Friday Sermon 16th May 2014

Page 1

wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 1

Friday Sermon (16 May 2014): Delivered by Hadhrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad (aba) Head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community

 wrefawmfjrwf()tm;taMumif;jyKvsufrSwpfyg; ]awmif[D;'f}&JU twdrf teufudk em;vnfod&SdEdkifrSmr[kwfovdk udk,fawmfhtm; taMumif;rjyKbJ ESifh usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef&JUtodynmudkvnf;&&SEd dkifrSmr[kwfygbl;/ 'gaMumifh ]vmtDvm[m tdvfvv’m[f}ESifhtwl ]rdk[r®'G&f &plvGv’m[f} qdkwJh taMumif;t&mukdvnf; em;vnfzdkY vdktyfygw,f/

 ]awmif[D;'f}qdkwm bmvJ? ]awmif[D;'f}&JUtwdrfteufu b,fvdk&SdovJ? vlwpfOD;tzdkY b,fvdk vdkufemusifhoHk;jcif;jzifh ppfrSefwJh ]awmif[D;'f}udk ,HkMunfvufcHoltjzpfac:qdkcHxdkufrvJ pwmawGeJYpyfvsOf;vdkY rqD[f armftl;'f()ocif&JU a&;om;csufrsm;/

 ]awmif[D;'f}NyD;jynhfpHka&;twGuf tjcm;aom axmufwdkifwpfck&Sdao;\/ ,if;rSm ]rkd[mbwftDvm[D} (tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfukdcspfjcif;)jzpfonf/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefrS oGefoifcsufrsm;\ t"duusaom &nf&G,fcsufESifh vdk&if;tESpfcsKyfrSmvnf; þonfomvQifjzpf\/ tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf ]0g[f'[l vm&S&D;uf}(wpfyg;wnf;wnfawmfrlNyD; wkzufEdIif;,SOf&mr&Sd) jzpf ouJhodkY cspfjcif;tm;jzifhvnf; t&SifjrwfudkomvQif ]0g[f'[l vm&S&D;uf} tjzpf pGJNrJpGm,HkMunf&rnf/ yGifhay:cJhorQaom wrefawmftm;vHk;\ oGefoifcsuft"dutvdkoabmrSmvnf; þonfomvQifjzpf\/ yrmtm; jzifh wpfzufwGif ]vmtDvm[mtdvfvv’m[f}uJhodkY awmif[D;'fudk oGefoif NyD; wpfqufwnf;rSmyif ]awmif[D;'f}udk t<uif;rJh cspfjrwfEdk;&efvnf; oGefoifcJhMu\/ þonf tvGefcspfcifESpfoufzG,faumif;NyD; tvGef t"dyÜm,f&Sdaom 0gusjzpfí ,if;ESifhtvm;wl pmom;rsdK; ]awmif&wf}ESifh ]tif*sDvf}wdkYwGif awGYEdkifrnfr[kwfacs/ (rqD[farmftl;'f)

 *semZm (psmyeqkawmif;)- qD;&D;,m;rS twGuf *semZmCmtdAf/

Abdul Karim Abbas Sahib


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 2

w&Sm[G'f? wtm0dkZfESifh pl&m[f zmwD[mwdkYudk zwf&GwfNyD;aemuf ... [mZ&wfrqD[farmftl;'f()ocif[m wrefawmfjrwf()udk cspfjcif;ü rdrdukd,fudk arhaysmufypfcJhwmaMumifh usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefudkem;vnfcGifh& cJhw,f? usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefrS trdefYawGudkem;vnfcJhw,f? tv’m[ft&Sif jrwf&JU ]awmif[D;'f}oabmw&m;udk em;vnfcJhw,fqdkwm NyD;cJhwJh cGwåbmrSm wifjycJhygw,f/ wu,fawmh wrefawmfjrwfudt k aMumif;jyKvsufrSwpfyg; ]awmif[D;'f} &JUtwdrfteufudk em;vnfEdkifrSmr[kwfovdk udk,fawmfjrwfudk taMumif; rjyKbJESifh usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef&JU todynmudkvnf; &&SdEdkifrSm r[kwfygbl;/ 'gaMumifh ]vmtDvm[m tdvfvv’m[f} ESifhtwl ]rdk[r®'G&f &plvGv’m[f} qdw k t Jh aMumif;t&mukdvnf;em;vnfzv dkY ydk gw,f/ ]rdk[r®'&f plvGv’m[f} () omvQif ]vmtDvm[mtdvfvv’m[f}udak zmfusL;&mrSm tppftrSef vufawGYuswJh pHerlemwpf&yfjzpfygw,f/ rnfodkYqdkap ,aeY ]awmif[D;'f}eJYywfoufvdkY rqD[farmftl;'f()ocif&JU a&;om;csufrsm;rS tcsdKUudw k ifjyyghr,f/ 'Da&;om;csufawGxJrSm rSefuefwJh ]awmif[D;'f}qdkwmubmvJ? ]awmif[D;'f}&JUtwdrfteufu b,fvdk&SdovJ? b,fvdk vdkufemusifhoHk;jcif;tm;jzifh vlom;[m ppfrSefwJh ]awmif[D;'f}udk ,HkMunfvufcHoltjzpfac:qdkcHxdkufrvJ tp&SdwmawGudk awGY&ygvdrfhr,f/ pl&m[f ]em;pf}udk tus,f&Sif;vif;zGifhqdkvsuf (vlom;wdkY\ udk;uG,f&mt&Sif/ 114;4)qdkwJhtm,wf&JU ta&;ygyHkudk rD;armif;xdk;jy&if; ocifBuD; rdefYMum;awmfrlonfrSm]uREfkyf ajymjyvdkonfrSm- þpl&m[fü tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf OD;pGmyxr (vlom;wdkYtm; zefqif;arG;jrLawmfrlaomt&Sif)[k rdeafY wmfrl \? xdkYaemuf

(vlom;wd\ kY bk&if)[kazmfjyNyD; aemufqHk;wGif


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 3

vlom;twGuf trSefwu,f &nf&G,farQmfvifhcsufjzpfaom (vlom;wd\ kY udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)udk azmfjyxm;ayonf/ qdkonfrSm- udk;uG,f&mt&Sifocif? &nf&G,fcsuEf Sifh yef;wdkifjzpf\/ (qdkvdkwmu- rGwfpvifwpfOD;? tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf wpfyg;wnf;tay: ouf0if,HkMunfolwpfOD;tzdkY t&SifjrwfudkomvQif vuf0,f&&SdzdkY BudK;pm;&r,f? t&SifjrwfomvQif uRefawmfwt dkY a&mufoGm;&r,fh yef;wdkif jzpfw,f? 'ghtjyif xdkt&mudkomvQif uRefawmfwdkY t&,lzdkY &SmBuHaewm jzpf&r,f/) þodkYjzifh ]vmtDvm[m tdvfvv’m[f}\t"dyÜm,frSmvnf;- ]vm rmtfAl;'gvD? 0vm ruúql;'gvD? 0vmrwåvl;bmvD - tdvfvv’m[f} [lí jzpfvmayonf/ (qdkvdkwmu- t&SifjrwfrSwpfyg; &nfarQmfcsufxm;p&m tjcm;r&Sd? t&SifjrwfrSwpfyg;rnfonfht&mrQ yef;wdkifr[kwf? xdkYjyif rnfonfht&mrQ udk;uG,fjcif; cHxdkuf&mr[kwfacs/) ocifBuD; rdefYMum;awmfr\ l / ]þonfomvQif ppfrSefaom ]awmif[D;'f}jzpfNyD; tvHk;pHkaom csD;rGrf;jcif; taygif;twGuf trSefwu,f xdkufwefoltjzpf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudk omvQif odrSwf&ayrnf/ tvHk;pHkaom vdktyfcsuf[lorQudk ay;oem;awmfrlonfht&Sif? xdkYjyif a&m*gb,[lorQtwGuf ajzaq;onf xdkonfh wpfyg;wnf; wpfql wnf;jzpfawmfrlaom t&SifjrwfomvQif jzpf&ayrnf/ odkYrSomvQif ]awmif[D;'f}NyD;jynfhpHkayvdrfhrnf/ ]vmtDvm[m tdvfvv’m[f}\ t"dyÜm,frSmvnf; þonfomvQif jzpf\/


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 4

]qlzD}(tbdÓOf0g'D)wkdYu qdkonfhpum;vHk;udk tcspfawmf? &nfarQmf&m yef;wdkif? udk;uG,f&mt&Sifocif [lí zGifhqdkMuayonf/ þzGifhqdkcsufonf rSefay\/ vlom;onfh tjynhft0 tcdkiftrm &yfwnfjcif;rjyKao;oa&GU olYxHü tpövmrfudkcspfjcif;ESifh tpövmrf\*kPfa&mifonf ay:vGifxif&Sm;Edkif rnf r[kwfacs/} (]vmtDvm[mtdvfvv’m[f}qdkwJhpum;&yfay:rSm tjynhft0 tcdkiftrm &yfwnfawmhrSomvQif vlom;xHrSm tpövmrfudkcspfjcif;eJY tpövmrfh *kPfa&mifawG[m xif&Sm;vmygvdrfhr,f/ 'DvdkrSr[kwf&ifawmh EIwfajymoufoufyJ &Sdygvdrfhr,f/) wpfzef tpövmrfomoem&JU tvGefjrifhrm;í NyD;jynhfpHkwJh oGefoifcsuf taMumif;udk ocifBuD;u tckvdk rdefYMum;awmfrlygw,f/ ]þonf tpövmrfrSwpfqifh rGwfpvifwdkY&&Sdaeaom bk&m;ocifxHrS aumif;csD;jzpf\/ þaus;Zl;awmfudk wrefawmfjrwf()u ,laqmifvm awmfrlc\ Jh / rnfonfh ½Iaxmifhuyif Munhfonfjzpfap rGwfpvifwkdYtzdkY vGefpGm *kPf,0l if<h um;p&mjzpf\/ rGwpf vifw\ kdY bk&m;ocifonf ausmufwkH;ausmufcJ? opfyif? owå0g? Mu,fwm&m odrkY [kwf vlao wpfa,mufr[kwfacs/ xdkt&Sifjrwfonfum; tvdk&&Sd mudk wwfpGrf;Edkif awmfrlNyD; xdkt&Sifonf rdk;aumif;uif? urÇmajrESifh xdkESpfcMk um;wGif &SdorQt&mtm;vHk;\ zefqif;&Sijf zpfawmfr\ l / xkdYjyif t&Sifjrwfonf tpOfxm0& &Sifvsuf&SdawmfrlNyD;? tNrJxm0& wnfwaHh wmfrlonfht&Sif jzpfawmfr\ l / xdkYjyif rGwfpvifw\ kdY wrefawmfrSm xdkonfh r[mwrefawmfjrwf() jzpfNyD; udk,fawmf\ ]eAl0gwf}ESifh ]&Dpmvwf}(wrefawmfbGJY*kPf)onf ]au,mrwf}wdkifatmifjzefYusufvsuf&\ Sd / udk,fawmf\ wrefawmfbGJY


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 5

*kPo f nf taor[kw/f ,if;\toD;tyGifhrsm;? aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;onf acwfumvwdkif;ü opfvGifvef;qef;pGm jzpfxGef;vsuf&SdNyD; ,if;wdo kY nf udk,fawmf\ rSefuefrIudk acwfumvwdkif;ü oufaocHvsuf&Sdayonf/ þokdYjzifh ,cktcgwGifvnf; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf xdkonfh oufao rsm;? aumif;csD;r*Fvmawmfrsm;udk qufvufpD;qif;apayonf/ rqD[f armftl;'fudk apvTwfawmfrlvsuf rdk[r®'focif()\ eAl0gwfudk ,aeY vnf;yJ oufaoxlawmfrlc\ Jh / xdkYjyif udk,fawmfjrwf\zdwfac:rIonf urÇmavmuwpfckvHk;twGuf jzpfayonf/ usrf;awmfjrwfuk&ftmefwGif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf rdefYawmfrl onfrSm-

]toifajymMum;ygav? td-k vlom;taygif;wdkY? uREkfyfonf toifwkdY tm;vHk;twGuf tv’m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfrS wrefawmftjzpf cefYtyf apvTwfjcif; cH&oljzpf\/} (7;159) wpfzef rdefYMum;awmfrlonfrSm]igwdkYonf toifhtm; urÇmavmutaygif;twGuf u½kPmawmftjzpf om apvTwfawmfrljcif;jzpf\/} (21;108) (xdkwrefawmftm;) ay;tyfjcif;cH&onfh usrf;pmtkyfrSmvnf; vHk;0OóHk NyD;jynfhpHkonfhusrf;? tvGefxif&Sm;jywfom;í tcdkiftrm,HkMunftyfaom? vHk;0 oHo,yGm;zG,fr&Sdaom usrf;jzpf\/

(,if;ü rnfodkY

aom oHo,yGm;zG,f&mrQr&Sd/ 2;3)? (,if;ü wnfNrJí wnfwHhatmifxm;&Sdrnfh oGefoifcsuf rsm;&S\ d / 98;4)


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 6

(a&S;,cifusrf;pmtkyfawGuawmh ,aeY yHkjyif'@m&Dtjzpfavmufom usecf Jhygw,f/ tNrJwrf;wnfaer,fh trSefw&m;udk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefü om awGY&ygvdrfhr,f/) (cdkifrmjywfom;aom rku©ygXfawmf/ 3;8)? (wdusjywfom;pGm pD&ifqHk;jzwfaom EIwfuygXfawmf/ 86;14)? (w&m;aomcsdefcGif/ 42;18)?

(tapmifhtMuyf/5;49) jzpfawmfr\ l /}

odkYjzpfay&m tbufbufrS NyD;jynhfpHkaom omoemrSm rGwfpvifw\ dkY omoemjzpfonf/ ,if;twGu-f (þaeYwGif igt&Sifjrwfonf toifwkdYtzdkY toifw\ dkY omoemudk NyD;jynhfpHkapawmfrlNyD? xkdYjyif igt&Sifjrwfonf toifwkdYtay: ig\ ]aeYtfrwf}aumif;csD;qkvmbfawmfudk pHkvifapawmfrlNyD? xkdYjyif igt&Sif jrwfonf tpövmrfudk toifwkdYtzdkY omoemawmftjzpf ESpfoufvufcH awmfrlcJhNyD/ 5;4) [lí wHqdyfcwfESdyfNyD;jzpfayonf/} qufvufí ocifBuD; rdefYMum;onfrSm]odkYjzpfygrl rGwfpvifwdkYtwGuf tb,frQ 0rf;enf;pdwfysufzG,yf genf;/ tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\auseyfESpfoufrIu&dk &Sad prnfh þuJhodkY NyD;jynfhpHkaom omoemESifh taMumif;cHwdkY&Sdygvsuf tcGifhta&;rS qHk;½HI;vsuf&MSd u\/ þomoemawmf\ aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;ESifh toD;tyGirfh sm;rS a0pkk&,l jcif;r&SMd uacs/ xkdrQru þaumif;csD;r*Fvmawmfrsm;udk wnfwHhap&ef tvdkYiSm tv’m[ft&SifjrwfbufrS toif;awmfwpfckudk wnfaxmifvdkuf onfhtcgwGifvnf; trsm;pkrSm qefYusifbufwGif &yfcJhMu\/ xdkYjyif (toifonf apvTwfjcif;cH&olr[kw)f ? (toifonf ,HkMunfolr[kwf)[lí qlylatmf[pfcJhMu\/}


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 7

(wrefawmfjrwf&JU ]eAl0gwf}aumif;csD;r*FvmudktaMumif;jyKvsuf rqD[f armftl;'f yGifhay:vmjyefawmhvnf; olwq dkY efYusifcJhMuw,f/ toif[m tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfbufu apvTwfjcif;cH&olr[kwfbl;? toif[m ]rdkYtfrifef}(,HkMunfol)r[kwfbl;qdkNyD; qlylatmf[pfcJhMuygw,f/) ocifBuD; rdefYMum;awmfrlwmu]rSwfom;xm;Muukef? tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ ]awmif[D;'f}udk0efcHjcif;ESifh twl&Sd&rnfh tjcm;tpdwftydkif;tm;vHk;ESifh ]tmhtrf mavqGmav[m} (aumif;jrwfaomtusifhoDv)wdkYudk jznfhqnf;jcif;jzifh &&SdEdkiaf om aumif;csD;r*Fvmudk a<u;aMumf0efcHrIoufoufjzifhum; qGJiif&,lEdkifrnf r[kwaf cs/} (trSefwu,ftm;jzifh wrefawmfjrwf()udkcspfjcif;ü&Sdvsuf udk,fawmf jrwf&JUaumif;jrwfaom pHerlemawGuMdk unh½f Ivsuf vdkufemusifhoHk;&if; ]tmhtfrmavqGmav[m}udk wnfaqmufawmhrSomvQif ]awmif[D;'f}&JU aumif;csD;r*Fvmudk&&SdEdkifrSm jzpfygw,f/) ocifBuD; rdefYMum;awmfr\ l / ]þonf rSefaompum;jzpf\/ ]awmif[D;'f}onf tvGefjrifhrm;aom tpdwftydkif;wpf&yfjzpfNyD; ,if;udk ppfrSefonfh rGwfpvifwpfOD;ESifh bk&m; ociftm; ½dkaoudkif;½dIif;oltm;vHk;xHwGif &Sdtyfayonf/ okdY&mwGif ]awmif[D;'f}NyD;jynhfpHka&;twGuf tjcm;aom axmufwdkifwpfck&Sdao;\/ ,if;rSm ]rkd[mbwftDvm[D} (tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfuckd spfjcif;)jzpfonf/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefrS oGefoifcsufrsm;\ t"duusaom &nf&G,fcsufESifh vdk&if;tESpfcsKyfrSm þonfomvQifjzpf\/ tv’m[ft&Sijf rwfonf ]0g[f'[l vm&S&D;uf}(wpfyg;wnf;wnfawmfrlNyD; wkzufEdIif;,SOf&mr&Sd) jzpfouJhodkY cspfjcif;tm;jzifhvnf; t&SifjrwfudkomvQif ]0g[f'[l vm&S&D;uf}tjzpf pGJNrJpGm,HkMunf&rnf/ xdkYjyif yGifhay:cJhorQaom


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 8

wrefawmftm;vHk;\ oGefoifcsut f "dutvdkoabmrSmvnf; þodkYom vQif &Sdc\ Jh / yrmtm;jzifh wpfzufwGif ]vmtDvm[m tdvfvv’m[f}uJhodkY awmif[D;'fuo dk GefoifNy;D wpfqufwnf;rSmyif ]awmif[D;'f}udk t<uif;rJh cspfjrwfEdk;&efvnf;oGefoifcJhMu\/ yrmtm;jzifh ,ck uREkfyaf jymouJhodkY yif þonfrSm tvGecf spfcifESpfoufp&maumif;NyD; tvGef t"dyÜm,f&Sd aom 0gusjzpfí þonfESifhtvm;wl pmom;rsdK; ]awmif&wf}ESifh ]tif*sDvf}wdkYwGif awGEY dkifrnfr[kwfacs/ xdkYjyif avmu&Sd tjcm;aom usrf;pmtkyfrsm;üvnf; þodNkY yD;jynhfpHkaom oGefoifcsufudk ray;cJhacs/ ]tDvm[f}\t"dyÜm,frSm udk;uG,fjcif;udck Hxdkufonfh tvGefjrwfEdk;cspfcif &oljzpf\/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh þonf tpövmrf\ ppfrSeaf om cspfjcif;\ twdrfteufukd tjynhft0 azmfusL;jyovsuf&Sdayonf/ odxm;Muukef/ cspfjcif;rygaom ]awmif[D;'f}rSm csdKU,Gif;csuf&SdNyD; rjynhfpaHk cs/} wrefawmfjrwf()rSwpfqifhomvQif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf&JUcspfjcif;udk &&SdrSmjzpfaMumif; txufrSmwifjycJhNyD;jzpfygw,f/ 'DvdkaMumifh tv’m[f t&Sijf rwfu udk,fawmfjrwftm; (uREkfyfudk aemuf vdkuef mcHMu? 'Dvdktm;jzifh tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf&JU cspfjcif;ud&k &Sdvdrfhr,f/ 3;32) qdkNyD; aMunmapcJhygw,f/ ]awmif[D;'f}&JUtESpfom&ESifh 'geJYywfoufvdkY ]rdkYtfrifef}wpfOD;[m b,fvdk tqifhtwef;rsKd ;rSm&SdoifhovJqdkwJhtaMumif; rqD[farmftl;'f()ocif rdefYMum;awmfrlwmu]tMuifolwdkYonf tmPmydkifrsm;a&SUwGif OD;cdkuv f suf&SdMuNyD; ¤if;wdkYxHrS qkvmbfESifh bGJYwHqdyfrsm;udk &,lMu\/ xdkolw\ kdY ESvHk;om;wGif ¤if;wdkY tm; *kPfay;rIonf bk&m;ocifuJhodkY BuD;us,fcefYnm;rIrsdK;jzifh 0ifa&muf oGm;ay\/ þodkYjzifh ¤if;wdkYonf olw\ dkY udk;uG,f&mrsm;jzpfoGm;ayawmh onf/ þvkyf&yfuyif (vlom;xHwGif&Sdaom)]awmif[D;'f}\*kPftqifhudk csKyfNidrf;oGm;apNyD; vlom;tm; ol\rlvA[dkcsufrS z,f&Sm;vsuf a0;&modkY


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 9

ypfvdkufayonf/ xdYak Mumifh ½kyf0w¬KtaMumif;cHrsm;ESifh ]awmif[D;'f} tMum;wGif csdKU,Gif;csufrsm;r&Sd&apbJ oufqdkif&mtqifhtwef;rsm; tvdkuf toD;oD;&Sad eap&efESifh aemufqHk;aom rSDwG,ftm;xm;&monf ]awmif[D;'f}ücsKyf&rnf[k wrefawmfwdkif;u oGefoifoGm;cJhayonf/ *kPfodu©m[lorQ? om,maysmf&Tifr[ I lorQESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;udjk znfhqnf; &ef vHkavmufawmfrlaomt&SifrSm tv’m[ft&SifjrwfomvQifjzpfaMumif; wrefawmfrsm;u vlom;wdkYtm; oGefoifjyooGm;\/ okdYjzpf&m xdkt&Sif jrwfESifh tjcm;wpfpHkwpfa,mufudk ,SOfwGJvmygu qefYusifbufESpfck ,SOfNydKifrIaMumifh wpfckrSm rkcs ysufpD;&rnfqdkonfrSm xif&Sm;\/ odkYjzpfay&m tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ ]awmif[D;'f}wnfwHha&;udk OD;pm;ay; xm;\/ ½kyf0w¬KtaMumif;cHrsm;udk toHk;csEdki\ f ? odkYaomf xdktaMumif;cH rsm;udk bk&m;ociftjzpf rjyKvkyfvdkufMu&efomjzpf\/ þonfh ]awmif[D;'f}jzifhom tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftay: cspfjcif;onf aygufzGm;vm &\/ tusdK;tjrwfESifh qHk;½HI;rItvHk;pHkwdkYonf xkdt&Sifjrwf\ vufawmfüom&Sad Mumif;? tppftrSef aus;Zl;&SifrSm xdkt&SifomvQifjzpf aMumif;? trIeftrTm;wpfckcsif;onf t&SifjrwfxHawmfrSjzpfaMumif;wdkYudk vlom;onfod&SdoGm;NyD; þodkYpifMu,fonft h ajctaeudk &&SdoGm;Nyq D dkvQif olYtm; ]rdk0g[d'}f (awmif[D;'fuv dk ufudkifjyKxm;ol)[kac:ayonf/ odkYjzpf&m ]awmif[D;'f}\tajctaewpf&yfrSm vlom;onf ausmufwHk; ausmufcJrsm;? vlrsm;ESifh tjcm;rnfonfht&mudkrQ udk;uG,f&mtjzpf rjyKvkyf&acs/ xdkrQru xkdt&mrsm;udk bk&m;tjzpf jyKvkyfxm;onfudkyif rkef;wD;&GH&SmrIjzpf&ayrnf/ aemuftajctaewpf&yfonfum;- ½kyf0w¬K taMumif;cHrsm;udk twdkif;xuftvGef ,HkyHkudk;pm;rI rjyK&acs/ wwd,trsdK;tpm;rSm- rdr\ d twåESifh &nf&G,fcsufwdkYudk tv,frS z,f&Sm; ypf&ayrnf/ ,if;tm;jiif;y,f&rnf/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh vlom;\ rsufpd atmufü rdr\ d aumif;jrwfrIESifh tiftm;wdkYudk Munhf½Iwwfonfvnf;


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 10

&S\ d / tb,faumif;rIudkjzifh rdrdonf udk,fydkifpGrf;tm;jzifhjyKcJhonf[k ,lqwwf\/ vlom;onf rdr\ d tiftm;tay: ,Hyk t Hk m;udk;vdkufNyD; tvkyf[lorQudk rdr\ d pGrf;tm;rS &v'ftjzpfrSwf,lvdkufayonf/ xkdYaMumifh vlom;tzdkY rdr\ d pGrf;tif[lorQudkvnf; jiif;y,frsufuG,fjyK awmhrSomvQif ]rdk0g[d'f}jzpfEdkifrnf/ odkY&mwGif þae&müar;p&m jzpfvm \/ tawGYtBuHKt&oufao&NyD;udpöwpfckrSm vlom;ESifhtwl tjypfwpfck r[kwfwpfck&SdNyD;jzpfae\/ tcsdKUu BuD;av;aomtjypfrsm;wGif epfvsuf &SdNyD; tcsdKUu tjcm;aom tqifhü&Sdonfh tjypfrsm;wGif &SdMu\/ tcsdKUrSm tvGet f Ekpdyfaom tjypfi&Jrsm;\om;aumifjzpf&\/ Oyrm- ap;ESJwGefYwdk jcif;? [efaqmifjypm;jcif; tp&Sdonfh tjypfrsm;ü csKyfaESmifjcif;cHMu&\/ xkdtjypfrsm;rS rvGwfajrmufao;orQumv vlom;tzdkY rdrdxHrSaysmufqHk; oGm;cJhaom tvif;a&mifudk &EdkifOD;rnfr[kwfacs/ t"dutaMumif;onfum;- tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rsm;pGmaom trdefY rsm;udk jy|mef;xm;\/ ,if;wdkYteufrS tcsdKUrSm vlwdkif;vdkufemusifhoHk;& onf r[kwfacs/ Oyrm- ][*sf}jyKjcif;jzpfNyD; ,if;udpötwGuf wwfEdkifol jzpf&rnf? vrf;c&D;vHkNcHKrI&Sd&rnf? aemufwGiu f secf Jholrsm;\ aexdkif pm;aomufa&;twGuf pDrx H m;cJh&rnf? xdkuJhodkYaom vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznhfqnf;EdkifNyDqdkvQif xdkoltwGuf [*sfonf ]z&ufZf}wm0efjzpf\/ xdkenf;wlpGmyif ]Zum;wf}jzpf\/ ,if;udkvnf; ay;&efxdkufoluomvQif ay;aqmif&\/ xdkenf;wl ]ermZf}0wfjyKjcif;üvnf; tajymif;tvJ&\ Sd / (c&D;onftwGufavQmhayghxm;jcif;udkqdkvdkonf/) okdY&mwGif taMumif; tcsuf wpfckwGifum; rnfodkYaom ajymif;vJrIrQ r&Sdacs/ ]vmtDvm[m tdvfvv’m[f? rdk[r®'G&f &plvGv’m[f}jzpf\/ þtcsufom vQif t"duyifrjzpfNyD; useft&mtm;vHk;rSm ,if;\ tudkif;tcufrsm; jzpf\/ ]atbm'wf}vkyfief;pOfrsm;udrk jznfhqnf;bJESifh ]awmif[D;'f} jynhfpEHk dkifrnfr[kwfacs/}


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 11

ocifBuD; rdefYMum;awmfr\ l / ],if;\t"dyÜm,frSm þodkYjzpf\/ ]vmtDvm[m tdvfvv’m[f? rdk[r®'G&f &plvGv’m[f}[lí&Gwfqdkolonf pifppf tv’m[ft&SifjrwfrSwpfyg; tjcm; rnfonfh cspfcifp&mrQr&Sd? &nf&G,fcsufxm;p&m tjcm;yef;wdkifr&SdaMumif; udk vufawGYusifhoHk;wnfaqmufrItydkif;rS trSefwu,ftm;jzifh oufao jy&ayrnf/ tMuifolü þonfhtajctae&SdvQif? xdkYjyif ol\ ,HkMunf ouf0ifrIESifh vufawGYusifhoHk;rIwdkYu þonfh0efcHcsufudk azmfusL;vsuf &SdonfqkdvQif olonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\a&SUawmfü vdrfnm0efcHol r[kwfawmhacs/ tvHk;pHkaom ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;rsm;onf avmifuRrf;oGm;cJhNyD; ol\,HkMunfouf0ifrItm;jzifh olYtay:odkY ]zem}csKyfNidrf;jcif;onf qdkufa&mufvmawmh\/ xdkonfhtcgwGif olonf EIwfrS ]vmtDvm[m tdvfvv’m[f}udk &Gwfqdk0efc\ H / xdkYaemuf ,if;\ 'kwd,tpdwftydkif; jzpfaom ]rkd[r®'G&f &plvGv’m[f}rSm pHerlemtjzpf xm;&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ taMumif;rl pHerlemESifh Oyrmrsm;tm;jzifh ta&;udpöwdkif;onf vG,fuloGm;jcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ wrefawmfwdkYrnfonf pHerlemjyo&eftvdkYiSm yGifhay:vmjcif;jzpf\/ xdkYjyif wrefawmfjrwf()xHwGif NyD;jynfhpHkonfo h du©mawmfrsm;\ pHerlem rsm; aygif;pkpnf;vsuf&\ Sd / taMumif;rl wrefawmftm;vHk;\ pHerlemonf udk,fawmfjrwfxHwGif pkpnf;vsuf&SdaomaMumifhjzpf\/} wpfcgu pum;0dkif;wpfckü ]&[l'DawGrSmvnf; awmif[D;'f&Sdw,f? tpövmrfu xdx k ufomvGefNyD; bmawGrsm;wifqufcJhovJ}qdkwJh ar;cGef; wpfck ocifBuD;xHrSm ar;cJyh gw,f/ ocifBuD; rdefYMum;awmfrlwmu ]&[l'DwdkYxHwGif ]awmif[D;'f}a<u;aMumfcsufom&SdNyD; (tppftrSef) awmif[D;'fr&Sad cs/ EIwfajymoufoufrSm rnfodkYrQtoHk;r0ifacs/ awmif[D;'fü tqifhtwef;rsm;&S\ d / xdktqifhtwef;rsm;r&SdbJESifh awmif[D;'f\ twdrfteufuedk m;rvnfEdkifacs/ ]vmtDvm[m


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 12

tdvfvv’m[f}[lí EIwfajymoufoufpum;jzifh rvHkavmufacs/ ½dIifwef vnf; þodkYajymEdki\ f / ]vmtDvm[m tdvfvv’m[f}\ tppftrSef oabmonf vlom;\½kyfcE¨mürxif&Sm;orQumv bmt&mrQ r[kwf acs/ &[l'DwdkYxHwGif þtcsufonf tb,frSm&Sdygoenf;/ toif udk,fwdkifajymyg/ (ar;jref;olrSm&[l'Djzpfonf/) ]awmif[D;'f}\yxrtqifhonfum; vlom;\vkyfaqmifrIü tv’m[f t&Sifjrwf\ trdefYpum;ESifhqefYusifí jyKvkyfjcif;rsdK;r&Sdap&/ xdkYjyif ol\ rnfonfhvkyf&yfurQ tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\cspfjcif;ESifh qefYusifrIrjzpfap&/ wpfenf;qdk&vQif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudkcspfjcif;? emcHjcif;wdkYü epfrGef;vsuf rdrdudk,fudk csKyfNidrf;apvdkuf&rnf/ þ½Iaxmifht& ,if;\t"dyÜm,frSm ]vmrmtfAl;'gvD? 0vmrm[fbl;bvD? 0vm rkwGm;vD tdvv f v’m[f} tv’m[ft&SifjrwfrSwpfyg; uREkfy\ f udk;uG,f&mt&Sifr&Sd? t&SifjrwfrS wpfyg; uREkfy\ f cspfcif&olr&Sd? t&SifjrwfrSwpfyg; emcHjcif;cHxdkufolr&Sd} [lí jzpfayonf/ em;vnfxm;Muukef/ ]&S&Duf}(wkzufudk;uG,fjcif;)ü yHkpHtrsdK;rsdK;&S\ d / ,if;wkt dY euf wpfckrSm- ]&S&Duf *svD}(xif&Sm;aomwkzufukd;uG,frI) jzpfNyD; aemufwpfckrSm ]&S&Duf czD}(wdrfjrKyfvsuf&Sdaomwkzufudk;uG,frI) jzpf\/ ]&S&Duf *svD}\ Oyrmudk trsm;tm;jzifhodMuNyD; ¤if;wkdYrSm ½kyfwkudk;uG,f olrsm;? ausmufwHk;ausmufcJrsm;? opfyifESifh tjcm;t&m0w¬Krsm;udk udk;uG,f&mtjzpf ,lqolrsm;jzpfMu\/ ]&S&Ducf zD}rSm vlom;onf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftm; csD;rGrf;jcif;jyKouJhodkY? t&SifhtwGufomvQif xdkufwefaom csD;rGrf;jcif;yHkpHjzifh wpfpHkwpf&mudk csD;rGrf;jcif;jzpf\/ odkYwnf;r[kwf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfucdk spf&rnfh cspfjcif;rsdK;jzifh wpfpHk wpf&mudk cspfcifjcif;jzpf\/ okdYwnf;r[kwf xdkt&mudkaMumuf&HGUjcif; jzpf\/ odkYwnf;r[kwf xkdt&mudk tjynhft0 ,HkyHkudk;pm;jcif;jzpf\/


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 13

,ck aoaocsmcsmpOf;pm;MunfMh uukef/ þtajctaeonf ]awmif&wf} udk vufcHolwdkYtwGif;ü awGY&onfr[kwfygavm/ wrefawmf rlpm toufxif&Sm;&SdpOfrSmyif olYtm;jzifh ay:aygufcJhaomjzpf&yfudk cifAsm; odygvdrfhrnf/ tu,fí ]awmif&wf}usrf;onfyif vHkavmufygvQif &[l'DwdkYonf rdrdw\ dkY pdwf0dnmOfrsm;udk oefY&Sif;pifMu,fatmif jyKEdkiMf u ayrnf/ odkY&mwGif ¤if;wdkYtwGif;ü (pdwf0dnmOf)pifMu,foefY&Sif;rI rjzpfcJh acs/ ¤if;wdkYonf tvGef pdwfoabmusOf;ajrmif;olrsm;? rav;rpm;jyK olrsm; jzpfcJhMu\/ þodt kY usdK;oufa&mufrIonfusrf;jrwfuk&ftmefü&S\ d / ,if;tm; pmom; t&vnf;aumif;? t"dyÜm,ft&vnf;aumif; Oayu©mrjyKygvQif ,if; onf vlom;\ESvHk;om;tay: tvGex f l;jcm;aom oufa&mufrIudk jzpfap\/ ,if;twGuf Oyrmonf acwfumvwkdif;ü&S\ d / ,ckvnf; &S\ d / usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif rdefYMum;awmfrlonfrSm(tdk-wrefawmf? toifonf vlwdkYtm; ajymMum;ygav? tu,fí toifwkdYonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudk cspfjrwfEdk;MuvQif uREkfy\ f aemufodkY vdkufMuukef/ tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwkdYtm; rdr\ d tcspfawmftjzpf a&G;cs,fawmfrlvdrhfrnf/ 3;32) wrefawmfjrwf()tm; tjynhft0 aemufvdkufemcHjcif;jzifh vlom;tm; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\cspf&oltqifhodkYwdkifa&muf&SdoGm;ap\/ þodkYjzifh udk,fawmfjrwfonf jynhf0aom]rdk0g[d'f}wpfOD;\ NyD;jynhfpHkaom pHjyo,k*f jzpfaMumif;odEdkifayonf/ tu,fí &[l'DwdkYonf ]awmif[D;'f}udk tjynhf t0vufcHolrsm;jzpfMuygrl xdkuJhodkY NyD;jynhfpHkonfh ]rdk0g[d'f}udk jiif;y,fMu rnfr[kwfacs/ tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ ]cgwrGvf&plvf}udk jiif;y,fjcif;? olYtm;&efbufjyKjcif;rSm tvGet f EÅ&m,fBuD;aomvkyf&yfjzpfaMumif; ¤if;wdo kY doifo h nf/ odkY&mwGif ¤if;wkdYonf ta&;rpdkufcJhMuacs/ ¤if;wd\ kY usrf;pmtkyfrsm;ü udk,fawmfESifhpyfvsOf;í BudKwifAsm'dwfrsm; &SdygvsufESifh


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 14

jiif;y,fcJhMu\/ þodkYjzifh ¤if;wk\ dY pdwfESvHk;rsm;onf rmausmjcif;rSwpfyg; tjcm;bmrsm;jzpfEdkiOf D;rnfenf;/} tcGifhtcgwpfckrSm wrefawmf tDpm()eJYpyfvsOf;vdkY vGJrSm;wJh t,ltq wpfckudk acszsuf&if; ocifBuD; rdefYMum;awmfrlonfrSm]tpövmrfonf xkduJhodkY oefY&Sif;pifMu,fí yuwd½dk;&Sif;aom ]awmif[D;'f}ud, k laqmifvmcJ\ h / ,if;ESit fh vm;wl? t&dyfta,mif wpfck rQyif tjcm;aom tkyfpkrsm;? omoemrsm;ürawGY&acs/ tb,frQqdkvQif uREkfy, f HkMunfonfum;a&S;,cifusrf;pmtkyfrsm;ü ]awmif[D;'f} taMumif;udk azmfjycJhMu\? xdkYjyif wrefawmftm;vHk; yGifhay:&onfh &nf&G,fcsufrSmvnf; ]awmif[D;'f}udjk zefYcsd&efomjzpf\/ odkY&mwGif ]cgwrGvftefAD,m}()u,laqmifvmcJhaom awmif[D;'fqdkif&menf;vrf;? ½Iaxmifhrsm;? xkdYjyif awmif[D;'fESifhpyfvsOf;í usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefu zGifhqdk &Sif;vif;jyaomtqifhrsdK;jzifh tjcm;rnfonfhpmtkyfwGifrQ &SmazGawGY&SdEdkif rnf r[kwfacs/} qufvufNyD; rqD[farmftl;'f()udkqefYusifolawG? wrefawmf tDpmudk toufxif&Sm;&Sdw,fv, kYd HkMunfolawG? 'ghtjyif tcsdKUudpöawGrSm wrefawmftDpmudk tv’m[ft&SifjrwfESifh,SOfzufyg0ifolvdkY xif&apwJh t,ltqawGudkvufcHxm;MuwJh rGwfpvifawGu&dk nfnTef;vsuf ocifBuD; rdefYMum;awmfrlwmu]wpfzef xdkuJhodkY pifMu,foef&Y Sif;aom prf;acsmif;udk ¤if;(rGwfpvif)wdkY onf ypfy,fvdkMu\/ xdo k dkYqdkvQif ajymMuukef? tpövmrfomoemudk apmfum;rIü toifwkdYonf rnfonfudk csefvSyfcJhygao;oenf;/ ¤if;wd\ kY uHqdk;rIonfum;- tMuiftcg ¤if;wdkYa&SUwGif wrefawmfjrwf() ,laqmifvmcJhaom ppfrSefonfhtpövmrfuw dk ifqufonfhtcg? xkdYjyif usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefjzifh taxmuftxm;jyKvsuf toifwkdYonf rSm;,Gif;rI ü&SdaeMuonf[k oufaojyonfhtcg ¤if;wdkYu ]uREkfyfw\ dkY bdk;ab;rsm;


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 15

onf ,ckuJhodkYom ,HkMunfvmcJhMuayonf}[kk qdkMu\/ odkY&mwGif uREkfyf ajymvdkonfum;- ¤if;wkdYonf þrQaompum;jzifh rdrdwdkYudk,fudk vGwfNyD[k ,lqaeMuoavm/ r[kwfacs? xdkrQru usrf;jrwfuk&ftmeft&? xkdYjyif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\a&S;tpOfu&SdcJhaom ed,mrtpOftvmt& þpum; &yftm;jzifhvnf; ¤if;wkdYtay: wpfenf;tm;jzifh oufaoxlNyD;jzpfoGm; ayonf/ tv’m[ft&SifjrwfxaH wmfrS apvTwfjcif;cH&olwpfOD; yGifhay: vmonfhtcgwdkif; qefYusifolwdkYu olw\ dkY oGefoifcsufudk em;qifvsuf ,ckuJhodkYom qdkMu\/ (uREkfyfwdkYrSmum; rdrdw\ kdY a&S;,cif bdk;ab;rsm;xHrS þodkYrMum;zl;acs/ 23;25)} ]awmif[D;'f}ESifh ½kyf0w¬KtaMumif;cHrsm;tay: &S&Dujf yKjcif;taMumif;udk azmfjyvsuf ocifBuD; rdefYMum;awmfrlonfrSm]awmif[D;'f}qdkonfrSm EIwfyg;pyfrS ]t&Sf['k tv’mtDvm[m tdvfvv’m[k? 0t&Sf['k tEém rk[r®'&f &plvGvm’ [f} [lí &Gwfqdkjcif; oufoufuadk c:onfr[kw/f pifppf ]awmif[D;'f}\t"dyÜm,ft& tv’m[ft&Sijf rwf\ BuD;us,fxGwjf rwfjcif;onf ESvHk;om;ü aumif;pGm pGJNrJoGm;&ayrnf/ t&Sifjrwf\a&SUwGif tjcm;rnfonfht&m\ BuD;jrwfrI udkrQ ESvHk;om;üae&mray;&acs/ vkyfaqmifrI[lorQ? vIyf&Sm;rI[lorQ? qdwfNidrfrI[lorQw\ dkY A[dkjyK&mrSm oefY&Sif;jrifhjrwfvSpGmaom tv’m[f t&Sifjrwf\ZmwdawmfyifjzpfaMumif; em;vnf&ayrnf/ xdkYjyif ta&;udpö [lorQü t&SifjrwfudkomvQif tm;udk;tm;xm;jyK&ayrnf/ t&SifjrwfrS wpfyg;jzpfaom olpdr;f ol&Hrsm;tay: wpfpHkwpf&m tjrifoufa&mufjcif;? ,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif; tvQif;r&Sd&acs/ xkdYjyif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ ZmwdawmfESifh *kPfawmfwdkYwGif rnfodkYaom ]&S&Duf}udkrS Mum;cHr&Sdap&/ ,cktcsdefwGif zefqif;cHudk;uG,fr\ I tjzpfrSefonf xif&Sm;oGm;cJhayNyD/ vlwdkYonf þvkyf&yfrS pGefYcGmvmaeMuNyDjzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh Oa&my


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 16

tp&Sdaom taemufEdkifiHrsm;ü c&pf,mefrsm;onf aeYpOf omoemrS pGefYcGmoGm;vsuf&SdMu\/ aeYpOfxkwo f wif;pmrsm;? pmapmifrsm;? *sme,frsm;u þtcsufudk axmufcHvsuf &Sdayonf/} (xkdacwfumvrSm omoemudk Oayu©mjyKr[ I m jrifhrm;cJhovdk ,aeYqdk&if 'Dxuftqaygif;rsm;pGm ydkvmcJhygNyD/ 'gwifru ,aeY c&pf,mef trnfcHxm;olawGuyifvQif wrefawmf tDpm toufxif&Sm;&Sw d ,f qdkwmudk vufcHzt dkY oifhr&SdMuawmhygbl;/ tJ'u D rSwpfqifh aemufqHk; bk&m;ocifwnf&jSd cif;udkyg jiif;y,fvmaeMuygNyD/) rqD[farmftl;'f()ocif qufvufrdefYMum;awmfrw l ,f/ ]tcsKyfqdk&aomf zefqif;cHudk;uG,fr0I g'udk ,ck rnfolrQvufrcHawmh acs/ odkYaomf ½kyf0w¬KtaMumif;cHrsm;udk &S&DufjyKjcif;uvnf; xdkuJhodkYaom &S&DufyifjzpfNyD; vltrsm;pku ,if;udek m;rvnfMuacs/ Oyrm- v,f,m pdkufysdK;jcif;rjyKvQio f D;yGifha0qmrnfr[kwfbJ rdr\ d b0&yfwnfa&;vnf; ajyvnfEdkifrnfr[kwf[k v,form;uajymrnf/ xdkenf;wlpGmyif touf arG;0rf;aMumif;jyKaeolwdkif;u rdrdw\ kdY vkyfief;tay: rSDwG,ftm;xm; vsuf&SdNyD; ¤if;wdkYu tu,fí þvkyfief;udkom rvkyfudkifygvQif b0&yfwnf&ef rjzpfEdkif[k ,lqMu\/ þonfudkyif ]½ky0f w¬KtaMumif;cH udk;uG,frI0g'}[kac:ayonf/ xkdYjyif þodkYjzpf&jcif;rSmvnf; tv’m[f t&Sifjrwf\ wefcdk;pGrf;tm;rsm;tay: ouf0if,HkMunfrIr&Sdjcif;aMumifh jzpfayonf/ tu,fí tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ tvdkawmfESifh trdefY owfrSwcf surf &SdygvQif toufarG; tvkyftudkirf qdkxm;ESifh? a&? av? tm[m&ESifh b0&yfwnfa&;qdkif&m rSDcdk&mjzpfaom ½kyf0w¬Krsm;yifvQif vlom;udk tusdK;jyKEdkifrnfr[kwfacs/ xkdYaMumifhyif vlom;onf a&udk aomufoHk;csdefü olYtaejzifhrSwfxm;&rnfrSm- tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonfyif a&udkzefqif;\? t&Sifjrwf\tvdkawmfr&Sdao;orQumv a&onf


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 17

tusdK;jyKEdkirf nfr[kwf/ t&Sifjrwf\ tvdkawmfaMumifhom a&onf tusdK;jyK&\/ t&Sifjrwftvdk&SdvQif xdak &uyif qdk;usdK;udk jzpfapEkdi\ f /} ocifBuD; rdeafY wmfr\ l / ]wpfcgwGif vlwpfOD;onf ½dkZmapmifhxdef;xm;NyD; 0gajzcsdefwGif a&aomuf vdku\ f / xdkodkY a&aomufvdkufonfESifhyif olonf vJusoGm;\/ xdktcsdefwGif olYtwGuf a&onf tqdyfuJhodkY jzpfoGm;\/ xdYak Mumifh vlrItodkif;t0dkif;qdkif&mvkyfief;jzpfap? tjcm;vkyfief;wpfckckjzpfap aumif;uifrS aumif;BuD;ay;jcif;r&Sdao;orQumv xdkvkyfief;rsm;onf r*Fvmr&SdEdkiaf cs/ odkYjzpfay&m tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ yg0ifywfoufrIrsm; tay: jynhf0aom ,HkMunfr&I Sdoifhayonf/ tMuifolü þodkY,HkMunfcsuf r&SdygvQif olYxHü omoemrJhjcif;\ aoG;aMumwpfck&SdaeNyD[k qdkEdki\ f / (vkyfief;[lorQtwGuf) OD;pGmyxr aumif;uifü pD&ifqHk;jzwfrIjyKNyD; xdkYaemufrS ajrjyifüay:xGef;vm&ayonf/} ocifBuD; rdefYMum;awmfr\ l / ]EIwfyg;pyfrS a<u;aMumfrIoufoufonf ]awmif[D;'f}r[kwfacs/ armfv0DwdkYbufodkY MunfhMuukef/ olwpfyg;udk w&m;a[mMum;aeaomf vnf; udk,fwdkifu rnfodkYrQ usifhMuHtm;xkwfrI rjyKMuacs/ xkdYaMumifhyif olwdkYtay: ,HkMunfrIuif;rJhvmaeMujcif;jzpf\/ wpfcgu armfv0D wpfa,muf w&m;a[m\/ w&m;emy&dowftwGif;ü ol\ ZeD;vnf; yg\/ armfv0Du ]q'um}tvSL'ge ay;urf;&ufa&mrIESifh t&SifjrwfxHrS cGifhvTwfoem;jcif;cH&rItaMumif;udk a[majymae\/ xdw k &m;udkem;qifNyD; o'¨g,kdzdwfjcif;jzpfvsuf trsdK;orD;wpfOD;u rdr\ d ajcaxmufwpfzufrS ajcusif;udkjzKwí f w&m;a[mq&mudk vSLvdku\ f / xdktcg w&m;a[m q&mu ]toifr&JUajcaxmufaemufwpfzufu i&Ja&mufrSmudk toifr tvd&k Sdovm;}[kar;\/ xdktcg trsdK;orD;u tjcm;wpfzuffrS ajcusif;udk vnf; jzKwfíay;vdkujf yef\/ xdkYaemuf w&m;a[mq&m armfv0Du


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 18

tdrfodkYa&mufonfhtcg ol\ZeD;jzpfoluvnf; ola[mMum;vdkufaom w&m;ESifhtnD tvSL'gejyKvkyfvdkNyD; vdktyfcsu&f Sdolrsm;udk ay;urf;vSL'gef; vdak Mumif;ajym\/ þwGif armfv0Du ]'Dpum;awGu ajymzdkYoufoufyJ? vkyfzdkYr[kwfbl;? tu,fí 'Dvdkom rajymbl; ra[mbl;qdk&if 'dkY&JU pm;0wfaea&;ajyvnfrSmr[kwfbl;}[k qdkav\/ ]pifjrifhay:wGif w&m;a[monfhq&mwdkYonf tuG,foadkY &mufvQif xdkw&m;ESifhqefYusií f vkyfaqmifwwfonf}[laom olwkdYuk&d nfnTef;onfh qdk½dk;pum;wpfckjzpfvmayonf/} tJ'Daemuf ]awmif[D;'f}ay:wGif &yfwnfaeaom ppfrSefonfh ]rdkYtfrifef} wpfOD;onf rnfonft h ajctaeü rnfodkY&SdoifhaMumif; wpfcgrSm ocifBuD;u tckvdk rdefYMum;awmfrlygw,f/ ]rdkYtfrifef}onf rnfonfht&mudkrQ ta&;rpdkufaom vlwpfOD;jzpf\/ olonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ auseyfESpfoufrIudkomvQif vdkvm;\/ xdkYaMumifh t&Sifjrwftm; emcHrIudkom tcsdefwdkif;wGif OD;xdyfxm;vsuf &S\ d / taMumif;rl ol\ta&;udpöonf tv’m[ft&SifjrwfESifh qufEG,fae onfjzpfí wpfpHkwpfOD;xHrS tusdK;tjrwfudkaomfvnf;aumif;? qHk;½HI;rIudk aomfvnf;aumif; olonf pdk;&drfp&m tb,frSm&SdawmhteHh nf;/ tMuif tcg vlom;onf tv’m[ft&SifjrwfESifh,SOfvsuf tjcm;wpfpHkwpfOD;udk ae&may;cJhvQif [efaqmifjypm;rI? rmefrme tp&Sad om raumif;rIrsm;wGif epfrGef;oGm;&ayawmhonf/ rSwfom;Muukefavmh? (tjcm;wpfpHkwpf&mudk) þodkYae&may;jcif;onf tqdyftawmufjzpf\/ ]vmtDvm[m tdvfvv’m[f}[lonfh uavrm\ yxrydkif; ]vmtDvm[f}wGifvnf; þvkyf&yfujdk iif;y,fxm;\/ vlom; onf tjcm;vlwpfOD;aMumifh tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ trdefYawmfwpfckudk jznfhqnf;rIüavsmhenf;oGm;ygu þonfrSm xdkvlom;udk tv’m[ft&Sif


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 19

jrwf\ *kPfawmfrsm;teufrS wpfckckESifh ,SOfwGJvdkufjcif;aMumifhom ,ckuJhodkY vdkufemrIü avsmhenf;oGm;&jcif;jzpfayonf/ xkdYaMumifhyif ]vmtDvm[f}[lí&Gwfqdkcsdefü xdkuJhodkYaom (twkta,mif) udk;uG,fcHrsm;udkvnf; jiif;y,fxm;ayonf/} tJ'Daemuf ocifBuD;u wpfcsdKUaomtjzpftysufrsm;udk azmfjyvsuf rdefYMum;onfrSm]Oykofapmifhxm;onfh armfv0DwpfOD;onf wpfpHkwpfa,muf\tdrfodkY a&muf&SdNyD; olonf rdrd ½dkZmapmifhxdef;xm;onfhtaMumif;ukd azmfjyvd\ k / tdrf&Sifu tpm;taomufoHk;aqmifzzdkY dwfonfhtcg olu rdrd ½dkZm apmifhxdef;xm;onfhtaMumif;udk yGifhvif;pGmajym&rnfhtpm; rdrdpdwfukd csKyw f nf;xm;olwpfa,mufjzpfaMumif;ay:vGifapcsifonfhtwGuf ]uREkfyf pm;vdkYr&bl;}[líom ajzav\/ odkYjzpfay&m þuJhodkYyif wdrfjrKyfvsuf &Sdonfh tjypfrsm;pGm&SdNyD; ,if;wkdYonf vlom;\ usifhBuw H nfaqmufrI rsm;udk zsufqD;ypfavonf/ olaX;ol<u,fwdkYonf rmefrme&SdMuNyD; ,if;onf olw\ dkY usifhBuHwnf aqmufrIrsm;udk 0g;NrdKvsuf&\ Sd / xdkYaMumifhyif rmefrmer&Sdaom qif;&J EGrf;yg;olrsm;onf olwx dkY uf a&SUodkYa&mufoGm;Muuke\ f / odkYjzpfay&m [efaqmifjypm;rItp&Sdaom raumif;rIrsm;onf <uufwpfaumifuJhodkY jzpfNyD; ,if;onf usifhBuHwnfaqmufrIrsm;udk twGif;rSvdIufpm;vsuf &S\ d / tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vGefpGm aumif;BuD;ay;awmffrlaomt&Sif jzpf\/ odkY&mwGif t&SifjrwfbufodkY vma&muf&eftwGuf ESdrfhcsrIonf rkcsvdktyf\/ vlom;xHwGif ynmtm;jzifhjzpfap? tmPmt&jzpfap? "eOpömt&jzpfap? rsdK;EG,ft&jzpfap twåESifh rmefrmewd&kY SdaeonfESifhtrQ olonf aemufusef&pfcJhrnfomjzpf\/ xdkYtwGufaMumifhyif tcsdKUusrf;pm tkyfrsm;ü aqGBuD;rsdK;BuD;rsm;rS ]atmifvD,m}rsm; avsmhenf;vmaeaMumif; a&;om;xm;\/ taMumif;rl olwdkYxHwGif rsdK;½dk;tEG,fBuD;jrwfrIaMumifh


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 20

rmefrmeaygufzGm;vmcJhíjzpfonf/ yxracwf\aemufwGif þodkYaom tawG;rsm;aygufzGm;vmonfjzpfí xkdow l dkYonf aemufwGifusef&pf cJhMuuke\ f / þuJhodkYaom tzHk;tumrsm;onf vlom;tm; vufvGwfqHk;½HI;&ol tjzpf odkY a&mufoGm;ap\/ ,if;rS tenf;i,frQaom vlwdkYom vGwfajrmufMu \/ csrf;om<u,f0rIESifh MoZmtmPmonfvnf; tzHk;tumwpfck jzpfonf/} ocifBuD;xH ]tefw rifEéD? 0tem rifefu} (toifonf ighxHrSjzpfNyD; igonf toifhxHrSjzpfonf)qdkwJh tdvf[mrfAsm'dwf wpfck&&Sdygw,f/ 'DAsm'dwf[m ]awmif[D;'f}eJq Y efu Y sifw,fvdkY vlawGu a0zefajymqdMk u aMumif; ocifBuD;xHrSm ar;avQmufMuygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm ocifBuD; rdefYMum;awmfrlwmu]tefw rifED}é (toifonf ighxHrSjzpfonf)qdkonfhpum;rSm tvGef ½dk;&Sif; onfjzpfí þpum;&yfwGif rnfodkYaom a0zefp&mrQr&Sdacs/ uREkfyo f nf t&SifjrwfxHawmfrSjzpfNyD; t&Sifjrwf\ ]zZvf}aus;Zl;awmfoufoufjzifh vma&muf&jcif;jzpf\/ rSwfom;xm;&rnfh t"dutaMumif;rSm- usrf;jrwf uk&ftmefwGif tBudrfBudrf rdefYxm;awmfro l uJhoydkY if t&Sifjrwfonf ]0g[f'[l vm&S&D;uf}jzpf\/ t&SifjrwfxHwGif Zmwdawmft&vnf;aumif;? *kPfawmft&vnf;aumif;? vkyfaqmifrIt&vnf;aumif; ,SOfwGJp&m bmrQr&Sdacs/ ppfrSefaompum;onfum; vlom;onf &S&Dufvkyf&yf[lo rQrS rpifMu,foa&GU tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ ]awmif[D;'f}tay:wGif NyD;jynhfpHkaom ,HkMunfrI rjzpfEdkifao;acs/ pifppf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftm; Zmwdawmft&vnf;aumif;? *kPfawmft&vnf;aumif; t&mtm;vHk;\ t&if;tjrpfjzpfaMumif;ESifh t&Sifjrwfonf t&m&mudkvTrf;NcHKxm;vsuf &SdaMumif; ,HkMunfawmhrSomvQif awmif[D;'f NyD;jynfhpHkayonf/


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 21

rodrdkufrJolwkdYonf uREkfyf&&Sdaom þAsm'dwfudk a0zefMu\/ odkY&mwGif þAsm'dw\ f twdrfteufrSm rnfodkY&aSd Mumif; ¤if;wdkY em;rvnfMuacs/ ¤if;wdkYrSmum; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfwpfyg;wnf;&Sad Mumif;udk EIwfraS <u;aMumf Muvsuv f nf; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\*kPfawmfrsm;udk tjcm;olwdkYtm; a0rQay;Mu\/ Oyrm- wrefawmf tDpm()tm; ]&Sifapol}? ]aoapol}? ]tuG,frSt&mrsm;udk odpGrf;ol}? ]tNrJxm0& wnfwHhaeol}tjzpf vufcHMu\/ tokedY nf;? þonfwdkYrSm &S&Dufvkyf&yfr[kwfaybl;avm/ pifppf þonf tvGeftEÅ&m,fBuD;aom &S&Dufjzpf\/ þvkyf&yfuyif c&pf,meftkyfpt k m; ysufpD;apcJhNyD; ,ck rGwfpvifwdkYu uHqdk;rdk;arSmifus vsuf xkdow l \ dkY t,ltqrsm;udk rdrdw\ dkY ,HkMunfcsufrsm;ü xnfhoGif;cJhay onf/ xdkYaMumifh tv’m[ft&SifjrwftwGuf txl;jyKxm;onfh *kPfawmf rsm;udk wrefawmfjzpfap? olawmfpifjzpfap tjcm;vlom;wpfOD;OD;udk a0rQay;jcif;rjyK&acs/ xkdenf;wlpGmyif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ vkyfaqmifrI üvnf; tjcm;wpfpHkwpfa,mufudk wGJbufxm;jcif;rjyK&acs/ urÇm avmuü ½kyf0w¬KtaMumif;cHrsm;udx k m;&S\ d / tcsdKUrSm xdkonf½h kyf0w¬Krsm; udk rSDcdktm;xm;aeonfjzpfí ¤if;wdkYonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudk arhavsmh oGm;cJMh uayonf/ ½kyf0w¬KtaMumif;cHrsm;tay: &S&DufjyKjcif;qdkif&m ta&;taMumif;rQyif rusef&Sd&jcif;rSm ]awmif[D;'f}\twdrfteufjzpfonf/ t&m0w¬Krsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í ¤if;wd\ kY xl;jcm;csufonf yifudkjzpfonf[k rxifrSwf&acs/ xdkonfh xl;jcm;csufrsm;udk tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfuyif olwdkYtwGif;ü xnfhoGif;ay;cJhaMumif; ,HkMunf&ayrnf/ Oyrm- rkefvmOonf 0rf;ouf ap\/ wpfzef tmqif;epftqdyfonf aoap\/ ,ckuJhokdY oD;oefYjzpf onfh pGrf;&nfrsm;onf ¤if;wd\ kY tvdktavsmufjzpfaom yifupdk Grf;&nf rsm; r[kwfbJ tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfu ¤if;wdkYtwGif;ü xnfhoGif;ay;xm; jcif;jzpf\/ tu,fí xkdt&nftaoG;rsm;udk xkwfvdkufrnfqdkygu


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 22

rkefvmOonfvnf; 0rf;oufaprnfr[kwfouJhodkY tmqif;epf tqdyfrSm vnf; aoapEdkio f nfhtqifüh &Sdawmhrnfr[kwfacs/ okdYjzpfay&m ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;rsm;\pGrf;&nfudk twdkif;xufausmfvGefí rrSwf,lMuvifh/ xdkYjyif *kPfawmfrsm;ESifh t&Sifjrwf\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;wGif wpfpHkwpfOD;udk wGJzufyg0ifoltjzpf r,lqMuvihf/ xdkonfhtcgwGifrS awmif[D;'f\ tppftrSefoabmonf ay:vGifvmrnfjzpfNyD; xdkoludk ]rdk0g[d'f}[k ac:qdkEdkifayrnf/ tu,fí olonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ *kPfawmfESifh vkyfaqmifrIrsm;wGif tjcm;wpfpHkwpfa,mufudk wGJzuf yg0ifot l jzpf a0rQay;ygu olonf EIwfyg;pyfrS awmif[D;'fudk tb,frQ yif a<u;aMumfonfjzpfap? olYtm; ]rkd0g[d'f}[k rac:Edki/f tu,fí xdkuJhodkYaomvludk ]rdk0g[d'f}[kac:ygvQif tm&d,m ([dE´LtzGJYtpnf; wpfck)wkdYudkvnf; ]rdk0g[d'f}[kajym&ayrnf/ taMumif;rl ¤if;wkdYonfvnf; wpfyg;wnf;aom bk&m;ocifudk ,HkMunfaMumif;qdkMu\/ odkY&mwGif þodkYa<u;aMumfMuaomfvnf; ¤if;wdkYu 0dnmOfESifh j'yfwdkYudk bk&m;ocif u zefqif;cJhonfr[kwfaMumif;? xkdt&mrsm;wnf&&Sd eftwGuf bk&m; ocif\taxmuftyHhrvdktyfaMumif; ,lqMuayonf/ wpfenf;qdk& aomf xkdt&mESpfckudk yifudktm;jzifh tNrJwrf; wnfwHhaeEdkifaom t&mrsm;tjzpf,lqMuuke\ f / odkYjzpf&m þonfxufydkíBuD;aom &S&Duf vkyf&yf tb,frSm&SOd D;rnfenf;/ xdkenf;wlpGmyif awmif[D;'fESifh &S&DufESpfcktMum; cGJcGJjcm;jcm; rjrifEdkifol ajrmufjrm;pGm &Sad o;\/ ¤if;wdkYxHrS yGifhvif;xif&Sm;aom &S&Dut f aiGY toufrsm; a&maESmvsuf&Sdonfh vkyfaqmifrIrsm;? ,HkMunf,lqcsufrsm;udk awGY&\/ Oyrm- tu,fírnfoljzifhr&SdygvQif rdrrd Sm ysufpD;oGm;&NyD jzpfaMumif; odkYwnf;r[kwf tb,ftvkyfudpöjzifh tqifajyrSmr[kwf aMumif;qdkMu\/ odkYjzpf&m vlom;taejzifh ½kyf0w¬KtaMumif;cHrsm;\ vdktyfcsufudk owfrSwfxm;onfh twdkif;twmxuf ausmfvGefjcif;


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 23

rjyKrdapvifh/ xkdYjyif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ *kPfawmfESifh vkyfaqmifrIrsm; wGif tjcm;rnfoludkrQ wGJzufyg0ifoltjzpf rjyKvkyfrdapvifh/ vlom;xHwGif tv’m[ft&SifjrwfxnfhoGif;ay;xm;aom pGrf;&nfrsm;rSm owfrSwfxm;onfh twdkif;twmudk ausmfvGefroGm;Edkifacs/ Oyrmrsufpdudk Munhf½IzdkY&ef zefqif;xm;\? em;udk Mum;zdkY&efzefqif;xm;\? EIwfvQmudk pum;ajym&ef? t&omjrnf;prf;&ef zefqif;xm;jcif;jzpf\/ odkYjzpf&m rnfolurQ rdrdonf em;udk Mum;&eftwGuf toHk;rcsbJ Munhf½IzdkY&efoHk;Edkifonf? EIwfvQmudk pum;ajym&ef t&omjrnf;prf;&ef twGufroHk;bJ Mum;&eftwGuf oHk;Edkifonf[k ajymEdkifrnfr[kwfacs/ taMumif;rl xdktpdwftydkif;rsm;ESifh pGrf;&nfrsm;\ txl;jyKvkyfaqmif Edik frIwdkYrSm tuefYtowftwGif;üom&S\ d / odkY&mwGif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ESifh *kPfawmfrsm;rSm tuefYtowftwGif;ü&Sdonf r[kwf acs/ xdkt&Sifjrwfonf wpfpHkwpf&mrQr&Sd/ 42;12) jzpfayonf/

(t&SifjrwfESifhyrmjyKp&m

odkYjzpf&m tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftm; bufaygif;pHkrS ]0g[d'f}? ]vm&S&Duf} jzpfaMumif; ,HkMunfawmhrSom ]awmif[D;'f}onf NyD;jynhfpHkaom tqifhodkY a&muf\/ xdkYjyif vlom;onf rdrdudk,frdrd t&nftcsif;r&Sd? bmrQr[kwf aom t&mwpfckozG,f oabmxm;&rnf/ rdrdonfvnf;aumif;? rdrdü&Sd aom ½kyf0w¬Krsm;onfvnf;aumif; bmt&mrQr[kwfaMumif; rSwfydkuf xm;&ayrnf/} tJ'Daemuf ocifBuD;u rdrd&&Sdaom Asm'dwfxJrS ]0tem rifefu} (igonf toifhxHrSjzpfonf)udk &Sif;vif;vsuf qufvufrdefYMum;awmfrlygw,f/ ],if;\twdrfteufudk em;vnfEdkif&eftwGuf þtaMumif;t&mudk odxm;&rnf/ vlom;onf rdrdudk,fudk csKyfNidrf;apjcif;ü tjrifhqHk;tqifhodkY a&muf&SdoGm;NyD; olonf b0opfwpfckESifh pifMu,faom b0toufudk


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 24

&&SdoGm;NyDqdkygvQif? wpfzef tMuifoltm; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfu ]tefw rifEDé}(toifonf ig\txHawmfrSjzpfonf)[k &nfnTef;rdefYMum;vkdufygu ,if;u olonf tv’m[ft&SifjrwfESifh eD;pyfrI? t&SifjrwfxHrS ]rmtf&Dzwf} ÓPftvif;wdkYjzifh tvSqifcH&jcif;twGuf oufaojzpfoGm;ayonf/ xdkvlom;onf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ ]awmif[D;'f}ESifh xkdt&Sifjrwf\ *kPfawmf? BuD;us,fxGwfjrwfrIESifh bkef;awmfwdkY xif&Sm;&mjzpfvm\/ þodkYjzifh olonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfwnf&Sdawmfrljcif;twGuf ouf&Sd xif&Sm;jzpfaom vufawGYoufaowpfck jzpfvmayonf/ þodkYaom toGifoP²mefrsdK;jzifh tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf olYxHwGif ay:vGifxif&Sm; avh&Sdayonf/ xdkYjyif olonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\xifay:&m aMu;rHkjyif wpfcsyfjzpfvm\/ þodkYjzifh olonf t&Sifjrwfudk txift&Sm;jyoonfh aMu;rHkwpfcsyfjzpfonft h wGuf olYtm; t&Sifjrwfu ]0tem rifefu} (igonf toifhxHrSjzpfonf)[k qdk&jcif;jzpfonf/ xkdYjyif ]tem rifefu}qdkonfh toHudk Mum;&onfh vlom;wdo kY nf urÇm avmuü bk&m;ociftm; ,HkMunfudk;uG,frIqdkif&m t&dyfta,mifrQ rusef aysmufqHk;aeonfh tcsdefumvrsdK;wGif vma&mufavh&Sdayonf/ ,cktcsdefwGifvnf; urÇmavmuwGif azmufjyefysufpD;rIonf jzefYusuf oGm;cJhNyD; bk&m;&Sifudk odjrifjcif;ESifh t&Sifjrwftm; ,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif; qdkif&mvrf;wdkY aysmufqHk;oGm;onfhtwGuf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf þtoif;awmfudk wnfaxmif&jcif;jzpf\/ t&Sifjrwf\ ]zZvf} aus;Zl;awmfoufoufjzifh uREkfyfudk apvTwfawmfrlvdkufjcif;jzpf\/ odkYjzifh tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudk arhavsmhxm;olrsm;udk uREkfyftaejzifh t&Sifjrwf\ owif;udkay;&efjzpfonf/ owif;ay;½HkoufoufrQr[kwf? tMuifolwdkY onf ½dk;om;rI? onf;cHpGJNrJrI? opömapmifhodrIwdkYjzifh uREkfyfbufodkYvmrnf qdkygu olwdkYtm; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudk jyo&efjzpf\/ þtaMumif;udk tajccHvsuf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfu uREkfyftm; ]tefw rifEéD? 0tem rifefu}[k &nfnTef;rdefYMum;awmfr&l jcif;jzpfonf/}


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 25

ocifBuD; rdefYMum;awmfr\ l / ]awmif[D;'f\ trsdK;tpm;wpfckrSm- tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudk cspfjcif;ü rdr\ d twåudkyif t&SifjrwfESihf rdrdMum;rS z,f&Sm;&ayrnf/ rdrdudk,frdrd t&Sifjrwf\ bkef;awmft&dyfatmufwGif ESpfjr§Kyfxm;vdkuf&rnf/} wpfzef ocifBuD;u ]qG[mbm}(om0ursm;)\ jzLpifrIo'¨gw&m;udk azmfjyvsuf rdefYMum;awmfrlonfrSm]qG[mbmrsm;\ tajctaeudk Munfhvsuf tvGefyif tHhMojcif;jzpf&\/ ¤if;wdkYonf aEG\tyl'Pfudkvnf;ra&Smif? aqmif;\tat;'Pfudkvnf; trIrxm;cJMh uacs/ rdrdw\ dkY b0udk zsufqD;ypfcJhMu\/ *kPfodu©mudkvnf; aumif;? toufudkvnf;aumif; ta&;rpdkufcJhMuacs/ ¤if;wdkYonf odk;? qdwrf sm;yrm vnfvSD;owfjzwfjcif;cHcJh&\/ xdkuJhodkY tvm;wl Oyrmudk jyo&efrSm vG,fulonfr[kwfacs/ toufudkay;í rdrdw\ dkY jzLpifrIudkoufaojycJhMuaom xdt k kyfp\ k jzLpifo'¨gw&m;&SdrItwGuf tjcm;BuD;jrwfonfh oufaotb,frSm &SdawmhtHhenf;/ ¤if;wd\ kY pdwf0dnmOfonf avmuDudpörsm;rS vHk;0OóHk vGwfuif;oGm;Mu\/ yrmtm;jzif-h c&D;&SnfoGm;zdkY&ef toifhjzpfoGm;ol wpfOD;uJhodkY ¤if;wdkYonf þavmuudkpGefYvsuf wrvGeftwGuf toifh&SdMuuke\ f / vlw\ kdY vkyfaqmifrIrsm;teuf tpdwftydkif;trsm;pkrSm avmuDudpörsm;jzpf\/ xdkYjyif þtvkyfudk vkyf&rnf? xdt k vkyfudk vkyf&rnf pojzifh aomuayGvsuf&\ Sd / xkdokdYjzifh aemufqHk;tcsdefudk a&mufvm\/ bk&m;ocifonf rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufudkrQ tcsnf;ESD; jzpfaponfr[kwfacs/ rdrdw\ kdY ydkifqdkifrIrsm;onf ysufpD;oGm;ukefMurnf[k awG;xifrIrSm rSm;ay\/ wrefawmfjrwf()\acwfumvwGif tblbuú&f ocif tp&Sdaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;\ ydkifqdkifrIrSm tb,frQ &SdEdkifygtHhenf;/ wpfO;D wpfa,mufxHwGif wpf&m ESpf&mrQ odkYwnf;r[kwf xkdYxufydkaom aiGtenf;i,frQ &Sdaumif;&Sdvdrfhrnf/ odkY&mwGif ¤if;wd&kY vdkufaom tusdK;


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 26

qkvmbfrSmum; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf olwdkYtm; bk&iftjzpfodkY a&mufapcJ\ h / qDZmESifh upö&mwd\ kY tkyfcsKyfa&;udk vuf0,f&cJholrsm; jzpfcMJh u\/ okdY&mwGif tpdwftydkif;wpfcsdKUudk tv’m[ft&SifjrwftwGufjzpfapNyD; tcsdKUudk ]½dIifwef}twGujf yKvkyfjcif;udk t&Sifjrwf\rcHcsifpdwfu vufrcH Ekdiaf cs/ ]awmif[D;'f}\ tESpfom&rSmvnf; þonfomvQifjzpf\/ tv’m[ft&SifjrwfrSwpfyg;jzpfaom t&mrsm;twGuf rnfodkYaom tpdwftydkif;rQ rusef&Sdap&/ ]awmif[D;'f}udk a<u;aMumfjcif;onf aojcif; wpfrsdK;jzpf\/ odkY&mwGif þonfhaoqHk;jcif;uomvQif trSefwu,f &Sifjcif;udk&&Sdaponf/} xdkYaemuf ocifBuD; rdefYMum;awmfrlonfrSm]aumif;pGmodxm;Muukef? þavmuDb0NyD;aemufwGif rnfonfhtcgrQ &yfqdkif;roGm;rnfh aemufxyf b0opfwpfck&Sdao;\/ ,if;twGuf toifwdkYonf rdrdwdkYudk,fudk toifhjyifqifxm;Muuke/f þavmuESifh ,if;\xnf0grIwdkYonf þb0rSmwif tqHk;owfoGm;ayrnf/ okdY&mwGif xdkb0\ aumif;csD;qkvmbfESifh aysmf&TifrIwdkYonfum; tueft Y owf r&Sd acs/ uREkfyftrSefqdkonfum;- tMuifolonf xdt k &mtm;vHk;wkdYrS z,fcGmvsuf tv’m[ft&SifjrwfbufodkY vma&mufonfhtcg xdkolom vQif ]rdkYtfrifef}jzpf\/ tMuiftcg vlwpfOD;onf bk&m;ociftwGuf jzpfoGm;ygu t&Sifjrwfonf olYtm; pGefYypfvdkufrnfqdkonfrSm rnfodkYrQ rjzpfEdkifacs/ bk&m;&Sifonf rw&m;jyKol[lí rxifrSwfMuukev f ifh/ tMuifolonf tv’m[ft&SifjrwftwGuf wpfpHkwpf&m qHk;½HI;cJh&ygu olonf xdkxuf tqaygif;rsm;pGmudk &&Sdayrnf/ tu,fí toifwkdY onf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ auseyfESpfoufrIudk OD;xdyfxm;vsuf om;orD;vdkcsifaompdwfurdk arG;ygvQif rkcs{uef toifwdkYonf om;orD; udk &vdrfhrnf/ tu,fí Opöm"e&vdkrI qE´rxm;ygvQif xkdt&Sifjrwfonf


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 27

rkcs toifwkdYtm;ay;vdrfhrnf/ toifwkdYonf wpfBudrf wnf;wGif taMumif;t&mESpfcktwGuf BudK;yrf;rIrjyKMuvifh/ BudK;yrf;rIESpfcu k dk wpfBudrfwnf;jzifh jyKEdkifrnfr[kwfacs/ tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudk&&Sd&ef wpfckwnf;om BudK;yrf;Muuke/f tv’m[ft&SifjrwftvdkYiSm avmuDudk pGefYvTwfolwdkYtzdkY avmuDudkvnf; &Mujyef\/ uREkfyfwpfzef xyfíajymrnf/ tpövmrf\ yifrtjrpfrSm ]awmif[D;'f} jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonffrSm- tv’m[ft&SifjrwfrSwpfyg; tjcm;rnfonfh t&murQ vlom;twGif;ü r&Sad p&/ xdkYjyif t&SifjrwfEiS fh t&Sifjrwf\ wrefawmfrsm;udk jypfwifajymqdkolrsm; rjzpfMuukefvifh/ rnfodkYaom ab;'ku©tcuftcJü usa&muf&onfjzpfap EIwfrSjypfwifajymqdkrI rjyK&/ vlom;tay:odkY ab;'ku©usa&muf&jcif;rSm ol\ pdwf0dnmOfrS vma&mufjcif;jzpfonf/ tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rw&m;jyK &ufpufol r[kwaf cs/ odkYaomf wpfcgwpf&H ajzmifhrwfrSefuefolwdkYtay:vnf; ab;'ku©rsm;usa&mufwwf\/ tjcm;olrsm;u ,if;udk ab;'ku©[k ,lq aomfvnf; pifppf ,if;onf olwdkYtwGuf 'ku©r[kwfacs/ ,if;onf olwt dkY wGuf aumif;csD;qkvmbfwpfcktoGifjzifh vma&mufjcif;jzpf\/ ,if;tm;jzifh olwo dkY nf t&SifjrwfESifhqufEG,frIü wdk;wufvm\/ xkdYjyif olw\ dkY tqifhonf jrifhrm;vm&\/ þtajctaeudk tjcm;olwkdY em;rvnfEkdifacs/ odkY&mwGif tv’m[ft&SifjrwfESifhqufEG,frIr&Sdolrsm;tay:odkY olw\ dkY rSm;,Gif;aom vkyf&yfrsm;aMumifh ab;'ku©wpfpHkwpf&m usa&mufonft h cg olwdkYonf a&S;uxufyif ydkí vrf;vGJoGm;Muuke\ f / xdkuJhoadkY om vlrsm;twGufyif t&Sifjrwf rdefYMum;awmfrlonfrSm(olw\ dkY pdwfESvHk;rsm;ü a&m*g &S\ d ? odkYjzpf&m tv’m[fonf olwdkYtm; a&m*güwdk;yGm;apawmfr\ l / 2;11)


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 28

odkYjzpfay&m tpOftNrJ aMumuf&HGUvsuf&SdMuukef/ tv’m[ft&SifjrwfxH awmfrS t&Sifjrwf\aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;udk awmif;cHvsuf&SdMuukef/ toifwkdYonf tv’m[ft&SifjrwfESifh tquftoG,fjzwfawmufolrsm; wGif tygt0if rjzpfMuukefvifh/ tMuifolonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf wnfaxmifxm;onfh *srmtwfwGif 0ifa&mufvmjcif;jzifh olonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfukd aus;Zl;jyKvdkufonf r[kwfacs/ pifppf ,if;onf tv’m[ft&SifjrwfxHraS us;Zl;jyKjcif;omjzpfNyD; t&Sifjrwfonf olYtm; þodkYvufcHEdkif&ef pGrf;tm;ay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tkyfpkwpfckudk zsufqD;vsuf tjcm;tkyfpkwpfckjzifh tpm;xdk;&ef t&Sifjrwfü pGrf;tm;&Sdawmfr\ l / þacwfumvonf ]vl;wf}ESifh ]El;[f}wd\ kY acwfumvrsdK;jzpf\/ tvGefjyif;xefaom jypf'Pfrusa&mufrD? urÇmavmu ed*Hk;rcsKyfrD tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rdr\ d aus;Zl;awmf? u½kPmawmfrsm;tm;jzifh jyKjyifwnfhrwfay;&ef vdkvm;awmfr\ l / odkYaMumifhyif t&Sifjrwfonf þtoif;awmfudk wnfaxmifcJhjcif;jzpfayonf/} ('gaMumifh 'DoGefoifcsufudk em;vnfzdkY? ]awmif[D;'f}&JU twdrfteuf tESpfom&udk em;vnfzdkY uRefawmfwdkYxHrSm tvGefBu;D rm;wJh wm0ef&Sdaeyg w,f/) wpfzef ocifBuD; rdefYMum;awmfrlwmu]uREkfy\ f *srmtwftwGuf t"duvdktyfonfrSm- rdrdwdkYtwGif;ü pifMu,f onfh jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;udk jyKvkyf&efjzpfonf/ taMumif;rl ¤if;wkdYonf opfvGifaom ]rmtf&Dzwf}rsm;udk &&Scd Hpm;ae&jcif;aMumifhjzpf\/ tu,fí ]rmtf&Dzwf}ÓPftvif;rsm;&&SdaMumif; a<u;aMumfvsuf tMuifoo l nf ,if;twdkif; avQmufvSrf;rIrjyKygvQif þonf tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaom tajym oufouf <um;0grIomjzpf\/ okdYjzpf&m uREkfy\ f *srmtwftzGJY0ifrsm;udk tjcm;olrsm;\ ysif;&drIu owdrrlayghqrIrsdK; tvQif;rjzpfapvifh/} (avmuDorm;awGudkMunhfvsuf olwdkYaemufudkvdkufjcif;rsdK;rjzpfapeJY/)


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 29

xkdYjyif ¤if;wdkYonf ayghavsmhnHhzsif;rIr&SMd uapvifh/ xdkYjyif avmuDudk cspfcifwG,fwmvsuf pdwfESvHk;wdkYonf rmaMumoGm;jcif;rsdK; rjzpfMuap vifh/ vlom;ü rsm;pGmaom arQmfvifhawmifhwcsufrsm;&S\ d / okdY&mwGif tuG,frSowfrSwfxm;aom jy|mef;csufudk rnfolodygrnfenf;/ b0onf arQmfvifhcsufrsm;twdkif; avQmuf&onfr[kwf/ arQmfvifhcsuf[lonf oD;jcm;jzpfí uHMur®mowfrSwfcsufrSm oD;jcm;jzpf\/ pifppf uHMur®m owfrSwfjy|mef;csufonfomvQif trSefjzpf\/ vlom;\ tv’m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfü&Sdaom b0rSwfwrf;omvQif trSefjzpfNyD; ,if;ü tb,ft&m a&;xm;onfudk rnfolodygtHhenf;/ odkYjzpf&m ESvHk;om;udk tBudrfBudrf vIyEf dI;vsuf pOf;pm;oHk;oyfae&ayrnf/} tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf uRefawmfwkdYtm;vHk;udk ]awmif[D;'f}&JU twdrfteuf tESpfom&udk od&Sdem;vnfEdkifpGrf;ay;oem;awmfrlygap/ 'ghtjyif uRefawmfwdkY&JU usifhBuHwnfaqmufrIwdkif;[m tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf &JU auseyfESpfoufrIudk&&SdapEdkifaom tjyKtrlawGjzpfEdkifygap/ -tmrD;ef*Rr®mermZftNyD;rSm ]*semZmCmtdAf}wpfck 0wfjyKrSmjzpfygw,f/ uG,fvGef olu qD;&D;,m;EdkifiHrS Abdul Karim Abbas Sahib jzpfNyD; arv 5 &ufrSm tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf trdefYawmf cH,loGm;cJhwmjzpfygw,f/ ol[m 2005 ckESpfrSm bdkiftwfopömcH,lcGifh&&SdcJhwmjzpfygw,f/ aemufydkif;rSa&mufvmaomfvnf; tvGefa&SUa&mufoGm;olawGxJrSm olvnf; tygt0ifjzpfygw,f/ rdom;pkxJrSm olwpfOD;wnf; t[fr'D jzpfygw,f/ ol[m 2009 ckESpfrSm ]0qD,wf}jyKvkyfcJhygw,f/ usef'gay; vSLrIrSm wdusoljzpfygw,f/ NyD;cJhwJhESpfu Edkifiw H Gif;jyóemawGaMumifh pD;yGm;a&; usqif;rI[m olY&JUpD;yGm;a&;udkvnf; ½dkufcwfcJhygw,f/ ol[m tvGefa0;vHwaJh e&mudk a&mufae&ifawmifrSyJ aqGrsdK;wpfa,muf a,mufrSwpfqifh usef'gudk ay;ydkYavh&Sdygw,f/ uG,fvGefol[m qD;csdK a&m*gonfwpfOD;jzpfNyD; olY&JUusef;rma&;u tawmfudk ysuf,Gif;vsuf


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 30

&SdcJhygw,f/ cE¨mudk,fuvnf; ydefydefyg;yg;jzpfygw,f/ NyD;cJhwJh &ufawGrSmyJ a0'emudk tenf;i,fcHpm;&NyD;aemuf tv’m[ft&Sijf rwf trdefYawmf cH,loGm;cJhygw,f/ ]rGvf[ifrf tvf-t'fpf qm[db}f u olYudk wAfvD*fjyKvkyfcJhwmjzpfygw,f/ ol[m jzLpif½dk;om;rI? ajzmifhrwfrw I dkYaMumifh tvsiftjrefyJ bdkiftwf ,lcJhygw,f/ xkdyk*¾dKvfu olYtaMumif; tckvdk a&;om;vdkufygw,f/ ]ol[m trSefw&m;udk &SmazGrIeJY jrifhrm;wJh emrfw&m;tajctaewkdYaMumifh rsm;rsm;pm;pm; avhvmrIrjyK&bJ trSefw&m;udk vufcHEkdifcJhygw,f/ wAfvD*fjyKvkyfNyD; wpfvtMumrSmyJ bdkiftwf,lcJhygw,f/ bdkiftwf,lNyD; aemuf ol[m tdyfrufrSm tckvdk jrifcJh&w,fvdkY qdkygw,f/ ]tGwfufbm} AvDtwGif;rSm ol[m tcsdKUaom qG[mbmBuD;rsm;ESihftwl ermZf 0wfjyKvsuf&SdaMumif;? tm;vHk;[m 0wfjzLpifMu,fudk qifjref;xm;aMumif;? ermZf0wfjyKcsdefrSm ol[m 0dnmOfa&;&mtajctaerSm&SdaMumif; ajymjyyg w,f/ uG,fvGefol[m 'DtdyfrufaMumifh tvGefaysmf&TifaecJhygw,f/ NyD;awmh olu ]'Dtdyfruf[m uRefawmf bdkiftwf,lzdkY qHk;jzwfvdkufwm rSefuefw,fqdkwJh oufaoyJ}vdkY ajymavh&Sdygw,f/ 'gayrJh olY&UJ usdK;EGHESdrfhcsrIaMumifh rdrd[m wu,fyJ qG[mbmawGeJY ermZf0wfjyKEdkifwJh tqifh&Sd&JUvm;qdkwmudk tNrJwrf;ar;avh&Sdygw,f/ b,fae&mudka&muf a&muf wAfvD*fvkyfygw,f/ b,fvdkaMumufpdwfrQr&Sdovdk? b,fvdk tjypfqpdk um;udkrSvnf; *½krxm;cJhygbl;/ 'ghtjyif ol[m tvGeftpGef;a&mufwJh vltkyfpkawG&Sd&ma'orSm aexdkicf Jhol jzpfygw,f/ xdka'ou vlawG[m rdrdwdkYt,ltqeJY qefYusif wJh pum;wpfcGef;udak wmif Mum;vdo k lawG r[kwfygbl;/ 'Dvkda'orsdK;rSm ol[m wAfvD*fjyKvkyfcJhwmjzpfygw,f/ ol[m a0'emudk jyif;xefpGm cHpm;ae&ayrJhvnf; *srmtwfeJY tquftoG,f rjywfcJhygbl;/ tNrJwrf; avhvmqnf;yl;rIxJrSm&SdNyD;


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 31

oufaotaxmuftxm;awGudk oif,lygw,f/ NyD;awmh El;nHhcsdKom pGmjzifh xkdtaMumif;t&mawGudk jyefvnfqifhyGm;ajymjyygw,f/ ol[m pdwfESvHk;El;nHhol? odrfarGYoltjzpf xif&Sm;ygw,f/ olu rdrd&JU a0'em[m rdrdtwGuf b,fvdktwm;tqD;rSr[kwfbl;? b,folyJrqdk rqD[f armftl;'f()&JU owif;pum;udk ydkYaqmifrIrSm yg0ifaqmif&GufEdkifw,fvdkY tNrJ ajymavh&Sdygw,f/ wAfvD*fvkyfwJhtcg? [mZ&wf rqD[farmftl;'f()taMumif;udk ajymwJhtcg olY&JU rsufvHk;awGrSm rsuf&nf0dkif;vmwwfygw,f/ rSefaom pum;udkajymwJhtcgrSm tNrJwrf; &J&J&ifh&ifh rwGefYrqkwfajymwwfygw,f/ 'Davmuf ydefydefyg;yg; vlwpfa,mufu 'Dvdkpum;udk ajym0Hhygvm;qdkwm em;axmifaeolawGawmif pOf;pm;r&jzpfMu&ygw,f/ rdom;pku t[fr'Dr[kwfwmaMumifh oluG,fvGefwJhtcg olY&JUtdrfom; awGu ½kyfuvmyfudk ,laqmifoGm;cJyh gw,f/ 'gaMumifh xdka'ou t[fr'DawGvnf; *semZmzwfcGifhr&cJhygbl;/ aemufydkif;rS olYtwGuf ]*semZmCmtdAf} 0wfjyKcJhMuygw,f/ ,aeY uRefawmfwkdYvnf; olYtwGuf ]*semZmCmtdAf} 0wfjyKrSmjzpfygw,f/ ][meDwm[d&}f qm[dbfu a&;om;ygw,f/ ]uG,fvGefol[m tvGef jzLpifwJh t[fr'DwpfOD;jzpfygw,f/ 2009 ckESpfrSm tm&AD website a&;qGJzkdY uRefawmfrtm;vyfaMumif;ajymjywJhtcg olu ]uRefawmhfqDudk taMumif;t&mawGom ydkYay;vdkufyg? usefwmudk uRefawmfudk,fwdkifyJ vkyfvdkufyghr,f}vdkY ajymygw,f? 'DvdkeJY ol[m tvGefvSywJh website wpfck jyKvkyfay;cJhygw,f/} ol[m *srmtwfvkyfief;awGrSm pdwfyg0ifpm;rI? pdwftm;wuf<urIawGudk azmfjyavh&Sdygw,f/ NyD;awmh *srmtwftusdK;jyKvdkwJh jyif;jywJh pdwfqE´udk vnf; zGifh[avh&Sdygw,f/


wrefawmfjrwfrSwpfqifh awmif[D;'fudk em;vnfjcif; 32

r*sD;'ft[fr'fqm[dbfuvnf; a&;xm;ygw,f/ ]rqD[farmftl;'f() ocif&JU tk&f'lusrf;pmtkyfawG tm&ADbmomjyefqdkxm;rIudk ppfaq;zdkYeJY jyefvnfjyifqifrIvkyfief;rSm uG,fvGefol[m uRefawmfeJYtwl tusdK;jyKcGifh &cJyh gw,f/ 'DumvtwGif;rSm uG,fvGefol[m jynhf0wJjh zLpifo'¨gw&m;? tvGet f EkpdyfaomtjrifawGeJY tvkyfawGudk vkyfaqmifcw Jh m awGcY Jh&yg w,f/ 'gwifru ol[m tvkyfwm0ef wpfckudk tjrefqHk; NyD;pD;atmif xrf;aqmifwwfoljzpfygw,f/ olY&JU a&m*ga0'emudk b,faomtcgrS t[efYtwm; tjzpfrcHcJhygbl;/ ol[m 'Da&m*gawGeJYywfoufvdkY pum; awmif r[ygbl;/ rqD[farmftl;'f() ocif&JUa&;om;csufawGudk zwf½NI yD; rdrdrSm tvGefuHaumif;oljzpfaMumif;ajymvsuf tvGef 0rf;ajrmufaysmf&TifrIjzpfaewwfygw,f/ NyD;awmh rqD[farmftl;'f() ocif&JU oGefoifcsufawGeJY ÓPftajrmftjrifawGudk tm&AfawGxHudk tjrefqHk;ydkYaqmif&r,f? 'grS olwdkYvnf; tusdK;&,lcHpm;NyD; vrf;rSefudk &Muvdrfhr,fqkdNyD; ajymavh&Sdygw,f/ ol[m acwfumv cvDzmudk tvGeftrif; cspfjrwfEdk;oljzpfygw,f/} tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf olY&JU tqifhtwef;udk jr§ifhwifay;awmfrlygap/ olYudk oem;cGifhvTwaf wmfrlygap/ - tmrD;efà à à


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.