මහජන මුදලින් ක‍්‍රියාත්මක ප‍්‍රජා ව්‍යාපෘති අධීක්‍ෂණයට මග පෙන්වීමක් by Transparency International Sri Lanka

uyck uqo,ska l%shd;aul

m%cd jHdmD;s wëCIKhg u`. fmkaùula fiakl m,a,sh.=ref.a Bcom (SP), MA (Econ) Y%S ,xld mßmd,k fiajh

m%ldYkh

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld wkq.%yh

f*ä%la kshqudka moku

uyck uqo,ska l%shd;aul m%cd jHdmD;s wëCIKhg u`. fmkaùula m%:u uqøKh - 2016 m%ldYkh © g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld wxl 5$1" t,snEkala mdr" fld<U 05 ÿrl:k - ^94& 11 4369781 *elaia - ^94& 11 2501707 fjí wvúh - www.tisrilanka.org ISBN: 978-955-1281-75-5 iïmdokh fiakl m,a,sh.=ref.a iïnkaëlrKh kS;s{ c.;a ,shkdrÉÑ" l<ukdlre" zziqieß fijkZZ" g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld wdh;kh ia;=;sh • rxcs;a hdmd" m%dfoaYSh f,alï" ud;r • ´'iS' chkkaok" osia;%sla m<d;a md,k bxcsfkare" ud;r • kS;s{ ;=IdKs lkaos,amdk" iïnkaëldrl"zziqieß fijkZZ" ud;r mß.Kl msgq ieliSu • yß; oykdhl - g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld wdh;kh • fla'fla'î' wl,xl • is;a;s wiañhd uqøKh -

No. 46/9, Ground Floor Marine City Residencies, Station Road, Dehiwala.

fmrjok rch jd¾Islj .%dóh ck;dj fj; fjkalrkq ,nk uqo,a u`.ska ck;djg ienúkau m%fhdackhla jkjdo hkak uek ne,Sfï tla o¾Ylhla jkafka tlS wruqo,a u`.ska isÿlrk boslsÍï kshñ; m%ñ;sfhka hqla;j isÿùuhs' miq.sh jir lsysmhla mqrd .ïudk lrd úuOH.; whjeh fukau úúO jHdmD;s yryd o l=vd mßudK jHdmD;s /ila meñKsho tajd fndfyduhl boslsÍfï m%ñ;sfha .eg¨ mj;sk nj ksrka;rfhkau ck;djf.ka fpdaokd t,a, úh' tfukau boslsÍï fldka;%d;a .súiqï m%cdmdol ixúOdk úiska w;aika l< o" tajd ienúkau isÿlrkq ,enQfha fjk;a fldka;%d;alrejka úisks' fuu isÿùïj, wjidk m%;sM,h jkafka rcfha m%;smdok fjkalsÍïj, Wmßu m%;s,dNh .ug fkd,eîuhs' tneúka .ïudkj,g ,efnk iq`MmßudK jHdmD;Ska wëCIKh ms<sn|j m%cd l%shdldÍka oekqïj;a lsÍfï jevigyka ud,djla zziqieß fijkZZ ud;r ld¾hd,h úiska miq.sh jif¾oS isÿlrk ,oS' tysoS wm uqyqKÿka m%Odk .eg¨jla jQfha ta ms<sn|j ck;dj oekqïj;a lsÍu iòyd ud¾f.damfoaY .%ka:hla fkdue;s ùuhs' fuu .%ka:h iïmdokh iòyd wjYH;djh u;=jQfha tf,isks' ksis mqyqKqjla yd wOHdmkhla ,enQ ;dCIKsl ks,OdÍka úiska isÿl< hq;= ld¾hhla ir, niska ck;djg f;areïlr oSu myiq fkdfõ' kuq;a tu Ndr¥r ld¾hh Ndr.;a fiakl m,a,sh.=ref.a uy;dg wmf.a ia;+;sh ysñfõ' tfiau fuu fmd; Tn w;g m;alsÍu iòyd uQ,H m%;smdok ,ndÿka f*ä%la kshqudka moku (Friedrich Nauman Foundation) tys foaYSh ksfhdacs;jßh jk id.ßld fo,af.dv uy;añh yd jevigyka úOdhl úoHd wfí.=Kj¾Ok uy;dg;a m%Kduh msßkuñ' fuu fmd; lshjd f;areï f.k uyck uqo,ska isÿlrk jHdmD;s wëCIKhg tlajk f,i;a tu`.ska Y%S ,xldj iqms<smkak foaYhla njg m;a lsÍug odhl jk f,i;a wdrdOkd lrñ'

kS;s{ c.;a ,shk wdrÉÑ l,uKdlre - iqieß fijk g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld 2016 wf.daia;= 5

wka;¾.;h 1' m%cd jHdmD;s i|yd fhoúh yels fmdÿ wruqo,a y÷kd .ekSu

2' .%dóh m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s

1'1 úuOH.; wh jeh (Decentralized Budget) 1'2 Wmudk mdol m%odk (Criteria Based Grant) 1'3 m<d;a ksYaÑ; ixj¾Ok m%Odk (Provincial Specific Development Grants) 1'4 úfYaI jHdmD;s wruqo,a 1'5 úfoaY wdOdr wruqo,a 1'6 m<d;a md,k wdh;k i;= wruqo,a

2'1' fmdÿ há;, myiqlï ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s

3' jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul lrk rdcH wdh;k

4' hymd,k ikao¾Nhla ;=< m%cd iyNd.S;ajh

4'1 md,kh (Governance) 4'2 hymd,kh (Good Governance) 4'3 hymd,kfha wxf.damdx. 4'3'1 kS;s Í;s wkq.ukh lrk 4'3'2 úksúo Ndjh 4'3'3 m%;spdÍNdjh 4'3'4 ish¨ u; .re lrk 4'3'5 wmCImd;S yd iefjdu we;=<;a 4'3'6 ld¾hCIu yd iM,odhS 4'3'7 j.ùu 4'3'8 iyNd.S;ajh

5' m%cd iyNd.S;ajh 14 5'1 ndysr md¾Yjhkaf.a md,kh yd m%cdjf.a md,kh 5'1'1 ndysr md¾Yjfha md,kh 5'1'2 m%cdjf.a md,kh 5'2 m%cd iyNd.S;ajfha úúO uÜgï 5'2'1' wl%Sh kdñl iyNd.S;ajh 5'2'2' f;dr;=re iemhSu ;=< iyNd.S;ajh 5'2'3' Wmfoia ,ndoSu ;=< iyNd.S;ajh 5'2'4' øjHuh osß.ekaùu Wfoid iyNd.S;ajh 5'2'5' l%shdldrlï yd ne÷Kq iyNd.S;ajh 5'2'6' wka;¾ l%shdldÍ iyNd.S;ajh 5'2'7' mQ¾K iyNd.S;ajh fyj;a iajhx icSúlrK uÜgu

6' m%cd jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍu

6'1' iDcq Y%u mokñka jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul lsÍu' 6'2' m%iïmdok l%shdj,sh wkq.ukh lr jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍu' 6'3' m%cd mdol ixúOdk i|yd iDcq fldka;%d;a mejÍfï l%uh 6'3'1 2006 rcfha m%iïmdok ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfha 3'9'1 j.ka;sh 6'3'2 m%cd mdol ixúOdk 6'3'3 m%cd jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd m%cd mdol ixúOdk f;dard .ekSfïoS i,ld n,k iqÿiqlï 6'3'4 m%cd mdol ixúOdk i|yd fldka;%d;a msßkeófïoS i,ld n,k lreKq

7' m%cd mdol ixúOdk u`.ska m%cd jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍu

7'1

m%cd jHdmD;s bgqlsÍfïoS wfmaCIs; ;;ajh yd m%dfhda.sl ;;a;ajh w;r mr;rhka we;sjk wjia:d 7'1'1 m%cd jHdmD;s y÷kd.ekSu' 7'1'2 jHdmD;s wkqu; lsÍu 7'1'3 jHdmD;s ie,iqï lsÍu 7'1'4 m%cd jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu' 7'1'5 jHdmD;s i|yd f.ùï lsrSu 7'1'6 miq úmru yd kv;a;=j

8' m%cd jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍfïoS m%cd iyNd.S;ajh id¾:l lr .ekSu i|yd m%cdjf.a wjOdkhg fhduqúh hq;= lreKq

8'1 iQáxf.a kHdh 8'2 m%cd iyNd.S;ajh id¾:l lr .ekSu i|yd m%cdjf.a wjOdkhg fhduqúh hq;= lreKq' 8'3 m%cd iyNd.s;ajfha jeo.;aalu úoaj;a weiska'

9' l=vd mrsudK m%cd jHdmD;sj,g wod< ;dCIKsl m%ñ;s lsysmhla

9'1 fldkal%SÜ i|yd Ndú;d lrk ñY%K wkqmd; 9'2 fldkal%SÜ i|yd Ndú;d jk wuqøjH .ek ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq 9'3 ud¾. fldkal%SÜ lsÍu 9'4 idudkH ud¾.hla fldkal%SÜ lsÍfïoS ie,lsh hq;= lreKq 9'5 fldkal%SÜ idïm,a mÍCId lsÍu 9'6 ud¾. i|yd fldkal%SÜ l=Üá .,a Ndú;d lsÍu (Interlocking Block Paving) 9'7 l=Üá .,a (Interlock) Ndú;d lsÍfïoS ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq' 9'8 bÈlsÍï lghq;=j,§ i,ld ne,sh hq;= lreKq lsysmhla

10' Tnf.a oekqïoSï yd meñKs,s

1' m%cd jHdmD;s i|yd fhoúh yels fmdÿ wruqo,a y÷kd .ekSu Y%S ,xld ck rcfha uqo,a j¾Ih tla tla j¾Ifha ckjdß ui 01 jeksodhska wdrïN ù tu j¾Ifha foieïn¾ ui 31 jeksodhska wjika jkafkah' 1978 Y%S ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjdoS ckrcfha wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 148 jeks j.ka;sh m%ldrj rdcH uQ,H ms<sn| iïmQ¾K md,kh Y%S ,xldfõ md¾,sfïka;=j i;= jkafkah' tfiau wdKAvql%u jHjia:dfõ 149 jeks j.ka;sh wkqj ckrch i;= ish¨ wruqo,a tlaj ztaldnoaO wruqo,Z keu;s wruqo, ks¾udKh jk nj lshfõ' ta wkqj hï uqo,a j¾Ihla i|yd jk wh jeh f,aLkhla md¾,sfïka;=j úiska iïu; lr .ekSfuka rcfha meje;aug wjYH ish¨ wjYH;d uq,Hkh lsÍu isÿ lrhs' rdcH wh jeh lrKh hkq iEu jirlu wksjd¾hfhkau isÿjk idïm%odhsl fukau ixlS¾K l%shdj,shla jk w;r" wod< uqo,a j¾Ifha wh jeh f,aLkfha m%;smdok iSud blaujd uqo,a úhoï lsÍug isÿjk iEu úgu mßmQrl weia;fïka;=jla md¾,sfïka;=fõ iïu; lr .ekSfuka w;sf¾l úhoï i|yd uQ,H iïmdokh lr .ekSug yelshdj ,efí' fufia md¾,sfïka;=fõ iïu; lr.kq ,nk wh jeh f,aLkh u`.ska n,h fok iSudjkag hg;aj taldnoaO wruqof,a fmdÿ wruqo,a úhoï lsÍfï j.lSu uOHu rcfha yd m<d;a iNdfõ wud;HdxY" fomd¾;fïka;= yd jHjia:dms; wdh;kj,g mejf¾' rcfha uqo,a fr.=,dis ix.%yh" m%iïmdok ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh fukau úúO ffk;sl wK mk;a m%{ma;s" .eiÜ ksfõok yd pl%f,aL iSudjkag yd kshuhkag hg;aj tu fmdÿ wruqo,a úhoï lsÍu isÿ l< hq;=h' tjeks úhoï wdh;k ;=< wNHka;r ú.Kkhg o" bka mßndysrj ú.Kldêm;sjrhdf.a ú.Kkhg o hg;ajk w;r wjidk jYfhka iEu wud;HdxYhlu fomd¾;fïka;=jlu fyda jHjia:dms; wdh;khlu m%OdkSka ^m%Odk .Kka oSfï ks,OdÍka& 1

tlS úhoï ms<sn| md¾,sfïka;=jg wjidkd;aulj j.lSug nef|kafkah' tfia jd¾Isl wh jeh u`.ska jevigyka yd jHdmD;s f,i y÷kd.kakd ixj¾Ok fhdackd l%u uQ,Hkh lsÍfï fmdÿ wruqo,a úúO jk w;r tajd w;ßka .%dóh uÜgfï jHdmD;s uQ,Hkh lsÍug uOHu rch yd m<d;a iNdj yd m<d;a md,k wdh;k fmdÿfõ Ndú;d lrk wruqo,a lsysmhla y÷kd.ekSu m%fhdackj;a fõ'

1'1 úuOH.; wh jeh -

Decentralized Budget

.%dóh jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd osia;%sla uÜgñka f;aÍ m;ajk md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjreka yg jd¾Isl wh jeh f,aLkfha fjka lrkq ,nk wruqo,a úuOH.; wruqo,a f,i ieflúka oelaúh yel' fuu wruqo,a fjka l< yels úIh fCIa;% l,ska l,g wjYH fjkialïj,g Ndckh lrk w;r" osia;%sla f,alï ld¾hd, úiska m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd, yryd jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍu isÿ lrkq ,efí' l=vd mßudKfha bos lsÍï" w¨;a jeähdjka" ud¾. ixj¾Ok lghq;=" úúO NdKAv yd WmlrK fnod oSï iy wdodhï W;amdok jHdmD;s i|yd o fhduq lr fuu wruqo,a wod< uqo,a j¾Ifha foieïn¾ 31 oskg fmr úhoï l< hq;= w;r" .ï uÜgfïoS idudkH ck;dj uka;%S m%;smdok f,i fuu wruqo,a y÷kajkq ,efí' j¾;udkfha remsh,a ñ,shk 10 la jk úuOH.; wh jeh wruqo,a uyck Pkaofhka osia;%sla uÜgñka f;aÍ m;ajk md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjrekag ;u ue;sjrK osia;%slalh ;=< úhoï l< yel' cd;sl ,ehsia;=fjka md¾,sfïka;=jg f;aÍ m;ajk uka;%Sjrekag o fuu wruqo,a ysñjk w;r" Tjqkag tu wruqo,a ,xldfõ ´kEu ;ekl y÷kd.;a jHdmD;s i|yd wod< uqo,a j¾Ih ;=< úhoï l< yel'

1'2 Wmudk mdol m%odk -

Criteria Based Grant

m<d;a iNdfõ wud;HdxY yd fomd¾;fïka;= úiska fi!LHh" wOHdmkh" ck.ykh .%dóh há;, myiqlï wdoS úúO fCIa;%j, ks¾Kdhl u; mokïj wod< m<d; ;=< y÷kd.;a m%d.aOk jHdmD;s fyj;a ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍug" Y%S ,xldfõ 2

uqo,a fldñiu úiska m<d;a iNd i|yd fjka lr fokq ,nk fmdÿ wruqo,a úfYAIhls' fuu wruqo,a m<d;a iNd wruqo,a úfYaIhla jk w;r uqo,a fldñifï tl`.;djhlska f;drj wjYH;djh u; wruqo,a fhdojk jHdmD;sh fjkia lsÍfï n,h o m<d;a iNdjg we;'

1'3 m<d;a ksYaÑ; ixj¾Ok m%odk -

Provincial Specific

Development Grants

YS% ,xldfõ uqo,a fldñiu úiska wkqu; lrk ,o m%d.aOk jHdmD;s ^ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s& uQ,Hkh lsÍu i|yd m<d;a iNdj fj; ,ndfok fmdÿ wruqo,a m<d;a ksYaÑ; ixj¾Ok m%odk fõ' fuu wruqo,a m<d;a wud;HdxY yd fomd¾;fïka;=j,g wkqu; jHdmD;sfhka mßndysr fjk;a jHdmD;shlg fhoúh fkdyels w;r tfia lrkafka kï uqo,a fldñifï mQ¾j tl`.;djh ,nd .; hq;=h'

1'4 úfYaI jHdmD;s wruqo,a .%dóh há;, myiqlï" cSjfkdamdh ixj¾Ok lghq;= we;=`M úúO l=vd yd uOH mßudK ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd uOHu rcfha fyda m<d;a iNdfõ wud;HdxY úiska ish jd¾Isl wh jeh f,aLkh u`.ska fjkalr fokq ,nk fmdÿ wruqo,a úfYaI jHdmD;s wruqo,a f,i y÷kd.; yelsfõ' fuu wruqo,a Ndú;d fldg isÿlrk jHdmD;s wod< wud;HdxYfha osia;%sla fyda m<d;a ld¾hd, u`.ska fyda osia;%sla f,alï ld¾hd,h yryd fyda m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd, yryd fyda m<d;a md,k wdh;k yryd fyda l%shd;aul lrkq ,nhs' .u ke.=u" u. ke.=u" osú ke.=u yd osk 100 ixj¾Ok jev igyk wdoS úúO kïj,ska we;eï úfYaI jHdmD;s l%shd;aul jQ w;r" jirla fyda Bg wvq ld,hlg tu jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul úh'

1'5 úfoaY wdOdr wruqo,a we;eï úg úúO úfoaYSh rgj,a yd ixúOdk cd;Hka;r uQ,H wdh;k yd cd;Hka;r rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk úiskao foaYsh .%dóh ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd uOHu rcfha fyda m<d;a 3

iNdfõ rdcH wdh;k yryd wruqo,a iïmdokh lrk wjia:d we;' fuu úfoaY wruqo,a wdmiq fkdf.jk m%odk yeáhg;a flá ld,Sk yd os.= ld,Sk Kh wdOdr yeáhg;a wm rgg ,efnk w;r tu wruqo,a wfmaCIs; jHdmD;s ld, iSudj ;=< y÷kd.;a ksYaÑ; fCIa;%hl ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍug fhdod .efka' cmka wdOdr ^JICA&" íafÜ%,shdkq wdOdr ÂusAid& yd ol=Kq fldßhdkq wdOdr ^KOICA& wdoS wdOdr jevigyka úfoaY rgj,ska ,ndfok wdOdrj,g ksoiqka jk w;r hqfrdamSh ix.uh Êuropean Union& yd tlai;a cd;skaf.a ixj¾Ok wdOdr jevigyk ÛNDP& jeks cd;Hka;r ixúOdkj,ska o wm rgg ixj¾Ok wdOdr ,nd fokq ,nhs' tfiau f,dal nexl=j ^World Bank&" cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, ÎMF&" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ÂDB&" jeks cd;Hka;r uQ,H wdh;k o" Transparency International Sri Lanka yd fiaõ o Ñ,aârka ^Save the Children& jeks wka;¾cd;sl rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk úiska o wm rgg úfoaY wruqo,a fyda ixj¾Ok wdOdr imhkq ,nhs'

1'6 m<d;a md,k wdh;k i;= wruqo,a m%dfoaYSh iNd" k.r iNd yd uyd k.r iNd hk wdh;k j¾. 03 ka ieÿï,;a wdh;k moaO;sh m<d;a md,k wdh;k f,i ye|skafõ' uyck ksfhdacs;hkaf.ka yd ks,OdÍkaf.ka ieÿï ,;a fuu wdh;k wdKavqlrKfha b;du l=vd yd jvd;a ck;djg ióm wdh;k iuQyhls' fuu m<d;a md,k wdh;k i;= iqúfYaIS Ndjh jkafka md¾,sfïka;=j úiska iïu; lr n,h oS we;s iSudjkag hg;aj ;u m<d;a md,k wdh;k n, m%foaYfha cSj;ajk ck;djf.ka yd jHdmdr wdh;kj,ska nÿ mekùug yd nÿ tla /ia lsÍug we;s yelshdjhs' jßmkï nÿ" jHdmdr nÿ" l¾udka; nÿ" úfkdao nÿ" bvï úlsKSfï nÿ yd uqoaor .dia;=" fj<| n,m;% .dia;= wdoS úúO nÿ yd .dia;= o" ;u wdh;kh imhk" l%Svdx.k yd WoHdk" iqidk N+ñ" u< yd li, neyer lsÍu wdoS úúO fiajd iemhSu ;=<ska ,nk fiajd .dia;= o f,i ,efnk wdodhï tlaj ielfik wruqo,a m<d;a md,k wdh;kfha wruqo,a f,i y÷kd.efka' wod< 4

m<d;a md,k wdh;k úiska uqo,a j¾Ihla i|yd ilia lr iïu; lr .kakd whjeh f,aLkhla yryd fuu wruqo,a mqkrdj¾;k úhoï yd m%d.aOk úhoï f,i ;u n, m%foaYfha ck;djf.a iqn isoaêh i|yd jeh lrkq ,nhs' m<d;a md,k wdh;k i;= wruqo,aj,ska isÿlrkq ,nk úúO ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s rdYshls' ud¾. ixj¾Okh yd kv;a;=j" c, niakd ldKq yd we, ud¾. ixj¾Okh yd kv;a;=j" ùos myka iú lsÍu" WoHdk yd l%Svd msá we;s lsÍu yd ixj¾Okh lr mj;ajdf.k hdu" k.r w,xlrKh i|yd úúO ks¾udKhka bos lsÍu yd mj;ajdf.k hdu" fmdÿ fiajd iemhSug wjYH foam," jdyk yd WmlrK ñ,oS .ekSu yd kv;a;=j" m%cd fiajd i|yd yd mßmd,kh i|yd wjYH f.dvke.s,s boslsÍu yd kv;a;=j" iqidk N+ñ yd wdodykd.dr ilia lsÍu yd kv;a;=j bka iuyrls'

idrxYh foaYSh fyda úfoaYSh by; l=uk uQ,dY%hlska ,enqK o ixj¾Ok wdOdr f,i ,efnk wruqo,a kdia;sh yd ¥IKfhka f;drjQ ksis l<ukdlrKhlska hq;=j wod< ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s Wmßu ld¾hCIu;djfhka iïmQ¾K lsÍug fhoúh hq;= nj wm úYajdi l< o" th tfiau isÿ fkdjk nj m%dfhda.sl i;Hhls'

2' .%dóh m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s by; mßÉfPaofha úia;r l< mßos foaYSh fyda úfoaYsh wruqo,a Ndú;d lr wm rfÜ m%dfoaYSh uÜgfï .%dóh há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh lsÍu" cSjfkdamdh ixj¾Okh lsÍu fyda fjk;a fmdÿ wjYH;d bgqlsÍu fjkqfjka l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk fláld,Sk iq`M yd l=vd mßudK ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s wm fuysoS m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s f,i ir,j y÷kd .efka' miq.sh oYl lsysmhl w;aoelSï wkqj ,xldfõ .%dóh ixj¾Okh Wfoid l%shd;aul l< m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s my; oelafjk mßos úIh fCIa;% rdYshl me;sr isà' 2'1' úúO fCIa;%j, fmdÿ há;, myiqlï ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s • l=vd md,ï" fndalal=" me;s neñ yd me;s ldKq boslsÍu • ud¾. fldkal%SÜ .,a we;sÍu" fldkal%SÜ lsÍu" ;dr oeóu" fndr¿ yd mia oeóu • fmdÿ mdkSh c, iïmdokh • fmdÿ <sx$fmdÿ kdk ia:dk boslsÍu • fmdÿ ikSmdrCIl myiqlï we;s lsÍu • l%Svd msá" <ud WoHdk ieliSu • m%cd Yd,d iy ixialD;sl uOHia:dk boslsÍu • fmr mdi,a ixj¾Okh • .%dóh mdie,aj, ikSmdrCIl myiqlï we;s lsÍu • .%dóh úÿ,sh os.= lsÍï • i;s fmd< ixj¾Okh lsÍï • oyï mdi,a fmdÿ myiqlï ixj¾Okh • .%dóh fi!LH uOHia:dk ixj¾Okh lsÍu • YÍr iqj;d ux ;Sre bos lsÍu • lsUq,kaf.ka wdrCId ùu i|yd wdrCIs; fldgq bos lsÍu • jeõ m%;sixialrKh • jdßud¾." wuqKq" we, fõ,s lDIs ,sx yd jdß c, iïmdok lghq;= jeä oshqKq lsÍu

3' jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul lrk rdcH wdh;k m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s úYd, mrdihl me;sr ;sfnk nj by; úia;rh wkqj meyeos,s fõ' tfiau m%dfoaYSh uÜgfï rdcH wdh;k /ila fuu jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍfï ld¾hhg ueosy;a fõ' tkï" • • • • • • •

osia;%sla f,alï $osidm;s ld¾hd,h m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,h m<d;a md,k wdh;k ^m%dfoaYSh iNdj" k.r iNdj" uyd k.r iNdj& m%dfoaYSh f.dúck fiajd ld¾hd,h m<d;a .%du ixj¾Ok fomd¾;fïka;=j m<d;a ud¾. ixj¾Ok wêldßh oCIsK ixj¾Ok wêldßh jeks ixia:dms; wdh;k óg ksoiqkah'

úúO fCIa;% .Kkdjl m%cd jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍfï ld¾hh m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd, yd m<d;a md,k wdh;k yryd isÿ lrkq ,enQ nj uE; ld,Sk m%dfhda.sl w;aoelSï i,ld ne,SfïoS meyeos,s fõ' osú ke.=u jeks lDIs ld¾ñl jHdmD;s o" u. ke.=u jeks ud¾. ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s o" mdi,a i|yd ikSmdrCIl myiqlï iemhSu" fmr mdi,a ixj¾Okh" l=vd jdßud¾. ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s o" úÿ,sh" c,h" fmdÿ f.dvke.s,s bos lsÍï jeks jHdmD;s o m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd, yryd uE; ld,fhaoS id¾:lj l%shd;aul lrkq ,eîu ta i|yd fyd|u ksoiqka imhhs' úfYaIfhka uOHu rcfha ´kEu f¾Çh wud;HdxYhlg osia;%sla f,alï ld¾hd, yryd m%dfoaYSh f,alïjreka u`.ska ;u wud;HdxYhg wkqnoaê; úIh fCIa;%hg wod< m%cd jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul lsÍfï yelshdj mj;S' m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd, hkq m%dfoaYSh uÜgfï rdcH mßmd,k hdka;%Kh l%shd;aul lsÍu

muKla fkdj m%dfoaYSh yd .%dóh ixj¾OkfhaoS úYd, ld¾h Ndrhla bgq lrk b;d jeo.;a rdcH wdh;k iuQyhls' .%dóh há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh m%Odk jYfhka m<d;a md,k wdh;k i;= ld¾hhla jqjo uE; ld,Sk w;aoelSï wkqj m<d;a md,k wdh;k wìnjd tu lghq;= bgq lsÍug m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd, fhdod .ekSu lemS fmKqks'

4' hymd,k ikao¾Nhla ;=< m%cd iyNd.S;ajh hymd,kh hk jok uE; ld,fha f,dl= l=vd iEu okkaf.au uqj`. ksrka;rfhkau /f|k yqre mqreÿ fhÿula f,i idudkHlrKh jQ jpkhls' we;euqka fndfydu ne?reï f,i o" ;j;a wh wmydihg o" Wmydihg o fuu jok idudkH Ndú;dfõoS fhdok whqre ud fukau Tno w;aoel we;sjdg iel ke;' tfy;a fuu l=uk whqßka fyda fuu jok jyrk fndfyda fokd fuys ienE wre;a ms<sn| wjfndaOhlska hq;=j tfia lrkjdoehs hkak m%Yakd¾:hls' tneúka fuu jpkh yd thska wre;a .ekafjk ixl,am ms<sn| oek y÷kd.ekSu ldyg;a jeo.;a jkq we;'

4'1 md,kh

(Governance)

hymd,kh hkak bx.%Sis NdIdfõ Good Governance hk jofka isxy, w¾: .ekaùuhs' fkdtfia kï hym;a wdKavqlrKhhs' hymd,kh hk ixl,amh .ek idlÉPd lsÍug m%:u md,kh fyj;a wdKavqlrKh (Governance) hk ixl,amh y÷kd.ekSu jeo.;a fõ' md,kh fyj;a wdKavqlrKh ñksia YsIagdpdrh ;rï merKs ixl,amhls' ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sh;a tu ;SrK ls%hd;aul lsÍfï fyda fkdlsÍfï l%shdj,sh;a wdKavqlrKh fyj;a md,kh f,i ir,j y÷kajd osh yelsh' ixia:duh (Corporate Governance) m%dfoaYSh (Local Governance) foaYSh (National Governance) fyda cd;Hka;r (International Governance) f,i úúO ;,j,oS wdKavqlrKh fyj;a md,kh l%shd;aul fõ' wdKavqlrKh fyj;a md,kh hkak ;SrK .ekSfï yd tu ;SrK l%shd;aul lsÍfï fyda fkdlsÍfï l%shdj,sh yd ne÷Kq ixl,amhla neúka tu l%shdj,shg iïnkaO md¾Yjhka (Actors of Governance) yd tu l%shdj,sh ;=< we;s ieliqï fyj;a jHqyhka (Structures) ms<sn| ie<ls,su;a ùu o wjYH fõ' 9

;SrK .ekSfï yd tajd l%shd;aul lsÍfï l%shdj,shg iïnkaO úêu;a yd fkdúêu;a md¾Yj isáh yels w;r" wdKavqlrKfha fyj;a md,kfha uÜgu wkqj tu md¾Yjj, iajrEmh fjkia fõ' ksoiqkla f,i m%dfoaYSh wdKavqlrKfha oS" bvï ysñhka" f.dú ixúOdk" iuQmldr iñ;s" m%cd mdol ixúOdk yd tajdfha kshuqjka wd.ñl kdhlhska" foaYmd,k mCI yd ixúOdk" uQ,H wdh;k" wOHdmk yd m¾fhaIK wdh;k" yuqod wdosh tys md¾Yj f,i y÷kd.; yelsh' cd;sl yd wka;¾cd;sl wdKavqlrKfhaoS fuu md¾Yjj, iajrEmh ;jÿrg;a ixlS¾K jkq we;' tfiau ;SrK .ekSfï yd ;SrK l%shd;aul lsÍfï l%shdj,sh ;=< we;s jHQyhka o úúO fõ' úêu;a yd fkdúêu;a jHQyhka ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sh ;=< we;' rfÜ wdKavqlrKfha ;SrK .ekSfï m%Odk úêu;a jHQyhla f,i leìkÜ uKav,h y÷kd.; yels w;r" wdKavqlrKhg m%n,j n,mdk ;SrK .kakd fkdúêu;a jHQyhla f,i zzl=iais leìfkÜgqjZZ (Kitchen Cabinet) o l%shd;aulh'

4'2 hymd,kh

(Good Governance)

by; wdKavqlrKh fyj;a md,kh f,i ú.%y l<" ;SrK .ekSfï yd tajd l%shd;aul lsÍfï fyda fkdlsÍfï l%shdj,sh ;j;a wxf.damdx. 08 lska iukaú;j l%shd;aul jk úg th hymd,kh fyj;a hym;a wdKavqlrKh f,i wre;a .ekaúh yelsh' w,a,i" ¥IKh yd kdia;sh msgqolsñka rfÜ fmdÿ hym; i|yd rfÜ iïm;a m%Yia: whqßka Ndú;fha fhoùfï jvd;a ck;djdoS yd udkjjdoS ksjeros ;SrK .ekSfï yd l%shd;aul lsÍfï l%shdj,shla ia:dms; lsÍu i|yd fuu wxf.damdx. 08 cd;Hka;rj ms<sf.k l%shd;aul lrhs'

4'3 hymd,kfha wxf.damdx. hymd,kh w¾:j;a jkafka fuys my;ska úia;r lrk wg jeoEreï wxf.damdx. yels;dla ÿrg l%shd;aul jk úg nj jgyd .ekSu b;du jeo.;a fõ'

iyNd.S;ajh

kS;sSÍ;s wkq.ukh lrk

ld¾hCIu yd iM,odhS

ish¨ u; .re lrk

hymd,kfha wxf.damdx.

wmCImd;S yd iefjdu we;=<;a

j.ùu

úksúo Ndjh

m%;spdÍ Ndjh

rEmh 1

4'3'1 kS;s Í;s wkq.ukh lrk • wmCImd;S idOdrK kS;sfha rduqj • udkj ysñlïj, wdrCIdj ^úfYaIfhka l=vd ckj¾.j,g& • iajdëk wêlrK moaO;sh yd wmCImd; w¥Is; fmd,sia fiajh • ish¨u wdh;ksl ieliqï yd l%shdj,Ska kS;shg hg;a úh hq;=h hk ms<s.ekSu' • iajdëk fldñIka iNd we;sjk whqßka jHjia:d mekùu fuu .=Kdx.h iq/lSug bjy,a jkq we;'

4'3'2 úksúo Ndjh • ;SrK .ekSu yd tajd ls%hd;aul lsÍu kS;s yd fr.=,dis wkqju isÿjk nj ;yjqre lsÍu' • úksúo Ndjh ksoyia f;dr;=re ixirKh u; mokï jQ ixl,amhls' • fhdacs; f;dr;=re mk; úksúo Ndjh ms<sn| uyck iyNd.S;ajh mq`M,a lrkq we;' 4'3'3 m%;spdÍNdjh • ish¨ wdh;ksl ieliqï yd l%shdj,ska wod< ish¨u md¾Yjhkaf.a b,a,Sïj,g wjxlj idOdrK ld,hla ;=< jvd;a iqÿiq m%;spdr ,ndoSu l< hq;= nj • th ck;djf.a wjYH;djhka fjkqfjka fmkS isák kdhlhkaf.a yd rdcH fiajlhskaf.a j.ùu ueksh yels ñkqula f,i o .; yel' • rdcH fiajhg 2008 jif¾ y÷kajd ÿka mqrjeis$fiajd,dNS m%{ma;sh fuu ixl,amhg m%dfhda.sl ksoiqkls' 4'3'4 ish¨ u; .re lrk • hy md,kh ;=<ska úúOdldr jQ u; Tiafia ish,a,kagu tlÕ úh yels m%;sm;a;s yd l%shdoduhkag yels muK wkql+, jQ talu;sl;ajhlg tau i|yd fhduq lrjhs' • ck iudcfha ft;sydisl" ixialD;sl yd iudcSh ixo¾Nhka ukdj f;areï .ekSu ;=<ska fuu ;;ajhg <Õd úh yelshs' • jHjia:dodhl iNdj we;=¿ jHjia:duh m%;sixialrK jvd;a M,orkafka fuu ixl,amh wre;a .ekafjk úgoSh' 4'3'5 wmCImd;S yd iefjdu we;=<;a • m%Odk Odrdfõ iudc m%jdyh ;=< ieug iudk wjia:djka yd lsisfjl= thska w;a fkdyeÍuhs' • lsisÿ fNaohlska f;drj ish¨u fokd ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,shg iïnkaO lr .ekSuhs' • jvd;a m%cd;ka;%jdoS ue;sjrK l%uhla ia:dms; lsÍu" udkj ysñlï n,.ekaùu fuu ixl,amh w¾:.kajhs'

4'3'6 ld¾hCIu yd iM,odhS • l%shdj,Ska yd wdh;ksl ieliqïj, m%;sM,h ck;djf.a ienE wjYH;dj bgqjk iM,odhS tajd úh hq;=hs' • ld¾hCIu;d ixl,amh u`.ska iajNdúl iïm;a wkd.;hg o fjkalrñka isÿlrk ;sridr Ndú;h yd mßirfha wdrCIdj ms<sn| woyia lrhs' • rgl wkd.; oelau" rfÜ úúO úIh fCI;% wrnhd cd;sl m%;sm;a;s we;s lsÍu" oS¾> ld,Sk ie,iqï wdosh fuu ixl,amfha m%dfhda.sl Ndú;d fõ' 4'3'7 j.ùu • rcfha;a" fm!oa.,sl wxYfha;a fjk;a ixúOdkj,;a ;SrK .kakka úiska wod< ;SrK iïnkaOj uyck;djg" wod< wdh;kj,g fyda iïnkaO wfkl=;a md¾Yjhkag j.úh hq;=h' ^wjika m%;sM,h flfia jqj;a ;SrKh ;ukaf.a nj ms<s.ekSu& • fuf,i j.ùu wod< ixúOdkfha wNHka;r ;SrKhla o ndysrg n,mdk ;SrKhlao hkak u;;a fjkiafõ' • úksúoNdjh yd kS;sfha wdêm;Hh fkdue;sj j.ùu wiïmQ¾K fõ' • fhdacs; ú.Kk mk; j.ùu ia:dms; lsÍug wod< idOkSh mshjrls' 4'3'8 iyNd.S;ajh • iEu ldka;djlgu yd msßñfhl=gu ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,shg iïnkaO ùug whs;shla ;sìh hq;=h' • fuh iDcqju fyda kS;Hkql+, wdh;ksl ieliqula u; isÿúh yelsh' • iyNd.S;ajh mq¿,aj .;a l, ixúOdkh ùfï yd woyia m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyi u; mokï j we;' • ixúê; isú,a iudch • i¾j ck Pkao n,h rfÜ ish¨ fokd md,khg iyNd.S jk tla wjia:djls'

5' m%cd iyNd.S;ajh m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul lsÍfïoS —iyNd.S;ajh˜ b;d jeo.;a ixl,amhls' hymd,kfha wxf.damdx. yd iei|SfïoS m%cd jHdmD;shl id¾:l;ajh fyda wid¾:l;ajh ;SrKh ùfï,d ;SrKd;aul idOlh m%cdj wod< jHdmD;s l%shdj,shg olajk iyNd.S;ajfha iajrEmh fyda uÜgu nj m%dfhda.sl i;Hhls' m%cd iyNd.S;ajfha uÜgu wkqj m%cd jHdmD;sfha md,kh ysñ jkafka ldgo hkak ;SrKh fõ' tkï ndysr md¾Yjfha md,kh o ke;fyd;a m%cdjf.a md,kh o hkakhs'

5'1 ndysr md¾Yjhkaf.a md,kh yd m%cdjf.a md,kh m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍug m%cdj olajk iyNd.S;ajfha uÜgu u;" wod< jHdmD;sh m%cdjf.a md,khg k;= jQjla o" ke;fyd;a ndysr md¾Yjfha md,khg k;= jQjla o hkak ;SrKh fõ' 5'1'1 ndysr md¾Yjfha md,kh .%dóh m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍfïoS wod< jHdmD;s f;dard .ekSu" ie,iqï lsÍu" weia;fïka;= lsÍu" wruqo,a iïmdokh" l%shd;aul lsÍu" wëCIKh iy miq úmrï lsÍu yd kv;a;=j wdoS mshjrhkaysoS wod< jHdmD;sfha m%;s,dN iDcqj N=la;s ú|sk m%cdjg mßndysr rdcH" mqoa.,sl fyda rdcH fkdjk md¾Yjhka uq¿ukskau fyda jeä jYfhka ueosy;a jkafka kï tjeks m%cd jHdmD;s ndysr md¾Yjhkaf.a md,kh hgf;a l%shd;aul jk m%cdjf.a wju iyNd.S;ajh iys; jHdmD;s nj y÷kd.; yelsh' fulS ;;ajh m%cd ixj¾OkfhaoS j¾;udkfha wfmalaIs; ;;a;ajh fkdjk w;r" ndysr md,kh hgf;a l%shd;aul m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sj, ;sridr meje;au ms<sn| .eg¨ we;súh yel'

iyNd.S;ajfha uÜgu

m%cdjf.a md,kh

l%shdldrlï yd ne`ÿKq iyNd.S;ajh

wka;¾ l%shdldÍ iyNd.S;ajh

iajhx iÔùlrKh

øjHuh Èß.ekaùu Wfoid iyNd.S;ajh

Wmfoia ,nd§u ;=< iyNd.S;ajh

wl%sh$ kdñl iyNd.S;ajh

f;dr;=re iemhSu ;=< iyNd.S;ajh

ndysr md¾Yjhkaf.a md,kh

rEmh 2 ndysr md¾Yjhkaf.a md,kh hgf;a m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍfïoS ''''

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

jHdmD;s f;dard .ekSu myiqúh yel' tfy;a m%cdjg jvd;a wjYH m%uqL jHdmD;sh u`. yeÍhdfï wjia:dj jeäh' m%cdjg wjYH jHdmD;sh y÷kd.;a; o" th ie,iqï lsÍfïoS yd l%shd;aul lsÍfïoS wm m%cdjf.a woyia u`. yeÍ hk neúka jHdmD;sfha wjidk wruqKq bgq fkdfõ' m%cdj ;uka jHdmD;sfha ysñlrejka fyda Ndrlrejka f,i is;kjdg jvd l=,Slrejka fyda msgia;rhka ùug we;s yelshdjka jeäh' wruqo,a yd iïm;a kdia;sh yd ¥IKh by< w.hla .kS' jHdmD;sfha .=Kd;aul m%ñ;sh wvqfõ' jHdmD;sfha wdrCIdj yd kv;a;=j o ndysr md¾Yjhkagu lsÍug isÿfõ' jHdmD;sfha l,ameje;au wvqh' 15

5'1'2 m%cdjf.a md,kh m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s f;dard .ekSu" ie,iqï lsÍu" weia;fïka;= lsÍu" wruqo,a iïmdokh" l%shd;aul lsÍu" wëCIKh miq úmrï lsÍu" kv;a;=j yd wdrCIdj wdoS ish¨ ld¾hhka wod< jHdmD;sfha m%;s,dNS uyck;dj úiska uq¿ukskau fyda jeäjYfhka isÿ lrkafka kï tjeks jHdmD;s m%cdjf.a md,kh hgf;a isÿjk m%cd jHdmD;s f,i y÷kd.; yelsh' fjk;a jpkj,ska m%ldY lrkafka kï tlS jHdmD;s ienE m%cd iyNd.S;ajh iys; ienE m%cd jHdmD;s f,i y÷kd.; yelsh' iyNd.S;ajfha uÜgu

m%cdjf.a md,kh

l%shdldrlï yd ne`ÿKq iyNd.S;ajh

wka;¾ l%shdldÍ iyNd.S;ajh

iajhx iÔùlrKh

øjHuh Èß.ekaùu Wfoid iyNd.S;ajh

Wmfoia ,nd§u ;=< iyNd.S;ajh

wl%sh$ kdñl iyNd.S;ajh

f;dr;=re iemhSu ;=< iyNd.S;ajh

ndysr md¾Yjhkaf.a md,kh

rEmh 3 m%cdjf.a md,kh hgf;a m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s ls%shd;aul lsÍfïoS ''''

1. 2.

m%cdjf.a wjYH;d u; jvd;a w;HjYH jHdmD;sh y÷kd.; yelsùu' m%cdjf.a woyia yd is;eÕs wkqj jHdmD;s ie,iqï lsÍug yelsùu'

m%cdj jHdmD;sfha l=,Slrejka fyda isrlrejka fkdj jHdmD;sfha ysñlrejka yd Ndrlrejka njg m;a ùu' wruqo,a yd iïm;a Wmßu f,i Wmfhdackh ùu iy kdia;sh ¥IKh b;d wju ùu' jHdmD;sfha .=Kd;aul m%ñ;sh yd ksuejqu by< hdu' jHdmD;sfha wdrCIdj yd kv;a;=j m%cdj úiskau isÿ lrhs' jHdmD;sh os.=l,a mj;S' fmdÿ wruqo,a yd fmdÿ foam< wdrCIdj ms<sn| u;h iudc.;ù ;yjqre fõ'

4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

5'2 m%cd iyNd.S;ajfha úúO uÜgï hïlsis m%cd jHdmD;shla ndysr md¾Yjhkaf.a md,khg fyda m%cdjf.a md,khg k;= jkafka m%cd iyNd.S;ajfha uÜgu fyda iajrEmh wkqjhs' ta i|yd m%cdjf.a iyNd.S;ajh isÿjk wdldrh y÷kd.ekSu jeo.;ah' iyNd.S;ajfha uÜgu

m%cdjf.a md,kh

l%shdldrlï yd ne`ÿKq iyNd.S;ajh

wka;¾ l%shdldÍ iyNd.S;ajh

iajhx iÔùlrKh

øjHuh Èß.ekaùu Wfoid iyNd.S;ajh

Wmfoia ,nd§u ;=< iyNd.S;ajh

wl%sh$ kdñl iyNd.S;ajh

f;dr;=re iemhSu ;=< iyNd.S;ajh

ndysr md¾Yjhkaf.a md,kh

rEmh 4 17

5'2'1' wl%Sh kdñl iyNd.S;ajh jHdmD;sfha m%;s,dNS ck;dj jHdmD;s /iaùug iyNd.S ùu" jHdmD;s ks,OdÍkaf.a woyiaj,g ijka oSu" wjidkfha w;afmd<ika oS msgj hdu fuu uÜgfï oS m%cd iyNd.S;ajh f,i y÷kd .efka' fuh m%cd iyNd.S;ajfha b;du ÿ¾j, uÜgu jk w;r" ndysr md¾Yjh jHdmD;shg wod< ish¨ ;SrK f.k jHdmD;sh iïmQ¾K lrhs' 5'2'2' f;dr;=re iemhSu ;=< iyNd.S;ajh jHdmD;sfha m%;s,dNS ck;dj hï lsis m%Yakdj,shlg ms<s;=re iemhSu ;=<ska ksYaÑ; f;dr;=re m%udKhla ,ndoSfuka jHdmD;s lghq;a;g odhl ùu u`.ska ;u iNd.S;ajh ,ndoSu fuysoS isÿfõ' tu f;dr;=re i,ld ne,Sug jHdmD;s lKavdhu ne|S ke;s w;r" ndysr md¾Yjhkaf.a md,kh m%n,j mj;S' fuho m%cd iyNd.S;ajfha ÿ¾j, wjia:djls' 5'2'3' Wmfoia ,ndoSu ;=< iyNd.S;ajh m%;s,dNS ck;dj uqK .efyk hï wjia:djloS jHdmD;s lKavdhu úiska f;dard.;a m%cd jHdmD;sh ms<sn|" ;u woyia yd fhdackd oelaùu ;=<ska odhl ùug jHdmD;s lKAvdhï úiska m%;s,dNS ck;djg wjia:dj ,ndfoa' fuysoS m%Yak yd úi÷ï y`ÿkd .ekSu ndysr úfYaI{hka úiska isÿlrk w;r" uyck;djf.a woyia u; wod< ;SrK fjkia ùugo bv we;' tfy;a ;j ÿrg;a jHdmD;sh iïnkaOj ndysr md¾Yjfha md,kh m%n, fõ' 5'2'4' øjHuh osß.ekaùu Wfoid iyNd.S;ajh fuysoS wdydr" uqo,a" fyda fjk;a wdldrfha osß .ekaùï i|yd uyck;dj ish iïm;a fyda Y%uh jHdmD;s i|yd fhdojhs' jHdmD;sh wjidkfha fmdÿfõ m%cdjg jk m%;s,dNh ms<sn| l,amkd lr jHdmD;shg odhl jkjd fkdj jHdmD;s lghq;=j,g odhl fkdùu ksid ;udg isÿúh yels wd¾Ól mdvq ms<sn| i,ld iyNd.S;ajh ,nd oSug ndysr md¾Yj úiska m%cdj fmd<Ujk wjia:djla f,i fuu iyNd.S;aj uÜgu ie,lsh yel'

.u ;=< isÿ lrk ud¾. ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sfha lghq;=j,g Y%ufhka odhl fkdjqk fyd;a iuDoaê iykdOdrh k;r lrk njg lrk n,mEu u; jHdmD;shg ish Y%uh ,ndoSu fï i|yd jk uE; ld,Sk fyd|u ksoiqkls' fndfyda wjia:dj,oS fuh kshu iyNd.S;ajh f,i ie,lSug fm<ö we;;a wod< n,mEu fyda osß.ekAùu k;r jQ úg m%cd iyNd.S;ajh k;r jk w;r" jHdmD;sh iïnkaO mq¿,a j.lSula m%cdjg fkdue;' flfia fj;;a jHdmD;sh iïnkaO ndysr md¾Yjfha md,kh hgm;a ù m%cdjf.a md,khg jHdmD;sh k;= ùug mgka .kafka wju jYfhka fuu iyNd.S;aj uÜgfï isg ùu lemS fmfka' ^rEmh 4 n,kak& 5'2'5' l%shdldrlï yd ne÷Kq iyNd.S;ajh ndysr md¾Yjhka ;SrKh lrk ,o jHdmD;s wruqKq id¾:l lr .ekSug m%cdj úúO lKavdhï f,i tluq;=j ta ta lKavdhï Y%uh" wdydr" WmlrK fyda wuqøjH wdoS úúO whqßka odhl fjñka jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍug iyNd.S ùu fuu wjia:dfõoS isÿfõ' fuu ;;a;ajh jHdmD;shl uq,a wjia:dfõoS ^tkï ie,iqu& fkdj jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfïoS fndfyda úg ndysr myiq lrkakkaf.a Wkkaÿj u; we;sfõ' tfy;a fuu uÜgfïoS ndysr md¾Yjhg jvd m%cdjf.a md,khg jHdmD;sh k;=jkakg mgka.kS' 5'2'6' wka;¾ l%shdldÍ iyNd.S;ajh fuu wjia:dfõoS jHdmD;s wjYH;d y÷kd.ekSu" ie,iqï ilia lsÍu" m%cd ixúOdk msysgqùu yd ta u`.ska jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lssÍu jeks ld¾hhka ysoS m%cdj Woafhda.fhka yd iafõÉPdfjka iyNd.S ù lghq;= lrhs' tfy;a jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd wjYH wruqo,aj,ska jeä m%;sY;hla ndysr md¾Yjhkaf.ka ,nd .kS' jHdmD;s wjYH;d imqrd.ekSu i|yd muKla fkdj m%cd whs;sjdislula f,i iyNd.S;aj ixl,amh w¾: .ekafjk mßos lghq;= lsÍug fuysoS m%cdj fm<fò' m%cdjf.a md,kh biau;=j mj;S'

5'2'7' mQ¾K iyNd.S;ajh fyj;a iajhx icSúlrK uÜgu m%cdj i;H jYfhka n, .ekafjkafka mQ¾K iyNd.S;aj uÜgfïoSh' ndysr n,mEïj,ska f;drj mj;akd rgdj fjkia lsÍug m%cdj iajhxj ixúOdkh ù taldnoaOj lghq;= lrhs' m%cd jHdmD;s iïnkaOfhka .;a l, jHdmD;s y÷kd.ekSfï isg miq úmru yd kv;a;=j olajd ish¨ ld¾hhkaj,oS m%cdjf.a md,kh mj;S' wjYH ;dCIKsl Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu" ixúOdk ,shdmosxÑh jeks lghq;= i|yd ndysr wxY iu. iïnkaO fõ' wruqo,a m%cdj úiskau iïmdokh lrk w;ru" fkdtfiakï wruqo,a imhk wdh;k fj; mq¿,a n,mEula isÿlr wjYH wruqo,a iïnkaëlrKh lr .kq ,efí' wruqo,a ndysßka ,nd .;a;o tajd Ndú;d lrk wdldrh ms<sn| m%cdj md,khla ;nd .kS'

6' m%cd jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍu fmdÿ wruqo,a Ndú;d fldg m%cd mdol jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍu úúO wdh;k úiska úúO whqßka isÿ lrkq ,nhs' úfYaIfhka .%dóh uÜgfï rdcH wdh;k m%cd mdol jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd Ndú;d lrk l%u lsysmhla my; mßos idlÉPd l< yel'

6'1' iDcq Y%u mokñka jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul lsÍu m%dfoaYSh iNd" k.r iNd" uyd k.r iNd jeks m<d;a md,k wdh;kj,g fukau ud¾. ixj¾Ok wêldßh jeks rdcH wdh;k j,g fuu l%uh myiqfjka wkq.ukh l< yelsh' fldka;%d;a;=j bgq lsÍug wjYH øjH weia;fïka;=jla ilia lsÍug lghq;= lr" tu øjH ndysr wdh;kj,ska ñ< .Kka le|jd ñ<oS f.k" ;u wdh;kfha Y%uh ^mqyqKq yd kqmqyqKq& Ndú;d fldg jHdmD;sh iïmQ¾K lsÍu fuu l%ufhaoS isÿ lrkq ,nhs' .%dóh ud¾. ixj¾Okh" l=vd f.dvke.s,s bos lsÍu jeks m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s fuu whqßka nyq,j bgq lrkq ,nkafka m<d;a md,k wdh;k úisks' tfy;a m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd," m%dfoaYSh f.dúck fiajd uOHia:dk jeks rdcH wdh;k úiska fuu l%uh Ndú;d lrkafka kï Tjqka øjH weia;fïka;=fõ øjH fukau Y%uh o ndysßka ñ,oS f.k lghq;= l< hq;=h' fuu l%ufha we;s úfYaI jdish jkafka jHdmD;sh i|yd jk øjH yd Y%u msßjeh muKla jehùu;a" ndysr md¾Yjhlg ,dNdxY f,i uqo,la fjka fkdlsÍu;a ksid jHdmD;s msßjeh wju lr .; yels ùuhs' mqyqKq yd kqmqyqKq Y%uh i|yd rcfha iïu; ñ, .Kka fj<|fmd, ñ, .Kka iuÕ iei|SfïoS b;d wju ùu yd fldka;%d;a;=j bgq lsÍfï j.lSu uq¿ukskau wdh;kh u; megfjk neúka fuu l%uh nyq,j fhdod fkd.kS'

6'2' m%iïmdok l%shdj,sh wkq.ukh lr jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍu 2006 rcfha m%iïmdok ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh u`.ska fmkajd oS we;s Wmfoia wkq.ukh lr wod< jHdmD;s ls%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq fldka;%d;a lrejka" újD; ñ, .Kka le|jd f;dard .ekSu fuu l%uhhs' fuu l%uh m%cd jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lrk ´kEu wdh;khlg l%shd;aul l< yels w;r" wdo< fldka;%d;alre wfmaCId lrk ,dN m%;sY;h jHdmD;shg tl;=ùfuka jHdmD;s msßjeh by< hd yel' tfiau fldka;%d;alrejl= f;dard .ekSug m%isoaO ,xiq le|ùug ^mqj;am;a oekaùï u`.ska& isÿúh yelsh' ndysr fldka;%d;alrejl= úiska jHmD;sh isÿ lrk neúka tys Wmßu M,odhS;dj i|yd fldka;%d;a;=j msßkukq ,nk wdh;kh u`.ska jHdmD;sh ksrka;rfhka wëCIKh l< hq;=h' jHdmD;sh bgq lsÍu i|yd ^ICTAD wdh;kfha jeks& ,shdmosxÑ fldka;%d;alrejl= f;dard.; yels ùu;a fldka;%d;a;=j i|yd .;jk ld,h wvqùu;a jdishla fõ' m%isoaO ,xiq le|jd fldka;%d;alrejka f;dard .ekSug yeuúgu wmyiq neúka fldka;%d;a msßkuk wdh;kh úiska jd¾Islj iqÿiqlï iys; fldka;%d;alrejka ,shdmosxÑ lr .ekSug yels w;r" Tjqka w;ßka iSñ; ñ, .Kka le|jd fldka;%d;a;=j msßkeóug iqÿiq fldka;%d;alrejl= f;dard f.k fldka;%d;a msßkeñh yelsh' .%dóh há;, myiqlï ixj¾Ok jevigyk 2016 hgf;a iEu .%du ks,OdÍ jiulu bgq lsÍug fhdacs; m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s ish,a, m%iïmdok ud¾f.damfoaYhka hgf;a tk úê úOdkj,g wkqj bgq l< hq;= njg cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd wd¾Ól lghq;= wud;HdxYfha f,alïf.a 2016'03'24 oske;s wxl 02$2016 orK pl%f,aLh u`.ska kshu lr we;'

6'3' m%cd mdol ixúOdk i|yd iDcq fldka;%d;a mejÍfï l%uh 2006 rcfha m%iïmdok ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfha 3'9'1 j.ka;sh m%ldrj rdcH uqo,a pl%f,aL wxl 01$2012 u.ska ,nd oS we;s Wmfoia mßos fuu l%uh jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd rdcH wdh;k úiska nyq,j fhdod .kS' .%dóh há;, myiqlï ixj¾Ok jevigyk 2016 hgf;a iEu .%du ks,OdÍ jiulu bgq lsÍug fhdacs; m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s ish,a, m%iïmdok ud¾f.damfoaYhka hgf;a tk úê úOdkj,g wkqj bgq l< hq;= njg cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd wd¾Ól lghq;= wud;HdxYfha f,alïf.a 2016'03'24 oske;s wxl 02$2016 orK pl%f,aLh u`.ska kshu lr we;s neúka 2016 jif¾ m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s Rcq fldka;%d;a l%uhg m%cd mdol ixúOdk u`.ska bgq lrjd .ekSug yelshdjla fkdue;' 6'3'1 2006 rcfha m%iïmdok ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfha 3'9'1 j.ka;sh —jHdmD;shl ;sridr;ajh ms<sn| wjYH;djh u; fyda hï y÷kd.;a N+f.da,Sh m%foaYhl /lshd wjia:d we;s lsÍu jeks úfYaIs; iudc wruqKq bgqlrjd .ekSu i|yd foaYSh$m<d;ano m%cd mdol ixúOdk iyNd.Slrjd .ekSu iqÿiq fõ'˜ 6'3'2 m%cd mdol ixúOdk hï ksYaÑ; N+f.da,Sh iSudjla ;=< cSj;ajk hï iudk;djhka iys; m%cd lKavdhï tlaj" ksYaÑ; wruqKla bgq lr .ekSu i|yd msysgqjdf.k rcfha wkqnoaê; wdh;khl kS;Hkql+,j ,shdmosxÑ lr we;s iñ;s iud.ï fyda ixúOdk m%cd mdol ixúOdk f,i y÷kd.; yel' ksoiqka • .%du ixj¾Ok iñ;s • f.dú ixúOdk • .eñ osßh uyck iud.ï 23

uqo,a yd l%uiïmdok wud;HdxYfha f,alï úiska 2012'01'05 osk ksl=;a lrk ,o rdcH uqo,a pl%f,aL wxl( 01$2012 wkqj fldka;%d;a msßkuk wdh;kfha m%Odkshd iy m%foaYfha m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhd úiska kï lrkq ,nk ksfhdacs;hkaf.ka iukaú; ;%smqoa., lñgqjla u`.ska fuys wxl 6'3'3 hgf;a i|yka lr we;s iqÿiqlï mÍCIdlr ikd: lsÍfuka wk;=rej my; i|yka m%cd mdol ixúOdk fj; boslsÍï jev fldka;%d;a;= mejßh yelsh' 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

iuDoaê n,ldhka$iuDoaê iñ;s úúO fiajd iuQmldr iñ;s iuQmldr lïlre iñ;s ^lïlre fiajd i|yd muKla& .%du ixj¾Ok iñ;s mdi,a ixj¾Ok iñ;s ^n, iSud m%foaYhg wod<j mdi,a mßY%fhys l%shd;aul& wkqu; f.dú ixúOdk .%dfudaoh uKav, iy m%cd ixj¾Ok iñ;s ^m<d;a md,k fCIa;%fha ixj¾Ok lghq;= j,g odhl jkakd jQ iñ;s& .eñ osßh uyck iud.ï iNdêm;H l<ukdlrK wêldßh hgf;a ,shdmosxÑ lrk ,o iNdêm;H l<ukdlrK ixia:d úydria: ld¾h idOk iñ;s ^iajlSh úydria:dk yd oyï mdi,a mßY%hkays l%shd;aul& úydria: odhl iNd ^iajlSh úydria:dk yd oyï mdi,a mßY%hkays l%shd;aul& iudc fiajd wud;HdxYh hgf;a l%shd;aul jk cd;sl jeäysá f,alï ld¾hd,fha ,shdmosxÑ .%dóh jeäysá lñgq m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhdg iEySulg m;aúh yels fomd¾;fïka;= m%OdkSka úiska y÷kd.kakd m%cd ixúOdk

6'3'3 m%cd jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd m%cd mdol ixúOdk f;dard .ekSfïoS i,ld n,k iqÿiqlï rdcH uqo,a pl%f,aL wxl ( 01$2012 wkqj by; lS lñgqj úiska my; ,sms f,aLk mÍCId lr fhda.H;dj iudf,dapkh lsÍfuka wk;=rej iqÿiq m%cd mdol ixúOdk f;dard.; yel' 24

2. 3.

nexl= m%ldY iy whsrd myiqlï wkqu; lrk iuDoaê nexl=" iuQmldr nexl= fyda .%dóh nexl= jeks uQ,H wdh;k úiska nexl= iy uQ,H myiqlï ,nd we;s nj ikd: lrk ,sms f,aLk iudk jev ms<sn|j fmr m<mqreÿlïj,g odhl ù we;s njg wod< iy;sl fyda bgq lr we;s jev ms<sn| fukau tajdfha m%ñ;Ska ms<sn| iEySulg m;aúh yels idCIs wjqreoaolg fmr msßkuk ,o kuq;a wiïmQ¾K fldka;%d;a o we;=¿j bl=;a jir ;=< Tjqkg msßkuk ,o fldka;%d;a jev ms<sn|j wod< iñ;sh ksl=;a lr we;s m%ldYhla ^fldka;%d;a kduh" ia:dkh" fiajdodhl" fldka;%d;a;=fõ jákdlu iy j¾;udk ;;ajh& wod< ld¾hh Wm fldka;%d;a fkdfok njg iñ;sfhka ksl=;a l< m%ldYhla ^Wm fldka;%d;aj, fhÿkfyd;a tjeks iñ;s$ixúOdk widOq f,aLk.; l< hq;=h&

6'3'4 m%cd mdol ixúOdk i|yd fldka;%d;a msßkeófïoS i,ld n,k lreKq rdcH uqo,a pl%f,aL wxl 01$2012 wkqj" iDcq fldka;%d;a mejÍuloS kï" 1. mjrkq ,nk fldka;%d;a;=j m%cd mdol ixúOdkfha$iñ;sfha n, m%foaYfha úh hq;=h' 2. fldka;%d;a;=j msßkuk wjia:dfõoS wod< m%cd mdol ixúOdkh fldka;%d;a 03 lg jvd jeä fldka;%d;a m%udKhl ksr; ù fkdisáh hq;=h' ^osia;%sla f,alïjrhdf.a wkque;sh we;sj úfYaI wjia:dj, oS fldka;%d;a 03 lg jeä m%udKhlg bv ,ndosh yelsh'& 3. fldka;%d;a msßkuk wdh;k m%Odkshd fyda m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhd fldka;%d;a lghq;= ukdj isÿlrk nj wëCIKh lsÍug jev ms<sfj,la fhoSug j.n,d .; hq;=h' 4. tla fldka;%d;a;=jlg Wmßu jákdlu remsh,a ñ,shk folla fkdblauúh hq;=h'

7' m%cd mdol ixúOdk u`.ska m%cd jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍu m%cd mdol ixúOdk i|yd iDcqju m%cd jHdmD;sh mejÍu fyda m%cd mdol ixúOdk w;ßka ;r.ldÍj ñ, .Kka le|jd f;dard.;a m%cd mdol ixúOdkhlg jHdmD;sh mejÍu fyda u`.ska m%cd jHdmD;s l%shd;aul l< yelsh' NdKavd.dr f,alï úiska ksl=;a l< 2012'01'05 oske;s rdcH uqo,a pl%f,aL 01$2012 yd Bg wkqnoaOj úúO wud;HdxY úiska wdrïN lrk ,o .%du ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍu wrnhd ksl=;a l< pl%f,aL yd fmdÿ Wmfoia mßYS,kh lsÍfïoS meyeos,s jk fmdÿ idOlh jkafka m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s jvd;a ck;d iyNd.S;ajhlska isÿlsÍug rch wruqKq lr we;s njhs' úfYaIfhka by; 5'2 ys úia;r lrk iyNd.S;aj uÜgï w;=ßka 5 jk uÜgu tkï l%shdldrlï yd ne÷Kq iyNd.S;aj uÜgfï isg 7 jk uÜgu jk iajhx icSúlrK uÜgu olajd jvd;a m%cd md,khlska hq;a m%cd jHdmD;slrKhla rch wfmaCId lrhs' tfy;a l%shd;aul iajrEmh ;=< tu wruqK ta wfmaCIs; whqßkau ioaNdjfhka bgq fkdjk nj m%dfhda.sl i;Hhls' iuyr m%cd jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul lsÍug wod< wfmaCIs; ;;a;ajh yd m%dfhda.sl ;;a;ajh w;r mr;rhla mj;S' tu mr;rh wvqù m%dfhda.sl ;;a;ajh wfmaCIs; ;;a;ajhg wdikak jkjd fjkqjg wfmaCIs; ;;a;ajfhka wE;a ùula l%ñlj isÿjk nj j¾;udkfha úoHudk jk lK.dgqodhlu ;;ajh nj lsj hq;=uh'

7'1 m%cd jHdmD;s bgqlsÍfïoS wfmaCIs; ;;a;ajh yd m%dfhda.sl ;;a;ajh w;r mr;rhka we;sjk wjia:d 7'1'1 m%cd jHdmD;s y÷kd.ekSu wfmaCIs; ;;ajh jHdmD;s y÷kd.ekSfï isg ie,iqï lsÍu" l%shd;aul lsÍu" wëCIKh" miqúmrï" l<ukdlrKh yd kv;a;=j hk ish¨u woshrhka i|yd m%cdjf.a iDcq odhl;ajh ,efnk m%cdjg jvd;a wjYH jHdmD;s w;=ßka m%uqL;d wkqms<sfj,ska m%cdjg w;HjYH jHdmD;sh y÷kd.; hq;= nj wfmaCId flf¾' tfia y÷kd.kakd jHdmD;sh i|yd wd.ñl kdhlhska" m%dfoaYSh foaYmd,k ksfhdacs;hska" m%cd uQ, ixúOdkj, kdhlhska" iafõÉPd ixúOdk j, ksfhdacs;hka" .%dóh uÜgfï ish¨ rdcH ^fCIa;%& ks,OdÍkaf.a ks¾foaY ,ndf.k m%dfoaYSh f,alï úiska osia;%sla f,alï fj; wkque;shg fhduql< hq;= nj wfmaCId flf¾' úfYaIfhka jHmD;s msßjefhka 25] l Wmßu m%cd odhl;ajhla ,nd.ekSu flfryso ie,ls,su;a fõ' m%dfhda.sl ;;a;ajh .%du ks,OdÍ jiï uÜgñka isák ixj¾Ok ks,OdÍka wfmaCIs; mßos m%cdjf.a wjYH;djhka wkqms<sfj,ska fm,.iajkq ,enQjo" m%foaYfha m%dfoaYSh foaYmd,k n,h fydnjk foaYmd,k ksfhdacs;hkaf.a wdYs¾jdoh u; f;dard.kakd jHdmD;sh l=ulao hkak fndfyda úg ;SrKh fõ' m%cdjg jvd;a wjYH jHdmD;sh fjkqjg foaYmd,k Wjukdj u; f;dard.;a jHdmD;sh ls%hd;aul lsÍug m%cd odhl;ajh ,nd.ekSu ÿIalr jk neúka fndfyda úg 25] m%cd odhl;ajh ,nd.ekSu o ÿIalr jk w;r" wdrïNfha m%cd odhl;ajh wfmaCId l< o miqj jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul jk úg pl%f,aL Wmfoia u`.skau m%cd odhl;ajh wfydais lrk wjia:d we;' ksjdi yd iuDoaê wud;HdxY f,alïf.a 2015'07'21 oske;s MSH/RD/UDP/2015 wxl ork ,smsh u`.ska osk ishfha úfYaI jevigykg wkqnoaO .ï 15000 la k`.d isgqùfï jevigyfkys ^2015& m%cd odhl;ajh w;yer jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍug wjir oSu ksoiqkla f,i oelaúh yel' 27

7'1'2 jHdmD;s wkqu; lsÍu wfmaCIs; ;;a;ajh y÷kd.;a jHdmD;s w;=ßka oS¾> ld,hla bgq fkdù mej;s m%cdjf.a jeä msßilg m%;s,dN ,efnk w;HjYH fukau wju rcfha odhl;ajhla yd Wmßu m%cd odhl;ajhla iys; jHdmD;sh .%dóh uÜgfï lñgqfõ ks¾foaY iys;j m%dfoaYSh f,alï úiska osia;%sla f,alï fj; fhduqlr mQ¾j wkque;sh ,nd .; hq;= njg wfmaCId flf¾' m%dfhda.sl ;;a;ajh by; wfmaCIs; ;;a;ajh wkqju jHdmD;s wkqu; jk wjia:d ;snqK o" nyq,j isÿjkafka m%dfoaYsh foaYmd,k ksfhdacs;hkaf.a ks¾foaYh u; wdKavq mCIfha wdik ixúOdhljrekaf.a wkque;sh ,nk jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍug ks,OdÍkag isÿùuhs' m%dfoaYSh fyda osia;%sla iïnkaëlrK lñgqfõ wkque;sh ,nd.eksug wod< jHdmD;s bosßm;a lsÍfuka fmr lS foaYmd,k n,mEug ks, ;;a;ajhla ,ndoSug fndfydaúg lghq;= lrkq oelsh yel' 7'1'3 jHdmD;s ie,iqï lsÍu wfmaCIs; ;;a;ajh jHdmD;s ie,iqï lsÍfïoS m%cdjf.a yd m%cd kshuqjkaf.a iDcq woyia ,nd.ekSu l< hq;= nj;a ta woyia yd fhdackd wkqj ie,iqï yd weia;fïka;= ielish hq;= nj;a ta wkqj Y%ufhka fyda øjHuh jYfhka m%cdjf.a odhl;ajh ,nd.; hq;= jHdmD;s lghq;= l=ulao hkak m%cdjg ksrjq,aj meyeos,s úh hq;= nj;a wfmaCIs; ;;ajh fõ' m%dfhda.sl ;;a;ajh jHdmD;s ie,iqï lsÍfïoS m%cdjf.a woyia hï muKlg ie,ls,a,g .;a;o m%Odk jYfhka m%foaYfha foaYmd,k ksfhdacs;hkaf.a woyia m%uqL fõ' .%dóh ud¾. ixj¾Ok jHdmD;shl oS ud¾.fha ixj¾Okh l< hq;= iSudjka ;SrKh lrkafka fndfydaúg m%cdj 28

fkdj foaYmd,k ksfhdacs;hka ùu óg ksoiqkls' foaYmd,k ueosy;aùï fkdjqjo ld¾h nyq,;dj jeks úúO fya;= u; ks,OdÍka úiska o jHdmD;s ie,iqï lsÍfïoS m%cd woyia u`.yÍ' ksoiqkla f,i ud¾. ixj¾Ok jHdmD;shloS wod< ud¾.h iq`M j¾IdjloS mjd c,hg hgjk nj fkdokakd ;dCIK ks,Odßhd jHdmD;sh ie,iqï lsÍfïoS jer .ekajQ fldkal%SÜ fjkqjg idudkH fldkal%SÜ ñY%K ks¾foaY lsÍu óg losu ksoiqkls' túg ud¾.fha l,ameje;au wvqù jHdmD;sh wid¾:l fõ' by; fohdldrfhkau isÿjk fodaI ksid jHdmD;shg uyck iyNd.S;ajhla ,nd .ekSu wmyiqfõ' 7'1'4 m%cd jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu wfmaCIs; ;;a;ajh wod< jHdmD;s n, m%foaYfha iqÿiqlï imqrd bosßm;a jk m%cd mdol ixúOdkh úiska jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍug n,h fok rdcH wdh;kh iu. .súiqï .; ù jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul l< hq;= nj wfmaCId flf¾' úfYaIfhka jHdmD;shg wjYH wruqo,a yd m%cd odhl;ajh wod< m%cd mdol ixúOdkh ;=<skau fyda ixúOdkfha idudcslhska yryd imhd .ekSug fuu`.ska n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' m%cdjf.a jHdmD;sh m%cdj úiskau bgq lsÍu ksid ndysr md¾Yjfha oeä wëCIKhla wjYH fkdjk neúka Wiia m%ñ;shlska jHdmD;sh ksu fj;ehs wfmaCId flf¾' fuu wfmaCIs; whqßkau jHdmD;s bgqjk wjia:d b;d l,d;=rlska .%dóh m%foaYj, oS w;aoelsh yelsfõ' m%dfhda.sl ;;a;ajh m%dfhda.sl ;;a;ajh wfmaCIs; ;;a;ajhg yd;amiskau fjkia iajrEmhla .kakd w;r we;eï úg jHdmD;s wruqKq ì| jefgkafka fuu woshf¾oSh' fndfydaúg j¾;udkfha wm olsk m%cd mdol ixúOdk ;j;a wdldrhl .%dóh foaYmd,k YdLd iñ;s úfYaIhla jeksfõ' m%dfoaYSh foaYmd,k ksfhdacs;hkaf.a ks¾foaYh u; jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍug f;dard.kakd m%cd mdol ixúOdkh úiska jHdmD;s .súiqï w;aika l< o jHdmD;Sh l%shd;aul 29

lrkafka wod< iñ;sh úiska fkdfõ' ta fjkqjg foaYmd,k fyda fjk;a ys;j;alï u; y÷kd.;a ndysr fldka;%d;alrejkag iñ;sh fjkqfjka jHdmD;shg wruqo,a fhdod l%shd;aul lsÍfï j.lSu wkHdldrfhka mjrd foa' fkdtfiakï 01$2012 pl%,aLh u`.ska fkdl< hq;= hehs olajd we;s Wmfldka;%d;a ,ndoSu ;srh msgqmi isÿfõ' túg jHdmD;sh bgq lrkafka iñ;sfha wruqo,a fhdod iñ;sfha idudcslhka úiska fkdj wod< ks, fkd,;a Wmfldka;%d;a lref.a mqoa.,sl wruqo,a iy Tyqf.a l=,S lrejka fhdod.ksñks' tysoS m%cd iyNd.S;ajh ,nd .ekSu b;d ÿIalr jk w;r" fhdok wruqo,a i|yd ,dN wfmaCIdfjka jHdmD;sfha m%ñ;sh wj m%udKh lsÍu;a ksis wëCIKhla fkdue;s ùu fya;=fjka jHdmD;s .=Kd;auh yd ksudj ms<sn| .eg¨ we;sùu;a fkdje<elaúh yelsfõ' j¾;udkfha m%cd mdol ixúOdkhka úiska bgqlrk jHdmD;sj, m%ñ;sh" .=Kd;aul ;;a;ajh yd l,ameje;au ms<sn| fmdÿ iudch ;=< mj;skafka fyd| u;hla fkdfõ' tfiau .%dóh iudch ;=< mj;sk wd¾Ól os<s÷;djh fya;=fjka m%cd mdol ixúOdk j,g iajlSh wruqo,a iïmdokh lr.ekSuo wNsfhda.hla jk neúka fuu whym;a ;;a;ajh ;jÿrg;a j¾Okh úh yel' 7'1'5 jHdmD;s i|yd f.ùï lsÍu wfmaCIs; ;;a;ajh kshñ; f,i .súiqï ld,h ;=< wjika lrk m%cd jHdmD;s i|yd f.ùï lsÍug wod< ì,am;a m%cd mdol ixúOdkh úiska ilia fldg .súiqï w;aika l< rdcH wdh;k fj; bosßm;a l< hq;=h' fN!;sl ñkqïj, ksrjoH;djh yd .=Kd;aul m%ñ;sh ms<sn| jHdmD;sh wëCIKh l< ;dCIK ks,OdÍ ks¾foaY u; jHdmD;s ì,am;a jákdlñka 10] l uqo,la /|jqï f,i ;ndf.k b;sß uqo,a fldka;%d;a iñ;sh fj; f.jkq ,efí'

jHdmD;s ksul< osk isg udi 06 l ld,hla jHdmD;sh miq úmrï lr boslsÍï fodaI fkdue;s njg ,efnk ;dCIK ks,OdÍ ks¾foaY u; mokïj 10] /|jqï uqo,a fldka;%d;a iñ;shg f.ùï lrkq ,nhs' fldka;%d;a iñ;sh jHdmD;sh bgq lsÍu ;=<ska Wmhd.kakd uq¿ uqo,ska 1] ;a 5] ;a w;r" uqo,la iñ;sfha .sKqu ;=< r|jdf.k b;sß uqo,a jHdmD;s msßjeh fjkqfjka oerE úhoï mshùug f.jkq ,nhs' jHdmD;sfha uq¿ m%cd odhl;ajh 20] la blaujd hk úg 1] uqo,la o jHdmD;sfha m%cd odhl;ajh 20] jvd wvqjk úg 5] uqo,la o" jHdmD;s jákdlñka iñ;sh ;=< r|jd.kS' th iñ;sfha wkd.; uQ,H ia:djr;ajh fjkqfjks' m%dfhda.sl ;;a;ajh wfmaCIs; ;;a;ajh f,i by; ú.%y l< ;;a;ajhg wkqj fndfyda ÿrg iurEmS m%dfhda.sl ;;ajhka m%cd jHdmD;s i|yd f.ùï lsÍfïoS isÿjk nj" neÆ ne,aug fmfkk lreKls' tfy;a tu l%shdj,sh ;=< ¥IKhg ux ;kk" úúO wvq ¨yq~qlï mj;S' jHdmD;sh wjidkfha f.ùï ,nd .ekSug wjYH ì,am;a fldka;%d;a iñ;sh úiska ilialr bosßm;a l< hq;= jqjo" fndfyda ÿrg tu ì,am;a ilia lrkq ,nkafka jHdmD;sh wëCIKh l< ;dCIK ks,OdÍka jk w;r" th tu ks,OdÍka w,a,ig" ¥IKhg fmd<Ujk wjia:djla f,i y÷kdf.k we;' fndfyda fldka;%d;a iñ;sj, ks,OdÍ uKav,h l%shdYS,S jkafka jHdmD;sh i|yd .súiqï w;aika lsÍu yd jHdmD;sfha f.ùï fplam;a udrelr ks, fkd,;a Wm fldka;%d;alrejkag uqo,a ,ndoSu wdoS ;u w;aika fhdod ;yjqre l< hq;= ld¾hhka iaj,amhlg muKs' ta iEu wjia:djloSu iñ;s ks,OdÍkag Wm fldka;%d;a lref.a ikaf;daIï uqo,a ,efnk nj tu ks,OdÍka fyd|ska okS' flfia fj;;a f.ùï lsÍfïoS jHdmD;sfha .=Kd;aulNdjh ;yjqre lr .ekSug fndfyda rdcH wdh;k fï jk úg mÍCIKd.dr jd¾;d ,nd .ekSug lghq;= lsÍu m%ixYkSh nj i|yka l< hq;=h'

7'1'6 miq úmru yd kv;a;=j wfmaCIs; ;;a;ajh wod, m%cd jHdmD;sh ksuùfuka miq tu jHdmD;sfha Ndrldr;ajh oeßh yels iqÿiq wdh;khlg tys j.lSu yd kv;a;=j mejÍug lghq;=l< hq;= w;r" jHdmD;s wruqKq bgqjk whqßka uyckhdf.a m%dfhdackh" iqn isoaêh i|yd tu m%;s,dN wkd.; mrmqrg /l oSu tu mejreï,dNS wdh;kfha j.lSu fõ' m%dfhda.sl ;;a;ajh uyck;djg w;HjYH m%cd jHdmD;shla wjidkfha ,efnk ks¾ñ;" fmdÿ foam, ms<sn| fmdÿ ye.Sï fmr oeßj uyckhd úiska ixj¾Okh lrñka m%fhdackhg .kakd wjia:d m%dfhda.sljo oelsh yelsh' ksoiqkla f,i ëjr m%cdjg wjYH m%cd Yd,djla wod< ëjr iñ;sh ueosy;a ùfuka boslr c, úoq,s ì,am;a f.jñka kv;a;= lr mj;ajdf.k hk ëjr iñ;s m%dfhda.slj j¾;udkfha l%shd;aul fjñka mj;S' tfy;a m%cd jHdmD;s wjidkfha ks¾udKh jk f.dvke.s,s kv;a;=j yd mj;ajdf.k hEu rdcH wdh;kj,g wu;r jeh nrla jQ wjia:d o mj;S' flfia jqjo wm rfÜ fmdÿ foam< wdrCId lsÍu ms<sn| fmdÿ yeÕSu wfmaCIs; uÜgu j¾Okh ù ke;s nj fmdÿ foam< iïnkaOj fmdÿ ck;djf.a p¾hdj wOHhkh lrk ´kEu wfhl=g meyeos,s jk w;r" fmdÿ foam< /l .ekSu ms<sn| nrm;, iudc l;sldjka wjYH hq.hls fï' fmdÿ foam< fmdÿ wruqo,a ms<sn| ÿ¾j, wdl,amhla iudch ;=< mej;Su w,a,i" ¥IKh yd kdia;sh by< hdugo m%n, fya;=jlaj mj;S'

idrxYh by; lreK wkqj meyeos,sjkafka by< m%cd iyNd.S;aj uÜgula wfmaCId l< o" m%dfhda.slj th tfia isÿfkdjk njhs' wfmaCIs; ;;a;ajh ;=< m%cd jHdmD;s y÷kd.ekSu" wkqu; lsÍu" l%shd;aul 32

lsßu" wëCIKh yd miq úmru wdoS ish¨ m%Odk ld¾hhkaj,oS m%cdjf.a by< iyNd.S;ajhka wfmaCId flf¾' jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul lrk m%cd mdol ixúOdkfha idudcsl;ajh orkafka;a jHdmD;s n, m%foaYfha m%;s,dNS ck;dju neúka jvd;a fyd| m%cd iyNd.S;ajhla ;=<ska .=Kd;aul ksudjla wfmaCId flf¾' jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul lsÍfïoS jHdmD;s msßjefhka 20] la fyda 25] la m%cd odhl;ajhla f,i y÷kd.ekSfuka jHdmD;sh uQ,Hkh lsÍugo m%cdj odhl jk njg wfmaCId lrk w;r th by; 4 rEmfha oelafjk iajhx icSúlrK uÜgug wdikak m%cd iyNd.S;ajh iys; m%cdjf.a md,khg k;=jQ jHdmD;s w;aoelSula njg m;ajkq we;ehs wfmaCId l< yelsh' tfiau jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍug rcfhka ,efnk uqo,aj,ska 1];a 5] ;a w;r m%;sY;hla m%cd mdol ixúOdk ;=< r|jd .ekSug kshu lsÍu" wkd.; jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍug wjYH uQ,H Yla;sh l%udkQl+,j m%cdj ;=< j¾Okh lsÍfï ;sridr mshjrla o fõ'

rEmh 5 33

m%cd jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍfïoS m%cd iyNd.S;ajh id¾:l lr .ekSu i|yd m%cdjf.a wjOdkhg fhduqúh hq;= lreKq

m%cd jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍfïoS m%cd iyNd.S;ajh wju uÜgul mj;sk úg ^fkdtfiakï m%cdjf.a md,khlska f;drj isÿjk úg& isÿjk m%Odk;u wjdish jkafka jHdmD;shg fjka l< fmdÿ wruqo,a 100] lau jHdmD;sh i|yd fkdfhoùuhs' tkï w,a,i" ¥IKh yd kdia;sh f,i tlS fmdÿ wruqo,a m%cdjg wysñ ùuhs' fuu ;;a;ajh meyeos,s lsÍug ckjyf¾ m%lg Wmud l;djla Tng bosßm;a lrñ'

8'1 iQáxf.a kHdh óg jir 50 lg 60 lg fmr tla;rd .%dóh m%foaYhl j;a fmdfydi;alï iys; uqo,d,s uy;ajre fofofkl= cSj;a úh' jHdmdr lsÍfïoS we;sjQ ;r.h fya;=fjka fï fofokd w;r fyd| ys;la fkdùh' fï fofokd w;ßka ndfrdx uqo,d,sf.a ksjfia rd;%S idohla iQodkï lr wjg .ïj, isá Tyqf.a ñ;=rkag yd ys;j;=kag wdrdOkd flßK' fï nj wdrxÑ jQ f.daßx uqo,d,s B¾IHdfjka l,a.; lrkakg jQ w;r fuu idoh i|yd fldmuK msßila meñfKkafka oehs yd ta ljqrekaoehs hkak oek .ekSug Tyqg uy;a ´kElula we;súh' ta wkqj f.daßx ;u ióm;u fiajlhl= jQ iQáx le|jd rdcldßhla mejÍh' f.daßx uqo,d,s -

iQáx WU okakjo wo ndfrdx uqo,d,sf.a f.or f,dl= idÊchla ;sfhk nj @ wo yekaolf¾ WU ta me;a;g .sysx ndfrdx uqo,d,sf.a f.or ;sfhk ta idcafcg —ñksiaiq˜ lS fofkla tkjdo lsh,d n,, jfrka fyd| o@

iQáx - fyd|uhs uqo,d,s 34

;u rdcldßh fyd`Èka wid oek.;a iQáx" ndfrdx uqo,d,sf.a ksji msysá biõjg meñK Tyqg mjrk ,o rdcldßh .ek l,amkd lrkakg úh' ;rul fjkia l,amkd iys; pß;hla jQ iQáx mjrk ,o ld¾hh bgq lsÍug wmQre Wmdhla l,amkd lf<ah' ta wkqj idoh i|yd wuq;a;ka meñfKk fõ,dj wdikak jk úg iQáx l%shd;aul úh' ndfrdx uqo,d,sf.a ksji foig jeà we;s ud¾.fha jx.=jla we;s ia:dkhl mdr ueoska ;rul f,dl= .,a f.ähla ;enQ iQáx wi, m÷rla ,Õ ieÕù n,d isákakg úh' yekaoEfõ yf;a lksiug wdikak ù we;s fudfydf;a idoh i|yd wdrdê; wuq;a;ka tld fokakd meñfKkakg úh' iuyreka yq¿ w;= w,a,df.k meñKsh;a fndfyda fokd hdka;ï we;s i| t<sfha wdf,dalfhka ud¾.h y÷kdf.k .uka lf<ah' i;=gq idñÑ l:d ueo meñfKk fndfyda .eyeKqka yd msßñka mdr ueo iQáx ;nd we;s l¨ ., fkdÿgq w;r Tjqka tys meg,S jefgkakg .sh w;r ;j;a whf.a mdo .f,a yemSfuka iq¿ jYfhka iSÍï ;=jd, o isÿúh' ta yeu wjia:djloSu Tjqka úúO m%;spdr olajkakg isÿúh' wuq;a;d 1 - —ljqo ukao fï ., mdr ueo ;sh, ;sfhkafka˜ wuq;a;d 2 - —whsfhda ll=, ;=jd,;a Wkd fkao @ fudk nQrefjlao fï ., mdr ueoska ;sífí'˜ wuq;a;d 3 - —n,kakfld fuÉpr f,dl= idÊc odk ndfrdx ldrhg mdfr ;sfhk fï ., whska lrkak neß jqkdfka˜ wuq;a;d 4 - —y;a fohshfka fï ndfrdx ldrh wmsj urkako fldfyo fï idÊfcg wdrdOkd fldr,d ;sfhkafka˜ wuq;a;d 5 - —wfka wïum fï ., ;shdmq tld wyqjqfkd;ska ''''''''''˜ 35

Wmqgd .ekSu isâks udlia vhiaf.a —cSjk kqjK˜ lD;sfhks

.f,a md yemqKq fndfyda fokd by; mßos l=uk fyda m%;spdrhla olajd ;u flaka;sh msg lr idoh fj; md ke.+ w;r" mdr ueoska .,la we;s nj oek hdka;ug tys fkd.eà fíreKq lsysm fofkl=o úúO m%;spdr olajkakg úh' wuq;a;d 6 - —yfmdhs fyd| fj,djg oelafla ke;akï biamsß;df, ;uhs kj;skak fjkafka˜ wuq;a;d 7 - —we;s hdka;ug fíreKd' fudk ó yrflla fï mdr ueo .,la ;síno ukao @˜ m÷rlg ieÕù isá iqáx" fydard tlyudrla muK fï ish¨ m%;spdr fyd|ska wid isáfhah' ;j;a wuq;a;ka meñfKk fiahdjla fkdue;s ;ek iQáx ;u ldßh ksujd hkakg ieriqKs' ;jÿrg;a mdr ueo ;enQ ., ;sfnkakg bv yeÍfuka" uÿ ú;skao imsß idoh ksujd tk msßia uy;a lrorhlg uqyqK fokq we;ehs l,amkd l< iQáx" msgj hdug fmr mdf¾ ;enQ ., t;kska bj;g úislrkakg mßiaiï úh'

f;dr;=re;a /f.k iQáx meñfKk f;la ;u ksjfia ñoqf,a ilauka lrñka fkdbjis,af,ka n,d isá f.daßx uqo,d,s wE; ;shdu iQáx y÷kd .;af;ah' f.daßx uqo,d,s -

yß nß .eys .eys bkafk ke;sj blaukg jfrx iqáx

mh blauka lr meñKS iQáx f.daßx uqo,d,s bosßfha y;s wßkakg úh' f.daßx uqo,d,s - wehs ñksfyda f.d¨ fj,do @ WU fyd,auklg nh Wkdo @ blaukg lshdmsh idÊfcg ñksiaiq lS fofkla wdjo lsh, f.daßx uqo,d,sf.a fmfr;a;h u; y;s wßñka isá iQáx ms<s;=re fokakg úh' iQáx -

idÊfcg tl ukqiaifhlaj;a wdfj kE uqo,d,s' wmrdfo uqo,d,s l,n, jqfka'

iQáxf.a ms<s;=frka f.daßx uqo,d,s fyd|gu úCIsma; úh' uq¿ .ugu wefykak hlv láka isxÿ ;eá jdokh lrñka meje;afjk idohlg lsis ukqiaihl= meñK fkdue;s nj lSfuka iQáx flfrys f.daßx uqo,d,sf.a fldamh weúiafikakg úh' f.daßx uqo,d,s -

we;a; lshmx iQáx" WU ux lshdmq ldßh fldf,a kE fkao fnd, @ WU weâäxf.a rd fmd,g fkao fnd, .sfha @

iQáx -

wfka äx.s;a;la bji, bkak uqo,d,s uu Tn;=ud lshmq yßh ;uhs fñ fuÉpr fj,d fldf,a' ux meyeos,s lr, fokakï bji, bkak' 37

ndfrdx uqo,d,sf.a idohg tk ñksiqkaf.a mfha .efgk f,i l`M .,la ;enQ nj;a tys mh yemqKq ñksiqka yd bka fíß .sh ñksiqka l< lS oE;a iQáx f.dßx uqo,d,sg úia;r lrkakg úh' uqo,d,so oEia whdf.k iQáxf.a Wcdre l:dj widf.k isáfhah' wjidkfha iQáx ish mÍCIKfha ks.ukh fufiaa bosßm;a lrkakg úh' iQáx -

b;sx uqo,d,s lSfofklaf. ll=f,a Th ., yemqko @ lS fofkla 99 ka fíreKd o@ ta;a yefudau nek nek .shd ñila tflla l,amkd fld,do fï ., wfka ;j tfllaf.a ll=f, jeos, ;=jd,hla fjhs" ta ksid fïl mdfrka whska fldrkakg ´kE lsh,d' kE t;k tflla ysáfh kE ta ., mdfrka whska lrkak ;rx ys;la mmqjla ;sfhk ñksfyla' b;sx tlhs uqo,d,s uu lsõfõ ta idÊfcg tl ukqiaifhla j;a wdfõ kE lsh,'

ish,a, fyd|ska wjfndaO lr.;a f.daßx uqo,d,s iQáxf.a lrg w;;a oudf.k ksji ;=<g .sfha ndfrdx f.a idofha wruqK lv jQ njg jQ Ñ;a; m%S;sfhks' .%du ixj¾Okh i|yd m%cd iyNd.S;ajfha jeo.;alu ms<sn| .eUqre o¾Ykhla by; Wmud l;dfõ igyka ù we;s nj Tng meyeos,s jkq we;' tkï ;u m%.;sfha udj; wjqrd we;s úúO ndOl bj;a lsÍfï iqúfYaIS j.lSula m%cdjg we;s njhs'

8'2 m%cd iyNd.S;ajh id¾:l lr .ekSu i|yd m%cdjf.a wjOdkhg fhduqúh hq;= lreKq úfYaIfhka m%cd jHdmD;s wruqKq id¾:l lr .ekSug kï jvd;a mq`M,a mrdihl m%cd iyNd.S;ajhla mej;sh hq;= w;r" ta i|yd m%cdj ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq ielúka my; olajd we;' 1.

rcfha fmdÿ wruqo,a Ndú;d fldg l%shd;aul lrk m%cd jHdmD;s j,g wod< kS;s Í;s yd fr.=,dis mss<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu'

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍfïoS m%cd odhl;ajh ,ndosh yels wdldrh wjfndaO lr .ekSu' ;u .u ;=< we;s m%cd wjYH;d ms<sn| fyd| wjfndaOhla yd mQ¾j iQodkula ,nd .ekSu' m%cd jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lrk rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk wdh;kj, f;dr;=re ms<sn| oekqïj;a ùu' m%cd jHdmD;s l%shd;aul l< yels Yla;su;a m%cd ixúOdk f.dv k`.d .ekSu' l=vd mßudK .%dóh ud¾." f.dvke.s,s wdoS boslsÍï j,g wod, ;dCIKsl m%ñ;s ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu' fmdÿ wruqo,a Ndú;d lr bgqlrk jHdmD;sj,oS isÿjk kdia;sh yd ¥IKh ms<sn| yd ;dCIKsl m%ñ;sj,g wod< .eg¨ ms<sn| meñKs,s l< hq;= rdcH wdh;k iïnkaOfhka wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu' fmdÿ foam< wdrCId lsÍu ms<sn| fmdÿ yeÕSu wjfndaO lr .ekSu'

8'3 m%cd iyNd.s;ajfha jeo.;aalu úoaj;a weiska mqrjeishd ;uka cSj;ajk jgmsgdfõ isÿjk iudc wd¾Ól foaYmd,k l%shdldrlï i`oyd jvd;a ixúOdkd;aul yd iduQysl m%h;akhla ;=<ska m%;spdr oelaùfï jeo.;alu y÷kd .ekSug my;ska oelafjk f,dj m;< jels Tng WmldÍ jkq we;' •

—f,dj ;=< Tn hï fjkila wfmalaId lrkafkakï" m<uqj tu fjki Tn ;=< we;slr .kak'˜ ^uy;aud .dkaê&

•

—tlaùu hkq mgka .ekauhs' tlaj mej;Su hkq wNsjDoaêhhs' tlaj jev lsÍu hkq iuDoaêhhs'˜ ^fykaß f*da¾â&

•

—;sridr;ajhg fodrgqj m%cdjhs'˜ ^chó fcrdâ&

•

—mej;sh hq;af;a n,;=,khla fkdj n, m%cdjls ¦ ixúOdkd;aul .egqï fkdj ixúOdkd;aul iduhls'˜ ^jqâfrda ú,aika& 39

•

—wm yefudau ;rï wm lsisjl= oCI ke;'˜ ^flka í,kapd¾â&

•

—wm ish¨ fokdu tlg t,af,uq" ke;fyd;a wmg ;ks ;ksj t,af,kakg isÿjkq we;'˜ ^fnkacñka *a?kala,ska&

•

—th Tnu l< hq;=h' Tng th ;ksj l< fkdyelsh'˜ ^ksÉ keÜ yeka.a&

•

—ieu m%cdjlu l< hq;= ld¾hhka /ila we;' iEu rglu iqjl< hq;= fõokd /ila we;' iEu yoj;lu th lsÍug Yla;shla we;'˜ ^uershdfka ú,shïika&

•

—;ukaf.a iyNd.S;ajfhka .;a ;SrK l%shdjg ke`.Sug ñksiqka jeä m%jK;djla olajhs'˜ ^l¾Ü f,úka&

•

—wmg l< yels foa;a" wm lrk foa;a w;r fjki f,dal m%YaK fndfyduhla úi|Sug iu;ah'˜ ^uy;aud .dkaê&

•

—¥ro¾YS lemùulska hq;a l=vd lKavdhulg f,dalhu fjkia lsÍug yelsh' we;a; jYfhkau fuf;la tjka fjkia lï ù we;af;a tfiau muKs'˜ ^ud.rÜ uelaweâ&

•

—ug fuh l<yels hehs uu úYajdi lrñ' tu ksidu th lsÍug yelshdj uu wksjd¾hfhkau ,nd .ksñ'˜ ^uy;aud .dkaê&

•

—Tn fjkqfjka Tfí rg l<hq;= foa fkdj" Tfí rg fjkqfjka tluq;=j Tn l<hq;= foa úuikak'˜ ^fcdaka t*a flkä&

•

—TEAM - Together Everyone Archieves More / iefjdu tlajQ úg ,efnk foa fndfydah'˜ ^l¾;D w{d;hs&

9' l=vd mßudK m%cd jHdmD;sj,g wod< ;dCIKsl m%ñ;s lsysmhla 9'1 fldkal%SÜ i|yd Ndú;d lrk ñY%K wkqmd; fY%aKsh isfuka;s je,s .,a .,l ;ru 25N/mm2 1 : 1½ : 3 (19.0 mm) 20N/mm2 1 : 2 : 4 (19.0 mm) ^mm= ñ,s óg¾$ N= ksõgka$ N/mm2= j¾. ñ,s ógrhg ksõgka&

9'2 fldkal%SÜ i|yd Ndú;d jk wuqøjH .ek ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq • • • •

msßisÿ uv ñY% ù ke;s .f`.a je,s f;dard .; hq;=h' ta i|yd ridhkd.dr jd¾;djla ,nd .ekSu isÿ l< yelsh' .,a f;dard .ekSfïoS tu .,a ksjeros ;ru (size tl) ;sfíoehs ne,sh hq;=h' tkï .,a j¾. f,i ¾, ½ wdoS f,ihs ^20mm, 12.5mm& Y%S ,xldfõ m%ñ;s iy;sl we;s isfuka;s f;dard .; hq;=hs' fldkal%SÜ i|yd c,h Ndú;dfõoS ta i|yd msßisÿ c,h Ndú;d lsÍug j.n,d .; hq;=h'

9'3 ud¾. fldkal%SÜ lsÍu ud¾. i|yd wjYH lrk fldkal%SÜ fY%aKsh (Grade) f;dard .ekSfïoS my; i|yka foa ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=h' tkï" • ud¾.fha jdyk Ndú;d jk m%udKh • tu ud¾.h msysá m%foaYfha .xj;=r jeks ;;a;aj we;s jkafkao hkak tkï .xj;=r msgdr uÜgu • ud¾. mdofï we;s Yla;su;a nj

9'4 idudkH ud¾.hla fldkal%SÜ lsÍfïoS ie,lsh hq;= lreKq • •

• • • • • • • •

msysá fmd<j (Sub Grade) fyd|ska ;e,Su l< hq;=h ABC ñY%Kfha >klu ñ,s óg¾ 100 (100mm) ;Ügqjla oud fyd|ska ;e,Su (compact) (ABC fhdod .ekSu fyda tys >klu wjYH;djh wkqj fjkia fõ'& fldkal%SÜ lsÍug m%:u ABC ;Ügqjg Wäka báfld< oeñh hq;=hs' ÿ¾j, mdoula fyda .xj;=r jeks lreKq o mokï lrf.k ta i|yd Ndú;d lrk fldkal%SÜ i|yd lïì Ndú;d l< hq;=h' fldkal%SÜ we;sÍfïoS ta i|yd wä 10 ka 10 g j;a m%idrK uQÜgq (Expantion Join) ;eìh hq;=hs' fldkal%SÜ ñY% lsÍu i|yd ñY%Khla Ndú;d lssÍu jvd;a iqÿiqhs we;sÍfuka wk;=rej fyd|ska iqixykh lsÍu (Pocker) isÿ l< hq;=h' fldkal%SÜ we;srE miq th (Curning) moï lsÍu tkï c,h biSu isÿ l< hq;=h' osk 7 la fyda 14 la j;a th ksjeros wdldrfhka l< hq;=h' jdyk .ukd.ukh o k;r l< hq;=h' fldkal%SÜ ñY%Kh ieliSu i|yd fmÜá Ndú;d lsÍu jvd fhda.H fõ

rEmh 6 42

9'5 fldkal%SÜ idïm,a mÍCId lsÍu •

•

fldkal%SÜ lsÍfuka osk 7 lg miq (Test Cube) fldkal%SÜ idïm,a mÍCId l< hq;=h' ta i|yd Ndú;d lrk fldkal%SÜ fYa%Ksfha 65] la ksjqgka w.hla ;sìh hq;= w;r osk 28 oS 100] ksjqgka w.hla ;sìh hq;=hs'

9'6 ud¾. i|yd fldkal%SÜ l=Üá .,a Ndú;d lsÍu (Interlocking Block Paving)

• • • • • •

;sfnk fmd<j fyd|ska ;e,Su' (Compact lsÍu) ;Ügqjla fhoSu .,a l=vq ;Ügqjla (50 mm j;a ) oud ;e,Su l=Üá .,a we;sÍu fome;af;a fldkal%SÜ Beam 2 oeófïoS th w`.,a 6 la j;a fmd<j hgg oud w`.,a 9 l fldkal%SÜ máh oeñh hq;=h' u;= msg .,a l=vq oud l=yr ;=<g fyd|ska .,a l=vq msrùu' ABC

9'7 l=Üá .,a hq;= lreKq'

(Interlock)

Ndú;d lsÍfïoS ie,ls,su;a úh

ñ,s óg¾ 220 x 110 x 80 m%udKfha .,ls' idudkHfhka ud¾. i|yd Ndú;d lrk j¾.hhs'

rEmh 7 • •

l=Üá .,a j, m%ñ;sh fukau ;ru (size) .ek iy tys yevh .ek ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=hs' .,a j¾.h wkqj wjYH lrk .,a m%udKh fjkia fõ' 43

• • • • •

ta ta ud¾.h wkqj .e<fmk fYa%Ksfha l=Üá .,a f;dard .; hq;=hs' l=Üá .,a j¾. 25N, 40N, 50N f,i Yla;sh wkqj j¾. lr we;' ud¾.fha Ndú;d jk jdyk Odß;dj" nr Odß;dj u; l=Üá .,a j¾.h f;dard .; hq;=h' fldkal%SÜ fyda l=Üá .,a fhdÞ .ekSfïoS úfYaIfhka l=Üá .,a j, meje;au wdrCId lsÍu i|yd bjqr (Shoulder / ud¾. Wrysi& mia msrùu isÿl< hql=h' tfiau .,d tk c,h ud¾.h yryd .,d hdu je<elaùu i|yd ldKq moaO;sh fyd|ska kv;a;= l< hq;=h'

9'8 bÈlsÍï lghq;=j,§ i,ld ne,sh hq;= lreKq lsysmhla •

• • • • • • •

bÈ lsÍï i|yd fhdod.kakd wuqo%jH ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a ùu • ksjerÈ mßudj iys; lÆ.,a f;dard .ekSu • kshñ; mßudjg c,h Wrd .ekSfï yelshdj iys; .fvd,a fhdod .ekSu ^Engineering Bricks& • Y%S ,xldfõ m%ñ;s iy;sl iys; (SLS) isfuka;s Ndú;h • uv" mia rys; .x.d je,s fhdod .ekSu ksjerÈ ñY%K wkqmd; wkq.ukh lsÍu ñY%K i|yd yeuúgu msßisÿ c,h Ndú;d lsÍu kshñ; Yla;sh wdrlaId jk mßÈ fldkal%SÜ ñY% lsÍu" iqixykh lsÍu yd moï lsÍu f.m, mia msrjqï lrkafka kï fyd¢ka ;e,Sug lghq;= lsÍu I jk mka;sfha foaYSh oej ^fldia" f;alal& fyda wdkhksl oej ^;=,dka" n,õ" flïmia& fhdod .ekSu jy,fha wdjrK ;yvq" jeys mS,s ksis m%ñ;sfhka hqla; ùu kdk ldur i|yd iEu úgu m%ñ;s.; Wmdx. Ndú;h (American Standard)

• • 44

wkqu; ghs,a j¾. Ndú;h (Rosel, Lanka Tile) mqyqKq Y%uh fhdod .ekSu yd ksjerÈ wëlaIKh

10' Tnf.a oekqïoSï yd meñKs,s 1' m%dfoaYSh f,alï 2' m%dfoaYSh iNdfõ" k.r iNdfõ iNdm;s fyda uyd k.r iNdfõ k.rdêm;s 3' osia;%sla f,alï $osidm;s 4' osia;%slalfha iyldr m<d;a md,k flduidßia 5' wod< m<df;a m<d;a md,k flduidßia 6' fcHIAG iyldr f,alï ^úu¾Yk& rdcH mßmd,k yd iajfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh fgdßkagka fmfoi fld<U 07 ÿ'l' 0112696211-13" 011 2676433" *elaia 011 2698429

7' w,a,ia fyda ¥IK fpdaokd úu¾Yk fldñIka iNdj wxl 36" u,,fialr udj;" fld<U 07' Hot Line: 1954 ÿ'l' 0112596362" 0112586257

wdY%s; .%ka:" f,aLk yd uQ,dY% 1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

2006 rcfha m%iïmdok ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh 2012'01'05 oske;s" uqo,a yd l%u iïmdok wud;HdxYfha f,alï úiska ksl=;a l< rdcH uqo,a pl%f,aL 01$2012 .%dóh há;, myiqlï ixj¾Ok jevigyk 2016 uefhka cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd wd¾:sl lghq;= wud;HdxYfha f,alï úiska 2016'03'24 osk ksl=;a lrk ,o wxl 02$2016 pl%f,aLh osk 100 úfYaI ixj¾Ok jevigykg iu.dój ksjdi yd iuDoaê wud;HdxYh ksl=;a l< .ï k`.d isgqùfï jevms<sfj, ms<sn| Wmfoia ix.%yh - 2015 wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh ksl=;a l, 2014 j¾Ifha ixj¾Ok jevigyka l%shd;aul lsrSu ms<sn| w;aje, Y%S ,xld c¾uka ixj¾Ok iyfhda.s;djh úiska ksl=;a l< ;sridr ixj¾Okhla Wfoid lafIa;% ks,OdÍ Odß;d m%j¾Ok jevigykg wod< mqyqKq w;afmd; isâks udlia vhia úiska m%;srpkh yd ixialrKh lrk ,o —cSjk kqjK˜ lD;sh' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh yd wkqnoaê; wdh;khkays fjí wvú http://www.unescap.org

uyck uqo,ska l%shd;aul

m%cd jHdmD;s wëCIKhg u`. fmkaùula

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld wxl 5$1" t,snEkala mdr" fld<U 05 ÿrl:k - ^94& 11 4369781 *elaia - ^94& 11 2 501 707 fjí wvúh - www.tisrilanka.org 48