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Final Design Booklet
Timothy Niou | (re)generative Design Studio | University of Oregon - Portland | 2014 Prof. Hajo Neis | Instructors: Vanessa Cass, Joshua Hilton
Table of Contents Thesis Problem Site Analysis Urban Intervention Building Design Heavy Timber Construction Model Photographs Acknowledgements Sketchbook
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Thesis Problem
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1852 | Chinese men were recruited to work in Oregon to mine for gold, build bridges, railroads, and tunnels 1859 | Oregon constitution barred Chinese from owning or buying property. 1880 | Portland’s Chinatown becomes the second largest Chinatown in the US behind San Francisco until 1910 1882 | Chinese Exclusion Act put into effect. 1894 | Flooding and discriminatory pressure forced the migration from the old location to the current location. 1942 | Executive Order 9066 signed by FDR during WWII 1943 | Chinese Exclusion Act repealed by the Magnuson Act when Chinese become ally in WWII 1949 | Alien Land Law repealed in Oregon 1976 | EO9066 rescinded by Ford. 1986 | Chinatown Gate erected 2000 | Lan Su Garden built and Festival Streets along Davis and Flanders installed
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There is a lack of Asian identity and culture living in Portland’s Chinatown. At the same time, there is a lack of a central community for the Asian population that have been pushed towards the edge of the metro area.
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Revitalize Chinatown by transforming it into a means to bridge the gap between Asian and Portland cultures through the threads of night life, diverse foods, and community.
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Active Night Life
Portland Culture
Diverse Foods Community
Asian Culture
Portland Chinatown
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Site Analysis
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FAR/Max Height: 9:1 / 350' North of Everett 6:1 / 100' 4:1 / 75' Half block fronting 3rd The Central Commercial (CX) zone is intended to provide for commercial development within Portland's most urban and intense areas. A broad rangea of uses is allowed to reflect Portland's role as a commercial, cultural and governmental center. Development is intended to be very intense with high building coverage, large buildings, and buildings placed close together. Development is intended to be pedestrian-oriented with a strong emphasis on a safe and attractive streetscape.
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Of the twelve blocks within the Chinatown boundary, roughly 33% of the footprint belongs soley to parking.
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The boundaries between Chinatown and Japantown are blurred due to historical occupancy of the same blocks.
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Oldtown / Chinatown lacks an affordable option for fresh produce that the proposed site can provide.
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There are six schools that are either within a quarter-mile radius of the proposed site in Chinatown or a half-mile from NW Davis St.
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Urban Intervention
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Extending the existing Festival Street on N. Davis St from the North Park Blocks to the Waterfront Park will provide a strong thread between the Pearl District and Oldtown/Chinatown, increasing pedestrian traffic and a stronger sense of community. Furthermore, applying the same pedestrian street paving of the Festival Streets throughout the Chinatown blocks will help increase the visual identity and boundary of Chinatown.
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Residential Blocks
Unassisted Senior Housing Low - Income/Student Housing Market - rate Housing Family Housing
Cultural / Civic Blocks
Conflict Resolution Center Chinatown/Japantown Museum Arts Center
Commercial Blocks Grocery Market Night Market Restaurants Retail and Offices
Gate Blocks
Gate Park Welcome Center 25
Existing street condition
New street condition Connecting the North Park Blocks to the Waterfront Park is a crucial urban move to help revitalize the Oldtown/Chinatown District, transforming the Park Blocks into a bridge between the Pearl and Oldtown/Chinatown districts instead of a barrier. By extending the festival street along Davis St to both parks (and potentially beyond), a stronger pedestrian friendly connection can be made. 26
Remove existing building
Create park space
One of the critical components of a successful neighborhood/district is to have a successful entry. The current situation of the Chinatown Gate is currently overshadowed by a building that is right next to it. By removing this part of the building and taking advantage of the empy lot on the adjacent side, the gate can stand out more prominently. 27
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Increasing urban density is vital to the successful growth of Portland. As more people move to the city from both out of town as well as from the suburbs, higher density housing will be needed. Chinatown is vastly underutilizing the allowed max height and FAR as currently zoned by the city.
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Building Design
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The Portland Chinatown Community Market strives to revitalize the area by bringing together the common threads between Asian culture and Portland culture of night life, diverse foods, and sense of community. The building is comprised of four primary components: 1) Night Market 2) Grocery Market 3) Community Recreational Center 4) Language Immersion School Together they will act as an anchor and catalyst for the revitalization of Chinatown.
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200’
Main Chinatown Spine
4th Ave
5th Ave
200’
TriMet MAX Line
Davis St
Couch St
Standard Portland City Block
Heavy foot traffic from both sides of block creates two main entrances
Sunlight
Sunlight
100’
Couch St
Davis St
Increase urban density to approach max building height and FAR 34
Couch St
Davis St
Allow natural light to reach Davis St during the summer when the sun is uncovered
Couch St
Davis St
Tilt shed roof towards the south for potential solar utilization while allowing for diffused daylight to enter the space
Night Market Stalls
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Night Market storage
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Retail 4
Back of House Service
Retail
Produce Market Place 3
Retail 2
Retail 1
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8’
32’ 16’
48’
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2nd Floor Plan
3rd Floor Plan
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32’ 16’
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48’
4th Floor Plan
7th Floor Plan
8’
32’ 16’
48’
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NW Couch St
NW Davis St
Community Market / Grocery Community Recreation Center Language Immersion School Library and resource Center Asian Night Market Parking and storage
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Open - Community Market / Grocery
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Open - Language Immersion School
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Open - Community Recreation Center
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Open - Asian Night Market
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Closed - Service/Prep Hours
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Open - Library and resource Center
Closed - Unoccupied
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East Elevation
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8’
32’ 16’
48’
South Elevation
8’
32’ 16’
48’
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West Elevation
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8’
32’ 16’
48’
North Elevation
8’
32’ 16’
48’
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Heavy Timber Construction
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Many traditional Asian buildings were constructed soley out of timber, including the joints reaching heights up to nine storeys. A lot of these buildings have survived countless earthquakes and other natural disasters where their modern-day steel / concrete counterparts could not. With the recent advancement of wood technology, there is a strong push for wood construction.
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rahmen jeweils an der vorherigen Achse als »Schablone« vertikal vormontiert und aufgestellt. Zu Beginn wurden an exakt eingemessenen Konsolen der südlichen Gebäudewand die erste Hälfte der zweiteiligen Zangen fixiert, dann die vier Stützen mit den vormontierten Buchensperrholzdübeln in die fünf übereinander (f)liegenden Zangen eingeschoben. Abschließend wurden die zweite Reihe Zange montiert. Direkt an der fertiggestellten Achse wurde der zweite Rahmen zusammengesetzt. Der Mobilkran hob das gesamte 25 Tonnen schwere Rahmenelement um wenige Zentimeter an und versetzte es in die finale Position in der nächs-
und die Toleranzen beim Anheben umkehren, entstanden Knackgeräusche, bis die Kontaktflächen wieder voll anlagen. Der Rahmen wurde mit leichtem Winkel zur Vertikalen gehalten, sodass sich die ovalen Koppelstäbe zwischen den einzelnen Rahmen Geschoss für Geschoss von unten einführen ließen; dabei wurde der Rahmen immer mehr in die Vertikale gestellt. Die Deckenelemente wurden ebenfalls achsweise über alle Geschosse eingefügt. Da das Mittelfeld circa 3,5 mal so weit spannt wie die Außenfelder, hoben sich die Außenstützen leicht an, bis der biegesteife Dachbinder aufgesetzt war und die Stützen durch das
Daran anschließend begann die Montage der Fassade. Im zweijährigen Gesamtterminplan standen für den Holzbau vier Monate zur Montage und anschließend zwei Monate für den Innenausbau zur Verfügung. Der Terminplan ließ sich durch parallel laufende Arbeiten optimieren, unterstützt auch durch die vertikale Montageabfolge des Skelettbaus. So montierten die Holzbauer bereits an der ersten Achse, während noch der Treppenkern des Nordtrakts betoniert wurde. Und mit Folgegewerken konnte im Haupttrakt bereits begonnen werden, obwohl der Nordtrakt noch nicht montiert war. Konstruktive und atmosphärische Qualitäten des Baustoffs Holz Das außergewöhnliche Tragwerk des neuen Tamedia-Gebäudes zeigt die Qualitäten des Baustoffs Holz und ist eine bemerkenswerte Referenz für einen Holzbau im urbanen Kontext. Neben der konstruktiven Lösung eines Holzbaus, der weitestgehend auf Stahl verzichtet, ist es vor allem die Atmosphäre im Gebäudeinneren, die Mitarbeiter wie Besucher fasziniert: die gehobelte und nicht weiter nachbehandelte Oberfläche des Holztragwerks schafft eine warme, angenehme Raumwirkung. Das Projekt setzt die Idee von Einfachheit und Klarheit in einen präzisen Bausatz als konstruktives System um und verbindet digitale Technologie in Planung und Fertigung mit dem natürlichen Charakter des Baustoffs Holz.
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The primary structural system of the building is similar to Shigeru Ban’s Tamedia Office Building in Zurich, Switzerland. Single glulam columns are flanked by a pair of double beams that are pinned together by the cross beams.
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Grundriss Erdgeschoss Maßstab 1: 500 Montage der Zangen Die Holzrahmen wurden achsenweise aufgerichtet Anlieferung der Dachträger Einsetzen der ovalen Koppelstäbe Dachträger Maßstab 1:100 – der biegesteife Rahmen überspannt die gesamte Gebäudebreite von 17,38 m; die obersten Stützensegmente tragen keine Last.
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Ground floor plan scale 1:500 Assembly of beam pairs Timber frames, erected per column line Roof truss delivery Assembly, oval girders Roof truss scale 1:100 – the rigid frame spans the entire building width of 17.38 m; the top column segments are non-load-bearing
Carbon Estimator Results
Carbon Estimator Results
Project Na Date:
Volume of wood products used: 210 cubic meters (7280 cubic ft) of lumber and sheathing U.S. and Canadian forests grow this much wood in:
Detailed li
1 minutes
determine
Carbon stored in the wood:
Reference
160 metric tons of carbon dioxide
related to
Avoided greenhouse gas emissions: 330 metric tons of carbon dioxide Total potential carbon benefit: 490 metric tons of carbon dioxide
Equivalent to: 94 cars off the road for a year
Energy to operate a home for 42 years
TheProject embodied energy of local timber Name: Market 33 tends lower Date: to be much March 9, 2014 than that of Volume of wood products used: 210 cubic meters (7280 cubic ft) of lumber and sheathing traditional steel and/or concrete Results from this tool are estimates of average wood volumes only. U.S. and Canadian forests grow this much wood in: Detailed life cycle assessments (LCA) are required to accurately construction. 1 minutes determine a building's carbon footprint. Please refer to the
Carbon stored in the wood:
References and Notes' for assumptions and other information
160 metric tons of carbon dioxide
related to the calculations.
Avoided greenhouse gas emissions: 330 metric tons of carbon dioxide Total potential carbon benefit: 490 metric tons of carbon dioxide
Equivalent to: 94 cars off the road for a year
Energy to operate a home for 42 years
Results fro
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The primary floor system is composed of corrugated cross-laminated-timber (CLT) to provide room for easier ductwork and wiring. Each CLT panel is an 8’ x 30’ piece so that they can be transported via freight with relative ease.
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Floor Finishing Material 3-ply CLT Panels L-Bracket Insulation Utility Chase Furring Strip Radiant Heading Panels 1” x 12” Ceiling Panels 6” x 18” Beam
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Char Layer Pyrolysis Zone Normal Wood
Heavy timber resists fire very well. When it burns, a layer of char is created, acting as a protective coating for the wood inside. Though the number of exposed sides affect the rate of charring, a general rule of thumb is that wood chars at about 1.5 inches/hour. In other words, a 1-hour fire rated member would need to be sized about 1.5 inches larger on all sides. This also removes the need to apply any environmentally harmful fire resistant layers.
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Shou-sugi-ban is a Japanese technique that burns wood siding to a charred finish. Depending on the process, there are a variety of textures that can be created. Typically, this process will also help seal the wood.
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Model Photographs
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Acknowledgements
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First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my family for supporting me through my graduate school studies. I would not have succeeded had it not been for their support, patience and encouragement. Next, I would like to thank my professors and instructors from the University of Oregon that have guided me throughout my architectural education: Prof. Gerry Gast, Adjunct Prof. Suenn Ho, Asst. Prof. Philip Speranza, Adjunct Prof. Suzanne Zuniga, Prof. Don Genasci, Prof. Hajo Neis, and Instructors Vanessa Cass and Josh Hilton. Their wealth of knowledge and constant push for me to do better have been crucial in my studies. I would also like to thank my fellow colleagues that have helped me develop as a person and future architect: Grace Aaraj, Jesse Alvizar, Srivarshini Balaji, Haley Blanco, Alan Chou, Josemi Cornejo, Natalie Cregar, Charley Danner, Vijayeta Davda, Jackie Davis, Tim Dudley, Nigel Fenton, JD Gutermuth, Kendra Hexberg-Fitzwater, Danielle Hoet, Brett Kilgore, Beth Lavelle, Adam Lawler, Annie Ledbury, John Maternoski, Espirito Meller, Benjamin Nelson, Eric Nielson, Kaeli Nolte, Brett Olds, Jenna Pairolero, Alina Prassas, Eli Rosenwasser, Wilfredo “Fabio� Sanchez, Justin Sant, Talisa Shevavesh, Sam Sudy, and Tina Wong. Their constant insights and contributions to my projects as well as their company outside of studio have helped keep me sane. Finally, I would like to thank my constant companion, Timputor, a Toshiba Satellite A665 laptop. It has withstood a great deal of abuse and stress from process-heavy renderings and design programs. 67
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Sketchbook
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