¾Ok iy iqNidOk wud;HdxYh úiska ms<sfh, lrk ,o Y%ñl ixl%uKh ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;shg 2009 jif¾ wfma%,a udifha§ leìkÜ wkque;sh ,enqKs' Y%u ixl%uK ls%hdj,sh yeisrùu i|yd hymd,kh b;d jeo.;a wx.hla nj fuu m%;sm;a;sh u.ska úfYaIfhka wjOdrKh flf¾' Y%ñl ixl%uKh ms<sn`o cd;sl m%;sm;a;sfha úfYaI ,laIK • ixl%uKfha§ mqreIhkag iy ldka;djkag Tìk iy M,odhs /lshdjl" ksoyia" idOdrK" iqrCIs; iy wNsudkj;a f,i ksr; ùug we;s wjia:djka m%j¾Okh lsÍu

3' http://ww.ilo.org/public/english/region/afpro/addisababa/pdf/dwfaq.pdf

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• rdcH j.lSula f,i ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkaf.a wdrCIdj y÷kd .ekSu' úfYaIfhkau kqmqyqKq iy w¾O mqyqKq Y%ñlhka" ldka;djka iy jhi wjqreÿ 24 g wvq wmfhdackhg iy iqrdlEug f.dÿre úh yels whj¨ka wdrCIKh • YS% ,xldj úfoaY rgj,a iuÕ we;s lr.kq ,nk" ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka i|yd wju m%ñ;Ska ilia lrk .súiqï iy oaùmd¾Yùh tlÕ;djhkays jeo.;alu meyeos,s lr §u' • ksfhdað;hdf.a iy w;rueÈhdf.a ld¾hNdrh o we;=,;aj rcfha iy fm!oa.,sl wxYh hk fowxYfhau úfoia /lshd i|yd n|jd .ekSu úêu;a lsÍu" ta i|yd wjYH flfrk m%ñ;Ska ilia lrk iqmeyeÈ,s iy iúia;rd;aul n|jd .ekSfï m%;sm;a;shla jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu' wksjd¾h ,shdmÈxÑh" fm!oa.,sl n|jd .ekSfï ksfhdað;hkaf.a ish¿ wxYhkays yeisrùu iy md,kh" lemùu iy j.lsjhq;= nj m%j¾Okfhys,d jk ls%hdoduhka ksÍCIKh lsÍu iy kS;s úfrdaê ls%hdldrlï i|yd y÷kd .;a oeä ovqjï hk lreKq o we;=,;a fõ' • fm!oa.,sl n|jd .ekSfï ksfhdað;hka iy Tjqkag Y%ñlhka y÷kajd fokq ,nk ;e/õlrejka úiska isÿlrkq ,nk úIudpdr" n|jd .ekSfï ls%hdodufha we;s Nhdkl ;;a;ajhka" wmfhdackh iy iQrdlEu hk lreKq iïnkaOfhka m%Odk;u fya;=j f,i .efkk w;rueÈhkaaf.a ls%hdldrlïj,g ksfhdað;hka j.lsjhq;= fkdùu hk lreKq u;=fldg oelaùu' • jevìfï Y%ñlhka uqyqKmdk wmyrKhka iSud lsÍu i|yd Wmldr ùu iy ms<shï y÷kd .ekSu'

YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úiska ixl%uK ls%hdodufha § we;súh yels úIudpdr iy jxpdjka je<elaùu i|yd úúO mshjr f.k we;'

tajd w;r ráka

msg;aùug fmr ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka úiska YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys ,shdmÈxÑh wksjd¾h fõ' Y%ñlhka mqyqKq lsÍu iy Tjqkaf.a yelshdjka ÈhqKq lsÍu" fjkia mßirhl /lshd lsÍu i|yd Tjqka iQodkï lsÍu" wdo¾Y .súiqï y÷kajd§u" jvd fyd| /lshd ;;a;ajhka iy by, jegqma Y%ñlhka yg ,nd§ug idlÉPd lsÍu" (Daily Mirror, 2008 a) (Somarathna, 2008 a) Y%u wdkhkh lrk rgj,a iuÕ wjfndaO;d

.súiqï we;slr .ekSu4" n,m;%,dNS n|jd .ekSfï ksfhdað;hka ksÍCIKh" kS;s úfrdaë n|jd .ekSï j<ld,Su" YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh 2009 j¾Ifha§ mk;g f.k tk ,o ixfYdaOkh u.ska jxpksl úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hka j<lajd,Su i|yd ld¾hdxYh iúu;a lsÍu jeks lreKq we;=<;a fõ' 4' ueo fmrÈ. rgj,ska 75] muK wjfndaO;d .súiqï u.ska wdjrKh ù we;'

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ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkaf.aa wdrCIdj m;d úúO mshjr f.k we;' jeä jYfhka ixl%uKh isÿjk rgj, udkqISh iy uQ,Hh iïm;a iys; rdcH;dka;S%l ¥; lKavdhï fiajfha fhoùu fï w;r jeo.;a fõ' úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s m%j¾Ok iy iqNidOk wud;HdxYh iy YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh ;u ls%hdmámdáka ixfYdaOkh iy kùlrKh u.ska ¥Is; ls%hdjka bj;a lsÍu i|yd o mßY%uhla ord we;' ;jo YdLd ld¾hd, ^2008 w.Nd.h jk úg 24la& Èia;s%la ugsgfuka msysgqùu u.ska ;u ld¾hhka úuOH.; lr we;' jxpdj iy ¥IKh je<elaùu i|yd wod, /lshd ksfhdacs; wdh;k iuÕ in|;d we;slr .ekSug" meñKs,s i<ld ne,Sug" úu¾Ykh lsÍug fukau kS;s úfrdaê iy ¥Is; n,m;%,dNS /lshd ksfhdað; wdh;k" mqoa.,hka fyda foaYmd,{hka jqjo jeg,Su i|yd YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh f;dr;=re iy ikaksfõok ;dCIK wdh;kh (ICTA) iuÕ iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lrhs' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxY mßY%h ;=< fmd,sia uqrfmd,la msysgqjd we;s w;r" iEu fmd,sia ia:dkhlu mqyqKqj,;a fmd,sia ks,Odßka fofofkl= ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkaf.a meusKs,s iïnkaOfhka lghq;= lsÍug fhdojd we;' ck yd ixLHd f,aLK fomd¾;fïka;=j u.ska ixl%uKh iïnkaO ixLHd o;a; i|yd cd;sl o;a; uOHia:dkhla msysgqjd" tu.ska ixl%uK rgdjka iy wdldrhka ms<sn| i;H f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSug bv i,iajd we; ^Daily Mirror, 2008&' ñksia fj<|dug ^l=ÜGkh& tfrysj igka lsÍu i|yd wd.uk iy ú.uk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska cd;sl iïm;a uOHia:dkhla újD; lrk ,§' YS% ,xldj ms,smSkh iuÕ —ixl%uKh iïnkaO úfYaIs; wxY ÈhqKq lsÍug iy f.da,Sh wd¾Ólhka w;r iyfhda.s;djh j¾Okh lr .ekSu˜ i|yd wjfndaO;d .súiqulg we;=¿ ùug hhs' (Somaratne, 2008) j.lSfuka lghq;= lsÍug iy iodpdrd;aul n|jd.ekSfï mrsphka iïnkaOfhka n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdacs; wdh;k Èß.ekaùu i|yd fuu jif¾ ^2009& isg hï l%ufõohla u; mokïj" kj fYa%Ks.; lsÍfï l%uhla y÷kajd §ug wfmalaId lrhs' fuys§ .egqï ksrdlrKh lsÍfï yelshdj" Y%ñlhka kj .ukdka;hl msysgqùu" fiia nÿ f.ùu" ksfhdacs;hkag tfrysj we;s kvq" jeks oE mokï fldg .kS (Somasinghe, 2008) ' fuu j¾.SlrK jevms<sfj, hgf;a úúO fpdaokdjkag jerÈlrejka jQ ksfhdacs; wdh;k" úúO fpdaokd iïnkaOfhka wêlrKfha úNd.fjñka mj;sk kvq 10 lg jvd jeä ksfhdacs; wdh;k iy úYaf,aIs; ld,h ;=< tlo Y%ñlhl= fyda n|jd .ekSug wfmdfydi;ajQ ksfhdacs; wdh;k kqiqÿiq ;;a;ajhg m;a fõ' fuys§ fYa%Ks.; ksfhdacs; wdh;k i|yd úfoaY m%j¾Ok jevigyka j,§ jeä bvla ,ndfokq ,nk w;r" úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s m%j¾Ok iy iqN idOk wud;HdxYfha Wmldrh we;sj fjk;a m%;s,dN o ,ndfokq we;'

-12-

ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka iïnkaOfhka hï wdldrhl ls%hd úrys; ;;a;ajhl miqjQ YS% ,xldfõ lïlre ix.ï (Dias & Jayasundera, 2004) uE;l§ m%.;sYS,s mshjrla .ksñka nyf¾ka" fcda¾odka iy l=fõÜ ys isák ;u idudðlhka iuÕ .súiqula w;aika fldg YS% ,dxlsl ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkayg —wka;¾cd;sl jYfhka ms<s.;a m%ñ;Skaj, we;s lïlre whs;Ska kue;s mQ¾K wdrCIKhla (panolply of labour rights included in internationally recognaised standads)˜ ,nd fok ,§'

fuu .súiqï j, md¾Yjlrejka n,dfmdfrd;a;=

jkafka n|jd .ekSu iïnkaO ls%hdldrlï iy úfoaY fiajd ksfhdacs; wdh;k iy w;rueÈhkaf.a ls%hdldrlï iïnkaOj oeä wëCIKh iy md,kh iy;sl lsÍu;a wkq.%dyh u; mokï jQ fiajd .súiqï wjia:djka whq;=f,i fhdod .ekSu uq,skqmqgd oeóu;aah˜ (DailyMirror, 2009) Y%ñlhka mSvdjg m;a lsÍu ie,ls,a,g f.k rch úiska .Dy fiajlhka úfoaY .;ùu ;ykï lrkq ,nk njg m%ldY lrk ,§' ta wkqj n,m;a,dNS õfoaY /;shd ysñhkaf.a ix.uh (ALFEA) iy l=fõÜ ys YS% ,xld ñksian, ixúOdkh (Lanka Manpowewr Association of Kuwait) w;r ¥IKh ke;slsÍu i|yd jk .súiqula w;aika flreKs (Samath, 2008)'

fuh ;j;a tla m%.;sYS,s mshjrls' flfia fj;;a fï ish¿ W;aidyhka w;r jqjo ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka wmfhdackhg ,laùu iy Tjqkaf.a whs;Ska W,a,x>kh ùu os.ska os.gu isÿfjñka mj;S' iQrd lEu msgqoelSu i|yd ls%hdud¾. f.k ;snqko ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka ne?reï .eg¿j,g uqyqK fok w;r" iqrCIs; ixl%uKhla iy mqoa.,hdg WÑ; /lshdjla yd iïnkaO uQ,sl isoaOdka;hka lvfjñka mj;S' by, n|jd .ekSfï .dia;= whlsÍu iy .súiqï lv lsÍu" jegqma fkdf.ùu iy /lshdjla fkdue;sj tf;r rgj, w;rux lrùu jeks úIudpdr fya;=fjka wmfhdackhka isoqjk nj fmfka' (De Soysa,2009) wmfhdackhkag jvd;a f.dÿrejkafkaa úfYaIfhkau /lshd i`oyd msg;aùug fmr wjêfhys jk w;r YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYhg ,efnk meñKs,sj,ska wdikak jYfhka wvla muK m%udKhla n|jd .ekSï yd iïnkaO meñKs,s fõ' ckudOHh u.ska ksrka;rfhka n|jd .ekSfï l%shdmámdáfha§ isÿjk wmfhdack iy jxpd iïnkaO isÿùï jd¾;d lrhs'

WodyrKhla f,i nd,jhialdr .eyeKq <uqka

úfoaY rgj,g ixl%uKh lsÍu i|yd Tjqkaf.a Wmka Èkh fjkia lsÍu oelaúh yel' fujeks isÿùï j, wjidk m%;sM,h jkafka ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka f.dÿrla njg m;aùuhs'

-13-

ßidkdf.a jhi jxpksl f,i fjkia flf¾ 2007 cqks udifha § ßidkd kd*sla keue;a;shg fi!È wrdìfha§ urK oKvkh ysñ jQ w;r .Dy fiaúldjla f,i weh úiska /ln,d.;a mia uia úhe;s orejl=f.a urKh isÿlsÍu iïnkaOfhka jroldßh ù ysi .id oeóug ksfhda. flßKs' ßidkd úiska <orejdg lsß fnda;,fhka lsß fmdjkq ,enQ wjia:dfõ§ Tyqf.a yqiau ysrù we;'

ßidkdf.a ú;a;sfha

kS;s{jrhd m%ldY lr isáfha orejdf.a urKh yÈis wk;=rla nj;a" fuh isÿjQfha <orejka /ln,d .ekSu ms<sn|j wehg we;s w;aoelSï uo nj ksid nj;ah' ßidkd 2004 foieïn¾ iqkdñ jHikfhka ydksjQ uq;a;=¾ys ÿmam;alñka ñßl=Kq uqia,sï .ïudkhl isg meñKs ;reKshls' weh .Dy fiaúldjla f,i fiajh lsÍu i|yd jxpksl f,i ilia l, úfoaY .uka n,m;%hla u.ska 2008 uehs ui 04 jk Èk fi!È wrdìhdjg /f.k f.dia we;s w;r tys§ w,a-Tfnhsí mjq,g fiajh lsÍug isÿúh' wef.a Wmamekak iy;slhg wkqj tu ld,jljdkqj jk úg wef.a jhi 17la jQ kuqÿ jxpksl f,i ilia l, úfoaY.uka n,m;%fha wef.a jhi f,i i|yka jQfha jhi 23 ls' wef.a ienE jhi weh fi!È wrdìfha fiajh lsÍu j<lajd,kakg bv ;snqKs' fï ms<sn|j ie,ls<su;ajQ mqrjeishka" udkj ysñlï ls%hdldÍka iy wdishdkq udkj ysñlï fldñIka iNdj (AHRC) jeks cd;Hka;r ixúOdk fuu ;Skaÿjg úreoaOj wNshdpkd bÈßm;a lrhs' wdishdkq udkj ysñlï fldñIka iNdj iy fi!È wrdìfha isák YS%,dxlslhka úiska uqo,a tla/ia fldg kS;s{fhl= m;afldg 2007 cQ,s ui wef.a ysi.id oeóug yßhgu Èklg fmr tu kvq ;Skaÿjg tfrysj wNshdpkd lsÍug yelsjSu fya;=fjka urK oKavkfhka fíÍug ßidkdg wjidk fudfydf;a wjia:dj Wodúh' ßidkd jir 04 lg wêl ld,hla isr wviaisfha miqjk w;r" wef.a wNshdpkh ;ju;a úNd. fjñka mj;S' ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka jerÈ yqjdoelaùï u; mokïj lrorhg ,laùu je<elaùu i|yd wdh;ksl hdka;%Khla ls%hd;aul lsÍfï we;s wjYH;djh iïnkaOfhka fuu isoaêh b;d jeo.;a WodyrKhls'

úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd jk n|jd .ekSï j,§ we;sjk úIu;d —WÑ; /lshdjlaZ kï ixl,amhg m%;súreoaO fjhs' tfiau wmfhdackhka fndfyda úg oKavkhg hg;a fkdjk iy wmfhdackhka fndfyda f,i bjikq ,nk nj lshefjk iudchl ,laIKhla f,io oelaúh yel'

-14-

2'2 ¥IKh iy iqms<smka Ndjh ks¾jpkh lsÍu g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a wdh;kh úiska ¥IKh hkak ks¾jpkh lrkq ,nkafka —fm!oa.,sl ,dNh Wfoid n,h wksis f,i mdúÉÑ lsÍu˜ hkqfjks' flfia fj;;a iqms<smkaNdjh hkq ¥IKfhka f;drùug;a jvd jeä ;;a;ajhls' fuu wOHkfha myiqj ;ld iqms<smkaNdjh hkak yqÿ ffk;sl wjYH;djhkaf.a Tíng hk i;HjdoS" ish,a,kag iudkj ie,lSu .relrk" wjxlNdjh iy iudc j.lSula iys; iodpdrd;aul yeisÍula f,i ks¾jpkh lr we;' wkdjrKh lsÍu iy uyck iqmÍCIdj hk lreKq iodpdrd;aul yeisÍu u.ska Tijd ;eìh hq;= fõ'

^tlai;a

rdcOdksfhys n|jd .ekSï iy fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd jk tluq;=j - Recruitment and Employment Confederation of UK &

tlai;a rdcOdksfhys /lshd ioyd n|jd .ekSï iy fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd jk tluq;=fõ jD;a;Sh mßphka ix.%yfhys (Code of Proffessional Practices) i|yka wdldrhg l¾udka;hlg wh;a idudðlhka úiska jerÈ m%ldYhla fkdl, hq;= w;r" oekaùï m%pdrKfha§ i;H.rel úh hq;=h' tfiau m%pdrKh l< hq;af;a Tjqkg n|jd .ekSu i|yd ,sÅ;uh wjirh we;s ;k;=re i|yd muKs' hï m;aùula ndr .ekSug fmr iy hï /lshdjla i|yd hï fiajd odhlhl=f.ka fmdfrdkaÿjla ,nd .ekSug fmr ish¿ f.ùï" .Dia;= iy fiajdjka ms<sn| iúia;rd;aulj iy mQ¾K f,i fiajdodhlhkag fy<sorjq l< hq;=h' idudðlhka úiska jD;a;Sh ino;djhkag .rel, hq;= w;r" /lshd n,dfmdfrd;a;=jkakd jQ iy fiajdodhlhkag we;s wjodku ;lafiare lsÍfï§ iqmÍCIdldÍ f,i lghq;= l< hq;=h' Tjqkaj is;du;du wjOdkug ,laùug bv fkdÈh hq;=h' fi!LHh iy wdrlaIdj wjOdkug ,lajk wdldrfha /lshdjla njg is;sh yels lreKq ;sfíkï th /lshd wfmalaIlhskag ieuúgu oekaúh hq;=h'

¥IKh YS% ,xldfõ ish¿ wd¾Ól" foaYmd,ksl" mßmd,kuh iy iudchSh wdh;khkag n,mEula we;s lrhs' th rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl wxYhkays tl yd iudk f,i olakg ,efí'

úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd n|jd f.k /lshd ,nd§fï§ uyd mßudKfha

foaYmd,ksl ¥IKhka isÿúh yelsh' (Parliamentary Center, Canada, 2000) “.%Sia” fyj;a rdcH fiajlhskaf.a j.lSï bgqlsÍu i|yd Tjqkg f.úh hq;= fyda n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk f.ùï fuhg we;=<;a fõ'

fkdfhl=;a kS;s úfrdaë ls%hdjka i|yd ,ndfok fyda

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk f.ùï fm!oa.,sl wxYh ;=< úYd, uÜgñka fyda l=vd uÜgfuka isÿúh yelsh'

iq¿ ¥IKhka" ixl%uKh lsrSfï wNs,dYfhka n|jd .ekSfï

ksfhdacs;hkag ,ndfok w,a,ia wdldrfhka isÿúh yel' w,a,i hkak g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a wdh;kh úiska ks¾jpkh lrkq ,nkafka hï kS;s úfrdaë hula lsÍug fyda -15-

hï l¾udka;hl jHdmdrfha yeisÍu ms<sn| úYajdikSh;ajh ì| fy,Su i|yd jk fm<Uùula f,i hï mqoa.,hl= úiska lrkq ,nk fyda hï mqoa.,fhl=g ,efnk fyda hï ;Hd.hla" Khla" f.ùula" mdßf;daYs;hla fyda wfkl=;a m%;s,dNhla f,ih' fï ish¨ wdldrfha ¥IKhka n|jd .ekSfï§ wod, jk idOdrK;ajh" hqla;sh iy YsIaG;ajh hkakg n,mEula we;s lrhs' ÿmam;a iy mSvdjg ,laùug bvlv we;s wh n|jd .ekSfï ls%hdj,sfhys ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhl iïm;a ks;r wdfhdackh lrkq ,nhs' Tjqka iïnkaOfhka fïjd úYd, n,mEula we;s lrkq ,nhs' ÿIKj, we;s ryiHuh iajNdjh ksidu" ¥IKh .Kkh lsÍu b;d wmyiqh' ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka úiska lrkq ,nk meñKs,sj, m%udKh wmfhdackh" ¥IKh iy iodpdr úfrdaë ls%hdjka we;s nj fmkajk o¾Ylhka úh yelsh' flfia fj;;a ish¿ úkaÈ;hka wod, wdh;k j,g meñKs,s fkdlrk ksid ish¿ úIudpdr j, uÜgu ,efnk meñKs,s m%udKh u.ska úoHudk fkdfõ (Kannangara, 2008)' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxY o;a; fmkajd fok mßÈ 2004 - 2008 w;r ld,h ;=<§ úfoia rgj, fiajh lrkakkaf.ka ,eî we;s meñKs,s m%udKfhka 44] la ,eî we;af;a n|jd .ekSfï wl%ñl;djka iïnkaOfhks' j.=j 01 ( 2004-2008 ld,h ;=< YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh fj; ,eî we;s n|jd .ekSï iïnkaO meñKs,s m%udKh meñKs,s j¾.h fmdfrdkaÿ jQ fõ;kh fkdf.ùu .sú iqu iïmQ¾ K jQ miq kej; furgg fkdtùu w;ruxlsr Su " ndr .ekSu meyer yerSu /lshdjlska f;drj w;ruxlsr Su fiaj d .súiqu lv lsÍu kshu l,g fmr /ls hdj wjika lsÍ u n|jd .ekSu yd iïnkaO uq¿ meñKs,s .Kk ,enqK q uq¿ meñKs,s .Kk n|jd .ekSï iïnkaO meñKs, s" uq¿ meñKs,s j, m%;sY ;hla f,i

2004 1,626

2005 1,709

2006 1,989

2007 1,495

2008 1,698

206

711

725

922

627

13 1,144

541 1,792

1,060 1,152

484 739

131 1,401

3,002

4,789

4,926

3,653

3,913

7,106

9,930

10,829

8,445

9,664

42%

48%

45%

43%

41%

uQ,dY% ( úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh ms<sn| jd¾Isl o;a; jd¾;dj 2008” YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh

-16-

Y%ñlhka msg;aùug fmr ,efnk meñKs,s m%udKh 2007 § 1056 la f,i j¾Okh jQ w;r" th 2008 § 1872 la olajd j¾Okh úh' kuq;a" ixl%uKslhska idudkHfhka Tjqka úiska ksfhdacs;hkag fyda w;rueÈhkag f.jk,o wêl f.ùï ms<sn| YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYhg meñKs,s fkdlrk w;r tajd ie,ls,a,g .;fyd;a fuu m%udKh óg;a jvd by< hd yelsh' ¥IKhkays m%udKh olajk wfkl=;a o¾Ylhka jkafka wêlrK kvq ^2008 § 80la&" w,a,ia fldñiug lrk ,o meñKs,s" ksfhdacs; wdh;k n,m;% wfydais ùfï fyda w¨;a fkdlsÍfï m%udKh" iy wmf,aLK.; ksfhdacs; wdh;jkj, m%udKh ^2008 § YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska 103 iy n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh u.sk 67la& fyda isoqlrk ,o jeg,Sï ^2007 § 51 iy 2008 § 114la&" iy .súiqï lv lsÍï (SLBFE, 2008) yÈis wk;=re" urK wdÈh fjkqfjka f.jk ,o rlaIK uqo,a j, m%udKh ^2006 § 133 iy 2007 § 132& hkdÈhhs' úIudpdrhkays iajNdjh meñKs,s u.ska olajk kuq;a tajd" tys me;sÍu fmkajk ñïula fkdjkafka fndfyda ¥IKhkays úkaÈ;hkaf.a fkdie<ls,a," ndOdldrS ld¾h mámdàka" hqla;sh mis|,d .ekSï i|yd jehl, hq;= ld,h iy uqo,a iy l%uh ms<sn| we;s wúYajdih fya;=fjka lsis Èfkl meñKs,a,la f.dkq lsÍug Tjqyq fkdfm<fUk neúkss' fkdfhl=;a ÿIKhkag ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka keUqre lrùug m%Odk jYfhka Wmldr jk lreKla jkafka ixl%uKsl Y%u n,ldfha ixfhdackhhs' jir 2008 § uq¿ msg;aùï j,ska 49] la ldka;djka jQ w;r" ,enqkq meñKs,s j,ska 80] ksfhdackh jQfha ldka;djkaf.kss' ;jo úfoaY.; jQ ldka;djkaf.a m%udKh m%;sY;hla f,i my, jegqko 2005-2008 olajd ld,h ;=< Tjqkaf.a ,enqkq meñKs,s ixixokd;aulj wvqùula fkdfmkajhs' tu w.h YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYhg ,enqkq uq¿ meñKs,s m%udKfhka 78] - 85] w;r m%udKhla f,i mj;=Ks' (SLBFE, 2009) rEm igyk 2 ( ,enQ meñKs,s 2008 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0

msßñ ldka;d

msßñ

ldka;d

uQ,dY% ( YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh -17-

miq.sh jir j, mej;s fm,.eiau wkqj hñka msg;ajhEï m%udKh yd ii|k l, meñKs,s j,ska by<u m%;sY;hla ,eî we;af;a .Dy fiajlhkaf.ka ^6'65]& jk w;r tu w.h uq¿ meñKs,s m%udKfhka 75] lss' kqmqyqKq Y%ñlhkaf.ka ,o meñKs,sj, m%udKh uq¿ msg;aùï j, m%;sY;hla f,i 1'77] w.hla jQ w;r" th uq¿ meñKs,s m%udKfhka 10'91] ls' wju meñKs,s m%udKhla m%;sY;h ,eî we;af;a jD;a;slhkaf.ka ^0'5]& jQ w;r th uq¿ m%udKfhka 0'13] la úh' ;j;a fmkS hk lreKla jkafka wfkl=;a rgj,a i|yd msg;aj hEï yd iei£fï§ ueo fmrÈ. msysá rgj,a iïnkaOfhka by,u meñKs,s m%udKhlA ,eîuhs' ;jo ueofmrÈ. rgj,a jk fi!È wrdìh" l=fõgh" tlai;a wrdì tó¾ rdcHh" lgd¾" ´udkh" fcda¾odkh iy f,nkkh hk rgj,g msg;aj hk ldka;djka iy .Dy fiajlhka úYd, jYfhka mSvdjg ,lafj;s'5 rEm igyk 3 ( ksmqK;d uÜgu u; ,enqkq meñKs,s ^m%;sY;h& - 2008 0.36% 0.49% 0.40%

0.13%

12.88%

10.91%

74.82%

.Dy fiajlfhda

,sm sldr iy wfkl=;a

kqm qyqKq

w¾O mqyqKq

jD;a;shuh

mqyqKq

uOHu uÜgfï

by; o;a; meyeÈ,s f,i fmkakqï lrkafka ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhska mSvdjg m;aùu je<elaùu i`oyd rcfha oeä /ljrKh wjYH jk kuqÿ we;eï .eg¿ Tjqkaf.a fm!oa.,sl u;s u;dka;r yd yeisÍï ksid isÿjk njh' jxpkslhka iuÕ fydr ryfia iïnkaO ù idjoH ,shlshú,s ,nd .ekSu" úfoaY.; ùfï§ ksis f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSfuka f;drj ;SrK .ekSu" n|jd .kakka flfrys wksis mQ¾K úYajdihka we;s lr .ekSu" ksishdldrj mqyqKqj i`oyd iyNd.S ù fkd;sîu" msgrg /lshdj i|yd kqiqÿiq udkisl yd 5' ish¿ meñKs,s fuys wvx.= fõ' n|jd .ekSï yd iunkaO fpdaokd f.kyer oelaùu i|yd iúia;rd;aul o;a; ,nd.; fkdyel

-18-

YdÍßl ;;ajhka j,ska fyìùu" Tjqka úiska l< hq;= /lshdfõ iajNdjh yd /lshd ia:dkfha ixialD;sh ms<sn| fidhd fkdne,Su" {d;Skaj yerod meñKSu ksid we;sjk idxldj iy ta yryd ydïmq;=kag .eg¿ldÍ ;;ajhla we;s lsÍu iy úfoaY rgj, isák wfkl=;a YS% ,dxlsl ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkaf.a /jàug fyda n,mEug ;¾ckhg hg;aj fkdfhl=;a wmpdrhkag iy iodpdrd;aul fkdjk yeisÍï j,g fm<öu jeks lreKq fuhg we;=,;a fõ (Samath, 2008b)' Tjqkaf.a ls%hdjka foaYSh6 yd úfoaYSh ksfhdacs;hkag yd fiajd fhdaclhskag ie,lsh hq;= uQ,Huh mdvq isÿ lrhs' n|jd .ekSfï§ ;sìh hq;= iqms<smkakNdjh iy úfoaY.;ùfï iqrlaIs;Ndjh WÑ; /lshdjla i|yd wjYH jk uQ,sl lreK fõ'

ixl%uKh fndfyda wjia:d j,§

wdfhdackhla jk w;r th wvq wdodhï,dNS mjq,a j,ska meñfKk Y%ñlhskag ie,lsh hq;= m%;s,dNhlss' thg iudcuh msrsjehla o we;' ¥IKh" iodpdrd;aul fkdjk yeisÍu iy jxlNdjh ksid ixl%uKh i|yd iqrlaIs; mßirhla ,nd§ug wfmdfydi;a ùu wfmalaIs; Y%ñlhskaf.a iy Tjqkaf.a mjq,a j,g wksis f,i n,mEï we;slrhs' mj;sk wdh;ksl iy mßmd,ksl rduqj, ÈhqKqjla olakg ,enqKo úIupdr ;ju;aa isÿfjñka mj;S' (De Soysa, 2009) ;djld,sl Y%u ixl%uKh yd iïnkaO ish¿ md¾Yjhkaf.a wjidk b,lalh úh hq;af;a wjdisodhl m%;sM, wvq lsÍu;a" jdisodhl wjika m%;sM, jeä lsÍu;ah' —wmkhkh˜ lrk ,o Y%ñlhskaf.a m%udKh u; iy Tjqka úiska rgg f.k tk wdodhu u; ñkqïlrKh lrk ,o —l¾udka;hla˜ f,i ie,l=Ko fuu wmkhkh ukqIHhska nj;a rfÜ ;SrKd;aul iïm;a jk nj;a" wu;l fkdl< hq;=h' tuksid imhd we;s f;dr;=re .eUqre f,i wOHhkhlg n÷ka lsÍfï wjYH;djh iy fkdfhl=;a wdldrfha ¥Is; ls%hdjka y÷kd .ekSu i|yd jeäÿr mÍCIK lsÍu wjYH fõ' rcfha iy wfkl=;a md¾Yjhkaf.a jeäÿr ueÈy;aùug myiqlï ie,iSu i|yd ud¾f.damfoaYkhla f,i f;dr;=re f.dkq lsÍu jeo.;a jk w;r tu.ska Y%ñlhkag ixl%uKfha§ iqrCIs; mßirhla we;s lrhs' fuu jd¾;dj fldgia 04 lska iukaú; fõ' ye¢kaùu" wOHhkh i|yd fhdod.kakd ,o l%ufõoh" fkdfhl=;a ixl%uK ud¾.hka y÷kd .ekSu yd idlÉPd lsÍu iy ¥IK wjodkï we;s lsÍug fya;=jk ffk;sl yd wdh;ksl ÿ¾j,;d yqjd oelaùu" úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd nojd .ekSfï§ isÿjk fkdfhla wkaofï wl%ñl;d iy ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkaf.a wdl,am y÷kd .ekSu" úYaf,aIKh" idrdxYh iy ks¾foaYhka hk wxY hgf;a jd¾;dfõ f;dr;=re fm<.iajd ;sfí'

6' http://www.alfea.org/blacklist.php

-19-

3' l%ufõoh fuu wOHhkh isÿlrkq ,enqfõ 2008 fkdjeïn¾ iy 2009 uehs ui w;r ld,fha§h' 1985 wxl 21 orK YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s mk; 2009 Tlaf;daïn¾ ui ixfYdaOkh lsÍfuka miqj" kj ixfYdaOkh ie,ls,a,g .ksñka th hdj;ald,Sk lrkq ,eîh' fuu jd¾;dj iïmdokh lrkq ,enqfõ tf;r n|jd .ekSï j, jxpdldÍ ls%hdjka ms<sn| o< woyila ,nd §ug;a /lshd wfmalaIs; mqoa.,hkag mdroDYH" idOdrK iy iQrdlEï j,ska f;dr mßirhla ,nd§u i|yd jk ls%hdoduhka we;slr,Su i`oyd odhl ùu;a wruqKq lrf.kh' fuu wOHhkfha uQ,sl wruqK jQfha" • úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd n|jd .ekSfï§ ud¾f.damfoaYkh i|yd mj;sk rduqj we.ehSug ,la lsÍu' • úúOdldrfha jxpd" ¥IK iy wfkl=;a úIudpdr y¥kd.ekSu iy n|jd .ekSfï ls%hdoduhg n,mdk uQ,sl .eg¿ úYaf,aIKh lsÍu' fuu jd¾;dj i`oyd l%ufõohkays iïñY%Khla fhdod.;a w;r jd¾;d yd ,sms f,aLK" iïuqL idlÉPd" wOHhk lrk ,o isoaëka yd idlÉPd iy wod, f;dr;=re n|jd .ekSfï ls%hdoduhg iïnkaO úúO md¾Yjhkaf.ka ,nd .ekSu i|yd l%shd lrk ,§' • m<uqj" ióCIK ud;Dldjg wod, f;dr;=re idlÉPd iy f,aLk úu¾YK ;=<ska ,nd.;a w;r wod< ksfhdað;hkaf.a ld¾hd,j, ,nd.; yels jd¾;d" Tjqkaf.a m%ldYk iy Tjqkaf.a fjí wvú j,ska Wmqgd .kakd ,o .=Kd;aul iy m%udKd;aul o;a; fhdod .eksKs' • fojkqj" g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld iy ldka;d wOHhk flakao%fhys Wmfoia u; ióCIK fufyhqï lñgqjla ^Wmf,aLkh 1& msysgqùh'

Tjqka f;dr;=re j,

wod<;ajh iy ksrjoH;djh iy;sl lsÍu i|yd foj;djla /iajk ,§' • ;=kajkqj" ldka;d wOHhk flakaøfha fcHIaG ióCIlhka úiska úúO wNsjDoaêodhlhka ksfhdackh lrk uQ,sl f;dr;=re iïmdolhska 20 fofkl= iu. iïuqL idlÉPd .eUqßka lrk ,§' n|jd .ekSfï ls%hdoduh ms<sn|j f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug;a" lreKq ksYaÑ; lr .ekSug iy ióCIK m%;sM, j, we;s fkd.e,mSï idlÉPd lsÍu i|yd;a fm!oa.,sl

-20-

yuqùï iy iuQy idlÉPd meje;aùh' fuh lñgq idudðlhska w;r idlÉPdjka lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug;a f;dr;=re j, ksrjoH;djh iy;sl lr .ekSug;a fm!oa.,sl keñhdjka wvq lsÍug;a" WmldÍ úh' jd¾;dfõ flgqïm; wNsjDoaêodhlhkaf.a woyia iy úu¾Ykh i|yd fnodyßk ,o w;r" tajd wjidk jd¾;djg we;=,;a lrk ,§' • wk;=rej ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhska fhdodf.k 2008 jif¾ y;r jk ld¾;=fõ§ ksheÈ ióCIK isÿlrk ,§'

fuu ióCIKh i|yd f;dard.kq ,enqfha ixl%uKslhkaf.a

yelshd uÜgu" ia;S% mqreI Ndjh" cd;sl;ajh iy msg;aj hk rgj,a hk lreKqh' tfiau n|jd .kakkaf.a m%Odk ldKavhka" by< ixl%uKsl m%udKhka fmkajk m%foaY msysá fld<U" ud;f,a iy mq;a;,u Èia;s%lal hk lreKq o ie,ls,a,g .kakd ,§' iïuqL idlÉPdj meje;ajQfha m%;spdr olajkakkag jvd;a myiq isxy, fyda fou< NdIdjkaf.ks' fuu ióCIKfha§ ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhska 222 fofkl= Èia;s%lal 3 l jevìï j,§ iïuqL idlÉPdjg Ndckh lrk ,§' m%;spdr oelajQjka ldKav 04 ls" ^w& ixl%uKh lsrSug wfmalaIdfjka isák Y%ñlhska ^wd& kej; meñKs Y%ñlhska w;ßka ixl%uKh lsrSug wfmalaIdfjka isgsk Y%ñlhska ^we& 2008" 2009 jk úg úfoaYhka ys fiajd kshqla;sh n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjQ kej; meñKs Y%ñlhska ^wE& ióCIK ld, mßÉfÊoh w;r ;=r fiajd kshqla;sh ,nd .ekSug W;aidy fldg wiu;a jQ fyda fkdyels jQ mqoa.,hska zwZ iy Zwdz hkafkys we;=<;a jk m%;spdr oelajQjkaa 2008-2009 ld,h ;=< úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd ixl%uKh lsÍug hï mshjrhka f.k we;s w;r zweZ iy zwEZ we;=,;a mqoa.,hka 2003-2008 olajd ld, mrdih wdjrKh lrhs' b,lal.; ksheoslrKh ^Purposive Sampling& hk l%ufõoh fuys§ fhdod.;a w;r by; m<uq ;=ka fldgi i|yd ixl%uKslhka 20 l muK m%udKhla m<uq lKavdhï 03 i|yd tla tla Èia;s%lalfhka f;dard.kakd ,§' 4 jk fldgi i|yd mqoa.,hka 10-15 ;a muK m%udKhla f;dard.kakd ,§' fuu ksheÈh ldka;djka 138 fofkl=f.ka iy mqreIhska 84 fofkl=f.ka iukaú; jQ w;r Tjqkaf.ka nyq;rh wjqreÿ 20-39 olajd jk jhia ldKav j,g wh;a jQ wh jQy' th isxy," fou< iy uqia,Sï cd;slhska ksfhdackh l< w;r isxy, nyq;rh fld<U -21-

Èia;s%lalfhkao oñ< cd;slhska ud;f,a Èia;s%lalfhka o uqia,sï cd;slhska mq;a;,ï Èia;s%lalfhka o úh' ksheÈfha nyq;rh újdyl wh jQ w;r bkamiq újdy fkdjQ Y%ñlhska o" jekaoUqjka iy fjkqjqKq fyda Èlalido jQjka o úh' ish,a,ka yh jeks fYa%Kshg jvd wOHdmkh ,nd we;s w;r" ;sfofkl= muKla mdi,a f.dia ;snqfka ke;' mqoa.,hka oyih fofkl= 01 fjks fYa%Ksh iy 5 jk fYa%Kska w;r wOHdmkhla ,nd we;' Wiia fm< úNd.h iu;a m%;spdr olajk ,o mqoa.,hka 15 fokd meñK isáfha fld<U Èia;s%lalfhka iy mq;a;,ï Èia;s%lalfhks' iqÿiqlula fkdue;s njhs'

ldka;djkaf.ka 85] m%ldY lr isáfha Tjqkag jD;a;sh fuh mqreIhka iïnkaOfhka 22] w.hla .kS'

wfkl=;a

mqoa.,hska tllg tlla fjkia yelshdjka ork wh jQ w;r ld¾ñl" ueIska ls%hdlrùu" fïikajre" jvq l¾udka;h" f.j,a mska;dre lsÍu" je,aäka lsÍu" rEm,djkH lghq;= iy bjqï msyqï lghq;= lsÍu tajd w;r fõ'

m%;spdr olajkakkaf.ka 62] fuhg fmr

/lshdjl kshq;= ù ke;s w;r ;djld,sl moku u; /lshdfõ fhfok ldka;djkaf.a m%udKh msßñkag jvd jeä w.hla .kq ,eîh' ixl%uKh lsÍug wfmaCIdfjka isá nyq;r Y%ñlhska ueo fmrÈ. rgj, /lshd wjia:d fiùug ie,iqï lrk w;r msg;aj hdug wfmaCId lrk ,o wfkl=;a rgj,a jkafka lekvdj" ihsm%ia" BY%dh,h" b;d,sh" ud,Èjhsk" isx.mamQrej" uef,aishdj" fldßhdj iy cmdkhhs' fndfyda fokd úfoaY.; jkafka .Dy fiaúldjka jYfhka jk w;r wfkl=;a mqoa.,hska lïlrejka" msßisÿ lrkakka" f.dúm, w;a Woõlrejka" ßhÿrka" wrlaleñhka" fïika ndiajreka" úÿ,s ld¾ñl Ys,amSka iy jEoaÿïlrejka f,i fiajh lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;=j isáhy' ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhskaf.a miqìu" mdúÉÑ lrk ,o ixl%uK ud¾.h" f;dard.kakd ,o ud¾.fha kS;Hdkql+,Ndjh ms<sn|j we;s oekqj;alu" lrk ,o f.ùï iy tu f.ùï j, úia;rh" wjYH ,shlshú,s ,nd .;a mqoa.,hd" mqyqKqj,g iyNd.s ùu" ffjoH mÍCIK" .súiqfï wka;¾.;h ms<sn| we;s oekqj;a Ndjh iy m%;spdr olajkakka YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys ,shdmÈxÑ ù we;ao hk f;dr;=re fuu m%Yakdj,sfhka ,nd .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh' kej; meñKs mqoa.,hska tu rgj,oS ms<s.ekSu" /lshdj" .súiqu" meñKs,a,la lf,akï ta ms<sn|j iy ,enqKq jkaÈ ms<sn|j w;sf¾l m%Yak wik ,§' wiu;a jQ ixl%uKslhkaf.ka úfYaIfhka wik ,o m%Yak fjkajQfha Tjqkaf.a fhdað; /lshdj i|yd jQ rg" mdúÉÑ lrk ,o ixl%uK l%uh" wiu;a ùug fya;= iy lrk ,o f.ùï .ekh' Bg wu;rj m%;spdr olajkakkaf.ka n|jd .ekSfï ls%hdoduh ;=< olakg ,efnk ¥IK ms<sn|j Tjqkaf.a fm!oa.,sl wdl,amh o úuik ,§'

-22-

Bg wu;rj úfoaY.; ùu i|yd W;aidy fldg th wiu;a jQ mqoa.,hska 42 fofkl=f.ka hq;= ksheÈhlska 30 fofkl= jeäÿr mÍCIKh i|yd ksheÈhla f,i fhdodf.k isoaê wOHhkh f.dvke.Su isÿlrk ,§' úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd n|jd .ekSfï§ mek k.sk .eg¿j, iajNdjh ms<sn| jvd fyd| wjfndaOhla ,nd.ekSu i|yd Tjqka §¾> f,i idlÉPdfjys fhoùh' fuu wOHhkfhys iSudjka lsysmhls' m<uqj fhdod.kakd ,o ksheÈfha m%udKh i,ld ne,Sfï§ fuu ióCIKh ish¿u ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka ksfhdackh lrk nj ie,lsh fkdyel'

flfia fj;;a th j;auka ¥IKhka iy fkdfhla wdldrfha mj;akd

úIudpdrhka ms<sn|j woyila ,ndfohs' fojkqj m%Odk jYfhka iïm;a ysÕlu fya;=fjka ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkag wjodkï rys; mßirhla iy;sl lsÍu i|yd foaYSh iy úfoaYSh ksfhdað; wdh;k w;r we;s iïnkaO;djh fukau YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajh iy lïlre iy iqNidOk ks,Odßkaf.a ld¾h Ndrh úYaf,aIKh lsÍug fkdyels úh'

tfiau n|jd .ekSï ls%hdj,sh ;=<

jeo.;a ld¾hNdrhla bgqlrk fmd,sish iy wd.uk ú.uk fomd¾;fïka;=j o fuys§ ie,ls,a,g ,la fkdùh' wfkla ndOdjka jkafka úfoaY /lshd i|yd n|jd .kakd wdh;khkays wNHka;ßl f,aLk iy o;a;hkag m%fõY ùug we;s wmyiqjh' wjidk jYfhka ¥Is; .Kqfokq j, ryiHuh iajNdjh iy tajd iïnkaO ù we;s cd,hka mj;akd úIudpdrhka we.hSu ÿIalr;djhlg m;a lrhs' jvd;a iúia;rd;aul m%;sM,hla i|yd §¾> ld,hla mqrd lrkq ,nk úêu;a mÍCIKhla wjYH fõ' flfia fj;;a tjekakla fuu wOHhkfha § wfmalaId fkdflf¾'

ksheÈ ióCIKfha§ ,nd.kakd ,o o;a; ilia lsßu iy

úYaf,aIKh ldka;d wOHhk flakao%fhys ixLHd f,aLK wxYh u.ska isÿlrk ,§'

-23-

4' ixl%uKsl ud¾.hka ;djld,sl Y%u ixl%uKslhka /lshdjla fidhd .ekSu i|yd úúOdldrfha ud¾. fhdod.ks;s' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh iy iSudiys; YS% ,xld úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; fm!oa.,sl iud.u jeks rdcH wdh;khka n,m;%,dNS tackais wdh;k fukau mqoa.,hka iy n,m;% rys; tackais wdh;k tu ud¾.hkag we;=,;a fõ' fuu ióCIKfha§ fy<sorõ jQ lreKq wkqj n,m;%,dNS tackais wdh;khla yryd ixl%uKhg W;aidy orñka isáfha fyda W;aidy ord we;af;a 41] l m%udKhla muKla jk w;r" YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh yryd th isÿj we;af;a 1] la muKs ^kej; ixl%uKh l, 12 fofkl= o we;=,;aj&' wl%uj;a cd,hla yryd úfoaY /lshd fidhd.;a Y%ñlhkaf.a m%udKh n,m;%,dNS tackais wdh;k yryd /lshd fidhd.;a m%udKh yd iudk fõ' 17] l m%udKhla ixl%uKh i|yd w;rueÈhka fhdod f.k we;' j.=j 2 ( ióCIKfha § m%;spdr olajkakka úiska fhdod.;a ixl%uksl ud¾. ud¾.hka

m%udKh

uqq¿ m%udKfha m%;sY;hla f,i

n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k

115

40'8

w;rueÈhka$;e/õlrejka

17'0

wl%uj;a cd,hka

115

40'8

YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hd,h

1'1

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0'3

iïmQ¾K ixLHdj

282

100'0

ixl%uKh i|yd W;aidy fldg wid¾:l jQ /lshd wfmalaIs;hka fuu ish¿ ud¾.hka Tiafia W;aidy ord we;' Y%ñlhka 42 fkl=f.ka hq;= fuu ldKavfha 29 fofkl= Tjqka ¥IKhkag f.dÿreùfï we;s wjodkï iy.;Ndjh jeälr .ksñka w;rueÈhka fyda wl%uj;a cd,hka jeks n,m;% rys; uQ,dY% fhdodf.k we;s w;r bka 12 fofkl= muKla ms<s.;a uQ,dY% fhdodf.k we;' isoaê wOHhkhka fmkajd fok mßÈ by, jegqma f.jk rgj,a i|yd Y%ñlhska heùu ms<sn| m%ùk;ajhla olajk úfYaIs; jQ ryia cd,hka iu. w;rueÈhka in|;d mj;ajhs' flfia fj;;a Tjqkaj kS;Hdkql+,j ms<sfkd.efka' ,efnk ms<s;=re j,ska fmkS hkafka n,m;%,dNS tackais wdh;k f;dard.;a ixl%uKslhka o ¥IKhkag we;s wjodkug uqyqK fok njhs' -24-

rEm igyk 4 ( wmfhdackfha úúO uÜgï ms<sn|j Y%ñlhkaf.a u;h iïmQ¾Kfhka tlÕ fõ

hï ;rula tlÕ fõ

iïmQ¾Kfhka tlÕ fkdfõ

wod, ke;

hï ;rulg tl. fkdfõ

m%;spdr ixLHdj

50 40 30 20 10 0 /lshdjka i|yd n|jd .ekSfï§ fndfyda wmfhdac khka isÿfõ'

ksfhdað ;hka ;ukag idOdrK f,i ie,l+y

.eg¿ldÍ wjia:dj,§ lsisjl=;a ;ukaf.a wdrlaI djg fkdisáfhah'

m%ldYh

n|jd .ekSfï§ we;s wjysr;d u.yrjd .ekSu i|yd wjYH m%u dKj;a f;dr;=re ud i;= fkdùh

YS% ,xldj ;=< úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd n|jd .ekSï fndfydaÿrg isÿlrkq ,nkafka YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh7 .ekSfï ksfhdað; wdh;k u.sks'

u.ska wkqu; n,m;%,dNS fm!oa.,sl n|jd

kuq;a wl%uj;a fyda n,m;% rys; cd,hka u.ska

fiajdfhdaclhd úiska iDcq n|jd .ekSï lrk wjia:d o olakg ,efí' 1985 wxl 21 orK mk; u.ska n,m;%,;a úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh msysgqjkq ,enqfha ixl%uKh i|yd iqrCIs; mßirhla tys idudðlhskag imhd§u iy;sl lsÍughs' 2008 j¾Ih ;=<§ 628 la jQ n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k" uq¿ msg;ajhEï j,ska 64] la i|yd odhljQ w;r msg;aj hEï 36] isÿù we;af;a wl%uj;a cd,hka fyda —mqoa., moku˜ u;h' (SLBFE, 2009) weia;fïka;=.; n,m;% rys; ksfhdað; wdh;k 400 la muK ^n,m;%,dNS

ksfhdað; wdh;k j, m%;sY;hla f,i 60] lg jvd jeä w.hla .kS& kS;Hdkql+, fkdjk f,i ls%hd;aul jk nj jd¾;d fõ (Colombo Page, 2008)' wfkla kS;Hdkql+, fkdjk kuq;a jeo.;a ls%hdldßlhd jkafka n,m;% iys; iy n,m;% rys; ksfhdað; wdh;k fjkqfjka Y%ñlhka n|jd .kakd 20"000 la muK jk w;rueÈhka fõ (Martin, 2008)' ixl%uKh lrkq ,nk wdldrhka" tu ud¾.hkays me;sr we;s ¥IKhkag ,laùug we;s wjodku iy iqms<smkak Ndjh fkdue;s ùuo" ixl%uKsl w;rueÈhka úiska kS;s Í;s iy fr.=,dis W,a,x>kh lsÍuo hk lreKq bÈß fldgia j,§ idlÉPd flf¾'

7' 1985 wxl 21 orK YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh mkf;a 22 jk j.ka;sh

-25-

4'1 YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh mk; hgf;a 1985 § f.dvk.k ,o YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úfoaY Y%u ixl%uKh l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| j.lSï orK uQ,sl wdh;khhs' fuh úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s m%j¾Ok iy iqNidOk wud;HdxYh hgf;a ls%hd;aul fõ' ixia:dmkh lrk ,o mkf;a olajd we;s wdldrhg YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys uQ,sl wruqKq w;r mk;ska oelafjk n|jd .ekSï ^25 j.ka;sh& iy fr.=,dis ^15 j.ka;sh& l%shd;aul fõ' n|jd .ekSu • ld¾hdxYh u.ska úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s tackais wdh;khl ld¾hh lrf.k hdug yels w;r imhk ,o ´kEu fiajdjla i|yd .dia;= whl, yel' fr.=,dis$yeisrùu • úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ksfhdað; wdh;k j, ld¾hhka yeisrùu' • úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; wdh;k j,g YS% ,xldfjka msg; /lshdjka i|yd n|jd .ekSfï ld¾hh i|yd n,m;% ksl=;a lsÍu iy tu n,m;% j, fldkafoais ;SrKh lsÍu' • fiajd .súiqï i|yd m%ñ;Ska ;SrKh lsÍu iy idlÉPd lsßu • n|jd .ekSfï .súiqï l%uj;a lsÍu i|yd wod, úfoaY n,Odß" fiajd fhdaclhka iy /lshd kshqla;s ksfhdað; wdh;k iuÕ .súiqï j,g t<öu' • idOdrK fõ;khla iy fiajd m%ñ;Ska iy;sl lrkq ,nk wdo¾Y fiajd .súiqula f.dvke.Su iy ls%hd;aul lsÍu • úfoaY /lshd i|yd msg;aj hk YS% ,dxlslhkag ksl=;a lrk ,shelshú,s j, ks¾joH;djh mÍCId lsÍu' n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k iuÕ taldnoaO ù wfmalaIs; ixl%uKslhkayg mqyqKqj ,nd§u iy y÷kajd§u (Orientation) isÿlsÍu" f;dr;=re o;a; nexl=jla we;s lsÍu iy mj;ajdf.k hdu tf;r /lshd i|yd msg;ajk YS% ,dxlslhska m%udKfha j¾Okhka ksÍCIKh iy n|jd.;a mqoa.,hskag wjYH iyfhda.h ,nd§u jeks oE tys wfkl=;a ls%hdldrlï j,g we;=,;a fõ' fuu wOHhkh u.ska YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh ;=< mj;akd ¥IK wjodkï .Kkdjla y÷kd .ekqks'

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wOHCIl uKav,h ;=< we;s neÈhdjka w;r .egqu wOHCIl uKav,fhka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka ld¾hdxYfha lghq;= mßmd,kh lsÍu;a" tu wruqK i|yd ld¾hdxYh i;= ish¿ n,;, iy j.lSï mdúÉÑ lsÍu iy bgqlsÍu;a ^10 j.ka;sh&' fuu n,;, ld¾hdxYfha iNdm;sjrhdg" wOCIljrfhl=g fyda fiajlfhl=g úuOH.; l, yel ^11 j.ka;sh&' úOdkhka ,nd§ug" f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSug iy YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh ls%hdjka úu¾YKhg weu;sjrhdg n,;, we;' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys lghq;= j,§ Yla;su;a yvla ke.Sug yelshdjla ksfhdað; wdh;k j,g ,nd§ we;' idudðlhka 11 fofkl=f.ka hq;= wOHCIl uKav,fha idudðlhka 04 fofkl=u ksfhdackh lrkafka ksfhdað; wdh;khs' tla w;lska fuu ksfhdað; wdh;k j, ksfhdackh l¾udka;h iïnkaOfhka YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úiska hï ;SrKhla .ekSfï§ WmldÍ jk w;r" úfYaIfhkau tys j¾Okhg iy ÈhqKqjg iy Y%ñlhkaf.a wdrlaIdjgo jeo.;a fõ' flfiafj;;a YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh m%;sm;a;s yd kS;s Í;s yiqrejkakd iy ls%hdlrjkakd o jk ksid ksfhdað;hkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh hï hï wruqKq w;r .egqula we;slsÍug bjy,a úh yelsh' ryiH f;dr;=re yd lghq;= j,g iïnkaO ùug wjia:dj ,eîfuka uKav,h ;=< isák n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k wfkla ksfhdað; wdh;k j,g fkd,efnk wksis jdishla ,nhs' ¥Is; ksfhdað; wdh;k j,g tfrysj lghq;= lsÍug hdfï§ Tjqkaf.a ksfhdackh YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfha ks,Odßkag ndOdjla úh yel' uKav,h ;=< n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k j, ksfhdað;hkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh ksid jerÈlrk ksfhdað; wdh;k j,g tfrysj lghq;= lsÍug tu ks,Odßka miqng jk nj jd¾;d ù we;s nj wNsjDoaêodhlhka iuÕ mej;s iïuqL idlÉPdj,§ meyeÈ,s úh' jir lsysmhla mqrdu tlu n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;kj, ksfhdað;hka lsysm fofkl= muKla fuu ks,h fynùfuka u;jd§uh .egqï iy ¥IKhg we;s keUqre;djh by, hhs'

fuu .eg¿j y÷kd .ksñka uKav,h úiska

;SrKh fldg we;af;a uKav,h úiska .kq ,nk hï lsis ;SrKhla yd .efgk hula isÿjkafka kï n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k j, ksfhdað;hka ;ukaf.a jHdmdßl in`o;djh fy<sl, hq;= nj;a" ;ukag iDcqj n,mdk hï .eg¿jla idlÉPdjg .ekSfï§ thska bj;a ùu fyda thg iyNd.s fkdù isàug wod, ksfhdað; wdh;k l%shd l< hq;= nj;ah' (De Soysa, 2009) flfia kuq;a fuu wOHhkh u.ska Wla; kS;sh fldf;la ÿrg ms<smÈkafkao hkak mÍCId lr ne,Sug fkdyels úh' iqNidOl ks,Odßka iy lïlre n,Odßka ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkaf.a wjYH;d i<ld ne,Su i|yd iqNidOl ks,Odßka iy lïlre n,Odßka YS% ,dxlsl ;dkdm;s ld¾hd, j, fldkai,a wxYhg wkqhqla;j m;alrkq -27-

,nkafka YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh iy lïlre wud;HdxYh u.sks' Tjqkaf.a m;aùï lsÍfï§ isÿù we;s wl%ñl;d iy jxpksl ls%hd ú.Kldêm;sf.a iy rdcH wdh;k i|yd jk md¾,sfïka;= wkq lñgqfõ úfõpkhg ,laù we;' WodyrKhla f,i 2005 j¾Ih i|yd wod, YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh .sKqï mÍCId lsÍfï§ ú.Kldêm;sjrhd m%ldY lrkafka ld¾hdxYh úiska jhi wjqreÿ 60 g jeä ks,Odßka fofofkl= uef,aishdfõ iy fcda¾odkfha iqNidOk ks,Odß ;k;=r i|yd m;alsÍfï§ leìkÜ wkque;sh ,ndf.k fkdue;s njh' (Sri Lanka Parliament, 2007)' 2007 rdcH jHjidh ldrl iNd jd¾;dfõ i|yka jk wkaoug (Sri Lanka Parliament, 2007) lñgqfõ úfYaI wjOdkh fhduqjQ ldrKhla jkafka fldßhdfõ oekg fiajfhys fhdojd we;s iqNidOl ks,Odßkaf.a n|jd .ekSu iïnkaOjhs' th m%ldY lr isákafka Tjqkaf.a oeä fkdi;=g fuu ks,Odßhdj f;dard m;alr.;a mqoa.,hskag m<lrk njhs' ;jo th m%ldY lr isáfha jhi 64 g jeä ks,Odßka fofofkl= leìkÜ wkque;sh fkdue;sj úfoaY rgj, iqNidOl ks,Odßka f,i m;alr we;s nj;a wkque;sh ,;a mqoa.,hka 13 fofkl=f.ka iukaú; lKavdhula iuÕ fjk;a jeämqr ks,Odßka 04 fofkl= m;alrkq ,en we;s nj;ah' j¾I 2007 i|yd jk .sKqï iïnkaOfhka ú.Kldêm;sjrhd ;u jd¾;dfjka mjikafka leìkÜ ;SrKhg úreoaOj hñka wju iqÿiqlï imqrd fkd;snQ ks,Odßka 05 fofkl= fldkaiqh,¾ ks,Odßka $ lïlre ks,Odßka f,i úfoaY ;dkdm;s ld¾hd, j,g m;alr we;s njhs' ;jo úfoaY iqNidOl ks,Odß ;k;=rg we;=¨ùug wkque;sh ,;a lKavdhu 13 la jqjo tu m%udKhg jvd jeäfhka ;j;a ks,Odßka 04 fofkl= n|jd f.k we;s nj tu jd¾;dfõo i`oykah' fuu wkque;sh ,;a lKavdhug iïnkaëlrK ks,Odß ;k;=r wod, fkdjQj;a fuu ;k;=r i|yd ks,Odßka 04 fofkl= uyd NdKavd.drfha l<ukdlrK fomd¾;fïka;=fõ wjirfhka f;drj n|jdf.k we;' (Sri Lanka Parliament, 2008)

ú.Kldêm;sjrhd iy rdcH jHjidh ldrl iNdj úiska fuu ksÍCIKhka isÿlr we;s ksid iqNidOk ks,Odßka n|jd .ekSu i|yd hï l%fudamdhla ieliSug YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh mshjr f.k we;'8 wNsjDoaêodhlhska olajk ;j;a u;hla ù we;af;a fuu iqNidOk ks,Odßka foaYmd,k m;aùï ,enQjka nj;a Tjqka wvq wOHdmk iqÿiqlï iys; /lshdj ms<sn| wvq Wkkaÿjla olajk ;u n,h wksis f,i Ndú;d lrkq ,nk iy wod, fkdjk iy kS;s úfrdaê ls%hdjkays ksr; jk msßila nj;ah'

ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkaf.ka ishÈú kid .ekSu

we;=,;aj jeäjk urK ixLHdj ksid iqNidOk ks,Odßkaf.a l%shdldrlï ms<sn| iEySulg m;a fkdjk rdcH jHjidh ldrl iNdj m%ldY lrkafka —iqNidOk

8' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhka ,enqkq f;dr;=re

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ks,Odßkaf.a N+ñldj wOHhkh l< hq;= nj;a˜ —ms<smeÈh hq;= ls%hdud¾. ms<sn|j o ldrl iNdj iEySulg m;a fkdjk˜ nj;ah' (Sri Lanka Parliament, 2009a) w,a,ia iy ¥IK ms<sn| fpdaokd fkdfhl=;a jdis ie,iSu fjkqfjka w,a,ia ,nd.ekSfï§ w,a,ia fyda ¥IK ms<sno úu¾IK fldñIka iNd ks,Odßka u.ska w;awvx.=jg .;a YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYhfha fiajlhka ms<sn|j mqj;am;a u.ska m<l, jd¾;d wNsjDoaêodhlhka úiska ;yjqre lrhs' Tjqkag wkqj w,a,ia ,nd.kafka ks,Odßka yd my, ia:r j, isák fiajlhka úisks' flfia fj;;a fuu ¥IKhkays we;s ryiHh Ndjh fya;=fjka tjeks ls%hdjka fl;rï ÿrg isÿfõo hkak ksYaÑ;j oek .ekSu ÿIalr fõ'

isoaê

iudf,dapkhka úiska fy<sorõ lrk wdldrhg ol=Kq fldßhdjg hEug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ /lshd wfmalaIs;hkag YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfha fiajlhka yd iïnkaO jk f,i tu fiajlhka olajd we;s w;r fujeks fpdaokd j, i;H;djh fidhd .ekSu i|yd lsisÿ ud¾.hla ke;' ;jo l=fõÜys isák .Dyfiajlhka i|yd ls%hd;aul lrkakg ;snQ rlaIK wdjrKhla iïnkaOfhka o ¥IK fpdaokd t,a, úh'

l=fõÜ ys isák .Dyfiajlhka i|yd jQ rlaIK wdjrKhla w;aysgqfõ' n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; wdh;k ix.uh úiska fYa%IaGdêlrKfhys uQ,sl ñksia whs;sjdislï fm;aiula f.dkq lrñka meñKs,slr isáfha fldñIka tacka;jrfhl= yryd ls%hd;aul lrkakg ;snQ l=fõÜ ys jik .Dy fiajlhka i|yd jQ rlaIK wdjrKhla i|yd jk uqo, idudkH rlaIK wdh;khla úiska olajk ñ,g jvd by, w.hla .kakd njhs' ^2009" YS% ,xld ksjqia *iaÜ, 2008 a : 2009 a, b&' wêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a olajk ,o lreKq wkqj ta jkúg;a 5 jk j.W;a;rlre ^rlaIK iud.u& iuÕ mej;s rlaIK .súiqu ;djld,slj w;aysgqùug mshjr f.k we;s njh' tuksid l=fõÜys /lshd wfmalaIs; fm;aiïlrejkag ;ukag ßis rlaIKjrKhla ,nd.ekSug ksoyi we;s w;r th YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska wkqu; lr.; hq;= njh'

ol=Kq fldßhdjg hEug n|jd .ekSu YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh9 u.ska isÿlrkq ,nk tlu úfoaY n|jd .ekSu ol=Kq fldßhdjg jk w;r th ls%hd;aul jkafka 2004 jif¾§ ol=Kq fldßhdkq rch iu. w;aika lrk ,o wjfndaO;d .súiqu u.sks' ol=Kq fldßhdj hkq ixikaokd;aulj n,k l, úfoaY.; ixl%uKsl fiajlhkag by, jegqma yd m%;s,dN ,ndfok rgls'

9' wd¾Ól wjmd;h ksid ol=Kq fldßhdjg heùu i|yd flfrk n|jd .ekSï ;djld,slj w;aysgqjd we;

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ol=Kq fldßhdjg hdu i|yd n|jd .ekSfï§ m%ñ;s.; f;dard.ekSfï Wmudkhka iy ld¾hh mámdàka ;sfí' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úiska wenE¾;= ms<sn| oekaùï m<lrkq ,nhs' fldßhdkq NdIdj ms<sn| úNd.hla mj;ajkq ,nk w;r tys m%;sM, Tjqkaf.a fjí wvúfha m<fldg bkamiqj ol=Kq fldßhdkq m%OdkSka úiska úNd.fha§ ,nd.;a ,l=Kq wkqj iy Tjqka úiska imhk ,o PdhdrEm wkqj tu b,a¨ïlrejkaf.a ndysr iajrEmh u; mokïj wfmalaIlhka f;dard .efka' bkamiqj f;dard.;a whÿïlrejka msg;aùug fmr YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska mj;ajkq ,nk mqyqKq mdGud,dj yeoEßh hq;= fõ'

YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s

ld¾hdxYh .dia;=jla wh fkdlrk kuq;a ffjoH mÍCIK .dia;= yd .uka .dia;= we;=<;aj ish¿ msg;aùug fmr oeßh hq;= úhoï ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka úiska oeßh hq;=h' fï i|yd rdcHh nexl=jlska Khla ,nd.ekSug lghq;= i,id we; re' 100"000 la jákd neÿïlrhla fï i|yd ,ndÈh hq;= fõ' 2004 isg 2008 ld,h ;=< ol=Kq fldßhdjg ixl%uKh l< kqmqyqKq Y%ñlhkaf.a .Kk 19"479 la jQ w;r tu w.h 2008 jk úg 1760 ls' flfia fj;;a úfYaI wjOdkh fhduql< hq;= lreKla jkafka ish¿u /lshd b,a,Sï msrùug YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYhg fkdyels ùuh' fuu .eg¿jg wjOdkh fhduqlrñka rdcH jHjidh ldrl iNd lñgqj m%ldY lrkafka —2005 iy 2006 j¾I j,§ ld¾hdxYhg /lshd wenE¾;= 11000 la ,enqko" Tjqkg heùug yelsj ;snqfka mqoa.,hska 5330 la muKla njhs'˜ (Sri Lanka Parliament, 2007) thg ms<s;=re f,i YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh m%ldY

lr isákafka f;dard.;a ish¿ fokdu ol=Kq fldßhdjg hjkafka o hkak iy;sl ùug Tjqkg fkdyels nj;a ixl%uKh lrk Y%ñlhkaf.a .Kk iïmQ¾Kfhkau ;SrKh jkafka ol=Kq fldßhdkqjka úiska nj;ah'10 wfmalaIlhska f;aÍu iïnkaOfhka woyia olajk rdcH jHjidh ldrl iNdj lñgqj m%lY lr isákafka —ol=Kq fldßhdfõ fjfik YS% ,dxlsl Y%ñlhkaf.a .=Kd;aulNdjfhys my, hdu ms<sn|j Tjqka i,id neÆ nj;a" tys§ YS% ,dxlsl Y%ñlhkaf.a .=Kd;aul Ndjh ms<sn| we.ehSï l%ufhka my;g jefgk nj;a wod, jd¾;d msßlaiSfï§ fy<sorõ jk nj;ah' lñgqfõ woyi kï fuu ;;a;ajh ks¾udKh jQfha ld¾hdxYh u.ska fuu /lshd i|yd iqÿiq mqoa.,hska f;dard fkd.ekSu fya;=fjks' fuu f;dard.;a mqoa.,hska wjYHh wOHdmk iqÿiqlï imqrd ;snqko Tjqka wfmalaIs; fiajd w;aoelSï imqrd fkd;snqKs' óg wu;rj lñgqj úiska ksÍCIKh l< mßÈ iuyrla jxpksl ls%hdjka o fuu /lshd i|yd mqoa.,hska f;dard .ekSfï§ isÿù we;s nj fuu ;;a;ajh yd iïnkaO ;j;a lreKls'

10' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhka ,enqkq f;dr;=re

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YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh fuu jd¾;djg ms<s;=rla jYfhka iïu; n|jd .ekSfï Wmudkhka ;j;a oeäfldg we;' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYhg wkqj fuu oeä ld¾h mámdáh fya;=fldgf.k Y%u n,ldfha .=Kd;aul Ndjh ms<sn|j ol=Kq fldßhdfjka ,enqKq meñKs,s j, m%udKh ie,lsh hq;= uÜgñka wvqù we;' YS% ,dxlsl Y%ñlhka jeäjYfhka n|jd .ekSug oeka oeka ol=Kq fldßhdkqjka leue;a;la olajk w;r jd¾;djk wdldrhg ol=Kq fldßhdkq rch YS% ,xldj Wmqgd olajkafka .=Kd;aul mqyqKqjla iy YdÍßl fhda.H;djh ms<sn| wju uÜgfï meñKs,s iys; rglg ksoiqkla f,ih'11 foaYmd,k w;fmùï ksid ol=Kq fldßhdjg hdu i|yd jk n|jd .ekSfï jevigyk ;=< jxpdjka isÿ fõ'

jd¾;d jk wdldrhg tla md¾,sfïka;= uka;S%jrfhl=g

whÿïlrejka fofofkl= f;dard.ekSï ,ehsia;=jg we;=,;a l< yelsh' (Martin, 2008)' 2008 fkdjeïn¾ 11 jk Èk fâ,sñr¾ mqj;am; jd¾;d l, wkaoug jir 25 l w¾nqohlg miq ke.S isák kef.kysr m<df;a ;reK ;reKshka i|yd /lshd 1000 la fjka fldg ;enQ kuq;a" tu whÿïlrejkag m%uqL;djh fokq ,nkafka m<d;a uy weu;sjrhdf.a wkque;sh ,enqjfyd;a muKs'

kS;s úfrdaê f.ùï • wlarïf.a fidfydhqre fudfyduâ m<df;a md¾,sfïka;= uka;S%jrhdf.a b;d lsÜgq ñ;%fhl= jk w;r tu ys;j;alu u; wlarïf.a ku tu uka;S%jrhdf.a ol=Kq fldßhdkq /lshd i|yd kïlrk ,o mqoa.,hkaf.a kdu f,aLkhg we;=<;a lrk ,§' fuu Wmldrh i|yd md¾,sfïka;= uka;S%jrhd uqo,a wh fkdl< kuq;a wlarï fpdaokd lrkafka w;rueÈhl= re' 100"000 l uqo,la m<d;a weu;sjrhl=f.a iyprfhl=g §ug hehs lshd whlr.;a njhs' wlarï ish¿ /lshd wjYH;djhka iïmQ¾K lr we;s kuq;a n|jd .ekSï ;djld,slj w;aysgqùu ksid ;ju;a ol=Kq fldßhdjg hdug fkdyels ù we;'

n|jd .ekSï kej;

wdrïN jQ úg Tyqg hEug yels jkq we;ehs Tyq n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' • .dñKs" uyr.u m%foaYfha ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhls' Tyq fldßhdkq NdId mdGud,dj yodrd tu úNd.hg fmkS isá w;r" thska Tyq iu;a ù we;s nj miqj Tyqg okajkq ,eîh' kuq;a Tyqj iïuqL mÍCIKh i|yd le|jQfha ke;' miqj fidhd oek.;a mßÈ úNd.hg uqyqK fkdÿka mqoa.,hka mjd f;dardf.k we;s w;r Tyq fpdaokd lrkafka Tjqka uka;S%jrhd úiska kïlrk ,o mqoa.,hka njhs' Tyq mjik mßÈ Tyqg okajd we;af;aa msgrg hdug yelsjkqfha Tyq úiska ixf;daYula ,ndÿkfyd;a muKla njhs'

11' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhka ,enqkq f;dr;=re

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• iuka yg ñ;=frl= mjid we;af;a re' 150"000 la f.jQjfyd;a Tyqg ol=Kq fldßhdjg hdug yelsjkq we;s njhs' Tyq úiska re' 60"000 l uqo,la yjq,a .sKqul ;ekam;a fldg ;j;a re' 45"000 la kS;s{jrfhl=f.a bÈßfha oS ,ndfok ,§' ;j;a re' 8"000 la úhoï fldg úfoaY .uka n,m;%hla ,nd.;a w;r Tyq fldßhdkq NdId mqyqKq uOHia:dkfha§ mqyqKqjg o tla úh' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska mj;ajkq ,enQ úNd.fha§ Tyqj f;dard fkd.eksKs' fï ms<sn|j m%Yak lsÍfï§ wod, ñ;=rd mjid we;af;a úNd.hg fmkS fkdisg jqjo msgrg hdug yels nj;a" ta i|yd YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys tla;rd uy;auhl= Tyqg Wmldr lrk njhs' /lshdjla ,nd.ekSfï lsisÿ i,l=Kla olakg fkdjQ l< iuka fuu —uy;auhd˜ fidhd .sh kuq;a tjeks mqoa.,hl= YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys fidhd.ekSug fkdyels ù we;' *

ish¿ kï wkkH;djhka wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd fjkia lrk ,§

wod, isoaëka iïnkaO m%;spdr olajkakkaaf.a m%ldYhkag úreoaO u;hla orñka YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxY ks,Odßka mjikafka uka;S%jrhl= úiska kïl, mqoa.,hl= wod, ,ehsia;=jg we;=¿ l<o" ol=Kq fldßhdkq ks,Odßka úiska f;dard.kq ,nkafka f;dard .ekSfï iqÿiqlï imqrd,k mqoa.,hka muKla njh' Bg tu n,OdÍka j.n,d .ks;s' kuq;a ióCIKhg iïnkaO jQ m%;spdrolajkakkaf.a u;h jkafka YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úiska fuu f;dr;=re ol=Kq fldßhdkq m%OdkSka úiska f;dard .ekSï isÿlsÍu i|yd ilid .;a;la fya;=fjka fuu o;a;hka fjkia l, yels njhs' ;jo ol=Kq fldßhdkq m%OdkSka ;Dma;su;a lsÍu i|yd b;d oeä m%udKhka f;dard .ekSu i|yd fhdod.;a;o kduf,aLk fjkia lsÍu ms<sn| uyck u;h ;ju;a bj;a ù ke;' rdcH jHjidh ldrl iNd jd¾;dj (Sri Lanka Parliament, 2009a) olajk mßÈ oCIlula kqiqÿiq Y%ñlhkaf.a kï fjí wvúhg we;=,;a lr we;' foaYmd,{hkag úNd.hg fmkS isáu i|yd whÿïlrejka kï lsÍug n,hla we;s;dla /lshd wfmalaIs;hkag hï fyhlska /lshdjla ,eîug fkdyelsjqjfyd;a th ner lrkq ,nkafka foaYmd,k w;fmùug iy wfkl=;a úYudpdrhkagh' /lshdjla ,nd.ekSu i|yd foaYmd,k n,mEu fhdod.; yelsh hk uyck u;h ksid /lshd wfmalaIs;hka jxpdlrejkaf.a /jàï j,g yiqfjhs' th mj;sk l%uh ksisf,i ixúOdkh lsÍu i|yd YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úiska .kq ,nk W;aidyhkag ydkslr fõ'

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.=jka .uka n,m;% ñ,§ .ekSfï§ ol=Kq fldßhdjg heùu i|yd jk n|jd .ekSï iïnkaOfhka ;j;a úIudpdrhka isÿù we;' ol=Kq fldßhdjg hdu i|yd jQ n|jd .ekSfï jevigyk iïnkaOfhka YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh olajk ,o wvq mdroDYHNdjh ms<sn| woyia olajk rdcH jHjidh ldrl iNd lñgqj mjikafka .=jka .uka i|yd jehjk uq¿ uqo, m%udKhg jvd jeämqr remsh,a ñ,shk 74'6 l uqo,la Y%ñlhkaf.ka ,ndf.k we;s njhs' miq.sh wjqreÿ ;=kla mqrdjg fuu w;sf¾l uqo,a m%udKh Wmhdf.k we;af;a tla mqoa.,hl=f.ka re' 44"500 ne.ska álÜm;a j, tl, mej;s fj,| ñ<g wkqj uqo,a ,nd.ekSfuks' bka wk;=rej flaj,a lr ,nd.;a wvq ñ<lg .=jka fiajhg f.ùï isÿlr we;s nj Tjqka fmkajd fohs' kuq;a fuu jÜgï ñf<ys m%;s,dNh kej; Y%ñlhdg ,nd§ ke;' (Sri Lanka Parliament, 2009)' rdcH jHjidh ldrl iNdj jd¾;dj ;SrKh lr we;af;a YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd

kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska tu w;sf¾l uqo,a m%udKh fkdmudj kej; Tjqkag ,ndÈh hq;= njh' fï w;r YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh mjikafka fuu w;sf¾l uqo,a Y%ñlhkaf.a iqNidOkh i|yd fhdojkq we;s njhs' flfia fj;;a jÜgï uqo,la u.ska ñf,ys ie,lsh hq;= fjkila we;sùu ;u ixpdrhg uqo,a fhoùu i|yd wjYH iïm;a fiùfï .eg¿jg uqyqK fok Y%ñlhkayg uy;a iykhls' ;jo w;sf¾l uqo,la whlsÍu meyeÈ,sju iodpdrd;aul fkdjk ls%hdjls' rdcH jHjidh ldrl iNd jd¾;dj wkqj hñka oeka YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkaf.a i;H .uka úhoï whlr .k’' ksfhdað; wdh;k ,shdmÈxÑfha§ we;sjk wl%ñl;d iy wvq mdroDYHNdjh ,ShdmÈxÑ lrk ,o n|jd .ekSfï ksfhdað; wdh;k i|yd jirl ld<hla n,mj;ajk n,m;%hla ,ndfok w;r n,m;% w¨;a lsÍu mkf;a 30 jk j.ka;sfha m%;smdok j,g wkql+, ùu u; ;SrKh fõ' mkf;a iy fr.=,dis j, hï m%;smdokhla lv lsÍu$wkq.; fkdùu" wod, .dia;= f.ùug fkdyels ùu iy mk; hgf;a jQ hï jrolg jrolre ùu jeks lreKq u; n,m;%h wfydais úh yel' fuu wOHhkfha§ m<jQ woyia j,g wkqj ¥IK we;=¨j fkdfhl=;a úIu;d n,m;% ,nd§fï ls%hdj,sfha§ isÿfõ' tf,i kef.k fpdaokdjla kï ks,Odßka úiska n,m;%h w¨;a lsÍfï§ isoqù we;s wvqmdvq ie,ls,a,g fkd.ekSu i|yd w,a,ia ,nd .ekSuh' (D.C.Silva, 2009)' iuyrla ksfhdað; wdh;k ;u n,m;% w¨;a lr .kafka lsisÿ kS;shla yd

wkq.; fkdùfuka jk w;r 2009 uehs ui jk;=re wfmalaIs; wdldrhg ish¨ n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.ufha idudðl;ajh ,ndf.k fkd;snqks' 2004 j¾Ih i|yd jQ ú.Kldêm;s jd¾;dj i|yka lrk wdldrhg

-33-

YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úiska ld¾;=jlg f.úh hq;= nÿ uqo,a f.ùu i|yd ,ndfok ,o ld<iSudj miql, ksfhdað; wdh;k j, n,m;% o w¨;a lr we;s w;r (Sri Lanka Parliament) th mßmd,kuh fkdie,ls<su;aNdjh fmkakqï lsÍula iy

¥IKhkag Èß fokakls'

flfia fj;;a" mkf;a kj;u ixfYdaOkhg wkqj fuh

w;HjYH fkdfõ' n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k ms<sn| f;dr;=re tkï ksfhdað; wdh;kfha ku" ,smskh" n,m;% wxlh yd n,m;%fha j,x.= ld,iSudj hk lreKq YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh fjí wvúfha olajd we;' flfia fj;;a n,m;%h wj,x.= l, fyda m%;slafIam jQ ksfhdað; wdh;k j, kï tu fjí wvúfha olajd ke;' tu f;dr;=re wfmalaIs; ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkag oeä f,i WmldÍ úh yel'

kuq;a n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd

ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh u.ska wmf,aLk.; lrk ,o ksfhdað;hkaf.a kï tys fjí wvúfha olajd we;' kuq;a fuu f;dr;=re idudkH uyck;djg ,nd.; fkdyel' tfia f;dr;=re ,nd.; fkdyels njg fuu ióCIKfha§ 47] m%;spdrolajkakka uq¿ukska tlÕ ùfukao" 32] l hïÿrlg tlÕ ùfuka o fmkajd ÿkafka n|jd .ekSfï ls%hdodufha we;s wvq¨yqvqlï u.yrjd .ekSu i|yd m%udKj;a f;dr;=re Tjqkg fkdjQ njhs' rEm igyk 5 ( wiu;a ixl%uKslhkag ksjerÈ f;dr;=re j,g we;s m%fõYh

M%Yakh ( n|jd .ekSfï wvqmdvq u.yrjd .ekSug wjYHh f;dr;=re ud yg fkdùh' Tn fï yd tlÕo@

m%;spdr ixLHdj ]

60 50

uq¿ukskau tlÕ fõ

hï ÿrlg tlÕ fõ hï ÿrlg tlÕ fkdfõ uq¿ukskau tlÕ fkdfõ wod, ke;'

30 20 10 0 .eyeKq

msßñ

-34-

f.úh hq;= uqo,a whlr .ekSu n|jd .ekSfï ksfhdað; wdh;k úiska YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYhg —fiia˜ noaola f.úh hq;= w;r th Y%ñlhkaf.a iqNidOkh i|yd fhdod .efka' fuu msßjegqï noao .Kkh lrkq ,nkafka n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað;hd YS% ,xldfjka msg; fiajh lsÍu i|yd hï mqoa.,hl= n|jd .ekSu fjkqfjka ,nd.kakd fldñia uqo,ska 5] ls' ^52 ^1& j.ka;sh& ksfhdað;hd úiska iEu uilu YS% ,xldfõ nexl=jl ;ekam;a lrkq ,nk ;u fldñia uqo,a ms<sn| jd¾;djla YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYhg iemhsh hq;= w;r msßjegqï noaO udi 03 la we;=,; f.úh hq;= fõ' flfia fj;;a" fuu msßjegqï noao whlr .ekSfï§ YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh ks,Odßka fkdfhl=;a ndOdjkag uqyqKfok w;r" fuu .eg¿j YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh werô ld,fha mgka mej; tkakls (De Soysa, 2009)' msßjegqï noao whlr .ekSug wfmdfydi;a ùu iïnkaOfhka 2007 ú.Kldêm;s jd¾;dj fmkajd fok mßÈ tu j¾Ifha § re' 9"000"000 l uqo,la whlr.; hq;=j ;snQ kuq;a Tjqka whlr f.k ;snQ uqo, jQfha re' 6"375"655 la muKs'

fuh weia;fïka;=.; uqo,ska 70'84]

m%;sY;hla muKs' ;jo ú.Kk úu¾Ykhla fmkajd fokafka n,m;%,dNS wdh;k 360 la w;=ßka 173 lska fiia$msßjegqï nÿ whlr .ekSug fkdyels ùfuka ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka i|yd jeä iyk iy iqNidOk lghq;= ,ndÈh fkdyels ;;a;ajhla Wodjk njhs' 2009 jif¾ lrk ,o mk;a ixfYdaOkh u.ska fuhg ms<shï fhdok ,oS' ,enQ wdodhï ms<sn|j bÈßm;a lr we;s m%ldY idOdrK fkdjk nj;a" tu olajk ,o m%udKh we;af;kau ,nkakg we;ehs is;sh yels fldñia uqo,a m%udKhg b;d my, w.hla nj;a ld¾hdxYhg ksÍCIKh lrkq ,nkafka kï tu fldñia uqof,a m%udKh weu;sjrhd úiska ks¾foaY lrk ,o m%udKhla úh hq;=h' (Sri Lanka Parliament, 2009b) n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uhg wkqj n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;khlg n|jd .kq ,nk iEu .Dy fiajlhl=f.kau úhoï iy fldñia uqo, f,i we'fvd,¾ 1000 - 1400 la w;r uqo,la ,efí' ;j;a iuyreka n|jd .ekSfï úhoï o we;=,;aj .dia;=j f,i we'fvd,¾ 800 l muK uqo,la tla fiajlfhl=f.ka ,nd.kS' 2008 jif¾§ .Dy fiajlhka 108"709 la úfoaY.; ù we;'

tl fiajlhl=f.ka

whlr.;a uqo, we'fvd,¾ 800 l wju w.hla f,i .Kkh l,o n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k úiska ,nk ,o uqo, ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhls'

n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k

i|yd wfkajdisl úfoaY uqo,a .sKqï ^NRFC& wdrïN lsÍug uy nexl=j úiska úfYaI wjirhla ,nd§ we;s w;r tla fcHIaG nexl= ks,Odßfhl= mejiQ mßÈ ksfhdað; wdh;k úiska ,nd.kakd .dia;= Tjqka ,nk uq¿ Fm!oa.,sl bmehSï j,ska fldgila muKla úh yels njh' tajd fjka fjkaj .sKqï.; fkdfõ' flfiafj;;a ish¿ ksfhdað; wdh;k

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j,g wfkajdisl úfoaY uqo,a .sKqï we;s oehs lSug n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uhg fyda YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYhg fkdyels úh' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfha jd¾Isl o;a; jd¾;dj we;=¿j lsisÿ rdcHh f,aLkhl n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;khka úiska ,nk uqo,a m%udKhka ms<sn| f;dr;=re we;=<;a fkdfõ'

n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh b.slrk mßÈ"

ksfhdað; wdh;k úksuh md,k fr.=,dis lvlrñka ish¨ Wmhd.;a uqo,a rg ;=<g fkdtjk njo fmfka' fï lreK ms<sn|j ;jÿrg;a úu¾Ykh l<hq;= fõ' 4'2 Y%s ,xld úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; ^fm!oa.,sl& iud.u Y%S ,xld úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; ^fm!oa.,sl& iud.u hkq YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úiska mQ¾K whs;sh orK tys Wm wdh;kh fõ' úfoaYfiajd kshqla;sh i|yd n|jd .ekSfï ld¾hfhys kshq;= ùu i|yd 1996 § mkf;a 26 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a fuhg n,m;%hla ,nd§ we;' flfia fj;;a n|jd .ekSfï ksfhdað; wdh;khl whs;sh oeÍu ;=<ska kshdulhl= f,i YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfha ld¾hhkag ydksodhl úh yels jk w;r th .eg¿ldÍ ;;ajhla we;slrkq we;' Y%S ,xld úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; ^fm!oa.,sl& iud.u msysgqjkq ,enQfha wdo¾Y n|jd .ekSfï ksfhdað; wdh;khla f,i ls%hd;aul lsÍug12 jk w;r j¾;udkfha tys n|jd .ekSfï wjOdkh fhduqfldg we;af;a mqyqKq iy w¾O mqyqKq Y%ñlhka fj;h' flfiajqjo /lshd weKjqula ,enqkfyd;a wfkl=;a ldKavhka i`oydo n|jd .efka' úoaHq;a iy uqøs; udOH yryd iy lgjpkfhka wenE¾;= ms<sn|j m%pdrKh lrkq ,efí' iSudiys; úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; ^fm!oa.,sl& iud.fï iïuqL idlÉPdjg n÷ka lrk ,o ks,Odßkag wkqj fuh YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys Wm wdh;khla jk ksid ish¿ rcfha fr.=,dis j,g hg;a fõ' tu ksid thg jeä hula lsÍug ksoyila ke;' n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;khla f,i Y%S ,xld úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; ^fm!oa.,sl& iud.u úiska wkq.ukh lrkafka mk; úiska mkjk ,o ld¾hh mámdáh iy YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úiska ksl=;a lrk fr.=,dis fõ' j¾I 2008 § Y%S ,xld úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; ^fm!oa.,sl& iud.u úiska Y%ñlhka 530 la n|jdf.k we; ^YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh" 2009&'

tys uQ,H ls%hdldrlï ;=<ska remsh,a

ñ,shk 3'9 l uqo,la nÿ wvqlsÍug fmr ,dNh f,i 2007 j¾Ih wjidk jkúg Wmhdf.k we;' (Sri Lanka Parliament, 2008) 12' ksfhdað; wdh;k u.ska fi!LH iy fmdaIK" wOHdmk" Wiia wOHdmk" jD;a;Sh iy ;dCIK mqyqKq lsÍfï iy ëjr hk wud;HdxY iuÕ n|jd .ekSu i|yd iïnkaOlï mj;ajk w;r ^www.slfea.org& /lshd wjia:d 1000 la muK jd¾Isl b,lalhla imqrd .kS' flfia fj;;a uq¿ msg;aj hEï j,ska 1] lg wvq m%udKhla ksfhdackh jkafka iSudiys; úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; ^fm!oa.,sl& iud.u u.ska lrkq ,nk n|jd .ekSï j,sks' iSudiys; úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; ^fm!oa.,sl& iud.u úiska ol=Kq fldßhdjg iy cmdkhg tu rgj, we;s ksfhdað; wdh;k iuÕ .súiqï w;aika fldg mqyqKqjkakka hejQ w;r fuu ls%hdoduh ol=Kq fldßhdj úiska fjkia fldg /lshd n,m;% l%uhla y÷kajd § ta yryd n|jd .ekSï isÿlrhs' iSudiys; úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; ^fm!oa.,sl& iud.u úiska ol=Kq fldßhdjg hefjk Y%ñlhka yd iïnkaO jk tlu wjia:dj jkafka tu Y%ñlhka i|yd ixl%uKhg fmr mj;ajkq ,nk Èk 12 l wksjd¾h mqyqKqfõ§ muKla jk w;r" fuh YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úiska Tjqka yg fldka;%d;a moku u; ,nd§ we;'

-36-

YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;dh;k yiqrejk wdh;kh f,i;a úfoia /lshd ksfhdað; wdh;khla f,i;a l%shd;aul ùu ne`Èhdjka w;r .egqulg fya;= úh yelsh' ol=Kq fldßhdjg heùu i|yd isÿlrk n|jd .ekSfï l%shdodufha§ fuka isÿjk ¥IKhka ms<sn| uyck u;hla o we;súh yel' WodyrKhla f,i Y%S ,xld úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; ^fm!oa.,sl& iud.u úiska mk; u.ska ks¾foaYs; uqo,g jvd jeä uqo,la f.ùï f,i whlr.kakd w;r wud;Hjrfhl=f.a Pkao fldÜGdYhlska meñfKk whÿïlrejka yg úfYaI;ajhla ,ndfohs'

jd¾;djk

wdldrhg fld;rï ld¾h mámdàka y÷kajd§ ;snqko n|jd .ekSfï ls%hdoduh ;=< foaYmd,k ueÈy;aùï olakg ,efí'13 Y%S ,xld úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; ^fm!oa.,sl& iud.fuys fiajlhka o foaYmd,k ueÈy;aùu iy ¥Ikhka iïnkaOfhka fpdaokd isÿlr we; ^Wijewardena R. 2009, Sunday Times 2009&'

Y%S ,xld úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; ^fm!oa.,sl& iud.ug tfrysj kef.k ¥IK fpdaokd Y%S ,xld úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; ^fm!oa.,sl& iud.fï fiajlhka 12 fofkl=f.a fiajh w;aysgqùug tfrysj f.dkqlrk ,o uQ,sl ñksia whs;sjdislï fm;aiu u.skao fkdfhl=;a úIudpdrhka ms<sn| i|yka flreKs' fuu fiajlhka úiska úIhNdr weu;sjrhdg iy ;j;a lsysmfofkl=g tfrysj fpdaokd lrkafka Tjqka iSudiys; úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; ^fm!oa.,sl& iud.fuys uqo,a wksis f,i Ndú;d lrk njhs (Wijewardena, R., 2009; Sunday Times, 2009)' flfia fj;;a fYa%IaGdêlrKfha woyi jQfha kvq lghq;a;la mj;ajdf.k hdu

i|yd ;rï lreKq f.dkqlsÍug fm;aiïlrejka wfmdfydi;a ù we;s njhs' tu ksid ta i|yd wjir fkd,enqks' fuu fm;aiïlrejka w,a,ia fyda ¥IK úu¾Yk fldñiug o fuu úIudpdrhka ms<sn|j meñKs,s lr we;'

fuu meñKs,a, .ek i|yka lrñka

fYa%IaGdêlrKh m%ldY lr isáfha w,a,ia fldñiu fï ms<sn|j iqÿiq ls%hdud¾.hla f.k tu úu¾Ik j, m%.;sh wod, meñKs,slrejkag okajkq we;ehs wfmalaId lrk njh' ^SC/FR No. 660/09 SCM 09.10.2009&

4'3 n,m;%,dNS n|jd .ekSfï ksfhdað; wdh;k msgrg /lshd i|yd n|jd .ekSï YS% ,xldj ;=< isÿ l< yelafla YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska ksl=;a l< n,m;%hla ,nd.ekSfuka muKs'

13' wNsjDoaêodhlhskaf.a iïuqL idlÉPd

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n|jd .kakka

i|yd jk fr.=,dis u.ska jxpdj iy ¥IKh ke;s lsÍu" fiajlhkag jehjk n|jd .ekSfï úhou wju lsÍu iy Tjqkg .ukdka;fha § wdrlaIdj ,nd§u jeks oE n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' Fldkafoais lSmhlg tl`.ùu u.ska ´kEu mqoa.,hl=g fyda iud.ulg fuu n,m;%h ,nd.; yel'14

n,m;%h ,nd.ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk mqoa.,hd YS% ,dxlslfhl= úh

hq;= w;r th iud.ula kï" tys nyq;r fldgia m%udKh YS% ,xldj ;=< ;sìh hq;=fõ' ksfhdað; wdh;kh Ndrj isák mqoa.,hdg fyd| lS¾;skduhla ;sìh hq;= w;r ksfhdað; wdh;kh mj;ajd f.k hdu i|yd iqÿiq ia:dkhla o ks¾foaYs; f.ùï o l< hq;=h' ;jo jHdmdrh idOdrK f,i mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh iuÕ .súiqula we;slr .; hq;=h'15

tfiau isÿúh yels f.ùï mshjd .ekSu

i|yd re' 750"000 la jákd nexl= iq/l=ïm;la o bÈßm;a l< hq;=h' 2009 Tlaf;daïn¾ udifha muK isg oekg ls%hd;aul n,m;%,dNSka i|yd kj n,m;%hla ksl=;a fkdlf¾'16 wksjd¾h wjYH;djhla jQ n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.ufhys idudðl;ajh ,nd.ekSu 2009 wxl 56 orK YS% ,xldfõ úfoaY fiajd ld¾hdxY ^ixfYdaOk& mk; u.ska bj;a lr ;sfí' ixl%uKslhka úiska uqyqKÈh yels wjOdku i,ld ne,Sfï§ ksfhdað; wdh;k j, iqms<smkakNdjh iy;sl lrùu i|yd wjYH n,m;% ,nd.ekSfï§ fuu fldkafoais m%udKj;a fkdjk nj fmfka'

Y%S ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxY mkf;a 2009

ixfYdaOkhg wkqj whÿïlrejka i|yd n,m;% lsysmhla ne.ska ,nd§ we;s nj fmfka' j¾I 2009 n,m;% ,nd§fï ld¾hh mámdáfha§ m%udKhka i,ld ne,Sfï§ wfkl=;a jHdmdßl ia:dkhka ms<sn| n,h mjrd we;s rdcHh wdh;k j, ,shdmÈxÑ ùu wjYH fkdfõ'

2008 j¾Ih ;=<§ Y%ñlhka 100 fofkl=g jvd n|jdf.k we;s n,m;%,dNS

ksfhdað; wdh;k 321 la w;=ßka iud.ï mk; hgf;a ,shdmÈxÑ l< iSudiys; j.lSula iys; iud.ï jQfha 121 la muKs' wfkla wdh;k ;ks mqoa., jHdmdr fyda yjq,aldr iud.ï jk w;r Tjqka oeä uQ,Huh j.lSulska fkdnef`oa' tneúka fuu ÿ¾j,;djh jxpdj iy ¥IKhg fodrljq¿ újr lrhs' óg wu;rj mk; iïu; ùug fmr 1980 j¾Ih wjidk ld,h jk úg lïlre fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska n,m;% 558 la ,nd§ ;snQ kuq;a lïlrejka ia:dk.; lsÍu" jHdmdßl yelshdjka" jHdmdßl l<ukdlrKh fyda uQ,Huh ia:dhs;djh ms<sn| wju wOHdmk iqÿiqlula fyda w;aoelSï fï hgf;a wjYH fkdjQ nj oelafõ' (De Soysa, 2009)

14' 1985 wxl 21 orK mkf;a 27 jk j.ka;sh 15' 27 iy 28 ^a& ^i& hk j.ka;sh 16' 2009 wxl 56 orK mkf;a 3 ^wd& 2 j.ka;sh

-38-

n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uhg wkqj ksfhdað; wdh;k w;=ßka 70] la muK md,kh jkafka fyda wh;a jkafka merKs ixl%uKslhkag iy w;rueÈhkag jk w;r Tjqkag jHdmdr l<ukdlrKh ms<sn|j iy jHdmdßl l=i<;djh fyda ikaksfõokfha uQ,sl yelshdjka fkdue;' ld¾hd,hSh mdúÉÑh i|yd ish¿ n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k úiska mß.Klhla ;nd.; hq;= jqjo we;eï mqoa.,hskag mß.Kl ms<sn| uQ,sl ;dlaIKsl oekqula fyda ke;' fujeks ,CIK o n,m;%lrejka ms<sn| jerÈ Ñ;%hla we;sùug fya;= fõ' n|jd .ekSfï ls%hdoduh wdrïN jkafka úfoaY ksfhdað; wdh;k u.ska /lshd weKjqï wod, YS% ,dxlSh ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,hg fhduq lsÍu;a iu.h' bkamiq ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,h úiska wod, weKjqï úuid n,d wkqu; lrkq ,efí' fuu /lshd weKjqï bkamiqj YS% ,dxlsl /lshd ksfhdað; wdh;kh ;=klg fkdwvq m%udKhlg hefjk w;r Tjqka úiska wk;=rej n|jd .ekSfï iïnkaO ls%hdldrlï wdrïN lrhs' ksfhdað; wdh;khla u.ska Y%ñlhka n|jd .ekSfï§ .kq ,nk mshjr 01'

ksfhdað; wdh;khla úiska ;u úfoaY iydhlhl=f.ka hï /lshd weKjqula ,enqkq

úg m<uqfjkau mj;sk wenE¾;= msrùu i|yd wjYHh whÿïlrejka n|jd .ekSug YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhka wjir ,nd.kS' 02'

bkamiqj oekaùï" m<lrñka w;rueÈhka u.ska iy jdÑl oekqï§ï yryd Y%ñlhka

fidhd .kakd w;r Tjqkaj iïuqL mÍCIKhg ,la flf¾' iqÿiqlï u; f;dard.;a iajdëk wdh;k u.ska ^Tjqkaf.ka lrk ,o b,a,Sug wkqj& ;r. úNd. mj;ajk w;r iy;slm;ao ,ndfohs' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys wjirh fkdue;sj /lshd ms<sn|j oekaùï m<lsÍug ksfhdað; wdh;k j,g wjir ke;s w;r /lshd wenE¾;= ms<sn|j ck;dj oekqï j;a lsÍu iy YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys m%ldYs; wkque;sh ^m<uq wkque;sh& fkdue;s mqoa.,hska n|jd .ekSuo l< fkdyel' uqøKlrejka fj; tjd we;s oekaùï YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska wkqu; fldg we;s tajdo hkak uqøKlre úiska fidhd ne,sh hq;=h' 03'

hï Y%ñlfhl= f;dard.;fyd;a ksfhdað; wdh;kh úiska Tyqf.a úfoaY.uka n,m;%h

b,a,d isákq we;' wod, Y%ñlhdg úfoaY .uka n,m;%hla fkdue;s kï th ,nd.kakd f,i b,a,d isákq ,efí'

ke;skï .dia;=jlg hg;aj th ,nd§ug ksfhdað; wdh;kh

fmdfrdkaÿ fõ' 04'

wjYHh jQ úgl§ Y%ñlhd wksjd¾h mqyqKq ld,hlg hg;a ùug isÿfõ'

05'

Tyq$weh úiska wkqu; f.ùu ksfhdað; wdh;khg ,nd§u isÿfõ'

06'

Tyq fyda wehf.a YdÍßl iy udkisl fhda.H;djh fmkaùu i|yd Y%ñlhd ffjoH

mÍCIKhlg uqyqK Èh hq;= fõ'

-39-

Wm ksfhdað; wdh;k ksfhdað; wdh;k w;ßka muKla msg m<d;a j, wkqYdLd ld¾hd, mj;ajdf.k hkafka b;du iq`M m%udKhla muKs' tu.ska ¥IK jeäùfï wjOdkula we;slr ;sfí' ksfhdað; wdh;k w;=ßka ishhg yegla fld<U m%foaYfha msysgd we;s w;r ishhg fod,yla l=reKE., osia;s%lalfha o" ishhg y;la .ïmy Èia;s%lalfha o msysgd we; (SLBFE, 2009)' fuys m%;sM,hla f,i ish¿u ksfhdað; wdh;k mdfya msgrg /lshd i|yd Y%ñlhka fidhd .ekSu ;e/õlrejka fyda w;rueÈhka u.ska isÿ lrhs' iuyr ksfhdað; wdh;k oekaùï m%pdrKh u.ska w;rueÈhka n|jd .kq ,nk w;r Tjqka ms<sn| jd¾;djla ;nd.kS'

kuq;a wfkla w;rueÈhka iuÕ we;af;a jD;a;Suh in|;djhls'

iuyr

wjia:dj,§ tla n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;khlg w;rueohka 50 muK isák w;r Tjqka Y%ñlhka fidhd .ekSug yjq,a fõ' n,m;%,dNS yd n,m;% rys; ksfhdað; wdh;k fjkqfjka fiajh lrk 10"000 ;a 20"000 ;a w;r weia;fïka;=.; w;rueoshka (Martin 2008) m%udKhla rg;=< isák nj úYajdi flfrk w;r Tjqka ksfhdað; wdh;k iy

/lshd wfmalaIs;hska iïnkaO lrk ud¾.hla f,i lghq;= lrhs' Tjqka .ïudk j,g f.dia úfYaIfhkau tys isák /lshd úrys; mqoa.,hskag úfoia /lshdjl ksr;ùu i`oyd Wkkaÿ lrhs ' w;rueÈhka úiska n|jd .kq ,nk ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkaf.a m%udKh ms<sn|j f;dr;=re fkdue;af;a Tjqkag n|jd .ekSfï ls%hdoduh ;=< lsisÿ rdcH uÜgfï ms<s.ekSula fkdue;s ksidh'

wmf.a ióCIKhg m%;spdr olajkakkaf.ka 17] la tf;r /lshd i|yd

ixl%uKh lsÍug fujeks w;rueÈhka fhdodf.k fyda fhdod.ksñka isà' úfYaIfhkau lsisÿ w;aoelSula ke;s we;eï úg ;u .ïudkfhka msg;g hEu ms<sn|j fyda w;aoelSula fkdue;s iy ld¾h mámdàka ms<sn| lsisÿ oekSula ke;s /lshd wfmaCIs;hska yg w;rueÈhka uy;a Wmldrhla f,i fmfkkq we;' w;rueÈhd úiska ish¿ ,smsf,aLk ms<sfh, lrkq ,nk w;r YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh iy ksfhdað; wdh;k yuqù wkd.; ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka Tjqkaf.a .súiqï wiaika lsÍu i|yd le|jd f.k hkq ,efí'17 ta wkqj w;rueÈhd hkq uyck;djg b;d ióm mqoa.,hl= jk w;r" Tyq b;d jeo.;a ld¾hh Ndrhla bgqlrkq ,nhs (Gamburd, 2002)' flfia fj;;a w;rueÈhkaf.a ls%hd l,dmhg ixl%uK ls%hdj,sfha § lsisÿ ks, N+ñldjla ysñ fkdjk w;r Tjqka lsisÿ mßmd,kuh wdh;khlg j.lshkq fkd,efí'18 ffk;sl m%;smdok j,g wkqj w;rueÈhl=f.a fiajh ,nd.; yels jqjo ksfhdað; wdh;kh 17' Ys% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska mej;s ld¾h mámdáh fjkia lrk f;la .súiqï w;aika lrkq ,enqfha w;rueÈhd úisks' kuq;a oeka wfmaCIs; ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhd ld¾hdxYfha ks<Odßfhl= bÈßmsg§ th w;aika l< hq;=h' 18' wNsjDoaêodhlhskaf.a iïuqL idlÉPdj,g wkqj n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k yryd ish¿ w;rueoshka ,shdmÈxÑ lrjk fuka ixl%uKh i|yd jk md¾,sfïka;= f;aÍï lñgqj n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh úiska ks¾foaY lr we;'

-40-

Tjqkaf.a ls%hdjka j,g j.lsjhq;= fõ'19

ta wkqj w;rueÈhkaf.a fiajh ,nd.kSfï§

¥IK ms<sn| wjOdkula we;sjkafka tu ls%hdmámdáh kS;súfrdaê ksid fkdj tu w;rueÈhka úiska hï jrola isÿl, l,ays tys j.lSu n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k úiska ndrfkd.ekSu fya;=fjks'

w;rueÈhka f,i n|jd .ekSu lsysmj;djla ixl%uKh l< Y%ñlhl= jQ uqksodi" w;rueÈhka n|jd .ekSu i|yd g%dkaia .,a*a ksfhdað; wdh;kh úiska m<lrk ,o oekaùulg whÿïm;a bÈßm;a lr tu wdh;khg ne£ jir 10 lg wêl ld,hla fiajh l< w;r re' 900"000 l muK uqo,la jd¾Islj Wmhkq ,eîh' Tyqg wkqj Wla; ksfhdað; wdh;khg Y%ñlhka iemhQ w;rueÈhka 400 lg wêl m%udKhla úh' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh olajk mßos th úYd, uÜgfï ksfhdað; wdh;khka w;=ßka tlla jQ w;r 2007 j¾Ifha§ /lshd wjia:djka 2175 la Wmhd § we;'

cd;sl Y%u ixl%uK m%;sm;a;sh u.ska w;rueÈhka yryd isÿlrk n|jd .ekSï j, we;s wjodkï fmkajd § we; (Sri Lanka Ministry of Foreign Employment Promotin and Welfare, 2009)' tajd w;r ksfhdað; wdh;k j,ska ,efnk fldñia uqo,g wu;rj Y%ñlhkaf.ka

uqo,a whlr .ekSu" Y%ñlhka úiska lrk ,o f.ùï i|yd ßisÜm;a ,ndfkd§u iy heùug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk rg" fiajd ia:dkh" /lshdfõ iajNdjh iy /lshd fldkafoais yd iïnkaO lreKq jika lsÍu ;=<ska Y%ñlhd /jàu jeks lreKq isÿfõ' w;rueÈhkaf.a ld¾hhNdrh b;d is;a .kakd iq¿ tlla ù we;af;a Y%S ,dxlsl .Dy fiajlhkag we;s b;d by< b,a,Su iy Y%ñlhka imhd§ug yelsùu ;=<ska ,nk b;d úYd, fldñia uqo,a o ksidh' n|jd .kakd ,o iEu .Dy fiajlhl= fjkqfjkau n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k úiska w;rueÈhka yg fldñia uqo,la f.jkq ,efí' n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh20 úiska 2008 j¾Ifha§ ;u idudðlhka wdrlaId lrkq jia tla .Dyfiajlhl= n|jd .ekSfï§ w;rueÈfhl=g f.úh hq;= fldñia uqo, re' 30"000 lg iSud lrk ,§' wfkl=;a fiajlhka i|yd jk f.ùï úúO fõ'21 jxl ksfhdað; wdh;k úiska kS;s úfrdaê n|jd .ekSï i|yd o w;rueÈhka fhdod.kS (Berenger and Kirinde, 2008)' 19' kS;shg wkqj my; oelafjk fldkafoaisj,g hg;aj w;rueÈfhl=g ksfhdað; wdh;k i|yd jevl, yel' î& ksfhdacH;ajh we;slr.kq ,nk wjia:dfõ§ ksfhdað;hd Tyqf.a wêldßh fnod yeÍug woyia lrk nj m%Odkshd okakd úg ish m%Odkshd thg úreoaO fkdjk úg îi& ksfhdað;hd ;u wêldßh fnod yeÍu l< njg Wml,amkh l< yels fya;= we;súg îii& ksfhdað;hdf.a wêldßh wfkla mqoa.,hkaf.a iyfhda.h we;sj ls%hdlsÍu w;HjYH jk úg îv& fnod yßk ,o wêldßh ryiH.; fyda wNsu;dkqidÍ fkdjk úg' w;rueÈhd úiska lrkq ,nk meyer yeÍï iïnkaOfhka ksfhdað; wdh;k j.lsjhq;= fõ' idudkHfhka w;rueÈhd ksfhdað;hdg j.lsjhq;= w;r ^m%Odkshdg fkdfõ& ksfhdað;hd wfkla w;g m%Odkshdg j.lsjhq;= fõ' ûdkj ysñlï fldñiu" 2005& 20' 2008 wf.daia;= 09 jk Èk orK wxl 2008/ALFEA/03 ork fhdackd iïuq;sh 21' idudðlhkaf.a msgqjg we;=¿úh yelafla n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.ufha idudðlhkag muKla jqj;a ióCIlg ta i|yd

-41-

w;rueÈhka úiska ie<lsh hq;= m%udKfha fldñia uqo,a ksfhdað; wdh;k j,ska Wmhd.kakd w;ru Tjqka uqo,a" NdKav fyda úúO Wmldrhka ixl%uKslhkaf.ka nf,ka ,nd.kakd njgo fpdaokd kef.a'

fuu ióCIKh fidhd oek.;a mßÈ W;=re ueo

m,df;a isák w;rueÈhka fj<| ñ,g jvd wvq ñ,g wfmalaIs; ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkaf.ka ù f;d. ñ,§ .kakd nj jd¾;d fõ' uE;l isg n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh úiska jerÈ isÿlrk w;rueÈhka wmf,aLk.; lrk w;r jd¾;djk wdldrhg tys idudðlhka úiska w;rueÈhkag f.úh hq;= fldñia uqo,a iïnkaOfhka o ls%hdud¾. .kS' j.lSï rys; iy ¥Is; w;rueÈhka úiska we;slrkq ,nk wmfhdack iy ¥IK ms<sn| wjOdkh wju lsÍu i|yd wod, md¾Yjhka jvd;a oeä mshjr .; hq;= fõ'

w;rueÈhka u.ska /jàug ,laùu msgrg hEug ie,iqïlrñka isá iukag ud;f,a Èia;s%lalfha wU;ekak l`Mjdfka § w;rueÈfhl= oek y÷kd .ekSug yels úh' tu w;rueÈhd úiska Tyqg fmdfrdkaÿ jQfha Tyq úiska úfoaY .uka n,m;%hg iy ffjoH mÍCIKhg remsh,a 10"000 la f.jqjfyd;a Tyqg udi 03 la we;=,; vqndhs ys /lshdjla fidhdfok njhs' w;rueÈhdf.a .dia;=j re' 75"000 la úh' iuka; úiska w;a;sldrï uqo,la f,i re' 15"000 la 2007 jif¾§ f.jk ,o kuq;a Tyqg /lshdjla fkd,enqK w;r wod< w;rueÈhdo rgyer f.dia we;'

fojkjrgo wjdikdjka; ù''' ;=Idr fojrla msgrg hEug W;aidy l<o wid¾:l úh' m<uqjr Tyq w;rueÈhl= jk l=udr uqK.eiS Tyqg re' 250"000 l uqo,la b;d,shg hEug i|yd ,ndfok ,o w;r ta jk úg;a Tyq tjeks ixl%uKhka kS;s úfrdaê nj oek isg we;' l=udr fjkakmamqj m%foaYfha ëjr jHdmdrfhys o fhÿkq w;r Tyq úiska ;u ëjr fndaÜgq fhdodf.k Y%ñlhka b;d,shg m%jdykh l< w;r fulS wjia:dfõ§ 14 fofkl= fuf,i /f.k hdug ie,iqï lrk ,§' Tjqka Èkla rd;s%fhys msg;a ùug ÈhUg .sho ud¾f.damfoaYl fndaÜgqfjka ,o ix{djla fya;=fjka kej; fjr<g meñKSug isÿúh' uqo,a kej; ,nd.ekSu i|yd ;=Idr úiska ork ,o W;aidyhka ksYaM, jQ w;r Tyq i;=j lreKq ldrkd Tmamq lsÍug lsisÿ f,aLkhla o ke;' b;d,shg tf,i ixl%uKh ùu kS;s úfrdaë fõ' Tyq mjikafka —wm fujeks l%u Ndú;d lrkafka b;d,sfha fõ;khka b;d by, uÜgul mej;=ko tys hdug kS;Hdkql+, l%uhla fkdue;s ksid˜ njh'

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4'4 tf;r rgj, isák Y%ñlhka n|jd .kakka YS% ,dxlsl /lshd wfmalaIs;hkag /lshdjka fidhd§u i|yd tf;r rgj, isák n|jd .kakka iuÕ foaYSh n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k lghq;= lrhs' isx.mamQrej" fydxfldx fyda ihsm%ih fuka fkdj fndfydauhla YS% ,dxlslhka ixl%uKh lrk ueofmrÈ. rgj, isák n|jd .ekSfï ksfhdað; wdh;k úYd, mrdihla ;=< oeä wëCIKhlska f;drj lghq;= lrhs' l=fõÜ ys msysá fndfyda /lshd ksfhdað; wdh;k tajdfha l=fõÜ cd;sl whs;slrejka fjkqfjka lrf.k hkq ,nkafka YS% ,dxlslhka úisks (Dailymirror, 2009c)' uE; jir j,§ isßhdj" f,nkkh iy nyf¾kh jeks iuyr ueo fmrÈ. rgj,a n|jd .kq ,nk kshdað; wdh;k (Salla Bank, 2007) yeisrùu i|yd kj kS;s ixfYdaOk y÷kajd ÿkako ;ju;a jd¾;djk úIudpdrhka j, m%udKh b;d by, w.hl mj;Ss' (Olwan, 2008) fuu úIudpdrhka w;r m<uq udi fol fyda ;=k w;r ld,fha§ .Dy fiajlhskaf.a jegqma fkdf.ùu" wvq jegqmla f.ùu" (Ellepola, 2008) ydïmq;df.ka iy YS% ,dxlsl ksfhdað; wdh;k hk fomd¾Yjfhkau .dia;=jla whlr .ekSu" trgg meñKSfï§ Y%ñlhd iu. .kqfokq lsÍu meyer yeÍu" ,shdmÈxÑh iy Y%ñlhdj YS% ,dxlsl ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,hg /f.k fkdhdu iy YS% ,xldfõ§ w;aika lrk ,o .súiqu fjk;a fldkafoais iys; .súiqulg udrelsÍu (SLBFE, 2009, Samath, 2008b) jeks oE isÿfõ' fuu ióCIKh úiska fidhd oek.;a wdldrhg fndfyda wjia:dj,§ fiajd .súiqï we;af;a ^Y%ñlhdg f;areï .ekSug fkdyels& wrdì" .S%l fyda b;d,s jeks úfoaYsl NdIdj,sks' iuyrla ydïmq;=ka o Y%ñlhka uq,dlsÍfï cdjdrug yjq,a fõ' WodyrKhla f,i ueo fmrÈ. rgj, we;s wkq.%dyl;aj jevms<sfj, hgf;a úfoaYslhka fiajfhys fhdojk w;r22

fuu l%uh

ydïmq;=kag fkdfhla úIudpdrhkays fh§ug wjia:djla i,id fokq ,nhs (Attiya, 1990)' flfia fj;;a nyf¾kh jeks rgj,a fuu l%uh ;ykï lsÍug hk nj jd¾;d fõ (Bahrain Centre for Human Rights, 2009)' iuyrla ydïmq;=ka —ùid .uka n,m;a fjf<kaoka˜

jk w;r Tjqkag .Dy Wmia:dhlhska" wdrlaIl ks,Odßka" Whka m,a,ka jeks wh n|jd .ekSu i|yd úfoaY .uka n,m;% wgla muK ,nd .ekSug b,a¨ï l< yels w;r Tjqkag wjYHh m%udKh fiajfhys fhdojd b;sßh úl=Kd oeóug o yelsh' (Migratin News, 2008) fndfyda ueo fmrÈ. rgj, fukau isx.mamQrefõo ydïmq;=ka úiska Tjqka úiska n|jd .kq ,nk ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkaf.a .uka n,m;%" ùid n,m;% iy .uka .dia;= i|yd f.ùï isÿl< hq;=h' tlai;a wrdì tó¾ rdcHfha kS;shg wkqj ksfhdað; wdh;kj,g .dia;= whlr.; yelafla ydïmq;=kaf.ka muKla jk w;r fiajlhkaf.ka n|jd .ekSfï .dia;= whlsÍu ;ykï lr we;' kuq;a fuu kS;s oeä f,i ls%hd;aul lr ke;' fi!È wrdìfha 22' wkq.%dyl l%uh hkq úfoaY.; Y%ñlhkag i;aldrl rgg we;=¿ùug" fiajh lsÍug iy bka msgùug yelafla wkq.%dylhdf.a wkque;sh fyda wkq.%yh we;sj muKs' flfia fj;;a fuu l%uh wj,x.= lsÍug ueo fmrÈ. rgj,a i<ld n,ñka isà'

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iy l=fõÜys fjfik fndfyda n|jd .kakka ydïmq;=ka úiska f.úh hq;= .dia;=j whlr fkd.kakd w;r foaYSh ksfhdað; wdh;k úiska ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkaf.ka tu .uka iy wfkl=;a úhoï whlr.kS (Migratin News, 2008)' 2009 j¾Ifha Human Rights Watch jd¾;dj olajk mßÈ Y%ñlhkaj iQrdlk n|jd .ekSfï ksfhdað; wdh;k j, iodpdrd;aul fkdjk ls%hdjka yeisrùug isx.mamQre rch wiu;a ù we;' Y%ñlhka

fukau

ksfhdað;

wdh;ko

iq/lSfï

ls%hdud¾.hla

ld¾hd,"(Dailymirror, 2008) YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh

f,i

;dkdm;s

iy n,m;%,dNS

tlaj tf;r rgj, msysá we;eï ksfhdað;

wdh;k wmf,aLk.; lr we;' ia;S% ¥IKh" mä fkdf.ùu" wmfhdackh iy .súiqï.; j.lSï j,g msgqmEu u.ska

YS% ,dxlsl Y%ñlhkag fkdi,ld yeÍu iïnkaOfhka

—ueofmrÈ. Wkq.%dylhkaf.a ms<sn| ,ehsia;=jla o ilid we;'25 fmr i|yka l, wdldrhgu ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkag we;súh yels ¥IK wjOdku b;d oeä f,i wju l< yels fuu f;dr;=re uyck;djg ,ndÈh fkdyels ùu b;d lk.dgqodhl ;;ajhls' 4'5 n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh ixl%uKhka md,kh lsÍfï§ m%Odk N+ñldjla rÕmdk fuu wdh;kh kS;Hdkql=,j f.dvk.k ,oaola jk w;r 2009 Tlaf;daïn¾ ui mk; ixfYdaokh lrk f;la ish¿ n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k tys idudðl;ajh ,eîu wksjd¾h úh'

th msysgqjkq

,enqfha mdroDYHNdjh iy;sl lsÍu i|yd YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYhg iydh §ug;a tys idudðlhka iodpdrd;aul iy wjxlNdjfhka hq;=j jD;a;Shuh ksmqk;djhlska hq;=j lghq;= lsÍug ie,eiaùula i|ydh' m%Odk mkf;a m%;smdok u.ska n,d;aul jQ iajdëk wdh;khla jQ n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys WmfoaYl uÜgfï ;k;=r orK w;r tys idudðlhkaf.a iodpdrd;aul yeisÍu o iy;sl lrhs' n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh md,kh jkafka úOdhl lñgqjlsks' th iNdm;s" Wm iNdm;s" f,alï" Wm f,alï iy NdKavd.dßl hk ;k;=re j,ska iukaú; jk w;r jirl OQr ld,hla iys; fõ'26

23' iodpdrd;aul mßphkag wkq.; fkdjk úfoaYSh rgj, fiajd fhdaclhka" úfoaYSh n|jd .ekSfï ksfhdað;hka" foaYSh w;rueÈhka" fiajlhka iy n,m;%,dNS /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.ufha idudðlhka iy fyda YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska mkjk ,o fldkafoais W,a,x.kh lrk w;r" Tjqyq n,m;%,dNS /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh iu. wkq.; ùug wiu;a fj;s' 24' úfoaYSh ksfhdað; wdh;khka YS% ,dxlsl Y%ñlhka n|jd .ekSug bv fkdfoa' 25' www.alfea.org www.alfea.org/blacklist.php 26' 1985 mkf;a 56 j.ka;sh iy 1994 ixfYdaê; mkf;a 6 jk j.ka;sh

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n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.ufhys ld¾hhka kï" • n,m;%,dNSka w;r we;sjk .eg¿ iy u;fío ÿr,Su • YS% ,xldfjka msg; fiajd kshqla;sh m%pdrKh iy yeisrùu md,kh lsÍu iïnkaOfhka YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYhg ks¾foaY ,nd§u' • YS% ,xldfjka msg;§" YS% ,dxlslhka i|yd /lshd wjia:d m%pdrKfha§" Wmfoia ,nd§u iy iydh ,nd§u' • n,m;%,dNSkag hym;a yeisÍula i|yd jk Í;s ud,djla (Code of Good Conduct) ieliSu iy tys ls%hd;aul Ndjh iy;sl lsÍu' • YS% ,xldfjka msg; /lshdjka i|yd YS% ,dxlslhka n|jd .ekSu iïnkaO .eg¿ j,§ YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYhg iy weu;sjrhdg ks¾foaY bÈßm;a lsßu'

1997 j¾Ifha§ cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh úiska Í;s ud,djla y`ÿkajd ÿka w;r" we;=,;a úh hq;= wju ;;a;ajhka tu.ska ks¾foaY lr we;' tajd kï ksfhdað; wdh;k ndrj isák mqoa.,hkaf.a iqÿiqlï" fiajdodhlhd u; mkjk ish¿ .dia;= ms<sn| wkdjrKh lsÍu" n|jd .ekSu lrkq ,eîug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk /lshdj iïnkaO ish¿ f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu" wk;=reodhl /lshd i|yd oek oeku Y%ñlhka n|jd fkd.ekSu" /lshdj iïnkaO kshuhka yd fldkafoais Y%ñlhdg myod §u" Y%ñlhdf.a mäh wvq lsÍfuka je<lS isàu iy tys idudðlhka úiska n|jd .kq ,enQ Y%ñlhka iïnkaOj kdu f,aLkhla mj;ajdf.k hdu iy l¾udka;h ;=< jD;a;Suh ksmqK;djh mj;ajd .ekSu fõ (ILO, 1997)'

flfia fj;;a n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh j¾I 23 l ld,hla mqrd ls%hd;aulj mej;=k o wjdikdjka; f,i Tjqka úiska ms<sfh, l< hym;a yeisÍula i|yd jk Í;s ud,dj ls%hd;aul lsÍug fkdyels ù we;' iuyr n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k wjxlNdjfhka iy jD;a;Sh ksmqK;djhlska lghq;= lr we;s kuqÿ iuyrla wdh;k úiska fuu Í;s ud,dj lvlsÍu muKla fkdj mkf;a m%;smdokj,g úreoaOjo lghq;= lr we;' WodyrKhla f,i nd,jhialdr oeßhka n|jd .ekSu jeks nrm;, .eg¿ oelaúh yelsh' (Sri Lanka News First, 2008 b&c; Divaina, 2009)' wNsjDoaêodhlhska iuÕ mej;s iïuqL idlÉPd j,§ fy<sjQ wdldrhg iuyr ksfhdað; wdh;k n|jd .kq ,enQ ish¿u Y%ñlhkaj iïuqL idlÉPdjg nÿka fkdlrk w;r /lshd fldkafoais fyda wfmalaIs; ixl%uKslhka úiska oeßh hq;= úhoï ms<sn|j fyda meyeÈ,s fkdlrhs' fuh idOdrK;ajfha uQ,O¾uhg o úreoaO fõ' n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uhg ;u idudðlhka úiska isÿlrk úIudpdrhka je<elaùug ;ju;a fkdyels ù we;s w;r wêl f,i n|jd .ekSfï .dia;= whlsÍu iy úfoaY m%OdkSka iuÕ tlaj Y%ñlhkaf.a fõ;k jxpd lsÍu jeks lreKq Bg we;=,;a fõ'

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wfkla w;g n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh fmkajd fokafka Í;s ud,djla mej;=k o ;u idudðlhska Y%S ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxY mkf;a 55^d& j.ka;sh hgf;a w;aysgqùu ;=<ska yslauùug fkdyels ù we;s njhs' Tjqkag wkqj Bg fya;=j jkafka YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úiska n,m;% w¨;a lsÍfï§ mkf;a m%;smdok iy n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh úiska mkjk wjYH;djhka ms<sn| ie,lSulska f;drj lghq;= lsÍuhs' uE;l§ YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska ksl=;a l< úOdkhlg wkqj n,m;% w¨;a lsÍfï§ n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.ufhys idudðl;ajh oeÍu w;HjYHh lreKla fkdjk nj oelafõ' Tjqka mjikafka YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska ;u ld¾hhka hgm;a lr we;s njh' n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh ;jÿrg;a m%ldY lr isákafka l¾udka;hg n,mdk fkdfhla ;SrKd;aul .eg¿ j,§ YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úiska Tjqkaf.a Wmfoia ,nd fkd.kakd njhs' WodyrKhla jYfhka mk; ixfYdaOkh lsÍu iïnkaOfhka jQ fhdackd Tjqka g oek.kakg ,eî we;af;a udOHh u.sks' lsysm j;djlau n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh úiska YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYhg tfrysj kS;suh ls%hdud¾. f.k we;s w;r ta wkqj fmkS hkafka n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh iy YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh w;r we;s in|;djhka m¿ÿ ù we;s njhs' flfia fj;;a fkdfhl=;a úIudpdrhka ;ukaf.a iuyrla idudðlhka w;ska isÿjk nj n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh o ms<s.kS' jd¾;djk wdldrhg n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.ufhys wNHka;r md,kh mdroDYHNdjhlska f;dr jQjls' wdikak jYfhka ksfhdað; wdh;k 700 l muK idudðl;ajh we;s kuq;a fuh mqreIdêm;Hhg hg;a jQ ixúOdkhls'

ixl%uKsl

Y%ñlhkaf.ka nyq;rh ldka;djka jk w;r" Tjqkaf.a wNsjDoaêh wdrCId lsÍug th ne£ isák kuq;a fuf;la tys lñgq idudðlhka f,i fiajh lr we;af;a ldka;djka fofofkl= muKs' fuh wdrïN flreKq 1985 j¾Ifha mgka iNdm;s ;k;=r mqoa.,hska miafofkl= úiska fydnjd we;s w;r" f,alï OQrh mia fofkl= o NdKavd.dßl OQrh y;afofkl= o úiska fydnjd we;' tlu mqoa., lKavdhula fjkia ;k;=re w;r udrefjñka" fjk;a mqoa.,hl= tu ;k;=re i|yd m;aùu b;d iQlaIu f,i j<lajd we;' iNdm;s jYfhka lghq;= l< mqoa.,hd" f,alï" NdKavd.dßl iy lñgq idudðlhl= f,io lghq;= lr we;'

flfia fj;;a n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh mjikafka

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;k;=re oeÍu iïnkaOfhka nyq;rh lsisÿ Wkkaÿjla fkdolajk njhs'

wNHka;r

w¾nqo fya;=fjka idudðl;ajfhka fldgila leã f.dia fjk;a ixúOdkhla f.dvk.d .;a;o th miqj úisrejd yer ;sfí' fuu wNHka;r .eg¿ iy YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh iu. mj;sk m¿ÿ jQ in|;d n|jd .ekSï j,g úYd, n,mEula we;s lrhs' flfia fj;;a n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh úiska m%dfhda.sl mshjr lsysmhla f.k we;' j.lSï meyer yeÍula isÿl< ksfhdaðl wdh;k wmf,aLk.; lsÍu Bg tla ksoiqkls' by; i|yka l< wdldrhg wmfhdackhka ke;slsÍfï wruqK we;sj fuu wdh;kh l=fõÜ ys msysá YS% ,dxlsl lïlre ixúOdk iu. o iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lrhs'(Samath, 2008a) n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh úYajdi lrk mßÈ f;dr;=re ;dCIK Ndú;h yryd jeä mdroDIH njla we;s lsÍfuka w;r ueÈhkaf.a wksis l%shd md,kh l< yelsh' uyckhd iy ish idudðlhka hk fomd¾Yjhg f;dr;=re iïmdokh u.ska iy tlsfklg iïnkaO idudðl ksfhdað; wdh;k iuÕ iïnkaO ùu u.ska fuu b,lalh imqrd .ekSu i|yd Tjqka lghq;= lrñka isà'

wvq¨yqvqlï uOHfha jqjo cd;sl Y%u

ixl%uK m%;sm;a;sh u.ska n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh y÷kajkafka —fm!oa.,sl n|jd .ekSfï ksfhdað; wdh;k iy Tjqkaf.a odhl;ajh ksfhdackh lrkq ,nk" fuu ls%hdj,sfhys isák uQ,sl wNsjDoaêodhlhl= f,ih—' 4'6 wúêu;a cd,hka ^Informal Networks& tf;r /lshd i|yd n|jd .ekSfï§ b;d jeo.;a N+ñldjla rÕ olajkafka {d;Skaf.ka" ñ;=rkaf.ka" iudcfha fjk;a mqoa.,hska iy ióm;uhkaf.a ieÿï,;a cd,hla úisks' 1997 isg 2007 olajd ld,h ;=< ñ;=rka yd {d;Ska ud¾.fhka lrk ,o n|jd .ekSï j, m%udKh 95] lska jeäù we;s w;r" ta yd iei§fï§ ,shdmÈxÑ uQ,hka yryd lrk ,o n|jd .ekSï j, jeäùu 26] la muKs' 2008 j¾Ih ;=<§ iDcq uQ,hka yryd /lshd fidhd.;a /lshd wfmalaIs;hskaf.a .Kk 80"904 la jQ w;r" th ,shdmÈxÑ jQ uQ,hka yryd msgrg hk m%udKfhka wvlg jvd jeäh' ióCIK jd¾;d fmkajd fok mßÈ m%;spdrolajkakkaf.ka 41] la ixl%uKh i|yd wúÈu;a cd,hka Ndú;d lr fyda Ndú;d lrñka isg we;' n|jd .ekSfï ls%hdodufha § fuu wjÈu;a cd,hka úiska ld¾hhka 02 la bgqlrkq ,nhs' tkï mj;sk /lshd wenE¾;= ms<sn| f;dr;=re imhk w;ru /lshd ia:dkhla fidhd .ekSu i|yd fiajd fhdaclhd yd iïnkaO ùuhs (Gunatilleke, 1998)' n|jd.kakkaf.a -47-

ld¾hh bgqlrñka" ñ;%hka yd {d;Ska úiska n|jd .ekSfï idOl iïmQ¾K lrk w;r" w;HjYH ,shlshú,s fidhd wkd.; ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkaf.a ùid n,m;% i|yd wjYH wjirh ,nd.ekSu i|yd wod, wdh;k j,g hjkq ,efí' fndfyda Y%ñlhka YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys ,shdmÈxÑ jk w;r" tu.ska Tjqka tu wdh;kfha iqrCIs;Ndjh iy iqNidOk m%;s,dN ,eîug iqÿiqlï ,nhs' ióm;u mjqf,a idudðlhka jk foudmshka fyda iylrejka lsisÿ wjodkula we;s fkdlrk w;r Tjqka i;HjYfhkau wkd.; ixluKslhkag wjYH wdrlaIdj i,ihs' kuq;a óg fmr lrk ,o ióCIKhlg wkqj (Gunatilleke, 1991; Wanasundera, 2002) ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkau miqj n|jd .kakka njg m;ajQ wjia:d jd¾;d ù we;s w;r Tjqka" fiajd fhdaclhskag yg Y%ñlhka imhd§fï jHdmdrfhys ksr; fj;s' uE;l§ m<l, ,smshla (Samath 2008b) u.ska fuu ls%hdj,sh ;yjqre lrk w;r tu`.ska mjikafka iuyrla .Dyfiajfhys kshq;=j isá we;eï mqoa.,hska l=fõÜys /lshd ksfhdað; wdh;k mj;ajdf.k hk njhs' fuu n|jd.kakka foaYSh n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;kj,g iudk jk kuqÿ tu ld¾hfha§ n,mdk fr.=,dis j,g Tjqka hg;a fkdfõ' Tjqkaf.a jHdmdrh lrf.k hdug yelshdj ,eî ;sfnkafka Tjqka úiska ks¾foaYs; Y%ñlhkag fiajd fhdaclhdf.a leue;a; m<ù we;s ksid;a" jir lsysmhla wod, tf;r rfgys Ôj;a ù we;s ksid;a" ;u /lshdfjys fmkajk ,o olaI;djh u; we;slr.;a úYajdijka; Ndjh ksid;ah' fuu n|jd .kakka wfkla mqoa.,hka i|yd iajlSh fiajd ia:dkfhau fyda Tjqka okakd fjk;a ;ekl /lshd fidhd fohs'

iuyre /lshd i|yd whÿïm;a YS% ,xldj ;=< isák /lshd

wfmalaIs;hkaf.ka ,nd.kakd w;r" tajd ls%hd;aul lrùu" /lshd i|yd m%pdrKh lsÍu iy tu tf;r rfgys mek k.sk hï wenE¾;=jla i|yd Tjqkaf.a whÿïm;a fhduq lsÍu lrkq ,efí (Wanasundera. 2002)' iudkHfhka fuu ksfhdað; wdh;k úiska msg;aùug fmr YS% ,xldfõ§ f.jkq ,nk fõ;kh fuka ;=ka .=Khlg iudk .dia;=jla whlr.ks' wúêu;a cd,hka u.ska isÿlrk n|jd .ekSï kS;Hdkql+, jqjo th ks, uÜgñka msg; isÿjk w;r th ksid md,kh lsÍug wmyiq ld¾hhls' ksfhdað; Y%ñlhska .dia;= whlr .ekSu" ,sms f,aLk jHdc f,i ilia lsÍu" úfoaY .uka n,m;% lsysmhla fhdod .ekSu iy jHdc f,i ieliQ újdy iy;sl fhdod .ekSu jeks úIudpdrhka isÿfldg we;=¿ ùug wjir we;s tf;r rgl§ Y%ñlhdf.a —iylre˜ yuqùug bv i,ihs (Wanasundera. 2002)' ;jo" YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys ks,Odßkag wkqj Tjqka fndfyda úIudpdrhkag Wmldrlfhls'

tajd kï kS;s úfrdaë n|jd .ekSu" widOdrK fiajd

.súiqï iy úfoaY .uka n,m;% iïnkaO úIudpdrhka iy Y%u wdkhkh lrk rgj,

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isák n|jd .ekSfï ksfhdað; wdh;k iuÕ úIudpdrhkays fh§u yd iuyr wjia:djkays§ uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh o we;=,;a fõ' tfukau Tjqka úfoaYSh ksfhdað; wdh;k iuÕ fydr ryfia in|lï mj;ajñka ta yryd YS% ,xldfõ ksfhdað; wdh;kh u.yer ;u mjqf,a idudðlhl= fyda w;rueÈfhl= yryd Y%ñlhka n|jd .kS' wNsjDoaêodhlhl= iuÕ mej;s iïuqL idlÉPdjlska fy<sjQ mßÈ ixl%uKsl n|jd.kakka úiska úfoaY ksfhdað; wdh;kh iu. tlaj n|jd .ekSfï .dia;=j Tjqkayg f.jk fuka fiajd fhdaclhdg n,lr isák njhs'

úfYaIfhkau uqia,Sï cd;sl

.Dyfiaúldjka n|jd.kakka úiska fuh isÿlrkq ,efí' Ys% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh fujeks úIudpdr ms<sn|j oekqïj;aj isáho ^úfYaIfhkau ueo fmrÈ.& rdcH;dka;s%l n,h fhoùfuka mjd tjeks oE uev,Su wmyiq ù we;af;a úfoaY ksfhdað; wdh;kj, we;s oeä ryiHh Ndjh ksidh' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh fuu .eg¿jg fhdod we;s tlu ms<shu jkafka fujeks ud¾. Ndú;d lrk wkd.; ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkaf.ka Tjqkaf.a ùid n,m;% iïnkaOfhka mek k.sk ´kEu .eg¿jla yd iïnkaO mQ¾K j.lSu Tjqka úiskau oeßh hq;= njg ,shú,a,la ,nd.ekSuh' 4'7 kS;s úfrdaê ud¾. ¥Is; ksfhdað; wdh;k iy kS;s úfrdaë n|jd .ekSï 1980 muK isg mej;S we;ss w;r 1985 § l%shd;aul mk; y÷kajd fokq ,enQfha" —jxpdiy.; n|jd .ekSï fyda kS;s úfrdaë /lshd ksfhdað; wdh;k u.ska isÿjk iQrdlEu keje;aùu i|yd h' (De Soysa, 2009)˜ jQ kuqÿ miqj y÷kajd ÿka kS;s u.ska thg ndOd meñK ù we;' fï jkúg weia;fïka;=.; kS;s úfrdaê ksfhdac;jre" ksfhdað; wdh;k iy w;rueÈhka 400 la muK jd¾;djk w;r Tjqka rgmqrd ls%hd;aul fõ' Tjqkaf.ka nyq;rh ud;f,a" .d,a," lvj;" nÿ,a," nKavdrfj," l=reKE., Iy lgq.iaf;dg hk m%foaYj, jHdma; ù isá;s (Colombo Page News Desk 2008)' 2006 ú.Kldêm;s jd¾;djg wkqj YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s

ld¾hdxYhg iïnkaO .sKqï j,§ ^71 jk mßÉfþoh& YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys ,shdmÈxÑ ù ke;s /lshd ksfhdað; wdh;k flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lr we; (Sri Lanka Parliament, 2007)' kS;s úfrdaë n|jd .kakka úYd, .dia;= whlrk w;r ;ykï lrk ,o rgj,go Y%ñlhka m%jdykh lrhs' Y%S ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh kS;s úfrdaë ksfhdað; wdh;k j, ls%hdldß;ajh ms<sn|j b;d oeä iqmÍCIdldß;ajfhka miqjk w;r ta i|yd n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;kj, ls%hdldß;ajho mQ¾K úu¾Ykhg ,la flf¾'

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Y%s ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxY ixfYdaOk mk; 2009 u.ska YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYhg ;j;a n,;, ,nd§ we;' fï wkqj YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys ks,Odßka" 1979 wxl 15 orK wmrdO úê úOdk ix.%y mkf;a w¾:hg wkql+,j iy wruqKq j,g wkqj uyck yd idu ks<OdÍka njg m;alr we;' tu.ska wfmalaId fldg we;af;a" kS;s úfrdaë ksfhdað;hska iy ksfhdað; wdh;k w;awvx.=jg .ekSug wjYH n,h ,nd§ug;a" wjir fkd,;a n|jd .ekSï i|yd b;d oeä ovqjï ,nd§ug;ah (Sri Lanka Parliament, 2009)' cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh kS;súfrdaë n|jd .ekSï hkak w¾: olajkafka msgrg /lshdjla i|yd n,m;% rys; ksfhdað; wdh;khla $ ksfhdað;fhl= fyda cd;sl kS;s iy fr.=,dis j,g hg;a fkdjQ fiajd fhdaclhl= úiska iDcqju hï fiajlhl= fm<Uùu" ñ,§ .ekSu" fmdfrdkaÿ ùu" .súiqï.; ùu fyda m%jdykhhs' YS% ,xldfõ kS;sh wkqj wjir fkd,;a n|jd .ekSï jrola jk w;r mk; hgf;a ksl=;a lrkq ,enQ n,m;%hla rys;j úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; wdh;khla mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk ´kEu mqoa.,hl= mk; hgf;a jrolrefjl= njg m;afjhs'

kS;s úfrdaë ud¾. Tiafia ixl%uKh lrk fyda ta i|yd W;aidy lrk Y%ñlhka úiska ork ¥IK wjodku b;d by,h'

fujeks /lshd wfmalaIs;hska b;d wêl —n|jd

.ekSfï˜ .dia;=jla f.jk kuqÿ Tjqka .ukdka;fha§ fyda w;ru. rgl§ /lshdjla fkdue;sj w;ruxùfï wjodkug uqyqKfohs (Berenger and Kirinde, 2008)' tfiau Tjqka .ukdka;fha§ lsisÿ wdrlaIdjla fkdue;s ;;ajhlg o m;afõ' ;jo Tjqka kS;s úfrdaëj /§ isákakka njg m;ajk w;r YS% ,dxlsl fyda tf;r wdh;k u.ska Tjqkaj w;awvx.=jg .ekSfï wjodku o we;súh yel' n,m;% rys; ksfhdað; wdh;kh úiska ,dN bmehsh yels .ukdka; jk b;d,sh (Dumalao, 2007) fyda cmdkh jeks rgj,g Y%ñlhka m%jdykh lrk kuqÿ tu rgj, /lshd n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkakkag kS;Hdkql+,j fyda tu rgj,g we;=¿ úh fkdyel' ;jo brdlh iy we*a.ksia:dkh jeks (Berenger and Kirinde, 2008) foaYmd,k w¾nqo fyda isú,a hqoaO we;s rgj,g o mqoa.,hka hefjk w;r YS% ,xldj fujeks rgj,g Y%ñlhka heùu ;ykï fldg we;' Tjqka jd¾;d lrk mßÈ ish.Kkla jQ YS% ,dxlslhka ;u Ôú; wjOdku o fkd;ld hqoaOfhka ì| jegqkq brdlhg we;=¿ fj;s'

fuu jd¾;djg wkqj ixl%uKh i|yd jk cd;Hka;r ixúOdkh úiska 2007

fmnrjdß udifha mgka Ys% ,dxlsl Y%ñlhka 30 lg jvd jeä msßila wmfhdackhg m;ajk njg iy lK.dgqodhl ;;ajhka hgf;a Ôj;a jk nj fidhd oekf.k Tjqkag brdlfhka mek hdug Wmldr fldg we;' ;jÿrg;a jd¾;d jk wdldrhg kS;s úfrdaë ksfhdað; wdh;k úiska kS;s úfrdaë f,i tf;r rgj, msysá wOHdmksl wdh;k j,

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/lshd wjia:d ,ndfok njg fmdfrdkaÿ ù Y%ñlhka n|jd .kS'

tu rgj,a kï

´iafÜ%,shdj" lekvdj" tlai;a rdcOdksh" weußldj" ihsm%ih" isx.mamQrej" uef,aishdj iy kjiS,ka;hhs (Jayamanne, 2008) flfia fj;;a" kS;s úfrdaë n|jd .ekSï j, fh§ isákafka ,shdmÈxÑ fkdjQ ksfhdað; wdh;k muKla fkdfõ' n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k o fkdfhl=;a uÜgñka isÿjk kS;s úfrdaë n|jd .ekSfï l%shd i|yd jerÈlrejka fõ (Pinthu, 2008; Lankadeepa, 2008; Dailymirror, 2008a & 2009e; Gamage, 2008b)' w;rueÈhka" ñ;=rka" m%isoaO mqoa.,hka iy

l<ska ixl%uKh l< Y%ñlhka o fkdfhl=;a kS;s úfrdaë ls%hdj, ksr; jqjo tjeks isoaêka n,m;% rys; ksfhdað; wdh;k iïnkaO isoaëka fuka jeä jYfhka jd¾;d jkafka ke;' fkdfhl=;a úIudpdrhkays fh§ isák n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k kS;Hdkql+,j lghq;= lrñka fiajlhkaj kS;Hdkql+, f,i hï rglg hjd tu ráka Tjqkaj fjk;a ;ykï lrk ,o rglg heùu isÿ lrhs'

kuq;a n,m;% rys; ksfhdað; wdh;k y÷kd.;

fkdyels ù we;af;a iaÓr ia:dkhla fkd;sîu" iuyreka md;d, l,a,s iuÕ iïnkaO ù isàu iy we;efula merKs ls%hdldßka uqo,a /iafldgf.k mekhdu jeks fya;= ksidh' ióCIKhg Ndckh l, m%;spdrolajkakka w;=ßka úfoia.; ùug W;aidy fldg wiu;a jQ m%;spdrolajkakka 05 fofkl= brdlhg hEug W;aidy ord we;s w;r ;j;a mqoa.,fhlaa b;d,shgo 07 fofkla cmdkhg o hdug W;aidy f.k wid¾:l ù we;' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh iy kS;sh ls%hd;aul lrk wdh;k úiska kS;súfrdaë n|jd .ekSfï ksfhdað; wdh;k ms<sn|j mÍCIK isÿlrkq ,nhs' oeä iqmÍCIdldÍ;ajh iy kS;sh ls%hd;aul lrk wdh;k iu. we;s iyfhda.S;ajh we;sj 2008 j¾Ifha§ n,m;% rys; ksfhdað; wdh;k 116 la jg,k ,o w;r tu m%udKh 2007 jif¾ § 51 la muKs (SLBFE, 2009)' 2009 ckjdß udih ;=< muKla jeg,Sï 21 la isÿù we;s w;r ckjdß iy

uehs hk ld,h w;r;=r jeg,Sï 85 la isÿúh'

/lshd wfmalaIs;hskag úfoaY fiajd

kshqla;s wdh;kh u.ska ,ndfokq ,nk fiajdjka Ndú;d lsÍug Wkkaÿ lrñka iy n|jd .ekSfï ksfhdað;hkaf.ka fiajdjka ,nd.eksug fmr Tjqkaf.a úYajdikSh;ajh iy;sl lr.ekSu iïnkaOfhka oekqj;a Ndjh jeä lsÍug jevigyka mj;ajd we;'

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05' ¥IKfha iajrEmhka ¥IKh úúO iajrEmhka .kakd w;r tajdhska iuyrla jxpdj" w,a,i we;=¿ wmrdOuh jroj,a fõ' wfkla jerÈ iodpdr úfrdaë jerÈ jYfhka ms<s.efka' ¥IKh yd iodpdr úfrdaë ls%hd iïnkaOfhka idOl fuu wOHhkh ;=<§ fidhd .ekqKs'

¥IKfha

fhfokakka úfYaIfhkau tajd wmrdOuh jroj,a kï tajd iuÕ we;s iïnkaO;djh fy<sorõ lsÍug wlue;s fyhska ¥IKh fldmuK m%udKhlska mj;skafka o hkak uekSu b;du wmyiq ld¾hhls'

tuksid my; i|yka fidhd .ekSï jvd;a .=Kd;aul

m¾fhaIKhka iy iïuqL idlÉPd udOH jd¾;d iy wka wh úiska lrk ,o wOHhkhka u; mokï fõ' 5'1 jxpksl f,aLk ms<sfh, lsÍu /lshd wfmalaIlfhl= ixl%uKh lsÍu i|yd wjYH flfrk f,aLk iy tajd ms<sfh, lsÍug isÿlrkq ,nk jxpksl ls%hd fuhg wh;a fõ' b;d m%isoaêhla ,enQ ßidkdf.a isoaêfha§ fuka f,aLkj,g wi;H f;dr;=re we;=,;a lsÍu b;d m%p,s; nj ms<s.efka' (Jayasinghe, 2009; Pinthu, 2008; Lankadeepa, 2008)

l+G f,aLk ksid /jàug ,laù'''' kkaoisß /lshdjla i|yd fjk;a rglg ixl%uKh ùug W;aidy .kakd wjia:dfõ§ n,h,;a úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;fhl= hgf;a fiajh lrñka isá Tyqf.a ifydaoßh brdlfha fiajh i|yd fiajlhka hjk ñkqjkaf.dv isák úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;fhl= ms<sn|j oekqï ÿkafkah' Tyqf.a {d;s ifydaorhd jvq ld¾ñlfhl= jYfhka fiajh lrñka remsh,a ,CIhl muK jegqmla ,nk ksid tlS ksfhdað;hd ud¾.fhka brdlhg ixl%uKh ùug kkaoisß woyia lf<ah'

Tyqf.a {d;s ifydaorhdf.a wkqn, §u u; Tyq w;rueÈhdg

remsh,a 120"000 la o ;j;a remsh,a 53"700 la .=jka álÜm;a ,shdmÈxÑh" rCIKh iy fi!LH mÍCIKh i|yd f.jk ,§' ksfhdað;hd .uk i|yd wjYH f,aLk Tyqg Ndrfok wjia:dfõ§ 2007 ud¾;= 03 Èk .=jka.;ùï i|yd Tyqg iy ;j;a 08 fofkl=g ish¿ lghq;= iïmdokh fldg we;s nj m%ldY l< w;r kS;s úfrdaê f,i fuu .uk isÿjk fyhska tlS f,aLk lsisfjl=g fkdfmkajk f,ig kkaoisßg Wmfoia ÿkafkah'

Tjqkag

jxpksl f,aLk imhd we;s njo" Tjqkag tjeks /lshdjla fkdue;s njo kkaoisß iy wfkla wh oek.;af;a .=jka f;dgqm,g .sh wjia:dfõ§h'

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jxpdjka iïnkaOfhka ,efnk f;dr;=re m%Odk jYfhka isoaëka jqjo l=fõgfha YS% ,xld ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,h úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk ixLHd f,aLk úu¾IKfha§ fuu .eg¿fõ m%udKh Wml,amkh lr.; yelsh' 2007 jif¾§ iy 2008 uq,a udi 04 § jHdc ,sms f,aLk ;nd .ekSu fya;=fjka jrolrejka ù kej; ish rg n,d yrjd tjk ,o m%udKh ms<sfj,ska 138 la iy 31 la fõ (Samath, 2008)' fuu .eg¿j iïnkaOfhka oekqïj;a ù tjeks jxpdjka je<elaùu i|yd ixl%uKsl fiajlhkag ryia o;a; wka;¾.; kj yeÿkqïm;a ksl=;a lsÍu YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska wrUd we; (Weerakoon, 2008)' y÷kd.kakd ,o wfkl=;a ¥Is; ls%hdjka w;r Wmamekak iy;sl wf,úh (Samath, 2008b; Lakbima, 2008; Sri Lanka News First, 2008b) whÿïlrejkaf.a jhi" wd.u iy cd;sl;ajh

fjkia fldg oelaùu" .súiqï u.ska wkqu; fkdlrk ,o whÿïlrejkaf.a kï fjkqjg fjk;a kï fh§u iy PdhdrEm tlsfklg udre lsÍu wdÈh fõ' b;d m%p,s; jxpksl ls%hdjla jkafka isxy, iy fou< ldka;djka i|yd uqia,Sï kï fhdod .ekSuhs' fuhg fya;=j Tjqka i|yd ueo fmrÈ. jvd jeä b,a¨ula mej;Su;a" Tjqkag jvd fyd¢ka ie,lSula iy ydïmq;=kaf.ka wod, ksfhdað;hkag jvd by< fldñia uqo,la ,nd.; yels ùu;ah (Dias & Jayasundera, 2004)' ihsm%ih i|yd hjkq ,nk lïlrejka jxpksl úfoaY .uka n,m;% iy újdy iy;sl jeks jxpksl f,i ms<sfh, lrk ,o f,aLk iuÕ kej; fmr,d meñfKk w;r" Y%ñlhka fuf,i jxpksl f,aLk fhdod .ekSu .eg¿jla jQ nj ihsm%ia ks,Odßka úiska o ms<sf.k ;sfí' (Wanasundera, 2001)' mqyqKqùï iïnkaO f,aLK jxpkslj ms<sfh, lrk w;r27 ks, f,aLkhka /lshd wfmalaIlhkaj /jàfï wruqKska fjkia lrk njgo jd¾;d úh' (DailyNews, 2008c)' fuu wOHhkfha§ iïuqL mÍCIKhg Ndckh lrk ,oaoka w;ßka tjeks kso¾Yk oelsh yels úh' ixl%uKh ùug .;a W;aidyh wid¾:l jQ tla m%;spdr olajkakl= úfoaY .uka n,m;%fha Tyqf.a jhi fjkia lsÍu i|yd remsh,a 25"000 la f.jd ;snqKs'

ffjoH

uOHia:dkfha wOHCIljrhd ióCIlg lreKq olajñka ;ukaf.a jhi fjkia lr olajk ,o ldka;djka fofofkl= ms<sn| lreKq fy<sorõ lf<ah'

ixl%uKh úug

wfmalaIdfjka isá ldka;djlf.a .uka n,m;%fha jhi wjqreÿ 51 la f,i i|yka jqjo wehf.a i;H jhi 59 la njo" jhi 18 la f,i fmkaùug Wmka Èkh fjkia lr olajk ,o wjqreÿ 16 l ldka;djla isá njo m%ldY lf<ah'

27' wNsjDoaêodhlhkaf.a iïuqL idlÉPd

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5'2 kS;s úfrdaë f.ùï 2009 § YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxY mk;g28 f.k tk ,o ixfYdaOkh YS% ,xldfjka msg; ´kEu rgl29 isák mqoa.,fhl=f.a /lshd wjia:d ,nd§u iy iqrCIs; lsÍu i|yd n,h,;a ksfhdað; wdh;khla úiska .dia;= whlsÍu kS;sh u.ska m%ldYs;ju ;ykï flßKs'

flfia fj;;a ksfhdað;fhl=g re' 20"000 lg wvq jegqma ,nk

Y%ñlfhl=f.ka YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfha ,shdmÈxÑ .dia;=j jYfhka re' 8"883 la iy re' 20"000 fyda Bg by< jegqma ,nk flfkl=f.ka re' 11"767 la whlr.; yelsh' fuu whlsÍï o cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha uQ,O¾uhkag wkq.; úh hq;=h' flfia fj;;a b;d iSñ; /lshd ksfhdað; wdh;k ixLHdjla muKla fuu kS;s fr.=,diskag wjk;j lghq;= lrk nj fmfka'30 /lshd wfmaCIdfjka isák whf.ka wêl uqo,la n|jd .ekSu iòyd whlsÍu Tjqkag w;sf¾l ysßyerhls' th ÿmam;a ldka;djka iy mqreIhka ;uka úiska ;ukaf.a j;alï Wlig ;nkjd muKla fkdj .dia;= f.ùug uqo,a imhd .ekSug fkdyels ùu fya;=fjka M,odhs /lshd wjia:djkays jdisodhl ;;ajhka m%fhdackhg .ekSfï wjia:dj o wysñ lrhs' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfha iNdm;s m%ldY lrk wdldrhg úfYaIfhkau ueo fmrÈ. rgj,g bÈlsÍï l¾udka;h i|yd mqyqKq Y%ñlhkag b;d by< b,aüla ;snqko n|jd .kakka úiska tla /lshd wfmalaIlfhl=f.ka re' 60"000 la muK whlrkq ,efí' ixl%uKh wfmalaIdfjka isákakka iy fmr,d meñfKkakka Tjqka Ndú;d lrk ixl%uK ud¾.h l=ula jqj;a YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úiska wkqu; fkdlrk ,o uqo,a m%udKhka f.jk f,i Tjqkag wksjd¾h lr we;s njg ióCIKh úiska lreKq fy<sorõ lrf.k we;' /lshd wfmaCIdfjka ixl%uKhg iQodkïj isá mqoa.,hka 05 fofkl= iy fmr,d meñKs 04 fofkl=f.ka Tjqka ixl%uKh lrk ,o /lshd ksfhdað; wdh;kh úiska uqo,a whlrf.k ;snqKs' ixl%uKslhkaf.ka 65] la muK re' 15"000 la iy re' 900"000 la w;r uqo,a m%udKhla ksfhdað;hkag f.jd ;snqKs' n,m;a,dNS wdh;k 10 la wkq ksfhdað; wdh;k 03 la" wúêu;a uQ,dY%hka 45 la m%;spdr olajk ,oaokaf.ka lsisÿ .dia;=jla whlrf.k fkd;snqKs' ksfhdað; wdh;k 20 la iy 28' 51 ^w& î& j.ka;sh - n,m;%,dNShd YS% ,xldfjka msg; /lshd wjia:djla ,nd.ekSu i|yd lsisÿ fldñia uqo,la fyda fjk;a uqo,la ,ndfkd.kS kï Tyqg úhoï úh yels i;H uqo, whlr.; yels w;r" Bg wu;rj ld¾hdxYfhka ,nd.kakd ,o mQ¾K wkque;shlska miqj ´kEu n|jd .ekSula i|yd jehjk ,shdmÈxÑ .dia;=j whlr.; yel' b,a,d isákq ,nk úhoï m%udKh idOdrK fkdjk njg ld¾hdxYhg yeÕS hkafka kï 37 j.ka;sh hgf;a tu wkqu; lsÍu m%;sfCIam l, yel' îi& úfoaY.; fiajHhfhl=f.a úhoï i|yd f.ùï ,eî" tfia ,enqk nj iÕjd tlS úhoï i|yd f.jk f,i b,a,d isàkï tjeks n,m;%,dNsfhl= mk; hgf;a jerÈlre úh hq;=h' îii& n,m;%,dNsfhl= ;udg ,enqkq uqo,a i|yd ,ÿm;la ksl=;a l< hq;=h îv& ,ÿm;la ksl=;a fkdlrhs kï fuu mk; hgf;a jorlre l< yel' 29' 34 jk j.ka;sh 30' n,m;%,dNS /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh iuÕ iïuqL idlÉPd iy ióCIK

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wkq ksfhdað; wdh;k 04 la ,shdmÈxÑh i|yd wfkl=;a úhoï wdjrKh lrkq ,nk re' 15"000 l uqo,la ,ndf.k we;' ksfhdað; wdh;k 13 la iy wúêu;a cd,hkaf.ka 04 la Tjqkaf.a .dia;=j jYfhka udi 02 l fyda 03 l jegqma f.jk f,i kshu lr we;' rEm igyk 06 ( ióCIKfha§ m%;spdr olajk ,oaokaf.ka whlrf.k we;s .dia;= n,m;a ,;a ksf hdað; wdh;k

w;rueÈhka

wúêu;a cd,

m%;spdr m%udKh

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 15000 wvq

15000 <30000

30000 <45000

45000 <75000

75000 - 100000 <100000 <200000

200000

iy Bg jeä

fouilÈ f;uil§ úfoaY.;j úfoaY.;j bmhQ bmhQ uqo, uqo,

f.jkq ,enQ uqo,

b;d,sh" lekvdj iy ihsm%ia jeks ngysr rgj, iy kef.kysr wdishdfõ ol=Kq fldßhdj jeks rgj, /lshd wjia:d imhkakka iy /lshd fidhd §ug tlÕ jQ /lshd ksfhdað;hka úiska by<u .dia;= whlrf.k we;'

re' 100"000 la muK jk wju

.dia;=j ueo fmrÈ. rgj,g .sh Y%ñlhka úiska f.jd we;' ksfhdað;hka úiska tfia whlrkq ,nk by< .dia;=j u.ska Tjqkaf.a mßmd,k úhoï wdjrKh lrkafkah hkak mokï úrys; ;¾lhls'

ksfhdað; wdh;khkag Tjqkaf.a

úhoï wdjrKh lr .ekSu i|yd wjYH uqo,a úfoaY ksfhdað;hka úiska f.jkq ,nk w;r ixl%uKh jk Y%ñlhkaa úiska f.jk ,o ,shdmÈxÑ .dia;=fjka 70] la muK YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úiska Tjqkag kej; f.jkq ,efí' n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uhg wkqj ksfhdað;fhl=g we'fvd,¾ 800 - 1400 la w;r m%udKhla n|jd .ekSfï .dia;=j jYfhka ,efí' .Dy fiajlhka iïnkaOfhka jk úg ta ta rgj, wkq.%dylhka úiska oeßh hq;= n|jd .ekSï .dia;= YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úiska kshu lr we;' fi!È wrdìh ^uqia,Sï mqoa.,fhl= i|yd re' 201"050$- iy uqia,Sï fkdjk mqoa.,fhl= i|yd re' 179"050$-& vqndhs ^re' 65"550$-& 31' http://www.slbfe.lk/recrutmentcost.asp - 15th March 2009

-55-

f,nkkh ^re' 195"100$-& wnqvdì ^re' 73"500$-& ´udkh ^re' 142"000$-& lgd¾ ^re' 128"160$-& ud,Èjhsk ^re' 191"100$-& iy isx.mamQrej ^re' 68"135$-&31 jYfhka wod, .dia;= oeßh hq;=h' fi!È wrdìfha wkq.%dyh olajkafkl= úiska oeßh hq;= wksl=;a úhoï w;r úid i|yd hk úhou" mÈxÑùfï wjirh" foaYSh ksfhdað;hdg f.úh hq;= fldñia uqo, jYfhka iuia;hla f,i re' 201"050$- l uqo,la uqia,Sï Y%ñlhl= fjkqfjka o" re' 179"050$- l uqo,la uqia,Sï fkdjk Y%ñlfhl= fjkqfjka o oeßh hq;=h' wod, ld,h bl=;a ùug fmr,d ish rgg heúu i|yd jehfjk uqo,a o fuhg we;=<;ah' isx.mamQrej fiajd n,m;%,dNsfhl=f.ka /lshdj iïnkaO úhoï fyda fjk;a lsisÿ whlr.ekSula fiajd fhdaclhdg ;ykï lr we;' tu ksid fiajlfhl=f.ka Tjqka úhoï fkdf.jkafka kï lsisÿ .dia;=jla whlr.; fkdyelsh' n,m;a,;a úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað; ix.uhg wkqj .Dy fiajlhkaf.ka ksfhdað;hka lsisÿ .dia;=jla wh fkdl,o l,ska i|yka l< mßÈ Y%u wOHhkfha§ fy<s jQfha Bg mgyeks ;;a;ajhls'

fiajlhd YS% ,xldfõ§ fyda Tyq msgrg isáh§ fyda Tyqf.a fyda

wehf.a m<uq udi foflys fyda ;=fkys jegqm ksfhdað;hdg f.jkq ,efí' úfoaYSh ksfhdað;hd iy foaYSh n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað;hd iyfhda.fhka tlaj lghq;= lrhs' uqreis Èjhsfka we.¨ï l¾udka; Yd,djl ;;a;ajh flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lsÍfï§ ixl%uKsl Y%ñlfhl=f.a .uka úhou fiajd fhdaclhd úiska oeßh hq;= njg rch úiska kshu lr ;snqKo .=jka .uka úhofuka 1$3 la Y%ñlhdf.a whlrkq ,nk nj ióCIKfha§ fy<sorõ ù we;' (Dias & Wanasundera, 2002)' flfia fj;;a fuu ióCIKfha§ tjeks úIudpdr yuq fkdùh' fcda¾odkfha uE;l§ lrk ,o wOHhkhl§ fy<s jQfha ixl%uKsl fiajlfhl=f.ka whlrkq ,nk .dia;=j úhoï wvq lsÍfuka miq ksfhdað;hd iy fiajdfhdaclhd w;r fnod .kakd njhs'

wúêu;a cd,hka yryd

ixl%uKh jQjka úiska b;d by, uqo,la fï i`oyd f.jkq ,nk njo úúO wOHhkhkays§ fy<s ù ;sfí' wreu mqÿu —ñ;=ßh— ldka;s ihsm%ifha fiajh lrk ish ñ;=ßh jk wu,dg wehf.a wd¾Ól wmyiq;d ms<sn|j oekajQ úg .Dy fiaúldjla jYfhka wehg /lshdjla fidhd §ug ñ;=ßh tlÕ úh' mqyqKq jevigykg iyNd.s ù .uka n,m;%h ,nd .kakd f,i weh ldka;sg oekajQjdh' .=jka .uka .dia;= iy ùid i|yd re' 50"000$- la muK jeh úh yels fyhska wu,dg hjkq msKsi wu,df.a ujg ldka;s úiska re' 40"000$- ,ndÿKs' wu,d udihl mgka ldka;s yd iïnkaO fkdjQ fyhska weh wu,df.a uj fidhd .sh úg weh rg yerod f.dia we;s nj oek .kakg ,enqKs' wu,dg ldka;s úiska hjk ,o ,smsj,g o mss<s;=re fkd,enqKs' th fm!oa.,sl .Kqfokqjla ùu;a uqo, ,nd.;a ;eke;a;sh rgyer f.dia ;sìu fya;=fjka wehg l< yels lsisjla fkdùh'

-56-

f.ùï hkqfjka woyia lrkqfha uqo,a muKlau fkdfõ' thg wdydrmdk" we÷ï me<ÿï' iaj¾KdNrK" Y%uh iy ,sx.sl myi o we;=,;a fõ' ÿr neyer fmfoia j,ska meñfKk ldka;djka fld<U kjd;ekay,a j,g f.kajd úfoaY /lshd i`oyd msg;aùug fmr wmfhdackhkag ,lalrk nj iïuqL idlÉPdjg iyNd.S jQfjda m%ldY l<y' uq,Huh fkdjk m%;s,dN imhk f,ig Tjqkaf.ka b,a,d isáfha oehs úfYaIfhkau úuid isá úg tfia l< njg fofofkl= ms<s.;ay'

tla ldka;djlg n|jd .ekSï isÿlrk whf.a

ksjfia kej;S fiajh lrk f,ig o ;j;a ldka;djlg ksfhdað;hdg ,sx.sl myi ,ndfok f,igo m%ldY fldg ;snqKs' 5'3 kS;s iy ld¾h mámdàka W,a,x>kh lsÍu /lshd fkdue;sj n|jd .ekSu kej; kej;;a jd¾;d jk úIudpdrhla jkafka fkdmj;sk /lshd i|yd n|jd .ekSuhs' fï i|yd tla fya;=jla jkafka ksfhdað; wdh;k" YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh iy úfoaY ;dkdm;s ld¾hd, u.ska isÿlrk /lshd wekjqï iïnkaO .eg¿ iy.; l<ukdldß;ajhhs' úfoaY ksfhdað; wdh;kfhka fyda wkq.%dylhdf.ka ,efnk /lshd wekjqï YS% ,xldfõ ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,h u.ska foaYSh ksfhdað; wdh;khg tùug fmr iy;sl lrkq ,nk w;r ixl%uKh lrkq ,nk mqoa.,hkag /lshd wjia:d ;sfío hkak ms<sn| tu`.ska iy;sl fõ'

flfia fj;;a ksfhdað; wdh;k lrkq ,nkafka /lshd m%udKfha by,

w.hla fmkajd mj;akd wenE¾;= m%udKhg jvd jeä m%udKhla i|yd wjirh ,nd .ekSuhs' tla úfoaY ksfhdað; wdh;khlg fyda wkq.%dylhl=g wjqreoaol ld,hlg j,x.=" kuq;a w¨;a l, yels /lshd wekjqula n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k 03 lg ,ndÈh yel'

n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uhg wkqj fujeks

ls%hdmámdáhla wkq.ukh lrkafka ld¾hd,Sh uÜgñka isÿjk l,a.;ùï ke;s lsÍug iy n|jd .ekSï fkdkj;ajd isÿlsÍug ksfhdað; wdh;k j,g wjia:dj i,id §ug;ah' flfia fj;;a" jd¾;d jk wdldrhg m<uq wjirh ,nd§u i|yd YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh jehlrkq ,nkafka jevlrk Èk 07 la muKs' ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka yg wkd.; wjodkula we;s l< yels lrekq jkafka /lshd mj;skafka o hkak úuid ne,Sulska f;drj ;dkdm;s ld¾hd, u.ska Tjqkaf.a wjirh ,nd§u;a" YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska fkdmj;sk /lshd i|yd wkque;sh ,nd§u;a iy /lshd fkdue;s úgl§ w;rueÈhka úiska /lshd wfmalaIs;hkaf.ka .dia;=jla whlr .ekSug we;s yelshdj;ah'

-57-

/lshd fkdue;sj n|jd .ekSu fya;=fjka Y%ñlhka fkdokakd rgj, w;rux ùu isÿúh yel'

YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys o;a; j,g wkqj 2004 j¾Ifha§

Y%ñlhka 13 fofkl= tf,i w;rux ù we;s w;r fuh 2005 j¾Ih jk úg 541 olajd jeä ù we;' 2006 jir jk úg tu w.h 1060la jQ kuqÿ 2007 j¾Ifha§ 984la iy 2008 j¾Ifha§ 131la olajd wvqúh' fndfyda isoaëka jd¾;d fkdùu fya;=fjka fuh óg;a jvd by, w.hla .; yel' mqreIhka iy ldka;djka hk fomd¾Yjh w;rux ùug ,lajqjo ta w;=ßka ldka;djkaf.a m%udKh mqreIhkag jvd by, w.hla .kakd w;r tu`.ska Tjqka myiqfjka wk;=rlg n÷ka ùfï iajNdjhla fmkajhs' fuu wOHhkhg iyNd.S jQ - úfoaY /lshdjlg W;aidylr wid¾:l jQ ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka w;=ßka 03 fofkl= w;rux ù isg we;' tla m%;spdrolajkakl= yg ihsm%ifhys /lshdjla ,ndfok njg fmdfrdkaÿ ù Tyq yg mjid we;af;a tys hdug u,hdishdj yryd hd hq;= nj;a" u,hdishdfõ§ Tyqf.a ùid n,m;% ,ndfokq we;s nj;ah' kuq;a Tyqj rjgd we;s nj Tyqg jegyqfka lajd,d,ïmQ¾ k.rfha§ Tyqg Tyqf.a /lshd wdh;kfha ksfhdað;hd yuqfkdjQ úgh' ;j;a W;a;rlrefjl= iy ;j;a 06 fofkl= uef,aishdjg /lshd i|yd /f.k f.dia we;s w;r tys ,Õdùfï§ Tjqkag wjYH /lshd fkd;snqKs' 03 jk W;a;rlre úYajdi lrk mßÈ ixpdrl úid .uka n,m;%hla u; brdlhg hdug msg;a jQ Tyqj vqndhs ys§ w;rux lrjk ,§'

ud,Èjhsfka w;ruxj msgrg hEu i|yd jQ kkaoisßf.a m<uq W;aidyh wid¾:l jqjo Tyq kej; jrla W;aidy lf<ah' ud,Èjhskg fïikajre jYfhka hjk nj oek .ekSug ,eîfuka Tyq re' 10"000 la f.jd ;j;a 17 fofkl= iu. tys .sho tjeks lsisÿ /lshdjla tys fkdùh' kej; YS% ,xldjg meñKSug fmr Tjqyq tys udi 03 l ld,hla w;rux ù isáhy'

/lshd iïuqL mÍCIK ksfhdað; wdh;k úiska wkd.; ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka iïuqL mÍCIK i|yd Ndckh lrùu w;HjYH jqjo wfmalaIs; Y%ñlhka 11 fofkl=f.ka 10 fofkl=u m%ldY lf,a Tjqkaf.a .súiqï w;aika lsÍug ksfhdað; wdh;k fj; fkd.sh njh' ;jo .súiqï w;aika l<" kej; meñKs Y%ñlhka 55 fofkl= w;=ßka tla wfhl= muKla tf,i ;u .súiqu ksfhdað; wdh;kh ;=< w;aika fldg ;sìKs'

-58-

cd;sh fyda wd.u fjkia lsÍu iy jhi fjkia lsÍu jeks úIudpdrhka isÿlsÍu i`oyd iïuqL mÍCIKhkays we;s ÿ¾j,;d bjy,afõ' iïuqL mÍCIK" hï /lshdjla i|yd /lshd wfmalaIs;hkaf.a iqÿiqlu uek ne,Sug WmldÍ jk w;r" úfoaY .uka n,m;%h iy wfkl=;a f;dr;=re wvx.= f,aLk mÍCId lsÍug o wjia:djla i,id foa' Y%ñlhka n|jd .ekSfï§ wod, jk ish¿ ixl%uKhg fmr Wmpdrhka ms<sn| lghq;= lsÍu w;rueÈhka w;ska isÿjk w;r /lshd wfmalaIs;hdf.a .uka n,m;%h muKla fndfyda úg n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;kh fj; /f.k hhs' fuu ;;a;ajh m%Odkshd YS% ,xldjg meñK n|jd .ekSï i|yd jk iïuqL mÍCIK mej;ajkafka kï fjkia fõ' wNsjDoaêodhlhkaf.a iïuqL idlÉPdjl§ YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys ks,Odßfhl= ;yjqre l< mßos Y%ñlhd fndfyda úg n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;kh uqK fkd.efik w;r Tyqg w;rueÈhd úiska imhkq ,nk f;dr;=re u; hemSug isÿfõ' n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.ufhys lñgq idudðlfhl= ms<s.;a mßÈ iïuqL mÍCIKhla fkdue;sj n|jd .ekSu jev ìfï§ .eg¿ we;sùug fya;=fõ' tkï hï /lshdjka i|yd Y%ñlhka .e,fmkafka o hkak n|jd .ekSug fmr mÍCId l< hq;= fõ' fuh úfYaIfhkau wod, jkafka ÿr m<d;a j, fyda j;= j, isg meñfKk Y%ñlhka iïnkaOfhks' /lshdj i|yd fkd.e,mSu tf;r rgl§ Y%ñlhka ysxikhg m;alsÍug fya;= fõ' fuu ks,Odßhdg mjid we;s mßÈ iuyr ydïmq;=ka m<uq oelSfukau Y%ñlhd bj;a lrhs' tjeks wjia:dj,§ úfoaY ksfhdað; wdh;kh ydïmq;df.ka ùid n,m;%h ñ,§ f.k th fjk;a fiajd fhdaclhl=g úl=Kkq ,efí'

tys§ Y%ñlhd tla fiajd

fhdaclfhl=f.a isg ;j;a wfhl=g udre fõ' fuh tla w;lg ukqIHhka fj<odï lsÍu fyj;a l=ÜGkhg iudk jk w;r th cd;Hka;r m%{ma;ska o W,a,x>kh lsÍuls' Y%ñlhkag j,x.= /lshdjla fkdue;s úg fyda /lshd .súiqula fkdue;s úg Tyq fyda weh wk;=rlg n÷ka ùfï iajNdjh by, hkq we;" fi!LHh mÍCIK msg;aùug m%:uj ish¿ ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhska úiska YÍr fhda.H;d mÍCIKhla isÿl< hq;= fõ'

1980 .kka j, mgka fuu mÍCIKh mj;ajd we;af;a ,shdmÈxÑ ffjoHh

m¾fhaIKd.dr j, fyda rcfha frday,a ;=<h'

flfia kuq;a 2004 j¾Ifha isg fuu

;;a;ajh fjkia ù we;' fi!È wrdìh" l=fõgh iy ´udkh jeks rgj,a olajd we;s mßÈ fuu mÍCIK isÿl< hq;af;a .,a*a iyfhda.s;d rgj, wkque;sh ,;a ffjoH uOHia:dk ix.uh úiska kï lrk ,o ffjoH uOHia:dk 13 ka tllh'32 2008 j¾Ifha§ ixl%uksl msg;ajhEï j,ska 48] la isÿj we;af;a fuu rgj,gh' fuu ix.uh .,a*a iyfhda.s;d ljqkai,fha ^GCC& ffjoH lñgqj u.ska m;alr we;s w;r fï u.ska jxpdjla je<elaùu" jxpdldÍ ksfhdað; wdh;k uq,skqmqgd oeóu iy .,a*a iyfhda.s;d ljqkai,fha rgj,a j, 32’ http://www.gamca-karachi.com

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fi!LHh weu;sjrekaf.a ljqkais,fha úOdhl lñgqj u.ska mkjk fldkafoais ls%hd;aul lsÍu isÿfõ' fuu ffjoH uOHia:dk md,kh lrf.k hkq ,nkafka MBBS iqÿiqlu we;s Ys% ,dxlsl ffjoHjreka úisks' 2006 wxl 21 orK fm!oa.,sl ffjoH wdh;k ^,shdmÈxÑh& mk;g wkqj YS% ,xldj ;=< msysá ish¿ fm!oa.,sl ffjoH wdh;k fm!oa.,sl fi!LHh fiajd kshduk ljqkaishf,ys ,shdmosxÑ l< hq;=h'

kuq;a fuu wOHhkh fidhd oek.;a mßÈ ish¿u uOHia:dk

,shdmÈxÑ lr ke;' n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uhg wkqj fi!LH n,Odßka fm!oa.,sl ffjoH wdh;k j,g n,mdk kS;s Í;s ls%hd;aul lsÍug wfmdfydi;a ù we;' wod, rgj,a ;=kg" msg;aùug hk Y%ñlhka úiska uqyqKÈh hq;= ffjoH mÍCIK iïnkaOfhka taldêldrhla fuu ffjoH uOHia:dk j,g ,nd§ we;' n|jd .ekSfï ksfhdað; wdh;k úiska Tjqka yryd ixl%uKh lrk mqreIhka yd ldka;djka Tjqkaf.a msg;aùug fmr ,shdmÈxÑ jQ ffjoH uOHia:dkhl§ iqÿiqlï ,;a ffjoHjrhl= u.ska mÍCIdjg ,lalsÍu isÿl< hq;= fõ'

mÍCIKh i|yd ksfhdað;

wdh;kh úiska idudkHfhka f.ùï lrk w;r Y%ñlhskaf.ka tu úhou whlr .kS' fujeks mÍCIK iïnkaOfhka jk úIudpdrhka ms<sn| jQ fpdaokd iuyrla fufiah' l=uk mÍCIKhka isÿ lf<ao hkak Y%ñlhd fkdoek isàu" Tyqf.a fyda wehf.a oekqulska f;drj fok ,o leue;a; wkqj mÍCIKh isÿ lsÍu" mÍCIK jd¾;d ,nd .ekSug Tyqg$wehg

fkdyels

ùu"

wiu;a

jQjka

i|yd

ksÍCIKhla

fojk

jrg

ffjoHjrfhl=f.ka ,nd.ekSug yelshdjla fkdùu iy Y%ñlhdf.a leue;a;lska f;drj tu jd¾;d ;=kajk md¾Yjhla jk ksfhdað; wdh;khg iDcqju heùuh' Y%ñlhkaf.a wkque;sh fkdue;sj Tyqf.a ffjoH mÍCIK m%;sM, ;=kajk md¾Yjhlg fy<slsÍu cd;Hka;r kS;sh hgf;a frda.sfhl=f.a whs;Ska W,a,x>kh lsÍula muKla fkdj YS% ,xldfõ ffjoH iNdfõ ffjoH wdpdr O¾u ms<sn| m%;sm;a;s o fkdi,ld yeÍuls' tu wdpdrO¾u olajk mßÈ ˜ffjoHjrhl= iy frda.sfhl= w;r we;s .súiqfuys —ryiHNdjh— hkak .uH jk w;r wkque;sh rys; fy<slsÍï .súiqï lv lsÍuls' ta wkqj fuh ffjoHjrhdg tfrysj isú,a kvqjla f.dkq lsÍug yels jrols (SLMC 2003)' wiu;a jqjo tu Y%ñlhd yg tu m%;sM, i|yd m%fõYhla fkd,efnk w;r ffjoH úfYaI{fhl=f.ka ta ms<sn|j fojk u;hla ,nd.ekSug o wjldY fkd,efí' fï w;r Y%ñlhl= tla ksfhdað; wdh;khl isg ;fjllg udre lsÍfï§ fyda /lshdfõ kshq;= rg fjkia lsÍfï§ m<uq ksfhdað; wdh;kh tu mqoa.,hdf.a ffjoH mÍCIK m%;sM, n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh33 yryd wfkla ksfhdað; wdh;khg hefjk w;r th isÿjkafka Y%ñlhdf.a leue;a;lska f;drjh' 33' www.alfea.org - idudðlhka yg wj;SrK ùu ;ykï fõ' kuq;a ióCIlhd m%fõYhg wjir ÿka w;r th 2009 fmnrjdß 08 Èk krUk ,§'

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mÍCIKfha§ .eíf.k we;s ldka;djka yg ixl%uKhg wjir fkd,efí' flfia fj;;a jd¾;djlg wkqj (Human Rights Watch (2007)" ixl%uKsl .Dy fiaúldjka yg iuyr wjia:dj,§ .eí .ekSu je<elaùu i|yd È.=ld,Sk Wm;a md,k tkak;a ,nd fohs' fuh Tjqkaf.a leue;a; fyda oekSula fkdue;sj isÿjk w;r iuyr wjia:dj,§ n,lsÍu u;o isÿfõ' iïuqL idlÉPdjl§ tla n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;khla m%ldY l< mßÈ msgrg hEug uilg fyda follg fmr ixl%uKsl ldka;d Y%ñlhka ffjoH mÍCIKhlg uqyqK fok w;r Tjqka tu ld,h ;=< yd msg;a ùug m%:uj .eí .ekSu je<elaùu i|yd Wm;a md,k tkak;a ,nd fokq ,efí' fuh udkj ysñlï W,a,x>kh lsÍuls' iïuqL idlÉPdjg Ndckh l< ffjoH uOHia:dkfha wOHCIljrhd mejiQfha ffjoH iy;sl ksl=;a lsÍfï§ fndfyda ¥IK34 isÿjk njh' widOH frda. ;;a;ajhka iys; ldka;djka msgrg hefjk w;r Tjqkaj y÷kd .kafka úfoaYhkays§ isÿlrk ffjoH mÍCIKfhks' jd¾;d jk wdldrhg Tjqka kej; furgg tjkq ,efí'

Tyq mejiQ

wdldrhg wdmiq ishrg tùfï úhoï ksfhdað; wdh;kh úiska oeßh hq;= kuqÿ idudkHfhka fuu úhoï oeÍug Y%ñl ldka;djkag isÿfõ' l=fõÜ ys msysá YS% ,xldfõ ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,h u.ska 2007 j¾Ifha§ .Dy fiaúldjka 291 fofkl= furgg kej; tjk ,o w;r 2008 m<uq udi myl ld,h ;=< tu m%udKh 150 la úh' fuhg fya;=j ù we;af;a mrïmrdkq.; frda." uyd mßudKfha ie;alï isÿfldg ;sîu fyda meñKSfï§ .eíf.k isàu hk fya;=j u; úfoaYhkays isÿl< ffjoH mÍCIKh wiu;a ùu jeks lreKq fõ (Samath, 2008)' ol=Kq fldßhdjg msg;aj hk Y%ñlhka i|yd rcfha ffjoH wdh;k j, mj;ajkq ,nk ffjoH mÍCIKhla i|yd whlrk uqo, re' 2"500 la jk w;r" ffjoH mÍCIKhla i|yd .,a*a iyfhda.s;d rgj, wkque;sh ,;a ffjoH uOHia:dk ix.uh iy wfkla wdh;k u.ska whlrk .dia;=j jd¾;djk wdldrhg Bg jvd jeä w.hls' ióCIKh fmkajd fok mßÈ ffjoH mÍCIKhlg ,lajQ ixl%uKslhka 138 fofkl= w;=ßka 10 fofkl= lsis uqo,la fkdf.jd we;s w;r 81 fofkl= re' 2000 ;a re' 4000 ;a w;r m%udKhla o" 23 fofkl= re' 4000 ;a re' 6000 ;a w;r m%udKhla f.jd we;' oyih fofkl= Tjqka úiska fï i|yd f.jk ,o uqo,a m%udKh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla fkdjQ w;r Tjqka olajk ,oafoa Tjqka ta i`oyd w;rueÈhl= u; úYajdih ;enQ njhs' .,a*a iyfhda.S;d ljqkai,fha rgla jk fi!È wrdìhg hdug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka úiska by,u uqo,a m%udKhla f.jd we;' 34' n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uhg wkqj l=fõÜ ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,h úiska kej; oekqï fok ;=re 2009 Tlaf;daïn¾ udifha § ffjoH uOHia:dkhla mj;ajdf.k hdu w;aysgqjd we;' fya;=j olajd fkdue;' http://www.alfea.org/news.php

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rEm igyk 07 ( iïuqL idlÉPdjkag iyNd.sjQjkag wkqj ffjoH mÍCIKhg jehjQ úhou

Y%ñlhka ixLHdj

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 < 2000

2,000 <4000

4,000 <6000

6,000 <8000

8,000 <10,000

14,000 <16,000

18,000 <20,000

uqo, ^re'&

fi!LHh mÍCIdjka tf;r rgj,§ isÿ flfrkq ,nk w;r ióCIKh fidhd oek.;a mßÈ kej; meñKs mqoa.,hskaf.ka 30] muK fujeks mÍCIK j,g n¥ka ù we;' WodyrKhla f,i nyf¾ka ys§ Tjqkag .,a*a iyfhda.s;d rgj,a úiska wkqu; lrk ,o ffjoH uOHia:dk ix.uhg wh;a uOHia:dkhla jk w,a rdis fi!LHh uOHia:dkh kue;s ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhska i|yd jk rcfha uOH.; fi!LHh wdh;khla fj; fhduq flf¾' fuys§ kej;;a ixl%uKslhka wmfhdackhg iy úIudpdrhkag ,laùfï wjOdkula we;' .,a*a iyfhda.s;d rgj,a úiska wkqu; lrk ,o ffjoH uOHia:dk ix.ufha Í;s ud,djg wkqj —ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka ;u wkque;sh ffjoH jd¾;dfõ we;s bx.S%is fyda wrdì fmdaruh u; w;aik fh§fuka oelaúh hq;=h˜' kuq;a fmkS hk lreK jkafka Tjqkag th f;areï .ekSug fkdyels fyda msrùu fkdyels neúka fndfyda úg Tjqkaf.a leue;a; fkdue;sj w;aik ,nd .kakd njh'35 nyf¾ka á%ìhqkays Wmqgd olajk ,o ióCIKhlg wkqj W;a;rlrejka mjid we;af;a Tjqkaf.a ffjoH mÍCIK i|yd jk wkque;sh ,nd.ekSfï m;s%ldj w;aika fldg we;af;a Tjqkaf.a wkq.%dylhd njh'

35' www.baharintribune.com

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mqyqKq lsÍu msgrg hEug fmr mqyqKqùu úfYaIs; ldKav j,g wh;a ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkayg wksjd¾h fõ' lsysm j;djla úfoia .;jQ iy Rcqj úfoia .; jk wh fuu mqyqKqfjkaa ksoyia fldg we;' mqyqKqj úYudpdrhkag tfrys wdrlaIKhla jk w;r l%udkql+,j tu jev igykg iyNd.s úh hq;= ish¨ fokdu ;u iyNd.S;ajh iy;sl l< hq;= fõ' mqyqKq ùï iy;sl ksl=;a lsÍfï§ mek k.sk ¥IK fpdaokd fya;=fjka YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh b;d oeä md,khla isÿfldg we;' tajd w;r ,shdmÈxÑ kdu f,aLk iy m%.;s jd¾;d mß.Kl .; lsÍu" Èklg fojrla meñKSfï f,aLkh u; mqyqKqjkakkaf.a w;aik ,nd.ekSu iy mqyqKq uOHia:dk ms<sn| oeä wëCIKhl fh§u jeks lreKq oelaúh yel'

kuq;a ;ju;a jd¾;d jk mßÈ ksfhdað; wdh;k j,g hï f.ùula

lsÍfuka miq mqyqKq ùulska f;drj Y%ñlhka ixl%uKh lrkq ,efí (Arshad, 2007)' ióCIKh fmkajd fok wdldrhg ksfhdað; wdh;k iy w;rueÈhka yryd ixl%uKh l< ióCIKhg iyNd.SjQjka w;=ßka 34] la j¾I 2003 isg 2008 ld,h ;=< wksjd¾hh mqyqKqlsÍfï jevigykla i|yd iyNd.s ù ke;' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh mqyqKqùï i|yd b;d iq¿ uqo,la whlrkq ,nk w;r th ksfhdað; wdh;kh fyda úfoia .;ùug n,dfmdfrd;a;=jk Y%ñlhd úiska f.jkq ,efí' re' 6000 la f.jQ m%;spdr olajkakl= iïnkaOfhka yefrkakg wka ish,a,kau m< l< u; wkqj mqyqKqùï iïnkaOfhka whlrKq ,nk .dia;= idOdrK nj fmkS hhs' fiajd .súiqu$.súiqï.; j.lSï ms<sn| we;s iSñ; wjfndaOh Fiajd fhdaclhd iy fiajlhd w;r we;s .súiqï.; in|;djfha moku jkafka /lshd .súiquh'

th Tyqg$wehg wdrlaIdjla i,ik w;r th n|jd .ekSfï kshuhka yd

fldkafoais ms<sn| jQ f,aLk.; idlaIshls' úfYaIfhkau fkdmqyqKq iy .Dy fiajlhka i|yd YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska wdo¾Y /lshd .súiqula ilid we;' tys /lshd ld,iSudj fiajlhdf.a hq;=lï iy jegqm we;=,;aj fiajdfhdaclhdf.a j.lSu" f.ùï l%uh" úfõl Èk" fkdñf,a wdydr ,nd§u" kjd;eka myiqlï" ffjoH /ljrKh iy YS% ,xldfõ isg tf;r rgg iy kej; meñKSug jehjk m%jdyk .dia;= f.ùu hk lreKq olajd we;' .súiqu fiajd fhdaclhd úiska fyda úfoaY ksfhdað; wdh;k úiska fyda wiaika lrkq ,nk w;r th YS% ,xld ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,fha ks,Odßfhl= úiska j,x.= njg iy;sl lsÍfuka miqj Y%ñlhdf.a wiaik i|yd Tyq fj; hjkq ,efí' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys ks,Orhl= bÈßmsg tys wka;¾.;h lshjd n,d th wiaika lsÍug Tyqg ta wkqj isÿfõ'

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YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxY mk;g wkqj .súiqfï msgm;la /lshd .súiqu ls%hd;aul ùug hk rfÜ lïlre wud;HdxYhg heúh hq;= fõ ^40 ^3& j.ka;sh&' .súiqï W,a,x.kh ùul § n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;kh thg j.lsjhq;= fõ' /lshdj iy /lshdj lrkq ,nk rg wkqj .súiqï fjkia fõ' ihsm%ifha § ish¿ ldKav j,g wh;a ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka lïlre kS;s j,g we;=,;a jk w;r ish¿ /lshd .súiqï iu. fiajd fhdaclhd ffk;slj nefoa' fï w;r uqreisfha kS;s u.ska wdjrKh jkafka l¾udka; wxYhg n|jd .;a msßia muKs' ;jo ol=Kq fldßhdfõ§ Tjqkaf.a .súiqï ld,iSudj ;=<§ Tjqkag kS;sfhys /ljrKh ,efí' flfia fj;;a YS% ,dxlslhka r|jd ;efnk ueo fmrÈ. rgj, lïlre kS;shg iuyrla kqmqyqKq iy .Dy fiajl ldKavh;a we;=,;a fkdjk w;r fiajd .súiqï mej;=k o tajd tu rgj, lïlre wud;HdxYhg hejqk o tu rgj, wêlrKhl§ tajd n,d;aul lsÍu ÿIalr ld¾hhls' ióCIKhg Ndckh l< ixl%uKhg fmr úúO wjia:dj, miqjk wfmalaIs; Y%ñlhka 120 fofkl= w;=ßka 9] la muKla .súiqï36 w;aika fldg we;s w;r kej; ishrg meñKs ixl%uKslhkaf.ka 52] la muKla tf,i isÿfldg we;' ksfhdað; wdh;khla u.ska ixl%uKh l< kej; meñK ixl%uKslhkaf.ka 25] iy w;rueÈfhl= yryd msg;a jQ whf.ka 32] la /lshdj i|yd msg;aj f.dia we;af;a .súiqula w;aika fkdlsÍfuks'37

YS%

,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh iDcqju ixl%uKh lrkq ,nk whf.ka .súiqula n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjk neúka Tjqkaf.ka 17] la muKla .súiqula w;aika fldg we;' .súiqula w;aika lsÍug fmr Y%ñlhdg jegfyk NdIdjlska th lshjd f;areï lr§u ffk;sl wjYH;djhls ^40 ^1& j.ka;sh&' flfia fj;;a ish¿ .súiqu isxyf,ka fyda fouf<ka ,sheù ke;s w;r 2007 jir jk f;la Y%ñlhd fjkqjg ksfhdað; wdh;kh fyda w;rueoshdg .súiqu w;aika lsÍug yelshdj ;snqKs' fuksid Y%ñlhd /lshdj iïnkaO kshuhka iy fldkafoais ms<sn|j wkjfndaOhlska miqúh'

/lshd .súiqu ms<sn| wvq

wjfndaOh fya;=fjka úIudpdrhka we;sfjk w;r tla wjia:djl§ tkï 2008 j¾Ifha§ uef,aishdjg hejqkq .Dy fiaúldjka 600 lg jeä msßila Tjqka úiska isÿl< hq;= ld¾hh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla fkdue;s ùu fya;= fldgf.k kej; ishrgg yrjd hjk ,§'

36' fuh iuyrla úg msg;aj hEug wdikak ù .súiqï w;aika lrk ksidfjka úh yel 37' flfia fj;;a Y%ñlhd fjkqfjka w;rueÈhdg .súiqu w;aika l, yel

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fuu .eg¿ u.yeÍu i|yd 2007 jif¾ mgka YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh b,a,d isákafka ish¿ Y%ñlhka ;u .súiqï j, we;s kshuhka yd fldkafoais isxyf,ka fyda fouf<ka f;areï lr §fuka miq tys ks,Orfhl= bÈßmsg§ w;aika l< hq;= njh' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh iy;sl fjk mßÈ .súiqfï wka;¾.;h lsheùfuka iy myod §fuka ish¿ Y%ñlhka Tjqkaf.a /lshdfõ iajNdjh iy úhoï" tkï .ukd.uk úhoï fiajd fhdaclhd úiska f.jkq ,nkq njo" we;=<;aj .súiqu ms<sn| oekqj;alñka hq;=j th w;aika lrk njg iy;sl úh yel' flfia fj;;a n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh fuu ls%hdmámdáhg úreoaO;ajh m%ldY lrk w;r Tjqka mjikafka fuh b;d wiSre ls%hdoduhla nj;a Èkm;d ixl%uKh lrk úYd, msßi ie,lSfï§ m%dfhda.sl fkdjk nj;ah' .súiqï wdfoaYkh .súiqï l+G f,i ieliSu iy wdfoaYkh n|jd .ekSfï ls%hdoduh ;=< olakg we;s iq,N úIudpdrhla jk w;r fuh Y%ñlhka /l.ekSu i|yd YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úiska wju m%ñ;Ska y÷kajd§ug lrkq ,nk W;aidyhka jHj¾: lsÍuls' .Dyfiajl iy fkdmqyqKq fiajlhka iïnkaO /lshd .súiqï j,g lsisÿ ffk;sl j,x.= Ndjhla tf;r rgj, fkdue;s w;r th olakg we;af;a ihsm%ih" BY%dh,h" isx.mamQrej iy ol=Kq fldßhdj jeks rgj, muKs'

tf;r§ .súiqï wdfoaYkh lsÍu jd¾;djk

wdldrhg b;d iq,N ;;ajhla jk w;r" /lshd kshuhka yd fldkafoais j, fjkialï fya;= fldgf.k wmfhdað; ;;ajhka hgf;a fyda wvq mählg fyda wvq m%;s,dN j,g fyda ta folgu hg;aj fyda /lshdj lsÍug isÿjkq we; (Hettiarachchi, 2004)' fjk;a foa w;r .Dyfiajlhka iïnkaO .eg¿ mek k.skafka /lshd lrk ksjfia iajNdjh iy tu ksjfia isák idudðl ixLHdj jevlrk meh .Kk iy jegqma iïnkaOfhks' Y%ñlhkayg fuu kj .súiqu iïnkaOfhka m%Yak lsÍu fyda ms<sfkd.ekSu l< fkdyels jkafka Tjqkag tu .súiqï ilid we;s NdIdj lsheùug fkdyels ksid;a" fkdmqreÿ mßirhl isàu ksid;a h' ;jo ;ukaf.a fyda ;u ksji wdYs%; j;alï Wlia ;eîfuka ,nd.;a úYd, uqo,a kej; f.ùug isÿùu ksid ,ndfok ´kEu /lshdjla lsÍug;a Y%ñlhska iQodkïh' ;jo fiajd fhdaclhdf.a kshuhkag yd fldkafoais j,g tlÕ ùug úfoaY ksfhdað; wdh;kh úiska Tjqkag n,lrkq ,efí' kej; meñKs ixl%uKslhka 57 fofkl= w;=ßka" 37 fofkl= m%ldY lr isáfha wod, tf;r rfgyso Tjqkag bx.S%is NdIdfjka ,shk ,o .súiqï w;aika lsÍug isÿjQ njh' 29 fofkl= mejiqfõ ;ukaf.a .súiqu ,enqfka wrdì NdIdfjka njh' 03 fofkl=g b;d,s NdIdfjka o fofofkl=g .S%l NdIdfjka o .súiqï ,eî ;sìKs' ^iuyrekaf.ka fï ms<sn|j úúOdldr jQ ms<s;=re ,eî ;snqks&

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/lshd wdfoaYkh kdyd ;udf.a Wiiafm< úNd.h wjika l< jyd Tyqf.a mshd Tyqg /lshdjla fidhd§fï wruqKska re' 60"000 la Khg f.k w;rueÈfhl=g f.jk ,§' kdyd úiska Tyqf.a mäfhka wod, Kh uqo, f.úh hq;= úh' 2006 jif¾ cqks ui Tyq rgyer .sfha lgd¾ rdcHfhys iud.ul ld¾hd, ld¾hh iydhl= f,i /lshdj lsÍugh' fmdfrdkaÿ jQ mßÈ /lshdj fkd,enqks' ta fjkqjg Tyqj Tgqjka msghdug;a bia;d, msßisÿ lsÍug;a /f.k hk ,§' ;jo Tyqf.a jegqma o fkdf.jQ w;r Tyqg wjYH ;rï wdydr o fkd,eìK'

uqia,sï

foajia:dkhl§ uqK.eiqkq Y%S ,dxlslhl= Tyqf.a mshdg ÿrl:k ud¾.fhka weu;Sug Tyqg Wmldr lrk ,§' mshd úiska w;rueÈhdg Tyqf.a ;;a;ajh ms<sn| oekajQ w;r Tyq mjid we;af;a kdyd ;j;a bjish hq;= njhs' flfia fj;;a udi 03 lg miqj;a Tyqf.a /lshdfjys fjkila fkdjQfhka Tyqf.a ñ;=rd úiska kdydj Ys% ,xldjg tùu i|yd Tyqf.a .=jka úhoï f.jk ,§' f.jQ uqo,a kej; ,ndfok f,i w;rueÈhdf.ka b,a,d isáho Tyq th f.ùug tlÕ fkdjQ w;r miqj kdyd iy Tyqf.a mshdg oek.kakg ,enqfKa Tyq lsysm fofkl=ju fuf,i rjgd we;s njhs'

ksjila fkdj f.dúfmd,ls l=fõÜys fjfik ñ;=frl= nKavdrg tys ksjil ßheÿre /lshdjla fidhd §ug fmdfrdkaÿ jQ w;r udisl jegqm re' 33"000 njo okajk ,§' .=jka .uka .dia;= o we;=,;aj msg;a ùug fmr oeßh hq;= úhoï re' 33"000 la muK úh' Tyq l=fõÜ rdcHhg meñKs úg Tyqj /f.k .sfha ksjilg fkdj i;aj f.dúm,lgh' Tyqf.a ñ;=rd wi;=gg m;alsÍug Tyqg fkdyels ksid wlue;af;ka jqjo tys fiajh lsÍug Tyq tlÕ úh' uilg miqj fmdfrdkaÿ jQ re' 35"000 fjkqjg re' 16"000 lg iudk uqo,la ,ndÿka w;r Tyq ;u uqo,ska .=jka úhoï f.jd oud YS% ,xldjg meñKsfhah'

úfoaYSh iy foaYSh ksfhdað; wdh;k fukau w;rueÈhka o fuu jxpdjg iïnkaOj isà' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska fkdmqyqKq iy .Dyfiajlhka i|yd f.úh hq;= wju fõ;khla ks¾foaY lr ;snqko fuu wjYH;djh u.yeÍug ksfhdað; wdh;k fyd§ka okS' tkï Tjqka úiska /lshd wekjqu ;=< wju fõ;kh olajk w;r Bg wvq fõ;khla f.ùug úfoaY ksfhdað; wdh;kh iu. tlÕ;djhlg meñfKa' /lshd wekjqfuys olajd ;snQ mßÈ iy YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska wkqu; lrk ,o mßÈ lgd¾ys .Dyfiajlhl= i|yd jk wju fõ;kh jQfha lgd¾ ßhd,a 900 ls' kuq;a n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh m%ldY lrkafka úfoaY /lshd

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ksfhdað;hd iu. jQ .súiqug wkqj f.ùug tlÕ ù ;snqfka lgd¾ ßhd¾ 600 la muKla njhs (Hettiarachchi, 2004)' n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uhg wkqj tjeks /jàula isÿjkafka nx.,dfoaYh jeks rgj,a iuÕ we;s ;r.h ksidfjks' ;j;a uE;ld,Sk WodyrKhla kï" fiajd fhdaclhd úiska f.ùug tlÕ jQ jegqm f.ùug wiu;a ùu fya;= fldgf.k l=fõÜys msßisÿ lsÍfï ld¾hhka i|yd n|jd .kakd ,o Y%ñlhka 200 fofkl= kej; le|ùug YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh lghq;= fhdok ,§' msßisÿ lsÍfï ld¾hh i|yd mkjk ,o wju jegqma f,i .súiqï.; f.ùu l=fõÜ äkd¾ 60 la jQ kuqÿ Y%ñlhka yg f.jk ,oafoa l=fõÜ äkd¾

40 la muKs'

úu¾Ykhkaf.ka fy<sjQ mßÈ l=fõÜ ys msysá fuu msßisÿ lsÍfï fiajd imhk l=fõÜys msysá w,a;dí kue;s iud.u f.ùug tlÕ ù we;af;a l=fõÜ äkd¾ 40 la muKla nj;a" Tjqka YS% ,dxlsl ksfhdað; wdh;kh iuÕ ryfia lghq;= fldg b;d wvq fõ;khla Tjqkag f.jkq ,nk nj;ah (The Island, 2008)' l=fõÜys YS% ,xld ;dkdm;sjrhd Wmqgd olajk mßÈ Y%ñlhkag Tjqkaf.a i;H jegqm fkdf.jk w;r foaYSh fiajd ksfhdað; wdh;k úiska Tjqkag jegqfmka hï fldgila muKla ,eîug i,iajk wdldrfha Wm .súiqï w;aika fldg b;sß uqo, Tjqkaf.a idlal=jg oud .kS' fuu isoaêh l=fõÜ ys lïlre úksYaph iNdjl§ úNd. úh (DailyMirror, 2009b)' iïuqL idlÉPdjg nÿka l< n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.ufha ks,Odßka m%ldY lf,a .súiqï wdfoaYkh keje;aùu i|yd jk ls%hdud¾. YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska f.k fkdue;s njhs'

Tjqkaf.a woyi jkafka tjeks

úIudpdrhka je<elaúh yels ud¾.hla jkafka ndr.kakd rfÜ wod, rdcHh wud;HdxYh úiska tu .súiqï ks¾joH f,i iy;slfldg" ùid ,eîug m%:u YS% ,xldj ;< msysá Tjqkaf.a ;dkdm;s ld¾hd, j, tajd f.dkq lsÍfuka .súiqug ffk;sl j,x.=Ndjhla ,ndÈh yels njhs' ióCIKhg wkqj kej; meñfKkakkaf.a 48] la tf;r rgg .shmiq .súiqï w;aika lr we;' fuu w.h ;=< wúêu;a cd,hka yryd úfoaY.; jQjka 73] ls' ;j;a mqoa.,hka 33] n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;kj, fiajh ,ndf.k we;s w;r 42] la w;rueÈhka yryd th ,ndf.k we;'

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06' ixl%uKslhkaf.a woyia ¥IK wjodkug odhl jk idOlhla jkafka úfoaY /lshdjla fidhd .ekSug leue;a;la olajk ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkaf.a yeisÍuhs' Tjqkaf.a wjodkï oeÍfï p¾hdjg n,mdk fya;= w;r iqÿiq /lshd wjia:d fkdue;s ùu fya;=fjka fm<Uùu wd¾Ól wjYH;dj iy iemj;a Ôú;hla fidhd hdu" kej; meñKs ixl%uKslhka ,ndwe;s wd¾Ól wNsjDoaêh" wjodkï iy.; wdfhdackhla ;=<ska fyda fydo wkd.; wdodhula ,eîug we;s leue;a;" ksjerÈ f;dr;=re i|yd we;s wvq m%fõYh iy f;dr;=re i|yd wúêu;a uQ,dY% u; mokï ùu jeks lreKq oelaúh yel' fuu ióCIKh u.ska wiu;a jQ ixl%uKslhka 42 fofkl= iïuqL idlÉPdjkag nÿka l< w;r" Tjqkaf.ka 13 fofkl= ldka;djka o"s 29 fofkl= mqreIhka o úh'

Tjqkaf.ka

nyq;rh wvqu ;rñka 05 jk fY%aKsh olajd fyda wOHdmkhla ,nd we;' Tjqka w;=ßka ldka;djka 07 fofkl= iy msßñka 12 fofkl= 6 - 10 fY%aKsh olajd wOHdmkh ,nd we;' ldka;djkag jvd jeä m%udKhla msßñ Wiia fm< úNd.hg fmkS isg we;s w;r ldka;djka mß.Kl Ndú;h iy ueyqï f.;=ï j,g muKla yelshdjla oelajQ w;r mqreIhka Bg jvd mq¿,a mrdihl yelshdjka iys; úh' flfia fj;;a Tjqka w;=ßka fofofkl= lsisÿ yelshdjla fkdue;s whúh' fndfyda m%;spdrolajkakka iïuqL idlÉPdj mj;ajk ld,h jk úg mqyqKq wúêu;a wxYhkays fiajlhka f,i fiajfhys fhdojd ;snqks' fl;rï yelshdjka ;snqko ldka;djka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka úfoaYhkays we;s .Dyfiajh jk w;r msßñ úfoaY.; jkafka lïlrejka msrisÿlrkakka iy fydag,a iydhl f,ih' fm!oa.,sl fya;= u; ixl%uKh i|yd oerE W;aidyhka jHj¾: jQ m%;spdrolajkakka .Kk 04 la jQ w;r fi!LH fya;=ka ksid ;j;a fofofkl= o f;dard .ekSfï úNd.h ksid ;j;a wfhl= o yefrkakg wfkl=;a iefjdu wmfhdackhkag iy /jàï j,g uqyqK § we;' wiu;a jQ ixl%uK isoaëka 11 lg ksfhdað; wdh;k j.lsjhq;= w;r 15 lg w;r ueÈhka o" 14 lg {d;Skao j.lsjhq;= fõ' jxpksl ls%hdjka 14 la y÷kd .;a w;r bka ;=klg ksfhdað; wdh;k j.lsjhq;= w;r" 06 i|yd w;rueÈhka o 05 i|yd {d;Skao j.lsjhq;= fõ' fndfyda isoaëka j,§ ksfhdað; wdh;k iy w;rueÈhka Y%ñlhkaf.a uqo,a jxpd lrkq ,nk w;r úfgl th re' 400"000 muK olajd jeä w.hla .kq we;' ms<s;=re iemhQjka 04 fofkl= w;rux fldg we;s w;r 03 fofkl= miqj yrjd tjk ,§' ;jo fjk;a rglg hejQ wfhl= ;u úhoñka kej; ;u rgg meñK we;'

fuu

m%;spdrolajkakka ish¿ fokdgu hï ;rul wOHdmkhla ,nd we;s w;r nyq;rh /lshdjl kshq;=j isg we;s kuqÿ" /lshdjla fidhd .ekSu i|yd w;rueÈhka yg

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ie,lsh hq;= uqo,a m%udKhla f.ùfï§ Tjqka úiska Wlyd.;a Ôjk l=i,;d (Life Skills) tu w;rueÈhka ms<sn| msßlaid ne,Sug fhdojd ke;' m%;spdrolajkakka 06 fofkl= ixl%ukh lsÍu i|yd jQ m<uq W;aidyh wid¾:l jqjo fojk W;aidyhla o ord we;' fï w;=ßka 03 fofkl= ueo fmrÈ. msysá tlu rgg hEug fojrla W;aidy lr we;s w;r fofofkl= tlu l,dmfha fjk;a rgj,g hEug W;aidy ord ;sfí' tla mqoa.,hl= yer wfkl=;a wh m<uq W;aidyfha§ fuka tlu w;rueÈhd yryd tu /lshdju fidhd .ekSug W;aidy ord we;' fuu m%;spdrolajkakkayg fojkjrg o msgrg hEug fkdyelsùu fya;=j jkafka m,uq W;aidyfha§ fya;=jQ ldrKhu fõ' Y%ñlhka 04 fofkl= ixl%uKh ùu i|yd fkdlvjd W;aidy l<o wiu;a jQ m<uq W;aidyfha§ we;sjQ .eg¿ u.yerùug lsisjla fkdlrhs' tla wfhl= ffjoH mÍCIKh wjia:d foflys§u wiu;a jQ w;r ;j;a wfhl= Tyqf.a ñ;=rl= u; fojk jrg o úYajdih ;eîh'

;=kajkqjg mjqf,a úfrdaO;djhka ksid

wjia:d foflysu wiu;a ùug fya;=jQ w;r i;rjkqj brdlhg hdug bv fkdfok nj oksñka iy tys hEu b;d ÿIalr nj mjioa§ Tjqka fojk W;aidyhla i|yd kej; uqo,a f.jk ,§' ixl%uKh ùu i|yd kej; kej;;a W;aidy lsÍug fya;=jk Yla;su;a lreKla jkafka m<uq W;aidyfha§ orkakg jQ úhoï Wmhd .ekSug we;s wdYdjhs' ;j;a lreKla kï brdlh iy ihsm%ih jeks rgj, isák Y%ñlhka ,nk ixixokd;aulj wdl¾YKSh jegqma iy tjeks fohlg ;j;a jrla W;aidy lsÍu jákafkah hk úYajdihhs' fudjqka ish¿ fokdgu we;súh yels wjodkug jvd wkd.; wdodhï iy m%;s,dN iïnkaOfhka ;sfnkd leue;a; m%uqL úh' tu ksid flfia fyda ixl%uKh ùu Tjqkaf.a wNs,dYh ù ;sfí'

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07' ks.uk iy ks¾foaY oYl 03 lg muK by; isg uyd mßudK Y%u ixl%uK wdrïN jQ w;r fuh ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka iy rch hk fomd¾Yjhgu jdisodhl jk m%dfhda.sl ls%hdud¾. .ekSu fya;=fldg f.k kj kS;s meKúks' fuu kS;s n,d;aul lsßu i|yd YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh o msysgqùh' 2009 jif¾ cd;sl lïlre ixl%uKsl m%;sm;a;sh iy mk;g f.fkk ,o ixfYdaOk kej; kej;;a ;yjqre lrkafka iqrCIs; ixl%uKhla iy;sl lsÍu i|yd jk rcfha lemùuhs' miq.sh jir lsysmh mqrdjg YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úiska Y%u ixl%uKh i`oyd ld¾hh mámdàka ukdj ixúOdkh lsÍu iy Y%ñlhkaf.a whs;Ska iy Y%u ixl%uKh ms<sn| cd;Hka;r m%{ma;Ska ys i|yka m%ñ;Ska wdrlaId lsÍug wjYH ie,iqï ilia lsÍu isÿlrhs' flfiafj;;a Y%u ixl%uKh ;=<ska ,nk m%;s,dN laIh ùu fkdlvjd isÿjkafka kS;súfrdaë ls%hdud¾.hka iy iodpdrd;aul fkdjk fj<| mßphka ksidh' ióCIKhg ,lajQ m%;spdrolajkakka w;r n|jd .ekSfï ls%hdoduh ;=< ¥IKhka we; hk u;h by,skau mj;S' nyq;rhla úYajdi lf,a fuu l%uh ;=< fndfyda wmfhdackhka we;s njhs' hï oekqïj;a ;SrKhla .ekSug wjYHh f;dr;=re fkdue;s w;r /lshd wfmalaIs;hkaf.a wjfndaOh by< uÜgul fkdmj;S' ;jo n|jd .kakkaf.a iqÿiqlï mÍCIdj fndfyda úg ¥Iudk f;dr;=re u; isÿfõ' ¥IK wjodku ixl%uK ls%hdj,sh ;=< olakg we;s w;r th rfÜ ish¿ wdh;kj, tkï foaYmd,ksl" wd¾Ól" mßmd,kuh fyda iudchSh wdh;kj, olakg we;s ¥IKhka ms<sn| ms<sônqjls' fuu wOHhkh flakaø.; jkafka ¥IK wjodkï .ek jqjo tu.ska Y%u ixl%uKfha lsisÿ Okd;aul m%;sM,hla ke;s nj fyda rch u.ska f.k we;s ls%hdud¾. ksYaM, nj fyda is;sh hq;= fkdfõ'

fujeks yeisrùfï ls%hdud¾.hka fkd;sfnkakg

ks;súfrdaê l%shdjka iy ¥IK wjodkï ñg jvd jHdma;jkq we;' fuu wOHhkh mokï jkafka rg;=< uqøs; m%ldYk úu¾YK" isoaê wOHhkhka iy wNsjDoaêodhlhkaf.a iïuqL idlÉPd we;=,;a ksheÈ mÍCIdjka u;h' th fmkajd fok mßÈ n|jd .ekSfï ls%hdoduhg iïnkaO ish¿ md¾Yj fuu fCIa;%fha ¥IKhkag iïnkaO úh yel'

tkï rdcHh ksfhdað; wdh;k" n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k

Tjqkaf.a w;rueÈhka" wfkl=;a mqoa.,hka" {d;Ska" ,shdmÈxÑ fkdjQ ksfhdað; wdh;k" fkdfhl=;a rcfha wud;HdxYj, iy fomd¾;fïka;=j, isák ks,Odßka fukau ;ksju fyda tlg tlaj lghq;= lrk mqoa.,hkao fõ'

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YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh u.ska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk meñKs,s iïnkaO o;a; fmkajdfok mßÈ iQrdlEug jvd;au ,lajkafka ÿmam;alñka ñ§ug;a" Tjqkaf.a wd¾Ól iy iudc uÜgu ÈhqKqlr .ekSug;a hk lreKq i|yd ixl%uKh jk fkdmqyqKq .Dy fiajlhka jk w;r" Tjqka ish¿ fokdu ldka;djka fõ' fujeks ldKav j,g wh;a ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka ueo fmrÈ. rgj, talrdYs ù isák w;r Tjqkayg wdrCIdj i,ik lïlre kS;s tu rgj, fkdue;'

tu rgj, n|jd .ekSfï l¾udka;h rch úiska

md,kh fkdlsÍu hk lreKq u; Tjqkaj lrorhg m;aùfï wjodku iS>%fhka by, hhs' wvq wdodhï iys; Y%S ,dxlslhka fndfyda fofkl=g msgrg /lshd wjia:d imhd ÿka iuyr ksfhdað; wdh;k jD;a;Sh uÜgñka lghq;= fldg we;s kuqÿ ióCIKfhka fidhd oek.;a mßÈ wfkla wh kS;sh ms<smÈñka lghq;= lr ke;' weia;fïka;= l< wdldrhg 70] lg wdikak n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k wdrïN fldg we;af;a msgrg f.dia meñKs Y%ñlhka iy w;rueÈhka u.ska jk w;r Tjqka tjeks n|jd .ekSï j, kshq;= ùu iïnkaO uQ,sl wjYH;d imqrd ke;' tys m%;sM,hla f,i Tjqyq jD;a;Sh uÜgñka lghq;= fldg ke;' ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkayg ¥IK wjOdku jeä lsÍug fya;=jk úIudpdr iuyrla kï ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhkaf.ka .dia;= whlsÍu yd iïnkaO ffk;sl wjYH;djhka iy ld¾hh mámdàka W,a,x>kh lsÍu iy fkdi,ld yeÍu" wi;Hh /lshd wekjqï" iïuqL mÍCIK rys;j n|jd .ekSu" /lshd ;;ajhka yd jegqma iïnkaO f;dr;=re ,nd fkd§u iy úfoaY ksfhdað; m%OdkSka iu. ryfia iïnkaO ùu iy .súiqï wdfoaYkhhs' wfkl=;a kS;s úfrdaê ls%hdldrlï kï l+G f,i ilia l, ,sms f,aLk Ndú;h iy ;ykï lrk ,o rgj,g heùu i|yd n|jd .ekSuhs' n|jd .ekSfï§ we;sjk fndfyda úIudpdr isÿjkafka n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;kj,g Y%ñlhka imhd fok w;rueohka w;sks' Tjqkayg lsisÿ ks, ms<s.ekSula fkdue;s jqjo Tjqka n|jd .ekSfï ls%hdodufha b;d jeo.;a fldgila njg m;aù we;' n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k úiska Tjqkaj kS;Hdkql+, n|jd .ekSï j,g fhdod.kS" kuq;a Tjqka úiska lrkq ,nk ls%hd i|yd j.lshkq fkd,efí' tkï /lshd wfmalaIs;hkayg jxpd lsÍu jeks wjia:d oelaúh yel' iuyrla n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k w;rueohka iu. fydr ryfia iïnkaO ù kS;s úfrdaê n|jd .ekSï j, fh§ isà' n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh b;d jeo.;a N+ñldjla rÕ olajhs' kuq;a Tjqkaf.a idudðlhka úiska fh§ isák úIudpdr iy jxpdldÍ ls%hd j,ska fmkS hkafka Tjqkag iodpdrd;aulj iy jD;a;Shuh ksmqK;ajhlska lghq;= lsÍug fkdyels ù

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we;s njhs' wNHka;r u;fNao" l<ukdldß;ajfhys we;s wvq j.lSïiy.;Ndjh iy YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh ;=< we;s mSvkh jeks lreKq ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka u; iudkd;aul n,mEula we;slrk w;r th hym;a bÈß .uk lrd n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh j<lajd we;' ixl%uK ls%hdj,sh ;=< jeä wjOdkula fhduq fldg we;af;a n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;kj,g jk kuqÿ wúêu;a cd, Ndú;d lr we;s Y%ñlhka o uq¿ukskau wjodkï rys; ;;a;ajhl miq fkdfõ' jd¾;djk wdldrhg fndfyda ñ;%hka iy kHIaÀl mjqf,ka msg; idudðlhka úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk n|jd .ekSfï jHdmdrhka YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys mrdifhka msg;g jefgk w;r Tjqka fkdfhl=;a jxpdldÍ ls%hdjkays fh§ isà' Tjqka yryd ixl%uKh lrk ,o Y%ñlhka w;sf¾l uqo,a f.jd we;s w;r" fkdmj;sk /lshd i|yd uqo,a f.ùï ksid /jàug ,laùu" /lshd fkdue;sj w;rux ùu iy ;ykï lrk ,o rg j,g m%jdykh lsÍu jeks oE isÿfõ' jd¾;djk wdldrhg fujeks jHdmdr úYd, m%udKhla tkï n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k j,ska wvlg;a jvd jeä m%udKhla kS;s úfrdaê f,i ls%hd;aul fõ' ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka ¥IK wjodkïj,g ksrdjrKh ùug fya;=jkafka wjYH;djh iy iuyr úg úfoaY /lshdjla fidhd .ekSfuka uqo,a bmehSfï we;s wdYdj u; Tjqka úiska orkq ,nk wjodkï iy.; yeisÍï iajNdjhhs' /lshd wfmalaIs;hka wjodkï oeÍug leue;a;la olajk w;r" tlu n|jd .kakka fhdod .ksñka Tjqka úiska b,a,d isákq ,nk uqo,a f.jd oukq ,nkafka wkd.; bmehSu u.ska Tjqkaf.a wdfhdack Wmhd.; yelsh hk úYajdih ksidh' n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh jd¾;d lrkafka ish¿ wjYH;d iïmQ¾K l< ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka úYd, m%udKhla ixl%uKh fkdlsÍug ;SrKh lsÍu fya;=fjka ksfhdað; wdh;khg yd ydïmq;=kag ie<lsh hq;= uQ,Huh mdvqjla isÿjk njhs' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úIudpdr ke;slsÍu i|yd ls%hdud¾. f.k we;s kuq;a ls%hd;aul lsÍfï ÿ¾j,;d" mßmd,kuh ls%hdj,§ we;s wvq mdroDYHNdj iy foaYmd,k w;fmùu jeks fya;= ksid f.k we;s Okd;aul mshjr j, w.h ySkù hk w;r úkS; iy idOdrK n|jd .ekSfï ls%hdoduhla iy;sl lsÍu iïnkaOfhka úYd, n,mEula we;s lrhs'

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ks¾foaY fuys§ wm úiska rchg $ YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYhg n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;kj,g iy ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka yg úIudpdr iy ¥IKh je<elaùu i|yd fï jkúg;a ls%hdjg kxjd we;s ls%hdoduhka n,d;aul lsÍu u.ska fuu jeo.;a wxYh ;jÿrg;a Yla;su;a lrkafka flfiao hkak ms<sn|j ks¾foaY ,nd fohs' b;d jeo.;a mshjrla jkafka cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Ska u; mokïj n|jd .ekSfï m%;sm;a;sh ks¾jpkh lsÍu iy cd;sl Y%u ixl%uK m%;sm;a;sh ls%hd;aul lrùuh' rchg $ YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYhg lrk ,o ks¾foaY kS;sh ls%hd;aul lrùu ( kS;sh ;j;a ld¾hCIu f,i ls%hd;aul l< hq;= w;r mkf;a ixfYdaOkfhys kshu fldg we;s kS;s úfrdaë n|jd .ekSu idmrdë jxpdj" uq,dlsÍu" w,a,i iy ¥IKh jeks jroj,g jerÈlre jk whg tfrysj nrm;, ovqjï ,ndÈh hq;= fõ' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh ( YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys wOHCI uKav,h ;=< n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k j, ksfhdackh yd iïnkaO mkf;a úêúOdk m%;sixfYdaOkh lsÍug rch mshjr .; hq;=h' mj;sk mriamr;d fy<sorõ lsÍfï ls%hdud¾. .; hq;= w;r hï wOHCIljrhl= ksfhdackh lrkq ,nk ksfhdað; wdh;khlg n,mdk hï ;SrKhla .ekSfï§ Tyq thg iyNd.s fkdùu iy;sl l< hq;= fõ' l=i,;djh u; m;aùï ,nd§u ( ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka isák rgj, we;s ;dkdm;s ld¾hd, i|yd iqNidOk ks,Odßka m;alsÍu wkqu; f;dard .ekSfï l%ufõohla u; isÿúh hq;=h' fuu ks,Odßka f;dard .ekSfuka miqj hï ksYaÑ; ld,hla i|yd YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys fiajh l< hq;= w;r tu.ska Tjqka ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhska uqyqKfokq ,nk .eg¿ ms<sn|j Tjqkaf.a m;aùï Ndr .ekSug m%:uj fydo wjfndaOhla ,nkq we;' f;dr;=re i|yd m%fõYh ( ixl%uKsl ls%hdoduh yiqrejkakd f,i ;u ish¿ ld¾hhka j,§ úksúoNdjhlska hq;=j YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh lghq;= l< hq;= w;r ixl%uKh yd iïnkaO ls%hdoduhka meyeÈ,s f,i ú.%y l< hq;= fõ' ixl%ukslhkag Wmßu wjfndaOh we;s lsÍu i|yd idïm%odhsl l%ufõohka fukau f;dr;=re ;dCIKh hk fowxYhu fhdod.; hq;= w;r th ¥IKh iy iQrdlEu je<elaùfï uQ,sl wx.hhs'

jd¾Isl jd¾;dj iy

wka;¾cd, fjí wvúh ;=< wmf,aLk.; fldg we;s foaYSh iy úfoaYSh ksfhdað; -73-

wdh;k iy fiajd fhdaclhskaf.a kï we;=,;a l< hq;=h' udOH u.ska tjeks f;dr;=re l,ska l,g uyck;djg ,ndÈh hq;=fõ' jd¾Isl jd¾;dj ;=< fuu wxYh uqyqKmdk .eg¿ iy wNsfhda. úu¾Ykhg ,lafldg tu ;;a;ajh u.yrjd .ekSug f.k we;s ls%hdud¾. meyeos,s l< hq;= fõ' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYfhys úfYaI ikaksfõok ud¾. iy iudc iqNidOk jevigyka yryd f;dr;=re .,dhEug ie,eiaúh hq;= w;r —n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k ,ehsia;=j— jeks uQ,sl f;dr;=re .%du ks,Odßkaf.a fyda Èia;s%la f,alïf.a ld¾hd, j, m%o¾Ykh lsÍu l< hq;= fõ' f;dr;=re jHdma; lsÍu i|yd fi!LHh wud;HdxYh yryd tys mjq,a fi!LHh ks,Odßkaf.a cd,h fhdod.; yels w;r YS% ,xldfõ úÿ,s ixfoaY kshduk fldñiu yd iïnkaO ù flá mKsjqv fiajhla o ls%hd;aul l< yelsh' lïlre mßphka" ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka n|jd .ekSu" tf;r rgj, mj;sk lïlre kS;s iy ms<shï fiùfï hdka;%Khka jeks lreKq ms<sn| wOHhkh l< hq;= jk w;r tu f;dr;=re ks,Odßka w;r iy wfkl=;a wNsjDoaêodhlhka w;r jHdma; l< hq;= fõ' n,m;%,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;k yeisrùu ( n|jd .ekSfï ksfhdað; wdh;k i|yd n,m;% ,nd§fï l%ufõoh ;j;a oeä l< hq;=h' fndfyda ksfhdað; wdh;k olakg we;s ksid n,m;% ,nd§fï§ ;j;a wu;r Wmpdrhka u; mokïj th l< hq;=h'

tys§ m%;HCI l<ukdlrk yelshdjka" kj Y%ñlhka

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk rgj,a fidhd .ekSfï yelshdj fyda jeä jeäfhka mqyqKq ixl%uksl Y%ñlhka heùug yelsùu jeks oE i,ld ne,sh hq;=h' mkf;a 27 ^wd& j.ka;sfha olajd we;s —fyd| lS¾;s kduhla iys; mqoa.,hl=˜ hk moh ;j;a úia;r l< hq;= fõ' w;rueÈhka yeisrùfï rduqj ;=<g /f.k wd hq;= w;r Tjqkag n,m;% ,nd§fï l%uhla ie,iqï l< hq;=h' w;rueÈhkaf.a iy ;e/õlrejkaf.a ls%hdj,g /lshd ksfhdað; wdh;k j.lsjhq;= fõ'

n,m;% w¨;alsÍu ksfhdað; wdh;kfha ls%hdldß;ajh u;

mokï úh hq;=h' tkï Tjqka úiska n|jd .kq ,nk m%udKh u; muKla fkdj Tjqka úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk iodpdrd;aul m%ñ;Ska u;o th mokï úh hq;=h' ls%hdldß;ajh uekSfï Wmudkhka ffk;sl wjYH;djhka u; iy iodpdrd;aul m%ñ;Ska u; j¾Okh l< hq;= fõ' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYhg ú.Kkh lrk ,o .sKqï úia;r ,nd§u wksjd¾h l< hq;= w;r wfkajdisl úfoaY uqo,a .sKqula weröu o w;HdjYHj l< h;= fõ' WmfoaYk$iïnkaëlrKh ( n,m;%,dNS úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh iy YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh w;r wLKav WmfoaYkd;aul ls%hdoduhla wdrïN l< hq;= w;r tu.ska ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka wdrlaId lr .ekSfï fmdÿ b,lalh imqrd .ekSu i|yd wdh;k folu ls%hdlrùu iy;sl l< hq;= fõ' rch úiska l,dmfha wfkl=;a Y%u wmkhkh -74-

lrkq ,nk rgj,a iu. iduqyslj lghq;= lsÍfï l%u fidhd ne,sh hq;= w;r tu.ska Y%u wdkhkh lrkq ,nk rgj, isák n|jd.kakka yg oeä fr.=,dis mekùu i|yd ls%hdl< yel' YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh fi!LHh wud;HdxYh iu. iïnkaO ù ixl%uKsl Y%ñlhka úiska isÿl< hq;= ffjoH mÍCIK fm!oa.,sl ffjoH wdh;k mkf;a m%;smdok m%ldrj isÿjkafka o hkak iy;sl lr.; hq;=h' wjYH flfrk iodpdrd;aul m%ñ;Ska mj;ajdf.k hkafka o hkak iy;sl lr .ekSu i|yd ffjoH uOHia:dk mÍCId l< hq;= nj .,a*a rgj, ixúOdkh ;SrKh lf<ah' meñKs,s hdka;%Kh ixl%uKh lrkq ,nk Y%ñlhka ixLHdj tu Y%ñlhkaf.a we;s jeo.;alu iy Tjqka uqyqK fok wjodku ie<ls,a,g f.k rch úiska Tïnqâiaukajrfhl= m;al< hq;=h' ish¿ meñKs,s úúOdldrfha .eg¿ fmkajdÈh yels wdldrhg iy jvd;a jeä ydkshla we;slr we;af;a l=uk n|jd .ekSï uQ,dY%hka oehs fmkajd Èh yels wdldrhg j¾.SlrKh l< hq;=h' n,m;a,dNS ksfhdað; wdh;khka i|yd flfrk ks¾foaY l<ukdlrKh ksfhdað; wdh;kfha l<ukdlre wju wOHdmk iqÿiqlï iïmQ¾K lr ;sìh hq;= w;r Tyqg jHdmdrh mj;ajdf.k hdfï w;aoelSï ;sìh hq;=h' kj ksfhdað; wdh;k i|yd n,m;a ,nd .ekSug wfmaCId lrk mqoa.,hkag mß.Kl yelshdj wjYH;djhla l< hq;= w;r mj;sk wdh;khkaf.a fiajh lrkakkag o mß.Kl yelshdj wksjd¾h l< hq;=h' uQ,H j.lsjhq;= Ndjh n,m;a,;a ksfhdað; wdh;k iSudiys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ï jYfhka ,shdmÈxÑ úh hq;= w;r" foaYSh wdodhï fomd¾;fïka;=j iy wod, m<d;a iNdj jeks wfkl=;a rcfha wdh;khkays ,shdmÈxÑ úh hq;=h' iodpdrd;aul m%ñ;Skag jeo.;alula ,nd§u n,m;a,;a úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh Tjqkaf.a wdpdr O¾u ix.%yh m%j¾Okh i|yd iy Bg wkq.; ùu i|yd jvd;a lemúh hq;=h' ixl%uKsl fiajlhka i|yd ks¾foaY ixl%uKsl fiajlhka f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug n,j;a Wkkaÿfjka lghq;= l< hq;= w;r j.lsjhq;=Ndjh o jeo.;ah' Tjqka úiska oeßh hq;= úhoï iïnkaOfhka Tjqka ksis ie<ls,af,ka lghq;= l< hq;= w;r" iQrdlEï iy wmfhdackhka fkdmudj jd¾;d l< hq;=h' -75-

References ALFEA http://www.alfea.org/find_an_agent.php Accessed on January 21,

2009

Argent, Kshanika (2007). FEB to deal directly with maids going for foreign employment. Morning Leader, August 1, Vol. No. 3 http://www.themorningleader.lk/20070801/news.html Arshad, Arlina (2007). Some Sri Lankan maids here are untrained and illegal. Straits Times of Singapore April 17 http://www.maidcity.com/forumnew/forum_posts.asp?TID=88 Attiya, Hamid S. (1990). The sponsorship system and infringement of the rights of foreign workers in the Gulf countries. http://www.springerlink.com/content/v680672j05255875/fulltext.pdf?page=1 Baharain Centre for Human Rights (2009). The free movement of foreign workers: a positive step towards abolishing the sponsorship system http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/2880 Berenger, Leon and Kirinde, Chandani (2008). Job racketeers make a kill on no-go ban to Iraq. Sunday Times October 19 http://www.sundaytimes.lk/081019/News/sundaytimesnews_16.html ColomboPage News Desk (2008). Illegal foreign employment agencies rise in Sri Lanka. December 21. http://www.colombopage.com/archive_08/December2175529RA.html Daily Mirror (2008). Lankan mission cracks whip on agents, sponsors after maid assault http://www.dailymirror.lk/DM_BLOG/Sections/frmNewsDetailView.aspx?ARTID=27213 Daily Mirror (2009a). National centre for migration statistics opens in Sri Lanka. February 6, Financial Times, p. 6 Daily Mirror (2009b). Trade union agreements for the protection of migrant workers’ rights signed. 11th May, Financial Times, p.2 Daily Mirror (2009c). Historic moments for housemaids. April 27, Financial Times, p. 2 Daily Mirror (2009d). Employment agencies pocketing money: Ambassador. January, 1. p. 4. Daily Mirror (2009e). Another ‘Sakvithi’ missing. March 23, www.dailymirror.lk. Daily News (2008a). Higher pay for Lankan maids from today. January 1, p.1, 13 Daily News (2008b). Licensed job agent netted for sending teenagers abroad. October 15, p. 3. Daily News (2008c). SLBFE emblem used to dupe job seekers. December 8, p. 1, 13 de Silva, Jayantha ( 2009). FEB worker arrested for bribery. The Island, March 14, p. 3 -76-

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ILO (1997). Private Employment Agencies Convention 1997 http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgilex/convde.pl?C181 ILO (2006). ILO Multilateral Framework on Labour Migration. Non-binding principles and guidelines for a rights-based approach to labour migration. Geneva. ILO (n.d.). Guide. Preventing Discrimination, Exploitation and Abuse of Women Migrant Workers. An Information Booklet 3. Recruitment and the Journey for Employment Abroad. Geneva: ILO. Island, The (2008). SLBFE recalls 200 workers from Kuwait. December 26, p.2 Jayamanne, Dilanthi (2008). Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t trust foreign education, job ads-SLBFE The Island October 30 http://www.island.lk/2008/10/30/news9.html Accessed on 31st March 2009 Jayasinghe, Bimal Shyaman (2009). A racket to send (workers) to Europe using forged documents: a businessman in Borella and two others taken into custody. Lankadeepa June 17, p. 11 Jayatilaka, Ruwan and Jayawardhana, Tilani (2009). International migration outlook Sri Lanka. Colombo: Institute of Policy Studies. Kannangara, Ananda (2008). SLBFE ready to accept complaints from Kuwaiti returnees. Sunday Observer October 19, p.5. Karunairajan, Victor (2007). How could Rizana Naffeek be guilty? Lanka e-news. http://www.lankaenews.com/English/news.php?id=4464 Accessed December 3 2009 Karunaratne, Madara (2009). A new identity card for those going for overseas employment. Lakbima July, 31, p. 3 Lankadeepa (2008). Sending underaged children through falsification of documents could lead to a lot of problems. September 4, p.10 Lankadeepa (2009). Hemamala of Kotapolaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s description of the activities of sub agents (when seeking information from a newspaper columnist). June 12, p. 4. Martin, Philip (2008). Labour migration challenges and opportunities for Sri Lanka. Final assessment report. Report prepared as part of the IOM Project, Assessing and Addressing Labour Migration Challenges and Opportunities in Sri Lanka (unpublished). Middle East Online (2009). Official regulations fail to prevent abuse of foreign domestic workers in Syria: Efforts by Syrian government to monitor unscrupulous recruitment agencies not 'very effective'. http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/features/?id=30577 Accessed April 14 2009 Migration News (2008). South Asia A special report Vol. 14 No. 4 October http://migration.ucdavis.edu/mn/more.php?id=3446_0_3_0 -78-

Olwan, Mohamed, Y. (2008). Circular and Permanent Migration: A Jordanian Perspective. Http://cadmus.eui.eu/dspace/bitstream/1814/8387/1/CARIM_AS%26N_2008_34.pdf Parliamentary Centre Canada (2000). Controlling corruption: A parliamentarian’s handbook 2nd edition http://www.parlcent.ca/publications/pdf/corruption.pdf Pathirana, Danushal (2009). 104 million misappropriation from Kuwaiti insurance. Ravaya, 21st June, p. 1, 2. Pinthu, Gayathri Nadeeka (2008). Two under-aged girls who attempted to migrate to the Middle East nabbed. Divaina April 28, p. 3. Recruitment and Employment Confederation, The. REC Code of Professional Practice. http://www.rec.uk.com/uploads/documents/32009-01-RECCoPFINAL.pdf Accessed February 2, 2009 Sallabank, Jessica (2007). With few to advocate on their behalf, international domestic workers turn to the Syrian Government and their embassies to keep employers and recruitment agencies from trampling on their rights. http://syriatoday.com/pkg05/index.php?page=view_article&dir=articles&ex=2&id=589&First=0&Last= 1&CurrentPage=0&src=search&Keywords=Z2hvc3Qgd29ya2Vycw==&lang=1&Category= Samarasinghe, Sarashi (2009). Foreign employment agencies to be streamlined. The Nation, January, 4 http://www.nation.lk/2009/01/04/news3.htm Samath, Faizal (2008a). LABOUR-SRI LANKA: Domestic Workers Promised New Deal in Kuwait. IPS, April 28, http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=42385 Samath, Feizal (2008b). Three decades after migration, ‘housemaids’ still a crisis point Blame game won’t solve problems. Http://sundaytimes.lk/080504/FinancialTimes/ft309.html S L B F E ( 2 0 0 9 ) . R e c r u i t m e n t c o s t s t o b e b o r n e b y t h e s p o n s o r. http://www.slbfe.lk/recruitmentcost.asp (Accessed December 12, 2008). SLBFE (2007). Annual statistical report of foreign employment 2006. Battaramulla. SLBFE (2008). Annual statistical report of foreign employment 2007. Battaramulla. SLBFE (2009). Annual Statistical Report of Foreign Employment 2008. Battaramulla. SLMC (2003). Guidelines on ethical conduct for medical and dental practitioners registered with the Sri Lanka Medical Council. Colombo Somarathne, Rasika (2008a). Bonanza for migrant apparel workers. Daily News July 16, p. 3 Somarathna, Rasika (2008b). Lankan-Manila tie up on migrant labour. Daily News November 10, p.7 -79-

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