www.todayszaman.com, June 1, 2008

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Women in Turkish media fight an uphill battle and are the first to lose their jobs in Turkey during crises

11

08

Babacan’s ‘Muslim majority’ remarks spark religious freedoms debate

Exhibition chronicles the history of paper money

YO U R WAY O F U N D E R S TA N D I N G T U R K E Y

Featurýng News and Comment from

SUNDAY, JUNE 1, 2008 WWW.SUNDAYSZAMAN.COM YTL 1.50

SCANDAL

Turkýsh neo-natýonalýsts and global ultra-natýonalýsts form an axýs of evýl KERÝM BALCI, ANKARA Why would Gündüz Aktan, a former ambassador and a declared nationalist, refer to both Carl Schmitt (1888-1985) and Schmitt's staunch critic, Leo Strauss (1899-1973), in the same article as sources of inspiration to define the current domestic political struggle in Turkey?

Aktan did this in his farewell article to the readers of the Radikal daily on June 9, 2007 and claimed that Turkey's situation coincided with Schmitt's view that

politics is a struggle of different lifestyles that can be fatal. Schmitt is known to be the ideologue of National Socialism, and Leo Strauss was a Nazi survivor who immigrated to the US to become the theoretician of the neo-conservative ideology. What brought these two unlikely bedfellows together and made them a source of inspiration to Aktan was their uncompromising antagonism against liberalism.

Schmitt believed that through its endeavor to reconcile opposites, liberalism was an effort to change the intrinsic characteristics of politics and

Strauss believed in "the continuation of the existing hegemony" by any means necessary. Schmitt believed that war is a way to keep the current hegemony so it has to exist to prevent the spread of liberalism. Strauss believed that "noble lies," robust internationalism, declarations of emergency, immunity from accepted rules and laws and, finally, the aestheticization of violence were all legitimate methods to preserve the standing hegemony.

Turkish neo-nationalists (Ulusalcý) do not have the intellectual depth of Gündüz Aktan, but their

operational strategies overlap with those of Schmitt and Strauss to such an extent that it is unexplainable without a link between the various embodiments of the Ulusalcý ideology -- such as the Þemdinli gang, the Red Apple Coalition, the Ergenekon gang and the Republican rallies -- and the two conflicting ideologues of neo-conservatism. The link is in human form: Michael Rubin, Daniel Pipes, Matthew Bryza, Barry Rubin, Zeyno Baran and Soner Çaðaptay (directly) and Dick Cheney, Paul Wolfowitz, Richard Perle and Robert Novak (less explicitly). CONTINUED ON PAGE 05

ERCAN YAVUZ, ANKARA

ALÝ ÜNAL

MEDIA

PHOTO

LESSONS FOR TURKISH PAPERS: HOW NOT TO REPORT SEXUAL ASSAULT

The publication last week of a transcript of a private meeting Republican People's Party (CHP) Secretary-General Önder Sav held in his office sparked a grand debate over wiretapping in Turkey that struck a chord in the recent memory of the nation, which has seen many a wiretapping scandal in years past.

While CHP leader Deniz Baykal claimed that Sav was being wiretapped, the Vakit daily, which published the transcript of the conversation in question, made a statement that openly refuted all claims about it: When a Vakit reporter called Sav, Sav was having a conversation with a guest in his office. However Sav forgot to end the mobile phone conversation and continued to talk to the guest in his office. CONTINUED ON PAGE 04

KURDISH POLITICS

E. BARIÞ ALTINTAÞ, ÝSTANBUL Challenging sexism in the Turkish media is not only an arduous task, but one that can be quite frustrating and even discouraging, particularly when one is dealing with how stories about rape and sexual violence are reported. By and large, reports of sexual crime in Turkey's newspapers include all the traditional patriarchal biases about rape victims, and in some cases these preconceptions about sex crimes are even adorned with a speck of male fantasy, say people set on changing these attitudes.

Various reports by women's groups indicate that people who have become targets of sexual assault are not shown the slightest respect of their privacy by most of Turkey's newspapers. Names and pictures are often printed and a pornographic undertone is hardly missing in between the lines. Since the '90s, the topic of rape coverage has been discussed extensively in newsrooms in the West, but this is hardly the case in Turkey, a country where even the withholding of names of raped individuals might be a luxury. CONTINUED ON PAGE 08

UNFOUNDED CHP WIRETAPPING FEARS INVOKE MEMORIES OF BUGGING PAST

DTP SEARCHES FOR A LEADER WHILE UNDER SHADOW OF PKK AYÞE KARABAT, ANKARA

Turkey needs to walk the talk on drought action

On the heels of a hot and arid 2007, Turkey is already experiencing low rainfall this year, with southeastern regions, where farming and livestock are the only source of income for millions, the hardest hit. In addition to calls for immediate action to relieve the economic loss incurred by farmers, Turkey's agricultural and agro-industry sectors are in need of long-term structural planning, experts argue. By ABDULLAH BOZKURT CONTINUED ON PAGE 06

Featuring news and articles from

The power struggle within the Democratic Society Party (DTP) between those who support a policy line that is independent from the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and those who think the party should follow the line of the PKK is intensifying.

Although both sides of this struggle accept the fact that the PKK and its leader Abdullah Öcalan, who is serving a life sentence, have had a determining effect on the DTP, the debate is between remaining the only political wing of the PKK or following relatively independent policies and acting within the context of political traditions in Turkey. CONTINUED ON PAGE 03

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S14-01-06-08.qxd

30.05.2008

23:43

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S U N D AY, J U N E 1 , 2 0 0 8

HALUK ÖZDALGA*

Solar energy constitutes the very basis of the world's climate system. Today 30 percent of the light from the sun, whose energy totals more than 10,000 times the world's current energy consumption, is reflected by bright surfaces like deserts, snow and ice. The remaining 70 percent heats the world's water and land masses. Just like the sun, our heated globe emits its energy rays.

According to computer calculations, without the gas layer that we call the atmosphere, the world's average temperature would have been an unbearable minus 18 degrees Celsius. Thank God the atmosphere surrounding the globe keeps most of these energy rays in, just like a blanket, thus raising the average heat to an optimal level of 15 degrees.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and some other gases, called sera gases, play an indispensable role in this process. Sera gases, while allowing penetration of solar rays owing to their short wavelength, resend most rays emitted from the globe.

Turkey: Europe's only holdout on Kyoto Unlike our world, the average temperature on Mars is minus 60 degrees Celsius simply because it is more distant from the sun and its thin atmospheric layer does not include sera gases. In contrast, the average temperature on Venus, whose atmosphere includes large amounts of sera gases, is around a searing 470 degrees Celsius. As a result of the intense human activities accompanying rapid industrialization, the amount of sera gas emissions has significantly pushed up the earth's average temperature (global warming). This naturally affects earth's delicate environmental and climatic balances, including rain and air movements. The world is currently facing a serious challenge of total climate change. Here I will not go into detail about the global problems such as warming, rising sea levels, droughts, cyclones and other threats, as a number of scholars, including Nobel laureates, continue to stress these issues. But it is undeniable that along with terrorism, climate change is one of the top issues dominating international discussions on the global level.

Legal and diplomatic work to counter global climate change is carried out under the United Nations Climate Change Framework Agreement.

The famous pact of this framework agreement is the Kyoto Protocol, which calls on its signatory states to reduce the amount of sera gases emitted by industrialized countries. To date 179 countries have ratified the protocol, which was signed in 1997 and came into force in early 2005. These include about 140 developing countries, including China, Brazil and India. The few countries that have not ratified the protocol include the US. For this reason, the EU has assumed the mantle of leadership in efforts against global climate change. There are 16 other countries that have failed to ratify Kyoto, including Turkey, Chad, Timor, Zimbabwe, Iraq and Afghanistan. No European country besides Turkey has declined to ratify Kyoto. The implementation of Kyoto will be over by 2012, but a new protocol to replace it covering the period from 2013 to 2020 will probably be passed at the Copenhagen Conference in 2009.

Misinformation on Kyoto's cost It is high time that Turkey ratifies Kyoto, and along these lines it should be noted that frequent statements by some officials on the protocol's cost have been inaccurate. Turkey has no emission reduction obligations, and it will incur none even when it becomes party to Kyoto. As such, there will be no cost at all. This is made clear under international law; by ratifying Kyoto, Turkey will not be obligated to reduce its emissions of sera gases until after 2012. For this reason, Kyoto's price tag is zero. The much-hyped cost estimates by some officials lack any scientific basis. Besides, what should be kept in mind are not simple cost figures but the bottom line under cost-benefit analysis.

It remains unclear what obligations countries will assume post-2012. These obligations will be determined in the negotiations to be completed by the 2009 conference. But due to its failure to ratify the protocol, Turkey lacks an effective voice or influence over the course of these negotiations.

When it ratifies Kyoto, however, Turkey will have the opportunity to take a more assertive and a more effective stance in the negotiations. We should bear in mind that during these negotiations, there is no way Turkey would be subject to impositions.

However, by forsaking a seat at the negotiating table, Turkey is creating a risky situation for itself.

REUTERS

Hýgh týme to ratýfy Kyoto

14 SUNDAY’S ZAMAN

After the political decision is taken, the process for Turkey's official accession to Kyoto will take some months. It must first be discussed and endorsed by the relevant parliamentary commissions and then reviewed by the full Parliament, which will make a final decision on the matter. Following the deposition of ratification documents to the United Nations, there will be a 90-day waiting period. A conference set to take place in Poland will be an important venue for the discussion of the new post2012 regime. Taking part in this conference as an official party would clearly be to Turkey's advantage.

To do this, Parliament should ratify Kyoto before it goes on recess in July. Unless it intends to remain a bystander to the global struggle against climate change carried out under United Nations auspices, Turkey has no reason to postpone ratification of the Kyoto Protocol. Sitting out these efforts is not a realistic option. The Kyoto Protocol falls under EU legislation on the environment and for this reason, during Turkey's membership negotiations we will face pressure from the EU to ratify it. From this standpoint, the Kyoto Protocol may be compared to the issue of Cyprus.

Failure to ratify the most important framework agreement promoted by the UN would also not help to Turkey's ambition to secure a temporary seat on the UN Security Council for the upcoming term. In addition, it is already clear that the US president taking office next year, whoever he or she is, will follow a more constructive policy toward Kyoto. The US will likely ratify Kyoto or go into a firmer cooperation with the EU under this new president.

This would make Turkey the biggest remaining holdout on Kyoto, thus making it subject to considerable international challenges and pressure.

A negotiation strategy is a must Turkey is losing out in other areas due to its failure to ratify Kyoto. While China has received sizable funds through Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) to promote investments based on reduced carbon emissions, Turkey has been ineligible to benefit from this resource. Likewise, Turkey-based carbon certificates remain undervalued on international carbon markets. Recent years have seen important technological advancements in the capture and storage of carbon, and further advancements are expected in the near future. As Turkey's energy consumption is heavily dependent on fossil fuels and is likely to remain so for a time, it must try to take advantage of these innovative new technologies.

Ratification of Kyoto would not be the end of the process; quite the contrary, the subsequent months and years would require greater efforts and harder work. Kyoto is a complex international policy issue.

The issue is filled with complicated technical, diplomatic and legal aspects. The current negotiations between over 170 countries are being carried out between groups formed by different countries.

Turkey has to hone its standards and strategy in the negotiations so it can improve its performance over what happened in Bali last December.

The priority must be to form a negotiation strategy and work to gain inclusion in one of the negotiation groups. Turkey should also seek coordinated action that is in line with its EU candidacy. The negotiations should be headed by a politically responsible figure with a clear mandate. A separate unit responsible for climate change should also be set up. This unit, which needs to act to gradually become a national institution responsible for climate change, should closely cooperate with private sector and NGOs. I hope that the process to ratify Kyoto will soon be launched and that its ratification instrument is passed by Parliament before it adjourns. I strongly hope and believe that all parties in Parliament will extend their support for such a step, which would help Turkey's efforts for climate change actions and embrace sustainable development, and that positive results will emerge from this broad multiparty support.

PHOTO

*Haluk Özdalga is chairman of Parliament's Environment Commission.

TONY BLAIR*

The climate change bill that senators are to begin debating next week is a hugely important signal of intent on behalf of US legislators. Yes, negotiations could still alter the legislation.

But the bill's core proposition is correct: Unless the United States radically reduces its greenhouse gas emissions, along with other major emitters, the damage to the climate will be irreversible.

Radical reduction is unlikely to happen through voluntary action alone. Measures in the bill, through a mandatory cap-and-trade scheme, would reduce emissions 70 percent from 2005 levels by 2050. These cuts would be based on a carbon market incentive system that moves with the grain of action around the globe.

Over the past few years, the debate on climate change has shifted profoundly. The scientific consensus that human activity is causing global warming has become overwhelming. The effect of unabated climate change is shocking and, as was shown by the report of Sir Nicholas Stern -- the first authoritative study of the economics of climate change, commissioned by the British government in 2006 -- it is far riskier economically to ignore climate change than to act to abate it.

New environmental technologies, in fact, already drive a multibillion-dollar industry. Last year, an estimated $148 billion was invested in clean-energy technologies, companies and projects, a 60 percent increase from 2006.

Round the planet, people are developing exciting technologies, changing their behavior and agitating for action so that responsibility on the environment will come in a way that is consistent with necessary economic growth.

Meanwhile, fears over energy security create a synergy with the climate debate. With oil above $130 a barrel, there are reasons to act irrespective of concern for the atmosphere. Reducing carbon dependency also goes to the heart of our basic security needs for the future. I have long thought that energy policy is only a small way behind defense in terms of strategic importance to our way of life.

Much is happening abroad. Europe has introduced the Emissions Trading System, with over half of emissions now tradable; despite the early teething troubles to be expected from any new policy framework, the system is delivering emissions reductions and sending a clear, market-based signal to companies across the continent. Japan has indicated that it is open to a binding national target. China has already set new energy intensity targets. India is to unveil its first national climate action plan in the next few weeks.

Israel recently announced support for a project that aims to add 100,000 electric cars to its roads by the end of 2010, providing tax incentives that will make those cars cheaper than gas-powered cars as a first step toward moving completely to electric.

The Group of Eight major industrialized nations will have climate change high on their agenda at their July meeting. At the same time, President Bush will hold the Major Economies Meeting.

The Clean Development Mechanism, while also by no means perfect, has established a basis for channeling resources efficiently to finance emissions reduction across the developing world.

Clearly, many countries and companies are realizing that, far from being a detriment to their economies, acting early to cut emissions can increase productivity and give them a competitive edge. And it's not just outside the United States: A majority of US states have climate action plans and many American cities are already working toward emissions reductions.

Hanging over all of this progress, however, is a political reality: There will be no consequential action on climate change unless there is a global deal.

For that to happen, the United States has to lead to ensure that we have an effective agreement in which China and India take part.

Science shows that the world must move to a low-carbon economy. America could use its technology and entrepreneurial spirit to drive this revolution.

That's why the legislation sponsored by senators Barbara Boxer, Joe Lieberman and John Warner matters. It says -- and shows -- that America will act. It will allow the United States to say to others: You must act, too.

The UN process has produced the formula: There should be common but differentiated obligations for developing and developed nations. A great ambition, but what does it mean? That is the subject of the project I am leading that will produce its first report at the end of June.

Without an American commitment, a global deal is impossible. This is an important moment where the United States can show strong leadership.

If the United States commits to the 50 percent global target for a reduction in emissions by mid-century and to legislation that mandates action, it will transform the prospects for effective change. It would allow this country to shape the debate and, most important, the solution. I hope it happens. * Tony Blair was prime minister of Britain from 1997 to 2007. He recently launched the Breaking the Climate Deadlock initiative to promote a new global agreement on climate change. © LA Times Washington Post

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COLUMNS

SUNDAY’S ZAMAN 15

SUNDAY, JUNE 1, 2008

An undyýng výrus "The Basque separatist group ETA warned on Friday that its violent 40-year-fight for Basque independence 'will continue' if the Spanish government doesn't offer 'an adequate response to the root of the problem'…"

We read these lines in wire stories on Friday. Since the suspected ETA leader, Francisco Javier Lopez Pena, a hard-liner within the organization, was caught some days ago with five others, it became yet another reminder that separatist violence is a virus hard to kill, however sophisticated you may be.

Spain is lucky compared to Turkey. It has a relatively stable and balanced political scene. The citizens, including large groups of ethnic Basques, are engaged in one way or another in raising their voices against violence. Politicians, who refuse to be poisoned by another virus -- ultra-nationalism -- are trying all possible paths to bring it to an end.

The truth is that you can never quash the numbers of those who believe the armed struggle is justified and preferable to peaceful democratic means. You can only strike to minimize harm. So, 40-year old ETA objectives may remain to be referred to, with the hope that it will be limited to only a few outcasts, living in obscurity, alienated and on the run.

Meanwhile, a deeply worrisome development is, perhaps as

ANDREW FINKEL

YAVUZ BAYDAR y.baydar@todayszaman.com

expected, the 25-year-old campaign of Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) violence has spread onto Turkish soil. As the Turkish army continues to pound what it believes to be PKK strongholds or hideouts in mainly Kurdish northern Iraq, PKK militants seem to have chosen to confront the army units in many provinces. It is apparently more than a low intensity war now, judging by the reports coming from all over the region. The number of deaths indicates that the PKK presence is showing enough resistance to give the impression that it will be yet another hot summer.

It would be unrealistic to believe that the army leadership has not come to the realization that this problem should be solved solely through "military language." Strained as they are and will be -- contrary to the reality in Spain, where the official authorities have a strong national and regional majority on their side -- the Kurdish issue is much more venomous and open to all sorts of possibilities.

You would not want to be in the Turkish government's position. Squeezed to near paralysis by the judiciary in Ankara with a threat of closure and slow dismemberment, Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoðan and many government officials last week presented a package that many Kurds in the region apparently saw as falling short of their expectations. The package, though it sounded majestic, merely contained an employment scheme for 4 million people some time in the future without stipulating exactly when. The skepticism of the region's Kurds was somehow understandable: To them it sounded as yet another empty pledge, a gimmick in preparation for upcoming elections.

It is no secret that the gap between Ankara and the Kurds in general is widening at a very alarming rate. Signals from intellectuals, human rights observers and lawyers all tell the same story: Turkey is losing what remains of the confidence of its Kurds. Less and less have faith in Turkey's "democratic system," their hopes of an EU-related reform path fading rapidly. They have no other place to turn their eyes to but northern Iraq.

In the long run, unity is at stake and possible dangers are becoming more conspicuous.

The closure-threatened Justice and Development Party (AK Party) succeeded reaching a consensus against all odds within

No Comment

the National Security Council (MGK) at the end of April, passing a critical hurdle. For a month or so now, some skillful Turkish diplomats have been trying hard to establish a "confidence-building" atmosphere between Ankara and the Kurdish Regional Authority of northern Iraq. As the security dimension deteriorates in southeastern Anatolia, with fierce attacks by the PKK, relations with Iraqi Kurds remain utterly fragile.

Nechirvan Barzani, who agreed to talk serious business with Ankara, is warm to Turkey and understands realistically that Iraqi Kurds' only path to Europe is through cooperation with Turkey on all levels. But, what makes the dialogue fragile is the "imposed willingness" by Massoud Barzani, who somehow put a condition for continued dialogue and confidence-building on the Turkish army ceasing its attacks in northern Iraq. If something drastic happens on a large scale, there will be a return to square one.

Will the AK Party stop offering economic reforms and ignore the dimension of some well-thought-out amnesty package? Would there be a hope that the PKK will be "persuaded" to lay down its arms before such a move?

These are the key questions even if you wish for the military language to be sufficient. If prospects look gloomy even for Spain, a possible opening for a solution looks even more remote in Turkey.

GAZÝANTEP, AA

ihsan.yilmaz@todayszaman.com

a.finkel@todayszaman.com

Republýcan Gerýatrýcs Party versus neo-ýmams

The clash of Euro-výsýons Britain, the cradle not just of democracy but the fountainhead of fair play, was rudely shaken earlier this month when a Spanish documentary maker revealed a dark secret that had lain buried for some 40 years. Back in 1968, when the rest of Europe was gearing up for revolution, Britain was revving for the Eurovision Song Contest. The competition was being fought in London's Albert Hall and the bookmakers' out and out favorite was Cliff Richard's "Congratulations" -- a song that many of us are still able to hum. Yet he was pipped at the final post by the Spanish entry, "La, La, La," sung not in Catalan by Joan Manuel Serrat, but in Spanish by singer Massiel, brought in at the last minute after Franco refused to allow this dastardly display of separatism. In the weeks that followed, Serrat's music was banned, his records burned in the streets and he himself forced into exile.

This was not Franco's only foul deed. The revelation in the documentary "1968: I lived the Spanish Way" is that the generalissimo was so determined to win the Eurovision Song Contest, to improve his country's image abroad and hype a sense of national achievement at home that he dispatched corrupt Televisión Española executives with a mission to buy programs at inflated prices on the clear understanding this would also purchase Eurovision votes. In short, the contest was fixed.

Even then, poor Cliff only missed victory by one point.

Britain's nose for natural justice was again twisted out of joint in Belgrade this week when the Spanish entry, "Baila el Chiki Chiki," a Spanish rap song performed on a toy guitar, finished well up the field, ahead of Andy Abraham's "Even if," which finished in 25th place (there is no 26th). Britain's only consolation was that that even if it did not do as well as Turkey (which came seventh), it did better than Dustin the Turkey, the Irish glove puppet who could not gobble his way past the quarterfinals. Yet for veteran BBC commentator Terry Wogan, this was no consolation. Now Sir Michael Terrance Wogan, his is the voice that since 1973 has poked merciless fun at balladeers dressed in hip-length leather tea cosies, billowing clouds of dry ice, dancing pirates and laser pyrotechnics. Presenters have feared him ever since he branded a hosting Danish couple "Doctor Death and the Tooth Fairy." Yet the current contest appears to have exhausted even his good humor.

"At least the voting used to be on the songs. Now it is really about national prejudice," he said. To prove the point, the BBC declared Russia the winner five days before the contest, and when Ukraine put itself into second place by giving Russia the famous "12 points," Wogan described it as a politically astute measure "to make absolutely sure the old electric and oil keeps running." He finished his commentary by questioning whether he would have the heart to return next year and questioned whether Britain and "old Europe" should participate in a contest whose outcome was fixed by political bloc votes.

This show of pique has itself been greeted with another sense of humor failure by the Eurovision authorities, who questioned whether Britain, and along with it Germany, France and Spain, should now continue to get a free ride into the finals in exchange for providing the lion's share of the contest's funding. The Swedish head of the contest told the Guardian newspaper that Britain was at fault for not taking the event more seriously. And one can legitimately wonder if Wogan is not cracking under the strain of trying to make fun of something irredeemably ridiculous.

Far be it for me to mourn the passing of the Eurovision Song Contest from tacky earnestness to hopeless self-parody. Times change, and there are now entire generations who have probably never heard of Sandy Shaw or who, given the choice between singing the refrain of Lulu's 1969 ditty "Boom Bang-a-Bang" or slow strangulation, would be busy writing their wills. The music and lyrics may have been no less banal then than now, but there was always the sneaking hope that real talent, even if disguised in spandex lederhosen, could sneak on stage. It was the normally upbeat Wogan who warned us of a battle for cultural domination through the control of kitsch. Bismarck would be startled to learn that the great issues of the day are decided not just by blood and iron, but lashings of dry ice.

ÝHSAN YILMAZ

Odessa-Brody lýne revýtalýzed FÝKRET ERTAN f.ertan@todayszaman.com

Decreasing over dependence on Russian oil and pipelines is one of the priorities of the European Union. In this regard, the EU has been searching for alternative routes and supplies to satisfy its growing oil demand.

Caspian oil and its transportation to the EU without the use of Russian pipelines is one of those alternatives. It is viable and does not need much in terms of investment and effort because there is already a pipeline that connects the Ukrainian port of Odessa with the Polish border. It is called the Odessa-Brody line.

This line was at the center of discussions at the Caspian, Black Sea and Baltic countries' third Energy Summit, held in the Ukrainian capital of Kyiv last week. Attendees included the presidents of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Poland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania; EU Energy Commissioner Andris Piebalgs; and officials from 30 other countries, the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), World Bank and European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The summit examined the possibilities for creating new export routes and new energy sources for the EU. In the end the presidents of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, Poland and Lithuania agreed on steps to create a Euro-Asian Oil Transportation Corridor, something which is in fact about the extension of Odessa-Brody line.

Ukraine, which has the most to gain from the extension, also put forward a proposal for setting up an Organization of the Oil Exporting Countries (OPEC)-type gas transportation cartel for transporting energy resources bypassing Russia. This was a new idea voiced by Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko, and reactions to it were mixed. While Georgia applauded it, Azerbaijan remained neutral, and Poland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania --

all members of the EU -- asked for time to consider it.

Ukraine built the 674-kilometer Odessa-Brody pipeline in 2001, with the expectation it would compete with other routes, mainly Russian, for the expanding and lucrative job of transporting Caspian oil to Western markets. Azeri and Kazakh crude oil, a high-quality blend, needed to avoid being transported by the existing pipelines, where it could mix with the sour Russian-Ural blend.

Constructing the Odessa-Brody route, which starts at the Black Sea port of Odessa and ends at the Polish border in Brody, was seen as an ideal solution. The pipeline's first phase was put into operation in May 2002. It had a throughput capacity of 9 million tons, with the potential to reach 14.5 million tons annually.

However, upon completion the pipeline remained empty and unused for three years because Russia blocked Odessa access to oil from Kazakhstan. Assurances by the administration of US President George W. Bush to the Ukrainian side in 2003 that American companies would supply sufficient oil from Kazakhstan to Odessa did not bear fruit. Disillusioned by a lack of support and help from both the US and the EU, Ukraine was forced to reach an agreement with Russia on the reverse use of the new pipeline, whereby Russian oil would be pumped from Brody to Odessa.

This change of route from north to south of course dealt a major blow to the project's original aim to diversify pipeline-delivered oil supplies to the EU and reduce dependence on Russia.

In addition to this failure, the change of route also halted the planned extension of the pipeline from Brody to the Polish refinery at Plock and then on to the port of Gdansk on the Baltic Sea. Now, with the Kyiv summit's revitalization and endorsement of the extension of the Odessa-Brody line, a new chapter in EU energy strategy may unfold in few years' time, depending upon the determination of the parties, and it seems the EU is determined this time.

If realized, the line will decrease EU dependence on Russian oil and make Ukraine a major transport corridor for Caspian oil.

I have been planning to write on the discussions surrounding our great political sociologist Þerif Mardin's recent statements about how the republican elite and ideology has failed to fill the moral gap in the public sphere supposedly left by Islam's forced departure. Yet I cannot resist the temptation to write about the most recent and laughable fiasco from the Republican People's Party (CHP) vis-à-vis alleged politically motivated telephone tapping by the police. CHP leaders are so out of touch with the technological age that they failed to check the call log of Mr. Önder Sav's mobile phone to see if he really forgot to end a call so that a journalist could listen to his illegal political conversation with a civil servant. Instead, they accused the government and the police, who saved the prime minister from 12 recent assassination attempts and who successfully caught many terrorist gangs and junta members red handed.

Now, everybody is laughing at the miserable CHP leaders, who are almost all over 70, for it has become clear that Mr. Sav had indeed forgotten to end the call.

One does not have to be a political sociologist to observe that the CHP and its bureaucratic oligarchy are out of date and out of touch with reality. They still live in the fascist times of the 1930s. They are unaware of the remarkable developments that have taken place in Turkey. They still think that Turkey is full of illiterate villagers and that these villagers cannot survive if God-sent oligarchic Kemalists do not shepherd them.

As this backward mentality is still widespread among the older generations that include most bureaucrats, media figures and the Ýstanbul business elite, the bureaucratic oligarchy is fast becoming a liability for national security. These people are afraid of sociology.

They still think imams remain their stereotypical "imams" and teachers their stereotypical "teachers."

Starting from late in Ottoman times, our Westerneducated elite, being extremely impressed with Western technological achievements, simply carbon-copied Western history onto Turkey and pressured us to believe that, similar to the West, Turkey was backward because of the clergy who opposed science and every technological advance. Thus, the late Ottoman and early republican literature is full of mischievous, dirty, lazy, ignorant and devilish "imams" who, with the help of treacherous peasants, always conspire against the positivist and Westernizing teacher or civil servant, Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoðlu's -- one of the CHP elite -- novel "Yaban" being a prominent example. Yet the reality has never been like that. Even a cursory reading of Erich Jan Zurcher suggests the Ottoman ulama always backed developments and reforms. The ones who fiercely opposed Ottoman reforms were not urban religious people and the ulama but soldiers (especially the Janissaries) and some other interest groups who thought reforms would endanger their status, privileged positions and selfish interests. Every time they opposed these reforms, they shouted slogans, such as "We want Shariah [rule of law]." What a coincidence! Or should I say that history repeats itself? We can understand why the early republican elite needed a constitutive other in the early formation period. But 85 years after the establishment of the republic, if you continue to use the same false discourse, everybody will laugh at you. You may abuse your power and position to "convince" the masses, but you will end up dangerously harming national interests, as the Justice and Development Party (AKP) closure case has proven.

In today's Turkey, almost all imams are university graduates. Many of them have postgraduate degrees while some others are pursuing Ph.D.s. Many whitecollar professionals respectfully listen to these imams.

Imams are also good friends with the teachers who are no longer positivistic and staunchly Westernizing, but at peace with both universal and the surrounding community's values. And all these people, unlike the CHP leaders, who seem to belong to the geriatrics department of a hospital, are competent technology users.

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16 TODAY’S ZAMAN

SUNDAY, JUNE 1, 2008

LEISURE

tv guýde

Gregorian Calendar: 1 June 2008 C.E. Hijri Calendar: 27 Jumada al-Awwal 1429 A.H. Hebrew Calendar: 27 Iyyar 5768 calendar@todayszaman.com Today marks the Gawai Dayak Festival in Malaysia, which falls on the last day of the rice harvest. With centuries of tradition behind it, the rituals associated with this day involve communication with the spirit world, ancestor worship and feasting with friends and family from the whole community. The Gawai Dayak festival is celebrated by the Dayaks of Sarawak, who live in longhouses. Being one of the major festivals of the community, it is celebrated on a grand scale and lasts for a week. The Gawai Dayak festival marks the transitional period between the rice harvest and the new planting season. Hence, it is a reason of thanksgiving for the bountiful harvest and also a time to rest from work before the new season. The sound of boisterous laughter, convivial talk, drinking, dancing and merry-making will echo relentlessly all through the days of this exotic and colorful festival.

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‘88 Minutes’

88 MINUTES ÝSTANBUL: Niþantaþý Citylife: 11:45 14:15 16:45 19:15 21:45 Fri/Sat: 24:15 Caddebostan AFM: 11:45 14:15 16:45 19:15 21:50 Fri/Sat: 24:20 ANKARA: Cinebonus Panora: 12:00 14:35 17:00 19:25 21:50 Fri/Sat: 24:15 ÝZMÝR: Konak AFM Passtel: 11:45 14:15 16:45 19:15 21:30 ANTALYA: Cinebonus Migros: 11:30 14:00 16:30 19:00 21:30 Fri/Sat: 24:15

Today is International Children’s Day. Children’s Day has its origin in the World Conference for the Wellbeing of Children in Geneva in 1925. The June 1 date is of Chinese-US origin. In 1925, the Chinese consul general in San Francisco gathered a number of Chinese orphans to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival. This, of course, coincided with the conference mentioned above. June 1 subsequently fell in popularity in the US, though it experiences a revival a couple of years ago.

Today is Madaraka Day in Kenya. This day commemorates Kenya’s attainment of internal self-rule in 1963, following four decades of armed struggle. On this special day, Kenyans honor those who fought for the freedom of their country.

Today is Independence Day in Western Samoa.

A three-day celebration, this day commemorates the declaration of independence in 1962. Samoa actually

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CHIKO

ÝSTANBUL: Þiþli Megaplex Cevahir: 11:30 13:30 15:30 17:45 19:45 21:45 Caddebostan AFM: 11:20 13:40 16:20 18:40 21:00 Fri/Sat: 23:30 ANKARA: Ata On Tower: 11:45 13:45 15:45 17:45 19:45 21:45 Fri/Sat: 24:00 ÝZMÝR: Cinebonus Konak Pier: 10:30 12:45 15:00 17:15 19:30 21:45 Fri/Sat: 24:00

FUNNY GAMES US

ÝSTANBUL: Etiler AFM Akmerkez: 11:10 13:50 16:20 19:00 21:50 Caddebostan AFM: 10:50 13:20 15:50 18:20 21:30 Fri/Sat: 00:00 ANKARA: Cinebonus Panora: 12:30 14:50 17:10 19:30 21:50 Fri/Sat: 00:15 ÝZMÝR: AFM Passtel: 10:50 13:30 16:00 18:45 21:15

THE ORPHANAGE

ÝSTANBUL: Maçka Cinebonus G-mall: 11:30 14:00 16:30 19:00 21:30 Fri/Sat: 24:30 Kadýköy Cinebonus Nautilus: 14:00 16:30 19:00 21:30 Fri/Sat: 24:00 ANKARA: Cinebonus Bilkent: 11:45 14:15 16:45 19:15 21:45 Fri/Sat: 24:15

LA ZONA

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SHINE A LIGHT

ÝSTANBUL: Ýstinye AFM Park IMAX: 11:00 13:45 16:30 19:15 21:45 ANKARA: AFM Ankamall IMAX: 11:30 14:10 16:45 19:25 22:00

Sudoku

AP

Late last year, when I was playing Valve’s brilliant puzzle game “Portal,” I felt a weird sensation: Laughter. I’m not sure when I first noticed it; perhaps it was when the insane artificial intelligence that was tormenting me promised “grief counseling and cake” after my ordeal. What really threw me was the idea that a video game could make me laugh out loud. Nintendo’s Mario games can usually be counted on for a few laughs. And Sony’s Ratchet and Clank have become the medium’s most reliable comedy team. But most video games take themselves way too seriously. Would it kill the hard-boiled heroes of “Halo” or “Gears of War” to crack a smile very now and then? Once you’ve saved the world (again) in “Call of Duty,” don’t you deserve a little comic relief?

“Penny Arcade Adventures: On the Rain-Slick Precipice of Darkness, Episode One” (Hothead, for the Xbox 360): Jerry Holkins and Mike Krahulik have been producing the Penny Arcade Web comic, an acerbic take on the video game industry, for nearly a decade. “Penny Arcade Adventures” is a gutsy attempt to bring their sensibility to an actual game. As the game begins, your character’s house is destroyed by a giant robot. With the help of Tycho and Gabe -- Holkins and Krahulik’s alter egos -- you have to find out what’s behind the attack. Is it the vicious mimes? The demonic clowns? The stinky hobos? The jokes are wonderfully depraved (the clowns, for example, make squeaking noises as they die) and, for the most part, too raunchy for kids. The laughs are complemented by the strip’s distinctive art style, which makes this one of the best-looking games on Xbox Live Arcade. And the fighting mechanism is really clever, using a turn-based system that will feel familiar to role-playing gamers. The big drawback of “Episode One” is that it only takes about five hours to play. I hope we don’t have to wait long for the next chapter. Three stars out of four.

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PHOTOS

ÝSTANBUL: Maçka Cinebonus G-mall: 11:30 13:45 14:45 18:00 19:45 21:15 Fri/Sat: 23:00 24:00 Kadýköy Cinebonus Nautilus: 11:00 13:00 14:30 18:00 21:30 Fri/Sat: 23:45 ANKARA: Ata On Tower: 11:00 14:15 15:30 17:30 18:45 20:45 Fri/Sat: 24:00 ÝZMÝR: Cinebonus Konak Pier: 11:15 13:00 14:30 16:15 17:45 21:00 Fri/Sat: 24:15 ANTALYA: Cinebonus Migros: 11:00 12:45 14:30 16:15 18:00 19:45 21:30 Fri/Sat: 23:45

On the left, characters from “Penny Arcade” battle rabid trash cans in the video game “Penny Arcade Adventures.” On the right, the undead defend Earth from an alien attack in “Teenage Zombies: Invasion of the Alien Brain Thingys.”

“Teenage Zombies: Invasion of the Alien Brain Thingys” (Ignition, for the Nintendo DS): This goofy adventure deftly combines two B-movie threats -- the alien invasion and the undead uprising -- in a way that hasn’t been seen since Ed Wood’s “Plan 9 from Outer Space.” What if Earth were attacked by floating brains? Who better to stop them than zombies, who, after all, feast on gray matter? The three zombies who emerge from their graves are Lefty, who has one stretchy arm that lets her reach high spaces; Fins, whose tentacles enable him to climb walls; and Half-Pipe, a legless skateboarder who can squeeze through tight spaces.

You have to keep switching between the characters to hunt down all the brains, making use of power-ups like Fins’ flaming vomit and Half-Pipe’s hoverboard. There are also some wacky minigames, like a corpse-assembly challenge, and witty narration that captures the comic-book vibe. But

the fundamental gameplay gets repetitious after about an hour, and “Teenage Zombies” runs out of charm well before the final battle with the Big Brain. Two-and-a-half stars.

“Battle of the Bands” (THQ, for the Wii): This rhythm game adds an element of sublime silliness to the dueling-instruments competition popularized by “Guitar Hero.” The gimmick is that you don’t have to be a rocker -- you can control a hip-hop posse, a country combo, a mariachi group or even a marching band. The 30 songs in “Battle” have all been remade in all five styles, so it’ll take awhile to play through all the combinations. The gag wears thin in solo mode, but it’s a hoot at parties. The controls are much less sophisticated (and less expensive) than the “Guitar Hero” instruments. The end result isn’t as challenging as the more popular guitar games, but it offers a nice change of pace. Two stars. Washington AP

Cem Kýzýltuð c.kiziltug@todayszaman.com 478

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HOW TO PLAY? : The objective of the game is to fill all the blank squares in a game with the correct numbers. There are three very simple constraints to follow. In a 9 by 9 square Sudoku game: Every row of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order Every column of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order Every 3 by 3 subsection of the 9 by 9 square must include all digits 1 through 9

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Yesterday’s Solution

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Goldmax 07:35 The Ten Commandments: The Musical 09:45 Ice Age 11:05 Homeward Bound II: Lost in San Francisco 12:35 Private Benjamin 14:25 She’s the One 16:05 Hamlet (2000) 18:00 The Day After Tomorrow 20:00 Cocoon 22:00 Running on Empty 00:00 When Time Ran Out...

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became independent Samoa on Jan. 1, but because that was already a public holiday, the decision was made to hold another celebration six months later.

This is a massive celebration with singing and dancing, feasting, speeches, outrigger canoe races and a whole host of other competitions.

Today is the Festival of Roses in Kazanlak, Bulgaria.

The first rose festival in Kazanlak took place in 1903.

Starting from 1967 the Festival of Roses became a nationwide celebration. The celebrations concentrate in Rozovo Dolina, the Rose Valley. Three main events are interesting for guests of the festival: the election of the “Queen Rose,” the harvesting ritual in the rose gardens and the parade along the streets of the town.

Today is a national holiday in Tunisia, commemorating the promulgation of the constitution of Tunisia on this day in 1959. By Kerim Balcý

Ambulance: 112 Fire: 110 171 Police: 155 156 Maritime: 158 Unknown numbers: 118 Turkish Airlines: 444 0 849, U.S. Embassy: 0312 455 5555 U.S. Consulate: 0212 2513602-3-4 Russian Embassy: 0312 439 2122 Russian Consulate: 0212 244 1693-2610 British Embassy: 0312 455 3344 British Consulate: 0212 293 7540 German Embassy. 0312 455 5100 German Consulate: 0212 334 61 00 French Embassy: 0312 455 4545 French Consulate: 0212 292 4810-11 Indian Embassy: 0312 438 2195 Pakistani Embassy: 0312 427 1410 Austrian Embassy: 0312 419 0431-33 Austrian Consulate: 0212 262 9315 Belgian Embassy: 0312 446 8247 Belgian Consulate: 0212 243 3300 Egyptian Embassy: 0312 426 1026 Egyptian Consulate: 0212 263 6038 Israeli Embassy: 0312 446 3605

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30.05.2008

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SUNDAY’S ZAMAN 17

S U N D AY, J U N E 1 , 2 0 0 8

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AP

WOR L D

Barack Obama

Obama stands on brink of Democratic nomination So this is how the Clintons end - not with a bang but a whimper? By this time next week, Barack Obama will be the Democratic nominee. Yes, I’ve thrown a little salt over my shoulder, crossed myself a few times, and said 10 decades of the Rosary, but the laws of mathematics have to be worth something.

There remains the unknown quantity of the Clintons’ miraculous ability to produce high drama from delegate calculus -- “You can’t tell how far a frog will jump until you punch him,” Senator Clinton mystifyingly warned last week - but the overwhelming probability is that by the end of the week, Hillary will have to decide either to fight on, pointlessly, till the Democratic convention in August or make a nice concession speech and wait a few months, if Obama loses the presidency, before saying “told you so.”

By next Wednesday, all the votes from the primaries in Montana, South Dakota and Puerto Rico will have been counted and many of the dis-

puted Michigan and Florida delegates ceded to Clinton, but still she won’t have enough to win.

Obama will still need the support of the superdelegates -- party officials who have a vote at the convention -- to make him the undisputed winner. But there are many signs that the numbers he needs will begin to declare themselves in a wave after the final primary votes come in.

We still don’t know fully how the Clintons intend to respond to this extremely inconvenient truth. So far as I can tell, very few people have yet approached Her Majesty to ask what she actually intends to do. If you want to have a good idea of how dysfunctional and Bush-like a Clinton administration would be, that’s a good place to start: a leader whose closest aides are often afraid to talk to her.

But her departure - drama-laden or not - will transform the electoral scene. American presidential elections are somewhat different than British elections because they focus on two people alone. And with Obama and John McCain,

it would be very hard to imagine a more arresting or fascinating contrast.

You have in one corner the iconic figure of the late 20th century: a naval man, famous prisoner of war, torture victim and youthful lothario and trouble-maker. McCain is both a product of the West, Arizona, and of the military. And yet he is also extremely comfortable in elite circles, loves gabbing with journalists, enjoys the company of Hollywood moguls and stars, and feels uncomfortable with religious fanatics.

Despised by many hardcore conservatives, he would be the oldest ever first-term president, and closer to the Democrats than Republicans on issues such as climate change, campaign finance and immigration. Alternately charming and volcanic, conciliatory and dogmatic, he remains an enigma as a potential president, a job he wanted (and deserved) eight years ago.

Against him, we see a walking symbol of 21st century America. A mixed-race son of a single

Leaders set to tackle food crisis at summit next week It has been described as a global crisis pushing 100 million people into hunger, threatening to stoke social and political turmoil and set the fight against world poverty back by seven years. Now, the food price crisis will be tackled by world leaders who meet in Rome next week to seek ways of reducing the suffering for the world’s poorest people and ensure the Earth can produce more food to sustain an ever growing population.

“It’s time for action,” said Jacques Diouf, the head of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) who called the summit late last year before the full extent of the food price crisis was clear. World Bank President Robert Zoellick underlined the urgency of the problem, announcing $1.2 billion (609 million pounds) in loans and grant financing for countries struggling with food and fuel costs.

“It is crucial that we focus on specific action,” he said. “This is not an issue like HIV/AIDS where you need some research breakthrough. People know what to do.” A combination of factors, including poor harvests, low stocks and rising demand, have collided over the last one to two years to cause massive, sudden rises in many food commodity prices which very few people saw coming.

Food prices will remain high over the next decade even if they fall from current records, the FAO said in a report.

Diouf said he expected some 40 heads of state or government at the meeting on Tuesday to Thursday next week.

UN Secretary-General Ban Kimoon, who has set up his own task force, will attend, as will the leaders of France, Spain, Japan, Brazil, Argentina

and some African nations. Iran’s Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is also expected for his first trip to Western Europe as president and first major appearance in the West since addressing the UN in New York last year. Delegates from 151 countries can be expected to make worthy statements on beating poverty, but the talks may reveal divisions on several underlying food and hunger-related issues: free trade, biofuels and genetically modified organisms. “World problems are much more complex than saying something is bad and something is good,” Diouf told Reuters when asked whether he expected the summit to criticize the rise of bio-fuels -- usually energy made from foodstuffs -- in the United States and Europe for contributing to food price spikes.

“What is sure is that diverting around 100 million tons of cereals to biofuel has had an impact on food prices,” he added. Diouf has said he wants to get emergency aid to those worst affected, seeds and fertilizers to farmers who can no longer afford them and plough investment into agriculture to ensure poor countries can feed themselves in the future. Josette Sheeran, head of another Rome-based food agency, the World Food Program, had to appeal for an extra $755 million to cover the additional cost of food aid caused by the price hikes.

With that shortfall now covered by donor countries, Sheeran said the crisis should be seen as “a wake up call to act now to defeat the plague of hunger once and for all”. Future rules on trade in agricultural products are seen as a key part of a long-term strategy to reduce poverty and hunger. Rome Reuters

mother, reared in Indonesia and Hawaii, Obama is an American whose father was a member of the Kenyan elite and whose great-uncle liberated Buchenwald as part of the US army. He is the first unashamed liberal to run for president since McGovern, but a man whose capacity for reason and inclusion and civility has won him many conservative friends and admirers.

A bi-racial man who does not condone but will equally not disown the angrier segments of black America, Obama glides through public life like a visible incarnation of Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man. He is as cool as McCain is hot.

As the Clintons fade ungraciously away, the emergence of these two from the dust of an astonishingly vivid and endless primary campaign comes to me, at least, as a massive relief. These two men are easily the best each party has to offer, the two most capable of talking to the other side: serious, decent, principled figures with, of course, their fair share of political shading. And in a war against Islamist terror, which for me remains the most important issue, they offer a choice as stark as it is difficult.

The major worry about Obama is whether he will be too reflexively diplomatic. Does he believe that some of America’s enemies are reasonable in a good way rather than rational in a malign way?

How will he respond if our enemies attack? His defenders point to his diffident but tough composure in this campaign as a sign of his steeliness.

He has supported military strikes in Pakistan, they say. He was trained in urban Chicago politics, they remind. We’ll see.

A more telling question for me will be how he adjusts to new realities and possibilities in Iraq.

Recent successes for the Maliki government and Iraqi army in Basra and Sadr City and the lowest level of civilian deaths in four years suggest Iraq has altered for the better. Can Obama adjust his strategy -- so we withdraw in the best way possible for our interests?

With McCain there’s a reverse worry. Has he become more neo-con than Bush? In the past, McCain has been known as a pragmatist and realist, able to see when American interests have to come before American rhetoric or sentiment. But in the past few years, as the Iraq debate has polarized so many, he has become shriller and more demagogic on the war in the Middle East, more prone to Bushstyle declarations about good and evil than subtler assessments of how best to mix force, diplomacy and multilateralism to the West’s advantage.

And so one worries: has his admirable sense of the danger of our foes blinded him to ways in which a defter diplomacy and shrewder deployment of force can help advance our interests?

Does he understand the need to appeal beyond Muslim leaders to Muslim populations? Is he temperamentally suited to the delicate chess game of the new global politics? © The SundayTimes London

French smoking ban going down in flames OPINION

By Stephen Clarke* SUNDAY’S ZAMAN I’m walking through St.-Germain-des-Pres enjoying the sights and sounds of springtime in Paris. The city’s new public bikes are swishing along the sidewalk knocking pedestrians into the gutter, and the cafes are full of chattering smokers.

Smokers? But wait a minute, wasn’t smoking in cafes and restaurants outlawed in France on Jan. 1?

Yes, there’s a big sign on the door of one cafe informing its customers of the 68-euro fine for lighting up. There’s even a huge pictograph of a crossed-out cigarette for Parisians too rushed to read. But the air is thick with the blue smoke of a dozen cigarettes as people enjoy their morning coffee with a side order of nicotine. Typical, you might think, this blatant French disregard for the law. But you’d be wrong, because they’re managing to smoke in a cafe while obeying an anti-smoking law. Welcome to France.

As of the first day of 2008, any cafe or restaurant that wants to allow people to smoke on its premises has been obliged to install a fumoir, or smoking room.

However, the specifications for the fumoir’s thick walls, automatic closing doors and air extractors are so draconian that no one has bothered. In fact, they don’t need to because it is perfectly legal to smoke on the terrace of a cafe or restaurant. And a terrace is defined as a place outside the premises that is not enclosed by solid walls and a fixed ceiling.

Suddenly, cafes that used to plonk a few tables on the sidewalk have created “terraces.” It’s been a great few months to be an awning salesman.

For most of the winter, Parisian smokers huddled in these thin -walled, canvas-roofed spaces and filled them with as much smoke as ever. You can almost feel French politicians shrugging -- we have imposed this law, what else do you want us to do?

No-smoking areas used to be a sham -- three or four tables in a corner close to the bar where everyone including the barman stood and smoked all day.

I once asked if a restaurant had a nonsmoking area and was told by the waiter, “Not specifically -- it’s mixed.” He wasn’t joking.

Now, though, things have changed, and people have been flocking to eat in places where they wouldn’t have dared venture before. Bar owners quoted in the media express astonishment that mothers dare to come in with their children.

There have, however, been some less positive developments. One has been dubbed the cafe basket, or “sneaker coffee.” Someone goes up to the bar, orders a drink, consumes most of it and then says he’s just nipping outside for a quick cigarette. At which time, he runs off without paying. Bar owners are getting wise to this and are checking out the footwear of their customers. Sneaker-loving American tourists should not be surprised if they are eyed with more than usual suspicion in French cafes.

The second negative effect of the anti-smoking law is far more worrying, especially now that summer is coming. Although smokers may have found refuge on the terraces, they’re not particularly happy to be there. In the past, many of them used to prop up the bar, playing the lottery, eyeing the barmaid.

But French cafes usually apply three price scales -for the bar, the salle (main room) and the terrace, where drinks are at their most expensive, no doubt to compensate the waiter for having to walk so far to take orders. So now the cafe terraces are full of smokers who are very angry at being overcharged and want to make full use of their costly terrace time.

They puff nonstop, not only between courses but often while they’re actually eating.

Before the new law was introduced, it was possible, as a nonsmoker, to lean across to the next table and say something like, “ Excuse me, I respect your right to smoke, and I have nothing against le tabac - some of my best friends are in rehab for nicotine addiction -- but I would appreciate it if you could hold your burning cigarette a few centimeters farther from my plate so that I can taste this rather expensive meal I’ve ordered. Oh, and merci beaucoup in advance for your humanitarianism.”

In 50 percent of cases, this used to work. These days, forget it. You’ll only provoke a tirade about how smokers are being bankrupted, not only by the collapse of the world banking system and the rise in oil (and therefore tar) prices but by the sudden doubling of their drink prices. Your meal will get cold long before the rant ends.

It’s a tragic irony -- the sun is out, the canvas roofs of the French cafe terraces are off, and just when you want to sit by the sidewalk for some fresh air and people watching, you need a gas mask.

And there’s one final French twist to the story.

The anti-smoking rule is not actually a law. It’s a decree, meaning that instead of being passed by Parliament, it was simply a regulation imposed by the government.

So, come the next election, if President Nicolas Sarkozy wants to make a populist move, he can repeal the decree. The hard-line smokers will trudge -slowly, because of their impaired lung capacity -- to the polling stations, and he will win a second term.

Given his low approval ratings, he might do it.

So those of you who just went on line to buy shares in French awning manufacturers and outdoorheater companies, put a note in your diary to sell before election day in May 2012. *Stephen Clarke is a renowned British writer living in Paris. © The Los Angeles Times

CM Y K

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30.05.2008

23:39

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SPORTS

Nineteen Bosnian players refuse to play in friendly Nineteen Bosnian players have refused to play in a friendly against Azerbaijan today in protest at the sacking of national coach Meho Kodro by the Football Association (NSBIH). Several players said they would instead accept invitations by Kodro and Bosnia's leading striker Elvir Bolic to play in a charity match scheduled at the same time. Sarajevo, Reuters

SUNDAY, JUNE 1, 2008

PHOTO

AP

Unstoppable Sepp Blatter battles for the soul of soccer

PHOTO

REUTERS

FIFA President Sepp Blatter gestures as he walks into the Sydney Opera House during the opening ceremony of the 58th FIFA congress.

Whatever else he may be to others, there is absolutely no doubt that FIFA president Sepp Blatter remains a soccer romantic at heart.

Were he not, he would not persevere with his plan for a laudable but controversial and anachronistic "6+5" rule to limit the number of foreign players eligible to start a match to five.

It is laudable because, at its heart, it would give a sense of national identity back to many clubs, would help local talent progress and would stop clubs buying in mediocre players.

But it appears to be unworkable in the modern world.FIFA's Congress passed a resolution in Sydney on Friday to continue working towards finding a legal solution to implement the idea, despite the European Union saying time and again the rule would contravene its laws on the free movement of workers.

Blatter intends to challenge the EU by claiming that sport is different from all other trades -- its "specificity" as defined by the Treaty of Lisbon -and that law-makers could review matters in the future. What appears to be in no doubt though is that Blatter and soccer cannot turn back the clock to a time when, for example, English teams fielded mainly English players or Spanish teams mainly Spanish players. He might well be fighting a battle for the soul of soccer, but the body has moved on.

Blatter and FIFA see the issue as being far wider than just Europe, of course, as befits the world governing body. They are concerned that Guatemalan teams will become full of Paraguayans, Laotian teams full of Nepalese and Togolese teams full of Ghanaians.

One of Blatter's core beliefs is that a club, whether a world giant like Manchester United or Real Madrid, or a smaller lower-league outfit scraping along on gates of a few thousand,

should have some tangible link with its locality.

He was deeply upset a few years ago when Belgian club Beveren field 11 players from the Ivory Coast in a match. He is unhappy that Arsenal now frequently field 11 overseas players in their starting line-up in the Premier League. However, it is arguable whether fans agree with him. Once a player pulls on the shirt of their favorite club, do fans in England, Spain or France really care whether they are watching are a Frenchman, a German, a Bulgarian or a Dutchman? What they really care about is whether they are good enough to play for their club and whether they are winning matches.

For Blatter's plan to succeed there not only has to be a change in the EU's laws but also a change in the modern infrastructure of the game. Free movement has been in place since the Bosman ruling nearly 13 years ago. Blatter told Congress he does not want confrontation with the EU and will apply any rule changes within the law. Being the supreme political operator he is, he might well be able to solve what looks an insurmountable conflict.

Mediocre players A key issue is whether the influx of overseas players stifles the development of domestic talent and there is an argument, especially in England, that it does.The problem is not with the best players coming to the biggest clubs, but with mediocre foreign players taking places that once would have gone to players developed by the club. This is where UEFA's home-grown rule comes in.

UEFA want clubs to include in a squad for their competitions a number of players they have developed themselves, irrespective of their nationality. That plan has its faults and merits too but, unlike Blatter's, has probably a better chance of becoming accepted by Europe's highest authorities. London Reuters

Canadian champ Kyle Shewfelt battles broken legs If Kyle Shewfelt thought winning Canada's first artistic gymnastics gold in 2004 was tough, he now faces an even greater challenge -- to recover from two broken legs in time for the Beijing Games.

Shewfelt slightly mistimed a landing at a practice session in Germany last August and the results were catastrophic. He splintered the tops of both shinbones, hyper-extended his knees and suffered ligament damage.

Surgery followed within days and he now has a metal plate and two screws in his left leg and a screw in the right. The pain is constant -- and time is running out. "It will be a huge victory to be in Beijing after suffering the traumatic injury that I did," he told Reuters from the western city of Calgary.

That said, he has no desire just to make up the numbers.

"I don't want to come 50th, I want to challenge ... I want to feel like I'm on fire and that I'm unstoppable and that I'm going to be able to hit my absolute best routine and that will equal another Olympic medal," he said.

Shewfelt, who turned 26 this month, won his country's first gymnastics gold four years ago when he beat Romania's Marian Dragulescu to capture the men's floor title in Athens. Memories of standing on the podium help him through what he admits have been tough times.

"I'm making progress every day. I'm definitely applying myself ... some days I feel like I'm 90 percent and some days I feel like I'm 60. It's a rollercoaster ride," he said. For a man used to constant movement, life in the weeks after the surgery was miserable. Braces covered both knees and he could only move around in a wheelchair.

By late January he was back in the gym and slowly realizing how much work lay ahead, both on the floor and the high bar.

"It doesn't feel amazing when you land on your knees, especially after having them cut open a few months ago. It's almost like someone is scraping them with a cheese grater," he wrote on his blog in February.

A few weeks ago Shewfelt -- who says he is "pretty happy" with his preparations -- wanted to take part in the Canadian national championships in early June. That may now not happen.

"I would hate something to go wrong just because I wasn't quite fully prepared," he said. His last chance to make the Olympic team is a series of trials in July which will cut a pool of eight contenders to six. If all goes to plan, he will start taking more hard landings in the last six weeks before Beijing.

Kyle Shewfelt

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Until then he will continue building up his muscles, reminding himself of the need to be patient and -- as always -- trying to ignore the never-ending hurt in his legs. "There is constant pain every day when I wake up ...

When you experience something every day you learn to find ways to just put it out of your mind," he said.

The plate causes so much grief that he will have it removed after the Games.

Shewfelt admits he is a driven perfectionist, which only increases the frustration. Twice a month he consults a psychologist to help keep his mind clear.

He said: "This is very hard, especially in an Olympic year when there's a lot of pressure and a lot of expectation from the outside.

"Basically (the psychologist) has constantly reminded me that I am making progress, I am doing the best I can do and I can only control that. I can't control anything else."

Shewfelt keeps a blog -- kyleshewfelt.blogspot.com -- where he details, sometimes with remarkable frankness, how he is doing.

"The reason I am so tired is because I have been working hard. So hard that when I am not in training I am in a constant state of pain and exhaustion," he wrote this week. After a recent dinner with his parents he had felt so weak he lay down on the floor in front of the kitchen refrigerator.

"I planted myself there and didn't move. I couldn't move. It was 7 p.m. and I was ready for bed," he related.

Shewfelt, who says he is motivated by reading earlier posts and seeing how far he has come, dismisses the idea that rivals might read his more downbeat entries and take heart.

"I hope that they're watching and seeing the progress I'm making," he said. Ironically, Shewfelt is at a more advanced stage of preparation than before Athens when he was suffering from an ankle injury.

"The tendency is often to over-train and be past your peak when you get to the Olympics," said Penny Werthner, the Canadian team's sports psychologist. "Sometimes an athlete is injured before the Olympics and arrives better trained," she told Reuters.

Shewfelt said: "I try to make the most of every day right now. I think that's what the injury has done for me -- it's made me appreciate this opportunity and appreciate my ability and also to understand that things can change in an instant." Ottawa Reuters

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PHOTO

M.BURAK BÜRKÜK

SPORTS

SUNDAY’S ZAMAN 19

S U N D AY, J U N E 1 , 2 0 0 8

Group A: Countdown to European Championship begins

Turkey ready for Euro 2008 finals

Portugal thinks the time is right for elusive triumph Cristiano Ronaldo joined up With Cristiano Ronaldo on the pitch after his 41 goals propelled and Luiz Felipe Scolari in the dugout, Manchester United to the Premier Portugal fans believe their wait for a League title and the UEFA major trophy could end at Euro 2008.

Champions League crown.

Losing finalist on home soil four years ago, Portugal hopes to make a Each of them believes in the good start after a draw alongside team's chances of glory, which hosts Switzerland, Turkey and the would be rewarded with a bonus Czech Republic in Group A. of 300,000 euros each from the Portuguese Soccer Federation, Though the Portuguese lost according to media reports. their last two friendlies to world champion Italy and European Squad champion Greece, they rose to the challenge when it counted in qualiGoalkeepers: 1-Diego Benaglio fying and Scolari clearly sees his (Wolfsburg), 18-Pascal Zuberbuehler side as a potential champion.

(Neuchatel Xamax), 21-Eldin “Portugal is not the favorite,” said Cristiano Ronaldo Jakupovic (Grasshoppers Zurich). the man who masterminded his naDefenders: 3-Ludovic Magnin tive Brazil's 2002 World Cup triumph.

(Stuttgart), 17-Christoph Spycher But he added: We think we are among the four, five or six (Eintracht Frankfurt), 4-Philippe Senderos (Arsenal), 20teams who can fight for the title. For me the great favorites Patrick Mueller (Olympique Lyon), 2-Johan Djourou (Arsenal), are the countries who have participated in five or six Euros 13-Stephane Grichting (Auxerre), 23-Philipp Degen and World Cup finals, such as Italy, Germany and France.

(Borussia Dortmund), 5-Stephan Lichtsteiner (Lille).

Every team comes to the European championship with the Midfielders: 19-Valon Behrami (Lazio), 8-Gökhan Ýnler aim of going as far as possible. The goal is the final.”

(Udinese), 15-Gelson Fernandes (Manchester City), 6Scolari is using a two-week training camp at Viseu, Benjamin Huggel (Basel), 16-Tranquillo Barnetta (Bayer Portugal to prepare his squad, several of whom have Leverkusen), 10-Hakan Yakýn (Young Boys Berne), 7come through a particularly grueling season at club level.

Ricardo Cabanas (Grasshoppers Zurich), 22-Johan The Brazilian coach will at least be able to count on playVonlanthen (Salzburg), 14-Daniel Gygax (Metz). maker Deco, who returned to action with Barcelona last Forwards: 9-Alex Frei (Borussia Dortmund), 11-Marco month after being sidelined for two months.

Streller (Basel), 12-Eren Derdiyok (Basel).

OKAN UDO BASSEY ÝSTANBUL

Absentees weigh heavy on Czech Republic’s hopes

The Turkish national team completed phase one of its preparations for the UEFA Euro 2008 in Germany after the warm-up match against Finland in Duisburg on Thursday evening. In all the Turks played three friendlies -- they beat Slovakia 1-0, lost 3-2 to Uruguay and won over Finland 2-0 -- and will leave for Switzerland today.

Turkey coach Fatih Terim on Wednesday dropped Schalke striker Halil Altintop, Stuttgart midfielder Yýldýray Baþtürk and defender Ýbrahim Kaþ from his squad for Euro 2008 proper.

The greatest surprise in the 26-man provisional squad named earlier this month had been the omission of veteran striker Hakan Þukür. Fenerbahçe defender Gökhan Gönül had already been withdrawn from the provisional squad due to injury with Emre Güngör stepping up.

Terim will be pinning his Euro 2008 hopes on three overseas-based strikers to deliver the goods. The Turks, who have struggled a bit since reaching the 2002 World Cup semifinals, will likely have Nihat Kahveci, Tuncay Sanlý and Mevlut Erdinç up front when they face co-host Switzerland, Portugal and the Czech Republic in Group A. “They are already playing in Europe's top leagues, and they are playing well,” Terim said. “I hope they will keep scoring for us, as well.”

But Terim has said his attacking force is not limited to his strikers. He likes it better when his players can move wherever they want on the field to create more chances.

“You will see the team as a whole,” he said. “You will see a team without too much distance between the columns of players. The 11 players will act as one unit,” the coach noted.

Another key player will be Mehmet Aurelio, the Brazilborn midfielder who has been a mainstay in Turkey's lineup ever since he became a citizen of his adopted country.

Although Turkey failed to qualify for Euro 2004, the team reached the quarterfinals at the 2000 tournament in the Netherlands and Belgium, advancing behind Italy in its group but eventually losing to Portugal.

Mixed form in qualifying and a rash of recent injuries have left the often-fancied Czech Republic looking like outsiders at Euro 2008.

Semifinalists in 2004, where they were regarded by the likes of UEFA chief Michel Platini as having played some of the best soccer in the tournament, the Czechs came even closer to glory as finalists in 1996 against Germany at Wembley.

Back for more in Group A with co-host Switzerland, Portugal and Turkey, the Czechs are still coached by 68-year-old Karel Brueckner, who steered them to the last four in Portugal.

Just as before, the Czechs qualified for the championship as group winners. However, the performances were very different to those delivered four years previously.

A slightly reshuffled team failed to impress during away draws in Ireland and Wales, a home defeat by Germany and a mere 1-0 home victory over Greek Cyprus.

Matters improved in the latter stages of the campaign with a 1-0 win over Ireland and a 3-0 victory over a relaxed Germany side who had already qualified for the tournament.

The good fortune has not lasted, though, with captain Tomas Rosicky being ruled out of the finals by knee surgery.

With Karel Poborsky having retired after the 2006 World Cup and former European Footballer of the Year Pavel Nedved following soon afterwards, the Czechs had been counting on Rosicky's playmaking abilities.

The situation, which the Czech media incorrectly speculated would lead to a surprise return by Nedved, leaves much of the responsibility on midfielders such as Marek Matejovsky.

Winners as the former Czechoslovakia in 1976, the Czech Republic will have to produce something really special if the feat is to be repeated at Euro 2008.

Squad

Squad Goalkeepers: 23-Volkan Demirel (Fenerbahçe), 1-Rüstü Reçber (Beþiktaþ), 12-Tolga Zengin (Trabzonspor).

Defenders: 20-Sabri Sarýoðlu (Galatasaray), 4Gökhan Zan (Beþiktaþ), 15-Emre Aþýk (Galatasaray), 2-Servet Çetin (Galatasaray), 3Hakan Kadir Balta (Galatasaray), 16-Uður Boral (Fenerbahçe), 13-Emre Güngör (Galatasaray).

Midfielders: 7-Mehmet Aurelio (Fenerbahçe), 6Mehmet Topal (Galatasaray), 5-Emre Belözoðlu (Newcastle United), 11-Tümer Metin (Larissa), 22Hamit Altintop (Bayern Munich), 19-Ayhan Akman (Galatasaray), 14-Arda Turan (Galatasaray), 17-Tuncay Sanlý (Middlesbrough), 18-Kazým Kazým (Fenerbahçe), 10-Gökdeniz Karadeniz (FC Rubin Kazan) Forwards: 8-Nihat Kahveci (Villarreal), 9Semih Þentürk (Fenerbahçe), 21-Mevlut Erdinç (FC Sochaux).

Galatasaray and Turkey winger Arda Turan

Jan Koller

Goalkeepers: 16-Jaromir Blazek (Nuremberg), 1-Petr Cech (Chelsea), 23-Daniel Zitka (Anderlecht).

Defenders: 2-Zdenek Grygera (Juventus), 6-Marek Jankulovski (AC Milan), 13-Michal Kadlec (Sparta Prague), 18-Tomas Sivok (Sparta Prague), 5-Radoslav Kovac (Spartak Moscow), 12-Zdenek Pospech (FC Copenhagen), 22-David Rozehnal (Lazio), 21-Tomas Ujfalusi (Fiorentina).

Midfielders: 4-Tomas Galasek (Nuremberg), 14-David Jarolim (Hamburg), 17-Marek Matejovsky (Reading), 20Jaroslav Plasil (Osasuna), 3-Jan Polak (Anderlecht), 19Rudolf Skacel (Hertha Berlin), 7-Libor Sionko (FC Copenhagen), 11-Stanislav Vlcek (Anderlecht).

Forwards: 15-Milan Baros (Portsmouth), 8-Martin Fenin (Eintracht Frankfurt), 9-Jan Koller (Nuremberg), 10Vaclav Sverkos (Banik Ostrava).

Swiss hit home straight after patchy preparation

Group A fixtures at a glance June 7 Switzerland vs. Czech Republic (Basel) Portugal vs. Turkey (Geneva) June 11 Czech Republic vs. Portugal (Geneva) Switzerland vs. Turkey (Basel) June 15 Switzerland vs. Portugal (Basel) Turkey vs. Czech Republic (Geneva) Hakan Yakýn

As Euro 2008 co-host, Switzerland will surely be hoping that home advantage can help paper over some of the cracks that have emerged during their rather patchy run-up to this month’s event.

The Swiss had appeared to be on a roll after qualifying for both Euro 2004 and the 2006 World Cup, exiting the latter tournament in a second-round penalty shootout against Ukraine without conceding a regular goal in any of their matches.

Automatic qualification as Euro 2008 cohost has since seen Koebi Kuhn's men restricted to a two-year diet of friendly matches, however, and the fare has not often been savory.

The Swiss have lost nine of their 17 games since the World Cup, including their last four in a row against the US, Nigeria, England and Germany.

Their seven wins included an impressive

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2-1 triumph over the Netherlands last August but their other conquests comprised less considerable scalps such as Liechtenstein, Costa Rica and fellow Euro 2008 host Austria.

Apart from the actual results, there has been concern over the abject nature of some of their performances, particularly in their February 2007 3-1 trouncing by Germany and an even worse 4-0 home defeat by the same opponents in March of this year.

Home advantage can of course not be underestimated and Belgium is still the only host nation to fail to get beyond the group stage of a European championship.

Various newspaper surveys have suggested that the general Swiss public is far from overwhelming in its support for the tournament, but Switzerland's surprisingly vociferous turn-out at the World Cup suggests that there will be no lack of noise in the stadiums themselves.

Squad Goalkeepers: 1-Diego Benaglio (Wolfsburg), 18Pascal Zuberbuehler (Neuchatel Xamax), 21Eldin Jakupovic (Grasshoppers Zurich).

Defenders: 3-Ludovic Magnin (Stuttgart), 17Christoph Spycher (Eintracht Frankfurt), 4Philippe Senderos (Arsenal), 20-Patrick Mueller (Olympique Lyon), 2-Johan Djourou (Arsenal), 13-Stephane Grichting (Auxerre), 23-Philipp Degen (Borussia Dortmund), 5-Stephan Lichtsteiner (Lille).

Midfielders: 19-Valon Behrami (Lazio), 8Gokhan Inler (Udinese), 15-Gelson Fernandes (Manchester City), 6-Benjamin Huggel (Basel), 16-Tranquillo Barnetta (Bayer Leverkusen), 10Hakan Yakin (Young Boys Berne), 7-Ricardo Cabanas (Grasshoppers Zurich), 22-Johan Vonlanthen (Salzburg), 14-Daniel Gygax (Metz).

Forwards: 9-Alex Frei (Borussia Dortmund), 11Marco Streller (Basel), 12-Eren Derdiyok (Basel).

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Angelina Jolie birth reports contradicted Has the Brangelina brood increased by two? There were conflicting reports on Friday about the impending birth of Angelina Jolie's twins. "Entertainment Tonight" reported that the actress had given birth in France. People magazine followed with a story quoting "a rep for the actress" as saying that Jolie "has not given birth." LA, AP

AP

WWW.SUNDAYSZAMAN.COM SUNDAY, JUNE 1, 2008

PHOTO

Mýamý judges a popular draw for TV court shows

TV judges Karen Mills, left, and David Young are former Miami judges who have found success ruling for television viewers.

Surf the TV channels anywhere in America on a given weekday, and chances are you will find a former Miami judge holding court.

Miami now counts five former criminal court judges with TV shows, two of whom were nominated for a daytime Emmy Award this year. South Florida has more than its share of high-profile court cases and colorful characters, and the combination seems to make for must-see TV. "I think it's the water," laughed Marilyn Milian, who has presided over "The People's Court" for the past eight seasons. "This is a big, vibrant town with a wonderfully diverse judiciary. You have to have a personality, and we have a lot of personalities on the bench."

Milian was nominated for an Emmy along with David Young, whose self-titled show just finished its first season.

Also finishing her first year is Cristina Pereyra, host of "Final Verdict" on the Spanish-language TeleFutura network.

Rounding out the Miami group are "Judge Alex" Ferrer and, coming soon to a TV near you, "Judge Karen" Mills-Francis.

None of these shows approach the ratings supremacy of courtroom TV queen "Judge Judy" Sheindlin, a former New York judge. But those Miamians on the air are considered a success, and their roots seem to play a role.

Gerette Allegra-Samiian, vice president of programming at Sony Pictures Television, said she discovered Young by

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watching TV coverage of him presiding over a trial of two airline pilots who were convicted of attempting to fly while drunk. Florida law allows live broadcasts of criminal trials, giving its judges exposure those in some other states do not get. She found Young to be compassionate and wise, "like your favorite uncle." "Miami is a really colorful city. The judges get to see a lot of different situations, but it really comes down to the judge," she said. "They need to be likable.

They need to be able to handle conflict. They need to be entertaining. At the end of the day, it's television."

Each of the Miami judges had a long legal career before TV came calling. As real judges they presided over murder and other serious criminal cases, but now they are doing the often humorous small claims lawsuits that are the bread and butter of courtroom TV. Typical fare might include a woman suing her mother for stealing her identity; neighbors squabbling over whose dog dug a hole in their shared fence; brothers battling over a car trade that left one of them with a vehicle constantly in need of repair.

The shows are cheap, easy to produce and rely on armies of freelance researchers who comb through court dockets nationwide to find eligible cases. They are the original reality TV and offer viewers conflict and resolution in a tidy package, said New York TV consultant Bill Carroll.

About 12 court shows are currently on the air. "There's a

winner and a loser, and there's a right and a wrong," Carroll said. Critics say the shows do a poor job of showing the realities of the judicial system and can be demeaning to the legal profession -- especially when the lawyers and judges on TV start shouting at each other.

"I think that TV judges cast the legal profession in a horrible light," said Nancy B. Rapoport, a law professor at the University of Nevada-Las Vegas who specializes in the depiction of lawyers in popular culture. "The judges violate all the rules of judicial ethics, including treating litigants with respect, and seem more hell-bent on crafting cute little oneliners than on resolving disputes fairly." Some TV judges acknowledged that other lawyers and judges at times look down on what they do. But Milian said more people have learned about the law from "The People's Court" and the other shows than almost any other source.

"You have to understand that America doesn't get its legal education from $500-an-hour lawyers. They get it from television," Milian said. Pereyra said people would quickly get bored with the tedium of a real trial and need the emotion to stay glued to the set.

"That's the part of the show that is entertaining. To bring the educational aspects of the show, we have to avail ourselves of the entertainment aspects," she said.

"You can't divorce one from the other." Miami AP