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ESifh Linda Horning wdkYa&;om;onfh “The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Fasting”
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c&pf,mefomoem wrefawmftDpm(t)onf wrefawmftjzpfa½G;cs,fjcif;rcH&rDtvsif Oyk'faqmuf wnfcJh aMumif;udk od&ayonf/,if;udkbdkifbvfrSm a,½Ionf c&pfawmfrjzpfrD Oyk'faqmufwnfavh½Sd aMumif; &SifróJ 4;2 wGifazmfjyxm;ayonf/c&pf,mefbmomwGif vefYxf [lonf tDpwmrwdkifrD tjypfrsm;rS aemifw&jcif; txdr;f trSwt f jzpf Oyk'af qmufwnfMujcif;jzpfonf/bdik b f vfwiG f Oyk'f aqmufjcif;ESiyhf wfoufí trsm;tjym;awGU½S&d onf/vltrsm;onf tajctaeoH;k rsKd ;wGif &ufaygif; 40 Oyk'faqmufwnfMuonf/odkYaomf ,if;odkY aqmufwnfjcif;rSm tavhtxwpfckr[kwfbJ tcsdKY aomtajctaersm;wGio f musio hf ;kH onfh omrmefr[kwaf omtavhtxjzpfonf/wrefawmf rd;k puf \ Oya' 10csuf vufc&H &Sjd y;D aemuf yxrOD;qH;k Oyk'af qmufwnfjcif;tavhtx jzpfay:vmonf/ (xGufajrmuf&musrf; 34;28)'kwd, Oyk'faqmufjcif;udk {vd,u {vd½SJtm; bdodwfray;rDtvsif bk&m;tm; zl;ajrmfawGUjyD;onfhaemufwGif jzpfay:vmonf/("r®&mZ0if 3?19;8 ½I )wwd, Oyk'fudk a,½I awmtwGif;ü½SdaepOf jzpfay:cJhonf/(½SifróJc&pf0if 4;2 ½I ) cufcrJ rI sm;ESiphf w d yf ikd ;f qdik &f mxdcu kd rf rI sm; ½Sv d monft h cg Oyk'af qmufwnfMuonf/Oyk'af qmuf wnfjcif;jzifh aMumuf½GHU½kdusdK;jcif;? ylaqG;aomu? pdwfxdcdkufrI? aemufw&&Sdjcif; ponfwdkUtm;jzifh bk&m;ocifEiS hf tquftoG,u f kd &&Sad vonf/rdr\ d tm½krH sm;udk Oyk'af qmufwnfjcif;aMumifh xde;f csKyjf cif;jzifh oefU&Si;f pifMu,fjcif;?jzLpifajzmifrh wfjcif; tjzpfoYkd qdu k af &mufavonf/xdjYk yif Oyk'af qmuf wnfjcif;jzifh cufcv J su&f adS omtajctaeudk 0dnmOfa&;&mtultnDjzifh vGwaf jrmufapEdik jf y;D bk&m; &Six f aH wmfyg;wGif uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh tajctaewpf&yfukd awmif;qd&k eftwGuv f nf;aumif; ?bk&m;&Sif tm; rdrw d v Ykd yk af qmif&rnfh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk MunfjzLpGmxrf;aqmifygrnft h aMumif; jyqd&k mtjzpf vnf;aumif; oufa&mufapEdkifygonf/({owm0w¬K 4;3 ½I ) a,½Ivufxuf zm&d&SJrsm;onf yHkrSeftm;jzifh Oyk'faqmufwnfcJhMuonf/xdkYaMumifha,&Itm; ol\om0ursm; tb,faMumifh Oyk'frapmifhoenf;udk ar;jref;onfwGif a,&Iu yHkjyifwpfyk'fjzifh Oyrmay;ajzqdkcJhavonf/(&Sifvkum5;33-39 )
Zdk½kdtufpwmomoem Zdk½dktufpwmomoemrSm tpövmrfrwdkifcif tD&efEdkifiHü ay:aygufcJhaom omoemjzpfonf/ bDp5D 49 rS 652 tMum;ESpaf ygif;axmifcso D nfu h mvrsm;twGi;f tiftm;Mu;D xGm;cJjh y;D yg&Se;f tifyg,m oHk;qufwdkif Zdk½kdtufpwmbmomudk EdkifiHawmfbmomtjzpfjyXmef; cJhMuonf/tmac;ar;eD;,ef; (Achaemenian Empire)
tifyg,mae vltrsm;pkjzpfonfh *sL;vlrsKd ;rsm;onf wrefawmfZ½kd t dk ufpwm
\ oGefoifcsuftcsdKUudk c&pf,mefomoem ay:aygufvmonfhwdkifatmif vufcHvdkufemcJhMuonf/ Zdk½dktufpwmomoemudk *&dbmomjzifh Zdk½dktufpwm[kodMuaom wrefawmfZ&mokpx&m u wnfaxmifco hJ nf/a½S;a[mif;tdE, d´ ESit hf &D efEikd if rH sm;½Sd bk&m;trsm;ud;k uG,Mf uolrsm;tMum; w refawmf Zd½k t dk ufpwmrSm bk&m;wpfyg;wnf; ud;k uG,af omoljzpfaMumif;ESihf olonfurÇmv h o l m;rsm; ordkif;wGif ueOD;a½S;usaom wpfql&Sif0g'Drsm;xJrS wpfOD;jzpfaMumif;od&onf/wrefawmf Zdk½dktuf pwmu t[k&rZf'g (Ahura Mazda) [kac:aom bk&m;wpfyg;wnf;&Sad Mumif;udk a[mcJo h nf/t[k& qdo k nfrmS bk&m;&Si[ f t k euf&jy;D rZf'g rSmrl OmPfynmtaygif;\t&Si[ f k teuf&avonf/xdaYk Mumifh Zd&k t dk ufpwmu bk&m;½Siu f kd OmPfynmtaygif;ESijhf ynfph akH omt&Si[ f k ac:a0:cJjh cif;jzpfonf/wref awmf Zd&k t dk ufpwmonf rnfonft h csed u f þurÇmajrwGif touf&iS af exdik o f mG ;cJah Mumif;udrk l rod Muacs/,ckumvwGifrl Zdk&kdtufpwmonf bDpD 1000 rS 1500tMum;wGif yGifhay:cJhaMumif; rSef;q Muonf/ 'DqmwD;&f (Desatir) pmtkyf odkUr[kwf aemufqHk;wrefawmf qpef \tcef;u@udkazmfjy xm;onfh rkvfvm[faz&kZfbifefaumifZf jyKpka&om;onf[k ,lq&aom 'DqmwD;&f ac: Zdk&kdtuf pwmbmom0ifwdkY\ rl&if;toHxGufusrf;pmESifh tus,fzGifhcsufusrf;onf r[mbwf (Mahabad) tcsed u f mvrS qpef tcsed u f mvxd ysUH ESUH cJo h nfh a&S;a[mif;yg&Se;f wrefawmfrsm;\ a&;om;csurf sm; ukd pkpnf;xm;onfhusrf;jrwfjzpfaMumif; a,bl,s,lq&ayonf/yxr &Sufqpef\usrf;pm (The Book of the Shet Sasan)
,Zf'ef ac: 0dnmOfa&;qdkif&mudk;uG,frItm;jzifh tdkufZufonf wpfyg;
trsdK;om;wdkYxHrS z,fcGmí woD;yk*¾vaejcif;?vHkYvOó[xkwfíaejcif; wdkYtjyif 0dnmOfa&;&m tajctaeay:wnfrí DS Oyk'o f v D aqmufwnfjcif;?w&m;xdik jf cif;wdUk udk jyKavonf/,if;odjYk zifh ¤if; onf ,Zf'ef ac: 0dnmOfa&;&mtajctaeudjk rifavonf/xdjYk yif xdo k jYkd rif&olwo Ykd nf w&m;rQwqH;k aom 'g'g&f (Dadar = God) ESifheD;pyf jcif;udk&av\/
uGefjzL½Syfomoem Revelation Rationality Knowledge And Truth
pmtkyfygazmfjycsuft& w½kwf
vlrsKd ;trsm;pkonf uGejf zL½Syb f momudk urÇmay:wGif 0dnmOfa&;&menf;vrf;tm;jzifh Asm'dwaf y;jcif;
cH&onfh omoemwpfck[k ,HkMunf,lqMuaomfvnf; tcsdKYurl 'óewpfcktjzpfom ,lqMu aMumif;?odkYaomfuGefjzL½Syf\ a½S;OD;umvua&;om;csufrsm;udk tao;pdwfavhvmygaomf þonf vlom;wpfOD;jyKvkyfEdkifpGrf;aom'óer[kwfonfudk vG,fulpGm oufaojyEdkifrnfjzpfaMumif; ?,if;'óeonf tedpo ö abmw&m;r½So d nfh bk&m;½Sit f m;om odik ;f jcKH &pfaxG;aeonfh tvm;wlyif xdkbk&m;&SifxHrS oufqif;vmjcif;jzpfaMumif;ESifh xdkbk&m;½Sifonf þpMu0VmavmuMuD;tm; pdk;ydkifawmfrlaMumif;?aumif;uifonf xdkbk&m;&Sif\xif;vif;&mjzpfonfhtavsmuf bk&m;&Sif udk,f wdkifonfyif wcgw&Hü aumif;uif,Hjzifhwifpm;rIjyKjcif;cH&aMumif;jzifh od&ayonf/ pwef;zdk'f 'óepG,fpHkusrf; ( Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - http:// plato.stanford.edu ) t&
uGefjzL½Syf\ yk*¾vdua&;&mrsm;udk Book X of the Analects (uGefjzL½Syf
'óeaumufEw k cf surf sm; pmtkyf eHygwf 10) wGif a&;om;xm;&mü olu Y kd tawG;tac:orm;tae ESiv hf nf;aumif;?q&mtaeESihf vnf;aumif;?tpd;k &0efxrf;tjzpfvnf;aumif; axmifrh sKd ;pHrk S avhvmpd ppfcahJ Mumif; wcsKd v Y rl sm;u xdak zmfjycsurf sm;udk (uGejf zL½Syf 'óeaumufEw k cf surf sm; pmtkyf eHygwf 10) tqifhjrifh yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;\ aexdkifjyKrl ajymqdkaqmif½Gufonfh "avhrSjzpfjyD; ,if;udk uGefjzL½Syf 'óetjzpf uifyGef;wyfjcif;jzpfonf[k ajymqdkazmjyMuaMumif; tpOftquftm;jzifh Book X of the Analects (uGejf zL½Sy' f óeaumufEw k cf surf sm; pmtkyf eHygwf 10) onf uGejf zL½Sy\ f toGit f jyif
udk ydkrdktuJjzwfEdkif&ef oifhawmfaeMumif; ,if;pmtkyftm; uGefjzL½Syfax½kywåd aMum½kd;taejzifh rSwfom;avhvmMuaMumif; atmufazmfjyyg tcsuftvufwcsdKYudk OyrmtaeESifh azmfjyay;vdkufyg onf/ á Oyk'faqmufwnf&ef tcsdefumvqdkufa&mufvmvQif ol(uGefjzL½Syf)onf csnfom;yg;yg; (vDeifom;)jzifh jyKvkyfxm;onfh tjzLa&mif0wf½kHudk 0wfqifonf/ol\ pm;aeus tpm;tpmudk pGefYvTwf&efvdkjyD; olaeYpOf xdkifaeus jzpfonfhae&mudkvnf; pGefYvTwf&efvdkonf/olonfpm;oHk;onfh tcg xrif;(qef)roefYonfudkvnf;aumif; ? tom;rsm;aooyfusepGm pOfrxm;vQifaomfvnf; aumif; jiif;qef uefYuGufjcif;r½Sday/(Lunyu 10.7, 10.8) ( http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ confucius/ )
á uGefjzL½Syfa&;om;csufrsm;pmtkyft&od&onfrSm bDpD 551-474 twGif; touf½Sifaexdkif cJo h nfh uGejf zL½Syo f nf pum;rajymEdik af om vlwpfa,muftvm; qdwjf ird v f suaf ewwfNy;D ½k;d ½Si;f aom opöm0g'DwpfOD;\ oGifjyif½SdaMumif;yif/ áv\yxrOD;qHk;&ufwGif ol\tay:0wf½kHudk0wfqifvsuf w&m;½kH;wGifxdkifavh½SdaMumif;?O yk'faqmufwnfonfhtcg olonf ol\0wf½kHrsm;udk jzLpifawmufyaeaponfhtjyif csnfyg;yg;jzifh
jyKvkyfxm;onfudkom0wfqifaMumif;?Oyk'fapmifhonfhtcg tdrfwGifrdrdxdkifaeusae&mrSajymif;xdkif avh & S d a Mumif ; azmf j yxm;onf / (http://www.international.ucla.edu/eas/documents/ lunyuCh10.htm)