Land Issues [Idam Kadam Denamuthukam] - Tamil by Transparency International Sri Lanka

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk; mDruiz

INuhg;gpa xd;wpak;

Kjy; gjpg;G 2012 buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh ,y 6> 37MtJ xOq;if ,uhzp tPjp> nfhOk;G 03 njhiyNgrp: 011 4369781 njhiyefy;: 011 2506419 kpd;dQ;ry;: tisl@tisrilanka.org ISBN: 978-955-1281-53-3 MrpupaH FO: jpU. G. D fPHj;jp fkNf (,yq;if epHthf Nrit) jpU. R .M .S .B ,uj;dhaf;f (,yq;if epHthf Nrit) jpU. E. M .M Vf;fehaf;f (,yq;if epHthf Nrit) jpU. D .A mre;j FzNrfu (,yq;if epHthf Nrit) jpU. S th`ytj;ij (,yq;if epHthf Nrit) jpU. R. A jpyf;fuj;d (,yq;if epHthf Nrit) fhH^d;- jpU. gpay; cja rkutPu gf;f tbtikg;G- jpU. `upj j`ehaf;f ,izg;ghsH- jpU. fahd; ypadNf xOq;fikg;ghsH- jpU. rhe;j FyJq;f

© gjpg;Gupik nfhz;lJ. ,q;F cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fis gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ/ntspapLk; NghJ buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh epWtdj;jpd; vOj;J %ykhd mDkjp ngwg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. gjpg;Gupik: INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; cjtpAld; ,e;j gjpg;G jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j gjpg;gpd; cs;slf;fq;fs; buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fhtpd; jdpg; nghWg;GilajhFk;. ve;jnthU tifapYk; INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; fUj;Jf;fshf fUjg;glf; $lhJ. Disclaimer:

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fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

cs;slf;fk;: fhzp Mizahsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp

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jiytupd; nra;jp - 2 1. fhzp vd;gjid Gupe;J nfhs;Nthk;

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2. nghJ kf;fSf;F kw;Wk; epWtdq;fSf;F fhzpfis gfpHe;jspg;gjpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;Ls;s rl;lq;fs; vit? - 9 3. murpd; fhzpf;fhf toq;fg;gLk; (mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; / fhzp cWjp)

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4. mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; Clhf kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; Clhf fpilj;j fhzpia mgptpUj;jp nra;jy; - 26 5. mDkjpg; gj;jpu gpujpnahd;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy; - 32 6. fhzp cupik khw;wy; (tpw;wy;)> mlF itj;jy;

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7. tho;f;if cupik - 46 8. fhzp msj;jy; - 54 9. fhzpg; gpur;rpid - 61 ,izg;Gf;fs; - 69

fhzp Mizahsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp mur fhzpfis ntFthf gad;gLj;Jgtu;fs; tul;rp epyg;gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; kpfTk; twpa kf;fNsahFk;. mtu;fspd; [PtNdhghak; ngupJk; jq;fpapUg;gJ murhy; toq;fg;gLk; fhzpfspNyahFk;. vdpDk; ,e;j kf;fSf;F fhzp njhlu;ghd tpguq;fspy; ghupa mwptpd;ik fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.mjdhNyNa jkf;F mtrpakhd fhzpfis ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpYk; jkf;F toq;fg;gl;l fhzpfis ghtpg;gjpYk; cupa mwptpd;ik fhuzkhf gy;NtW gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;whu;fs;.,jd; fhuzkhf ,J njhlu;ghd gpur;rpidfis Kuzhd tifapy; mZFtjd; fhuzkhf gy rq;flq;fis vjpu;Nehf;Ftij vkJ mDgtj;jpd; thapyhf fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. njhlu;ghly; mgptpUj;jpapd; fhuzkhf jw;NghJ kf;fSf;F ,yFthf jfty;fis ngw;W nfhs;sf;$bajhf cs;;sJ vdpDk; f~;lg; gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; ,j;jifa Vio kf;fSf;F mj;jifa trjpfs; ,d;Dk; KOikahf nrd;wilatpy;iy. Clfq;fspd; thapyhf ,jw;fhd tpguk; toq;fg;gl;L ,Ug;gpDk; Vida gpupTfSld; xg;gpLk; NghJ ,j;Jiw ,d;Dk; gpd;jq;fpNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt ,e;j tpguq;fis kpfTk; ruskhd tifapy; Gupe;J nfhs;sj;jf;f tifapy; Kd;itj;J mur fhzpfs; ghtpg;gJ njhlu;ghf njspTWj;Jk; ,e;j ifEhy; fhyj;jpd; Njitahf fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. gy;NtW ru;tNjr njhz;lu; epWtdq;fs; ekJ ehl;bd; mur epu;thfj;jpid gy;NtW tifapy; tpku;rpj;J mjd; Fiw epiwfSf;F Vw;g ehl;bd; epiyia tifg;gLj;jp jkJ Njitfis G+u;j;jp nra;J nfhs;s Jbf;Fk; ,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; ,USf;F xspA+l;Lk; tifapy; buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lu;nerdy; epWtdk; [Nuhg;gpa A+dpadpd; mDruidAld; nraw;gLj;Jk; ,f;fhupak; kpfTk; ghuhl;lj;jf;fjhFk;.,e;j ifEhiy tbtikg;gjw;F mDgtk; kw;Wk; jq;fs; Nkyhu;e;j mwpT Xj;Jiog;gpid toq;fpa ,yq;if epu;thf Nrit mjpfhupfs; mWtUf;Fk; vdJ ghuhl;Ljy;fis njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.,e;j ifEhiy jkpopy; nkhopngau;j;J ntspapl Kide;jpUg;gJ jkpo; NgRk; kf;fSf;F kpfTk; gpuNahrdkhdjhFk;.,j;jifa rpwe;j gzpapid epiwNtw;w Kide;J ,jw;F gq;fspg;G ey;fpa rfyUf;Fk; ,j;jifa Kaw;rpfSf;F nkd;NkYk; rf;jpAk;> ijupaKk; fpl;Ltjw;F gpuhu;j;jpf;fpd;Nwd;. R.G.R uh[gf;] fhzp Mizahsu; ehafk;

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

jiytupd; nra;jp ,e;jg; Gj;jfk; Vd; jahupf;fg;gl;lJ? ,yq;ifauhd vkf;F ,Ug;gJ kpfTk; rpwpa ehlhFk;. ehl;bd; rdj;njhifAld; xg;gpLk; NghJ> vkf;F epyk; vd;gJ ngWkjp kpf;f nrhj;jhFk;. vkJ gz;ghl;bd; mbg;gilapy; epyk; vd;gJ tho;thjhu topahf khj;jpuk; ,y;yhJ> vkf;F r%f mq;fPfhuj;ij ngw;Wj; jUk; xU mk;rkhf cs;sJ. Mdhy;> vkJ ehl;L kf;fspy; ngUk;ghyhdtHfSf;F fhzp njhlHgpy; ,Uf;Fk; newpKiwfs;> rl;lq;fs; Fwpj;J Nghjpa Gupe;JzHT ,y;iy. tpNrlkhf> vkJ ehl;bd; tlkj;jpa> Cth kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhzq;fisr; NrHe;jtHfs; mjpfkhf trpg;gJ murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpfspNyahFk;. murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpia Kfhik nra;tjpy; gy;NtW rl;lq;fs; cs;sd. ,e;j rl;lj;jpd; fPo; nghJkf;fs; jkJ fhzp rhHe;j mur flikfis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;F Njitahd Gupe;JzHT ,d;ikahy;> gy;NtW rpf;fy;fis vjpHNehf;Ffpd;wdH. buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh epWtdk; fle;j fhyj;jpy; Kd;ndLj;j “nghJ kd;wk;” epfo;r;rpfs; gytw;wpy;> nghJkf;fs; vjpHNehf;Fk; gpujhd rpf;fyhf> fhzp rk;ge;jg;gl;l gpur;rpidfs; ntspg;gl;ld. mNjNtis> fhzpfs; njhlHgpy; nghJkf;fSf;F tpopg;GzHtpid Vw;gLj;JkhW gy;NtW epWtdq;fs;> mikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; egHfs; vk;kplk; Nfhupf;if tpLj;jpUe;jdH. mj;Jld;. gpuNjr epHthfj;jpw;F mika fhzpg; gpur;rpidfs; njhlHgpy; ehk; Kd;ndLj;j Ma;Tfspy; nghJkf;fs; Fwpj;j tplak; njhlHgpy; jfty; mwpahjtHfshf cs;sikapd; fhuzkhf> gpur;rpidiaj; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,yQ;rk; toq;f NeHe;jikiaAk; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jdH. ,t;thwhd gy gpur;rpidfisj; jPHg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpapd; xU mq;fkhf ,e;j ifE}y; ntspahfpd;wJ. ,e;j fhzpg; gpur;rpidfis vjpHNehf;fpAs;s ngUk;ghyhd kf;fs; fpuhkg;Gwq;fisr; NrHe;jtHfshf ,Uf;fpd;wikapdhy;> kpfTk; vspa> ruskhd nkhop eilapy; ,e;j ifE}y; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh epWtdj;jpw;fhf ,e;j ifE}y; tbtikg;gpy; mwpTrhH gq;fspg;G toq;fpa ,yq;if epHthf Nrit mjpfhupfshd G. D. fPHj;jp fkNf> R. M. S. B. ,uj;dhaf;f> E. M. M. Vf;fehaf;f> D. A. mre;j FzNrfu> S. th`ytj;ij> R. A. jpyf;fuj;d MfpNahUf;Fk;> rpwe;j fhH^d; rpj;jpuq;fis tiue;J je;Jjtpa gpay; cja rkutPu mtHfSf;Fk;> ,e;j Kaw;rpf;F jkJ caupa gq;fspg;gpid toq;fpa vkJ nraw;FOtpidr; NrHe;j midtUf;Fk; vd;Dila ed;wpfisj; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. M. D. A. n`uy;l;> jiytH> buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh 2 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

1. fhzp vd;gjid Gupe;J nfhs;Nthk;

fhzp vd;gJ ek; midtUf;Fk; ngWkjp kpf;f nrhj;jhFk;. capUf;F mLj;jjhf cyfpy; cs;s midtUk; kjpf;Fk; tplakhf fhzp vd;gJ cs;sJ. mt;thNw fhzp vd;gJ ehshe;jk; ngWkjp mjpfupj;Jr; nry;Yk; xU nrhj;J MFk;. vdNt> fhzp kw;Wk; mJ rk;ge;jg;gl;l rl;ljpl;lq;fis mwpe;J nfhs;tJ kpfTk; gaDs;sjhFk;. Kjyhtjhf> ehk; fhzp xd;wpd; tiffis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;.

jdpahu; fhzp ,tw;iw guk;giu topapy; te;j fhzpfs;> jdpg;gl;l fhzpfs;> epe;j`k; vd;Wk; miog;gH. mj;Jld;> tp`hufk;> Njthyfk; fhzp vdTk; fhzp tiffs; cs;sd.

murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp mjhtJ> ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; cupj;Jila ,lkhFk;.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

fhzp mgptpUj;jpf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; kw;Wk; mjd; gpd;dH mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l fhzp tpLg;G fl;lisr; rl;lk; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapNyNa fhzpfs; ,t;thW ,uz;L tiffshf gpupf;fg;gl;ld. gpupj;jhdpaupd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,e;j rl;lj;jpd; %yk; ehl;by; ,Ue;j fhzpfs; Fwpj;J tprhuizfs; elj;jg;gl;L> kf;fs; jkJ cupikfis cWjp nra;j fhzpfis jdpahu; fhzpahfTk;> Vidait murhq;f fhzpahfTk; xJf;fg;gl;ld. fhzp vd;gjpy; epyk;> mjw;Fs; mike;Js;s kuq;fs;> jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; fl;llq;fs; vd;gd cs;slq;Ffpd;wd. ,e;j ifE}ypy; ehk; murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp njhlHgpNyNa mjpf ftdk; nrYj;jTs;Nshk;.

1.1 ,e;jf; fhzpfis gpupj;J mwpe;J nfhs;tJ vt;thW? ,q;Fjhd; vkf;F epy msitahsH jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; mtHfsplk; cs;s epy tiuglk; (Plan) vd;gd Kf;fpakhfpd;wd.

fhzpnahd;W jdpahu; fhzpah my;yJ murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpah vd;gjid rupahf milahsk; fhz;gjw;F> Fwpj;j fhzp rk;ge;jg;gl;l tiuglj;jpid Muha;e;J ghHj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. epy tiuglq;fspy; murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp kw;Wk; jdpahH fhzp vd;gd jdpj;jdpahf Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. tiuglj;jpy; xt;nthU fhzp njhlHghd jfty;fSk; njspthf gl;bayplg;gl;bUf;Fk; (fhzpg; gq;Ffspd; gl;bay; my;yJ FbapUg;G gl;bay; (Tenement List)). MdhYk;> rpy fpuhkq;fspy; ,e;j tiuglk; ,Jtiu jahupf;fg;gltpy;iy.

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fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

1.2 mur fhzp kw;Wk; jdpahH fhzp vd;gtw;iw vt;thW gpupj;J mwpe;J nfhs;tJ?

NkNy tpsf;fpajd; mbg;gilapy; murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp kw;Wk; jdpahH fhzp vd;gtw;iw gpupj;J mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F epy msitahsH jpizf;fsj;jpd; tiuglj;jpid gad;gLj;jyhk;. tiuglj;jpd; Clhf fhzp murhq;fj;jpdjh> jdpahUilajh vd;gjid khj;jpuNk mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. fhzp cupikahsH ahH vd;gjid mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F rk;ge;jg;gl;l fhzp cWjp / mDkjp gj;jpuj;jpid gupNrhjpj;J fz;lwpayhk;. jdpahH fhzpahapd; mjd; nghUl;L nehj;jhup]pdhy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;l fhzp cWjp ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. me;j fhzp cWjp cz;ikahdjh vd;gjid 30 tUlq;fSf;fhd fhzpapd; Fbtop gjpTfis (Pedigree) Muha;tjd; %yk; fz;lwpayhk;. mjd; nghUl;L jFjp tha;e;j nehj;jhup]; my;yJ rl;lj;juzpapd; cjtp mtrpakhFk;. mjw;fhd rl;luPjpahd Mtzq;fs; fhzp cupikahsuplk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld;>mJ khtl;l fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

ve;jnthU egUk; gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; fhzp cWjpapd; tk;r gjpTfis gupNrhjpj;Jg; ghHf;f KbAk;. jk;kplk; cs;s fhzp rk;ge;jg;gl;l Mtzq;fis gad;gLj;jpNa mjid Kd;ndLf;f KbAk;. cupikahsH my;yhj re;jHg;gj;jpy;> rl;lj;juzp my;yJ nehj;jhup]; xUtupd; cjtp mtrpakhFk;. tk;r gjpTfspd; gpujpfSf;fhf khtl;l gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; Kj;jpiu fl;lzj;ij toq;f Ntz;Lk;. mjid NjLtjw;F ,yFthf ,Ug;gpd; xNu ehspy; G+Hj;jp nra;ayhk;. jk;kplk; cs;s fhzp cWjpapd; efy;gpujpiaAk; gjpthsH jpizf;fsj;jpy; Kj;jpiu fl;lzk; nrYj;jp ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;.

1.3 murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp murhq;f fhzpia gy gFjpfshf gpupf;f KbAk;. 1. gfpHe;jspf;ff; $ba fhzp 2. gfpHe;jspf;f Kbahj fhzp gfpHe;jspf;ff; $ba fhzp vd;why; vd;d vd;gjid Kjypy; ghHg;Nghk;. NtW tpNrl nraw;ghLfSf;fhf xJf;f Kbahj gfpHe;jspg;gjw;F jFjpahd fhzpfNs ,t;thW miof;fg;gLk;. ,it gpuNjr nrayhsupd; nghWg;gpy; ,Uf;Fk; (,it Kd;dH MSeupd; fhzp vd miof;fg;gl;lJ). ,t;thW gfpHe;jspf;ff; $ba fhzpfspy; ngUk;ghyhdit gfpHe;jspf;fg;gl;L tpl;ld. gfpHe;jspf;ff; $ba fhzpfs; rpwpa mstpNyNa vQ;rpAs;sd. murhq;fj;jpd; rhHgpy; ,e;j fhzpfis gfpHe;jspf;ff; $ba gy epWtdq;fs; cs;sd. mtw;wpy; fhzp MizahsH ehafk;> khfhz fhzp MizahsH> gpuNjr nrayhsH> tPlikg;G mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig> efu mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig> ,yq;if kfhtyp mjpfhu rig> fhzp kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FOr; rig Nghd;wit cs;slq;Ffpd;wd. Mdhy;> NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l mjpfhupfs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fs; midj;Jk; fhzp gfpuy; rl;ljpl;lq;fspd; mbg;gilapNyNa> fhzp gfpHjiy Kd;ndLg;gH. mjw;F ntspNa> jd;dpr;irahf fhzp gfpHe;jspg;gjw;F vtUf;Fk; mjpfhuk; fpilahJ. 6 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

1.4 nghJ fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;sy; nghJf; fhzpfs; vd;gJ nghJ kf;fspd; eyd; fUjp xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,lq;fshFk;. ,tw;iw rl;ltpNuhjkhf ifg;gw;wy; my;yJ jdpahH Njitf;F gad;gLj;jy; vd;gd r%fj;jpw;F tpNuhjkhd nraw;ghlhFk;. mt;thwhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; mjw;F vjpHg;G njuptpg;gJ [dehaff; flikahFk;. Fwpg;gpl;l tiuglq;fis gupNrhjpj;J> fhzp Fwpj;J eltbf;if vLf;Fk; mjpfhupfis (rdj;njhif fzf;nfLg;G mjpfhup> fpuhk NrtfH) Ma;e;J> Fwpj;j fhzp nghJf; fhzpah vd;gjid mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

nghJf; fhzpfis ghJfhg;gjw;F ePq;fs; mspf;ff; $ba gq;fspg;G: 1. rl;ltpNuhj Mf;fpukpg;ghsHfsplk; ,Ue;J ghJfhg;gjw;F nraw;gly;. 2. rl;ltpNuhj Mf;fpukpg;ghsHfis gpbg;gjw;F my;yJ ,aYkhapd; mtHfis mfw;Wtjw;F murhq;f mjpfhupfSf;F xj;Jiog;G toq;fy;. 3. nghJf; fhzpia ghJfhg;gjw;F murhq;f mjpfhupfSf;F xj;Jiog;G toq;fy;.

1.5 gfpHe;jspf;f Kbahj fhzpfs; vd;git vit? gfpHe;jspf;f Kbahj fhzpfs; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLgit> ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fshFk;. mjhtJ ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;ba> kdpjHfspd;> jdpegHfspd; ghtidf;F toq;f Kbahj my;yJ toq;ff; $lhj ,lq;fshFk;.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

gfpHe;jspf;f Kbahj ghJfhf;fg;gl gpd;tUkhW tifg;gLj;jg;gLk;:

Ntz;ba

,lq;fs;

1. td tpyq;F ghJfhg;G ,lq;fs; (mghafukhd gFjp / tdtpyq;F ruzhyak;) 2. tdg; ghJfhg;G jpizf;fsj;jpw;F cupj;jhd ,lq;fs; (tdg;gFjp) 3. mfo;thuha;r;rp gFjpfs; / topghl;L jyq;fs; 4. tbfhyikg;G ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; ePH ghrdk; (MW> mUtp> ePH tPo;r;rp> Fsk;) 5. neLQ;rhiyfs; kw;Wk; jz;lthsq;fs; 6. fiuNahu kw;Wk; JiwKfk; 7. ,aw;if tsq;fs; (Fj;Jr; rha;Tldhd fhzp) 8. nghJf; fhzpfs; (nfhy;iyg; Gwk; /tpisahl;L ikjhdk; / kahdk; / neUg;G rpW Jis / fhw;W rpW Jis)

8 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

2.nghJ kf;fSf;F kw;Wk; epWtdq;fSf;F fhzpfis gfpHe;jspg;gjpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;Ls;s rl;lq;fs; vit? murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpfis nghJ kf;fSf;F my;yJ epWtdj;jpw;F rl;luPjpahf toq;Ftjw;F mjpfhuk; toq;Fk; gy rl;lq;fs; cs;sd. 1. fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lk; (L.D.O) 2. mur fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lk; (C.L.O) 3. fhzpr; (tpNrl Vw;ghLfs;) rl;lk;. 4. fhzp kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FOr; rig rl;lk;. 5. Njrpa tPlikg;G mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig rl;lk;. 6. efu mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig rl;lk; 7. khfhz fhzp epajpr; rl;lk;. ,e;j xt;nthU rl;l Vw;ghLfs;> cj;juTfs; kw;Wk; tpjpKiwfspy; me;je;j epWtdq;fs; nghJkf;fSf;F fhzpapid toq;Ftjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; njspthf tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mjdbg;gilapy;> rk;ge;jg;gl;l fl;lisr; rl;lq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Vw;ghLfSf;F mikaNt me;je;j fhzpfs; epHtfpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

2.1 murhq;fj;jpd; rhHgpy; nghJf; fhzpfis epHtfpf;Fk; gy epWtdq;fs; cs;sd. mit gpd;tUkhW: 1. *fhzp MizahsH ehafk; jpizf;fsk; / khfhz fhzp MizahsH jpizf;fsk; 2. *gpuNjr nrayfk; 3. *kfhtyp mjpfhu rig buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

4. *fhzp kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FOr; rig 5. *Njrpa tPlikg;G mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig 6. *efu mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig 7. td tpyq;F ghJfhg;G jpizf;fsk; 8. tdg; ghJfhg;G jpizf;fsk; 9. mfo;thuha;r;rp jpizf;fsk; 10. fhzp tpLg;G mspj;jy; jpizf;fsk; 11. fiuNahu ghJfhg;G jpizf;fsk; 12. uapy;Nt jpizf;fsk; 13. ePHg;ghrd jpizf;fsk; 14. neLQ;rhiyfs; jpizf;fsk; 15. Kg;gilfs; 16. ,yq;if JiwKf mjpfhu rig 17. ,yq;if KjyPl;Lr; rig ,tw;wpy; kf;fSf;fhf fhzpia gfpHe;J toq;ff; $ba mjpfhuk; nfhz;litahf el;rj;jpu FwpaPL toq;fg;gl;l jpizf;fsq;fs; cs;sd. Vida epWtdq;fSf;F jk;trk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;l fhzpfis guhkupg;gjw;fhd mjpfhuk; khj;jpuNk cs;sJ.

2.2 jdpegUf;F> epWtdj;jpw;F fhzp ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fk; 1. trpg;gjw;F 2. gapHr;nra;iff;F 3. tHj;jf eltbf;iffSf;F 4. njhopy; eltbf;iffSf;F 5. nghJ eltbf;iffSf;F 6. kj eltbf;iffSf;F 7. ghupa mstpyhd nray;jpl;lq;fSf;F 8. KjyPlL ; rigapd; mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;l nray;jpl;lq;fSf;F (jdpegUf;F Nky; Fwpg;gpl;l Nehf;fj;jpw;F xU gFjp fhzp toq;fg;gl;bUg;gpDk;> NtW Nehf;fj;jpw;fhfTk; kw;WnkhU fhzpg; gFjpf;F tpz;zg;gpf;f KbAk;).

10 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

2.3 murhq;f fhzpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F ,Uf;f Ntz;ba jFjpfs; vit vdg; ghHg;Nghk; 1. trpg;gjw;F my;yJ gapHr;nra;iff;F jk;kplk; fhzp ,y;yhjtHfs;. trpg;gjw;fhapd; murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpia xU Kiw khj;jpuNk ngw KbAk;. 2. ,jw;F Kd;dH ngwhjtHfs;

murhq;fj;jplkpUe;J

fhzpiag;

3. ePq;fs; jpUkzk; Gupe;jpUg;gpd;> cq;fSf;F gps;isfs; ,Ug;gpd; fhzp fr;Nrupapy; gjpT nra;J fhzpg; gFjpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F tpNrl jFjpiag; ngWtPHfs;.

2.4 murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpnahd;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ vt;thW?

murhq;fj;jpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd fhzpnahd;iw cq;fSilajhf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F tpUk;GtPHfshapd;> Kjyhtjhf gpuNjr nrayfk; my;yJ mjpfhupfSf;F tpz;zg;gj;jpid ifaspf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpuNjr nrayhsH Fwpj;j tpz;zg;gjhupia gjpT nra;jjd;

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

gpd;dH> fr;Nrupf;F Mw;Wg;gLj;JthH. vdpDk;> ,jd; nghUl;L gfpHe;jspg;gjw;F jFjpahd ,lk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thNw> vq;fhtJ fhzp gfpHe;jspg;gJ Fwpj;J mwpe;J nfhz;lhy;> mjw;Fk; tpz;zg;gj;jpid rkHg;gpf;fyhk;. Kd;dnuy;yhk; kf;fs; mUfpy; cs;s ntw;wplq;fis jk; trk; ifg;gw;wpf; nfhs;thHfs;. mjd; gpd;dH mjpfhupfSf;Fr; nrhy;yp mjw;F Vw;whw; Nghy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; jahupj;Jf; nfhs;thHfs;. ,d;W mt;thwhd ntw;wplj;ij fz;L gpbg;gJ vd;gJ ,yFthdJ my;y. kpfTk; tuz;l gpuNjrq;fspNyNa jw;NghJ mt;thwhd ntw;W epyq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mg;gFjpfspy; nghJ trjpfs; vJTk; ,d;ikahy;> nghJkf;fSf;F me;j ,lq;fspy; ehl;lk; ,y;iy. nghJ trjpfs; Nghjpastpy; cs;s gpuNjrq;fspy; mj;jpahtrpa ghJfhg;G ,lq;fs; gFjpnahd;W ,Ue;jJ. vdpDk;> ,jid ifg;gw;WgtHfs; rl;lj;jpd; Kd;dhy; nry;tjw;F NeHe;jJ. vdNt> ePq;fs; rl;luPjpahf ,lnkhd;iw ngw Ntz;Lkhapd; ntw;wplk; cs;s gpuNjr nrayfg; gFjpia milahsk; fz;L> mjw;fhd tpz;zg;gg; gj;jpuk; xd;wpid jahupj;J gpuNjr nrayfj;jpw;F toq;f Ntz;Lk;. gpd;tUk; tifapy; ,e;j eilKiwia gpuNjr nrayhsH Kd;ndLg;ghH: 1. cq;fSila tpz;zg;gg; gj;jpuj;jpid nghWg;ngLg;ghH 2. fpuhk NrtHfs; my;yJ fhzp rk;ge;jg;gl;l MNyhrfupdhy; guprPyid Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. 3. Muk;g fhzp guprPyidf;F cq;fis miog;gH 4. Muk;g fhzp guprPyidapy; njupT nra;ag;gl;ltHfs;> fhzp MizahsH ehafk; my;yJ khfhz fhzp Mizahsuplk; mDg;gp mDkjp ngw;Wf; nfhz;L fhzp fr;Nrup xd;iw elj;JtH. 5. fhzp fr;Nrupapy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l gl;bay; fhl;rpf;F itf;fg;gLk;. 6. vjpHg;G kw;Wk; Nkd;KiwaPl;bid tprhuiz nra;J ,Wjpg; gl;baiy fhl;rpg;gLj;JtH. 7. mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;FtH.

12 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

,e;j tifapy; tptrhag; gpuptpdUf;F my;yJ mjpf tUkhdk; ngWgtHfSf;F toq;fg;gLk; fhzpapd; msT gpd;tUkhW: • trpg;gjw;F 20 NgHr;r]; • tptrhaj;jpw;Fk;> trpg;gjw;Fk; miu Vf;fH (80 NgHr;r];) • tUlhe;j ngUk;Nghfr; nra;iff;F xU Vf;fH • ePHg;ghrd trjpAldhd tptrha epyj;jpw;F 1 ½ Vf;fH

2.5 fhzpf; fr;Nrup vd;why; vd;d?

fhzpf; fr;Nrup vd;W nrhy;yg;gLtJ> murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpia gfpHe;jspg;gjw;fhf elj;jg;gLk; gfpuq;f tprhuizahFk;. fhzpf; fr;Nrupapy; njupT nra;ag;gl;ltHfspd; ngaH tpguk;> Kd;nkhopjy; kw;Wk; vjpHg;G njuptpj;jYf;fhf gfpuq;f ,lj;jpy; mwptpj;jyhf ntspaplg;gLk;. ,e;j mwptpj;jiy Ma;T nra;J> jFjpaw;wtHfs; njupT nra;ag;gl;bUg;gpd; mjw;fhd vjpHg;gpid fbjk; my;yJ jk;kplk; midj;J jFjpfSk; ,Ue;Jk; njupT nra;ag;glhik Fwpj;j Nkd;KiwaPl;bid rkHg;gpf;f KbAk;. mjd; gpd;dH Nkd; KiwaPLk;> vjpHg;G mwpf;ifAk; Ma;T nra;ag;gl;L ,Wjpapy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l ngaH tpguq;fs; kPz;Lk; gfpuq;fkhf mwptpj;jy; nra;ag;gLk;. me;j gl;baypy; ,Uf;Fk; egHfSf;F gpuNjr nrayhsH Clhf mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gLk;. buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

2.6 fhzpf; fr;Nrup nraw;gLjy; 1. NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l mbg;gil trjpfSila egHfs;> jkJ jfty; mlq;fpa tpz;zg;gg; gj;jpuk; xd;iw jahupj;J> gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; xg;gilj;J jk;ik gjpT nra;J nfhs;tJ rl;l nraw;ghlhFk;. ,e;j gjpT nra;jy; mz;ikapy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l xU eilKiwahFk;. 2. gpuNjr nrayhsuhy; elj;jg;gLk; fhzp r%fkspg;gJ cq;fSila nghWg;ghFk;.

fr;Nrupf;F

3. fhzpf; fr;Nrupapd; Clhf njupT nra;ag;gl;l egHfspd; ngaHfs; mlq;fpa Muk;g njupT gl;bay;> gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. njupT nra;ag;gl;l egHfSf;fhf kWg;G my;yJ Nkd;KiwaPL ,Ug;gpd; 14 ehl;fSf;Fs; fhzp MizahsH my;yJ fhzp MizahsH ehafj;jpw;F Kd;itf;f KbAk;. 4. mjd; gpd;dH kWg;G Fwpj;j guprPyid elj;jg;gl;L ,Wjp njupT gl;bay; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. njupT gl;baYf;fhf egHfsplk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; (epahjd rhjd gj;jpuk;) toq;fg;gLk;.

14 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

3. murpd; fhzpf;fhf toq;fg;gLk; (mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; / fhzp cWjp)

murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpf;fhf gytpjq;fspy; rl;luPjpahd Mtzq;fs; toq;fg;gLk;. mit gpd;tUkhW: 1. KjyhtJ tUlhe;j mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; (murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lk;) 2. mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ mj;jhl;rpg; gj;jpuk; (fh. m. f. mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; (L D O mDkjpg; gj;jpuk;)) tUlhe;j mj;jhl;rpg; gj;jpuk; vdg;gLtJ xU tUlj;jpw;F khj;jpuk; toq;fg;gLk; mj;jhl;rpg; gj;jpukhFk;. murhq;f fhzpfSf;fhd fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,J toq;fg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf epue;jukhd cWjpnahd;iw NfhUtjw;F cupik ,y;iy. epue;jukhf cupik toq;fg;gl Kbahj re;jHg;gq;fspNyNa ,t;thwhd tUlhe;j mj;jhl;rpg; gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

,it jw;fhypf Mtzq;fshf ,Ug;gJld;> mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s epge;jidfs; kPwg;gLkhapd;> mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; cupikahsUf;F Kd;$l;bNa mwptpg;gjd; Clhf mjid ,uj;Jr; nra;a KbAk;. ,e;j mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; gpuNjr nrayhsH ifnahg;gkpl;bUg;ghH. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; efy; gpujp kw;Wk; gjpNtl;L gpujp vd;gd gpuNjr nrayfj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. kfhtyp mjpfhuj;jpw;Fl;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy; cs;s fhzpfSf;fhd mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fis tjptpl tpahghu KfhikahsH toq;FthH. mNjNtis> ,e;j Mtzq;fspd; efy; gpujpfs; tya mYtyfj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;fhd epge;jidfis G+Hj;jp nra;jjd; gpd;dH> murhq;fj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLk; ed;nfhil cWjp (nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk;) ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd cupik> me;j mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fis itj;jpUg;gtHfs;/cupikahsHfSf;F fpilf;Fk;. ,e;j cWjpia toq;Fk; NghJ> fhzpf;F vy;iyf; fw;fs; itj;J> vy;iy tFf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; jkf;F gpd;dH cupj;JilatHfspd; ngaiu Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.

3.1 gpk;rtpa epfo;r;rp cq;fsplk; cs;s ve;jnthU ,lj;jpdJk; cupikia tYg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tJ ,e;j epfo;r;rpapd; Clhf Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j epfo;r;rpapd; %yk; toq;fg;gLk; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; rhd;wpjohf fUjg;gLk;. cupikr; rhd;wpjo; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lkhapd; cq;fsplk; fPNo Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s cWjpg; gj;jpuq;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. • ifAjpHj;jy; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; • Rje;jpu cWjpg; gj;jpuk; • RtHzG+kp / [aG+kp / ,RU G+kp / ud;gpk cWjpg; gj;jpuk;

16 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

gpk;rtpa epfo;r;rpapd; %yk; cq;fSf;F fpilf;Fk; gyd;fs;: 1. ePq;fs; mDgtpf;Fk; ,lj;jpd; mstply; eltbf;ifia Kd;ndLj;J> tiuglk; jahupj;jy;. 2. fhzpf;F cWjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;fy; 3. ePq;fs; tptrhapahapd; tpiutpy; cq;fSf;F cWjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;fy; 4. cq;fsplk; cs;s epyj;jpw;F gpur;rpid ,Ug;gpd;> mjw;F jPHT fhzy; 5. cq;fSf;F cupikr; rhd;wpjo; fpilj;jy;.

cupikr; rhd;wpjo; %yk; fpilf;Fk; gad;fs;: 1. gpur;rpidfs; mw;w fhzpahf khwy; 2. kw;nwhU egUf;F khw;Wjiy ,yFthf nra;af; $bajhf ,Uj;jy; 3. tq;fpapdhy; ,yFthf fld; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $baik 4. ,yq;ifapd; ve;jnthU fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpYk;> cq;fSila fhzp njhlHgpy; jfty; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tifapyhd re;jHg;gk; fpilf;fpd;wik 5. KiwNflhd tifapy; cq;fSila fhzpf;F Nghyp gj;jpuk; jahupf;f ,ayhik.

3.2 mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsH nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; fhzp cWjpia) ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ vt;thW? mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; ,Uf;ff; $ba epge;jidfis cq;fshy; epiwNtw;w KbAkhapd;> nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; / fhzp cWjpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; tpz;zg;gpf;f KbAk;. ,t;thwhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; gpuNjr nrayhsH> khtl;l epy msit mj;jpal;rfUf;F> mjw;fhd cj;juit gzpj;J> fhzpia mstpl;L vy;iyf; fy; mikg;gjw;F eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpuNjr nrayhsUf;F epy msitahsH mj;jpal;rfupd; epy msit tiuglk; fpilj;jjd; gpd;dH> nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;ij jahupf;f KbAk;.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

3.3 fhzp cWjpg;gj;jpuk; fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; my;yJ murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; my;yJ fhzp gpujhd (tpNrl Vw;ghLfs;) rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,J toq;fg;gLk;. fhzp cWjpg;gj;jpuk;; vd;gJ [dhjpgjpapdhy; gpui[ xUtUf;F toq;fg;gLk; cWjpg; gj;jpukhFk;. Muk;gj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;l mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; epge;jidfisg; G+Hj;jp nra;jtHfSf;F khj;jpuNk fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; cWjpg;gj;jpuk;; toq;fg;gLk;. ,e;j cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid toq;Ftjw;F Kjypy; msitapayhsupd; tiuglj;jpid ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Fwpj;j ,lj;jpid mstpl;L vy;iyf; fw;fs; itf;fg;gl;l tiuglkhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mJ fhzp tiuglj;Jld; ,izf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. tiuglj;jpd; gpufhuk; fhzpapd; vy;iy kw;Wk; msT vd;gd Jiz Mjhuq;fshf tpsf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. (rpy fhyj;jpw;F Kd;dH toq;fg;gl;l gy [aG+kp nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuq;fSf;F> md;W fhzg;gl;l rl;lj;jpw;F mika tiuglk; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;). nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; rpy epge;jidfSk;> ,uz;L fhg;GWjp Vw;ghLfSk; cs;slq;fpapUf;Fk;. ,e;j epge;jidfSf;F Vw;g fhzpia kpfTk; rpwpa mstpy; gq;fplf; $ba msTk; Fwpg;glg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,e;j nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; [dhjpgjpapd; ifnahg;gj;jpd; efy; ,lg;gl;L> rptg;G epwj;jpy; Kj;jpiu gjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,e;j nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid ngWk; egUf;Fg; gpd;dH> mtuJ tho;f;if Jizf;F (kidtp / fztd;) fhzpapd; cupik fpilf;Fk;. mJ tho;f;if cupik vd Fwpf;fg;gLk;. nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsUf;F ,e;j fhzpf;fhd mLj;j cupikahsH ahH vd;gjid ngauplTk; KbAk;. ,t;thW mLj;j cupikahsiu ngauplhj re;jHg;gj;jpy; tho;f;if Jizf;F (fztd; my;yJ kidtp) tho;f;if cupikapd; gpd;dH> %j;j Mz; gps;isf;F fhzp cupik cupj;jhFk;. gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; ngw;w mDkjpapd; gpd;dH ,e;j fhzp cupik khw;wy; my;yJ tpw;gid Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. ,t;thW Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; cupik khw;wy; fhzp gjpthsH mYtyj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;. Kjw; gpujp jtwtplg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; my;yJ mopTWk; gl;rj;jpy; me;j mYtyfj;jpy; cWjp nra;ag;gl;l gpujpia 18 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. cupikapy; khw;wk; nra;ag;gLk; vy;yh re;jHg;gq;fspYk; mjid gjpT nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

3.4 murhq;fj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLk; Vida rl;l Mtzq;fs; gpd;tUkhW: 1. ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjp (mur fhzpfs; fl;lisr; rl;lk;) 2. nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; (gpujhd Mtzk; / fhzp cWjp) ,it fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gLk;. (,it RtHz G+kp / [a G+kp / uj;d G+kp / ,RU G+kp / ud;gpk vd fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; gy;NtW ngaHfspy; toq;fg;gLk;). 3. Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; (mur fhzpfs; fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;) 4. epahjd rhjd gj;jpuk; (fhzp gpujhd tpNrl Vw;ghLfs; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;) 5. cupikg; gj;jpuk; (cupik gjpT nra;jy; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;) 6. r%f cWjp (tpfhiufSf;fhf murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;) 7. mDgtpj;jy; cj;juT (murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; khfhz cs;Suhl;rp epWtdq;fSf;fhf)

rupahd ghijapy; nrd;why;… rptuhkd; fLk; rpf;fy; xd;iw vjpHNehf;fpAs;shH. tq;fpapy; mlF itj;j fhzp %o;fg; Nghfpd;wJ. mt;thW elf;Fkhapd;> jw;NghJ rptuhkDk; mtuJ kidtp> gps;isfSk; trpf;Fk; tPLk; mtHfsJ ifapy; ,Ue;J eOtpg; NghFk;. thlif tPl;by; trpf;fg; Nghfpd;Nwhk; vd epidf;Fk; NghJ neQ;R milg;gJ Nghy; ,Ug;gjhf rptuhkd; czUfpd;whH. jhk; r%fj;jpy; thOk; Kiwf;F> ,j;jid trjpAldhd tPl;bid tpl;Lr; nry;tJ> jkf;F vt;thwhapDk;> jkJ gps;isfspdhy; xUNghJk;

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

jhq;fpf; nfhs;s KbahJ vd;gjid rptuhkd; mwpe;J itj;jpUe;jhH. rptuhkd; fle;j fhyj;ij epidj;Jg; ghHj;jhH. jhk; ,e;j fhzpia tpiyf;F ngw;w tpjk; Fwpj;Jk;> mjw;fhd fhzp cWjpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F gpuNjr nrayfj;jpw;F nrd;w tpjk; Fwpj;Jk; mtUf;F epidTf;F te;jJ. gpuNjrj;jpy; midtuhYk; ed;F mwpag;gl;ltuhd rptuhkd;> gpuNjr nrayfj;jpw;Fr; nrd;w NghJ> mq;Fs;stHfs; jkJ Njitia cldbahf nra;J jUtjw;F vLj;j Kaw;rp epidTf;F te;jJ. murhq;fj;jpd; Cjpak; ngWk;> nghUshjhu uPjpahf tYthd epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; jkf;F mjpfhupfs; xd;wpize;J [aG+kp fhzp cWjpia jahupj;J nfhLj;jikAk; epidTf;F te;jJ. jkJ tUkhdj;jpw;F mika me;j fhzp cWjpiag; ngWtjw;F mtUf;F jFjp ,y;iy vd;gJk;> [aG+kp fhzp cWjp tUkhdk; Fiwe;jtHfSf;F toq;fg;gLtJ vd;gJ Fwpj;Jk;> mtH mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. mjpfhupfSk; mtUf;F njspT gLj;jtpy;iy. vdpDk;> jkJ jFjpf;F mika murhq;f fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; fhzp ngWtjw;F mjpf fhyk; nry;Yk; vdj; njuptpj;jikapdhy;> tup nrYj;JkhW njuptpj;jikapdhy; [aG+kp fhzpiag; ngWtjw;F jhk; tpUg;gk; njuptpj;jikAk; jpiug;glk; Nghy; mtuJ fz; Kd;dhy; tpupe;jJ. vdpDk;> jw;NghJ rptuhkd; vjpHNehf;fpAs;s gpur;rpidia vt;thW jPHg;gJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J Fog;gkile;Js;shH. MNyhrid ngWtjw;Fk;> jkf;F fhzp cWjpia jahupj;J je;j mjpfhupfs; gpuNjr nrayfj;jpy; flikapy; ,y;iy. [aG+kp fhzp cWjp fpilj;jTld;> mjid tq;fpapy; mlF itj;J> Fwpj;j fhzpapy; ghupa tPnlhd;iw fl;bdhH. mjpy; xU gFjpapy; trpj;j mNj 20 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

re;jHg;gj;jpy;> Rw;Wyh tpLjpnahd;whf kw;iwa gFjpia gad;gLj;jp te;jhH. vdpDk;> ePbj;j Aj;j #o;epiyapdhy; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; tUif Fiwtila fld; jtizia nrYj;j KbahJ NghdikAk;> mjidj; njhlHe;J fhzpia tpw;gid nra;tjw;F tq;fp mwptpj;jy; tpLj;jikAk; mtuJ epidtpw;F te;jJ. tq;fpapy; jhk; ngw;w fld; njhifia tpl> fhzpapd; ngWkjp mjpfk; vd;gjdhy;> ,lj;ij thq;Ftjw;F gyH Kd;te;j NghjpYk;> mJ [aG+kp fhzpahf ,Ug;gjdhy;> gpd;thq;fpr; nrd;W tpl;ldH. vdpDk;> ePz;l fhy Fj;jiff;F fhzpnahd;wpidg; ngw;wpUe;jhy;> tpUk;gpa re;jHg;gj;jpy; me;j cupikia NtnwhUtUf;F vOjpf; nfhLg;gjd; %yk;> jdJ gpur;rpidia ,yFthf jPHj;J> fpilj;j gzj;jpy; Ntwplj;jpy; rpwpa fhzpia thq;fpapUf;fyhk; vd ,g;nghONj mtUf;Fg; Gupfpd;wJ. Mdhy;> jw;NghJ tq;fpapdhy; fhzp tpw;gid nra;ag;gl;L> fld;fs; milf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH vQ;rpAs;s gzj;ij ngWtJ khj;jpuNk xNu topahFk;. vdpDk;> me;j gzk; iff;F tUtjw;F vj;jid ehshFNkh vd;gJ Fwpj;Jk; rptuhkd; ftiyaile;Js;shH.

3.5 ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuk; ahUf;F toq;fg;gLk;? ve;jnthU egUk; my;yJ epWtdKk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. mjpf tUkhdk; ngWgtHfs;> eLj;ju tHf;fj;jpdH> murhq;f CopaHfSf;F ,e;j Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. mt;thNw> efug; gFjpf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

murhq;fj;jpd; ve;jnthU ,lj;jpw;Fk; ePz;l fhy Fj;jifNa toq;fg;gl KbAk;. ,e;j cWjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;fg;glf; $ba Njitfs;: • • • • • •

jq;Fkpl tpLjpfSf;F tHj;jf ,lq;fSf;F njhopy; ,lq;fSf;F tptrhaj; njhopy; ,lq;fSf;F mikg;G ,lq;fSf;F NtW epWtdq;fSf;F

3.6 ePz;lfhy Fj;jifjhuHfis vt;thW milahsk; fhz;gJ? 1. ,J murhq;fj;jpw;Fk;> Fj;jif ngWgtUf;Fk; ,ilapyhd cld;gbf;ifahFk;. 2. Fj;jif ngWgtH gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba gy epge;jidfs; ,jpy; cs;sd. 3. toq;fg;gl Ntz;ba jpdk; kw;Wk; Fj;jif njhif vd;gd Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk; 4. epy msitahsupdhy; rhd;wspf;fg;gl;l tiuglKk;> cWjpg; gj;jpuj;Jld; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. 5. epy msitahsH ehafj;jpdhy; jahupf;fg;gl;l epy tiuglj;jpy; fhzpapd; vy;iyfs; kw;Wk; msT vd;gd Fwpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. 6. nghJthf Fj;jif 30 tUl fhyg;gFjpf;F toq;fg;gLk;. (Njitapd; mbg;gilapy; Fj;jif fhyk; NtWgLtJld;> Ke;ija fhyj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; tUlj;jpw;fhd Fj;jif ,jd; fPNo toq;fg;gLk;). 7. ,J ,U jug;gpdUf;F ,ilapyhd cld;gbf;ifahf ,Ug;gJld;> Fj;jif ngWgtupd; kw;Wk; [dhjpgjpapd; ifnahg;gk; ,lg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mj;Jld;> Kjw;gpujpapy; rptg;G epwj;jpy; murhq;f Kj;jpiu (Embossed Seal) gjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. 8. ,e;j Fj;jif cWjp gj;jpuj;jpid gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 22 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

3.7 Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; vdg;gLtJ vd;d? jq;Fkpl eltbf;iff;fhf toq;fg;gl;Ls;s ePz;lfhy Fj;jif cWjp gj;jpuj;jpw;Nf Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gLk;. NtW eltbf;iffSf;fhf toq;fg;gl;l ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;F Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gl khl;lhJ. 1. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; [dhjpgjpapd; gzpg;gpd; Ngupy;> NtW NjitfSf;F toq;fg;gl;l fhzpfSf;F Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; toq;fg;glyhk;. vdpDk;> mt;thwhd re;jHg;gq;fs; kpf mupJ. 2. ,e;j Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; ve;jnthU epge;jidfSk; cs;slq;fhJ. fhzpia ngWgtH ehl;bd; ePjpfSf;F Vw;wthW fhzpia gad;gLj;j KbAk;. 3. ,jd; fPo; fhzpapd; cupikia khw;wy;> gq;fply;> mlF itj;jy; vd;gd ,aYk;. 4. msitahsupdhy; toq;fg;gl;l ‘O’ tpsf;fg;glk; (Outright Diagram) nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; ,izf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 5. [dhjpgjpapd; efy; ifnahg;gk; ,lg;gl;L> rptg;G epwj;jpy; murhq;f Kj;jpiu gjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. 6. ,e;j nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jidj; jtpu murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp tPlikg;G mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig my;yJ efu mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig (fhzpfis nghJ kf;fSf;F gfpHe;jspg;gjw;fhf) Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; Clhf cupikia ifaspf;f KbAk;. mt;thW toq;fpajd; gpd;dH me;j epWtdq;fs; nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; Clhf mjd; fhzpg; gFjpfis nghJkf;fSf;F toq;f KbAk;.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

3.8 nghJ eltbf;iffSf;fhf toq;fg;gLk; fhzpfSf;fhd Mtzk;

tpfhiufs; / kj epWtdq;fs; / nghJr; rq;fq;fs; my;yJ mikg;Gf;fSf;fhf fhzp ngwy;. gy;NtW nghJ eltbf;iffSf;fhf fhzp ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; Njit cs;s epiyapy; mjd; nghUl;L gpd;gw;wg;gl Ntz;ba eilKiwfs; cs;sd. Kjyhtjhf> mjd; nghUl;L jFjpahd fhzpg; gFjpnahd;iw milahsk; fhz Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhd mikg;G my;yJ epWtdj;jpd; tpz;zg;gj;jpid gpuNjr nrayfk; my;yJ rk;ge;jg;gl;l mjpfhupfSf;F mDg;gp itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. gpuNjr nrayhsH> Fwpj;j fhzpia ed;whf gupNrhjid nra;J> Nfhug;gl;Ls;s fhuzj;jpw;F me;j fhzp nghUj;jkhdjh vd;gjid murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; mwtplf; $ba Fj;jif njhifia (rpwpastpyhd Fj;jif njhif) khj;jpuk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L ePz;l fhy Fj;jiff;F toq;Ftjw;fhd mDkjpia> nfsut mikr;rpd; Clhf toq;Ftjw;F eltbf;if vLg;ghH.

3.9 fhzp kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FOr; rigaplk; cs;s fhzp (L.R.C. fhzp) fhzp kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FO rigapd; trk; cs;s fhzp murhq;fj;jpd; ,lky;y. gfpHe;jspg;gjw;F jFe;j ,lq;fis milahsk; fz;L mit murhq;fj;jpd; ,lq;fshf mwptpf;fg;gLk;. fPNo Fwpg;gpl;l trjpfis toq;Fk; egHfsplk; ,e;j fhzp ve;jtpjkhd mwtPLk; ,d;wp toq;fg;gLk;. 1. ,yq;if gpui[ahf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; 2. fhzp ,y;yhj egHfshf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; 3. 18 tajpid G+Hj;jp nra;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 4. fhzp mike;Js;s fpuhk NrtfH gpuptpy; Fiwe;jgl;rk; VO tUlq;fs; njhlHr;rpahf epue;ju gjptpid Nkw;nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; 5. Fiwe;j tUkhdk; ngWgtHfshf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 24 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

3.10 epahjd rhjd gj;jpuk; Clhf fhzp ngw;w cq;fSila nghWg;Gf;fSk;> flikfSk; • NkjF [dhjpgjpapdhy; ifnahg;gk; ,lg;gl;L cq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s ,e;j nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; kpfTk; ngWkjp kpf;f Mtzkhf ,Ug;gJld;> mjid ghJfhf;f Ntz;baJ cq;fSila gpujhd nghWg;ghFk;. • cq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid ed;F thrpj;J Gupe;J nfhs;sy;. • cq;fSila ngaH my;yJ fhzpapd; vy;iy my;yJ mstpy; NtWghL ,Ug;gpd; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid> gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; toq;fp jpUj;jpf; nfhs;sy;. • cq;fSf;F fpilj;Js;s ,lj;jpid ed;F mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;. • cq;fSila fhzpf;fhf mLj;j cupikahsuhf xUtH my;yJ gyiu ePq;fs; ngaupl KbAk;. Mdhy;> cq;fSila fztH/kidtp my;yJ ,uj;j cwTfis khj;jpuNk ePq;fs; ngaupl KbAk;. • cq;fSf;Fg; gpd;dH cq;fSila fhzpapd; KOikahd cupikAk; cq;fSila fztH/kidtpf;Fr; nry;Yk;. • fztd;/kidtpf;Fg; gpd;dH fhzpapd; cupik cq;fshy; ngauplg;gLk; mLj;j cupikahsUf;F my;yJ cupikahsHfSf;F cupj;jhFk;. • ePq;fs; mLj;j cupikahsupd; ngaiu Fwpg;gplhtpl;lhy;> fztd;/kidtpf;Fg; gpd;dH cq;fSila %j;j Mz; gps;isf;F fhzp cupj;jhFk;. Mz; gps;is ,y;iynad;why; %j;j ngz; gps;isf;F fhzp cupj;jhFk;. ,uj;j cwTs;s xUtUf;F ,e;j fhzpia cupik khw;w Ntz;Lkhapd;>gpuNjr nrayhsH Clhf khfhz fhzp MizahsH / fhzp MizahsH ehafk; Kd;dpiyapy; rkHg;gpj;J mDkjp ngwg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

4.mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; Clhf kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; Clhf fpilj;j fhzpia mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;

murhq;fj;jhy; fpilf;fg; ngw;w fhzpia mgptpUj;jp nra;tJ> mjidg; ngWgtuhy; fl;lhak; nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba tplakhFk;. mt;thW mgptpUj;jp nra;ahjtplj;;J> me;j fhzpf;fhd cupkj;ij gpuNjr nrayhsH ,uj;Jr; nra;ayhk;. gapHr;nra;iff;fhf toq;fg;gl;l ,lkhapd;> mjpy; epue;ju gapH kw;Wk; FWfpa fhy gapHfis tpijj;J> mjd; nraw;ghLfis rpwg;ghf Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk;. Nrw;W epykhapd; mtw;iw tskhd epykhf khw;Wtjw;fhd eltbf;iffs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. 26 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

tjptjw;fhf toq;fg;gl;l ,lkhapd;> mjpy; tPL> kyry $lk;> fpzW Nghd;wd epHkhzpf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. njhopy; my;yJ tpahghuj;jpw;fhf toq;fg;gl;bUg;gpd;> mq;F njhopy; my;yJ tpahghuk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. tjptjw;fhf toq;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; jdpahd tPLfs; rpy mikg;gjhapd;> mjd; nghUl;L Fwpj;j fhzp gFjpfshf gpupf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhf msit jpl;lkply;> Fwpj;j khfhz cs;@uhl;rp epWtdj;jpy; mDkjpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mjd;gpd;dH> epHkhzpf;fg;gLk; fl;ll jpl;lkplYk; Fwpj;j khfhz cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fspdhy; mDkjpaspf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mDkjp toq;fg;glhJ epHkhzpf;fg;gLk; fl;llq;fis mfw;Wtjw;fhd mjpfhuk; khfhz cs;@uhl;rp mikg;Gf;fSf;F cs;sJ. gpd;dH> mfw;wg;gLk; fl;llk; Fwpj;J mDkjp ngw Kaw;rpg;gjw;F> mghuhjj; njhif mwtplg;gLk;. rpy khfhz cs;@uhl;rp mikg;Gf;fspy; tupg;gz vy;iyf;F ntspNa mike;Js;s gpuNjrq;fspy; epHkhzpf;fg;gLk; fl;llq;fSf;F fl;ll epHkhzj; jpl;lkply; mDkjp toq;fg;glkhl;lhJ.

4.1 murhq;f fhzpnahd;whapd; cq;fSila nghWg;Gf;fSk;> flikfSk; 1. fhzpia ed;F mgptpUj;jp nra;J ehl;bd; cw;gj;jpf;F gq;fspf;f Ntz;Lk;. 2. fhzpapd; eyid ghJfhg;gjw;fhf rpwe;j cu tiffis gad;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 3. fhzpapy; ,Uf;Fk; epyj;jpw;F eyd; tpistpf;ff; $ba capupdq;fspd; mopTf;F fhuzkhd jP itj;jy; jtpHf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. 4. mjpfsthd fpUkpehrpdpfs;> fisehrpdpfs; kw;Wk; ,urhad cuq;fis gad;gLj;Jtjid jtpHf;f Ntz;Lk;. 5. Rw;Wr; #oy; rkepiy ghJfhf;fg;gLk; tifapy; epyj;jpid gad;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 6. Ntyp vy;iyf; fw;fs; kw;Wk; vy;iyf; fw;fis ed;F guhkupf;f Ntz;Lk;. buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

7. ePq;fs; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L tjptjw;F my;yJ gapHnra;tjw;F fhzp cWjpg; gj;jpuk; ngWtjw;F Kaw;rpg;gPHfshapd;> vy;iy msitahsupdhy; fy; itj;J Gs;spaply; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW xU gpuNjrj;jpy; vy;iy fy; itj;J jahupf;fg;gLk; tiuglk; ,Wjpahd fpuhk tiuglkhFk;. fy; gjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s fhzpapy; rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,aw;if fhuzq;fshy; fy; fod;W Nghjy; kw;Wk; jd;dpr;irahf cile;J Nghjy; vd;gtw;iw mtjhdpf;f KbAk;. ,t;thwhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; kPz;Lk; vy;iy milahsq;fis mikj;J jUkhW gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; Nfhupf;if tpLf;fyhk;. ,jd; nghUl;L nraw;gLgtHfs; fr;Nrup msitahsHfs; vd miof;fg;gLtH. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,e;j eltbf;if murhq;f msitahsHfshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. Jupjkhf ePq;fs; ,e;j eltbf;ifia Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lkhapd;> gpuNjr nrayhsupd; mDkjpAld;> jdpahH msitahsiu gad;gLj;jp> fl;lzk; nrYj;jp Kd;ndLf;f KbAk;.

4.2 cq;fs; trk; cs;s fhzpapy; ,Uf;Fk; kuq;fis gad;gLj;j KbAkh? cq;fs; trk; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;Jld; fhzpapy; cq;fshy; gapHnra;ag;gl;l kuk; kw;Wk; ,aw;ifj; jhtuq;fis gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd re;jHg;gq;fs; cs;sd. Mdhy;> ,e;j eltbf;ifia ngUk;ghYk; vr;rupf;ifAld; Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk;.mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ cWjpg; gj;jpuk; ,y;yhj fhzpfspy; fhl;L kuq;fis xUNghJk; mfw;w KbahJ. kuq;fis mfw;Wtjhapd;> Kjyhtjhf fpuhk NrtfH Clhf gpuNjr nrayhsupw;F Nfhupf;if Kd;itf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjd; gpd;dH gpuNjr nrayhsH my;yJ cjtp gpuNjr nrayhsH Fwpj;j gFjpf;F tUif je;J Muha;e;J eltbf;if vLj;J> kuk; ntl;LtJ njhlHghf mDkjp gj;jpuk; toq;Ftjw;F eltbf;if vLg;ghH.,e;j mDkjpapd;wp kuj;ij ntl;b my;yJ mUfpy; itj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;> tdg;ghJfhg;G mjpfhup / fpuhk mjpfhup my;yJ Fbrd mjpfhup my;yJ nghyp]hH te;J> cq;fsplk;

28 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

cs;s kuq;fis ifg;gw;WtJld;> cq;fis ifJ nra;a KbAk;. ePq;fs; ,t;thW cq;fs; fhzpapy; ntl;L kuq;fis> thfdj;jpy; nfhz;L nry;tjw;fhd jdpahd mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; ngw Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW kuj;ij fhzpapy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L nry;tjw;fhd mDkjpaspg;gjw;F tUif jUk; mjpfhupapd; gupe;Jiu fbjj;ij> gpuNjr nrayfj;jpy; rkHg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. jil nra;ag;gl;l tif kuq;fis fhzpaypUe;J ntspapy; nfhz;L nry;tjw;F (fUq;fhyp> Njf;F> ghiy> Ntk;G Nghd;wd) td mjpfhupfs;> gpuNjr nrayhsH kw;Wk; khtl;l td mjpfhupfspd; (DFO) mDkjpiag; ngwy; Ntz;Lk;.

4.3 murhq;f fhzp kjpg;gply; kw;Wk; fhzp tup mwtply; xU egUf;F murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpg; gFjpfis toq;Ftjpy; mjd;nghUl;lhd tUlhe;j tup mwtply; ,lk;ngWk;. fhzp toq;fg;gLk; gpujhd re;jHg;gj;jpy; gpuNjr nrayhsH Clhf me;j fhzp njhlHgpy; cj;Njr kjpg;gPL Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L> mjd; ngWkjpapd;; 4% tUlhe;j fhzp tupahf mwtplg;gLk;. vt;thwhapDk;> fhzpia Fj;jiff;F toq;FtJ nfsut fhzp mikr;rupd; mDkjp toq;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH> ,e;j fhzpia Kiwahf kjpg;gPL nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; nghUl;L gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; kjpg;gPL elj;jg;gl Ntz;ba tUlk; kw;Wk; fhzpapd; cWjpahd ngWkjp kw;Wk; tiugl gpujp vd;gd khfhz kjpg;gPl;lhsUf;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gLk;. mjd; gpd;dH gpujhd kjpg;gPl;L mjpfhupfs; Fwpj;j fhzpf;F tUif je;J kjpg;gPl;bd; NghJ Muha;e;J ghHf;f Ntz;ba tplaq;fis ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L fhzpapd; ngWkjpia gpuNjr nrayhsUf;F Fwpg;gpl;L mDg;gp itg;gH. mjd; gpd;dH nfsut mikr;rupdhy; mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;lthW tup njhif kw;Wk; mguhjj; njhif my;yJ jtiz Kjy; ,Ug;gpd;> mjid Fj;jifjhuUf;F gpuNjr nrayhsH mwptpg;ghH.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

tup mwtpLtjpy; fhzp gad;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fj;jpw;F Vw;g kjpg;gPl;L ngWkjpapd; mwtpLk; rjtPjk; NtWgLk;. ntspg;gilahf jq;Fkpl eltbf;iff;fhf kjpg;gPL ngWkjpapd; 4% Mf mwtpl;lhYk;> Gz;zpa eltbf;iffSf;F kjpg;gPl;L ngWkjpapd; ½% khj;jpuNk mwtplg;gLk;. ,J jtpu NtW gy;NtW eltbf;iffSf;F kjpg;gPL jpizf;fsk; Clhf fhzpfSf;F my;yJ fl;llq;fSf;F kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gLk; re;jHg;gq;fs; cs;sd. kjpg;gPl;L jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; kjpg;gPL ngWtJ gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; cj;jpNahfg;G+Ht gzpahf ,Ug;gJld;> jdpahf murhq;f fhzpf;fhd kjpg;gPl;bid ngWtjw;F tha;g;G ,y;iy. mt;thNw> me;j kjpg;gPL njhlHgpy; jpUg;jp milahjtH> mJ Fwpj;j Nkd;KiwaPl;bid gpujhd kjpg;gPl;Lf;fhd fhuzq;fSld; rkHg;gpf;f KbAk;. ,e;j Nkd;KiwaPl;bid gpuNjr nrayhsH ClhfNt Kd;ndLf;f KbAk;. mjidj; jtpu gpuNjr nrayhsH ClhfTk; fhzp ngWkjp kjpg;gPL nra;tjw;fhd re;jHg;gk; cs;sJ. ngWkjpia cWjpg;gLj;Jk; NghJk;> rhd;wpjo; tpepNahfpf;Fk; NghJk; me;j nraw;ghL Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. egHfspd; NtWgl;l NjitfSf;fhf gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; nrhj;J kw;Wk; tUkhd rhd;wpjo; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk;. tpNrlkhf> tUkhdj;jpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F> ePjpkd;wj;jpy; gpiz itg;gjw;Fk; nrhj;J rhd;wpjo; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk;. ,t;thwhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; fhzp kjpg;gPL nra;Ak; NghJ> gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; fhzpapd; msT> mjd; vy;iy fhzp Clhf Kd;ndLf;ff; $baJld;> mgptpUj;jpapy;> fhzpf;fhd gpuNtr top> ePH> njhiyNgrp> kpd;rhuk; Nghd;w mbg;gil trjpfs; Fwpj;J mtjhdkhf ,Ue;Nj fhzp kjpg;gPL Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;.

30 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

4.4 fhzp njhlHgpy; toq;ff; $ba Fj;jif njhif vd;d? tUlhe;j Fj;jif njhif – tUlhe;j mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;F tUlhe;jk; Fj;jif njhif toq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jid gpuNjr nrayfj;jpw;F my;yJ fhzp mjpfhupfSf;F toq;f Ntz;Lk;. ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg;gj;jpuj;jpw;fhd Fj;jif – midj;J ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;fhfTk;> tUlhe;jk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;ba Fj;jif njhif Fwpj;j Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mjpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s jpdj;jpw;F Kd;dH> Fwpj;j Fj;jif njhifia gpuNjr nrayfk; / gpujp fhzp MizahsH mYtyfj;jpw;F nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;gpl;l mstpy; Fj;jif njhifia toq;ftpy;iynadpd;> mguhjj; njhif nrYj;j NeupLk;. • fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; tptrha tFg;G rhuhjtHfSf;F> nfhs;tdT tpiyia mwtpl;L mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;Fjy; ,lk;ngWk;. ,jd; NghJ kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gLk; fhzpapd; mjpfupf;fhj ngWkjp 10 jtizfspy; 10 tUlq;fspy; nrYj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. • mjidj; jtpu> fhzpf;fhd khfhz cs;@uhl;rp rigfSf;F tupj;njhif Fj;jif njhif nrYj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ngUk;ghyhNdhH> ,e;j tupj;njhif Fj;jif kw;Wk; murhq;fj;jpw;F nrYj;j Ntz;ba NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l fhzp tupj; njhif vd;gtw;iw jtwhf Gupe;J nfhs;tJz;L. ntspg;gilahf $Wtjhapd; tupgzk; kw;Wk; fhzp tup vd;gd ,uz;L NtW tplaq;fshFk;. • mt;thNw fhzp kw;Wk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l tptrha Nritj; jpizf;fsj;jpw;F toq;fg;gl Ntz;ba Vf;fH tup vd;nwhU tplak; cs;sJ. mtw;iw tptrha fhzpfSf;Nf toq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jid mwtply; tptrha gupNrhjid kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp cjtpahsUk;> tptrha Nrit gpuNjr mjpfhupAk; Kd;ndLg;gH. • vt;thwhapDk;> ahH tupg; gzj;ij nrYj;jpdhYk;> mjid mwtpLk; mjpfhupapdhy; mjw;fhd urPJ toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l rl;luPjpahd tupg; gzk; jtpu midj;J tupg; gzKk; NtW ve;jnthU epWtdj;jpw;F my;yJ egUf;F toq;f Ntz;ba Njit ,y;iy. buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

5.mDkjpg; gj;jpu gpujpnahd;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; vd;gJ> epue;ju cWjpg; gj;jpuk; xd;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F Njitahd mbg;gil MtzkhFk;. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; mYtyfq;fspd; ke;jfukhd nraw;ghLfspdhy; ,tw;wpd; gpujpfs; mYtyfj;jpy; ,y;yhjpUf;fTk; (ntF mupjhf) rhj;jpaq;fs; cs;sd. vt;thwhapDk;> cq;fSf;F mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; gpujpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lkhapd; fPNo Fwpg;gpl;l jfty;fs; cq;fsplk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. 1. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; efy; gpujp / mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; ,yf;fk; my;yJ toq;fg;gl;l jpfjp 2. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; cupikahsupd; ngaH 3. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l fhzp mike;Js;s fpuhkk; 4. ,lj;jpd; msT kw;Wk; ehd;F vy;iyfs; 5. njupAkhapd; #oTs;s fhzpapd; tpguq;fs; Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l tplaq;fs; epidtpy; ,Uf;Fkhapd; mtw;iw Fwpg;gpl;L fpuhk NrtfH / Fbrd mjpfhup Clhf gpuNjr nrayhsUf;F fbjk; xd;iw rkHg;gpf;f KbAk;. mjd; gpd;dH gpujpnahd;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd fl;lzj;jpw;fhd Kj;jpiufis gjpj;J rkHg;gpjd; %yk;> gpujpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; gpujpiag; Nghd;Nw mjDld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l gjpNtl;bd; gpujpAk; midj;J gpuNjr nrayfj;jpw;Fk; mDg;gp itf;fg;gLk;. mjdhy;> mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; Kjy; gpujp fhzhky; NghFk;gl;rj;jpy; my;yJ moptilAk;gl;rj;jpy; mjd; cupikahsNuh my;yJ mLj;j cupikahsNuh cWjp nra;j gpujpia NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l Kiwapy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

32 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

fhzhky; Nghd my;yJ moptile;j mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; / cWjpg; gj;jpu gpujpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ vt;thW? mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; / cWjpg; gj;jpuk; vd;gJ kpfTk; gaDs;s MtzkhFk;. mit fhzhky; Nghdjd; gpd;dH gpujp xd;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F Kaw;rpg;gjpYk;> jk;kplk; cs;s Kjy; gpujpia ghJfhg;gNj rpwe;jJ. ,jd; nghUl;L: 1. ,aYkhapd; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; / mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid nghypj;jPd; %yk; fhj;J (nykpNdl;bq;) itj;Jf; nfhs;sy;. 2. efy; gpujp my;yJ rhd;wspf;fg;gl;l gpujpfis vLj;J jdpj; jdpahf itj;Jf; nfhs;sy;. 3. xt;nthU cWjpg; gj;jpuk; / mDkjpg; gj;jpuKk; ntt;NtW ghJfhg;ghd Nfhg;Gfspy; ghJfhg;ghf itj;jpUf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. 4. mt;thNw Nfhg;gpy; Fwpj;J itj;jy;. 5. ,t;thwhd Mtzq;fs; mlq;fpa Nfhg;Gf;fis kpfTk; ghJfhg;ghd ,lq;fspy; gj;jpug;gLj;jp itj;jy; kpfTk; rpwe;jJ.

5.1 ePz;l fhy Fj;jif gj;jpuj;jpd; / gpujhd gj;jpuj;jpd; / Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; / ifAjpHj;jy; gj;jpuj;jpd; (nehj;jhup]; gj;jpuj;jpd;) efy; gpujpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ vt;thW? NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l Mtzq;fspd; (ifAjpHj;jy; / nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuq;fs; jtpu) efy; gpujp gpuNjr nrayfq;fspy; ,Ug;gpDk;> khtl;l fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; cs;s efy; gpujpapd;> khtl;l fhzp gjpthsupdhy; rhd;wspf;fg;gl;l efy; gpujpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tNj kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l midj;J Mtzq;fSk;> fhzp gjpT nra;jy; mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ljd; gpd;dH mq;F midj;J gpujpfSk; ,wg;gH Kj;jpiu ,lg;gl;L> me;j cWjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ Mtzk; ve;j Gj;jfj;jpy;> vj;jidahtJ gf;fj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

mt;thNw Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l cWjpg; gj;jpuk; Mtzj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ljhd; nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; (cupik khw;wg;gLk; NghJ> mlF itf;fg;gLk; NghJ) vOjg;gLk;. midj;J nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpYk;> Kd; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fkhapd;> gj;jpuj;jpd; Nkw;gFjpapy; mJ Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mjd; mbg;gilapy;> fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpdhy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba Fwpg;gpl;l tpz;zg;gg; gj;jpuj;jpd; gjpT Fwpj;j jfty;fis Fwpg;gpl;L> epHzapf;fg;gl;Ls;s Kj;jpiuia tpz;zg;gg; gj;jpuj;jpy; xl;b jkJ cWjpg; gj;jpuk; / Mtzj;ij rhd;wspj;j gpujpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. vdpDk;> fhzpapd; cupikahsH my;yJ rl;lj;juzp my;yJ nehj;jhup]; xUtNu ,e;j tpz;zg;g gj;jpuj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;L Nfhu KbAk;. ,J njhlHgpy; Nkyjpf tpguk; Njitahapd; khtl;l fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

5.2 cWjpg; gj;jpuq;fspy; kw;Wk; mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fspy; jtWfis jpUj;jpf; nfhs;tJ vt;thW? fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; LDO cq;fSila mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;ij thrpj;J ghHf;Fk; NghJ> fPo; fhzg;gLk; FiwghLfs; fhzg;gLkhapd; mtw;iw jpUj;j Ntz;Lk;. 1. ngaH gpioahf Fwpf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; 2. fhzp ,yf;fk; gpioahf Fwpf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; 3. vy;iy gpioahf Fwpf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; 4. fhzpapd; msT gpioahf Fwpf;fg;g;lbUj;jy; ,J njhlHgpy; Fbrd mjpfhup my;yJ fpuhk NrtfH mwpf;ifAld; gpuNjr nrayhsupid re;jpj;J> mtuplk; tpsf;fk; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;. NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l FiwghLfis gpuNjr nrayhsuhy; jpUj;j KbAk;. 34 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

6.fhzp cupik khw;wy; (tpw;wy;)> mlF itj;jy; jdpahH / ifAjpHj;jy; fhzp cupikahsupd; tpUg;gk; kw;Wk; Nfhupf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; nehj;jhup]; xUtuhy; ,jid Kd;ndLf;f KbAk;. fhzp cupik khw;wiy Fwpj;j khfhz cs;@uhl;rp epWtdk; mDkjpj;Js;s Mff; Fiwe;j vy;iyf;Fs; khj;jpuNk Kd;ndLf;f KbAk;. (rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk;> mDkjp gj;jpuk; vd;gtw;Wf;Fg; gjpyhf> rpyH gpioahd tpjj;jpy; nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; jahupf;fpd;wdH. ngUk;ghyhNdhH ,tw;iw jk;trk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;L gy;NtW mur fhupaq;fis epiwNtw;w tUthHfs;. mt;thW tUgtHfspd; Njitia mur mjpfhupfshy; epiwNtw;w KbahJ. mjdhy;> jhk; ngWk; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; njhlHgpy; Muha;e;J ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;). mt;thW murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpf;fhf toq;fg;gLk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; / ePz;l fhy Fj;jif gj;jpuk; toq;Fk; NghJ tpNrl eltbf;ifia gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;.

XOq;Fg;gLj;jp itj;jhy; rpwe;jJ jhNd? gy fhykhf fe;ijah Kjyhsp rpwg;ghf tpahghuk; nra;J tUfpd;whH. jw;NghJ tajhfptpl;likahy; tpahghuk; nra;tjid epWj;jp tpl;L Rje;jpukhf tho;e;J tUfpd;whH. mf;fhyj;jpy; Kjyhspapd; ngaUf;F murhq;fj;jpdhy; fpilj;j fhzpf;F> Kjyhsp fLk; rpukj;jpd; kj;jpapy; Fj;jif nrYj;jp cWjpg; gj;jpuk; ngw;whH. mJ ,d;W mtUf;F MWjy; mspf;fpd;wJ. jw;NghJ jkJ gps;isfSf;F ,ilapy; me;j fhzpia gfpHe;jspf;f mtH

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

tpUg;gk; nfhz;Ls;shH. vdNt fhzpf;F toq;f Ntz;ba Fj;jifia nrYj;Jtjw;Nf Kjyhsp gpuNjr nrayhsiu re;jpf;fr; nrd;whH. mg;NghJ jhd;> ePz;l fhy Fj;jif fhzpnahd;iw> rpW rpW gFjpfshf gpupj;J> ntt;NtW cWjpg; gj;jpuk; vOj KbahJ vd;gjid Kjyhsp mwpe;J nfhz;lhH. mJ mtuJ kdjpw;F ngUk; Ntjidahf khwpaikapdhy;> ,jid nra;tjw;F NtW topNaJk; cs;sjh vd mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F kPz;Lk; gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; nrd;whH. gpuNjr nrayhsH mspj;j gjpy; mtUf;F MWjy; jUtjhf ,Ue;jJ. fe;ijah Kjyhspf;F gpuNjr nrayhsH mwpTWj;jpaikf;F mika msitahsH xUtiu mioj;J te;J fhzpia ehd;F gFjpfshf gpupj;J> cWjpg; gj;jpuk; jahupf;f Ntz;ba tpjk; Fwpj;Jk;> tpsf;Fk; fbjj;Jld; Muk;g Fj;jif gj;jpuj;jpid murhq;fj;jplk; xg;gilj;J> tpiuthf ehd;F gps;isfSf;Fk; ntt;NtW fhzp cWjpg; gj;jpuq;fis jahupj;Jf; nfhLf;Fk; MHtj;Jld; murhq;fj;jpw;F gj;jpuk; ifaspf;fg;gLk; tpz;zg;gj;ij G+Hj;jp nra;J nfhLj;jhH. mf;fhyj;jpy; 40 NgHr;r]; vd;gJ ngupa ,lkpy;iy vd;w NghjpYk;> ,d;iwa epiyapy; jkJ gps;isfspy; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; toq;Fk; 10 NgHr;r]; md;iwa fhyj;ij tpl ngWkjpahdJ vd fe;ijah Kjyhsp epidj;jhH. filj; njhFjpf;F mUfpy; cs;sikahy;> rpwe;j njhopy; xd;iwAk; Muk;gpf;f KbAk; vd mtH epidj;jhH. mt;thW ehy;tUf;Fk; ntt;Ntwhd fhzp cWjpg; gj;jpuq;fs; cs;sikahy;> jdpj;jdpahf tq;fpf; fld; ngw;W jk;Kila tpahghuq;fis tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;s KbAk; vd fe;ijah KjyhspAld;> mf;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpahghuk; nra;J te;j ez;gH Nltpl; $wpapUe;jhH.

36 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

6.1 nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; (cWjpg; gj;jpuk;) toq;fy; (fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fy;) fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,e;j nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gLk;. me;j KO fhzpiaAk; my;yJ gFjpia NtnwhUtupd; ngaUf;F khw;Wjy; fPo;tUk; tifapy; Kd;ndLf;fg;glyhk;. fhzpnahd;iw gFjpfshf gpupj;J toq;Fk; vz;zk; ,Ug;gpd;> ,lj;jpd; Mff; Fiwe;j miug;gFjp vd;gjd; mbg;gilia ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L> mjw;F Vw;whw; Nghy; ngauspj;jiy gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; xg;gilf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjd; nghUl;L fpuhk NrtfH mwpf;if / Fbrd mjpfhup mwpf;if Njitg;gLk;. mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fspy; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuq;fspy; Fwpj;j fhzpfs; gpupf;fg;glf; $ba Mff; Fiwe;j msT vd;d vd;gJ Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. Kd;dH me;j msT miu Vf;fH my;yJ fhy; Vf;fH vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,d;iwa fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; ,lg;gw;whf;Fiw fhuzkhf 10 NgHr;r]; tiu gfpHe;jspf;f KbAk; vd NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l mjpfhupfs; jPHkhdpj;Js;sdH. ePz;l fhy Fj;jif gj;jpukhapd; ,uz;liu NgHr;r];fs; tiu gfpHe;jspf;f KbAk;. Nfhupf;if njhlHgpy; gpuNjr nrayhsH> fpuhk mjpfhup kw;Wk; Fbrd mjpfhupapd; gupe;Jiu Fwpj;J jpUg;jp mile;jhy;> rl;lj;juzp xUtupd; Clhf ngaH khw;wy; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; gpujpia jahupj;J rkHg;gpf;FkhW cupikahsupw;F mwptpg;ghH. Fwpj;j Mtzj;ij gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; rkHg;gpj;j gpd;dH> mjid Kiwahf jahupj;J rkHg;gpj;Js;s (nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s epge;jidfs; Mtzj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUg;gpd; kw;Wk; epHzapf;fg;gl;l Mff;Fiwe;j gFjpia epahakhf gpupf;fg;gl;l myFfSf;F nghUe;Jkhapd;) Mtzj;jpw;F mDkjp gj;jpuk; Clhf Fwpj;j rl;lj;juzpapd; ngaUf;F toq;FthH.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

I. gpuNjr nrayhsupd; me;j mDkjp gj;jpuj;Jld; nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; 3 gpujpfis jahupj;J khtl;l fhzp gjpthsUf;F rkHg;gpj;J gjpT nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. II. gjpT nra;ag;gLk; nehj;jhup]; gj;jpuk; toq;Fgtupd;> Kjy; gpujp - nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsH / ngaH khw;wp ngWgtuplKk;>,uz;lhtJ gpujp - gpuNjr nrayhsuplKk;> %d;whtJ gpujp - fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpYk; itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. gpd;nghU fhyj;jpy; kw;nwhU gpujp Njitahf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ> fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; cs;s ,e;j %d;whtJ gpujp ekf;F gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;. vdpDk;> mjd; nghUl;L nehj;jhup]; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; vOJk; nehj;jhup]; / rl;lj;juzpapd; ngaH> cWjpg; gj;jpu ,yf;fk; kw;Wk; gjpT nra;j jpdk; vd;gd NjitahFk;. vdNt> me;j jfty;fis epidtpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhFk;. fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gLk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; ,il gfpuy; myF kw;Wk; rupahd miug;gFjp vd ,uz;L fhuzq;fs; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; epge;jidfspy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;. mjidg; Gupe;J nfhs;tJ vkf;F gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,il gfpuy; myFfs; vd;gJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; Clhf toq;fg;gl;Ls;s fhzp gpupf;fg;glf; $ba gFjpfspd; vz;zpf;ifahFk;. cjhuzkhf> ,il gfpuy; myF 40 NgHr;r];fs; vdpd;> nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; xU Vf;fH vdpd;> ,il gfpuy; myF ¼ Vf;fuhf> mjhtJ 40 NgHr;r]hf ,Uf;Fk;. NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l cjhuzj;jpw;F mika xU Vf;fH epyj;jpd; Mff; Fiwe;j gfpuy; myF ¼ Vf;fH vdpd;> mJNt Mff; Fiwe;j miug;gFjpahFk;.

38 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

6.2 ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuk; ngaH khw;wy; ,jd; nghUl;L gpujhd ,uz;L epge;jidfis G+Hj;jp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 1. Fj;jiff;F toq;fg;gl;l Njitf;fhfNt fhzp gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. 2. vt;tpj jhkjKk; ,d;wp Fj;jif gzj;ij nrYj;jp> fhzpia jilapd;wp mDgtpj;jy;. I. NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l tplaq;fs; G+Hj;jp nra;ag;gl;bUg;gpd; rl;lj;juzp Clhf jahupf;fg;gl;l ngaH khw;wy; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;Jld; Fj;jifjhuupd; Nfhupf;if fpuhk NrtfH mjpfhup kw;Wk; Fbrd mjpfhupapd; gupe;JiuAld; Fwpj;j gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; rkHg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. II. ngaH khw;wy; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; tUlk; tiu Fj;jif toq;fg;gl;Ls;sikia cWjp nra;J rhd;wpjo; kw;Wk; gpuNjr nrayhsupd; gupe;Jiu khfhz fhzp MizahsH / gpujp fhzp MizahsH Clhf fhzp MizahsH ehafj;jpw;F rkHg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. III. fhzp Mizahsuplk; Fwpj;j Mtzq;fs; fpilj;jjd; gpd;dH> rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;s ngaH khw;w cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; Kjy; Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s epge;jidfs; midj;ijAk; cs;slf;fp jahupf;fg;gl;bUg;gpd;> vOj;J %ykhd mDkjp epHzapf;fg;gl;l eilKiwfspd; Clhf %d;W gpujpfshf gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; mDg;gg;gLk;. IV. gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; fhzp Mizahsupd; vOj;J %ykhd mDkjp rk;ge;jg;gl;l rl;lj;juzp / nehj;jhup]_f;F toq;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH> mtuhy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l rl;l%yj;jpd; gpufhuk; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; jahupf;fg;gl;L fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l gpujp> gpuNjr nrayhsuplKk;> Kjy; gpujp ngaH khw;wg;gl;ltuplKk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vdpDk;> ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; fhzpapd; xU gFjpia khj;jpuk; toq;f KbahJ. buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

6.3 Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid ngaH khw;wy; (murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gl;lJ) Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; vd;gJ murhq;fj;jpd; vJtpjkhd njhlHGk; ,y;yhJ midj;J cupikfSlDk;> ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l fhzpahFk;. mjd;gb> ,t;thwhd fhzpia ngaH khw;Wtjw;F murhq;fj;jpd; mDkjp Njit ,y;iy. vdpDk;> gFjpfshf;fp tpw;gid nra;tjhapd;> me;j gFjp Mff; Fiwe;j msthfpa> Fwpj;j khfhz cs;@uhl;rp epWtdj;jpd; mDkjpaspj;Js;s mstpid tpl Fiwe;jjhf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. nehj;jhup]; xUtupd; Kd;dpiyapy; ngaH khw;wy; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; ifnahg;gk; ,Ltjd; %yk;> ,t;thwhd fhzpia ngaH khw;Wtjw;fhd ,aYik cs;sJ.

6.4 murhq;fj;jpd; cWjpg; gj;jpuk; xd;iw tq;fp kw;Wk; epjp epWtdj;jpy; mlF itg;gjw;F nra;a Ntz;bait 6.4.1 nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; ([aG+kp> RtHz G+kp> uj;d G+kp> ,RU G+kp> ud;gpk)

rl;lj;jpd; mDkjpg; ngw;w tq;fp / epjp epWtdj;jplk; mlF cWjpg; gj;jpu rl;l%yk; jahupj;J> mjd; nghUl;L gpuNjr nrayhsH jUk; vOj;J %y mDkjpapd; mbg;gilapy; mlFg; gj;jpuk; xd;iw jahupj;J> gjpT nra;tjd; %yk; tq;fp / epjp epWtdj;jplk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid mlF itf;f KbAk;.

6.4.2 ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuk; Fwpj;j epjp epWtdj;jpdhy; mlF cWjpg; gj;jpuk; Mtzk; jahupf;fg;gl;L> mjid gpuNjr nrayhsH kw;Wk; khfhz fhzp MizahsH / gpujp fhzp MizahsH Clhf fhzp MizahsH ehafj;jpw;F rkHg;gpj;J vOj;J %yk; mDkjp ngw Ntz;Lk;. fhzp MizahsH ehafj;jpd; vOj;J %y mDkjpapd; mbg;gilapy; mlF cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid gjpT nra;a KbAk;. 40 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

6.4.3 Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid mlF itg;gjw;F murhq;fj;jpd; ve;jnthU mjpfhupapdJk; mDkjpiag; ngWtJ mtrpaky;y. epjp epWtdk; Clhf jahupf;fg;gl;l mlF cWjpg; gj;jpuk; Clhf rhjhuz rl;lj;jpd; %yk; mlF itf;f KbAk;.

6.5 fhzp nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; kw;Wk; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; ,uj;Jr; nra;jy; fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; gpujhd gj;jpuj;jpid toq;fpapUg;gpd;> mjid ,uj;Jr; nra;a KbahJ. vdpDk;> gpujhd gj;jpuj;jpd; cupikahsH jkJ tpUg;gj;Jld; fhzpia murhq;fj;jpw;F xg;gilg;gjd; %yk; ,uj;Jr; nra;a KbAk;. mt;thNw>gpujhd gj;jpuj;jpd; cupikahsH my;yJ mtuJ thuprpid Njb mwpa Kbahj NghJ> mt;thwhd re;jHg;gj;jpy; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpid ,uj;Jr; nra;tjw;F mjpfhuk; cs;sJ. mDkjpg; gj;jpukhapd; gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; ,uj;Jr; nra;a KbAk;. mJ fPo;tUk; fhuzq;fSf;fhf kl;Lk;: 1. fhzpapy; tjpahik 2. mgptpUj;jp nra;ahik 3. rl;lj;jpw;F jPq;F Vw;gLk; tifapy; gad;gLj;jy;. mt;thW ,uj;Jr; nra;tjhapd;> mjd; nghUl;L gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; epHzapf;fg;gl;l gj;jpuj;jpd; Clhf mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsUf;F mwptpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mjd; NghJ mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsUf;F mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid ,uj;Jr; nra;ahjpUg;gjw;fhd fhuzq;fis Kd; itg;gjw;fhd cupik cs;sJ. ,J njhlHgpy; cq;fSila tpNrl ftdk; Nghd;Nw> vr;rupf;ifAld; ,Ug;gJk; cq;fSila fhzpapd; cupikia ghJfhg;gjw;F cq;fSf;F cjTk;.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

mt;thNw> mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;Jld; $ba fhzpf;F> fhzpia ed;whf mgptpUj;jp nra;a KbAkhapd; khj;jpuNk nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F cupik fpilf;Fk;. ,J njhlHgpYk; ePq;fs; tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

6.6 murhq;fk; fhzpia jd;trkhf;fy; / ifg;gw;wy; murhq;fk; fhzpia ,lk;ngWk;.

jd;trkhf;fy;

,uz;L

tpjq;fspy;

1. murhq;fj;jpw;F nrhe;jkhd ,lnkhd;iw egnuhUtH rl;ltpNuhjkhf ifg;gw;wpapUg;gpd;> rl;ltpNuhjkhf Mf;fpukpj;jtiu tpul;b tpl;L> cupikia kPz;Lk; murhq;f fhzp tpLg;G kPz;Lk; vLj;jy; rl;lj;jpd; Vw;ghLfspd; fPo; murhq;fk; jkjhf;fpf; nfhs;Sk;. 2. murhq;fj;jpdhy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; mbg;gilapy; toq;fg;gl;l fhzpia kPz;Lk; murhq;fk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;. fhzp ifafg;gLj;jy; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,e;j eltbf;if Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. ,jd; fPo; eguhy; nra;ag;gl;l mgptpUj;jpf;fhf kw;Wk; fhzpf;fhf murhq;fj;jpw;F mtuhy; toq;fg;gl;l njhif vd;gd ,Ug;gpd;> mjd; nghUl;L fhzp ifafg;gLj;jy; epWtdj;jpd; Clhf el;l <L njhif toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW ,lj;ij ifafg;gLj;jYf;F gj;jpupif tpsk;guk;> tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jy; Clhf el;l <L kw;Wk; cupik guprPyid elj;jy; Nghd;w ePz;l fhy nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk;. 3. egHfs; trKs;s ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l fhzp mur Njitapd; mbg;gilapy; murhq;fj;jpdhy; ifafg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sYk;> fhzp ifafg;gLj;jy; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. ,jd; nghUl;L NkNy cs;s ge;jpapy; Fwpg;gpl;lthW fhzp ifafg;gLj;jy; rl;lj;jpd; Vw;ghLfSf;F mika Kd;ndLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

42 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

6.7 fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gLk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; kw;Wk; murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gLk; ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuk; vd;gtw;wpw;F ,ilapyhd NtWghL kw;Wk; gad;ghL fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lk;

murhq;f fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lk;

fhzp gfpHe;jspf;fg;gLk; tpjk;

fhzp fr;Nrup Kiwapd; fPo; kw;Wk; Njitaw;w fhzpfis rl;lj;jpw;Fs; nfhz;L tUtJ

fhzp toq;fg;gLk; Nehf;fk;

tjptjw;F kw;Wk; gapHnra;iff;F

ahUf;fhf toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ

tptrhapfSf;F> Fiwe;j tUkhdk; ngWgtHfSf;F>fw;w ,isQHfSf;F> kw;Wk; mjpf tUkhdk; ngWgtHfSf;F> ,yq;if gpui[fSf;F

fhzp toq;ff; $ba gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; msT

efuq;fspy; tHj;jf fhzpfis ,e;j rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;f KbahJ. ngUkstpyhd ,lj;jpid kf;fSf;F toq;f KbahJ

fhzp fr;Nrup Kiw> fhzp tpw;gid Nfs;tp mwptpj;jy; kw;Wk; Njitaw;w epahakhdjhf;fy; vd;gtw;Wf;fhf nfsut mikr;rupd; mDkjp ve;jnthU Nehf;fj;jpw;fhfTk; gapHnra;iff;F> tjptjw;F> tHj;jf> njhopy; eltbf;iff;F> kj> nghJ> tpisahl;L kw;Wk; tpNrl nray;jpl;lq;fSf;F egHfs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fSf;F> murhq;f CopaHfSf;F> kj;jpa tFg;gpdUf;F> mjpf tUkhdk; ngWgtHfSf;F> rkpj;jp rq;fq;fSf;F> murpayikg;Gr; rig> cs;@uhl;rp rig Nghd;w ve;jnthU egUf;Fk;> epWtdj;jpw;Fk; ,yq;if gpui[fs; my;yhjtHfSf;Fk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk; ve;;jg; gFjpapy; cs;s ,lj;ijAk; ,e;j rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;f KbAk; toq;Fk; mstpy; fl;Lg;ghL ,y;iy.

tplak;

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

toq;fg;gLk; Mtzk; / cWjpg; gj;jpuk;

NtW tpNrl mk;rq;fs;

Kjypy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid toq;fp> mjpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s epge;jidfis epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dH> ,uz;lhtjhf nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; (ifAjpHj;jy; cWjpg; gj;jpuk;) toq;fg;gLk;.

Kjypy; Fj;jif Mtzk; (mDkjp) toq;fp> gpd;dH ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gLk;. jq;Fkplj; Njitf;F toq;fg;gl;l fhzpf;fhf khj;jpuk; Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; (ifAjpHj;jy; cWjpg; gj;jpuk;) toq;fg;gLk;. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; gpuNjr nrayhsH [dhjpgjp ifnahg;gkpLthH ifnaOj;jpLthH. epge;jidfs; kPwg;gLk; ,J [dhjpgjp kw;Wk; mbg;gilapy; Fj;jifjhuH Mfpa mDkjpg; ,uz;L jug;gpdUf;F gj;jpuj;jpid ,uj;Jr; ,ilapyhd nra;a KbAk; cld;gbf;ifahFk;. Fj;jif mwtply; tUlhe;j Fj;jif ,lk;ngwhJ njhifia nrYj;j ,ytrkhf Ntz;Lk;. toq;fg;gLk; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; tiuglk; toq;fg;gLk; re;jHg;gj;jpy; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. fhzpf;fhf vy;iy fhzp gjpT nra;jy; fy; itj;J cWjpg; mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT gj;jpuj;jpw;F tiuglk; nra;ag;gLk;.

,izf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; [dhjpgjpNa ifnaOj;jpLthH. nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;ij jkJ tpUg;gj;jpd; Ngupy; murhq;fj;jplk; xg;gilf;f KbAk;. ,uj;Jr; nra;tjw;F nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsupd; tpUg;gk; mtrpakhFk;.

44 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

cld;gbf;ifia xU jug;G khj;jpuk; ,uj;Jr; nra;a KbahJ.

ngaH khw;wk; Gupa KbAk; vd;w NghjpYk;> rl;l %yj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s kl;Lg;ghLfSf;F Vw;g Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk;. %d;whtJ Jiz gpuptpd; fPo; cwtpdUf;F my;yJ tptrha nray;jpl;lj;jpd; xUtUf;F Gwk;ghf xUtUf;F toq;f KbahJ. mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l epjp epWtdq;fspy; mlF itf;f KbAk;. kuzj;jpd; gpd;dH kidtpf;F fhzp cupik fpilf;Fk;. mLj;j thupR ahH vd;gjid ngaupl KbAk;. mLj;j thuprpd; ngaiu Fwpg;gplhjgl;rj;jpy; %j;j kfDf;F cupik nry;Yk;. gpujpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. fhzp gjpT nra;jy; mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT nra;a KbAk;.

ngaH khw;wNth> mlF itf;fNth KbAk; fhzpapd; xU gFjpia ngaH khw;w KbahJ efy; gpujp ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. mLj;j thuprpid Fwpg;gpLtjw;F cWjpahd kWrPuikg;G ,y;iy ePz;l fhy cWjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; vd;gtw;Wldhd fhzpfSf;F ehl;bd; rhjhuz rl;lk; gad;gLk;.

NkNy $wg;gl;l tpsf;fj;jpw;F mika mjpf tUkhdk; ngWgtHfSf;F / kj;jpa tFg;gpdUf;F murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpf;fhf ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. mjd; nghUl;L murhq;fj;jpw;F Fj;jif njhifia nrYj;j NeupbDk;>murhq;fj;jpd; fhzp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid ngWtNj gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;. jq;Fkpl eltbf;iffSf;fhf mjidg; ngw;wpUe;jhy;> Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpidg; ngWtjw;F cq;fSf;F cupik cs;sJ.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

7.tho;f;if cupik tho;f;if cupik vdg;gLtJ> fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gLk; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; cupikahsH capupoe;j gpd;dH> me;j fhzpf;fhd cupikj;Jtk; ngWjyhFk;. ,q;F cupikahsH fztuhapd;>tho;f;if cupik kidtpf;Fr; nry;Yk;. fhzpapd; cupikahsH kidtpahapd;> tho;f;if cupik fztUf;Fr; nry;Yk;. mLj;j thuprpd; ngaH Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhYk;> Fwpg;gplg;glh tpl;lhYk;> tho;f;if cupikf;F vJtpjkhd ,ilA+Wk; ,y;iy. mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s re;jHg;gj;jpy;> mjd; cupikahsH ,we;j gpd;dH tho;f;if cupikahsupd; ngaupy; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;ij ntspapl KbAkhapDk;> tho;f;if cupikahsuhd mtUf;F> my;yJ mtUf;Fg; gpd;duhd mLj;j thuprpid ngaupLtNjh> jkf;F tpUg;gkhdtUf;F ngaH khw;Wtjw;fhd cupik ,y;iy. ,lj;ij tpw;gid nra;tJ> gFjpfshf;FtJ my;yJ gpupg;gJ jtpu NtW ve;j tifapYk; cupikia mDgtpf;fyhk;. fhzpia mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd cupikAk; mtUf;F cs;sJ.

7.1 fhzp njhlHgpy; $wg;gLk; trjpAupik vd;gjd; mHj;jk; vd;d? trjpAupik vdg;gLtJ fhzp njhlHgpy; kw;WnkhU egUf;F mDgtpg;gjw;F ,Uf;ff; $ba xU cupikahFk;. cjhuzkhf> tPjp trjpAupik vdg;gLtJ tPjpia gad;gLj;jp te;jpUg;ghuhapd;> mjidj; njhlHe;Jk; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd cupikahFk;.

46 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

7.2 Kjy; cupik kw;Wk; mLj;j cupikfs; fl;lis vdg;gLtJ vd;d? fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ntspaplg;gLk; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; (RtHz G+kp> [a G+kp> ,uj;d G+kp> ,RU G+kp kw;Wk; ud;gpk) vd;gtw;WlDk;> fhzp gpujhd (tpNrl Vw;ghLfs;) rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gLk; epahjd rhjd gj;jpuk; njhlHgpYk; ,e;j tplak; rk;ge;jg;gl;ljhFk;. nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; / mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; cupikahsH Kjy; cupikahsH vd;w tifapy; mjpfhuk; nfhz;bUg;ghH. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpw;fhf mLj;j thuprpid ngaupl KbAk;. Kjy; mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsH my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsH capupoe;jjd; gpd;dH mLj;j thuprhf ngauplg;gl;Ls;stHfSf;F KO cupikAk; toq;fg;gLk;. ,q;F mDkjpg; gj;jpu ngaH> mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsupd; ngaH jpUj;jk; nra;tjw;F my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; ngaiu gpuNjr nrayhsH Clhf fhzp gjpthsuplk; mDg;gp KOik nra;Ak; gbtj;jpd; Clhf mLj;j cupikahsuplk; KO cupikAk; xg;gilf;fg;gLk;.

jtW ahUilaJ Re;juk; fle;j rpy ehl;fshf fLk; Nahridapy; Mo;e;Js;shH. tPl;by; cs;stHfSld; mjpfk; fijg;gjpy;iy. NtiyfSk; nra;tjpy;iy. Kd;dH ve;NeuKk; RWRWg;gha; Ntiy nra;J te;j Re;juk;> ,d;W tPl;by; cs;s rpW Ntiyiaf; $lr; nra;tjpy;iy. jkf;F cs;s gpur;rpidia tha; jpwe;J tPl;by; cs;stHfsplk; nrhy;Yk; ijupaKk; Re;juj;jplk; ,y;iy.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

Re;juj;jpd; tPl;by; cs;stHfs;> mjhtJ Re;juj;jpd; mk;kh> mg;gh> mz;zh> mf;fh vd fpuhkj;jpy; xw;WikAld; tho;e;j FLk;gk;. Re;juj;jpd; mz;zh murhq;f Ntiy ngw;W NtW fpuhkj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W rpy tUlq;fshfpd;wd. mtH mq;NfNa epue;ju gjptpidg; ngw;Ws;shH. mf;fhTk; jpUkzk; Gupe;J NtW tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;Wtpl;lhH. ,g;NghJ ,e;j tPl;by; Re;juKk;> mtuJ mk;khTk;> mg;ghTNk vQ;rpAs;sdH. FLk;gj;jpd; filf;Fl;b vd;gjhy; ngw;NwhUld; tPl;bNyNa jq;fp tpl;l Re;juk; ,Jtiu kfpo;r;rpahfNt ,Ue;jhH. ,e;j epiyapy; tPjp tpgj;njhd;wpy; Re;juj;jpd; mg;gh kuzkile;jhH. mjidj; njhlHe;Jk; mk;khTk; RftPdkile;jhH. mg;ghtpd; kuzj;jpd; gpd;dH xU tUlj;jpy; nra;a Ntz;ba rlq;FfSf;F tPl;ilj; jpUj;jp mikf;f epidj;j Re;juk;> tPl;bd; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;ij mlF itj;J fld; ngWtjw;F jpl;lkpl;lhH. ,jd; nghUl;L fhzp cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid ngaH khw;Wtjw;F nrd;w NtisapNyNa ,e;j gpur;rpid cUntLj;jJ. mjpfhupfs; $Wk; tifapy; jw;NghJ mk;khtpw;F fhzpapd; cupik ,y;iy. mk;khtpw;F ,Ug;gJ mDgtpg;gjw;fhd cupik khj;jpuNk. fhzpapd; cupikia Re;juj;jpd; ngaUf;F vOJtjw;F mk;kh tpUk;gpdhYk;> rl;lj;jpy; mjw;fhd re;jHg;gk; ,y;iy. ,jdhy;> ntF njhiytpy; cs;s jkJ mz;zdplk; Re;juk; njhiyNgrpapy; fijj;jhH. ,jd;NghJ mz;zh tPl;by; ,y;yhikahy;> njhiyNgrpapy; fijj;j mz;zdpd; kidtp> jkf;F vJtpjkhd epyGyd;fSk; ,d;ikahy;> me;j fhzpia ek;gpNa ,Ug;gjhf njuptpj;Js;shH. jkf;Fg; gpd;dH ,e;j fhzp Re;juj;jpw;F nrhe;jkhFk; vd> mtuJ ngw;NwhH vg;NghJk; 48 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

$wp te;jdH. ngw;Nwhiu jdpj;J tpl;Lr; nry;y KbahJ vd;w fhuzj;jpw;fhfNt> Re;juk; kfhtyp fhzp toq;fg;gl;l re;jHg;gj;jpYk;> vJtpj tpz;zg;gKk; nra;ahJ ,q;NfNa ,Ue;jhH. mJ khj;jpukpd;wp ,e;j fhzp jkf;F cupj;jhFk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapNyNa fld; ngw;W fhzpapy; njq;Fr; nra;ifapy; <Lgl;lhH. Mdhy;> Re;juj;jpw;F jUtjw;F ngw;NwhH tpUk;gpa fhzp jw;NghJ mtuJ mz;zDf;Fj; Njitahf cs;sJ. mg;gh capUld; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ ,e;j fhzpapd; cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;F gpd;dH mLj;j thuprpid ngaupLtjw;F re;jHg;gk; ,Ue;Js;sJ. ,y;iynadpd;> ,Wjp capypyhtJ ,e;j fhzpia Re;juj;jpd; ngaupy; vOjp itj;jpUf;fyhk;. Mdhy;> me;j fpuhkj;jpy; ,e;j rl;l rpf;fy;fs; Fwpj;j njspT kf;fsplk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. jw;NghJ Re;juk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; cs;shH. fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; cq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy;> cq;fSf;Fg; gpd;dH fhzpapd; cupik cq;fSf;F mLj;jjhf ahUf;Fr; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;gjid jpfjp> Neuk; vd;gtw;iw Fwpg;gpl;L njspthf vOjp itf;f KbAk;. mt;thW mLj;j cupikahsH my;yJ cupikahsHfspd; ngaiu vOjp itg;gJ cq;fSila flikahFk;. Re;juj;jpd; je;ij mjidr; nra;jpUe;jhy;> ,d;W Re;juk; ,e;j rpf;fiy vjpHnfhz;bUf;f khl;lhH. ,J njhlHgpy; kf;fSf;F tpopg;GzHT Vw;gLj;JtJ murhq;f mjpfhupfspd; flikahFk;.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

7.3 mLj;j cupikahsH vdg;gLgtHfs; ahH? fhzpapd; mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsH / nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsupd; tpUg;gj;jpd; Ngupy; mtUf;Fg; gpd;dH me;j fhzpapd; gFjpf;F fpilf;Fk; cupik mLj;j cupik vdg;gLfpd;wJ. mDkjpg; gj;jpu cupikahsH my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsUf;F jkf;Fg; gpd;dH fhzp ahUf;F nrhe;jkhf Ntz;Lk; vd;gjid jpfjp> Neuj;Jld; ngaupLtjw;F fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpy; trjpfs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jd; mbg;gilapy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;F> gpuNjr nrayfj;jpw;F Kd;itf;fg;gLk; tpz;zg;gj;jpw;F mika mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; mLj;j cupikahsupid ngaupl my;yJ ngaH khw;w KbAk;. ,jd; nghUl;L Fbrd mjpfhup / fpuhk Nrtfupd; gupe;Jiu ngwg;gLk;. fhzpapd; msT kw;Wk; mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; epge;jidfSf;F mika mLj;j cupikahsH my;yJ cupikahsHfs; gyupid ngaupl KbAk;. mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpy; mjd; mYtyfg; gpujp kw;Wk; gjpNtl;L Mtzk; Mfpa %d;wpYk; mLj;j cupikahsupd; ngaH Fwpg;gplg;gl;L> mjpfhupapdhy; ifnahg;gkplg;gl;L> jpfjp Fwpf;fg;gl;L> mur Kj;jpiu ,lg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. xOq;Ffspd; mbg;gilapy; mJ eilngWtJ Fwpj;J mtjhdkhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J Fwpj;J mjpfhupfsplk; Nfl;lwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F cq;fSf;F cupik cs;sJ. cq;fSila nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpy; mLj;j cupikahsupd; ngaiu Fwpg;gply; kw;Wk; khw;wy; fhzp Mizahsupd; 155MtJ khjpupapd; Clhf Kd;ndLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. me;j khjpupg; gbtj;ij g+Hj;jp nra;J rkhjhd ePjthd; Clhf cWjp nra;ag;gl;L> gpuNjr nrayhsH Clhf fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpw;F mDg;gp gjpT nra;J nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. mLj;j cupikahsiu ngauply; my;yJ jpUj;jk; nra;jy; fhzp gjpthsH mYtyfj;jpy;> mDkjpg; gj;jpu / nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsH kuzpg;gjw;F Kd;dH gjpT nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iynadpd;> rl;luPjpahdjhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl 50 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

khl;lhJ. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; fhzp cupik cs;s vkJ KjpatHfSf;F mjd; mLj;j cupikahsupd; (,uz;lhtJ cupik) ngaiu Fwpg;gpl KbahJ NghFk;. ,t;thNw NtW cWjpg; gj;jpu tiffspd; Clhf fhzpfSf;F ,Uf;ff; $ba cupikfis ,Wjp capy; gj;jpuk; Clhf khw;wp toq;f KbAk;. fhzp cupikahsH ,Wjp capy; gj;jpuk; gytw;iw vOj KbAk;. vdpDk;> ,Wjpahf vOjg;gl;lNj Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,q;F Mtzj;ij fhzp cupikahsupd; kuzj;jpd; gpd;dH> 3 khjq;fshtjw;F Kd;dH ePjpkd;wj;jpy; rkHg;gpj;J mq;fPfhuk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW mq;fPfhuk; mspf;fg;gl;ljhf ntspaplg;gLk; Mtzk; capy; nka;g;gpj;jy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; vd mwpag;gLk;. ePjpkd;w gjpthsupd; fbjk; kw;Wk; ,e;j mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;jpid cq;fSila rl;lj;juzpapdhy; fhzp gjpthsUf;F rkHg;gpj;J gjpT nra;J nfhs;s KbAk;. • mLj;j cupikahsH / cupikahsHfis jPHkhdpj;jyhdJ> mDkjpg; gj;jpu / nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsHfshy; vj;jid KiwAk; Kd;ndLf;fg;glyhk;. • mDkjpg; gj;jpu / nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsupd; tho;f;if Jiz (fztd; my;yJ kidtp) my;yJ ,uj;j cwtpdHfisNa mLj;j cupikahsuhf ngaupl KbAk;. (fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; %d;whtJ ml;ltizapd;mbg;gilapy; ,e;j ,uj;j cwTfs; ahtH vd;gJ fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jw;F ntspapy; cs;s vtiuAk; mLj;j cupikahsuhf ngaupl KbahJ.

7.4 %d;whtJ ml;ltizapd; gpufhuk; cwtpdHfs;* 1. kfd; 5. je;ij 9. khkh 12. kUkfs;

2. kfs; 6. jha; 10.khkp

3. Ngud; 7. rNfhjud; 11. kUkfd;

4. Ngj;jp 8. rNfhjup

*(fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; 51MtJ kw;Wk; 72MtJ cWg;Giuapd; %d;whtJ ml;ltizapy; fhzp nraw;ghLfs; njhFg;gpy; 35MtJ gf;fk;) buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

ve;jnthU mDkjp gj;jpu my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsUk;> jkJ gj;jpuq;fSf;F mLj;j cupikahsiu ngauplhJ kuzkilAk; gl;rj;jpy;> mtuJ tho;f;if Jizf;F (fztd; / kidtp) me;j fhzpapd; tho;f;if cupik fpilf;Fk;. fhzpr; nraw;ghLfspy; tho;f;ifj; Jiz vdg;gLgtHfs; cupikahsupd; fztd; my;yJ kidtpahFk;. ve;jnthU fhzpf;Fk; cupikahsupd; kiwtpd; gpd;dH mLj;j cupikahsH vd;w mjpfhuk; tho;f;ifj; Jizapd; kuzj;jpd; gpd;dNu fpilf;Fk;. ,jd; mbg;gilapy; mtuJ tho;f;ifapd; ,Wjp tiu fhzpia mDgtpg;gjw;fhd cupik fpilf;Fk;. Mdhy;> Fwpj;j tho;f;if Jiz NtW kzk; nra;J nfhz;lhy; me;j cupik nry;Ygbaw;wjhfp tpLk;. tho;f;ifj; Jizapd; kuzj;jpd; gpd;dH me;j fhzpapd; cupik> ,e;j Mtzj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l xOq;fpy; %j;jtHfSf;F khj;jpuk; cupj;jhFk;. mjhtJ> mLj;j cupikahsH ngauplg;gltpy;iynadpd;> fhzp vt;tsT ngupajhf ,Ue;jhYk;> xUtUf;F khj;jpuNk cupik fpl;Lk;. kfd; ,y;yhjgl;rj;jpy; khj;jpuNk kfSf;F cupik fpl;Lk;. kfd;> kfs; vtUk; ,y;yhjgl;rj;jpy;> gl;baypy; jug;gl;Ls;s xOq;fpy; NguHfSf;F cupik fpl;Lk;. NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l FOf;fSf;F cl;gl;l cwtpdHfs; ,y;yhjgl;rj;jpy; je;ij> jha; Mfpa xOq;fpy; Fwpg;gpl;ltHfSf;F KO cupikAk; fpl;Lk;. Mdhy;> %d;whtJ ml;ltizf;F mika %j;j Mz; gps;isf;F khj;jpuNk cupik fpilg;gjd; Clhf jw;NghJ gy r%fg; gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;j ml;ltizapd; mbg;gilapy; kfSf;F ,uz;lhtJ ,lNk fpilf;fpd;wJ. mjhtJ> kfd; ,y;yhj gl;rj;jpy; khj;jpuNk kfSf;F Kjy; cupik fpilf;fpd;wJ. mt;thNw> filrpg; gps;is fhzp mgptpUj;jp nra;J nfhz;L trpj;J te;jhYk;> %d;whtJ ml;ltizapd; mjpfhukspj;jypd; Clhf> jkJ %j;j mz;zhTf;F fhzp cupj;jhtjhy;> mq;fpUe;J ntspNaw Ntz;ba epHg;ge;jk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. 52 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

,e;j rkepiy ,d;ik fhuzkhf %d;whtJ ml;ltizapy; jpUj;jk; nfhz;L tUtjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. mDkjpg; gj;jpu / nfhLg;gdT gj;jpu cupikahsH capUld; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ mLj;j cupikahsH my;yJ cupikahsHfis ngaupLtjdhy; ,e;j rpf;fyhd epiyikia jzpf;f KbAk;. ehk; ,e;j Gj;jfj;jpd; gy ,lq;fspy; fl;lis> mLj;j cupik> Kjy; cupik> tho;f;if cupik Nghd;w gjq;fis $wpAs;Nshk;. ,e;j tplaq;fs; njhlHgpy; rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; cq;fSf;F fl;lhak; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba Njit Vw;gLk;. mt;thwhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; fpuhk NrtfH my;yJ gpuNjr nrayhsiu re;jpg;gJ kpfTk; cfe;jJ.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

8.fhzp msj;jy;

fhzpia msj;jy; eltbf;if tpNrl gapw;rp ngw;w egHfshy; (msitahsHfs;) Kd;ndLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. fhzpnahd;iw msf;Fk; NghJ ,uz;L tplaq;fs; njhlHgpy; ftdk; nrYj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 1. fhzpia mse;J vy;iyf; fy; ,ly; 2. Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l msj;jy; nraw;ghl;il tiuglkhf;fy; (Plan) fhzp msg;gtHfs; %d;W tifg;gLtH: • murhq;f msitahsHfs; (msitahsH ehafj;jpd; fPo;) • fr;Nrup msitahsHfs; • mq;fPfhuk; ngw;w msitahsHfs; (jdpahH msitahsHfs;) 54 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

8.1 murhq;f msitahsHfs; murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpfis> msitahsH ehafj;jpd; fPo; cs;s ,e;j murhq;f msitahsHfs; khj;jpuNk msf;f KbAk;. fhzp msj;jypd; KOikahd mjpfhuk; nfhz;ltH msitahsH ehafk;. kpfTk; gioikahd epWtdkhd msitahsH jpizf;fsk; Mq;fpNyaHfspd; Ml;rp Kjy; (1871) ,yq;ifapy; msj;jy; eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;L> epy tiuglq;fis jahupj;J tUfpd;wJ. fhzp rk;ge;jg;gl;l nraw;ghLfspy; ,e;j tiuglq;fs; kpfTk; gaDs;sit. msitahsH jahupj;j tiuglq;fSf;Fs;: • ,Wjp fpuhk tiuglk; / khjpup FVP (Final Village Plan) • ,Wjp efu tiuglk; / khjpup - FTP (Final Town Plan) • ,Wjp Fbrd tiuglk; / khjpup- FCP (Final Colony Plan) ehl;bd; gy;NtW mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghLfspy; ,e;j tiuglq;fs; kpfTk; gaDs;sit. msitahsH ehafj;jpd; khtl;l jiytuhf khtl;l msitahsH mj;jpal;rfH ,Uf;fpd;whH.

8.2 fr;Nrup msitahsHfs; vy;iyg; gpur;rpid / vy;iyia kPz;Lk; epHzapj;jy; / ePjpkd;w cj;jutpd; Ngupy; msj;jy; / vy;iy jpl;lkply; Nghd;w eltbf;iffis ,tHfs; Kd;ndLg;gH. vy;iyf; fy; ,ly; my;yJ gzk; ngw;W msj;jy; my;yJ ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l fhzpia msj;jy; vd;gtw;wpid Kd;ndLg;gjw;F mtHfSf;F rl;luPjpahd mjpfhuk; ,y;iy.

8.3 mjpfhuk; ngw;w msitahsHfs; jdpg;gl;l msj;jy; nraw;ghLfs; ,tHfshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l / jdpahH fhzp njhlHgpy; msj;jy; ,tHfshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. ,tHfs; msitahsH ehafj;jpd; mDkjpiag; ngw;W fl;lzk; mwtpl;L mur fhzpfis msf;f

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

KbAk;. vdpDk;> me;j msj;jy; nraw;ghLfis khtl;l msj;jy; mj;jpal;rHfs; fz;fhzpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJld;> fl;lzk; epHzapf;fg;gl;L> Fwpg;gpl;l rjtPjk; murhq;fj;jpw;F nrYj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thNw jahupf;fg;gl;l msj;jy; tiuG mj;jpal;rfuhy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

8.4 murhq;fj;jpd; fhzpia msj;jy; nraw;ghL ,e;j nraw;ghLfspy; Kjypy; gpuNjr nrayhsupdhy; msj;jy; cj;juT khtl;l msitahsH mj;jpal;rfUf;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mjd; gpd;dH mtuJ Nkw;ghHitapd; fPo; msit mjpfhupfspdhy; msj;jy; nraw;ghL Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. mjidj; njhlHe;J msj;jy; mj;jpal;rfH mYtyfj;jpy; tiuglk; jahupj;J %d;W gpujpfshf gpuNjr nrayf mYtyj;jpw;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gLk;. ,e;j gpujpfspy; xd;W khfhz fhzp MizahsH nghWg;gpYk;> kw;iwaJ gpuNjr nrayhsH nghWg;gpYk;> kw;iwaJ fpuhk NrtfH nghWg;gpYk; ,Uf;Fk;. Kjy; gpujp msitahsH mj;jpal;rfH nghWg;gpy; ,Uf;Fk;.

efUk; vy;iyf; fy; kPdhl;rp kw;Wk; Re;jupapd; tPLfs; mUfUfpy; mike;Js;sd. ePz;l fhykhf maypy; trpj;J te;j NghjpYk;> ,U FLk;gj;jpdUf;F ,ilapYk; rpNefk; ,y;iy. kPdhl;rp tPl;by; ,lk;ngWk; jpUkz epfo;TfSf;F khj;jpuky;y> mz;ikapy; ,lk;ngw;w kuztPl;bw;Fk; Re;jup nry;ytpy;iy. mtHfSf;F ,ilapyhd cwT kpfTk; me;epakhdjhf ,Ue;jJ. ,Wjpapy;> fpuhkj;jpd; kuz epthuz rq;fj;jplkpUe;J jg;gpg;gjw;fhf kahdj;jpw;F khj;jpuk; nrd;W te;jhH.

56 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

,e;j ,U FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk; ,ilapy; ePbf;Fk; giff;F> ,U tPl;L fhzpfspdJk; vy;iyg; gpur;rpidNa Muk;gk; vd;gjid fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s midtUk; mwptH. ,UtUk; neUq;fpa cwtpdHfshf ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> ,e;j cwT Kiwia kwe;J vy;iy Kuz;ghl;by; <Lgl;Ls;sdH. ngupatHfs; kj;jpapy; ,e;j Kuz;ghL fhzg;gl;lhYk;> ngupatHfs; tPl;by; ,y;yhj re;jHg;gj;jpy; rpWtHfs; xd;whf ,ize;J tpisahLthHfs;. Re;jupapd; fztH uhirah> kPdhl;rpapd; FLk;gj;jpdH rpy ehl;fs; jy ahj;jpiu nrd;wpUe;j re;jHg;gj;jpy;> ,UtUf;Fk; ,ilapyhd fhzpia mse;J> Vw;fdNt ,Ue;j vy;iyf; fw;fis mfw;wp tpl;lhH. mjw;F rpy ehl;fspd; gpd;dH Gjpjhf gpupf;fg;gl;l jkJ vy;iyf;Fs; ,Ue;j Ntg;gkuj;ij gwpf;fr; nrd;wNghJ ,U FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd Nkhjy; Muk;gpj;jJ. Vw;fdNt ,Ue;j vy;iyf; fw;fSf;F mika ,e;j Ntg;gkuk; kPdhl;rpapd; fhzpf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdjhFk;. Mdhy;> vy;iyf; fw;fs; mfw;wg;gl;bUe;jikapdhy;> Gjpjhf te;j fpuhk NrtfuhYk; Ntg;g kuk; ahUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdJ vd;gjid $w ,aytpy;iy. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt> fpuhk NrtfH gpuNjr nrayhsuplk; $wp> mjd; %yk; fhzp msj;jiy kPz;Lk; Kd;ndLg;gjw;F> msitahsH New;W fhzpf;Fr; nrd;Ws;sdH. msitahsH fhzpia Gjpjhf mse;J> uhirahtpdhy; fw;fs; mfw;wg;gl;l mNj ,lj;jpy; Gjpa vy;iy fw;fis ,l;lhH. mjid Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjidj; jtpu uhirahTf;F NtW topapy;iy.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

Mdhy;>msitahsH fhzpia mse;J vy;iyf; fw;fis ,Lk; NghJ me;j jftiy midj;J Mtzq;fspYk; Fwpg;gjhfTk;> mJ msitahsH jpizf;fsj;jpy; gj;jpukhf itf;fg;gLk; vdTk;> kPz;Lk; fhzp msf;fg;gLk; NghJ me;j Gj;jfj;ij jUtpj;J> mjdbg;gilapy; kPz;Lk; msj;jy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; vd;gjid uhirah mwpe;J itj;jpUe;jhy;> vy;iyf; fw;fis mfw;Wk; jtwhd nraiy mtH Kd;ndLj;jpUf;fkhl;lhH.

8.5 cq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd msj;jy; tiugl tif 1. jlkwpjy; (Tracing) ,J msitahsH mjpfhup my;yJ jFjpAila NtW mjpfhupfspdhy; jahupf;fg;gLk; tiuglkhFk;. mj;Jld;> ,J jw;fhypfkhf jahupf;fg;gLk; tiuglkhFk;. 58 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

2. msj;jy; tiuglk; (Survey Plan) xU fhzp my;yJ gy fhzpfSf;fhf jahupf;fg;gLk; tiuglkhFk;. ,t;thwhd tiuglj;jpid fl;lhakhf msitahsH ehafj;jpw;fhf msitahsH mjpfhupapdhy; cWjp nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thNw> msj;jy; eltbf;ifia Kd;ndLj;j msitahsH> vy;iyfisg; gpupj;jtHfs; kw;Wk; Nkw;ghHitapl;ltHfs;> msj;jy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l tUlk; kw;Wk; jpfjp vd;gtw;iw ,q;F Fwpg;gply; Ntz;Lk;. fl;lzk; nrYj;jp ,t;thwhd tiugl gpujpia khtl;l msitahsH mjpfhup mYtyfj;jpy; xUtuhy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. tiuglj;Jld; Fbj;jd gl;bay; (Tenement List) fl;lhakhf jahupf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. Fbj;jd gl;baypy; xt;nthU fhzp gpupT myfpw;Fk; mika mjd; msT vy;iy kw;Wk; cupik Nghd;wd tpsf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. 3. tpsf;fg;glq;fs; (Diagrams) ,jpy; gy tif cz;L. msitahsH ehafj;jpdhy; msf;fg;gLk; fhzpfSf;Fs;> tpNrl fhzpg; gpuptpid fhl;Ltjw;F tpsf;fg;glq;fs; jahupf;fg;gLk;. mtw;wpd; tiffs; gpd;tUkhW: I. nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpw;fhf tiuag;gLk; tpsf;fg;glk; II. L tpsf;fg;glk; (Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpw;fhf jahupf;fg;gLk;) III. O tpsf;fg;glk; (Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpw;fhf jahupf;fg;gLk;)

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

8.6 gy;NtW mstpyhd ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; msTfs;* ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fs; tif

msT

rpwpa MW kw;Wk; mUtp> ePNuhil – mbj;jsj;jpy; ,Ue;J 15 mbf;Fk; FiwT

fiuapypUe;J epyg;gFjpf;F 66 mb. ,J ,Ugf;fKk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

kj;jpa mstpyhd ejp kw;Wk; mUtp> ePNuhil mbj;jsj;jpy; ,Ue;J 15-50 mbf;F ,ilg;gl;l

fiuapypUe;J epyg;gFjpf;F 133 mb. ,J ,U gf;fKk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

gpujhd MW 50 mbf;Fk; mjpfk

fiuapypUe;J epyj;jpw;F 198 mb. ,J ,U gf;fKk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

ePHg;ghrdk;: I. mbj;jsk; 10mb my;yJ fiuapypUe;J 50 mbahf mjw;F mjpfk; II. mbj;jsk; 10-15 ,ilg;gl;lJ fiuapypUe;J 28 mbahf III. mbj;jsk; 5 mbf;F FiwT fiuapypUe;J 10 mbahf

Fsf;fl;L

Fsf;fl;bd; cauj;ijg; Nghy 15 klq;F

Fsf;fiu

Nky; kl;lj;jpy; Fsk; epiwe;jTld; fl;Lg;ghl;L mstpypUe;J 100 mbf;F mg;ghy; Fsf;fiu kw;Wk; mjd; ghJfhg;G ,lq;fs;.

Mw;W mUtp ePNuhilfspy; ePHNjf;fk;

ePHNjf;fj;Jld; KO gpuNjrk;

eP&w;W

mikr;rupdhy; tHj;jkhdpapy; mwptpf;fg;gl;l vy;iy msT

tPjp I. A tif tPjp II. B tif tPjp

tPjpapd; eLg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J ,U gf;fKk; 33 mbfs; (Ntyp my;yJ kjpy; mikg;gjw;Nf ,e;j epge;jid)> fl;llkhapd; 50 mbfs;.

III. C tif tPjp iV. D tif tPjp

tPjpapd; eLg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J ,U gf;fKk; 20 mbfs;

V. E tif tPjp

tPjpapd; eLg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J ,U gf;fKk; 15 mbfs;

10. flw;fiu

caH ePH kl;lj;jpypUe;J> Fiwe;j ePH kl;lk; tiuahd vy;iy caH ePH kl;lj;jpypUe;J Fiwe;j ePHkl;lk; tiu epyg;gFjpia Nehf;fp 300 kPw;wHfs;

*fhzp cj;juT 11 (fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; 50MtJ Vw;ghl;bw;F mika) fhzpr; nraw;ghL> gf;fk; 173. 60 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

9.fhzpg; gpur;rpid

fhzpg; gpur;rpidia gpd;tUk; tifapy; tifg;gLj;j KbAk;. 1. ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l fhzpfspy; gpur;rpid 2. murhq;fj;jpdhy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; / nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gl;l my;yJ rl;ltpNuhj fhzpfspy; gpur;rpid I. khtl;l ePjpkd;wj;jpy; tof;F jhf;fy; nra;ag;gl;lhy; khj;jpuNk ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l fhzpfspy; gpur;rpidfis jPHf;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,J njhlHgpy; rl;lj;juzp xUtiu re;jpj;J MNyhrid ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ rpwe;jJ. II. murhq;fj;jpdhy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; my;yJ nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd; Clhf toq;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; rpf;fy; Vw;gbd;> fpuhk NrtfH my;yJ Fbrd mjpfhupapd; Clhf gpuNjr nrayhsUf;F fbjk; %yk; rkHg;gpf;f KbAk;. mjd;

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

gpd;dH gpuNjr nrahyfj;jpy; my;yJ ];jhd gupNrhjid elj;jp rl;lj;jpw;F Vw;g jPHkhdk; vLj;J rk;ge;jg;gl;l jug;gpdUf;F mwptpg;gH. rl;ltpNuhj fhzp njhlHgpy; gpur;rpid Vw;gbd;> gpuNjr nrayhsUf;F jFjpahd rl;l eltbf;iffis gpd;gw;wp jPHT ngw KbAk;. Mdhy;> ve;j fhzpahf ,Ug;gpDk; msf;fg;gl;L vy;iyf; fw;fs; ,lg;gl;bUg;gpd;> jPHg;gJ ,yFthFk;. fhzp gpur;rpid cs;s re;jHg;gq;fspy; rk;ge;jg;g;ll mjpfhupaplk; (gpuNjr nrayhsH / fpuhk NrtfH / Fbrd mjpfhup / JiwrhH MNyhrfH) MNyhridg; ngwhJ> %d;whk; jug;gpduplk; MNyhrid ngWtjd; %yk; gpur;rpid NkYk; mjpfupj;J> nkd;NkYk; rpf;fy; epiwe;jjhf khWk;. Mdhy; fhzp gpur;rpid Vw;gLtjid jtpHg;gjw;F ,yFthd Kiwnahd;W cs;sJ. mJjhd;> fhzpia mgptpUj;jp nra;J Kiwahf guhkupj;J tUjyhFk;. mLj;j cupikahsupd; ngaiu Fwpj;jYk; FLk;gq;fSf;F ,ilapyhd rpf;fy; Vw;glhJ jtpHg;gjw;fhd topahf mikAk;.

9.1 fhzp njhlHgpy; fhzg;gLk; Jupj nraw;ghL kw;Wk; gy;NtW ePjpkd;wq;fs; 9.1.1 ePjpthd; ePjpkd;wk;

62 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

fhzpg; gpur;rpid fhuzkhf rkhjhdj;jpw;F gq;fk; Vw;gLk; vd;gJ cWjpahFk; re;jHg;gj;jpy;> me;j rk;gtj;ij nghyp]hH ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F Mw;Wg;gLj;JtH. ,t;thwhd gpur;rpidfs; nghJthf ePjthd; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;Nf Mw;Wg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,q;F kpfTk; gpugykhd trdk; xd;W cs;sJ. mJjhd; 66MtJ cWg;Giuapd; fPo; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F Mw;Wg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gjhFk;. mjhtJ ePjpthd; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Vw;ghLfs; rl;l%yj;jpd; 66MtJ cWg;GiuahFk;. mjpy;> fhzpg; gpur;rpidapd; fhuzkhf rkhjhdj;jpw;F gq;fk; Vw;gLk; vdj; Njhd;Wkhapd;> nghyp]hH B mwpf;ifapd; Clhf ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F tplaj;ij rkHg;gpg;gH vd;gjhFk;. ,jd; %yk;> fle;j 60 ehl;fSf;Fs; fhzpapd; cupikj;Jtj;ij mDgtpj;jtHfs; vd cWjp nra;ag;gl;ltHfsplk; fhzpia xg;gilg;gjw;F VjhtJ cupik ,Ug;gpd;> ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; me;j jPHkhdk; vLf;fg;gLtjhf ePjpkd;wj;jhy; Vida jug;Gf;F my;yJ jug;gpdUf;F Mizaplg;gLk;. ,t;thwhd Kiwg;ghl;il jdpegHfSk; ePjthd; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; rkHg;gpf;f KbAk;. ,it fhzpg; gpur;rpid njhlHghd jPHthf ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy;> fhzpapd; cupik ahUf;F cupj;jhdJ vd jPHkhdpf;fhJ vd;gjid ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. vdpDk;> ,e;j ePjpkd;w jPHg;gpid khw;w Ntz;Lkhapd;> ,jid tpl caH mjpfhuk; nfhz;l ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPHg;gpid ngw Ntz;Lk;.

9.1.2 khtl;l ePjpkd;wk; murhq;fj;jpdhy; egnuhtUf;F toq;fg;gl;l fhzpg; gFjpahf ,Uf;fyhk; (gpujhd gj;jpuj;jpd; ePz;l fhy Fj;jif cWjpg; gj;jpuj;jpd; Rje;jpu nfhLg;gdT gj;jpuj;jpd;> epahjd rhjdg; gj;jpuj;jpd;)> ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l ,lkhf ,Uf;fyhk;> cupik njhlHgpy; my;yJ NtW tplaq;fs; njhlHgpy; rpf;fy; ,Ug;gpd;> mJ Fwpj;J rptpy; ePjpkd;wkhd khtl;l ePjpkd;wj;jpNyNa tof;F jhf;fy; nra;a KbAk;.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

9.1.3 khfhz Nkd;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk;/ Nkd;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wk; NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l khtl;l ePjpkd;wj;jpy; jug;gLk; jPHg;G khfhz rigapdhy; Kfhik nra;ag;gLk; ,lj;Jld; rk;ge;jg;gLkhapd;> mJ njhlHgpy; ,e;j ePjpkd;wj;jpw;Nf Nkd;KiwaPL nra;a KbAk;. ,jw;F mg;ghy; murhq;f mjpfhupfs; rl;lj;jpw;F vjpuhf eltbf;if vLg;gjdhy;> newpjtwy; Vw;gLkhapd; my;yJ mt;thW Vw;gLk; vd Njhd;Wkhapd; ,e;j ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Clhf rl;l Mizg; ngw;W epthuzk; ngw KbAk;.

9.1.4 caH ePjpkd;wk; NkNy $wg;gl;l ePjpkd;wq;fspd; Clhf toq;fg;gl;l jPHg;Gf;fs; njhlHgpy; jpUg;jp milahjtHfSf;F Njitf;F Vw;w tifapy; Nkd;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F my;yJ caHePjpkd;wj;jpw;F Nkd;KiwaPl;bid rkHg;gpf;f KbAk;.

tof;F vd;gJ fhy tpuakh? rk;gt fw;if 5 kPdhl;rpAk;> uq;fDk; mz;zDk;> jq;ifAkhtH. ,UtUk; ngw;NwhUld; xNu tPl;by; trpj;J te;jdH. ,tHfspd; je;ijapd; ngaH nguparhkp. nguparhkp me;j fhyj;jpy; ifg;gw;wpa ,uz;L Vf;fH fhzp ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j fhzpf;F mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; ,y;yhj NghJk;> jkJ gps;isfs; ,UtUf;Fk; gpupj;Jf; nfhLj;jhH. gpd;nghU fhyj;jpy;> kPdhl;rpAk;> uq;fDk; ,e;j ,uz;L fhzpfSf;Fk; jdpj;jdpahd mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fisg; ngw;wdH. kPdhl;rp jkJ fhzpapy; tPnlhd;iwAk; fl;b trpf;f Muk;gpj;jhH. Mdhy;> mtuJ mz;zd; mq;F trpf;ftpy;iy. vdpDk;> rpy fhyj;jpy; uq;fd; NtW Cupy; trpf;f Muk;gpj;jikapdhy;> mtuJ ,lj;ij Kjyhsp xUtUf;F tpw;whH. mNjNtis> Coy; epiwe;j mjpfhupapd; cjtpAld; jq;ifapd; ,lj;jpw;Fk; NrHj;J KOikahd fhzpf;Fk; ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l cWjpg; gj;jpuk; xd;iw jahupg;gjw;F Kjyhspf;F cjtp nra;jhH. rpy ehl;fs; jkJ fztuJ ngw;Nwhupd;

64 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

tPl;by; trpg;gjw;fhf kPdhl;rp nrd;wpUe;j NghNj> mz;zdpd; ,lj;ij nfhs;tdT nra;j Kjyhsp> kPdhl;rpapd; fhzpf;Fk; NrHj;J cupik nfhz;lhl Muk;gpj;jhH. mg;NghJjhd;> uq;fd; jkJ fhzpiaAk; NrHj;J Kjyhspf;F tpw;Ws;sJld;> mjw;fhd ifAjpHf;fg;gl;l fhzp cWjpg; gj;jpuk; jahupf;fTk; cjtpGupe;Js;sikia mwpe;J nfhz;lhH. ,jdhy; jkf;F Vw;gl;l mePjpf;F epahak; Nfhup gpuNjr nrayhsH> khfhz fhzp MizahsH kw;Wk; fhzp MizahsH ehafk; MfpNahUf;F fbjk; %yk; kw;Wk; Neupy; nrd;W re;jpj;J jkJ gpur;rpidia njuptpj;jhH. ,Wjpapy; [dhjpgjp nrayfk; tiuAk; nrd;whH. Mdhy; jw;NghJ> jtwhd Kiwapy; jhk; ngw;w fhzpapypUe;J kPdhl;rpia ntspNaw;Wtjw;F> Fwpj;j Kjyhsp ePjpkd;w cj;juitg; ngw;Ws;shH. jkf;F Vw;gl;l ,e;j mePjp njhlHgpy; tof;F jhf;fy; nra;j NghjpYk;> jkf;F vjpuhf jPHg;G fpilj;jikapdhy;> kPz;Lk; Nkd;KiwaPL nra;tjw;F kPdhl;rp vjpHghHj;Js;shH.

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

9.1.5 fhzp njhlHgpy; rpf;fy; Vw;gLk; NghJ kw;Wk; MNyhrid Njitahd NghJ njhlHG nfhs;s Ntz;ba mjpfhupfs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fs; gpuNjr nrayfk; fpuhk NrtfH Jiw MNyhrfH / Fbrd mjpfhup / fhzp mjpfhup ypfpjH gpuNjr nrayhsH kw;Wk; cjtp gpuNjr nrayhsH khfhz fhzp MizahsH mYtyfk; / gpujp fhzp MizahsH mYtyfk; khfhz fhzp MizahsH / gpujp fhzp MizahsH cjtp fhzp MizahsH fhzp mjpfhupfs; fr;Nrup msitahsHfs; fhzp MizahsH ehafk; jpizf;fsk; fhzp MizahsH ehafk; fhzp MizahsH mgptUj;jp / fhzp gpujp fhzp MizahsHfs; cjtp fhzp MizahsHfs; msitahsH jpizf;fsk; msitahsH ehafk; gpujp msitahsH ehafk; khtl;l msitahsH mj;jpal;rfH cjtp msitahsH mj;jpal;rfH msitahsHfs; kjpg;gPl;Lj; jpizf;fsk; gpujhd kjpg;gPl;lhsH kjpg;gPl;lhsH gjpthsH ehafk; jpizf;fsk; gjpthsH ehafk; 66 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

Nkyjpf gjpthsH ehafk; Nkyjpf khtl;l gjpthsH cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fs; khefu Kjy;tH / jiytH efu MizahsH / nrayhsH njhopy; mjpfhup fhzp ifahsy; nfhs;if jahupj;jy; jpizf;fsk; gzpg;ghsH khtl;l fhzp ifahsy; mjpfhup cupikj; jPHT nra;jy; jpizf;fsk; cupikj; jPHT nra;jy; MizahsH ehafk; cupikj; jPHT nra;jy; MizahsH cjtp cupikj; jPHT nra;jy; MizahsH fhzp kw;Wk; fhzp mgptpUj;jp mikr;R nrayhsH Nkyjpf nrayhsHfs; gzpg;ghsHfs; [dhjpgjp nrayfk; [dhjpgjp nrayhsH Nkyjpf nrayhsH cjtp nrayhsH fhzp kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FO rig jiytH gzpg;ghsHfs; khtl;l gzpg;ghsHfs; ,yq;if kfhtyp mjpfhu rig gzpg;ghsH ehafk; jq;Fkpl nray;jpl;l KfhikahsHfs; tya KfhikahsHfs; gpupT KfhikahsHfs; buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

9.1.6 khfhz fhzp MizahsH mYtyf njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fs; khfhzk;

MizahsH

mYtyfk; njhiyNgrp

njhiyefy

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gpujp fhzp MizahsH (ud;gpk)

0112797403

fhzp MizahsH (mgptpUj;jp)

0112797400

,izaj;jsk; - www.landcommdept.gov.lk

68 |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

,izg;Gf;fs;

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

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fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

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fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

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fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

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fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh |

fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk; buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy;> =yq;fh Coiy xopj;jy; vd;w gpujhd ,yf;if Nehf;fpr; nraw;gLk; rHtNjr epWtdkhd buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; epWtdj;jpd; ,yq;if Kftuhf> buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh epWtdk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. cynfq;Fk; E}w;Wf;Fk; mjpfkhd fpisfis nfhz;L ,aq;Fk;> buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; vd;w ,e;j epWtd tiyaikg;G ntspg;gilj; jd;ik> nghWg;Gilik kw;Wk; ey;yhl;rp nfhs;iffis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf mHg;gzpg;Gld; cs;sJ. buhd;];Ngud;]p ,d;lHnerdy; =yq;fh epWtdk; 2002Mk; Mz;L Kjy; ,yq;ifia rpwe;j ehlhf khw;Wtjw;F> RahjPdkhf nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. epHthfk; njhlHghd kf;fspd; Gupe;JzHit mjpfupg;gJk;> mtHfspd; gq;Fgw;wiy tYT+l;Ltjw;fhd gapw;rp> ,aYik mgptpUj;jp Nghd;w mwptpd; Clhf rpwe;j kl;lj;jpy; caHju Nritfis Vw;gLj;JtJk;> CoYf;F vjpuhf nraw;gLtjd; Clhf rpwe;j ehl;il cUthf;FtJk; vkJ ,yf;fhFk;.

Delegation of the European Union to Sri Lanka and the Maldives 26, Sir Marcus Fernando Mawatha, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka Tel: (94 11) 2674413/4 Fax: (94 11) 2678860 Email: delegation-sri-lanka@eeas.europa.eu Web: www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/sri_lanka Transparency International Sri Lanka 6, 37th Lane, Queen’s Road, Colombo 3 Phone: 011 4369781 - 3 Fax: 011 2506419 Email: tisl@tisrilanka.org Web: www.tisrilanka.org

ISBN: 978-955-1281-53-3

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fhzpfis mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;