]tem*wfomoemESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;arQmfvifhcsuf}
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]tem*wfomoemESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;arQmfvifhcsuf} 1
]tem*wfomoemESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;arQmfvifhcsuf} (17 Jan 2015 – New Year and Future Hopes)
tuefYtowfr&Sd u½kPmxm;awmfrlí rawmif;cHbJay;oem;awmfrlaom t&Sif? tzefwvJvJ oem;Muifemawmfrlaomt&Sif tv’m[f\emrawmf jzifh (tpjyKyg\)/ <ua&mufvmMuwJh bmomomoemtoD;oD;rS "r®rdwfaqGrsm;tm;vHk; tay: xm0&bk&m;ocif tv’m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfrS Nidrf;csrf;jcif;&Sdygap aMumif; qkrGefaumif;awmif;tyfygw,f/ wpfqufwnf;rSmyJ xm0&bk&m; ocif tv’m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfrS aumif;csD;r*FvmESifh u½kPmawmfrsm; oufqif;wJh r*FvmESpfopfjzpfygapvdkY arwåmydkYEIwfcGef;qufpum; ajym Mum;yg&ap/ ,aeYvdk r*Fvm&Sdwt Jh crf;tem;rSm uRefawmfrsm; t[fr'D,m rGwfpvif tzGJYudk rSwfrSwf&& zdwfMum;NyD; wifjyajymqdkcGifhjyKwJhtwGuf txl;yif aus;Zl;wifygaMumif; t[fr'D,mrGwfpviftzGJYudk,fpm; ajymMum;vdkyg w,f/ ]ESpfopfESifh tem*wfarQmfvifhjcif;}qdkwJh acgif;pOfjzifh usif;yjyKvkyfwJh ,aeYtcrf;tem;rSm ]tem*wfomoemESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;arQmfvifhcsuf}qdkwJh acgif;pOfeJY wifjyoGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/ vlBuD;rif;rsm;cifAsm- rsufarSmufacwf vlom;[m ½kyfydkif;t& bufaygif;pHk u zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufaeayrJh ppfrSefwaJh ysmf&TifrIeJY pdwfcsrf;ajrhrIwdkY aysmufqHk;ae ygw,f/ tem*wftwGuf r,HkMunfEdkifavmufwJh aMumufrufzG,ft&dyf rnf;u eufoxufeufvmovdk vlom;twGuf twdwfrS tarG&vdkuf orQ udpöawGudkvnf; ,HkMunfudk;pm;rI qdwfokOf;vmaeygw,f/ pdwfrcsrf; ajrhrI? wkefvIyfajcmufjcm;rIeJY aMumuf&GHUpdk;xdwfzG,f tajctaeawGu wdk;yGm;vdkYomvmaeygw,f/
]tem*wfomoemESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;arQmfvifhcsuf} 2
wpfzef ,aeYacwf vlawG&JUbmoma&;avmuudkMunhfjyef&ifvnf; tvGef tHhMozG,f qefYusifbuftpGef;ESpfckodkY OD;wnfaewmudk awGY&ygvdrfhr,f/ wpfzufrSm vltrsm;pku bmomw&m;udk vspfvsLjyKz,fcGmoGm;aeMuovdk? tjcm;wpfzufrSmu tcsdKU½IaxmifhawGt& bmoma&;csKyfaESmifrIu jyif; xefvmwmawGY&ygw,f/ vlawG&JUOD;aESmuf? ESvHk;om;eJY vufawGYb0rSm w&m;"r®&JU rSefuefwJhoufa&mufrI tm;enf;vmNyD;? t,loD; tpGef;a&muf wJh t,ltqawGu pdrfh0ifysHUESHYvmygw,f/ tjyeftvSef onf;cHpdwfawG qdwfokOf;oGm;NyD; bmoma&;tpGef;a&mufrIawGu us,fjyefYvmaeygw,f/ tbufbufrSm ysufpD;rIBuD;pdk;aewJh acwfa&pD;aMumif;tjyif ckvdk bmom a&;tpGef;a&mufrIawGudk toufoGif;vmjcif;u Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf BuD; rm;wJhtEÅ&m,fwpfck jzpfygw,f/ 'ghtjyif t,loD;tpGef;a&mufrIaMumifh vGwfvyfpGm tawG;tjrifzvS,fcGifh? vGwfvyfpGm azmfxkwfajymqdk cGifhqdkwJh tcGifhtvrf;BuD;udk jyif;pGmtqdyfoifhapygw,f/ tusifhysuEf dkifiHa&;orm; awGu ckvdk xdvG,f&SvG,f tuJqwfwJh tajctaeuae rrSefruef tjrwfxkwfzdkYtwGuf tNrJtoifh&aSd eygw,f/ bmoma&;trnfcHNyD; ay:aygufvmwJh jyóemawG[m aemufqHk;awmh bmomw&m;&JU vSywJh yHk&dyfudkom xdcdkufapygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm rD'D,muvnf; ta&;ygwJh tcef; u@wpfckrSmyg0ifwmaMumifh rsufarSmufumvjzpfpOfawGrSm olwdkYtaeeJY bufrvdkufbJ w&m;rQwpGm &yfwnfoGm;zdkYvdkygw,f/ ,aeY bmoma&;avmurSmjzpfay:aeorQudpöawG[m uRefawmfwdkYtm; vHk;twGuf ylyifaMumifhMup&mawGygyJ/ bmom0ifaemufvdkufawGtMum; em;vnfrIvGJrSm;aewmukd z,f&Sm;zdkYtwGuf aumif;rGefxda&mufNyD;? tm;vHk; yg0ifwJh pkaygif;BudK;yrf;rIwpf&yfudk ,aeYtrSefwu,f vdktyfaeygNyD/ ,ckvdk BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIrSm uRefawmfwkdYtm;vHk;&JUvdktyfcsufudk ppfrSefwJh tpövmrfh oGefoifcsufu vrf;ñTefay;Edkifvdrfhr,fvdkY ,HkMunfygw,f/ 'Dvdk tajctaersdK;rSm ]tpövmrf}u vlom;wdkYarQmfvifhaewJh Nidrf;csrf;a&;
]tem*wfomoemESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;arQmfvifhcsuf} 3
twGuf tmrcHcsufay;xm;ygw,f/ ]tpövmrf}qdkwJh pum;vHk;&JUt"dyÜm,f [m ]Nidrf;csrf;a&;}jzpfwmeJYtnD tu,fpifppf ]tpövmrf}[m Nidrf;csrf;a&; udkwnfwHhapwJh omoemjzpfygw,f/ vlom;&JU&nfarQmfrSef;xm;csufeJY pdwf0ifpm;rI e,fy,ftm;vHk;rSm vHkNcHKNidrf;csrf;rI&SdapzdkY tpövmrfhoGefoif csufawGu tmrcHxm;ygw,f/ urÇmvHk;qdkif&m Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf bmomw&m;wpfcku tjyKoabm pGrf;aqmifay;EdkifzdkY&m yxrqHk;vdktyfcsufu tjynfjynfqdkif&m vrf;ñTefrI pepfudk ,HkMunfwJh omoemjzpf&ygr,f/ ]tjynfjynfqdkif&m vrf;ñTefrIESifh bmomw&m;rsm;pepf}qdkwm&JUoabmu vlom;rsdK;EG,ftm;vHk;[m b,f taoG;ta&mif&Sdap? b,frsdK;EG,fujzpfap? urÇm&JU b,ftpdwftydkif;rSmyif aexdkifonfjzpfap? olwdkYtm;vHk;[m wpfyg;wnf;aom xm0&bk&m;ocif &JU zefqif;cHawGjzpfaMumif;? olwdkY&JUbk&m;ocif[m wpfyg;wnf;jzpfwm aMumifh olwkdYtm;vHk;[m aumif;uif,H vrf;ñTefrIpepfuae tcGifhta&; wef;wl&cJhMuaMumif;udk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfygw,f/ 'DtawG;tjrifu trSefw&m;eJYywfoufvdkY bmomwpfckwnf;&JU oD;oefY vuf0g;BuD;tkyfrIudk vHk;0z,f&Sm;ypfvdkufygw,f/ rdrdwdkYxHrSmvnf; aumif; uifqdkif&m rSefuefwJhoufaoawG&SdaMumif; bmomw&m;wdkif;rSm a<u; aMumfcGifh&Sdygw,f/ bkef;wefcdk;awZm BuD;jrwfawmfrlvSwJh xm0&bk&m; ocifu urÇmajrwpfae&mrSm bmomw&m;wpfcu k dk pdkufxlcJhw,fqdk&if xdkonfb h k&m;ocifuyJ tjcm;tjcm;aom a'oawGeJY acwfumvawGrSm vnf; emrfw&m;qdkif&m vdktyfcsufudkjznfhqnf;zdkY&m pDrHawmfrlcJhw,fqdk wmudk tpövmrfu t<uif;rJhaxmufcHygw,f/ tjynfjynfqdkif&m vrf;ñTef rIpepfeJYpyfvsOf;vdkY usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef&JU rku©ygXfawmfwpfckrSm ckvdk vm&Sdyg w,f/ ]trSefyif igwkdYonf vlrsdK;tkyfpkwdkif;xHodkY wrefawmfwpfyg;udk apvTwf awmfrl\/} (16;37)
]tem*wfomoemESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;arQmfvifhcsuf} 4
wpfzef tpövmrf&JUwrefawmfjrwf rdk[r®'focif()udk&nfñTef;vsuf udk,fawmfjrwftjyif tjcm;wrefawmfrsm;pGm&SdcJhaMumif; usrf;jrwf uk&ftmefu ckvdk rdefYqdkxm;ygw,f/ ]xdkYjyif {uefyif igwkdYonf toifhtvsifuvnf; wrefawmfrsm;udk apvTwfawmfrlc\ Jh / ,if;wkdYteufrS tcsdKUESifhpyfvsOf;í igwdkYonf toifh tm; azmfjyawmfrlcJhayonf/ xdkYjyif ,if;wdkYteufrS tcsdKUESifhpyfvsOf;í igwkdYonf toifhtm; azmfjyawmfrrlcJhacs/} (40;79) wpfzef usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefrSm wrefawmfjrwf()udkowdjyKtrSwf&apzdkY ckvdk rdefYawmfrlygw,f/ ]toifonf owday;EdI;aqmfolwpfOD;rQomjzpf\/ {uefpifppf igwkdYonf toifhtm; trSefw&m;ESifhtuG owif;aumif;ay;olESifh owday;EdI;aqmf oltjzpf apvTwfawmfr\ l / xdkYjyif owday;EdI;aqmfol wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ vGefajrmufcJhjcif;r&Sdaom vlrsdK;EG,ftkyfpk[lír&Sdacs/} (35;24-25) vlBuD;rif;rsm;cifAsm;- trSefw&m;eJYywfoufvdkYwifjy&mrSm tpövmrfu tjcm;bmomw&m; awGudkrsufuG,fjyKNyD; rdrdwpfOD;wnf;vuf0g;BuD;tkyf xm;wJh a<u;aMumfaMunmrIrsdK; vHk;0r&Sdwmudk txufu rku©ygXfawmfawG u oufaojyaeygw,f/ 'ghtjyif bk&m;ocif[m urÇmavmu&JU ae&m a'owdkif;? acwfumvwdkif;rSm wrefawmfawGudk pOfqufrjywf apvTwf awmfrlNyD; vlom;rsdK;EG,ftm;vHk;&JU b0&yfwnfa&;eJY emrfw&m;qdki&f m vdktyfcsufawGudk jznfhqnf;ay;cJhaMumif; tvGefxif&Sm;&Sif;vif;pGm aMunmxm;ygw,f/ wpfzef urÇmavmurSm opömw&m;tvHudkifa&SUaqmifa&SU&GufjyKcJholawG [m rGwfpvifwdkYcsnf; omr[kwfbJ? olwkdYtjyif trSefw&m;bufawmfom; tajrmuftjrm;&Sdao;aMumif;? 'ghjyif bk&m;&Siftm; aMumuf&GHU½dkusdK;rI? ajzmifhrwfrSefuefrIESifh w&m;rQwrIwdkYuvnf; rGwfpvifwdkY twGif;rSmom&Sd wmr[kwfbJ 'D*kPfyk'fawG[m tjcm;bmom0if toD;oD;xHrSmvnf;&Sd
]tem*wfomoemESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;arQmfvifhcsuf} 5
aMumif; usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefu twdtvif;aMunmxm;ygw,f/ (7;182) urÇmhbmomw&m;rsm;tMum; nDñGwfaygif;pnf;rIjzpfapzkdYtwGuf 'g[m tvGefaumif;rGefwJh tawG;tjrifwpf&yfjzpfygw,f/ tjcm; bmom0ifawG eJYywfoufvdkY rdrdwdkYtwGif;rSm ,ckvdk us,fajymwJhtjrif? us,fajymwJh oabmxm;eJY pmemaxmufxm;rItawG;tjrifawG ay:aygufvmatmif jr§ifhwifrIrjyKvQifjzifh bmomw&m;aemufvdkufawGtMum; cspfMunfpGm twlaygif;pnf;aexdkifzdkYqdkwm rjzpfEdkifygbl;/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf bmomw&m;tm;vHk; twlwuGBudK;yrf;&mrSm a&SUodkY wpfvSrf;wdk;xm;wJh oGefoifcsufwpfck tpövmrfrSm&Sdygao;w,f/ tJ'gu tjcm;bmomw&m;awG&JU MunfndKav;pm;&myk*¾dKvfawGeJY olwpfyg;&JU ,HkMunfcsufudk xdyg;ajymqdkjcif;rjyKzkdY wm;jrpfjcif;jzpfygw,f/ olwpfyg;&JU jrwfEdk;,HkMunf&mudk xdyg;apmfum;jcif;[m Nidrf;csrf;a&;ysufjym;apwJh jyóemtm;vHk;&JU t&if;tjrpfjzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifhvnf; bmoma&;qdkif&m xdyg;apmfum;rIudk tBuD;qHk;jypfrItjzpf usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef rSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ 'gayrJh xdkodkYxdyg;apmfum;oludk oufaoom"ujzifh taumif;qHk; wkHYjyefwJhenf;vrf;udkom oifjyxm;NyD; udk,fxdvufa&muftjypfay;zdkY b,folwpfOD;wpfa,mufudkrS cGifhray; xm;ygbl;/ vlBuD;rif;rsm;cifAsm;- ,aeYurÇmwpf0Sef;rSm vGwfvyfcGifhqdkwJha<u;aMumfoH awGeJY jynhfESufaeygw,f/ 'ghjyif ]vGwfvyfcGifh}a<u;aMumfoHudk ae&mtoD; oD;rSm ½IaxmifhtpHkuae zGifhqdkvsuf&ySd gw,f/ ]vGwfvyfjcif;}qdkwm&JU tESpfom&? wefzdk;eJY ta&;ygyHkawGeJYpyfvsOf;vdkY vlom;&JUtodw&m;? qifjcifawG;ac:rIawG jrifhwufvmaeovdk ae&mwdkif;rSm vGyfvyfrI&JU vdktyfcsufudk tjyif;txef cHpm;odjrifvmwm[mjzifh a&SmifvTJr&wJh trSef w&m;wpfckygyJ/ vlom;&JU *kPfodu©mESifh cefYnm;rIudkwnfapzdkYtwGuf rdrdoabmxm;udk azmfxkwfajymqdkcGifheJY jzefYcsdcGifhawGrSm vGwfvyfrI&Sd&yg
]tem*wfomoemESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;arQmfvifhcsuf} 6
vdrfhr,f/ bmomw&m;wpfcku vlY*kPfodu©mtwGuf vdktyfcsufwpf&yf udk pdkufxlray;bl;qdk&if? 'ghtjyif vlom;wefzdk;udk umuG,fray;bl;qdk&if omoemqdkwJh trnfyifrcHxdkufawmhygbl;/ 'Dawmh tpövmrfuJhodkY omo emwpfcku vlom;&JU vGwfvyfpGm azmfxkwfcGifhudk wm;jrpfydwfyifw,f? vGwfvyfpGm ajymqdkcGifhudk qefYusifw,fqdkwm b,fvdkvkyf jzpfEdkifyghrvJ/ trSefawmh tpövmrfomoemu vGwfvyfpGm azmfxkwfajymqdkcGifhudk b,favmufawmif jywfjywfom;om; axmufcHtm;ay;xm;ovJqdk&if 'geJYtvm;wlOyrmudk tjcm;b,fae&mrSmrS &SmawGYEdkifrSmr[kwfygbl;/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef&JU rku©ygXfawmfawGudkavhvmMunhfr,fqdk&if- wpfzuf rSm vlom;u rdrx d ifjrif&mudk vGwfvyfpGmjyKvkyfajymqdkaewmudk awGY&rSm jzpfovdk? tjcm;wpfzufrSmu xdkojdkY yKvkyfajymqdkrIudk trSefvdkY,lqw,f qdk&if cdkifvHkwJh oufaotaxmuftxm; ,laqmifvmcJhzdkYom t&Sifjrwf u rdefYxm;wmudk awGY&ygvdrfhr,f/ (2;112? 21;25? 28;76? 37;157-158) odkYayrJh vGwfvyfcGifhqdk&mrSmvnf; tpövmrfu bufnDrQwwJh vGyfvyfcGifh udkom axmufcHtm;ay;ygw,f/ tpövmrf&JUoifjycsuft& ]vGyfvyfcGifh}qdk wJh taqmuftOD[m ]nDrQwJhtay;t,l}qdkwJh tkwfjrpfay:rSm wnf&rSm jzpfygw,f/ qdkvdkwmu- vlwpfa,mufu vlYtzGJYtpnf;rSay;tyfvmwJh wm0ef0wå&m;awGudk xrf;&Guf&rSmjzpfovdk? vlYtzGJYtpnf;uvnf; xdkyk*¾dKvftwGuf tcGifhta&;jy|mef;ay;&ygvdrfhr,f/ wcsdKUae&mawGrSm ]vGwfvyfcGifh}qdkwmudk vHk;0vGJrSm;wJhtoGifjzifh zGifhqdkaewmudkawGY&NyD; ]vGwfvyfcGifh}qdkwJhyHk&dyfudk yHkyef;ysufapavmufwJh toGifrsdK;eJY toHk;cswm awGudkvnf; awGY&ygw,f/ 'DvkdaMumifhyJ vGwfvyfpGmazmfxkwfajymqdkcGifh (Freedom of Expression)qdkwJh tvGefaumif;rGefwJh tcGifhta&;wpfckudk ½kyfqdk;tusnf;wef oGm;apygw,f/ qJa&;wdkif;xGmrI? tremyajymqdkrI? olwpfyg;&JU*kPfodu©mudk wdkufcdkufrIeJY pifMu,fjrifhjrwfvSwJh olrGefoljrwf awGudk xdyg;apmfum;rIawGu b,fvdkvGwfvyfcGifhrsdK;vJqdkwm pOf;pm;p&m ygyJ/ ,aeYacwfrSmawmh vGwfvyfpGmazmfxkwfajymqdkcGifh (Freedom of
]tem*wfomoemESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;arQmfvifhcsuf} 7 Expression)?
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]tem*wfomoemESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;arQmfvifhcsuf} 8
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