Land Issues [Idam Kadam Denamuthukam] - Tamil

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk; mDruiz

INuhg;gpa xd;wpak;

Kjy; gjpg;G 2012 buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh ,y 6> 37MtJ xOq;if ,uhzp tPjp> nfhOk;G 03 njhiyNgrp: 011 4369781 njhiyefy;: 011 2506419 kpd;dQ;ry;: tisl@tisrilanka.org ISBN: 978-955-1281-53-3 MrpupaH FO: jpU. G. D fPHj;jp fkNf (,yq;if epHthf Nrit) jpU. R .M .S .B ,uj;dhaf;f (,yq;if epHthf Nrit) jpU. E. M .M Vf;fehaf;f (,yq;if epHthf Nrit) jpU. D .A mre;j FzNrfu (,yq;if epHthf Nrit) jpU. S th`ytj;ij (,yq;if epHthf Nrit) jpU. R. A jpyf;fuj;d (,yq;if epHthf Nrit) fhH^d;- jpU. gpay; cja rkutPu gf;f tbtikg;G- jpU. `upj j`ehaf;f ,izg;ghsH- jpU. fahd; ypadNf xOq;fikg;ghsH- jpU. rhe;j FyJq;f

© gjpg;Gupik nfhz;lJ. ,q;F cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fis gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ/ntspapLk; NghJ buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh epWtdj;jpd; vOj;J %ykhd mDkjp ngwg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. gjpg;Gupik: INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; cjtpAld; ,e;j gjpg;G jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j gjpg;gpd; cs;slf;fq;fs; buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fhtpd; jdpg; nghWg;GilajhFk;. ve;jnthU tifapYk; INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; fUj;Jf;fshf fUjg;glf; $lhJ. Disclaimer:

“This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Transparency International Sri Lanka and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.”

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

cs;slf;fk;: fhzp Mizahsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp

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jiytupd; nra;jp - 2 1. fhzp vd;gjid Gupe;J nfhs;Nthk;

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2. nghJ kf;fSf;F kw;Wk; epWtdq;fSf;F fhzpfis gfpHe;jspg;gjpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;Ls;s rl;lq;fs; vit? - 9 3. murpd; fhzpf;fhf toq;fg;gLk; (mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; / fhzp cWjp)

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4. mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; Clhf kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; Clhf fpilj;j fhzpia mgptpUj;jp nra;jy; - 26 5. mDkjpg; gj;jpu gpujpnahd;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy; - 32 6. fhzp cupik khw;wy; (tpw;wy;)> mlF itj;jy;

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7. tho;f;if cupik - 46 8. fhzp msj;jy; - 54 9. fhzpg; gpur;rpid - 61 ,izg;Gf;fs; - 69

fhzp Mizahsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp mur fhzpfis ntFthf gad;gLj;Jgtu;fs; tul;rp epyg;gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; kpfTk; twpa kf;fNsahFk;. mtu;fspd; [PtNdhghak; ngupJk; jq;fpapUg;gJ murhy; toq;fg;gLk; fhzpfspNyahFk;. vdpDk; ,e;j kf;fSf;F fhzp njhlu;ghd tpguq;fspy; ghupa mwptpd;ik fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.mjdhNyNa jkf;F mtrpakhd fhzpfis ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpYk; jkf;F toq;fg;gl;l fhzpfis ghtpg;gjpYk; cupa mwptpd;ik fhuzkhf gy;NtW gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;whu;fs;.,jd; fhuzkhf ,J njhlu;ghd gpur;rpidfis Kuzhd tifapy; mZFtjd; fhuzkhf gy rq;flq;fis vjpu;Nehf;Ftij vkJ mDgtj;jpd; thapyhf fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. njhlu;ghly; mgptpUj;jpapd; fhuzkhf jw;NghJ kf;fSf;F ,yFthf jfty;fis ngw;W nfhs;sf;$bajhf cs;;sJ vdpDk; f~;lg; gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; ,j;jifa Vio kf;fSf;F mj;jifa trjpfs; ,d;Dk; KOikahf nrd;wilatpy;iy.

Clfq;fspd; thapyhf ,jw;fhd tpguk; toq;fg;gl;L ,Ug;gpDk; Vida gpupTfSld; xg;gpLk; NghJ ,j;Jiw ,d;Dk; gpd;jq;fpNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt ,e;j tpguq;fis kpfTk; ruskhd tifapy; Gupe;J nfhs;sj;jf;f tifapy; Kd;itj;J mur fhzpfs; ghtpg;gJ njhlu;ghf njspTWj;Jk; ,e;j ifEhy; fhyj;jpd; Njitahf fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. gy;NtW ru;tNjr njhz;lu; epWtdq;fs; ekJ ehl;bd; mur epu;thfj;jpid gy;NtW tifapy; tpku;rpj;J mjd; Fiw epiwfSf;F Vw;g ehl;bd; epiyia tifg;gLj;jp jkJ Njitfis G+u;j;jp nra;J nfhs;s Jbf;Fk; ,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; ,USf;F xspA+l;Lk; tifapy; buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lu;nerdy; epWtdk; [Nuhg;gpa A+dpadpd; mDruidAld; nraw;gLj;Jk; ,f;fhupak; kpfTk; ghuhl;lj;jf;fjhFk;.,e;j ifEhiy tbtikg;gjw;F mDgtk; kw;Wk; jq;fs; Nkyhu;e;j mwpT Xj;Jiog;gpid toq;fpa ,yq;if epu;thf Nrit mjpfhupfs; mWtUf;Fk; vdJ ghuhl;Ljy;fis njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.,e;j ifEhiy jkpopy; nkhopngau;j;J ntspapl Kide;jpUg;gJ jkpo; NgRk; kf;fSf;F kpfTk; gpuNahrdkhdjhFk;.,j;jifa rpwe;j gzpapid epiwNtw;w Kide;J ,jw;F gq;fspg;G ey;fpa rfyUf;Fk; ,j;jifa Kaw;rpfSf;F nkd;NkYk; rf;jpAk;> ijupaKk; fpl;Ltjw;F gpuhu;j;jpf;fpd;Nwd;.

R.G.R uh[gf;] fhzp Mizahsu; ehafk;

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

1

jiytupd; nra;jp ,e;jg; Gj;jfk; Vd; jahupf;fg;gl;lJ? ,yq;ifauhd vkf;F ,Ug;gJ kpfTk; rpwpa ehlhFk;. ehl;bd; rdj;njhifAld; xg;gpLk; NghJ> vkf;F epyk; vd;gJ ngWkjp kpf;f nrhj;jhFk;. vkJ gz;ghl;bd; mbg;gilapy; epyk; vd;gJ tho;thjhu topahf khj;jpuk; ,y;yhJ> vkf;F r%f mq;fPfhuj;ij ngw;Wj; jUk; xU mk;rkhf cs;sJ. Mdhy;> vkJ ehl;L kf;fspy; ngUk;ghyhdtHfSf;F fhzp njhlHgpy; ,Uf;Fk; newpKiwfs;> rl;lq;fs; Fwpj;J Nghjpa Gupe;JzHT ,y;iy. tpNrlkhf> vkJ ehl;bd; tlkj;jpa> Cth kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhzq;fisr; NrHe;jtHfs; mjpfkhf trpg;gJ murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpfspNyahFk;. murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpia Kfhik nra;tjpy; gy;NtW rl;lq;fs; cs;sd. ,e;j rl;lj;jpd; fPo; nghJkf;fs; jkJ fhzp rhHe;j mur flikfis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;F Njitahd Gupe;JzHT ,d;ikahy;> gy;NtW rpf;fy;fis vjpHNehf;Ffpd;wdH. buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh epWtdk; fle;j fhyj;jpy; Kd;ndLj;j “nghJ kd;wk;” epfo;r;rpfs; gytw;wpy;> nghJkf;fs; vjpHNehf;Fk; gpujhd rpf;fyhf> fhzp rk;ge;jg;gl;l gpur;rpidfs; ntspg;gl;ld. mNjNtis> fhzpfs; njhlHgpy; nghJkf;fSf;F tpopg;GzHtpid Vw;gLj;JkhW gy;NtW epWtdq;fs;> mikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; egHfs; vk;kplk; Nfhupf;if tpLj;jpUe;jdH. mj;Jld;. gpuNjr epHthfj;jpw;F mika fhzpg; gpur;rpidfs; njhlHgpy; ehk; Kd;ndLj;j Ma;Tfspy; nghJkf;fs; Fwpj;j tplak; njhlHgpy; jfty; mwpahjtHfshf cs;sikapd; fhuzkhf> gpur;rpidiaj; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,yQ;rk; toq;f NeHe;jikiaAk; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jdH. ,t;thwhd gy gpur;rpidfisj; jPHg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpapd; xU mq;fkhf ,e;j ifE}y; ntspahfpd;wJ. ,e;j fhzpg; gpur;rpidfis vjpHNehf;fpAs;s ngUk;ghyhd kf;fs; fpuhkg;Gwq;fisr; NrHe;jtHfshf ,Uf;fpd;wikapdhy;> kpfTk; vspa> ruskhd nkhop eilapy; ,e;j ifE}y; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh epWtdj;jpw;fhf ,e;j ifE}y; tbtikg;gpy; mwpTrhH gq;fspg;G toq;fpa ,yq;if epHthf Nrit mjpfhupfshd G. D. fPHj;jp fkNf> R. M. S. B. ,uj;dhaf;f> E. M. M. Vf;fehaf;f> D. A. mre;j FzNrfu> S. th`ytj;ij> R. A. jpyf;fuj;d MfpNahUf;Fk;> rpwe;j fhH^d; rpj;jpuq;fis tiue;J je;Jjtpa gpay; cja rkutPu mtHfSf;Fk;> ,e;j Kaw;rpf;F jkJ caupa gq;fspg;gpid toq;fpa vkJ nraw;FOtpidr; NrHe;j midtUf;Fk; vd;Dila ed;wpfisj; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

M. D. A. n`uy;l;> jiytH> buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh 2 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

1. fhzp vd;gjid Gupe;J nfhs;Nthk;

fhzp vd;gJ ek; midtUf;Fk; ngWkjp kpf;f nrhj;jhFk;. capUf;F mLj;jjhf cyfpy; cs;s midtUk; kjpf;Fk; tplakhf fhzp vd;gJ cs;sJ. mt;thNw fhzp vd;gJ ehshe;jk; ngWkjp mjpfupj;Jr; nry;Yk; xU nrhj;J MFk;. vdNt> fhzp kw;Wk; mJ rk;ge;jg;gl;l rl;ljpl;lq;fis mwpe;J nfhs;tJ kpfTk; gaDs;sjhFk;. Kjyhtjhf> ehk; fhzp xd;wpd; tiffis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;.

jdpahu; fhzp ,tw;iw guk;giu topapy; te;j fhzpfs;> jdpg;gl;l fhzpfs;> epe;j`k; vd;Wk; miog;gH. mj;Jld;> tp`hufk;> Njthyfk; fhzp vdTk; fhzp tiffs; cs;sd.

murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp mjhtJ> ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; cupj;Jila ,lkhFk;.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

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fhzp mgptpUj;jpf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; kw;Wk; mjd; gpd;dH mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l fhzp tpLg;G fl;lisr; rl;lk; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapNyNa fhzpfs; ,t;thW ,uz;L tiffshf gpupf;fg;gl;ld. gpupj;jhdpaupd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,e;j rl;lj;jpd; %yk; ehl;by; ,Ue;j fhzpfs; Fwpj;J tprhuizfs; elj;jg;gl;L> kf;fs; jkJ cupikfis cWjp nra;j fhzpfis jdpahu; fhzpahfTk;> Vidait murhq;f fhzpahfTk; xJf;fg;gl;ld. fhzp vd;gjpy; epyk;> mjw;Fs; mike;Js;s kuq;fs;> jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; fl;llq;fs; vd;gd cs;slq;Ffpd;wd. ,e;j ifE}ypy; ehk; murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp njhlHgpNyNa mjpf ftdk; nrYj;jTs;Nshk;.

1.1 ,e;jf; fhzpfis gpupj;J mwpe;J nfhs;tJ vt;thW? ,q;Fjhd; vkf;F epy msitahsH jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; mtHfsplk; cs;s epy tiuglk; (Plan) vd;gd Kf;fpakhfpd;wd.

fhzpnahd;W jdpahu; fhzpah my;yJ murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpah vd;gjid rupahf milahsk; fhz;gjw;F> Fwpj;j fhzp rk;ge;jg;gl;l tiuglj;jpid Muha;e;J ghHj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. epy tiuglq;fspy; murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp kw;Wk; jdpahH fhzp vd;gd jdpj;jdpahf Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. tiuglj;jpy; xt;nthU fhzp njhlHghd jfty;fSk; njspthf gl;bayplg;gl;bUf;Fk; (fhzpg; gq;Ffspd; gl;bay; my;yJ FbapUg;G gl;bay; (Tenement List)). MdhYk;> rpy fpuhkq;fspy; ,e;j tiuglk; ,Jtiu jahupf;fg;gltpy;iy.

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fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

1.2 mur fhzp kw;Wk; jdpahH fhzp vd;gtw;iw

vt;thW gpupj;J mwpe;J nfhs;tJ?

NkNy tpsf;fpajd; mbg;gilapy; murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp kw;Wk; jdpahH fhzp vd;gtw;iw gpupj;J mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F epy msitahsH jpizf;fsj;jpd; tiuglj;jpid gad;gLj;jyhk;. tiuglj;jpd; Clhf fhzp murhq;fj;jpdjh> jdpahUilajh vd;gjid khj;jpuNk mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. fhzp cupikahsH ahH vd;gjid mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F rk;ge;jg;gl;l fhzp cWjp / mDkjp gj;jpuj;jpid gupNrhjpj;J fz;lwpayhk;. jdpahH fhzpahapd; mjd; nghUl;L nehj;jhup]pdhy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;l fhzp cWjp ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. me;j fhzp cWjp cz;ikahdjh vd;gjid 30 tUlq;fSf;fhd fhzpapd; Fbtop gjpTfis (Pedigree) Muha;tjd; %yk; fz;lwpayhk;. mjd; nghUl;L jFjp tha;e;j nehj;jhup]; my;yJ rl;lj;juzpapd; cjtp mtrpakhFk;. mjw;fhd rl;luPjpahd Mtzq;fs; fhzp cupikahsuplk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld;>mJ khtl;l fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

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ve;jnthU egUk; gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; fhzp cWjpapd; tk;r gjpTfis gupNrhjpj;Jg; ghHf;f KbAk;. jk;kplk; cs;s fhzp rk;ge;jg;gl;l Mtzq;fis gad;gLj;jpNa mjid Kd;ndLf;f KbAk;. cupikahsH my;yhj re;jHg;gj;jpy;> rl;lj;juzp my;yJ nehj;jhup]; xUtupd; cjtp mtrpakhFk;. tk;r gjpTfspd; gpujpfSf;fhf khtl;l gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; Kj;jpiu fl;lzj;ij toq;f Ntz;Lk;. mjid NjLtjw;F ,yFthf ,Ug;gpd; xNu ehspy; G+Hj;jp nra;ayhk;. jk;kplk; cs;s fhzp cWjpapd; efy;gpujpiaAk; gjpthsH jpizf;fsj;jpy; Kj;jpiu fl;lzk; nrYj;jp ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;.

1.3 murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp murhq;f fhzpia gy gFjpfshf gpupf;f KbAk;.

1. gfpHe;jspf;ff; $ba fhzp 2. gfpHe;jspf;f Kbahj fhzp gfpHe;jspf;ff; $ba fhzp vd;why; vd;d vd;gjid Kjypy; ghHg;Nghk;. NtW tpNrl nraw;ghLfSf;fhf xJf;f Kbahj gfpHe;jspg;gjw;F jFjpahd fhzpfNs ,t;thW miof;fg;gLk;. ,it gpuNjr nrayhsupd; nghWg;gpy; ,Uf;Fk; (,it Kd;dH MSeupd; fhzp vd miof;fg;gl;lJ). ,t;thW gfpHe;jspf;ff; $ba fhzpfspy; ngUk;ghyhdit gfpHe;jspf;fg;gl;L tpl;ld. gfpHe;jspf;ff; $ba fhzpfs; rpwpa mstpNyNa vQ;rpAs;sd. murhq;fj;jpd; rhHgpy; ,e;j fhzpfis gfpHe;jspf;ff; $ba gy epWtdq;fs; cs;sd. mtw;wpy; fhzp MizahsH ehafk;> khfhz fhzp MizahsH> gpuNjr nrayhsH> tPlikg;G mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig> efu mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig> ,yq;if kfhtyp mjpfhu rig> fhzp kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FOr; rig Nghd;wit cs;slq;Ffpd;wd.

Mdhy;> NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l mjpfhupfs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fs; midj;Jk; fhzp gfpuy; rl;ljpl;lq;fspd; mbg;gilapNyNa> fhzp gfpHjiy Kd;ndLg;gH. mjw;F ntspNa> jd;dpr;irahf fhzp gfpHe;jspg;gjw;F vtUf;Fk; mjpfhuk; fpilahJ. 6 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

1.4 nghJ fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;sy; nghJf; fhzpfs; vd;gJ nghJ kf;fspd; eyd; fUjp xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,lq;fshFk;. ,tw;iw rl;ltpNuhjkhf ifg;gw;wy; my;yJ jdpahH Njitf;F gad;gLj;jy; vd;gd r%fj;jpw;F tpNuhjkhd nraw;ghlhFk;. mt;thwhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; mjw;F vjpHg;G njuptpg;gJ [dehaff; flikahFk;.

Fwpg;gpl;l tiuglq;fis gupNrhjpj;J> fhzp Fwpj;J eltbf;if vLf;Fk; mjpfhupfis (rdj;njhif fzf;nfLg;G mjpfhup> fpuhk NrtfH) Ma;e;J> Fwpj;j fhzp nghJf; fhzpah vd;gjid mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

nghJf; fhzpfis ghJfhg;gjw;F ePq;fs; mspf;ff; $ba gq;fspg;G: 1. rl;ltpNuhj Mf;fpukpg;ghsHfsplk; ,Ue;J ghJfhg;gjw;F nraw;gly;.

2. rl;ltpNuhj Mf;fpukpg;ghsHfis gpbg;gjw;F my;yJ ,aYkhapd; mtHfis mfw;Wtjw;F murhq;f mjpfhupfSf;F xj;Jiog;G toq;fy;.

3. nghJf; fhzpia ghJfhg;gjw;F murhq;f mjpfhupfSf;F xj;Jiog;G toq;fy;.

1.5 gfpHe;jspf;f Kbahj fhzpfs; vd;git vit? gfpHe;jspf;f Kbahj fhzpfs; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLgit> ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fshFk;. mjhtJ ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;ba> kdpjHfspd;> jdpegHfspd; ghtidf;F toq;f Kbahj my;yJ toq;ff; $lhj ,lq;fshFk;.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

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gfpHe;jspf;f Kbahj ghJfhf;fg;gl gpd;tUkhW tifg;gLj;jg;gLk;:

Ntz;ba

,lq;fs;

1. td tpyq;F ghJfhg;G ,lq;fs; (mghafukhd gFjp / tdtpyq;F ruzhyak;) 2. tdg; ghJfhg;G jpizf;fsj;jpw;F cupj;jhd ,lq;fs; (tdg;gFjp) 3. mfo;thuha;r;rp gFjpfs; / topghl;L jyq;fs; 4. tbfhyikg;G ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; ePH ghrdk; (MW> mUtp> ePH tPo;r;rp> Fsk;) 5. neLQ;rhiyfs; kw;Wk; jz;lthsq;fs; 6. fiuNahu kw;Wk; JiwKfk; 7. ,aw;if tsq;fs; (Fj;Jr; rha;Tldhd fhzp) 8. nghJf; fhzpfs; (nfhy;iyg; Gwk; /tpisahl;L ikjhdk; / kahdk; / neUg;G rpW Jis / fhw;W rpW Jis)

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fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

2.nghJ kf;fSf;F kw;Wk; epWtdq;fSf;F fhzpfis gfpHe;jspg;gjpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;Ls;s rl;lq;fs; vit? murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpfis nghJ kf;fSf;F my;yJ epWtdj;jpw;F rl;luPjpahf toq;Ftjw;F mjpfhuk; toq;Fk; gy rl;lq;fs; cs;sd.

1. fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lk; (L.D.O) 2. mur fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lk; (C.L.O) 3. fhzpr; (tpNrl Vw;ghLfs;) rl;lk;.

4. fhzp kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FOr; rig rl;lk;.

5. Njrpa tPlikg;G mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig rl;lk;.

6. efu mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig rl;lk; 7. khfhz fhzp epajpr; rl;lk;. ,e;j xt;nthU rl;l Vw;ghLfs;> cj;juTfs; kw;Wk; tpjpKiwfspy; me;je;j epWtdq;fs; nghJkf;fSf;F fhzpapid toq;Ftjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; njspthf tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mjdbg;gilapy;> rk;ge;jg;gl;l fl;lisr; rl;lq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Vw;ghLfSf;F mikaNt me;je;j fhzpfs; epHtfpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

2.1 murhq;fj;jpd; rhHgpy; nghJf; fhzpfis

epHtfpf;Fk; gy epWtdq;fs; cs;sd. mit gpd;tUkhW: 1. *fhzp MizahsH ehafk; jpizf;fsk; / khfhz fhzp MizahsH jpizf;fsk; 2. *gpuNjr nrayfk; 3. *kfhtyp mjpfhu rig buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

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4. *fhzp kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FOr; rig 5. *Njrpa tPlikg;G mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig 6. *efu mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig 7. td tpyq;F ghJfhg;G jpizf;fsk; 8. tdg; ghJfhg;G jpizf;fsk; 9. mfo;thuha;r;rp jpizf;fsk; 10. fhzp tpLg;G mspj;jy; jpizf;fsk; 11. fiuNahu ghJfhg;G jpizf;fsk; 12. uapy;Nt jpizf;fsk; 13. ePHg;ghrd jpizf;fsk; 14. neLQ;rhiyfs; jpizf;fsk; 15. Kg;gilfs; 16. ,yq;if JiwKf mjpfhu rig 17. ,yq;if KjyPl;Lr; rig ,tw;wpy; kf;fSf;fhf fhzpia gfpHe;J toq;ff; $ba mjpfhuk; nfhz;litahf el;rj;jpu FwpaPL toq;fg;gl;l jpizf;fsq;fs; cs;sd. Vida epWtdq;fSf;F jk;trk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;l fhzpfis guhkupg;gjw;fhd mjpfhuk; khj;jpuNk cs;sJ.

2.2 jdpegUf;F> epWtdj;jpw;F fhzp ngw;Wf;

nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fk; 1. trpg;gjw;F 2. gapHr;nra;iff;F 3. tHj;jf eltbf;iffSf;F 4. njhopy; eltbf;iffSf;F 5. nghJ eltbf;iffSf;F 6. kj eltbf;iffSf;F 7. ghupa mstpyhd nray;jpl;lq;fSf;F 8. KjyPlL ; rigapd; mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;l nray;jpl;lq;fSf;F (jdpegUf;F Nky; Fwpg;gpl;l Nehf;fj;jpw;F xU gFjp fhzp toq;fg;gl;bUg;gpDk;> NtW Nehf;fj;jpw;fhfTk; kw;WnkhU fhzpg; gFjpf;F tpz;zg;gpf;f KbAk;).

10 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

2.3 murhq;f fhzpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F ,Uf;f

Ntz;ba jFjpfs; vit vdg; ghHg;Nghk; 1. trpg;gjw;F my;yJ gapHr;nra;iff;F jk;kplk; fhzp ,y;yhjtHfs;. trpg;gjw;fhapd; murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpia xU Kiw khj;jpuNk ngw KbAk;.

2. ,jw;F Kd;dH ngwhjtHfs;

murhq;fj;jplkpUe;J

fhzpiag;

3. ePq;fs; jpUkzk; Gupe;jpUg;gpd;> cq;fSf;F gps;isfs; ,Ug;gpd; fhzp fr;Nrupapy; gjpT nra;J fhzpg; gFjpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F tpNrl jFjpiag; ngWtPHfs;.

2.4 murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpnahd;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ vt;thW?

murhq;fj;jpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd fhzpnahd;iw cq;fSilajhf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F tpUk;GtPHfshapd;> Kjyhtjhf gpuNjr nrayfk; my;yJ mjpfhupfSf;F tpz;zg;gj;jpid ifaspf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpuNjr nrayhsH Fwpj;j tpz;zg;gjhupia gjpT nra;jjd;

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

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gpd;dH> fr;Nrupf;F Mw;Wg;gLj;JthH. vdpDk;> ,jd; nghUl;L gfpHe;jspg;gjw;F jFjpahd ,lk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thNw> vq;fhtJ fhzp gfpHe;jspg;gJ Fwpj;J mwpe;J nfhz;lhy;> mjw;Fk; tpz;zg;gj;jpid rkHg;gpf;fyhk;.

Kd;dnuy;yhk; kf;fs; mUfpy; cs;s ntw;wplq;fis jk; trk; ifg;gw;wpf; nfhs;thHfs;. mjd; gpd;dH mjpfhupfSf;Fr; nrhy;yp mjw;F Vw;whw; Nghy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; jahupj;Jf; nfhs;thHfs;. ,d;W mt;thwhd ntw;wplj;ij fz;L gpbg;gJ vd;gJ ,yFthdJ my;y. kpfTk; tuz;l gpuNjrq;fspNyNa jw;NghJ mt;thwhd ntw;W epyq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mg;gFjpfspy; nghJ trjpfs; vJTk; ,d;ikahy;> nghJkf;fSf;F me;j ,lq;fspy; ehl;lk; ,y;iy. nghJ trjpfs; Nghjpastpy; cs;s gpuNjrq;fspy; mj;jpahtrpa ghJfhg;G ,lq;fs; gFjpnahd;W ,Ue;jJ. vdpDk;> ,jid ifg;gw;WgtHfs; rl;lj;jpd; Kd;dhy; nry;tjw;F NeHe;jJ. vdNt> ePq;fs; rl;luPjpahf ,lnkhd;iw ngw Ntz;Lkhapd; ntw;wplk; cs;s gpuNjr nrayfg; gFjpia milahsk; fz;L> mjw;fhd tpz;zg;gg; gj;jpuk; xd;wpid jahupj;J gpuNjr nrayfj;jpw;F toq;f Ntz;Lk;. gpd;tUk; tifapy; ,e;j eilKiwia gpuNjr nrayhsH Kd;ndLg;ghH: 1. cq;fSila tpz;zg;gg; gj;jpuj;jpid nghWg;ngLg;ghH 2. fpuhk NrtHfs; my;yJ fhzp rk;ge;jg;gl;l MNyhrfupdhy; guprPyid Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;.

3. Muk;g fhzp guprPyidf;F cq;fis miog;gH 4. Muk;g fhzp guprPyidapy; njupT nra;ag;gl;ltHfs;> fhzp MizahsH ehafk; my;yJ khfhz fhzp Mizahsuplk; mDg;gp mDkjp ngw;Wf; nfhz;L fhzp fr;Nrup xd;iw elj;JtH. 5. fhzp fr;Nrupapy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l gl;bay; fhl;rpf;F itf;fg;gLk;.

6. vjpHg;G kw;Wk; Nkd;KiwaPl;bid tprhuiz nra;J ,Wjpg; gl;baiy fhl;rpg;gLj;JtH. 7. mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;FtH.

12 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

,e;j tifapy; tptrhag; gpuptpdUf;F my;yJ mjpf tUkhdk; ngWgtHfSf;F toq;fg;gLk; fhzpapd; msT gpd;tUkhW: • trpg;gjw;F 20 NgHr;r]; • tptrhaj;jpw;Fk;> trpg;gjw;Fk; miu Vf;fH (80 NgHr;r];) • tUlhe;j ngUk;Nghfr; nra;iff;F xU Vf;fH • ePHg;ghrd trjpAldhd tptrha epyj;jpw;F 1 ½ Vf;fH

2.5 fhzpf; fr;Nrup vd;why; vd;d?

fhzpf; fr;Nrup vd;W nrhy;yg;gLtJ> murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpia gfpHe;jspg;gjw;fhf elj;jg;gLk; gfpuq;f tprhuizahFk;. fhzpf; fr;Nrupapy; njupT nra;ag;gl;ltHfspd; ngaH tpguk;> Kd;nkhopjy; kw;Wk; vjpHg;G njuptpj;jYf;fhf gfpuq;f ,lj;jpy; mwptpj;jyhf ntspaplg;gLk;. ,e;j mwptpj;jiy Ma;T nra;J> jFjpaw;wtHfs; njupT nra;ag;gl;bUg;gpd; mjw;fhd vjpHg;gpid fbjk; my;yJ jk;kplk; midj;J jFjpfSk; ,Ue;Jk; njupT nra;ag;glhik Fwpj;j Nkd;KiwaPl;bid rkHg;gpf;f KbAk;. mjd; gpd;dH Nkd; KiwaPLk;> vjpHg;G mwpf;ifAk; Ma;T nra;ag;gl;L ,Wjpapy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l ngaH tpguq;fs; kPz;Lk; gfpuq;fkhf mwptpj;jy; nra;ag;gLk;. me;j gl;baypy; ,Uf;Fk; egHfSf;F gpuNjr nrayhsH Clhf mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gLk;. buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

13

2.6 fhzpf; fr;Nrup nraw;gLjy; 1. NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l mbg;gil trjpfSila egHfs;> jkJ jfty; mlq;fpa tpz;zg;gg; gj;jpuk; xd;iw jahupj;J> gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; xg;gilj;J jk;ik gjpT nra;J nfhs;tJ rl;l nraw;ghlhFk;. ,e;j gjpT nra;jy; mz;ikapy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l xU eilKiwahFk;.

2. gpuNjr nrayhsuhy; elj;jg;gLk; fhzp r%fkspg;gJ cq;fSila nghWg;ghFk;.

fr;Nrupf;F

3. fhzpf; fr;Nrupapd; Clhf njupT nra;ag;gl;l egHfspd; ngaHfs; mlq;fpa Muk;g njupT gl;bay;> gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. njupT nra;ag;gl;l egHfSf;fhf kWg;G my;yJ Nkd;KiwaPL ,Ug;gpd; 14 ehl;fSf;Fs; fhzp MizahsH my;yJ fhzp MizahsH ehafj;jpw;F Kd;itf;f KbAk;.

4. mjd; gpd;dH kWg;G Fwpj;j guprPyid elj;jg;gl;L ,Wjp njupT gl;bay; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. njupT gl;baYf;fhf egHfsplk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; (epahjd rhjd gj;jpuk;) toq;fg;gLk;.

14 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

3. murpd; fhzpf;fhf toq;fg;gLk; (mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; / fhzp cWjp)

murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpf;fhf gytpjq;fspy; rl;luPjpahd Mtzq;fs; toq;fg;gLk;. mit gpd;tUkhW: 1. KjyhtJ tUlhe;j mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; (murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lk;) 2. mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ mj;jhl;rpg; gj;jpuk; (fh. m. f. mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; (L D O mDkjpg; gj;jpuk;)) tUlhe;j mj;jhl;rpg; gj;jpuk; vdg;gLtJ xU tUlj;jpw;F khj;jpuk; toq;fg;gLk; mj;jhl;rpg; gj;jpukhFk;. murhq;f fhzpfSf;fhd fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,J toq;fg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf epue;jukhd cWjpnahd;iw NfhUtjw;F cupik ,y;iy. epue;jukhf cupik toq;fg;gl Kbahj re;jHg;gq;fspNyNa ,t;thwhd tUlhe;j mj;jhl;rpg; gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

15

,it jw;fhypf Mtzq;fshf ,Ug;gJld;> mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s epge;jidfs; kPwg;gLkhapd;> mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; cupikahsUf;F Kd;$l;bNa mwptpg;gjd; Clhf mjid ,uj;Jr; nra;a KbAk;. ,e;j mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; gpuNjr nrayhsH ifnahg;gkpl;bUg;ghH. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; efy; gpujp kw;Wk; gjpNtl;L gpujp vd;gd gpuNjr nrayfj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. kfhtyp mjpfhuj;jpw;Fl;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy; cs;s fhzpfSf;fhd mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fis tjptpl tpahghu KfhikahsH toq;FthH. mNjNtis> ,e;j Mtzq;fspd; efy; gpujpfs; tya mYtyfj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;fhd epge;jidfis G+Hj;jp nra;jjd; gpd;dH> murhq;fj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLk; ed;nfhil cWjp (nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk;) ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd cupik> me;j mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fis itj;jpUg;gtHfs;/cupikahsHfSf;F fpilf;Fk;. ,e;j cWjpia toq;Fk; NghJ> fhzpf;F vy;iyf; fw;fs; itj;J> vy;iy tFf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; jkf;F gpd;dH cupj;JilatHfspd; ngaiu Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.

3.1 gpk;rtpa epfo;r;rp cq;fsplk; cs;s ve;jnthU ,lj;jpdJk; cupikia tYg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tJ ,e;j epfo;r;rpapd; Clhf Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j epfo;r;rpapd; %yk; toq;fg;gLk; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; rhd;wpjohf fUjg;gLk;. cupikr; rhd;wpjo; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lkhapd; cq;fsplk; fPNo Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s cWjpg; gj;jpuq;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

• ifAjpHj;jy; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; • Rje;jpu cWjpg; gj;jpuk; • RtHzG+kp / [aG+kp / ,RU G+kp / ud;gpk cWjpg; gj;jpuk;

16 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

gpk;rtpa epfo;r;rpapd; %yk; cq;fSf;F fpilf;Fk; gyd;fs;: 1. ePq;fs; mDgtpf;Fk; ,lj;jpd; mstply; eltbf;ifia Kd;ndLj;J> tiuglk; jahupj;jy;.

2. fhzpf;F cWjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;fy; 3. ePq;fs; tptrhapahapd; tpiutpy; cq;fSf;F cWjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;fy; 4. cq;fsplk; cs;s epyj;jpw;F gpur;rpid ,Ug;gpd;> mjw;F jPHT fhzy; 5. cq;fSf;F cupikr; rhd;wpjo; fpilj;jy;.

cupikr; rhd;wpjo; %yk; fpilf;Fk; gad;fs;: 1. gpur;rpidfs; mw;w fhzpahf khwy; 2. kw;nwhU egUf;F khw;Wjiy ,yFthf nra;af; $bajhf ,Uj;jy; 3. tq;fpapdhy; ,yFthf fld; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $baik 4. ,yq;ifapd; ve;jnthU fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpYk;> cq;fSila fhzp njhlHgpy; jfty; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tifapyhd re;jHg;gk; fpilf;fpd;wik 5. KiwNflhd tifapy; cq;fSila fhzpf;F Nghyp gj;jpuk; jahupf;f ,ayhik.

3.2 mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsH nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk;

fhzp cWjpia) ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ vt;thW? mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; ,Uf;ff; $ba epge;jidfis cq;fshy; epiwNtw;w KbAkhapd;> nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; / fhzp cWjpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; tpz;zg;gpf;f KbAk;. ,t;thwhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; gpuNjr nrayhsH> khtl;l epy msit mj;jpal;rfUf;F> mjw;fhd cj;juit gzpj;J> fhzpia mstpl;L vy;iyf; fy; mikg;gjw;F eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpuNjr nrayhsUf;F epy msitahsH mj;jpal;rfupd; epy msit tiuglk; fpilj;jjd; gpd;dH> nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;ij jahupf;f KbAk;.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

17

3.3 fhzp cWjpg;gj;jpuk; fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; my;yJ murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; my;yJ fhzp gpujhd (tpNrl Vw;ghLfs;) rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,J toq;fg;gLk;. fhzp cWjpg;gj;jpuk;; vd;gJ [dhjpgjpapdhy; gpui[ xUtUf;F toq;fg;gLk; cWjpg; gj;jpukhFk;. Muk;gj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;l mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; epge;jidfisg; G+Hj;jp nra;jtHfSf;F khj;jpuNk fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; cWjpg;gj;jpuk;; toq;fg;gLk;. ,e;j cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid toq;Ftjw;F Kjypy; msitapayhsupd; tiuglj;jpid ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Fwpj;j ,lj;jpid mstpl;L vy;iyf; fw;fs; itf;fg;gl;l tiuglkhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mJ fhzp tiuglj;Jld; ,izf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. tiuglj;jpd; gpufhuk; fhzpapd; vy;iy kw;Wk; msT vd;gd Jiz Mjhuq;fshf tpsf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. (rpy fhyj;jpw;F Kd;dH toq;fg;gl;l gy [aG+kp nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuq;fSf;F> md;W fhzg;gl;l rl;lj;jpw;F mika tiuglk; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;). nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; rpy epge;jidfSk;> ,uz;L fhg;GWjp Vw;ghLfSk; cs;slq;fpapUf;Fk;. ,e;j epge;jidfSf;F Vw;g fhzpia kpfTk; rpwpa mstpy; gq;fplf; $ba msTk; Fwpg;glg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,e;j nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; [dhjpgjpapd; ifnahg;gj;jpd; efy; ,lg;gl;L> rptg;G epwj;jpy; Kj;jpiu gjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,e;j nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid ngWk; egUf;Fg; gpd;dH> mtuJ tho;f;if Jizf;F (kidtp / fztd;) fhzpapd; cupik fpilf;Fk;. mJ tho;f;if cupik vd Fwpf;fg;gLk;. nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsUf;F ,e;j fhzpf;fhd mLj;j cupikahsH ahH vd;gjid ngauplTk; KbAk;. ,t;thW mLj;j cupikahsiu ngauplhj re;jHg;gj;jpy; tho;f;if Jizf;F (fztd; my;yJ kidtp) tho;f;if cupikapd; gpd;dH> %j;j Mz; gps;isf;F fhzp cupik cupj;jhFk;. gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; ngw;w mDkjpapd; gpd;dH ,e;j fhzp cupik khw;wy; my;yJ tpw;gid Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. ,t;thW Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; cupik khw;wy; fhzp gjpthsH mYtyj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;. Kjw; gpujp jtwtplg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; my;yJ mopTWk; gl;rj;jpy; me;j mYtyfj;jpy; cWjp nra;ag;gl;l gpujpia 18 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. cupikapy; khw;wk; nra;ag;gLk; vy;yh re;jHg;gq;fspYk; mjid gjpT nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

3.4 murhq;fj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLk; Vida rl;l

Mtzq;fs; gpd;tUkhW: 1. ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjp (mur fhzpfs; fl;lisr; rl;lk;) 2. nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; (gpujhd Mtzk; / fhzp cWjp) ,it fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gLk;. (,it RtHz G+kp / [a G+kp / uj;d G+kp / ,RU G+kp / ud;gpk vd fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; gy;NtW ngaHfspy; toq;fg;gLk;).

3. Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; (mur fhzpfs; fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;) 4. epahjd rhjd gj;jpuk; (fhzp gpujhd tpNrl Vw;ghLfs; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;) 5. cupikg; gj;jpuk; (cupik gjpT nra;jy; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;) 6. r%f cWjp (tpfhiufSf;fhf murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;) 7. mDgtpj;jy; cj;juT (murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; khfhz cs;Suhl;rp epWtdq;fSf;fhf)

rupahd ghijapy; nrd;why;…

rptuhkd; fLk; rpf;fy; xd;iw vjpHNehf;fpAs;shH. tq;fpapy; mlF itj;j fhzp %o;fg; Nghfpd;wJ. mt;thW elf;Fkhapd;> jw;NghJ rptuhkDk; mtuJ kidtp> gps;isfSk; trpf;Fk; tPLk; mtHfsJ ifapy; ,Ue;J eOtpg; NghFk;. thlif tPl;by; trpf;fg; Nghfpd;Nwhk; vd epidf;Fk; NghJ neQ;R milg;gJ Nghy; ,Ug;gjhf rptuhkd; czUfpd;whH. jhk; r%fj;jpy; thOk; Kiwf;F> ,j;jid trjpAldhd tPl;bid tpl;Lr; nry;tJ> jkf;F vt;thwhapDk;> jkJ gps;isfspdhy; xUNghJk;

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

19

jhq;fpf; nfhs;s KbahJ vd;gjid rptuhkd; mwpe;J itj;jpUe;jhH. rptuhkd; fle;j fhyj;ij epidj;Jg; ghHj;jhH. jhk; ,e;j fhzpia tpiyf;F ngw;w tpjk; Fwpj;Jk;> mjw;fhd fhzp cWjpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F gpuNjr nrayfj;jpw;F nrd;w tpjk; Fwpj;Jk; mtUf;F epidTf;F te;jJ. gpuNjrj;jpy; midtuhYk; ed;F mwpag;gl;ltuhd rptuhkd;> gpuNjr nrayfj;jpw;Fr; nrd;w NghJ> mq;Fs;stHfs; jkJ Njitia cldbahf nra;J jUtjw;F vLj;j Kaw;rp epidTf;F te;jJ. murhq;fj;jpd; Cjpak; ngWk;> nghUshjhu uPjpahf tYthd epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; jkf;F mjpfhupfs; xd;wpize;J [aG+kp fhzp cWjpia jahupj;J nfhLj;jikAk; epidTf;F te;jJ. jkJ tUkhdj;jpw;F mika me;j fhzp cWjpiag; ngWtjw;F mtUf;F jFjp ,y;iy vd;gJk;> [aG+kp fhzp cWjp tUkhdk; Fiwe;jtHfSf;F toq;fg;gLtJ vd;gJ Fwpj;Jk;> mtH mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. mjpfhupfSk; mtUf;F njspT gLj;jtpy;iy. vdpDk;> jkJ jFjpf;F mika murhq;f fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; fhzp ngWtjw;F mjpf fhyk; nry;Yk; vdj; njuptpj;jikapdhy;> tup nrYj;JkhW njuptpj;jikapdhy; [aG+kp fhzpiag; ngWtjw;F jhk; tpUg;gk; njuptpj;jikAk; jpiug;glk; Nghy; mtuJ fz; Kd;dhy; tpupe;jJ. vdpDk;> jw;NghJ rptuhkd; vjpHNehf;fpAs;s gpur;rpidia vt;thW jPHg;gJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J Fog;gkile;Js;shH. MNyhrid ngWtjw;Fk;> jkf;F fhzp cWjpia jahupj;J je;j mjpfhupfs; gpuNjr nrayfj;jpy; flikapy; ,y;iy. [aG+kp fhzp cWjp fpilj;jTld;> mjid tq;fpapy; mlF itj;J> Fwpj;j fhzpapy; ghupa tPnlhd;iw fl;bdhH. mjpy; xU gFjpapy; trpj;j mNj 20 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

re;jHg;gj;jpy;> Rw;Wyh tpLjpnahd;whf kw;iwa gFjpia gad;gLj;jp te;jhH. vdpDk;> ePbj;j Aj;j #o;epiyapdhy; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; tUif Fiwtila fld; jtizia nrYj;j KbahJ NghdikAk;> mjidj; njhlHe;J fhzpia tpw;gid nra;tjw;F tq;fp mwptpj;jy; tpLj;jikAk; mtuJ epidtpw;F te;jJ. tq;fpapy; jhk; ngw;w fld; njhifia tpl> fhzpapd; ngWkjp mjpfk; vd;gjdhy;> ,lj;ij thq;Ftjw;F gyH Kd;te;j NghjpYk;> mJ [aG+kp fhzpahf ,Ug;gjdhy;> gpd;thq;fpr; nrd;W tpl;ldH. vdpDk;> ePz;l fhy Fj;jiff;F fhzpnahd;wpidg; ngw;wpUe;jhy;> tpUk;gpa re;jHg;gj;jpy; me;j cupikia NtnwhUtUf;F vOjpf; nfhLg;gjd; %yk;> jdJ gpur;rpidia ,yFthf jPHj;J> fpilj;j gzj;jpy; Ntwplj;jpy; rpwpa fhzpia thq;fpapUf;fyhk; vd ,g;nghONj mtUf;Fg; Gupfpd;wJ. Mdhy;> jw;NghJ tq;fpapdhy; fhzp tpw;gid nra;ag;gl;L> fld;fs; milf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH vQ;rpAs;s gzj;ij ngWtJ khj;jpuNk xNu topahFk;. vdpDk;> me;j gzk; iff;F tUtjw;F vj;jid ehshFNkh vd;gJ Fwpj;Jk; rptuhkd; ftiyaile;Js;shH.

3.5 ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuk; ahUf;F toq;fg;gLk;? ve;jnthU egUk; my;yJ epWtdKk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. mjpf tUkhdk; ngWgtHfs;> eLj;ju tHf;fj;jpdH> murhq;f CopaHfSf;F ,e;j Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. mt;thNw> efug; gFjpf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

21

murhq;fj;jpd; ve;jnthU ,lj;jpw;Fk; ePz;l fhy Fj;jifNa toq;fg;gl KbAk;. ,e;j cWjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;fg;glf; $ba Njitfs;: • • • • • •

jq;Fkpl tpLjpfSf;F tHj;jf ,lq;fSf;F njhopy; ,lq;fSf;F tptrhaj; njhopy; ,lq;fSf;F mikg;G ,lq;fSf;F NtW epWtdq;fSf;F

3.6 ePz;lfhy Fj;jifjhuHfis vt;thW

milahsk; fhz;gJ? 1. ,J murhq;fj;jpw;Fk;> Fj;jif ngWgtUf;Fk; ,ilapyhd cld;gbf;ifahFk;.

2. Fj;jif ngWgtH gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba gy epge;jidfs; ,jpy; cs;sd.

3. toq;fg;gl Ntz;ba jpdk; kw;Wk; Fj;jif njhif vd;gd Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk; 4. epy msitahsupdhy; rhd;wspf;fg;gl;l tiuglKk;> cWjpg; gj;jpuj;Jld; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

5. epy msitahsH ehafj;jpdhy; jahupf;fg;gl;l epy tiuglj;jpy; fhzpapd; vy;iyfs; kw;Wk; msT vd;gd Fwpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

6. nghJthf Fj;jif 30 tUl fhyg;gFjpf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

(Njitapd; mbg;gilapy; Fj;jif fhyk; NtWgLtJld;> Ke;ija fhyj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; tUlj;jpw;fhd Fj;jif ,jd; fPNo toq;fg;gLk;).

7. ,J ,U jug;gpdUf;F ,ilapyhd cld;gbf;ifahf ,Ug;gJld;> Fj;jif ngWgtupd; kw;Wk; [dhjpgjpapd; ifnahg;gk; ,lg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mj;Jld;> Kjw;gpujpapy; rptg;G epwj;jpy; murhq;f Kj;jpiu (Embossed Seal) gjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

8. ,e;j Fj;jif cWjp gj;jpuj;jpid gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

22 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

3.7 Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; vdg;gLtJ vd;d? jq;Fkpl eltbf;iff;fhf toq;fg;gl;Ls;s ePz;lfhy Fj;jif cWjp gj;jpuj;jpw;Nf Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gLk;.

NtW eltbf;iffSf;fhf toq;fg;gl;l ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;F Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gl khl;lhJ. 1. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; [dhjpgjpapd; gzpg;gpd; Ngupy;> NtW NjitfSf;F toq;fg;gl;l fhzpfSf;F Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; toq;fg;glyhk;. vdpDk;> mt;thwhd re;jHg;gq;fs; kpf mupJ. 2. ,e;j Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; ve;jnthU epge;jidfSk; cs;slq;fhJ. fhzpia ngWgtH ehl;bd; ePjpfSf;F Vw;wthW fhzpia gad;gLj;j KbAk;.

3. ,jd; fPo; fhzpapd; cupikia khw;wy;> gq;fply;> mlF itj;jy; vd;gd ,aYk;.

4. msitahsupdhy; toq;fg;gl;l ‘O’ tpsf;fg;glk; (Outright Diagram) nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; ,izf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

5. [dhjpgjpapd; efy; ifnahg;gk; ,lg;gl;L> rptg;G epwj;jpy; murhq;f Kj;jpiu gjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

6. ,e;j nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jidj; jtpu murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp tPlikg;G mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig my;yJ efu mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig (fhzpfis nghJ kf;fSf;F gfpHe;jspg;gjw;fhf) Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; Clhf cupikia ifaspf;f KbAk;. mt;thW toq;fpajd; gpd;dH me;j epWtdq;fs; nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; Clhf mjd; fhzpg; gFjpfis nghJkf;fSf;F toq;f KbAk;.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

23

3.8 nghJ eltbf;iffSf;fhf toq;fg;gLk;

fhzpfSf;fhd Mtzk;

tpfhiufs; / kj epWtdq;fs; / nghJr; rq;fq;fs; my;yJ mikg;Gf;fSf;fhf fhzp ngwy;. gy;NtW nghJ eltbf;iffSf;fhf fhzp ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; Njit cs;s epiyapy; mjd; nghUl;L gpd;gw;wg;gl Ntz;ba eilKiwfs; cs;sd. Kjyhtjhf> mjd; nghUl;L jFjpahd fhzpg; gFjpnahd;iw milahsk; fhz Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhd mikg;G my;yJ epWtdj;jpd; tpz;zg;gj;jpid gpuNjr nrayfk; my;yJ rk;ge;jg;gl;l mjpfhupfSf;F mDg;gp itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. gpuNjr nrayhsH> Fwpj;j fhzpia ed;whf gupNrhjid nra;J> Nfhug;gl;Ls;s fhuzj;jpw;F me;j fhzp nghUj;jkhdjh vd;gjid murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; mwtplf; $ba Fj;jif njhifia (rpwpastpyhd Fj;jif njhif) khj;jpuk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L ePz;l fhy Fj;jiff;F toq;Ftjw;fhd mDkjpia> nfsut mikr;rpd; Clhf toq;Ftjw;F eltbf;if vLg;ghH.

3.9 fhzp kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FOr; rigaplk; cs;s fhzp (L.R.C. fhzp) fhzp kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FO rigapd; trk; cs;s fhzp murhq;fj;jpd; ,lky;y. gfpHe;jspg;gjw;F jFe;j ,lq;fis milahsk; fz;L mit murhq;fj;jpd; ,lq;fshf mwptpf;fg;gLk;. fPNo Fwpg;gpl;l trjpfis toq;Fk; egHfsplk; ,e;j fhzp ve;jtpjkhd mwtPLk; ,d;wp toq;fg;gLk;.

1. ,yq;if gpui[ahf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; 2. fhzp ,y;yhj egHfshf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; 3. 18 tajpid G+Hj;jp nra;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

4. fhzp mike;Js;s fpuhk NrtfH gpuptpy; Fiwe;jgl;rk; VO tUlq;fs; njhlHr;rpahf epue;ju gjptpid Nkw;nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; 5. Fiwe;j tUkhdk; ngWgtHfshf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

24 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

3.10 epahjd rhjd gj;jpuk; Clhf fhzp ngw;w

cq;fSila nghWg;Gf;fSk;> flikfSk; • NkjF [dhjpgjpapdhy; ifnahg;gk; ,lg;gl;L cq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s ,e;j nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; kpfTk; ngWkjp kpf;f Mtzkhf ,Ug;gJld;> mjid ghJfhf;f Ntz;baJ cq;fSila gpujhd nghWg;ghFk;.

• cq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid ed;F thrpj;J Gupe;J nfhs;sy;.

• cq;fSila ngaH my;yJ fhzpapd; vy;iy my;yJ mstpy; NtWghL ,Ug;gpd; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid> gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; toq;fp jpUj;jpf; nfhs;sy;.

• cq;fSf;F fpilj;Js;s ,lj;jpid ed;F mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;.

• cq;fSila fhzpf;fhf mLj;j cupikahsuhf xUtH my;yJ gyiu ePq;fs; ngaupl KbAk;. Mdhy;> cq;fSila fztH/kidtp my;yJ ,uj;j cwTfis khj;jpuNk ePq;fs; ngaupl KbAk;.

• cq;fSf;Fg; gpd;dH cq;fSila fhzpapd; KOikahd cupikAk; cq;fSila fztH/kidtpf;Fr; nry;Yk;.

• fztd;/kidtpf;Fg; gpd;dH fhzpapd; cupik cq;fshy; ngauplg;gLk; mLj;j cupikahsUf;F my;yJ cupikahsHfSf;F cupj;jhFk;.

• ePq;fs; mLj;j cupikahsupd; ngaiu Fwpg;gplhtpl;lhy;> fztd;/kidtpf;Fg; gpd;dH cq;fSila %j;j Mz; gps;isf;F fhzp cupj;jhFk;. Mz; gps;is ,y;iynad;why; %j;j ngz; gps;isf;F fhzp cupj;jhFk;. ,uj;j cwTs;s xUtUf;F ,e;j fhzpia cupik khw;w Ntz;Lkhapd;>gpuNjr nrayhsH Clhf khfhz fhzp MizahsH / fhzp MizahsH ehafk; Kd;dpiyapy; rkHg;gpj;J mDkjp ngwg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

25

4.mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; Clhf kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; Clhf fpilj;j fhzpia mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;

murhq;fj;jhy; fpilf;fg; ngw;w fhzpia mgptpUj;jp nra;tJ> mjidg; ngWgtuhy; fl;lhak; nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba tplakhFk;. mt;thW mgptpUj;jp nra;ahjtplj;;J> me;j fhzpf;fhd cupkj;ij gpuNjr nrayhsH ,uj;Jr; nra;ayhk;. gapHr;nra;iff;fhf toq;fg;gl;l ,lkhapd;> mjpy; epue;ju gapH kw;Wk; FWfpa fhy gapHfis tpijj;J> mjd; nraw;ghLfis rpwg;ghf Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk;. Nrw;W epykhapd; mtw;iw tskhd epykhf khw;Wtjw;fhd eltbf;iffs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

26 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

tjptjw;fhf toq;fg;gl;l ,lkhapd;> mjpy; tPL> kyry $lk;> fpzW Nghd;wd epHkhzpf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. njhopy; my;yJ tpahghuj;jpw;fhf toq;fg;gl;bUg;gpd;> mq;F njhopy; my;yJ tpahghuk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. tjptjw;fhf toq;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; jdpahd tPLfs; rpy mikg;gjhapd;> mjd; nghUl;L Fwpj;j fhzp gFjpfshf gpupf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhf msit jpl;lkply;> Fwpj;j khfhz cs;@uhl;rp epWtdj;jpy; mDkjpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mjd;gpd;dH> epHkhzpf;fg;gLk; fl;ll jpl;lkplYk; Fwpj;j khfhz cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fspdhy; mDkjpaspf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mDkjp toq;fg;glhJ epHkhzpf;fg;gLk; fl;llq;fis mfw;Wtjw;fhd mjpfhuk; khfhz cs;@uhl;rp mikg;Gf;fSf;F cs;sJ. gpd;dH> mfw;wg;gLk; fl;llk; Fwpj;J mDkjp ngw Kaw;rpg;gjw;F> mghuhjj; njhif mwtplg;gLk;. rpy khfhz cs;@uhl;rp mikg;Gf;fspy; tupg;gz vy;iyf;F ntspNa mike;Js;s gpuNjrq;fspy; epHkhzpf;fg;gLk; fl;llq;fSf;F fl;ll epHkhzj; jpl;lkply; mDkjp toq;fg;glkhl;lhJ.

4.1 murhq;f fhzpnahd;whapd; cq;fSila

nghWg;Gf;fSk;> flikfSk; 1. fhzpia ed;F mgptpUj;jp nra;J ehl;bd; cw;gj;jpf;F gq;fspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

2. fhzpapd; eyid ghJfhg;gjw;fhf rpwe;j cu tiffis gad;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

3. fhzpapy; ,Uf;Fk; epyj;jpw;F eyd; tpistpf;ff; $ba capupdq;fspd; mopTf;F fhuzkhd jP itj;jy; jtpHf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

4. mjpfsthd fpUkpehrpdpfs;> fisehrpdpfs; kw;Wk; ,urhad cuq;fis gad;gLj;Jtjid jtpHf;f Ntz;Lk;.

5. Rw;Wr; #oy; rkepiy ghJfhf;fg;gLk; tifapy; epyj;jpid gad;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

6. Ntyp vy;iyf; fw;fs; kw;Wk; vy;iyf; fw;fis ed;F guhkupf;f Ntz;Lk;. buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

27

7. ePq;fs; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L tjptjw;F my;yJ gapHnra;tjw;F fhzp cWjpg; gj;jpuk; ngWtjw;F Kaw;rpg;gPHfshapd;> vy;iy msitahsupdhy; fy; itj;J Gs;spaply; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW xU gpuNjrj;jpy; vy;iy fy; itj;J jahupf;fg;gLk; tiuglk; ,Wjpahd fpuhk tiuglkhFk;. fy; gjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s fhzpapy; rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,aw;if fhuzq;fshy; fy; fod;W Nghjy; kw;Wk; jd;dpr;irahf cile;J Nghjy; vd;gtw;iw mtjhdpf;f KbAk;. ,t;thwhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; kPz;Lk; vy;iy milahsq;fis mikj;J jUkhW gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; Nfhupf;if tpLf;fyhk;. ,jd; nghUl;L nraw;gLgtHfs; fr;Nrup msitahsHfs; vd miof;fg;gLtH. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,e;j eltbf;if murhq;f msitahsHfshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. Jupjkhf ePq;fs; ,e;j eltbf;ifia Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lkhapd;> gpuNjr nrayhsupd; mDkjpAld;> jdpahH msitahsiu gad;gLj;jp> fl;lzk; nrYj;jp Kd;ndLf;f KbAk;.

4.2 cq;fs; trk; cs;s fhzpapy; ,Uf;Fk; kuq;fis

gad;gLj;j KbAkh? cq;fs; trk; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;Jld; fhzpapy; cq;fshy; gapHnra;ag;gl;l kuk; kw;Wk; ,aw;ifj; jhtuq;fis gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd re;jHg;gq;fs; cs;sd. Mdhy;> ,e;j eltbf;ifia ngUk;ghYk; vr;rupf;ifAld; Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk;.mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ cWjpg; gj;jpuk; ,y;yhj fhzpfspy; fhl;L kuq;fis xUNghJk; mfw;w KbahJ. kuq;fis mfw;Wtjhapd;> Kjyhtjhf fpuhk NrtfH Clhf gpuNjr nrayhsupw;F Nfhupf;if Kd;itf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjd; gpd;dH gpuNjr nrayhsH my;yJ cjtp gpuNjr nrayhsH Fwpj;j gFjpf;F tUif je;J Muha;e;J eltbf;if vLj;J> kuk; ntl;LtJ njhlHghf mDkjp gj;jpuk; toq;Ftjw;F eltbf;if vLg;ghH.,e;j mDkjpapd;wp kuj;ij ntl;b my;yJ mUfpy; itj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;> tdg;ghJfhg;G mjpfhup / fpuhk mjpfhup my;yJ Fbrd mjpfhup my;yJ nghyp]hH te;J> cq;fsplk;

28 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

cs;s kuq;fis ifg;gw;WtJld;> cq;fis ifJ nra;a KbAk;. ePq;fs; ,t;thW cq;fs; fhzpapy; ntl;L kuq;fis> thfdj;jpy; nfhz;L nry;tjw;fhd jdpahd mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; ngw Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW kuj;ij fhzpapy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L nry;tjw;fhd mDkjpaspg;gjw;F tUif jUk; mjpfhupapd; gupe;Jiu fbjj;ij> gpuNjr nrayfj;jpy; rkHg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. jil nra;ag;gl;l tif kuq;fis fhzpaypUe;J ntspapy; nfhz;L nry;tjw;F (fUq;fhyp> Njf;F> ghiy> Ntk;G Nghd;wd) td mjpfhupfs;> gpuNjr nrayhsH kw;Wk; khtl;l td mjpfhupfspd; (DFO) mDkjpiag; ngwy; Ntz;Lk;.

4.3 murhq;f fhzp kjpg;gply; kw;Wk; fhzp tup mwtply; xU egUf;F murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpg; gFjpfis toq;Ftjpy; mjd;nghUl;lhd tUlhe;j tup mwtply; ,lk;ngWk;. fhzp toq;fg;gLk; gpujhd re;jHg;gj;jpy; gpuNjr nrayhsH Clhf me;j fhzp njhlHgpy; cj;Njr kjpg;gPL Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L> mjd; ngWkjpapd;; 4% tUlhe;j fhzp tupahf mwtplg;gLk;. vt;thwhapDk;> fhzpia Fj;jiff;F toq;FtJ nfsut fhzp mikr;rupd; mDkjp toq;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH> ,e;j fhzpia Kiwahf kjpg;gPL nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; nghUl;L gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; kjpg;gPL elj;jg;gl Ntz;ba tUlk; kw;Wk; fhzpapd; cWjpahd ngWkjp kw;Wk; tiugl gpujp vd;gd khfhz kjpg;gPl;lhsUf;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gLk;. mjd; gpd;dH gpujhd kjpg;gPl;L mjpfhupfs; Fwpj;j fhzpf;F tUif je;J kjpg;gPl;bd; NghJ Muha;e;J ghHf;f Ntz;ba tplaq;fis ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L fhzpapd; ngWkjpia gpuNjr nrayhsUf;F Fwpg;gpl;L mDg;gp itg;gH. mjd; gpd;dH nfsut mikr;rupdhy; mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;lthW tup njhif kw;Wk; mguhjj; njhif my;yJ jtiz Kjy; ,Ug;gpd;> mjid Fj;jifjhuUf;F gpuNjr nrayhsH mwptpg;ghH.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

29

tup mwtpLtjpy; fhzp gad;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fj;jpw;F Vw;g kjpg;gPl;L ngWkjpapd; mwtpLk; rjtPjk; NtWgLk;. ntspg;gilahf jq;Fkpl eltbf;iff;fhf kjpg;gPL ngWkjpapd; 4% Mf mwtpl;lhYk;> Gz;zpa eltbf;iffSf;F kjpg;gPl;L ngWkjpapd; ½% khj;jpuNk mwtplg;gLk;. ,J jtpu NtW gy;NtW eltbf;iffSf;F kjpg;gPL jpizf;fsk; Clhf fhzpfSf;F my;yJ fl;llq;fSf;F kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gLk; re;jHg;gq;fs; cs;sd. kjpg;gPl;L jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; kjpg;gPL ngWtJ gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; cj;jpNahfg;G+Ht gzpahf ,Ug;gJld;> jdpahf murhq;f fhzpf;fhd kjpg;gPl;bid ngWtjw;F tha;g;G ,y;iy. mt;thNw> me;j kjpg;gPL njhlHgpy; jpUg;jp milahjtH> mJ Fwpj;j Nkd;KiwaPl;bid gpujhd kjpg;gPl;Lf;fhd fhuzq;fSld; rkHg;gpf;f KbAk;. ,e;j Nkd;KiwaPl;bid gpuNjr nrayhsH ClhfNt Kd;ndLf;f KbAk;. mjidj; jtpu gpuNjr nrayhsH ClhfTk; fhzp ngWkjp kjpg;gPL nra;tjw;fhd re;jHg;gk; cs;sJ. ngWkjpia cWjpg;gLj;Jk; NghJk;> rhd;wpjo; tpepNahfpf;Fk; NghJk; me;j nraw;ghL Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. egHfspd; NtWgl;l NjitfSf;fhf gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; nrhj;J kw;Wk; tUkhd rhd;wpjo; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk;. tpNrlkhf> tUkhdj;jpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F> ePjpkd;wj;jpy; gpiz itg;gjw;Fk; nrhj;J rhd;wpjo; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk;. ,t;thwhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; fhzp kjpg;gPL nra;Ak; NghJ> gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; fhzpapd; msT> mjd; vy;iy fhzp Clhf Kd;ndLf;ff; $baJld;> mgptpUj;jpapy;> fhzpf;fhd gpuNtr top> ePH> njhiyNgrp> kpd;rhuk; Nghd;w mbg;gil trjpfs; Fwpj;J mtjhdkhf ,Ue;Nj fhzp kjpg;gPL Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;.

30 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

4.4 fhzp njhlHgpy; toq;ff; $ba Fj;jif njhif vd;d? tUlhe;j Fj;jif njhif – tUlhe;j mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;F tUlhe;jk; Fj;jif njhif toq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jid gpuNjr nrayfj;jpw;F my;yJ fhzp mjpfhupfSf;F toq;f Ntz;Lk;. ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg;gj;jpuj;jpw;fhd Fj;jif – midj;J ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;fhfTk;> tUlhe;jk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;ba Fj;jif njhif Fwpj;j Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mjpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s jpdj;jpw;F Kd;dH> Fwpj;j Fj;jif njhifia gpuNjr nrayfk; / gpujp fhzp MizahsH mYtyfj;jpw;F nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

Fwpg;gpl;l mstpy; Fj;jif njhifia toq;ftpy;iynadpd;> mguhjj; njhif nrYj;j NeupLk;.

• fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; tptrha tFg;G rhuhjtHfSf;F> nfhs;tdT tpiyia mwtpl;L mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;Fjy; ,lk;ngWk;. ,jd; NghJ kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gLk; fhzpapd; mjpfupf;fhj ngWkjp 10 jtizfspy; 10 tUlq;fspy; nrYj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

• mjidj; jtpu> fhzpf;fhd khfhz cs;@uhl;rp rigfSf;F tupj;njhif Fj;jif njhif nrYj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ngUk;ghyhNdhH> ,e;j tupj;njhif Fj;jif kw;Wk; murhq;fj;jpw;F nrYj;j Ntz;ba NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l fhzp tupj; njhif vd;gtw;iw jtwhf Gupe;J nfhs;tJz;L. ntspg;gilahf $Wtjhapd; tupgzk; kw;Wk; fhzp tup vd;gd ,uz;L NtW tplaq;fshFk;.

• mt;thNw fhzp kw;Wk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l tptrha Nritj; jpizf;fsj;jpw;F toq;fg;gl Ntz;ba Vf;fH tup vd;nwhU tplak; cs;sJ. mtw;iw tptrha fhzpfSf;Nf toq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jid mwtply; tptrha gupNrhjid kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp cjtpahsUk;> tptrha Nrit gpuNjr mjpfhupAk; Kd;ndLg;gH. • vt;thwhapDk;> ahH tupg; gzj;ij nrYj;jpdhYk;> mjid mwtpLk; mjpfhupapdhy; mjw;fhd urPJ toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l rl;luPjpahd tupg; gzk; jtpu midj;J tupg; gzKk; NtW ve;jnthU epWtdj;jpw;F my;yJ egUf;F toq;f Ntz;ba Njit ,y;iy. buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

31

5.mDkjpg; gj;jpu gpujpnahd;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; vd;gJ> epue;ju cWjpg; gj;jpuk; xd;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F Njitahd mbg;gil MtzkhFk;. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; mYtyfq;fspd; ke;jfukhd nraw;ghLfspdhy; ,tw;wpd; gpujpfs; mYtyfj;jpy; ,y;yhjpUf;fTk; (ntF mupjhf) rhj;jpaq;fs; cs;sd. vt;thwhapDk;> cq;fSf;F mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; gpujpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lkhapd; fPNo Fwpg;gpl;l jfty;fs; cq;fsplk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

1. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; efy; gpujp / mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; ,yf;fk; my;yJ toq;fg;gl;l jpfjp 2. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; cupikahsupd; ngaH 3. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l fhzp mike;Js;s fpuhkk; 4. ,lj;jpd; msT kw;Wk; ehd;F vy;iyfs; 5. njupAkhapd; #oTs;s fhzpapd; tpguq;fs; Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l tplaq;fs; epidtpy; ,Uf;Fkhapd; mtw;iw Fwpg;gpl;L fpuhk NrtfH / Fbrd mjpfhup Clhf gpuNjr nrayhsUf;F fbjk; xd;iw rkHg;gpf;f KbAk;. mjd; gpd;dH gpujpnahd;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd fl;lzj;jpw;fhd Kj;jpiufis gjpj;J rkHg;gpjd; %yk;> gpujpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; gpujpiag; Nghd;Nw mjDld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l gjpNtl;bd; gpujpAk; midj;J gpuNjr nrayfj;jpw;Fk; mDg;gp itf;fg;gLk;. mjdhy;> mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; Kjy; gpujp fhzhky; NghFk;gl;rj;jpy; my;yJ moptilAk;gl;rj;jpy; mjd; cupikahsNuh my;yJ mLj;j cupikahsNuh cWjp nra;j gpujpia NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l Kiwapy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

32 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

fhzhky; Nghd my;yJ moptile;j mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; / cWjpg; gj;jpu gpujpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ vt;thW? mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; / cWjpg; gj;jpuk; vd;gJ kpfTk; gaDs;s MtzkhFk;. mit fhzhky; Nghdjd; gpd;dH gpujp xd;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F Kaw;rpg;gjpYk;> jk;kplk; cs;s Kjy; gpujpia ghJfhg;gNj rpwe;jJ. ,jd; nghUl;L: 1. ,aYkhapd; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; / mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid nghypj;jPd; %yk; fhj;J (nykpNdl;bq;) itj;Jf; nfhs;sy;.

2. efy; gpujp my;yJ rhd;wspf;fg;gl;l gpujpfis vLj;J jdpj; jdpahf itj;Jf; nfhs;sy;.

3. xt;nthU cWjpg; gj;jpuk; / mDkjpg; gj;jpuKk; ntt;NtW ghJfhg;ghd Nfhg;Gfspy; ghJfhg;ghf itj;jpUf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

4. mt;thNw Nfhg;gpy; Fwpj;J itj;jy;.

5. ,t;thwhd Mtzq;fs; mlq;fpa Nfhg;Gf;fis kpfTk; ghJfhg;ghd ,lq;fspy; gj;jpug;gLj;jp itj;jy; kpfTk; rpwe;jJ.

5.1 ePz;l fhy Fj;jif gj;jpuj;jpd; / gpujhd gj;jpuj;jpd; / Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd;

/ ifAjpHj;jy; gj;jpuj;jpd; (nehj;jhup];

gj;jpuj;jpd;) efy; gpujpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ vt;thW? NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l Mtzq;fspd; (ifAjpHj;jy; / nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuq;fs; jtpu) efy; gpujp gpuNjr nrayfq;fspy; ,Ug;gpDk;> khtl;l fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; cs;s efy; gpujpapd;> khtl;l fhzp gjpthsupdhy; rhd;wspf;fg;gl;l efy; gpujpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tNj kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l midj;J Mtzq;fSk;> fhzp gjpT nra;jy; mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ljd; gpd;dH mq;F midj;J gpujpfSk; ,wg;gH Kj;jpiu ,lg;gl;L> me;j cWjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ Mtzk; ve;j Gj;jfj;jpy;> vj;jidahtJ gf;fj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

33

mt;thNw Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l cWjpg; gj;jpuk; Mtzj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ljhd; nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; (cupik khw;wg;gLk; NghJ> mlF itf;fg;gLk; NghJ) vOjg;gLk;. midj;J nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpYk;> Kd; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fkhapd;> gj;jpuj;jpd; Nkw;gFjpapy; mJ Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mjd; mbg;gilapy;> fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpdhy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba Fwpg;gpl;l tpz;zg;gg; gj;jpuj;jpd; gjpT Fwpj;j jfty;fis Fwpg;gpl;L> epHzapf;fg;gl;Ls;s Kj;jpiuia tpz;zg;gg; gj;jpuj;jpy; xl;b jkJ cWjpg; gj;jpuk; / Mtzj;ij rhd;wspj;j gpujpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. vdpDk;> fhzpapd; cupikahsH my;yJ rl;lj;juzp my;yJ nehj;jhup]; xUtNu ,e;j tpz;zg;g gj;jpuj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;L Nfhu KbAk;. ,J njhlHgpy; Nkyjpf tpguk; Njitahapd; khtl;l fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

5.2 cWjpg; gj;jpuq;fspy; kw;Wk; mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fspy;

jtWfis jpUj;jpf; nfhs;tJ vt;thW? fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; LDO cq;fSila mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;ij thrpj;J ghHf;Fk; NghJ> fPo; fhzg;gLk; FiwghLfs; fhzg;gLkhapd; mtw;iw jpUj;j Ntz;Lk;.

1. ngaH gpioahf Fwpf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; 2. fhzp ,yf;fk; gpioahf Fwpf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; 3. vy;iy gpioahf Fwpf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; 4. fhzpapd; msT gpioahf Fwpf;fg;g;lbUj;jy; ,J njhlHgpy; Fbrd mjpfhup my;yJ fpuhk NrtfH mwpf;ifAld; gpuNjr nrayhsupid re;jpj;J> mtuplk; tpsf;fk; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;. NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l FiwghLfis gpuNjr nrayhsuhy; jpUj;j KbAk;.

34 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

6.fhzp cupik khw;wy; (tpw;wy;)> mlF itj;jy; jdpahH / ifAjpHj;jy; fhzp cupikahsupd; tpUg;gk; kw;Wk; Nfhupf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; nehj;jhup]; xUtuhy; ,jid Kd;ndLf;f KbAk;. fhzp cupik khw;wiy Fwpj;j khfhz cs;@uhl;rp epWtdk; mDkjpj;Js;s Mff; Fiwe;j vy;iyf;Fs; khj;jpuNk Kd;ndLf;f KbAk;. (rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk;> mDkjp gj;jpuk; vd;gtw;Wf;Fg; gjpyhf> rpyH gpioahd tpjj;jpy; nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; jahupf;fpd;wdH. ngUk;ghyhNdhH ,tw;iw jk;trk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;L gy;NtW mur fhupaq;fis epiwNtw;w tUthHfs;. mt;thW tUgtHfspd; Njitia mur mjpfhupfshy; epiwNtw;w KbahJ. mjdhy;> jhk; ngWk; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; njhlHgpy; Muha;e;J ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;). mt;thW murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpf;fhf toq;fg;gLk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; / ePz;l fhy Fj;jif gj;jpuk; toq;Fk; NghJ tpNrl eltbf;ifia gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;.

XOq;Fg;gLj;jp itj;jhy; rpwe;jJ jhNd? gy fhykhf fe;ijah Kjyhsp rpwg;ghf tpahghuk; nra;J tUfpd;whH. jw;NghJ tajhfptpl;likahy; tpahghuk; nra;tjid epWj;jp tpl;L Rje;jpukhf tho;e;J tUfpd;whH. mf;fhyj;jpy; Kjyhspapd; ngaUf;F murhq;fj;jpdhy; fpilj;j fhzpf;F> Kjyhsp fLk; rpukj;jpd; kj;jpapy; Fj;jif nrYj;jp cWjpg; gj;jpuk; ngw;whH. mJ ,d;W mtUf;F MWjy; mspf;fpd;wJ. jw;NghJ jkJ gps;isfSf;F ,ilapy; me;j fhzpia gfpHe;jspf;f mtH

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

35

tpUg;gk; nfhz;Ls;shH. vdNt fhzpf;F toq;f Ntz;ba Fj;jifia nrYj;Jtjw;Nf Kjyhsp gpuNjr nrayhsiu re;jpf;fr; nrd;whH. mg;NghJ jhd;> ePz;l fhy Fj;jif fhzpnahd;iw> rpW rpW gFjpfshf gpupj;J> ntt;NtW cWjpg; gj;jpuk; vOj KbahJ vd;gjid Kjyhsp mwpe;J nfhz;lhH. mJ mtuJ kdjpw;F ngUk; Ntjidahf khwpaikapdhy;> ,jid nra;tjw;F NtW topNaJk; cs;sjh vd mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F kPz;Lk; gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; nrd;whH. gpuNjr nrayhsH mspj;j gjpy; mtUf;F MWjy; jUtjhf ,Ue;jJ. fe;ijah Kjyhspf;F gpuNjr nrayhsH mwpTWj;jpaikf;F mika msitahsH xUtiu mioj;J te;J fhzpia ehd;F gFjpfshf gpupj;J> cWjpg; gj;jpuk; jahupf;f Ntz;ba tpjk; Fwpj;Jk;> tpsf;Fk; fbjj;Jld; Muk;g Fj;jif gj;jpuj;jpid murhq;fj;jplk; xg;gilj;J> tpiuthf ehd;F gps;isfSf;Fk; ntt;NtW fhzp cWjpg; gj;jpuq;fis jahupj;Jf; nfhLf;Fk; MHtj;Jld; murhq;fj;jpw;F gj;jpuk; ifaspf;fg;gLk; tpz;zg;gj;ij G+Hj;jp nra;J nfhLj;jhH. mf;fhyj;jpy; 40 NgHr;r]; vd;gJ ngupa ,lkpy;iy vd;w NghjpYk;> ,d;iwa epiyapy; jkJ gps;isfspy; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; toq;Fk; 10 NgHr;r]; md;iwa fhyj;ij tpl ngWkjpahdJ vd fe;ijah Kjyhsp epidj;jhH. filj; njhFjpf;F mUfpy; cs;sikahy;> rpwe;j njhopy; xd;iwAk; Muk;gpf;f KbAk; vd mtH epidj;jhH. mt;thW ehy;tUf;Fk; ntt;Ntwhd fhzp cWjpg; gj;jpuq;fs; cs;sikahy;> jdpj;jdpahf tq;fpf; fld; ngw;W jk;Kila tpahghuq;fis tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;s KbAk; vd fe;ijah KjyhspAld;> mf;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpahghuk; nra;J te;j ez;gH Nltpl; $wpapUe;jhH.

36 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

6.1 nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; (cWjpg; gj;jpuk;) toq;fy;

(fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fy;) fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,e;j nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gLk;. me;j KO fhzpiaAk; my;yJ gFjpia NtnwhUtupd; ngaUf;F khw;Wjy; fPo;tUk; tifapy; Kd;ndLf;fg;glyhk;. fhzpnahd;iw gFjpfshf gpupj;J toq;Fk; vz;zk; ,Ug;gpd;> ,lj;jpd; Mff; Fiwe;j miug;gFjp vd;gjd; mbg;gilia ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L> mjw;F Vw;whw; Nghy; ngauspj;jiy gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; xg;gilf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjd; nghUl;L fpuhk NrtfH mwpf;if / Fbrd mjpfhup mwpf;if Njitg;gLk;. mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fspy; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuq;fspy; Fwpj;j fhzpfs; gpupf;fg;glf; $ba Mff; Fiwe;j msT vd;d vd;gJ Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. Kd;dH me;j msT miu Vf;fH my;yJ fhy; Vf;fH vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,d;iwa fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; ,lg;gw;whf;Fiw fhuzkhf 10 NgHr;r]; tiu gfpHe;jspf;f KbAk; vd NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l mjpfhupfs; jPHkhdpj;Js;sdH. ePz;l fhy Fj;jif gj;jpukhapd; ,uz;liu NgHr;r];fs; tiu gfpHe;jspf;f KbAk;.

Nfhupf;if njhlHgpy; gpuNjr nrayhsH> fpuhk mjpfhup kw;Wk; Fbrd mjpfhupapd; gupe;Jiu Fwpj;J jpUg;jp mile;jhy;> rl;lj;juzp xUtupd; Clhf ngaH khw;wy; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; gpujpia jahupj;J rkHg;gpf;FkhW cupikahsupw;F mwptpg;ghH. Fwpj;j Mtzj;ij gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; rkHg;gpj;j gpd;dH> mjid Kiwahf jahupj;J rkHg;gpj;Js;s (nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s epge;jidfs; Mtzj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUg;gpd; kw;Wk; epHzapf;fg;gl;l Mff;Fiwe;j gFjpia epahakhf gpupf;fg;gl;l myFfSf;F nghUe;Jkhapd;) Mtzj;jpw;F mDkjp gj;jpuk; Clhf Fwpj;j rl;lj;juzpapd; ngaUf;F toq;FthH.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

37

I. gpuNjr nrayhsupd; me;j mDkjp gj;jpuj;Jld; nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; 3 gpujpfis jahupj;J khtl;l fhzp gjpthsUf;F rkHg;gpj;J gjpT nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

II. gjpT nra;ag;gLk; nehj;jhup]; gj;jpuk; toq;Fgtupd;> Kjy; gpujp - nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsH / ngaH khw;wp ngWgtuplKk;>,uz;lhtJ gpujp - gpuNjr nrayhsuplKk;> %d;whtJ gpujp - fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpYk; itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. gpd;nghU fhyj;jpy; kw;nwhU gpujp Njitahf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ> fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; cs;s ,e;j %d;whtJ gpujp ekf;F gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;. vdpDk;> mjd; nghUl;L nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; vOJk; nehj;jhup]; / rl;lj;juzpapd; ngaH> cWjpg; gj;jpu ,yf;fk; kw;Wk; gjpT nra;j jpdk; vd;gd NjitahFk;. vdNt> me;j jfty;fis epidtpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhFk;. fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gLk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; ,il gfpuy; myF kw;Wk; rupahd miug;gFjp vd ,uz;L fhuzq;fs; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; epge;jidfspy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;. mjidg; Gupe;J nfhs;tJ vkf;F gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,il gfpuy; myFfs; vd;gJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; Clhf toq;fg;gl;Ls;s fhzp gpupf;fg;glf; $ba gFjpfspd; vz;zpf;ifahFk;. cjhuzkhf> ,il gfpuy; myF 40 NgHr;r];fs; vdpd;> nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; xU Vf;fH vdpd;> ,il gfpuy; myF ¼ Vf;fuhf> mjhtJ 40 NgHr;r]hf ,Uf;Fk;.

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l cjhuzj;jpw;F mika xU Vf;fH epyj;jpd; Mff; Fiwe;j gfpuy; myF ¼ Vf;fH vdpd;> mJNt Mff; Fiwe;j miug;gFjpahFk;.

38 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

6.2 ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuk; ngaH khw;wy; ,jd; nghUl;L gpujhd ,uz;L epge;jidfis G+Hj;jp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

1. Fj;jiff;F toq;fg;gl;l Njitf;fhfNt fhzp gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

2. vt;tpj jhkjKk; ,d;wp Fj;jif gzj;ij nrYj;jp> fhzpia jilapd;wp mDgtpj;jy;.

I. NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l tplaq;fs; G+Hj;jp nra;ag;gl;bUg;gpd; rl;lj;juzp Clhf jahupf;fg;gl;l ngaH khw;wy; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;Jld; Fj;jifjhuupd; Nfhupf;if fpuhk NrtfH mjpfhup kw;Wk; Fbrd mjpfhupapd; gupe;JiuAld; Fwpj;j gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; rkHg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

II. ngaH khw;wy; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; tUlk; tiu Fj;jif toq;fg;gl;Ls;sikia cWjp nra;J rhd;wpjo; kw;Wk; gpuNjr nrayhsupd; gupe;Jiu khfhz fhzp MizahsH / gpujp fhzp MizahsH Clhf fhzp MizahsH ehafj;jpw;F rkHg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

III. fhzp Mizahsuplk; Fwpj;j Mtzq;fs; fpilj;jjd; gpd;dH> rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;s ngaH khw;w cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; Kjy; Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s epge;jidfs; midj;ijAk; cs;slf;fp jahupf;fg;gl;bUg;gpd;> vOj;J %ykhd mDkjp epHzapf;fg;gl;l eilKiwfspd; Clhf %d;W gpujpfshf gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; mDg;gg;gLk;.

IV. gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; fhzp Mizahsupd; vOj;J %ykhd mDkjp rk;ge;jg;gl;l rl;lj;juzp / nehj;jhup]_f;F toq;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH> mtuhy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l rl;l%yj;jpd; gpufhuk; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; jahupf;fg;gl;L fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l gpujp> gpuNjr nrayhsuplKk;> Kjy; gpujp ngaH khw;wg;gl;ltuplKk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vdpDk;> ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; fhzpapd; xU gFjpia khj;jpuk; toq;f KbahJ. buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

39

6.3 Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid ngaH khw;wy;

(murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gl;lJ) Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; vd;gJ murhq;fj;jpd; vJtpjkhd njhlHGk; ,y;yhJ midj;J cupikfSlDk;> ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l fhzpahFk;. mjd;gb> ,t;thwhd fhzpia ngaH khw;Wtjw;F murhq;fj;jpd; mDkjp Njit ,y;iy. vdpDk;> gFjpfshf;fp tpw;gid nra;tjhapd;> me;j gFjp Mff; Fiwe;j msthfpa> Fwpj;j khfhz cs;@uhl;rp epWtdj;jpd; mDkjpaspj;Js;s mstpid tpl Fiwe;jjhf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. nehj;jhup]; xUtupd; Kd;dpiyapy; ngaH khw;wy; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; ifnahg;gk; ,Ltjd; %yk;> ,t;thwhd fhzpia ngaH khw;Wtjw;fhd ,aYik cs;sJ.

6.4 murhq;fj;jpd; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; xd;iw tq;fp

kw;Wk; epjp epWtdj;jpy; mlF itg;gjw;F nra;a Ntz;bait 6.4.1 nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; ([aG+kp> RtHz G+kp> uj;d G+kp> ,RU G+kp> ud;gpk)

rl;lj;jpd; mDkjpg; ngw;w tq;fp / epjp epWtdj;jplk; mlF cWjpg; gj;jpu rl;l%yk; jahupj;J> mjd; nghUl;L gpuNjr nrayhsH jUk; vOj;J %y mDkjpapd; mbg;gilapy; mlFg; gj;jpuk; xd;iw jahupj;J> gjpT nra;tjd; %yk; tq;fp / epjp epWtdj;jplk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid mlF itf;f KbAk;.

6.4.2 ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuk; Fwpj;j epjp epWtdj;jpdhy; mlF cWjpg; gj;jpuk; Mtzk; jahupf;fg;gl;L> mjid gpuNjr nrayhsH kw;Wk; khfhz fhzp MizahsH / gpujp fhzp MizahsH Clhf fhzp MizahsH ehafj;jpw;F rkHg;gpj;J vOj;J %yk; mDkjp ngw Ntz;Lk;. fhzp MizahsH ehafj;jpd; vOj;J %y mDkjpapd; mbg;gilapy; mlF cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid gjpT nra;a KbAk;.

40 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

6.4.3 Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid mlF itg;gjw;F murhq;fj;jpd; ve;jnthU mjpfhupapdJk; mDkjpiag; ngWtJ mtrpaky;y. epjp epWtdk; Clhf jahupf;fg;gl;l mlF cWjpg; gj;jpuk; Clhf rhjhuz rl;lj;jpd; %yk; mlF itf;f KbAk;.

6.5 fhzp nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; kw;Wk; mDkjpg;

gj;jpuk; ,uj;Jr; nra;jy; fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; gpujhd gj;jpuj;jpid toq;fpapUg;gpd;> mjid ,uj;Jr; nra;a KbahJ. vdpDk;> gpujhd gj;jpuj;jpd; cupikahsH jkJ tpUg;gj;Jld; fhzpia murhq;fj;jpw;F xg;gilg;gjd; %yk; ,uj;Jr; nra;a KbAk;. mt;thNw>gpujhd gj;jpuj;jpd; cupikahsH my;yJ mtuJ thuprpid Njb mwpa Kbahj NghJ> mt;thwhd re;jHg;gj;jpy; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid ,uj;Jr; nra;tjw;F mjpfhuk; cs;sJ. mDkjpg; gj;jpukhapd; gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; ,uj;Jr; nra;a KbAk;. mJ fPo;tUk; fhuzq;fSf;fhf kl;Lk;: 1. fhzpapy; tjpahik 2. mgptpUj;jp nra;ahik 3. rl;lj;jpw;F jPq;F Vw;gLk; tifapy; gad;gLj;jy;. mt;thW ,uj;Jr; nra;tjhapd;> mjd; nghUl;L gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; epHzapf;fg;gl;l gj;jpuj;jpd; Clhf mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsUf;F mwptpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mjd; NghJ mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsUf;F mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid ,uj;Jr; nra;ahjpUg;gjw;fhd fhuzq;fis Kd; itg;gjw;fhd cupik cs;sJ. ,J njhlHgpy; cq;fSila tpNrl ftdk; Nghd;Nw> vr;rupf;ifAld; ,Ug;gJk; cq;fSila fhzpapd; cupikia ghJfhg;gjw;F cq;fSf;F cjTk;.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

41

mt;thNw> mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;Jld; $ba fhzpf;F> fhzpia ed;whf mgptpUj;jp nra;a KbAkhapd; khj;jpuNk nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F cupik fpilf;Fk;. ,J njhlHgpYk; ePq;fs; tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

6.6 murhq;fk; fhzpia jd;trkhf;fy; / ifg;gw;wy; murhq;fk; fhzpia ,lk;ngWk;.

jd;trkhf;fy;

,uz;L

tpjq;fspy;

1. murhq;fj;jpw;F nrhe;jkhd ,lnkhd;iw egnuhUtH rl;ltpNuhjkhf ifg;gw;wpapUg;gpd;> rl;ltpNuhjkhf Mf;fpukpj;jtiu tpul;b tpl;L> cupikia kPz;Lk; murhq;f fhzp tpLg;G kPz;Lk; vLj;jy; rl;lj;jpd; Vw;ghLfspd; fPo; murhq;fk; jkjhf;fpf; nfhs;Sk;.

2. murhq;fj;jpdhy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; mbg;gilapy; toq;fg;gl;l fhzpia kPz;Lk; murhq;fk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;. fhzp ifafg;gLj;jy; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,e;j eltbf;if Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. ,jd; fPo; eguhy; nra;ag;gl;l mgptpUj;jpf;fhf kw;Wk; fhzpf;fhf murhq;fj;jpw;F mtuhy; toq;fg;gl;l njhif vd;gd ,Ug;gpd;> mjd; nghUl;L fhzp ifafg;gLj;jy; epWtdj;jpd; Clhf el;l <L njhif toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW ,lj;ij ifafg;gLj;jYf;F gj;jpupif tpsk;guk;> tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jy; Clhf el;l <L kw;Wk; cupik guprPyid elj;jy; Nghd;w ePz;l fhy nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

3. egHfs; trKs;s ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l fhzp mur Njitapd; mbg;gilapy; murhq;fj;jpdhy; ifafg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sYk;> fhzp ifafg;gLj;jy; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. ,jd; nghUl;L NkNy cs;s ge;jpapy; Fwpg;gpl;lthW fhzp ifafg;gLj;jy; rl;lj;jpd; Vw;ghLfSf;F mika Kd;ndLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

42 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

6.7 fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;

toq;fg;gLk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; kw;Wk;

murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;

toq;fg;gLk; ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuk;

vd;gtw;wpw;F ,ilapyhd NtWghL kw;Wk; gad;ghL fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lk;

murhq;f fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lk;

fhzp gfpHe;jspf;fg;gLk; tpjk;

fhzp fr;Nrup Kiwapd; fPo; kw;Wk; Njitaw;w fhzpfis rl;lj;jpw;Fs; nfhz;L tUtJ

fhzp toq;fg;gLk; Nehf;fk;

tjptjw;F kw;Wk; gapHnra;iff;F

ahUf;fhf toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ

tptrhapfSf;F> Fiwe;j tUkhdk; ngWgtHfSf;F>fw;w ,isQHfSf;F> kw;Wk; mjpf tUkhdk; ngWgtHfSf;F> ,yq;if gpui[fSf;F

fhzp toq;ff; $ba gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; msT

efuq;fspy; tHj;jf fhzpfis ,e;j rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;f KbahJ. ngUkstpyhd ,lj;jpid kf;fSf;F toq;f KbahJ

fhzp fr;Nrup Kiw> fhzp tpw;gid Nfs;tp mwptpj;jy; kw;Wk; Njitaw;w epahakhdjhf;fy; vd;gtw;Wf;fhf nfsut mikr;rupd; mDkjp ve;jnthU Nehf;fj;jpw;fhfTk; gapHnra;iff;F> tjptjw;F> tHj;jf> njhopy; eltbf;iff;F> kj> nghJ> tpisahl;L kw;Wk; tpNrl nray;jpl;lq;fSf;F egHfs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fSf;F> murhq;f CopaHfSf;F> kj;jpa tFg;gpdUf;F> mjpf tUkhdk; ngWgtHfSf;F> rkpj;jp rq;fq;fSf;F> murpayikg;Gr; rig> cs;@uhl;rp rig Nghd;w ve;jnthU egUf;Fk;> epWtdj;jpw;Fk; ,yq;if gpui[fs; my;yhjtHfSf;Fk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk; ve;;jg; gFjpapy; cs;s ,lj;ijAk; ,e;j rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;f KbAk; toq;Fk; mstpy; fl;Lg;ghL ,y;iy.

tplak;

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

43

toq;fg;gLk; Mtzk; / cWjpg; gj;jpuk;

NtW tpNrl mk;rq;fs;

Kjypy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid toq;fp> mjpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s epge;jidfis epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dH> ,uz;lhtjhf nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; (ifAjpHj;jy; cWjpg; gj;jpuk;) toq;fg;gLk;.

Kjypy; Fj;jif Mtzk; (mDkjp) toq;fp> gpd;dH ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gLk;. jq;Fkplj; Njitf;F toq;fg;gl;l fhzpf;fhf khj;jpuk; Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; (ifAjpHj;jy; cWjpg; gj;jpuk;) toq;fg;gLk;. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; gpuNjr nrayhsH [dhjpgjp ifnahg;gkpLthH ifnaOj;jpLthH. epge;jidfs; kPwg;gLk; ,J [dhjpgjp kw;Wk; mbg;gilapy; Fj;jifjhuH Mfpa mDkjpg; ,uz;L jug;gpdUf;F gj;jpuj;jpid ,uj;Jr; ,ilapyhd nra;a KbAk; cld;gbf;ifahFk;.

Fj;jif mwtply; tUlhe;j Fj;jif ,lk;ngwhJ njhifia nrYj;j ,ytrkhf Ntz;Lk;. toq;fg;gLk; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; tiuglk; toq;fg;gLk; re;jHg;gj;jpy; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. fhzpf;fhf vy;iy fhzp gjpT nra;jy; fy; itj;J cWjpg; mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT gj;jpuj;jpw;F tiuglk; nra;ag;gLk;.

,izf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; [dhjpgjpNa ifnaOj;jpLthH. nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;ij jkJ tpUg;gj;jpd; Ngupy; murhq;fj;jplk; xg;gilf;f KbAk;. ,uj;Jr; nra;tjw;F nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsupd; tpUg;gk; mtrpakhFk;.

44 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

cld;gbf;ifia xU jug;G khj;jpuk; ,uj;Jr; nra;a KbahJ.

ngaH khw;wk; Gupa KbAk; vd;w NghjpYk;> rl;l %yj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s kl;Lg;ghLfSf;F Vw;g Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk;. %d;whtJ Jiz gpuptpd; fPo; cwtpdUf;F my;yJ tptrha nray;jpl;lj;jpd; xUtUf;F Gwk;ghf xUtUf;F toq;f KbahJ. mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l epjp epWtdq;fspy; mlF itf;f KbAk;. kuzj;jpd; gpd;dH kidtpf;F fhzp cupik fpilf;Fk;. mLj;j thupR ahH vd;gjid ngaupl KbAk;. mLj;j thuprpd; ngaiu Fwpg;gplhjgl;rj;jpy; %j;j kfDf;F cupik nry;Yk;. gpujpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. fhzp gjpT nra;jy; mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT nra;a KbAk;.

ngaH khw;wNth> mlF itf;fNth KbAk; fhzpapd; xU gFjpia ngaH khw;w KbahJ efy; gpujp ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. mLj;j thuprpid Fwpg;gpLtjw;F cWjpahd kWrPuikg;G ,y;iy ePz;l fhy cWjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; vd;gtw;Wldhd fhzpfSf;F ehl;bd; rhjhuz rl;lk; gad;gLk;.

NkNy $wg;gl;l tpsf;fj;jpw;F mika mjpf tUkhdk; ngWgtHfSf;F / kj;jpa tFg;gpdUf;F murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpf;fhf ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. mjd; nghUl;L murhq;fj;jpw;F Fj;jif njhifia nrYj;j NeupbDk;>murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid ngWtNj gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;. jq;Fkpl eltbf;iffSf;fhf mjidg; ngw;wpUe;jhy;> Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpidg; ngWtjw;F cq;fSf;F cupik cs;sJ.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

45

7.tho;f;if cupik tho;f;if cupik vdg;gLtJ> fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gLk; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; cupikahsH capupoe;j gpd;dH> me;j fhzpf;fhd cupikj;Jtk; ngWjyhFk;. ,q;F cupikahsH fztuhapd;>tho;f;if cupik kidtpf;Fr; nry;Yk;. fhzpapd; cupikahsH kidtpahapd;> tho;f;if cupik fztUf;Fr; nry;Yk;. mLj;j thuprpd; ngaH Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhYk;> Fwpg;gplg;glh tpl;lhYk;> tho;f;if cupikf;F vJtpjkhd ,ilA+Wk; ,y;iy. mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s re;jHg;gj;jpy;> mjd; cupikahsH ,we;j gpd;dH tho;f;if cupikahsupd; ngaupy; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;ij ntspapl KbAkhapDk;> tho;f;if cupikahsuhd mtUf;F> my;yJ mtUf;Fg; gpd;duhd mLj;j thuprpid ngaupLtNjh> jkf;F tpUg;gkhdtUf;F ngaH khw;Wtjw;fhd cupik ,y;iy. ,lj;ij tpw;gid nra;tJ> gFjpfshf;FtJ my;yJ gpupg;gJ jtpu NtW ve;j tifapYk; cupikia mDgtpf;fyhk;. fhzpia mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd cupikAk; mtUf;F cs;sJ.

7.1 fhzp njhlHgpy; $wg;gLk; trjpAupik vd;gjd;

mHj;jk; vd;d? trjpAupik vdg;gLtJ fhzp njhlHgpy; kw;WnkhU egUf;F mDgtpg;gjw;F ,Uf;ff; $ba xU cupikahFk;. cjhuzkhf> tPjp trjpAupik vdg;gLtJ tPjpia gad;gLj;jp te;jpUg;ghuhapd;> mjidj; njhlHe;Jk; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd cupikahFk;.

46 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

7.2 Kjy; cupik kw;Wk; mLj;j cupikfs; fl;lis

vdg;gLtJ vd;d? fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ntspaplg;gLk; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; (RtHz G+kp> [a G+kp> ,uj;d G+kp> ,RU G+kp kw;Wk; ud;gpk) vd;gtw;WlDk;> fhzp gpujhd (tpNrl Vw;ghLfs;) rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gLk; epahjd rhjd gj;jpuk; njhlHgpYk; ,e;j tplak; rk;ge;jg;gl;ljhFk;. nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; / mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; cupikahsH Kjy; cupikahsH vd;w tifapy; mjpfhuk; nfhz;bUg;ghH. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpw;fhf mLj;j thuprpid ngaupl KbAk;. Kjy; mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsH my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsH capupoe;jjd; gpd;dH mLj;j thuprhf ngauplg;gl;Ls;stHfSf;F KO cupikAk; toq;fg;gLk;. ,q;F mDkjpg; gj;jpu ngaH> mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsupd; ngaH jpUj;jk; nra;tjw;F my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; ngaiu gpuNjr nrayhsH Clhf fhzp gjpthsuplk; mDg;gp KOik nra;Ak; gbtj;jpd; Clhf mLj;j cupikahsuplk; KO cupikAk; xg;gilf;fg;gLk;.

jtW ahUilaJ Re;juk; fle;j rpy ehl;fshf fLk; Nahridapy; Mo;e;Js;shH. tPl;by; cs;stHfSld; mjpfk; fijg;gjpy;iy.

NtiyfSk; nra;tjpy;iy.

Kd;dH ve;NeuKk; RWRWg;gha; Ntiy nra;J te;j Re;juk;> ,d;W tPl;by; cs;s rpW Ntiyiaf; $lr; nra;tjpy;iy. jkf;F cs;s gpur;rpidia tha; jpwe;J tPl;by; cs;stHfsplk; nrhy;Yk; ijupaKk; Re;juj;jplk; ,y;iy.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

47

Re;juj;jpd; tPl;by; cs;stHfs;> mjhtJ Re;juj;jpd; mk;kh> mg;gh> mz;zh> mf;fh vd fpuhkj;jpy; xw;WikAld; tho;e;j FLk;gk;. Re;juj;jpd; mz;zh murhq;f Ntiy ngw;W NtW fpuhkj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W rpy tUlq;fshfpd;wd. mtH mq;NfNa epue;ju gjptpidg; ngw;Ws;shH. mf;fhTk; jpUkzk; Gupe;J NtW tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;Wtpl;lhH. ,g;NghJ ,e;j tPl;by; Re;juKk;> mtuJ mk;khTk;> mg;ghTNk vQ;rpAs;sdH. FLk;gj;jpd; filf;Fl;b vd;gjhy; ngw;NwhUld; tPl;bNyNa jq;fp tpl;l Re;juk; ,Jtiu kfpo;r;rpahfNt ,Ue;jhH. ,e;j epiyapy; tPjp tpgj;njhd;wpy; Re;juj;jpd; mg;gh kuzkile;jhH. mjidj; njhlHe;Jk; mk;khTk; RftPdkile;jhH. mg;ghtpd; kuzj;jpd; gpd;dH xU tUlj;jpy; nra;a Ntz;ba rlq;FfSf;F tPl;ilj; jpUj;jp mikf;f epidj;j Re;juk;> tPl;bd; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;ij mlF itj;J fld; ngWtjw;F jpl;lkpl;lhH. ,jd; nghUl;L fhzp cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid ngaH khw;Wtjw;F nrd;w NtisapNyNa ,e;j gpur;rpid cUntLj;jJ. mjpfhupfs; $Wk; tifapy; jw;NghJ mk;khtpw;F fhzpapd; cupik ,y;iy. mk;khtpw;F ,Ug;gJ mDgtpg;gjw;fhd cupik khj;jpuNk. fhzpapd; cupikia Re;juj;jpd; ngaUf;F vOJtjw;F mk;kh tpUk;gpdhYk;> rl;lj;jpy; mjw;fhd re;jHg;gk; ,y;iy. ,jdhy;> ntF njhiytpy; cs;s jkJ mz;zdplk; Re;juk; njhiyNgrpapy; fijj;jhH. ,jd;NghJ mz;zh tPl;by; ,y;yhikahy;> njhiyNgrpapy; fijj;j mz;zdpd; kidtp> jkf;F vJtpjkhd epyGyd;fSk; ,d;ikahy;> me;j fhzpia ek;gpNa ,Ug;gjhf njuptpj;Js;shH. jkf;Fg; gpd;dH ,e;j fhzp Re;juj;jpw;F nrhe;jkhFk; vd> mtuJ ngw;NwhH vg;NghJk; 48 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

$wp te;jdH. ngw;Nwhiu jdpj;J tpl;Lr; nry;y KbahJ vd;w fhuzj;jpw;fhfNt> Re;juk; kfhtyp fhzp toq;fg;gl;l re;jHg;gj;jpYk;> vJtpj tpz;zg;gKk; nra;ahJ ,q;NfNa ,Ue;jhH. mJ khj;jpukpd;wp ,e;j fhzp jkf;F cupj;jhFk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapNyNa fld; ngw;W fhzpapy; njq;Fr; nra;ifapy; <Lgl;lhH. Mdhy;> Re;juj;jpw;F jUtjw;F ngw;NwhH tpUk;gpa fhzp jw;NghJ mtuJ mz;zDf;Fj; Njitahf cs;sJ. mg;gh capUld; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ ,e;j fhzpapd; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;F gpd;dH mLj;j thuprpid ngaupLtjw;F re;jHg;gk; ,Ue;Js;sJ. ,y;iynadpd;> ,Wjp capypyhtJ ,e;j fhzpia Re;juj;jpd; ngaupy; vOjp itj;jpUf;fyhk;. Mdhy;> me;j fpuhkj;jpy; ,e;j rl;l rpf;fy;fs; Fwpj;j njspT kf;fsplk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. jw;NghJ Re;juk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; cs;shH. fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; cq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy;> cq;fSf;Fg; gpd;dH fhzpapd; cupik cq;fSf;F mLj;jjhf ahUf;Fr; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;gjid jpfjp> Neuk; vd;gtw;iw Fwpg;gpl;L njspthf vOjp itf;f KbAk;. mt;thW mLj;j cupikahsH my;yJ cupikahsHfspd; ngaiu vOjp itg;gJ cq;fSila flikahFk;. Re;juj;jpd; je;ij mjidr; nra;jpUe;jhy;> ,d;W Re;juk; ,e;j rpf;fiy vjpHnfhz;bUf;f khl;lhH. ,J njhlHgpy; kf;fSf;F tpopg;GzHT Vw;gLj;JtJ murhq;f mjpfhupfspd; flikahFk;.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

49

7.3 mLj;j cupikahsH vdg;gLgtHfs; ahH? fhzpapd; mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsH / nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsupd; tpUg;gj;jpd; Ngupy; mtUf;Fg; gpd;dH me;j fhzpapd; gFjpf;F fpilf;Fk; cupik mLj;j cupik vdg;gLfpd;wJ. mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsH my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsUf;F jkf;Fg; gpd;dH fhzp ahUf;F nrhe;jkhf Ntz;Lk; vd;gjid jpfjp> Neuj;Jld; ngaupLtjw;F fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpy; trjpfs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jd; mbg;gilapy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;F> gpuNjr nrayfj;jpw;F Kd;itf;fg;gLk; tpz;zg;gj;jpw;F mika mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; mLj;j cupikahsupid ngaupl my;yJ ngaH khw;w KbAk;. ,jd; nghUl;L Fbrd mjpfhup / fpuhk Nrtfupd; gupe;Jiu ngwg;gLk;. fhzpapd; msT kw;Wk; mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; epge;jidfSf;F mika mLj;j cupikahsH my;yJ cupikahsHfs; gyupid ngaupl KbAk;. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; mjd; mYtyfg; gpujp kw;Wk; gjpNtl;L Mtzk; Mfpa %d;wpYk; mLj;j cupikahsupd; ngaH Fwpg;gplg;gl;L> mjpfhupapdhy; ifnahg;gkplg;gl;L> jpfjp Fwpf;fg;gl;L> mur Kj;jpiu ,lg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. xOq;Ffspd; mbg;gilapy; mJ eilngWtJ Fwpj;J mtjhdkhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J Fwpj;J mjpfhupfsplk; Nfl;lwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F cq;fSf;F cupik cs;sJ. cq;fSila nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; mLj;j cupikahsupd; ngaiu Fwpg;gply; kw;Wk; khw;wy; fhzp Mizahsupd; 155MtJ khjpupapd; Clhf Kd;ndLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. me;j khjpupg; gbtj;ij g+Hj;jp nra;J rkhjhd ePjthd; Clhf cWjp nra;ag;gl;L> gpuNjr nrayhsH Clhf fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpw;F mDg;gp gjpT nra;J nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. mLj;j cupikahsiu ngauply; my;yJ jpUj;jk; nra;jy; fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy;> mDkjpg; gj;jpu / nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsH kuzpg;gjw;F Kd;dH gjpT nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iynadpd;> rl;luPjpahdjhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl 50 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

khl;lhJ. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; fhzp cupik cs;s vkJ KjpatHfSf;F mjd; mLj;j cupikahsupd; (,uz;lhtJ cupik) ngaiu Fwpg;gpl KbahJ NghFk;. ,t;thNw NtW cWjpg; gj;jpu tiffspd; Clhf fhzpfSf;F ,Uf;ff; $ba cupikfis ,Wjp capy; gj;jpuk; Clhf khw;wp toq;f KbAk;. fhzp cupikahsH ,Wjp capy; gj;jpuk; gytw;iw vOj KbAk;. vdpDk;> ,Wjpahf vOjg;gl;lNj Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,q;F Mtzj;ij fhzp cupikahsupd; kuzj;jpd; gpd;dH> 3 khjq;fshtjw;F Kd;dH ePjpkd;wj;jpy; rkHg;gpj;J mq;fPfhuk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW mq;fPfhuk; mspf;fg;gl;ljhf ntspaplg;gLk; Mtzk; capy; nka;g;gpj;jy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; vd mwpag;gLk;. ePjpkd;w gjpthsupd; fbjk; kw;Wk; ,e;j mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid cq;fSila rl;lj;juzpapdhy; fhzp gjpthsUf;F rkHg;gpj;J gjpT nra;J nfhs;s KbAk;.

• mLj;j cupikahsH / cupikahsHfis jPHkhdpj;jyhdJ> mDkjpg; gj;jpu / nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsHfshy; vj;jid KiwAk; Kd;ndLf;fg;glyhk;.

• mDkjpg; gj;jpu / nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsupd; tho;f;if Jiz (fztd; my;yJ kidtp) my;yJ ,uj;j cwtpdHfisNa mLj;j cupikahsuhf ngaupl KbAk;. (fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; %d;whtJ ml;ltizapd;mbg;gilapy; ,e;j ,uj;j cwTfs; ahtH vd;gJ fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jw;F ntspapy; cs;s vtiuAk; mLj;j cupikahsuhf ngaupl KbahJ.

7.4 %d;whtJ ml;ltizapd; gpufhuk; cwtpdHfs;* 1. kfd; 5. je;ij 9. khkh 12. kUkfs;

2. kfs; 6. jha; 10.khkp

3. Ngud; 7. rNfhjud; 11. kUkfd;

4. Ngj;jp 8. rNfhjup

*(fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; 51MtJ kw;Wk; 72MtJ cWg;Giuapd; %d;whtJ ml;ltizapy; fhzp nraw;ghLfs; njhFg;gpy; 35MtJ gf;fk;) buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

51

ve;jnthU mDkjp gj;jpu my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsUk;> jkJ gj;jpuq;fSf;F mLj;j cupikahsiu ngauplhJ kuzkilAk; gl;rj;jpy;> mtuJ tho;f;if Jizf;F (fztd; / kidtp) me;j fhzpapd; tho;f;if cupik fpilf;Fk;. fhzpr; nraw;ghLfspy; tho;f;ifj; Jiz vdg;gLgtHfs; cupikahsupd; fztd; my;yJ kidtpahFk;. ve;jnthU fhzpf;Fk; cupikahsupd; kiwtpd; gpd;dH mLj;j cupikahsH vd;w mjpfhuk; tho;f;ifj; Jizapd; kuzj;jpd; gpd;dNu fpilf;Fk;. ,jd; mbg;gilapy; mtuJ tho;f;ifapd; ,Wjp tiu fhzpia mDgtpg;gjw;fhd cupik fpilf;Fk;.

Mdhy;> Fwpj;j tho;f;if Jiz NtW kzk; nra;J nfhz;lhy; me;j cupik nry;Ygbaw;wjhfp tpLk;. tho;f;ifj; Jizapd; kuzj;jpd; gpd;dH me;j fhzpapd; cupik> ,e;j Mtzj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l xOq;fpy; %j;jtHfSf;F khj;jpuk; cupj;jhFk;. mjhtJ> mLj;j cupikahsH ngauplg;gltpy;iynadpd;> fhzp vt;tsT ngupajhf ,Ue;jhYk;> xUtUf;F khj;jpuNk cupik fpl;Lk;. kfd; ,y;yhjgl;rj;jpy; khj;jpuNk kfSf;F cupik fpl;Lk;. kfd;> kfs; vtUk; ,y;yhjgl;rj;jpy;> gl;baypy; jug;gl;Ls;s xOq;fpy; NguHfSf;F cupik fpl;Lk;.

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l FOf;fSf;F cl;gl;l cwtpdHfs; ,y;yhjgl;rj;jpy; je;ij> jha; Mfpa xOq;fpy; Fwpg;gpl;ltHfSf;F KO cupikAk; fpl;Lk;.

Mdhy;> %d;whtJ ml;ltizf;F mika %j;j Mz; gps;isf;F khj;jpuNk cupik fpilg;gjd; Clhf jw;NghJ gy r%fg; gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;j ml;ltizapd; mbg;gilapy; kfSf;F ,uz;lhtJ ,lNk fpilf;fpd;wJ. mjhtJ> kfd; ,y;yhj gl;rj;jpy; khj;jpuNk kfSf;F Kjy; cupik fpilf;fpd;wJ. mt;thNw> filrpg; gps;is fhzp mgptpUj;jp nra;J nfhz;L trpj;J te;jhYk;> %d;whtJ ml;ltizapd; mjpfhukspj;jypd; Clhf> jkJ %j;j mz;zhTf;F fhzp cupj;jhtjhy;> mq;fpUe;J ntspNaw Ntz;ba epHg;ge;jk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. 52 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

,e;j rkepiy ,d;ik fhuzkhf %d;whtJ ml;ltizapy; jpUj;jk; nfhz;L tUtjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. mDkjpg; gj;jpu / nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsH capUld; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ mLj;j cupikahsH my;yJ cupikahsHfis ngaupLtjdhy; ,e;j rpf;fyhd epiyikia jzpf;f KbAk;. ehk; ,e;j Gj;jfj;jpd; gy ,lq;fspy; fl;lis> mLj;j cupik> Kjy; cupik> tho;f;if cupik Nghd;w gjq;fis $wpAs;Nshk;. ,e;j tplaq;fs; njhlHgpy; rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; cq;fSf;F fl;lhak; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba Njit Vw;gLk;. mt;thwhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; fpuhk NrtfH my;yJ gpuNjr nrayhsiu re;jpg;gJ kpfTk; cfe;jJ.

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8.fhzp msj;jy;

fhzpia msj;jy; eltbf;if tpNrl gapw;rp ngw;w egHfshy; (msitahsHfs;) Kd;ndLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. fhzpnahd;iw msf;Fk; NghJ ,uz;L tplaq;fs; njhlHgpy; ftdk; nrYj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

1. fhzpia mse;J vy;iyf; fy; ,ly; 2. Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l msj;jy; nraw;ghl;il tiuglkhf;fy; (Plan) fhzp msg;gtHfs; %d;W tifg;gLtH: • murhq;f msitahsHfs; (msitahsH ehafj;jpd; fPo;) • fr;Nrup msitahsHfs; • mq;fPfhuk; ngw;w msitahsHfs; (jdpahH msitahsHfs;) 54 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

8.1 murhq;f msitahsHfs; murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpfis> msitahsH ehafj;jpd; fPo; cs;s ,e;j murhq;f msitahsHfs; khj;jpuNk msf;f KbAk;. fhzp msj;jypd; KOikahd mjpfhuk; nfhz;ltH msitahsH ehafk;. kpfTk; gioikahd epWtdkhd msitahsH jpizf;fsk; Mq;fpNyaHfspd; Ml;rp Kjy; (1871) ,yq;ifapy; msj;jy; eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;L> epy tiuglq;fis jahupj;J tUfpd;wJ. fhzp rk;ge;jg;gl;l nraw;ghLfspy; ,e;j tiuglq;fs; kpfTk; gaDs;sit. msitahsH jahupj;j tiuglq;fSf;Fs;: • ,Wjp fpuhk tiuglk; / khjpup FVP (Final Village Plan) • ,Wjp efu tiuglk; / khjpup - FTP (Final Town Plan) • ,Wjp Fbrd tiuglk; / khjpup- FCP (Final Colony Plan) ehl;bd; gy;NtW mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghLfspy; ,e;j tiuglq;fs; kpfTk; gaDs;sit. msitahsH ehafj;jpd; khtl;l jiytuhf khtl;l msitahsH mj;jpal;rfH ,Uf;fpd;whH.

8.2 fr;Nrup msitahsHfs; vy;iyg; gpur;rpid / vy;iyia kPz;Lk; epHzapj;jy; / ePjpkd;w cj;jutpd; Ngupy; msj;jy; / vy;iy jpl;lkply; Nghd;w eltbf;iffis ,tHfs; Kd;ndLg;gH. vy;iyf; fy; ,ly; my;yJ gzk; ngw;W msj;jy; my;yJ ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l fhzpia msj;jy; vd;gtw;wpid Kd;ndLg;gjw;F mtHfSf;F rl;luPjpahd mjpfhuk; ,y;iy.

8.3 mjpfhuk; ngw;w msitahsHfs; jdpg;gl;l msj;jy; nraw;ghLfs; ,tHfshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l / jdpahH fhzp njhlHgpy; msj;jy; ,tHfshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. ,tHfs; msitahsH ehafj;jpd; mDkjpiag; ngw;W fl;lzk; mwtpl;L mur fhzpfis msf;f

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KbAk;. vdpDk;> me;j msj;jy; nraw;ghLfis khtl;l msj;jy; mj;jpal;rHfs; fz;fhzpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJld;> fl;lzk; epHzapf;fg;gl;L> Fwpg;gpl;l rjtPjk; murhq;fj;jpw;F nrYj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thNw jahupf;fg;gl;l msj;jy; tiuG mj;jpal;rfuhy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

8.4 murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpia msj;jy; nraw;ghL ,e;j nraw;ghLfspy; Kjypy; gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; msj;jy; cj;juT khtl;l msitahsH mj;jpal;rfUf;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mjd; gpd;dH mtuJ Nkw;ghHitapd; fPo; msit mjpfhupfspdhy; msj;jy; nraw;ghL Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. mjidj; njhlHe;J msj;jy; mj;jpal;rfH mYtyfj;jpy; tiuglk; jahupj;J %d;W gpujpfshf gpuNjr nrayf mYtyj;jpw;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gLk;. ,e;j gpujpfspy; xd;W khfhz fhzp MizahsH nghWg;gpYk;> kw;iwaJ gpuNjr nrayhsH nghWg;gpYk;> kw;iwaJ fpuhk NrtfH nghWg;gpYk; ,Uf;Fk;. Kjy; gpujp msitahsH mj;jpal;rfH nghWg;gpy; ,Uf;Fk;.

efUk; vy;iyf; fy; kPdhl;rp kw;Wk; Re;jupapd; tPLfs; mUfUfpy; mike;Js;sd. ePz;l fhykhf maypy; trpj;J te;j NghjpYk;> ,U FLk;gj;jpdUf;F ,ilapYk; rpNefk; ,y;iy. kPdhl;rp tPl;by; ,lk;ngWk; jpUkz epfo;TfSf;F khj;jpuky;y> mz;ikapy; ,lk;ngw;w kuztPl;bw;Fk; Re;jup nry;ytpy;iy. mtHfSf;F ,ilapyhd cwT kpfTk; me;epakhdjhf ,Ue;jJ. ,Wjpapy;> fpuhkj;jpd; kuz epthuz rq;fj;jplkpUe;J jg;gpg;gjw;fhf kahdj;jpw;F khj;jpuk; nrd;W te;jhH.

56 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

,e;j ,U FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk; ,ilapy; ePbf;Fk; giff;F> ,U tPl;L fhzpfspdJk; vy;iyg; gpur;rpidNa Muk;gk; vd;gjid fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s midtUk; mwptH. ,UtUk; neUq;fpa cwtpdHfshf ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> ,e;j cwT Kiwia kwe;J vy;iy Kuz;ghl;by; <Lgl;Ls;sdH. ngupatHfs; kj;jpapy; ,e;j Kuz;ghL fhzg;gl;lhYk;> ngupatHfs; tPl;by; ,y;yhj re;jHg;gj;jpy; rpWtHfs; xd;whf ,ize;J tpisahLthHfs;.

Re;jupapd; fztH uhirah> kPdhl;rpapd; FLk;gj;jpdH rpy ehl;fs; jy ahj;jpiu nrd;wpUe;j re;jHg;gj;jpy;> ,UtUf;Fk; ,ilapyhd fhzpia mse;J> Vw;fdNt ,Ue;j vy;iyf; fw;fis mfw;wp tpl;lhH. mjw;F rpy ehl;fspd; gpd;dH Gjpjhf gpupf;fg;gl;l jkJ vy;iyf;Fs; ,Ue;j Ntg;gkuj;ij gwpf;fr; nrd;wNghJ ,U FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd Nkhjy; Muk;gpj;jJ. Vw;fdNt ,Ue;j vy;iyf; fw;fSf;F mika ,e;j Ntg;gkuk; kPdhl;rpapd; fhzpf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdjhFk;. Mdhy;> vy;iyf; fw;fs; mfw;wg;gl;bUe;jikapdhy;> Gjpjhf te;j fpuhk NrtfuhYk; Ntg;g kuk; ahUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdJ vd;gjid $w ,aytpy;iy. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt> fpuhk NrtfH gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; $wp> mjd; %yk; fhzp msj;jiy kPz;Lk; Kd;ndLg;gjw;F> msitahsH New;W fhzpf;Fr; nrd;Ws;sdH. msitahsH fhzpia Gjpjhf mse;J> uhirahtpdhy; fw;fs; mfw;wg;gl;l mNj ,lj;jpy; Gjpa vy;iy fw;fis ,l;lhH. mjid Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjidj; jtpu uhirahTf;F NtW topapy;iy.

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Mdhy;>msitahsH fhzpia mse;J vy;iyf; fw;fis ,Lk; NghJ me;j jftiy midj;J Mtzq;fspYk; Fwpg;gjhfTk;> mJ msitahsH jpizf;fsj;jpy; gj;jpukhf itf;fg;gLk; vdTk;> kPz;Lk; fhzp msf;fg;gLk; NghJ me;j Gj;jfj;ij jUtpj;J> mjdbg;gilapy; kPz;Lk; msj;jy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; vd;gjid uhirah mwpe;J itj;jpUe;jhy;> vy;iyf; fw;fis mfw;Wk; jtwhd nraiy mtH Kd;ndLj;jpUf;fkhl;lhH.

8.5 cq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd msj;jy; tiugl tif 1. jlkwpjy; (Tracing) ,J msitahsH mjpfhup my;yJ jFjpAila NtW mjpfhupfspdhy; jahupf;fg;gLk; tiuglkhFk;. mj;Jld;> ,J jw;fhypfkhf jahupf;fg;gLk; tiuglkhFk;.

58 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

2. msj;jy; tiuglk; (Survey Plan) xU fhzp my;yJ gy fhzpfSf;fhf jahupf;fg;gLk; tiuglkhFk;. ,t;thwhd tiuglj;jpid fl;lhakhf msitahsH ehafj;jpw;fhf msitahsH mjpfhupapdhy; cWjp nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thNw> msj;jy; eltbf;ifia Kd;ndLj;j msitahsH> vy;iyfisg; gpupj;jtHfs; kw;Wk; Nkw;ghHitapl;ltHfs;> msj;jy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l tUlk; kw;Wk; jpfjp vd;gtw;iw ,q;F Fwpg;gply; Ntz;Lk;. fl;lzk; nrYj;jp ,t;thwhd tiugl gpujpia khtl;l msitahsH mjpfhup mYtyfj;jpy; xUtuhy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. tiuglj;Jld; Fbj;jd gl;bay; (Tenement List) fl;lhakhf jahupf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. Fbj;jd gl;baypy; xt;nthU fhzp gpupT myfpw;Fk; mika mjd; msT vy;iy kw;Wk; cupik Nghd;wd tpsf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

3. tpsf;fg;glq;fs; (Diagrams) ,jpy; gy tif cz;L. msitahsH ehafj;jpdhy; msf;fg;gLk; fhzpfSf;Fs;> tpNrl fhzpg; gpuptpid fhl;Ltjw;F tpsf;fg;glq;fs; jahupf;fg;gLk;. mtw;wpd; tiffs; gpd;tUkhW: I. nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpw;fhf tiuag;gLk; tpsf;fg;glk; II. L tpsf;fg;glk; (Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;fhf jahupf;fg;gLk;) III. O tpsf;fg;glk; (Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpw;fhf jahupf;fg;gLk;)

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59

8.6 gy;NtW mstpyhd ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fs;

kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; msTfs;* ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fs; tif

msT

1.

rpwpa MW kw;Wk; mUtp> ePNuhil – mbj;jsj;jpy; ,Ue;J 15 mbf;Fk; FiwT

fiuapypUe;J epyg;gFjpf;F 66 mb. ,J ,Ugf;fKk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

2.

kj;jpa mstpyhd ejp kw;Wk; mUtp> ePNuhil mbj;jsj;jpy; ,Ue;J 15-50 mbf;F ,ilg;gl;l

fiuapypUe;J epyg;gFjpf;F 133 mb. ,J ,U gf;fKk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

3.

gpujhd MW 50 mbf;Fk; mjpfk

fiuapypUe;J epyj;jpw;F 198 mb. ,J ,U gf;fKk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

4.

ePHg;ghrdk;: I. mbj;jsk; 10mb my;yJ fiuapypUe;J 50 mbahf mjw;F mjpfk; II. mbj;jsk; 10-15 ,ilg;gl;lJ fiuapypUe;J 28 mbahf III. mbj;jsk; 5 mbf;F FiwT fiuapypUe;J 10 mbahf

5.

Fsf;fl;L

Fsf;fl;bd; cauj;ijg; Nghy 15 klq;F

6.

Fsf;fiu

Nky; kl;lj;jpy; Fsk; epiwe;jTld; fl;Lg;ghl;L mstpypUe;J 100 mbf;F mg;ghy; Fsf;fiu kw;Wk; mjd; ghJfhg;G ,lq;fs;.

7.

Mw;W mUtp ePNuhilfspy; ePHNjf;fk;

ePHNjf;fj;Jld; KO gpuNjrk;

eP&w;W

mikr;rupdhy; tHj;jkhdpapy; mwptpf;fg;gl;l vy;iy msT

8.

9.

tPjp I. A tif tPjp II. B tif tPjp

tPjpapd; eLg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J ,U gf;fKk; 33 mbfs; (Ntyp my;yJ kjpy; mikg;gjw;Nf ,e;j epge;jid)> fl;llkhapd; 50 mbfs;.

III. C tif tPjp iV. D tif tPjp

tPjpapd; eLg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J ,U gf;fKk; 20 mbfs;

V. E tif tPjp

tPjpapd; eLg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J ,U gf;fKk; 15 mbfs;

10. flw;fiu

caH ePH kl;lj;jpypUe;J> Fiwe;j ePH kl;lk; tiuahd vy;iy caH ePH kl;lj;jpypUe;J Fiwe;j ePHkl;lk; tiu epyg;gFjpia Nehf;fp 300 kPw;wHfs;

*fhzp cj;juT 11 (fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; 50MtJ Vw;ghl;bw;F mika) fhzpr; nraw;ghL> gf;fk; 173.

60 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

9.fhzpg; gpur;rpid

fhzpg; gpur;rpidia gpd;tUk; tifapy; tifg;gLj;j KbAk;.

1. ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l fhzpfspy; gpur;rpid 2. murhq;fj;jpdhy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; / nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gl;l my;yJ rl;ltpNuhj fhzpfspy; gpur;rpid I. khtl;l ePjpkd;wj;jpy; tof;F jhf;fy; nra;ag;gl;lhy; khj;jpuNk ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l fhzpfspy; gpur;rpidfis jPHf;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,J njhlHgpy; rl;lj;juzp xUtiu re;jpj;J MNyhrid ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ rpwe;jJ. II. murhq;fj;jpdhy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; Clhf toq;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; rpf;fy; Vw;gbd;> fpuhk NrtfH my;yJ Fbrd mjpfhupapd; Clhf gpuNjr nrayhsUf;F fbjk; %yk; rkHg;gpf;f KbAk;. mjd;

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61

gpd;dH gpuNjr nrahyfj;jpy; my;yJ ];jhd gupNrhjid elj;jp rl;lj;jpw;F Vw;g jPHkhdk; vLj;J rk;ge;jg;gl;l jug;gpdUf;F mwptpg;gH. rl;ltpNuhj fhzp njhlHgpy; gpur;rpid Vw;gbd;> gpuNjr nrayhsUf;F jFjpahd rl;l eltbf;iffis gpd;gw;wp jPHT ngw KbAk;.

Mdhy;> ve;j fhzpahf ,Ug;gpDk; msf;fg;gl;L vy;iyf; fw;fs; ,lg;gl;bUg;gpd;> jPHg;gJ ,yFthFk;. fhzp gpur;rpid cs;s re;jHg;gq;fspy; rk;ge;jg;g;ll mjpfhupaplk; (gpuNjr nrayhsH / fpuhk NrtfH / Fbrd mjpfhup / JiwrhH MNyhrfH) MNyhridg; ngwhJ> %d;whk; jug;gpduplk; MNyhrid ngWtjd; %yk; gpur;rpid NkYk; mjpfupj;J> nkd;NkYk; rpf;fy; epiwe;jjhf khWk;.

Mdhy; fhzp gpur;rpid Vw;gLtjid jtpHg;gjw;F ,yFthd Kiwnahd;W cs;sJ. mJjhd;> fhzpia mgptpUj;jp nra;J Kiwahf guhkupj;J tUjyhFk;. mLj;j cupikahsupd; ngaiu Fwpj;jYk; FLk;gq;fSf;F ,ilapyhd rpf;fy; Vw;glhJ jtpHg;gjw;fhd topahf mikAk;.

9.1 fhzp njhlHgpy; fhzg;gLk; Jupj nraw;ghL kw;Wk; gy;NtW ePjpkd;wq;fs; 9.1.1 ePjpthd; ePjpkd;wk;

62 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

fhzpg; gpur;rpid fhuzkhf rkhjhdj;jpw;F gq;fk; Vw;gLk; vd;gJ cWjpahFk; re;jHg;gj;jpy;> me;j rk;gtj;ij nghyp]hH ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F Mw;Wg;gLj;JtH. ,t;thwhd gpur;rpidfs; nghJthf ePjthd; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;Nf Mw;Wg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,q;F kpfTk; gpugykhd trdk; xd;W cs;sJ. mJjhd; 66MtJ cWg;Giuapd; fPo; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F Mw;Wg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gjhFk;. mjhtJ ePjpthd; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Vw;ghLfs; rl;l%yj;jpd; 66MtJ cWg;GiuahFk;. mjpy;> fhzpg; gpur;rpidapd; fhuzkhf rkhjhdj;jpw;F gq;fk; Vw;gLk; vdj; Njhd;Wkhapd;> nghyp]hH B mwpf;ifapd; Clhf ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F tplaj;ij rkHg;gpg;gH vd;gjhFk;. ,jd; %yk;> fle;j 60 ehl;fSf;Fs; fhzpapd; cupikj;Jtj;ij mDgtpj;jtHfs; vd cWjp nra;ag;gl;ltHfsplk; fhzpia xg;gilg;gjw;F VjhtJ cupik ,Ug;gpd;> ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; me;j jPHkhdk; vLf;fg;gLtjhf ePjpkd;wj;jhy; Vida jug;Gf;F my;yJ jug;gpdUf;F Mizaplg;gLk;. ,t;thwhd Kiwg;ghl;il jdpegHfSk; ePjthd; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; rkHg;gpf;f KbAk;. ,it fhzpg; gpur;rpid njhlHghd jPHthf ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy;> fhzpapd; cupik ahUf;F cupj;jhdJ vd jPHkhdpf;fhJ vd;gjid ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. vdpDk;> ,e;j ePjpkd;w jPHg;gpid khw;w Ntz;Lkhapd;> ,jid tpl caH mjpfhuk; nfhz;l ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPHg;gpid ngw Ntz;Lk;.

9.1.2 khtl;l ePjpkd;wk; murhq;fj;jpdhy; egnuhtUf;F toq;fg;gl;l fhzpg; gFjpahf ,Uf;fyhk; (gpujhd gj;jpuj;jpd; ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd;> epahjd rhjdg; gj;jpuj;jpd;)> ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l ,lkhf ,Uf;fyhk;> cupik njhlHgpy; my;yJ NtW tplaq;fs; njhlHgpy; rpf;fy; ,Ug;gpd;> mJ Fwpj;J rptpy; ePjpkd;wkhd khtl;l ePjpkd;wj;jpNyNa tof;F jhf;fy; nra;a KbAk;.

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63

9.1.3 khfhz Nkd;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk;/ Nkd;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l khtl;l ePjpkd;wj;jpy; jug;gLk; jPHg;G khfhz rigapdhy; Kfhik nra;ag;gLk; ,lj;Jld; rk;ge;jg;gLkhapd;> mJ njhlHgpy; ,e;j ePjpkd;wj;jpw;Nf Nkd;KiwaPL nra;a KbAk;. ,jw;F mg;ghy; murhq;f mjpfhupfs; rl;lj;jpw;F vjpuhf eltbf;if vLg;gjdhy;> newpjtwy; Vw;gLkhapd; my;yJ mt;thW Vw;gLk; vd Njhd;Wkhapd; ,e;j ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Clhf rl;l Mizg; ngw;W epthuzk; ngw KbAk;.

9.1.4 caH ePjpkd;wk; NkNy $wg;gl;l ePjpkd;wq;fspd; Clhf toq;fg;gl;l jPHg;Gf;fs; njhlHgpy; jpUg;jp milahjtHfSf;F Njitf;F Vw;w tifapy; Nkd;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F my;yJ caHePjpkd;wj;jpw;F Nkd;KiwaPl;bid rkHg;gpf;f KbAk;.

tof;F vd;gJ fhy tpuakh? rk;gt fw;if 5 kPdhl;rpAk;> uq;fDk; mz;zDk;> jq;ifAkhtH. ,UtUk; ngw;NwhUld; xNu tPl;by; trpj;J te;jdH. ,tHfspd; je;ijapd; ngaH nguparhkp. nguparhkp me;j fhyj;jpy; ifg;gw;wpa ,uz;L Vf;fH fhzp ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j fhzpf;F mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; ,y;yhj NghJk;> jkJ gps;isfs; ,UtUf;Fk; gpupj;Jf; nfhLj;jhH. gpd;nghU fhyj;jpy;> kPdhl;rpAk;> uq;fDk; ,e;j ,uz;L fhzpfSf;Fk; jdpj;jdpahd mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fisg; ngw;wdH. kPdhl;rp jkJ fhzpapy; tPnlhd;iwAk; fl;b trpf;f Muk;gpj;jhH. Mdhy;> mtuJ mz;zd; mq;F trpf;ftpy;iy. vdpDk;> rpy fhyj;jpy; uq;fd; NtW Cupy; trpf;f Muk;gpj;jikapdhy;> mtuJ ,lj;ij Kjyhsp xUtUf;F tpw;whH. mNjNtis> Coy; epiwe;j mjpfhupapd; cjtpAld; jq;ifapd; ,lj;jpw;Fk; NrHj;J KOikahd fhzpf;Fk; ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l cWjpg; gj;jpuk; xd;iw jahupg;gjw;F Kjyhspf;F cjtp nra;jhH. rpy ehl;fs; jkJ fztuJ ngw;Nwhupd;

64 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

tPl;by; trpg;gjw;fhf kPdhl;rp nrd;wpUe;j NghNj> mz;zdpd; ,lj;ij nfhs;tdT nra;j Kjyhsp> kPdhl;rpapd; fhzpf;Fk; NrHj;J cupik nfhz;lhl Muk;gpj;jhH. mg;NghJjhd;> uq;fd; jkJ fhzpiaAk; NrHj;J Kjyhspf;F tpw;Ws;sJld;> mjw;fhd ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l fhzp cWjpg; gj;jpuk; jahupf;fTk; cjtpGupe;Js;sikia mwpe;J nfhz;lhH. ,jdhy; jkf;F Vw;gl;l mePjpf;F epahak; Nfhup gpuNjr nrayhsH> khfhz fhzp MizahsH kw;Wk; fhzp MizahsH ehafk; MfpNahUf;F fbjk; %yk; kw;Wk; Neupy; nrd;W re;jpj;J jkJ gpur;rpidia njuptpj;jhH. ,Wjpapy; [dhjpgjp nrayfk; tiuAk; nrd;whH. Mdhy; jw;NghJ> jtwhd Kiwapy; jhk; ngw;w fhzpapypUe;J kPdhl;rpia ntspNaw;Wtjw;F> Fwpj;j Kjyhsp ePjpkd;w cj;juitg; ngw;Ws;shH. jkf;F Vw;gl;l ,e;j mePjp njhlHgpy; tof;F jhf;fy; nra;j NghjpYk;> jkf;F vjpuhf jPHg;G fpilj;jikapdhy;> kPz;Lk; Nkd;KiwaPL nra;tjw;F kPdhl;rp vjpHghHj;Js;shH.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

65

9.1.5 fhzp njhlHgpy; rpf;fy; Vw;gLk; NghJ kw;Wk; MNyhrid Njitahd NghJ njhlHG nfhs;s Ntz;ba mjpfhupfs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fs; gpuNjr nrayfk; fpuhk NrtfH Jiw MNyhrfH / Fbrd mjpfhup / fhzp mjpfhup ypfpjH gpuNjr nrayhsH kw;Wk; cjtp gpuNjr nrayhsH khfhz fhzp MizahsH mYtyfk; / gpujp fhzp MizahsH mYtyfk; khfhz fhzp MizahsH / gpujp fhzp MizahsH cjtp fhzp MizahsH fhzp mjpfhupfs; fr;Nrup msitahsHfs; fhzp MizahsH ehafk; jpizf;fsk; fhzp MizahsH ehafk; fhzp MizahsH mgptUj;jp / fhzp gpujp fhzp MizahsHfs; cjtp fhzp MizahsHfs; msitahsH jpizf;fsk; msitahsH ehafk; gpujp msitahsH ehafk; khtl;l msitahsH mj;jpal;rfH cjtp msitahsH mj;jpal;rfH msitahsHfs; kjpg;gPl;Lj; jpizf;fsk; gpujhd kjpg;gPl;lhsH kjpg;gPl;lhsH gjpthsH ehafk; jpizf;fsk; gjpthsH ehafk; 66 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

Nkyjpf gjpthsH ehafk; Nkyjpf khtl;l gjpthsH cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fs; khefu Kjy;tH / jiytH efu MizahsH / nrayhsH njhopy; mjpfhup fhzp ifahsy; nfhs;if jahupj;jy; jpizf;fsk; gzpg;ghsH khtl;l fhzp ifahsy; mjpfhup cupikj; jPHT nra;jy; jpizf;fsk; cupikj; jPHT nra;jy; MizahsH ehafk; cupikj; jPHT nra;jy; MizahsH cjtp cupikj; jPHT nra;jy; MizahsH fhzp kw;Wk; fhzp mgptpUj;jp mikr;R nrayhsH Nkyjpf nrayhsHfs; gzpg;ghsHfs; [dhjpgjp nrayfk; [dhjpgjp nrayhsH Nkyjpf nrayhsH cjtp nrayhsH fhzp kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FO rig jiytH gzpg;ghsHfs; khtl;l gzpg;ghsHfs; ,yq;if kfhtyp mjpfhu rig gzpg;ghsH ehafk; jq;Fkpl nray;jpl;l KfhikahsHfs; tya KfhikahsHfs; gpupT KfhikahsHfs; buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

67

9.1.6 khfhz fhzp MizahsH mYtyf njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fs; khfhzk;

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68 |

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buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

69

70 |

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71

72 |

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73

74 |

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75

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77

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk; buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy;> =yq;fh Coiy xopj;jy; vd;w gpujhd ,yf;if Nehf;fpr; nraw;gLk; rHtNjr epWtdkhd buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; epWtdj;jpd; ,yq;if Kftuhf> buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh epWtdk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. cynfq;Fk; E}w;Wf;Fk; mjpfkhd fpisfis nfhz;L ,aq;Fk;> buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; vd;w ,e;j epWtd tiyaikg;G ntspg;gilj; jd;ik> nghWg;Gilik kw;Wk; ey;yhl;rp nfhs;iffis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf mHg;gzpg;Gld; cs;sJ. buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh epWtdk; 2002Mk; Mz;L Kjy; ,yq;ifia rpwe;j ehlhf khw;Wtjw;F> RahjPdkhf nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. epHthfk; njhlHghd kf;fspd; Gupe;JzHit mjpfupg;gJk;> mtHfspd; gq;Fgw;wiy tYT+l;Ltjw;fhd gapw;rp> ,aYik mgptpUj;jp Nghd;w mwptpd; Clhf rpwe;j kl;lj;jpy; caHju Nritfis Vw;gLj;JtJk;> CoYf;F vjpuhf nraw;gLtjd; Clhf rpwe;j ehl;il cUthf;FtJk; vkJ ,yf;fhFk;.

Delegation of the European Union to Sri Lanka and the Maldives 26, Sir Marcus Fernando Mawatha, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka Tel: (94 11) 2674413/4 Fax: (94 11) 2678860 Email: delegation-sri-lanka@eeas.europa.eu Web: www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/sri_lanka Transparency International Sri Lanka 6, 37th Lane, Queen’s Road, Colombo 3 Phone: 011 4369781 - 3 Fax: 011 2506419 Email: tisl@tisrilanka.org Web: www.tisrilanka.org

ISBN: 978-955-1281-53-3

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fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;