www.todayszaman.com - August 23, 2008

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04 TODAY’S ZAMAN

S AT U R D AY, A U G U S T 2 3 , 2 0 0 8

NATIONAL

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T04-23-08-08.qxd

Foreign Minister Ali Babacan yesterday spoke with his Russian counterpart, Sergey Lavrov, on the phone to discuss a proposed cooperation platform for the crisis-hit Caucasus amidst reports that Turkey will include its estranged neighbor Armenia in regional peace efforts via Russia.

Babacan conveyed a set of "concrete proposals" to Lavrov during the conversation, Foreign Ministry spokesman Burak Özügergin said, without elaborating. Officials from the Turkish and Russian foreign ministries will meet next week to work on the proposals. Babacan and Lavrov will also meet in early September to review progress in the technical talks.

Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoðan, the architect of the proposed Caucasus Stability and Cooperation Platform, has said he won backing from regional countries, including Russia, for the proposed alliance. But questions remain on how

the regional countries will set aside their differences and embark on a cooperation initiative.

News reports in the Turkish media said Turkey could talk to Armenia, one of the regional countries that Ankara wants in the Caucasus platform, via Russia, Armenia's regional ally, in the initial stages.

Direct talks between Turkish and Armenian diplomats and foreign ministers are planned for later stages.

It was not clear whether one of the concrete proposals passed on to Lavrov concerned some form of Russian mediation between Turkey and Armenia, two neighbors that have had no formal ties for more than a decade. Turkey severed its diplomatic ties and closed its border with Armenia in the early 1990s in protest of an Armenian occupation of Nagorno-Karabakh in Azerbaijan.

Normalization in ties, says Ankara, depends on Armenian withdrawal from Nagorno-Karabakh,

Yerevan ending its efforts for worldwide recognition of claims of an Armenian genocide at the hands of the late Ottoman Empire and formal recognition by Armenia of the current borders with Turkey.

But despite the obstacles remaining in place for dialogue, Ankara says the proposed Caucasus platform will include Armenia as well. President Abdullah Gül reiterated late on Thursday that Armenia was planned to be included in the proposed Caucasus platform. "They have been invited to this to help resolve problems. Talks and preparations are still under way," he noted.

According to plans that are still being worked out in Ankara, the proposed platform will include Turkey, Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia. Erdoðan has so far visited Russia, Georgia and Azerbaijan to discuss the initiative.

Armenia said it welcomed Turkey's plans to in-

clude Yerevan in regional peace efforts.

Gül is still considering whether to accept an invitation from his Armenian counterpart, Serzh Sarksyan, to visit Armenia to watch a World Cup qualifying game between national soccer teams of the two countries on Sept. 6. If it takes place, the visit will represent landmark progress in efforts to normalize ties between the two countries, but Turkish diplomats are unsure whether Armenia has taken enough conciliatory steps to deserve such a gesture.

As deliberations continue in Ankara over whether Gül should accept Sarksyan's invitation, reports have appeared in the Turkish media that decision-makers are leaning toward sending a Cabinet minister, instead of the president, to Armenia. State Minister Murat Baþesgioðlu, who is responsible for sports, is reportedly a candidate to visit Armenia. Ankara Today's Zaman

US warshýp saýls through Turkýsh Straýts, Russýa suspýcýous contýnued from page 1 The two Navy ships and a US Coast Guard cutter are carrying relief supplies, including bottled water, blankets, hygiene kits, baby food, milk and nappies, said Cdr. Scott Miller, spokesman for the US 6th Fleet.

He stated that the McFaul and the Dallas were expected to arrive in Georgia next week and the Mount Whitney around the end of the month.

A Polish ship also passed through the Turkish Straits yesterday, but Turkish diplomatic sources emphasized that the ship was headed to the Black Sea to take part in a NATO task mission that sources said had been planned months ago.

Russia, which occupied part of Georgia in response to a Georgian military offensive in the pro-

Russia breakaway region of South Ossetia early this month, expressed concern over the US Navy ships' trip to the Black Sea. "From the Russian point of view … the usefulness of this operation is extremely dubious," Anatoly Nogovitsyn, deputy chief of the Russian military's General Staff was quoted by Reuters as saying when asked about the US Navy mission to deliver aid to Georgia.

The ships are part of a humanitarian mission, but observers say it is also a message of military deterrence by the United States to Russia. The US military had already begun delivering relief supplies by air a week ago.

Turkey, which has close ties with neighboring Georgia and is a key strategic ally of Washington, has been walking a delicate diplomatic line during the Caucasus conflict in order not to antagonize Russia. Ankara, which has developed its trade ties with Russia and relies on imports from Russia to meet its natural gas needs, fears it could be caught in the middle of an undesired, Cold War-type confrontation between Russia and the United States if tensions rise further. Hoping for peaceful resolution of the crisis, Ankara has been floating a proposal for a regional cooperation platform that is planned to include Turkey, Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia.

The US request to send warships to the Black Sea put Ankara in a difficult position as it insists all passages through the Turkish Straits,

the only sea outlet to the Black Sea, must be in compliance with the international Montreux Convention. The US had initially planned to send two Navy hospital ships that each weigh 70,000 tons, far above the maximum weight allowed in the Montreux Convention. Ankara refused, prompting further negotiations with the United States to find a compromise. The three ships now headed to Georgia all meet the standards set by the Montreux Convention.

There were concerns that the US could force Turkey to agree to changes to the convention to be able to give a military message to Russia by sending the two hospital ships. But Matt Bryza, deputy assistant secretary of state for European and Eurasian affairs, said earlier this week that the US had no intention of seeking revisions to the Montreux Convention.

CHP questions policy The rising tensions have increased opposition pressure on the government at home. The main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP), which views government efforts to create a Caucasus regional platform to resolve regional crises with suspicion, yesterday formally requested a statement on whether the US ships transiting the Turkish Straits met Montreux standards.

The CHP's Onur Öymen issued a formal inquiry to Foreign Minister Ali Babacan over whether

the United States complied with Montreux requirements that all warship transits have to be declared to Turkish authorities eight days in advance.

Foreign Ministry officials state that Ankara has not been forced to compromise, as the three ships meet the requirements stipulated by the Montreux Convention. "As has been the case for around seven decades, we haven't made any exception to the 1936 Montreux Convention, and we will never make such an exception.

Turkey is extremely sensitive on this issue," an official told Today's Zaman on Thursday.

The Foreign Ministry yesterday issued a written statement in which it reiterated that foreign-flagged military ships are passing through the Turkish Straits to the Black Sea in line with the notices conveyed to Turkish authorities and in compliance with the Montreux Convention.

"In this context, four ships belonging to the Standing NATO Maritime Group 1 -- Spain (SPS Almirante Don Juan de Borbon), Germany (FGS Luebeck), Poland (ORP General Kazimierz Pulaski) and US (USS Taylor) -- will visit the ports of Constanza in Romania and Varna in Bulgaria in the west Black Sea and our country's Ýstanbul ports for training and as part of NATO's planned activities approved in October 2007. Excluding this, passages of other foreign military ships including those of the US are being done in line with the Montreux Convention," the statement said. Ýstanbul Today's Zaman

PHOTO

Babacan, Lavrov in talks over dubious Caucasus platform

Ýhsanoðlu criticizes ICC for indicting al-Bashir The Turkish secretary-general of the world's largest Muslim organization has criticized the International Criminal Court (ICC) for filing charges of war crimes and genocide against Sudanese President Omar alBashir, according to an Iranian news report.

In remarks to Iran's English-language Press TV, Ekmeleddin Ýhsanoðlu, secretary-general of the 57-nation Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), described the move to bring genocide charges against al-Bashir by the ICC as "unfair."

"We are not for the impunity of anyone.

We are for fair treatment of everyone and if there is a crime against humanity, it should be dealt with legally and should be done in fairness, not with double standards as is observed in certain cases," Ýhsanoðlu told Press TV on the sidelines of the Africa-Turkey Cooperation Summit in Ýstanbul, which ended Thursday.

The government has been the target of criticism from domestic and international sources for inviting al-Bashir, who was indicted by the ICC last month on charges of genocide and war crimes.

Prosecutors say militias unleashed by his government have killed some 300,000 ethnic Africans since 2003 in the troubled Darfur region. More than 2.5 million have been displaced in the conflict.

At a press conference on the sidelines of the Turkey-Africa summit on Wednesday, al-Bashir denied that his forces were orchestrating genocide in Darfur. "Genocide like the ICC claims is nonexistent," he said. "If [those figures] were accurate, there needs to be mass graves. Where are those graves?"

The OIC, the African Union and several countries including China, Russia and Iran have warned that indicting al-Bashir could further complicate efforts to achieve peace in Darfur.

Turkey, which pursues a policy of expanding ties with the African continent, is careful not to target al-Bashir directly. On Tuesday, President Abdullah Gül met with al-Bashir, urging Sudan to take responsibility for Darfur and to end the suffering in the region. But he declined to refer to events in Darfur as genocide. Ýstanbul Today's Zaman

Fire in Turkish house kills 2 children Two Turkish children from the same family, aged two and four, died in a fire in their house in the German city of Siegen, the Anatolia news agency reported yesterday.

The children, 2-year-old Gaye and 4-yearold Emre Akyüz, died of smoke inhalation during the fire, which broke out on Thursday night.

Their mother and another child were hospitalized and were recovering, Anatolia said.

German police said the fire appeared to have started in the children's room while their father was at work; they dismissed the possibility of arson.

In February a fire in a building inhabited by Turks killed nine people, including five children, in the southwestern German city of Ludwigshafen.

Despite initial fears that the blaze could have been a far-right arson attack, in July German authorities concluded their investigation, saying the months-long probe had failed to illuminate what caused the blaze. Ýstanbul Today's Zaman with wires

PHOTO

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The guided missile destroyer USS McFaul passed through the Dardanelles and the Bosporus on Friday.

Turkey seeks Caribbean support for UN bid

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Gül says no new arrangements needed in balances in Black Sea Concerns have emerged in Turkey that there could be pressure from the United States on Turkey to agree to changes in the 1936 convention to allow a US military presence in the Black Sea as a means of deterrence against Russia, which occupied Georgian territory after a Georgian offensive in the pro-Russian breakaway region of South Ossetia earlier this month.

The United States had reportedly wanted to send two Navy hospital ships, the USNS Comfort and the USNS Mercy, to the Black Sea to deliver humanitarian aid to Georgia, but Turkey refused to grant access, saying the ships did not conform to Montreux standards. According to the Montreux Convention, the total weight of military ships that a non-littoral state may keep in the Black Sea cannot exceed 45,000 tons. The two ships each weighed more than 70,000 tons, making their passage a violation of the convention. After days of talks, the two countries announced on Wednesday that three US

PHOTO

contýnued from page 1

Prime Minister Erdoðan (R) attended talks between Gül and his Romanian counterpart, Traian Basescu (L) .

Navy ships conforming to Montreux standards would pass through the Turkish Straits, the only sea entrance to the Black Sea, to deliver aid to Georgia.

Basescu said he and Gül had discussed the conflict in the Caucasus and added that Turkey

and his country both shared the view that a ceasefire between Russia and Georgia must be properly implemented and that Georgia's territorial integrity must be protected. He also said projects for energy pipelines across the Caucasus, including

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the US and EU-backed Nabucco project to transfer natural gas from the Caspian from Turkey to Austria via Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary, were still viable despite tensions in the Caucasus.

Gül and Basescu also discussed bilateral ties and Turkey's bid to join the EU. Gül said that his comprehensive talks with Basescu had contributed remarkably to the improvement of bilateral relations between Turkey and Romania, as well as to regional cooperation. He said that the value of the investments conducted by Turkish businessmen in Romania had reached $2 billion, adding that the total trade volume between the two countries was almost $7 billion as of the end of 2007.

Basescu said his country supported Turkey's bid to join the EU and advised Turkish officials not to give up in the face of what appears to be an unending series of new conditions imposed by the EU, saying his country, now an EU member, has been through the same process. Ýstanbul Today's Zaman

Foreign Minister Ali Babacan sought yesterday to convince Caribbean nations to support Turkey's bid to secure a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council, vowing to work for Caribbean interests if Turkey is elected.

Elections for the non-permanent members of the UN Security Council are due to be held this autumn at the UN General Assembly. Turkey, not represented in the powerful body for half a century, has been conducting intense diplomatic efforts to win support from other world nations for its bid.

Babacan, speaking at the opening of a meeting between Turkey and the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) in Ýstanbul, said Turkey's presence in the UN Security Council would be extremely timely under current international circumstances. "Although we are at the center of issues and problems on the agenda of the UN Security Council, we have not been represented in this organization for nearly half a century," Babacan told the meeting. "If we are elected, you can be assured that we, together with representatives from your region at the UN Security Council, will attribute special importance to the interests of the Caribbean community." Ýstanbul Today's Zaman

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22.08.2008

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19:04

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06 TODAY’S ZAMAN

SATURDAY, AUGUST 23, 2008

Internet bans pit Turkey against freedom of speech

Electýons a must for new constýtutýon, expert says PHOTO

Constitutional law professor Ergun Özbudun has said Turkey needs to hold general elections to enable the drafting of a new constitution as it is not possible for the existing Parliament to agree on the implementation of a new document. Özbudun, also the head of a board tasked with drafting a new and civilian constitution, stressed that the ruling Justice and Development Party (AK Party) is unlikely to garner support from other political parties in Parliament for replacing the constitution with a new one. “Changing constitutions will be possible only with a new Parliament.

We need to be realistic. The existing Parliament is not likely to agree on any change of the existing constitution. Thus, Turkey needs to head for elections to write a new constitution,” he told Today’s Zaman.

The AK Party geared up in 2007 to prepare a new civilian constitution that could meet contemporary needs and benefit the country, an EU-member candidate. The constitution currently in use was written during a period of military rule following a coup in 1980 and is the target of harsh criticism as it does not meet present-day needs. Last year the AK Party formed an independent commission, headed

by Professor Özbudun, to prepare a draft of a new civilian constitution; however, work on it was shelved when a closure case was filed against the AK Party last March, accusing the party of engaging in anti-secular activities.

Following a verdict by the Constitutional Court not to disband the AK Party in late June, the governing party decided to speed up efforts to replace the constitution. Özbudun, however, is not optimistic that parliamentary efforts to draft a new Constitution will prove useful unless general elections are held and the composition of Parliament is changed.

“The greatest obstacle before a new constitution is the tough stance of the main opposition Republican People’s Party [CHP] and the opposition Nationalist Movement Party [MHP].

Statements by CHP officials note that although the party itself is displeased with the existing constitution, it does not need reform to make up for its deficiencies. CHP deputy group chairman Kemal Anadol, in one of his speeches,

MUSTAFA KÝRAZLI

ERCAN YAVUZ ANKARA

There are currently 853 Web sites banned in Turkey, including video-sharing site YouTube and dailymotion.com, placing Turkey in the league of countries such as China and Saudi Arabia, famous for restricting freedom of speech.

Web sites are most often banned on grounds that they insult the founder of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, contain vulgarity, enable gambling or promote suicide. Many sites have also been banned for crimes covered under the Internet Security Law. But a number of sites are banned for no apparent reason. The latest Web site to be banned was gundemonline.com, which was blocked by Ankara’s 11th High Criminal Court without any justification.

Other countries known to frequently ban Web sites include China, Iran, Armenia, Tunisia, Indonesia, Syria, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia.

Sites protest bans A campaign has been initiated by elmaaltshift.com to protest these bans. To date 441 Web sites -- including some of the most popular sites in the country, such as online English-Turkish dictionary zargan.com, sinema.com and forzabesiktas.com - are supporting the campaign.

Earlier this week the sites supporting the campaign “banned” themselves by putting up front pages that read “Access is denied,” in imitation of what happens when sites are blocked by courts.

Getting around the bans

Professor Ergun Özbudun

suggested that his party would not cooperate in changing constitutions,” Özbudun remarked. Özbudun, underlining that it is not necessary to cooperate with the CHP to amend the constitution, recalled that a constitutional amendment package to end a ban on the Muslim headscarf at universities was only passed with the support of the MHP. However, the problem, as in that amendment package, is to stop the CHP from challenging new laws at the Constitutional Court.

The headscarf law was annulled by the Constitutional Court upon a petition by the CHP. The Constitutional Court’s annulment of the amendments to allow headscarves to be worn at universities was considered a move to show everyone that the court positions itself above Parliament.

“This decision by the Constitutional

Court has shown that the court will feel itself free to revise all constitutional changes in essence though it is not authorized to do so.

Cooperation with the CHP to replace the constitution seems impossible. It is, however, necessary to replace it because a constitution prepared under the shadow of a military coup cannot meet the needs of Turkey on the path to democratization and modernization. I believe, if supported by a required number of voters, no power will be able to hinder efforts to replace the Constitution,” Özbudun stated.

He also stressed that hopes that Parliament Speaker Köksal Toptan could contribute to the preparation of a civilian constitution would prove futile. “Such an initiative by Toptan would be a well-intentioned effort, but I don’t believe he will be

able to ensure cooperation among all political parties for a change in constitution.

Unless all political parties agree on the idea of replacing the constitution, it will not prove beneficial for Turkish democracy,” Özbudun said.

AK Party parliamentary group deputy chairman Nihat Ergün agreed and added that a new constitution on which all political parties do not agree will mean another reason for chaos in the country.

“However, setting early general elections as a condition for a new constitution will increase tension in the country as well. The AK Party will try options for the planned change in constitutions. We can consider holding early elections only when it becomes impossible to compromise on the change. We are not planning early elections at the moment,” he said.

New suspect in Dink case confirmed by witnesses Eyewitnesses to a high-profile assassination in Ýstanbul last year attested yesterday to the presence of a newly discovered suspect in the murder case of TurkishArmenian journalist Hrant Dink, shot dead by a teenager over a year ago.

Prosecutors have for the past week been investigating claims that Osman Hayal, the brother of one of the suspects, was also at the scene on the day of the murder.

Dink was gunned down on Jan. 19, 2007 in broad daylight outside the office of Agos, a newspaper where he was the editor-in-chief, by ultranationalist Ogün Samast, who was 17 at the time of the murder. The teenager swiftly confessed to the murder and accused Yasin Hayal from the northern city of Trabzon of having provoked him to the act. However, witnesses have consistently claimed that a second person was at the scene of the murder with Samast that day, a claim partially supported by security camera coverage, as the footage shows a nervous man making frequent phone calls.

The police also had evidence to suspect that the second person with Samast on that day was Yasin Hayal’s brother, Osman Hayal, whose SIM card was proven to have been emanating signals in Ýstanbul on the day of Dink’s assassination. Osman Hayal was detained in Trabzon on Wednesday and brought on Thursday for interrogation to Ýstanbul, where he was also shown to witnesses, who confirmed Osman Hayal was the man they had seen on the day of the murder. Hayal’s interrogation at the po-

NATIONAL

lice station has been completed, and he is due to appear in court today.

Despite Samast’s immediate confession to the murder, the ensuing investigation has been highly controversial. Evidence gathered quickly made it obvious that the young man had not acted alone but was in fact driven by a group of people whom he called “older brothers” who had plotted the crime for more than a year. One of these men, a former police informant, allegedly tipped off the police on more than one occasion about the assassination plan.

Another witness testified during the trial that he too had been informed about the plan to kill Dink, by a gendarmerie colonel. In addition to shady links between the suspects and security institutions, lawyers representing the Dink family have accused the police at various times of destroying vital evidence and concealing crucial information from the court and the prosecution.

In a 180-page report on their investigation, a parliamentary subcommittee on the Dink murder announced in late July their conclusion that “there has been negligence, fault and bad coordination both on the part of the police department and the gendarmerie” in processing intelligence information about the plot to kill Dink.

Lawyers representing the Dink family have consistently asserted that Ergenekon -- a network suspected of a large number of politically motivated crimes including bombings and murders for the ultimate purpose of overthrowing the legitimate government -- is behind the Dink murder. Ýstanbul Today's Zaman

The bans have increased the popularity of Web sites, such as ktunnel.com and its rival, vtunnel.com, that allow Turkish users to access banned sites. According to data from Web information company alexa.com, ktunnel.com currently ranks 37th on the list of most-visited sites in Turkey, while vtunnel.com is at the 41st spot.

Data at alexa.com also shows that despite the ongoing ban, YouTube ranks 17th on the list of popular Web sites in Turkey, showing that Turkish Internet users still find other ways to access the site. Ýstanbul Today’s Zaman

MEHMET KAMAN

22.08.2008

PHOTO

T06-23-08-08.qxd

Deputy issues parliamentary inquiry to Gül

Your Way of Understanding Turkey

CM Y K

Democratic Left Party (DSP) Ýstanbul deputy Süleyman Yaðýz has breached protocol by sending a parliamentary inquiry to an official who is not a member of Parliament, President Abdullah Gül.

According to parliamentary bylaws, inquiries can be directed to the parliament speaker, prime minister or ministers, all of whom are members of Parliament. However, Yaðýz, who has been a deputy for more than five years, ignored the rule and issued seven parliamentary inquiries to Gül earlier this week regarding events that occurred during the commemoration ceremony of Hacý Bektaþ-ý Veli, an important figure for Alevis who established the Bektaþi order of dervishes.

Parliamentary inquiries are one of the most important and effective tools of checks and balances for the deputies in Parliament. The deputies can file parliamentary inquiries about virtually anything related to their constituency or other topics. With inquiries generally receiving prompt responses, the system has become a method of choice for obtaining information in Parliament; however, if these inquiries do not comply with the legislature's bylaws, the parliamentary administration rejects them.

Yaðýz, who is known for making numerous parliamentary inquiries, directed his questions to President Gül. However, according to Article 96 of the bylaws, deputies cannot issue inquiries to anyone outside of Parliament.

Article 96 reads: "A parliamentary inquiry entails asking a question of the prime minister or a particular minister on a specific topic without including personal opinions, and this inquiry cannot be about personal and private life. The inquiries can also be presented orally but this format cannot exceed 100 words." The bylaw also specifies that inquiries can be directed to the parliament speaker. Habib Güler Ankara

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BUSINESS

TODAY’S ZAMAN 07

S AT U R D AY, A U G U S T 2 3 , 2 0 0 8

Turks shift to LPG, public transport in response to high oil prices had run on gasoline, that figure declined to 45 percent in 2006. The remainder of vehicles registered in 2006 used either diesel or LPG. Turkey is considered an oil-poor country as it imports nearly 90 percent of its annual oil from the Middle East and Russia. Furthermore, the proportion represented by the energy bill in Turkey's total trade deficit is also on the rise, especially since the climb in oil prices which started last year. This is not a new pattern, but rather has been the case for the last decade, with the nation paying just $2 billion for oil purchases in 1998 and $11.8 billion in 2007.

Surging energy costs have also had an impact on consumer spending, as the proportion of household income that has to be spent on gasoline has grown, the report states. "What makes Turkey special is the pump price of its gasoline," it notes, pointing to the high share of taxes in the prices. A liter of unleaded gasoline is sold for around YTL 3.40 ($2.90), giving Turkey a claim on the title of world's most expensive gasoline. Gas stations are operating similar to tax offices, with 60 percent of gas prices going directly to the state's coffers in the form of value-added and special consumption taxes, notes the report.

Oil prices are currently cheaper than they were

a month ago, but they are still far from cheap. A barrel of crude was being traded for $147 last month but the price has retreated to around $120 on weaker global demand. If this trend continues, it will provide some relief to consumers, but analysts point out that gas pump prices are not as flexible downwards as they are upwards. Furthermore, analysts say oil will never return to the lows seen at the end of the 1990s. The government is also not expected to cut sales tax on oil products in the short term, for fear of increasing its budget deficit.

The report states that consumers will continue to face high gasoline pump prices and will continue to allocate a considerable portion of their income for energy. In addition, energy will make up a sizeable part of the country's imports and contribute to the current account deficit in the short and medium term.

The report also notes that the changing consumption patterns in homes are meant to serve as a buffer to surging oil prices. Natural gas has replaced oil as the main source of home heating, the report explains, noting that the amount of oil used for heating fell from 2.7 million tons in 2001 to 1.8 million tons in 2006. In the same period, natural gas consumption increased almost threefold, to 7.36 billion

cubic meters from roughly 2.83 billion cubic meters.

Another source of relief for consumers, the report says, is the cap on electricity prices. The Turkish government, which controls electricity production, did not make any changes to the prices for electricity used in both residential and industrial buildings from 2002 to 2006, despite the fact that the cost of production increased dramatically in the given period.

However, starting from 2006, prices started to gradually climb with periodic hikes. It is estimated that the cost of the government holding electricity prices steady for nearly five years on the budget was over $20 billion. Similar to transportation and housing, the share of oil in electricity production has declined, replaced by other fuels such as natural gas, coal and hydroelectric power, the report explains.

One positive effect of the oil price shock is the improved public transportation system, the report notes. As public transportation has grown more popular, municipalities have undertaken infrastructure projects such as metro and subway networks. A growing number of households use metros and light rail, which are cheaper and safer than private cars and buses for city transportation, the report states. Ýstanbul Today's Zaman

PHOTO

CÝHAN

Turks have adopted new patterns of consumption to ease the effects of an unprecedented rise in oil prices, such as using public transport or having their cars converted to run on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), a recent report has noted.

The report, from Moody's Economy.com, a division of Moody's Analytics, Inc., was composed by analyst Mustafa Akçay, who outlined how Turkey is coping with the effects of the skyrocketing oil prices, which have slowed growth in oil-importing countries.

Households in Turkey have responded by decreasing their consumption, the report notes. "They have shifted to diesel and other cheaper fuels because of low import or production costs and lower sales taxes. Vehicles running on diesel and liquefied petroleum gas have become more popular because of their price advantage," the report states.

Although the number of registered motor vehicles surged from 6.1 million in 2001 to 9.1 million in 2006, matching the growth rate of the incomes of Turkey's middle class, gasoline consumption actually declined from 3.7 billion liters to 3.25 billion liters in the same period. Moreover, while more than 80 percent of the vehicles registered in 2001

Türk Telekom H1 net profits soar to YTL 1 bln Turkey's biggest fixed line operator Türk Telekom's net profits hit YTL 1.03 billion in the first half of 2008. Net profits increased 10 percent in the second quarter over the same period a year ago to YTL 627 million, and operating profits rose 13 percent to YTL 1.35 billion.

Türk Telekom and its subsidiary in the GSM business, Avea, released their semi-annual financial statements at a press conference yesterday in Ýstanbul with the participation of Türk Telekom CEO Paul Doany and Avea General Manager Cüneyt Türktan.

Doany reported that Türk Telekom's consolidated revenues were up 12 percent in the first half of the year over the same period of the previous year to YTL 4.97 billion. According to the figures Doany disclosed, the number of ADSL subscribers rose 700,000 to a total of 5.2 million, yielding YTL 791 million in revenues and up 36 percent over the first half of 2007.

Avea's revenues rose 36 percent in the same period, earning Türk Telekom YTL 1.02 billion. Additionally, Avea's earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) increased twofold to YTL 224 million. The number of Avea subscribers increased by 485,000 in the second quarter and by 1.1 million in the first half of the year, bringing the total number to 11 million, making it the least popular of the three GSM operators in Turkey.

Doany also said his company is determined to bid in the tender for Kyrgyzstan’s stateowned telecommunications company.

Kyrgyzstan plans to sell 78 percent of the shares in the state-owned Kyrgyztelecom.

Doany also noted that they are planning to introduce the “Wi-Phone” service, which will allow families to create extension numbers through their fixed lines that will ring through to separate wireless phones. Another service, which the company has dubbed WiRO, will make it possible for fixed line users to use their Wi-Fi-enabled mobile phones for the Wi-Phone service simply by removing their mobile phones’ SIM cards. He added that the necessary technical infrastructure for video calls had been completed so that fixed line users will be able to speak with other fixed line subscribers and mobile phone users through the video calling service.

Türktan said Avea will be competing in Turkey’s tender for third generation (3G) mobile communication service licenses. Ýstanbul Today's Zaman

Flyglobespan to initiate flights to Turkey

Masses queue in front of a Ziraat Bankasý branch in Þanlýurfa city. Ziraat, a public bank, has the most widespread service network in the region, to which private banks have only recently paid attention.

Bridging the banking GAP The race to attract customers in eastern Turkey is gathering pace amongst the country's major retail banks. With a large unbanked population and renewed government commitment to the development of agriculture and business in the region, the long-term opportunities for banks are potentially huge.

While banking penetration in Turkey's major cities is near European levels, issues of accessibility and trust mean that a large proportion of the rural population remains unbanked. "A significant portion of the population has no access to the services of formal banks," Burcu Araslý, the head of the microfinance division at the United Nations Development Program's Turkey office, told the Oxford Business Group (OBG). "More than 50 percent of the population keeps their money under their pillow instead of in a bank. After the crisis of 2000-01, a lot of people lost faith in banks," he said.

The country's banks are speeding up efforts to expand branch networks in the region. According to Tolga Egemen, the executive vice president of Garanti Bank, the fastest-growing bank in the country with 100 new branches opened already in 2008, there is plenty of room for expansion. "While in a country like Switzerland banks such as UBS are forced to go international in order to maintain profits and growth, in Turkey there is still a huge untapped potential, especially in the east," he said.

Although branches in rural areas are not as profitable in the short-term as those in major cities, it is important to establish a client base, according to Egemen. "The profitability of these banks varies

ANALYSIS

Matthew Youkee OXFORD BUSINESS GROUP

from region to region. A bank can become profitable in Levent in Ýstanbul in three months. In some parts of Anatolia, where it is the second or third branch, it takes two years. Where it is the first branch in an area, it is more effective," he said.

One of the Turkish government's key priorities is to increase business and agricultural opportunities in the country's Anatolian heartland.

A broad incentives package, including tax breaks, is available to businesses operating in the region and the government's renewed commitment to the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) could potentially increase available agricultural land in the region threefold via the construction of 2,000 kilometers of irrigation channels designed to carry water from the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoðan has said that GAP will provide 4 million jobs and help reduce support in the region for the separatist Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), against whom the Turkish military has been fighting a long and costly campaign.

Zeki Önder, the executive vice president of Þekerbank, told the OBG that the exploitation of Turkey's huge reserves of uncultivated land is central to the country's long-term economic growth and the reduction of its sizeable current account

deficit. "In the long term the current account deficit can only be reduced by increasing industry and production. In the past textiles, automobiles and white goods have emerged as Turkey's major competencies. Now agribusiness has emerged as the next area of potential," he said.

Large-scale projects are already under development in the region. Koç Holding, the country's biggest company, is investing $84 million to build what will be the world's fifth-largest tomato paste processing plant outside the city of Þanlýurfa.

"We expect to see movement from the government and the private sector to stimulate large business and land consolidation in the region.

Inheritance laws have been reformed to prevent the fractionalization of land and some companies are investing up to 10-15 million euros for a single high-tech greenhouse. This demonstrates the size of businesses involved," Önder told the OBG. In addition to the country's major companies, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are taking root in the region. Metin Karabiber, the assistant general manger of Fortis Bank, told local press that the country's "economic growth basically relies on SMEs in Anatolia," According to Karabiber, the bank's loans to SMEs grew from $170 million (7 percent of total loans) in 2004 to $2.5 billion (35 percent of loans) so far in 2008.

According to Önder, the gray economy in the region is also starting to shrink as local small-scale agricultural producers turn to banks for financing.

"Farmers are happy to be identified as a customer

base and moreover they are not put off by the current high interest rates as it makes little difference on small-scale loans," he said. Þekerbank takes a direct approach to building its micro-business customer base and provides tailor-made products, such as credit cards that are paid off after harvest.

The potential of the sector has also caught the eye of international financial investors. KfW Bankengruppe, a German public bank, has established a joint venture with Þekerbank, Ýþ Bankasý, AK Bank and Garanti Bank to provide 90 million euros in loans to citizens of 49 provinces. The size of this fund will grow in the future, according to Önder.

However, certain obstacles have yet to be overcome. Human resources can be a major challenge for banks in rural areas according to Remy de Cazalet, the managing director of Michael Page Turkey, an executive search company. "It is hard to find qualified staff in the east and even harder to send them there. The banks have resorted to sending staff who may have studied and worked in major cities but who have their origins in the region," he told the OBG. Representatives of Anatolian businessmen claim that banks undervalue property used as collateral for loans and that greater effort needs to be made by the government to stimulate business in the east of the country. The Van Chamber of Commerce and Industry, for example, has said that further investment incentives - including additional tax breaks, improved transport infrastructure and reduced-price energy -- are necessary to achieve further growth.

Flyglobespan, a low-cost Scottish airline based in Edinburgh, has announced that it will launch direct flights to Turkey next summer.

Considering the rising interest of British tourists in Turkish holiday spots in recent years, Flyglobespan has decided to offer direct flights to Dalaman, a popular Turkish resort. Noting in a written statement that there will be three flights a week, Flyglobespan emphasized that it chose Dalaman not only because it is an appealing vacation spot but also because it will be able to utilize the modern airport facilities in this resort town. Similarly, EasyJet, a low-cost British airline, had started offering flights to certain destinations in Turkey last year.

Flyglobespan noted that it has already started receiving booking requests for flights to Dalaman.

The airline said the flights will run from April until October, with prices starting at 99.99 pounds.

"Turkey with its rich culture, great beach resorts and reputation is bound to be a winner. Our customers told us that this is what they wanted, and we are delighted to deliver it now," said CEO Rick Green in the statement. Flyglobespan noted that other new destinations next year will include the cities of Ibiza, Malaga, Barcelona and Las Palmas, in addition to Turkey's Dalaman. Kamuran Samar, London

Forbes Turkey moves to new publisher Forbes announced on Friday that it has changed its publishing partner for its local-language edition, Forbes Turkey.

Turkuvaz Gazete Dergi Basým A.Þ., a division of Çalýk Holding which recently bought the Sabah daily and ATV, has signed an exclusive licensing agreement with Forbes to continue publishing the leading business magazine in Turkey, the company said. There will be no change in the editorial team that prepares the magazine's Turkish edition, which has a circulation of 17,000. "Forbes Turkey continues to strive to meet the needs of the nation's domestic media market," said Levent Tayla, managing director of the magazine group. Forbes Television and Licensing President Miguel Forbes stated, "We are very pleased to be working with the Çalýk Group to enhance Forbes Turkey's existing leadership position in an emerging market that is setting new standards for entrepreneurial capitalism."

Forbes publishes local-language licensee editions in China, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Poland, Russia and the United Arab Emirates. Ýstanbul Today's Zaman with wires

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22.08.2008

19:46

Page 1

10 TODAY’S ZAMAN

A single-carriage train derailed in Portugal and crashed into a river, killing one person and injuring 47, officials there said on Friday. A 47-year-old woman, whose name was not released, died when the light passenger train carrying 59 passengers left the track and plunged into the River Tua, near a hillside station and the northern town of Brunheda. Five of the injured are in serious condition, the national agency for civil protection ANPC said in a statement. State news agency Lusa quoted the president of Mirandela town hall, Jose Silvano, as saying the train driver heard one of the steel wheels make a loud noise before the carriage crashed down the eastern slope of a steep, rocky valley into the river. It ended up resting on its side and partially submerged.

Images of the accident published on the Web site of Portuguese newspaper Diario IOL showed twisted and buckled rails where the track had been, with the train lying around 10 meters (30 feet) below. Lusa said the accident happened at 10:40 a.m. (0940 GMT) and was the fourth accident on this stretch of railway in the last 18 months. The injured were taken to two hospitals and two medical centers in the region. Madrid AP

Video taken by the Spanish airport authority AENA does not show any engine explosion while Spanair MD-82 was taking off from Madrid, Spanish media reported on Friday, as investigators sought the cause of the disaster that killed 153 people. Just 19 people survived Wednesday's takeoff crash in Madrid of the Spanair twin-engine plane bound for the Canary Islands, Spain's worst air disaster in 25 years.

Contrary to some accounts by witnesses, both the El Pais and ABC newspapers said airport security video showed no engine explosion. ABC reported that plane struggled to gain altitude, never getting higher than 50 meters before it crashed, skidded, disintegrated and burned. Spain's civil aviation chief speculated the airplane must have suffered more than one kind of failure, because engine failure alone would not be enough to bring the plane down.

"There has been more than one breakdown," Manuel Batista, the head of Spain's Civil Aviation, was quoted as saying by El Pais. "I am not so sure that the engine failed." Batista said modern aircraft are designed to fly on just one engine in an emer-

Relatives of victims of the Spanair jet crash wait for transportation outside a hotel in Madrid. gency and pilots must practice doing just this.

Investigators from the US National Transportation Safety Board in the United States and Boeing -- which owns airplane maker

McDonnell Douglas -- and engine manufacturer Pratt & Whitney have arrived in Spain to help with the probe. The plane abandoned one takeoff attempt because of a mechanical problem with what

IMMIGRATION

US agency scraps self-deportation plan

REFORMS

Russýa pulls out of sectýons of Georgýa REUTERS

Medvedev had promised to have his troops out of Georgia by Friday -- but a top Russian general amended that prediction, saying it could take at least 10 days

PHOTO

A pilot program allowing illegal immigrants to surrender to authorities to avoid jail and have more control over their deportation has been dubbed a failure. US Immigration and Customs Enforcement says it is ending its "Scheduled Departure" program when the three-week trial concludes Friday. Only eight people participated in the program, officials said. "Quite frankly, I think this proves the only method that works is enforcement," Jim Hayes, acting director of ICE's detention and removal operations, told The Associated Press on Thursday. ICE said it hatched the plan to give illegal immigrants under court order to leave more control over their departure and to calm criticism by immigrant advocates that its enforcement efforts were disruptive to families. "They want amnesty, they want open borders, and they want a more vulnerable America," Hayes said. While immigrant rights activists ridiculed the program, they're now worried its failure will embolden enforcement. Santa Ana, California AP

Gaddafi's son says he's leaving politics Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi's son announced he will no longer be involved in politics, calling for democratic reforms and denying he would succeed his father, as many have expected. Seif al-Islam Gaddafi addressed thousands of young Libyans in the southern city of Sabha on Wednesday in a lengthy speech broadcast on state-run television. "I have decided not to intervene in state affairs," said the younger Gaddafi, dressed in a dark business suit. "In the past, I used to intervene (in politics) due to the absence of institutions," he added. He gave no explanation for his decision, and in Libya's extremely opaque politics it could not immediately be determined if it will seriously be carried out. Seif al-Islam acknowledged the move could raise speculation of a rift between him and his father, but denied that was the case. There have been no public signs of any dispute between the two. "I don't have any problem" with the elder Gaddafi, he said. "I just met with him before I came here." The younger Gaddafi holds no official post but has grown in prominence in recent years, directing economic reforms and playing a major role in negotiations with the West that restoring Libya's ties after decades of isolation.

That fueled speculation he was being groomed to take power after his 66-year-old father steps down or dies, although Seif al-Islam has denied it in the past. Tripoli AP

VIOLENCE

Somali rebels take Kismayu, death toll hits 70

A Russian military column leaves the Georgian town of Gori on Friday.

Waves of hulking Russian military convoys rolled out of positions in Georgia on Friday -- leaving Senaki, Gori and Igoeti -as Russia tried to fulfill at least part of Russian President Dmitry Medvedev's promise to withdraw forces from its small southern neighbor.

In western Georgia, a column of 83 tanks, APCs and trucks hauling artillery moved away from the Senaki military base north toward the border of the breakaway Abkhazia region on Friday afternoon.

Georgian police said the vehicles came from the base, which has been under Russian control for over a week.

In central Georgia, at least 40 Russian military vehicles left the strategic city of Gori, heading north toward South Ossetia and Russia. Gori straddles the country's main east-west highway south of South Ossetia, the separatist region at the heart of the fighting.

An AP reporter in Igoeti, meanwhile, confirmed that Russian forces had pulled up from their former checkpoints around the crossroads village. Igoeti, on the road between Gori and the Georgian capital of Tbilisi, had been the Russian's closest position to the Georgian capital.

"We are seeing the pullback of Russian troops" from Gori, Georgian security council chief Alexander Lomaia confirmed Friday.

Medvedev had promised to have his troops out of Georgia by Friday -- but a top Russian general amended that prediction, saying it could take at least 10 days before the bulk of Russian troops and hardware could be withdrawn.

The short but intense war on Russia's southern border has deeply strained relations between Russia and the West.

Russia has frozen its military cooperation with NATO, Moscow's Cold War foe, underscoring a growing division in Europe. Georgia has wanted to join NATO, a move that angered Russia. Igoeti AP

the airline called an air intake gauge near the cockpit. But aviation experts have said this, too, was unlikely to have caused the crash.

The investigation into what brought down the plane is likely to take months, though information could come earlier from the two recovered black boxes. Spanair says one of them -- the one that records technical data on the flight -- is damaged.

Three of the survivors remained in critical condition Friday. One of those worst injured, a 40-yearold woman who suffered burns over 45 percent of her body, has experienced a slight improvement, the Madrid regional health department saidon Friday. Five of the survivors were sitting toward the front of the plane, El Pais said.

One of them was 30-year-old Spanish telecoms engineer Rafael Vidal, who was bumped off an earlier flight because it filled up and ended up taking the doomed one. "Flying first class is what saved him," said his mother, Pilar Rodriguez, according to the daily. Relatives of those killed in the crash kept up the heart-wrenching ordeal of identifying bodies Friday. Madrid AP

Aussie officials euthanize lost baby whale The situation had grown desperate. The baby was starving, injured and hours from death.

Despite anguished cries of "Murder!" and "Shame!" from protesters in boats nearby, an abandoned baby humpback whale that spent nearly a week in the waters off north Sydney nuzzling and trying to suckle from yachts it apparently mistook for its mother was euthanized on Friday.

The decision to end the calf's life marked a sad ending to a saga that has dominated news coverage here and created a sharp divide in opinions over what should have been done to help the whale, nicknamed "Colin."

Attempts to tow the calf out to sea failed, with it preferring to stick close to the boats in the inlet where it was first sighted Sunday. A few people designed feeding mechanisms they hoped could deliver nourishment to the animal, but officials deemed artificial nursing impossible. An Aboriginal whale whisperer tried to soothe the creature, patting it while singing a humming, tongue-rolling tune -- but Colin eventually swam away to nuzzle another boat. In the end, wildlife officials had no other choice but to end the whale's misery, said Sally Barnes, deputy director-general of the New South Wales Department of Environment and Climate Change.

"It's a very sad day -- it's a very emotional day," a wearylooking Barnes said as she stood in the rain soon after the creature was dragged to a beach and injected with lethal drugs. "People have become very attached to this whale."

The 14-foot (4.5-meter) -long animal's condition deteriorated rapidly Thursday, prompting officials to make the decision to end its life. By Friday morning, the whale was starving and riddled with parasites, appeared to have been attacked by sharks, and had drifted into very shallow waters, Barnes said.

Wildlife officials in half a dozen boats corralled the creature into an area near the shore and injected it with a sedative. The whale could be seen thrashing and struggling in the chilly, gray waters as workers began towing it toward the beach. Several officials slowly stroked the animal's back as it became still, eventually hoisting it onto the beach and administering a lethal injection. Gray tarps were hung around the animal's body to obstruct the view of journalists and protesters in nearby boats. Officials blocked the media from accessing the inlet by land, and maritime police patrolled the waters and stopped anyone from approaching.

The body was later sent to Sydney's Taronga Zoo for an examination. "Shame! Shame!" yelled Brett Devine, a marine salvage and rescue worker who had hoped to feed the whale a milk and krill concoction via a tube that lay unused on his boat. "It's shameful what we've done here today," he said angrily as he and his son stood on the boat watching the whale's body on shore. "It's very un-Australian. It's disgusting." Barnes and other marine experts defended the euthanization, insisting the whale died in the most humane way possible. "This animal needed to be destroyed," said Steve Coleman, an official with the animal welfare group RSPCA. "It was cruel to keep it alive." Sydney AP

PHOTO

Rebels seized control of a port in southern Somalia on Friday after the worst fighting there for months killed 70 people, residents said. The loss of the port of Kismayu to the al-Shabaab insurgents was yet another blow for the interim government, which signed a peace deal with some opposition figures this week that has done little to end violence racking the Horn of Africa nation.

Battles between the rebels and a pro-government clan militia broke out in the south on Wednesday. "Kismayu is under our control. We overpowered them and concluded the fighting," Sheik Mukhtar Robow, a spokesman for the rebels, told Reuters by telephone.

"We're still chasing those fighters who ran away. The situation is calm and we urge the people to stay peaceful." Local rights activists and residents said 70 people died in fighting that started on Wednesday. Scores were wounded. The al-Shabaab rebel group has been waging an Iraq-style insurgency of mortar attacks, roadside bombings and assassinations targeting Somalia's interim government and its Ethiopian military allies since the start of last year. Nationwide, the violence in Somalia has killed more than 8,000 civilians and driven another 1 million from their homes. Kismayu Reuters

WORLD

No engine explosion in Spanair plane, video shows AP

Train derails in Portugal, one person dead, 47 hurt

PHOTO

ACCIDENT

S AT U R D AY, AUGUST 2 3 , 2 0 0 8

REUTERS

T10-23-08-08.qxd

Iraq wants US troops deal to expire in three years Iraq wants an agreement authorizing the continued presence of US troops on its soil to expire in three years, government spokesman Ali al-Dabbagh said on Friday.

Washington and Baghdad say they are close to signing the deal, which is required to allow US forces to stay on in Iraq beyond the end of this year when a UN Security Council mandate ends. A draft of the agreement is be-

ing circulated to Iraqi political leaders for their approval. Iraqi officials say that, although the draft contains no firm schedule for a US withdrawal, they want the agreement to require US forces to move off of most Iraqi streets by the middle of 2009 and combat troops to go home by the end of 2011.

Dabbagh said Iraq wants to negotiate a firm date by which all US forces

must pull out of the country, and wants the agreement allowing them to stay to be valid for only three years.

US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice visited Baghdad unannounced on Thursday to help prod the deal along. She denied that a final agreement had been reached, but said it was close, and any timelines for withdrawal would have to be "feasible." Baghdad Reuters

Australian parks and wildlife service workers touch a whale calf as it is dragged from the water in Pittwater, 40 km (25 miles) north of Sydney, on Friday.

T11-23-08-08.qxd

22.08.2008

19:47

Page 1

WORLD

TODAYâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ZAMAN 11

S AT U R D AY, AUGUST 2 3 , 2 0 0 8

Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama is hours away from naming his running mate, as little-known Texas congressman Chet Edwards is emerging as a finalist. Democratic officials say that Edwards was one of the few Democrats whose background was checked by Obama's campaign, and he was a finalist for the job. Edwards is among a small circle of people mentioned, including Virginia Gov. Tim Kaine, Kansas Gov. Kathleen Sebelius and Sen. Joe Biden of Delaware and Evan Bayh of Indiana. Obama was expected to text message his choice late on Friday or today.

He is scheduled to appear with his No. 2 today at a massive rally in his home state of Illinois and undertake a tour of battleground states before the Democratic National Convention starts Monday in Denver. Obama has been tight-lipped. On the Republican side, party officials said late on Thursday that McCain has not settled on a running mate, although former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney and Minnesota Gov. Tim Pawlenty were under serious consideration. Washington AP

NUKES

Nations fail to agree on plan, set Sept. talks A 45-nation meeting on whether to lift a ban on nuclear trade with India ended inconclusively on Friday after many concerns were raised, leaving the future of a controversial US-Indian nuclear deal unclear. The countries in the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) will meet again on Sept. 4-5 to resolve the matter, diplomats said. The group must agree to allow nuclear fuel and technology exports to India to help seal the 2005 US-Indian accord.

The bilateral deal has disturbed pro-disarmament nations and campaigners because India has declined to join the global Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and developed nuclear bombs with Western technology imported ostensibly for civilian ends.

Washington and some allies assert that it will shift India, the world's largest democracy, towards the non-proliferation treaty and will combat global warming by fostering use of low-polluting nuclear energy in developing economies. But to the apparent surprise of Washington at the two-day meeting, almost half the suppliers' group membership proposed amendments to a US draft for a waiver which would allow India to do business with the cartel, diplomats said. Vienna Reuters

Pakistan's ruling parties reverted on Friday to a power struggle that has hamstrung their government, a day after a massive suicide attack demonstrated the need for strong leadership.

Rifts that could bring down the government have reappeared since it succeeded on Monday in forcing former army strongman Pervez Musharraf to resign from the presidency. Twin suicide blasts that killed at least 67 people outside Pakistan's main weapons-manufacturing complex on Thursday were a bloody reminder of the threat to the South Asian country from Islamic extremists.

But by Friday, Pakistan's civilian leaders were back in meetings on how to restore judges ousted by Musharraf last year and who should succeed him as head of state. Pakistan's election commission announced on Friday that lawmakers will elect the new president on Sept. 6. The party of Nawaz Sharif, a two-time former prime minister and bitter foe of Musharraf, had threatened to quit the governing coalition without an agreement by Friday.

But after talks with other coalition leaders, Sharif set Wednesday as a new deadline -- already the third since Musharraf's ouster -- for the restoration of the judges. Sharif's party is the junior partner to the Pakistan People's Party of assassinated former premier Benazir Bhutto. They joined forces against Musharraf after sweeping aside his allies in February parliamentary elections.

The United States and other Western countries, who had counted for years on Musharraf to counter al-Qaeda and the

Nawaz Sharif Taliban, hoped the democratic mandate of the new government -- dominated by moderate parties and with a sweeping majority -- would continue that fight. Ordinary Pakistanis are even more anxious for the government to do something about the skyrocketing inflation and inequality holding much of the population in poverty.

But the two main political parties, staffed by Pakistan's narrow elite, are traditional rivals whose election pledge to restore an independent judiciary is bogged down in political maneuvering. Sharif on Friday accused Zardari of failing to respect an agreement to bring back the justices within 24 hours of Musharraf's resignation.

Having granted smaller coalition partners a request for three extra days to consider the ramifications, he said the parties would now draw up a resolution on restoring the judges and introduce it to Parliament on Monday. "Technically,

by Aug. 19, the judges should have been reinstated," Sharif told reporters.

The resolution "should be debated on Monday and Tuesday, and on Wednesday this resolution should be passed and the

Republican presidential candidate Sen. John McCain

judges should be reinstated," he said.

Sharif was immediately contradicted by one of two smaller coalition parties.

"Wednesday should not be considered the final word. There could be a delay of a day or two. But you will see results in a week or so," said Maulana Fazlur Rehman.

A leader of a powerful lawyers' movement that has mounted street protests in favor of the judges issued a veiled warning against any further backsliding. "Many promises to the nation have not been honored," Tariq Mehmood said. "If somebody thinks that people will be satisfied after Musharraf's removal, let me tell you that people want the rule of law."

Sharif argues that a simple order from the prime minister is enough to put the judges back on the bench. But Zardari has consistently blocked that, arguing that it requires a constitutional amendment.

Musharraf, who was also army chief until November, imposed emergency rule and purged the Supreme Court to prevent it from disqualifying him from continuing as a civilian president. Zardari, like Musharraf, accuses the judges of being too political. Analysts suggest his hostility could also reflect concern that they could reopen corruption cases against him dating back to his wife's two spells as prime minister in the 1990s. Sharif, meanwhile, may view the judges as allies if he follows through with threats to have Musharraf tried for treason -- a charge punishable by death. Sharif has also been more reserved than Zardari about embracing Pakistan's unpopular role as a chief ally of the US-led war on terrorism. Islamabad AP

Obama raps McCainâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s uncertainty on houses he owns

PHOTO

WEATHER

Fay hits Florida with heavy rain for 5th day Tropical Storm Fay continued a slow, wet trudge across Florida for a fifth day on Friday, prompting communities farther inland and on the state's Gulf coast to brace for what could be drenching rains. At least five deaths in Florida have been blamed on the storm, bringing Fay's overall death toll to 28, with most of the fatalities in the Caribbean. The erratic storm has dumped more than 2 feet (60 centimeters) of rain along parts of Florida's low-lying central Atlantic coast. It is just the fourth storm to make landfall in Florida three separate times, and the first in nearly 50 years. Before it crosses northwestern Florida over the weekend, it could bring 4 to 8 inches (10 to 20 centimeters) in some areas, forecasters said. Isolated tornadoes were possible in parts of northeastern Florida, southeastern Georgia and southern South Carolina, the National Hurricane Center said. At 11 a.m. (1200 GMT), the storm's center was just west of Gainesville, about 40 miles (65 kilometers) northeast of Cedar Key and moving west near 5 mph (8 kph), according to the National Hurricane Center. Melbourne, Florida AP

PHOTO

Nawaz Sharif sets new ultimatum for Pakistani coalition; polls on Sept. 6

TEUTERS

Barack Obama set to announce VP pick

AP

POLLS

Pakistani Shiite Muslims protest against the bomb blast in Wah, in Multan on Friday. Two Pakistani Taliban suicide bombers blew themselves up outside the country's main defense industry complex on Thursday, killing at least 67 people.

RULING

Court turns down Khodorkovsky parole A Russian court on Friday rejected jailed oil tycoon Mikhail Khodorkovsky's request for early release from an eight-year sentence for tax evasion and fraud. Khodorkovsky's lawyer called the decision politically motivated and said he would appeal. Judge Igor Falileyev said Khodorkovsky was ineligible for parole because he had refused to undertake professional training at his prison, which specializes in sewing, and because of an incident in which he flouted prison rules.

Khodorkovsky appeared calm as the decision was announced at a court in the Siberian city of Chita, reacting only with a small shake of his head. "The judicial system won't be reformed any time soon," he said, as he was hustled out of the court by guards. Khodorkovsky -- who headed the Yukos oil company and was once Russia's richest man -- has spent almost five years in jail.

He was sentenced in 2005 to an eight-year term and has been eligible for parole for the past 10 months. His parole hearing had been seen as a test of new President Dmitry Medvedev's commitment to reforming Russia's judiciary. Chita AP

Over 40 Taliban militants killed in Afghan clashes US-led troops attacked a compound where Taliban leaders were meeting in western Afghanistan, killing 30 militants, American and Afghan officials said on Friday. Another 11 militants reportedly died in a separate clash in the south.

The coalition was striking back against insurgents opposed to the Western-backed government of President Hamid Karzai who have stepped up attacks on foreign and Afghan troops. In the bloodiest incident, the coalition said its troops called in airstrikes on the compound in the Shindand district of Herat province on Thursday. Some 30 militants were killed and five others were detained, spokesman 1st Lt. Nathan Perry said.

The troops found a haul of weapons and ammunition inside the compound, he said.

An Afghan Defense Ministry spokesman, Gen. Mohammad Zaher Azimi, confirmed the clash but said five of the 30 dead were civilians.

It was not immediately possible to explain the discrepancy. The operation was launched after an intelligence report that a Taliban commander, Mullah Siddiq, was inside the compound presiding over a meeting of militants, Azimi said. Siddiq was one of those killed during the raid, Azimi said.

A roadside bomb in the country's

Afghan President Hamid Karzai

east, meanwhile, killed a US coalition service member on Friday, the US military said in a statement. The coalition did not provide other details on the incident or the victim's nationality.

Another roadside blast on Friday hit an Italian army's armored vehicle some 20 kilometers (12 miles) north of Kabul, wounding three Italian soldiers Friday, the Italian Defense Ministry said. Separately, Afghan and international troops clashed Thursday with militants in Khas Uruzgan district of Uruzgan province, killing 11 militants, said provincial police Chief Juma Gul Himat.

Three Afghan troops were wounded in the fight, Himat said. Authorities recovered the bodies of the dead militants, he said.

While most of Afghanistan's violence affects the southern and eastern regions that border Pakistan, militants have also been active in western areas bordering Iran. Kabul AP

Democrat Barack Obama attacked Republican John McCain on Thursday for not knowing how many houses he owns and said it proves his presidential rival is out of touch with the economic struggles of most Americans.

Obama said during a campaign swing through the battleground state of Virginia that he had made up his mind on a vice presidential running mate but gave no hints on who it would be as he shifted the focus to McCain and the economy.

Expanding on a new Democratic line of attack, Obama questioned the lifestyle of McCain and his wife, Cindy. In an interview on Wednesday with the Politico newspaper, the Arizona senator was asked how many houses he owns with his wife, a wealthy heiress to a beer distributorship.

"I think -- I'll have my staff get to you," McCain replied.

"It's condominiums where -- I'll have them get to you. The Politico said McCain's staff counted at least four houses, although other media reports found at least seven."

Obama noted McCain said in a forum on faith last week that making $5 million was his definition of a someone who was rich, and that McCain said on Wednesday the economy was "fundamentally" strong.

"I guess if you think that being rich means you've got to make $5 million and if you don't know how many houses you have, then it's not surprising that you might think the economy was fundamentally strong," said Obama, an Illinois senator. "But if you're like me, and you've got one house, or you are like the millions of people who are struggling right now to keep up with their mortgage so they don't lose their home, you might have a different perspective."

Obama's house in the affluent Chicago neighborhood of Hyde Park is worth more than $1.5 million, and McCain's campaign was quick to mock the idea of Obama as a middle-class everyman.

"Does a guy who made more than $4 million last year, just got back from vacation on a private beach in Hawaii and bought his own million-dollar mansion with the help of a convicted felon really want to get into a debate about houses?" asked McCain spokesman Brian Rogers.

The McCain campaign launched a Web site detailing Obama's relationship to convicted Chicago businessman Tony Rezko, a former fundraiser for Obama who helped him buy a lot adjoining his house.

Rezko was convicted of fraud, attempted bribery and money laundering in June in a corruption case that did not involve Obama, who has severed connections with Rezko.

The economy has become the centerpiece of the tightening Nov. 4 presidential election battle, with polls showing it is the top issue in a close race.

Republicans and McCain have pounded Obama for months as an elitist, but Democrats have turned the tables in the past few weeks by noting McCain's many houses and his taste for $500 shoes.

The Obama campaign sent surrogates into more than a dozen states to discuss McCain's comments on his houses, and jumped on the issue with a 30-second television ad.

"When asked how many houses he owns, McCain lost track. He couldn't remember. It's seven," the ad's narrator says. As the screen shows the White House, he adds, "And here's one house America can't afford to let John McCain move into." Chester, Va. Reuters

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CONTINUATION

TODAY’S ZAMAN 17

S AT U R D AY, A U G U S T 2 3 , 2 0 0 8

Legal status of Turkish Straits and passage regime

PHOTO

AA

Former PM Erbakan thanks President Gül for pardon

Necmettin Erbakan

Former Prime Minister Necmettin Erbakan yesterday thanked President Abdullah Gül for granting him a pardon, freeing Erbakan from serving out the remainder of a prison sentence on a corruption conviction.

At a press conference held at a mosque in the Aegean town of Altýnoluk, Erbakan said: "It is my duty to thank Mr. President. He has performed a great act of maturity."

President Gül on Tuesday pardoned the former prime minister, who was convicted on charges of corruption and has been serving the sentence at home.

The Supreme Court of Appeals in April of last year upheld a local court's

decision to sentence Erbakan to serve a nearly two-and-a-half-year prison sentence at home. To justify his pardon, Gül cited a report prepared by forensic medicine authorities showing that Erbakan's health was deteriorating.

Erbakan, who also led the now-defunct Welfare Party (RP), was sentenced to two years, four months behind bars in a lawsuit known as the "lost trillion" case, but was able to postpone serving his sentence by submitting medical reports to the court. The lost trillion case concerns the disappearance of more than TL 1 trillion in Treasury grants to the RP. Gül was also a suspect in the lost trillion case, but he could never be brought

to trial as he was protected under parliamentary immunity since he was a deputy at the time. Criticism directed at Gül for the pardon was quite strong from some of the Turkish press, with the opposition accusing Gül of "pardoning himself."

Ten years ago Turkey's Constitutional Court shut down Erbakan's then-ruling RP on the grounds that it sought to overthrow Turkey's secular system and set up an Islamic state. The chief prosecutor of the Supreme Court of Appeals accused leaders of the AK Party, which split from Erbakan's movement and came to power in 2002, of pursuing the same agenda.

The prosecutor also sought a political ban for Gül. Ýstanbul Today's Zaman

contýnued from page 14 a) Obligation to notify Turkish authorities prior to passage -- under Article 13, countries adjacent to the Black Sea have to send prior notification eight days before passage. Countries not adjacent to the Black Sea have to make this notification 15 days before passage. Passage has to be made within five days after notification. b) Total tonnage restriction -- under Article 14, with the exceptions of conditions contained in Article 3 and Annex 3, the maximum tonnage of foreign naval forces passing through the straits shall not exceed 15,000 tons. However, under Article 11, countries adjacent to the Black Sea may dispatch their vessels exceeding the limit set in Article 14 provided they are accompanied by no more than two destroyers. c) Type of war vessels -- for instance, aircraft carriers are not allowed to pass through the Turkish Straits. d) Obligation for submarines to pass in daylight and on the surface -- Article 12 recognizes some rights on the passage of submarines only for countries adjacent to the Black Sea. e) Detailed restrictions imposed upon total tonnage and stay time in the Black Sea of war vessels belonging to countries not adjacent to the Black Sea -- Article 18 states countries not adjacent to the Black Sea may have a total tonnage of up to 30,000 tons in times of peace with the exception of conditions set forth in the agreement, in which case the aggregate tonnage should not exceed 45,000 tons.

Naturally, in times of war, if Turkey is a belligerent, it may act as it wants and is allowed to close the straits to all foreign war vessels (Article 20). This article applies if Turkey considers itself faced with an immediate threat of war. However, it is required to notify the UN secretary-general on this matter (Article 21).

The Montreux Convention is the only convention in the world that administers the passage of foreign war vessels through the Turkish Straits and the legal status of these vessels on their entrance into the Black Sea as well as their stay.

Termination of Montreux Convention The Montreux Convention was designed to remain in effect for 20 years instead of 70, as per Article 28. Under an existing provision, if two years prior to the expiry of the agreement no contracting party has sent prior notification to the French government to terminate the convention, it will remain in effect for two years until after such notice is given. In any case, every five years after the agreement entered into force, any of the contracting parties may attempt to propose amendments to provisions of this convention (Article 29).

In the event of the convention's termination following prior notification submitted by any contracting party, the principle of safe navigation and passage as outlined in Article 1 of the convention will remain in effect without any time limitation. The meaning and scope of this principle is a matter of discussion at this point. Does it refer to a transit regime as outlined in the 1982 UNCLOS, or does it refer to another regime? Moreover, will Article 1 be applicable to both commercial vessels and war vessels? Turkey needs to be prepared for such questions.

Future of the Turkish Straits When the Montreux Convention entered into force, the largest tonnage of a war vessel was 30,000 tons.

The US is not party to the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne or the 1936 Montreux Convention. However, the convention also binds the US because of the objective status it created.

Additionally, the US's desire to have war vessels in the Black Sea is known. The passage of an aircraft carrier would mean the passage of a 100,000-ton vessel. According to the US, this suggests that the Montreux Convention needs to be revised in accordance with current standards. Romania and Bulgaria, two Black Sea littoral countries that ratified the convention, have signed military agreements with the US. To this end, they serve as elements that support the American strategy to maintain a presence in the Black Sea. With these developments, Turkey needs to develop new strategies to effectively respond to these American wishes.

YARSAV’s Eminaðaoðlu blames typo in military report PHOTO

Ömer Faruk Eminaðaoðlu, the chairman of the Judges and Prosecutors Association (YARSAV), announced yesterday that what appears to be a falsification in a health report that exempted him from military service was caused by a typo.

The Yeni Þafak daily claimed earlier this week that Eminaðaoðlu had falsified a health report to evade Turkey's compulsory military service. Similar charges were leveled against former Democratic Society party (DTP) leader Nurettin Demirtaþ, who was convicted and sentenced to one year in jail.

Yeni Þafak stated that the military hospital had not initially exempted Eminaðaoðlu from his military duties but then, after 15 days, this decision was changed and Eminaðaoðlu was freed from fulfilling the obligatory military service. The daily also said the YARSAV chairman had used the reports from a medical operation he underwent when he was 17. The Justice Ministry reportedly initiated investigations into the issue upon hearing the claims.

In a press conference yesterday

MEHMET KAMAN

The chairman of the Judges and Prosecutors Association has denied allegations that he evaded military service by submitting a faked health report

Ömer Faruk Eminaðaoðlu

Eminaðaoðlu said he had only one report, from the year 1988, declaring him unfit for military duty due to two past operations he had undergone. He said

the report allegedly from 1984, on which Yeni Þafak based its claims, was the result of a typo. "They hit eight instead of four. The date and the month are correct.

You are not called for military duty two times, just once. How could I be given two reports at different times?"

He said Yeni Þafak's report was part of a campaign against YARSAV. He also noted that he was going to take legal action against the daily.

Denying all accusations against him, Eminaðaoðlu said: "I have undergone two medical operations. My first surgery was on Oct. 18, 1988. When my health check was done for the military, the officials wanted my reports when they saw the surgery scars. Then I was told that I could not be enlisted in the army for military service. I submitted these reports to the Justice Ministry when I applied to be a judge."

Eminaðaoðlu, who may undergo a medical test again following these claims, added, "I am not evading anything." He also noted that he still has the report. "This is slander.

I will file a court case," he said.

Military service usually lasts about 15 months in Turkey and is obligatory for all able-bodied Turkish men. Turks who dodge military service usually receive stiff punishments. Ýstanbul Today's Zaman

ÝETT drivers slow down busses to protest payroll delay PHOTO

AA

contýnued from page 1 Orhan Ýlhan, deputy chairman of the Ýstanbul branch of Hizmet-Ýþ, explained that delays in issuing paychecks put municipality workers in a difficult position. "The problem involves about 5,200 workers, and delays have been happening for over four years," said Ýlhan, adding that they would continue to protest if necessary. "Drivers and other support personnel are getting paid almost 15 days late, and this is simply not acceptable." He also noted that the Sultanbeyli bus line had stopped running altogether as of yesterday.

The union had already staged a slowdown on Aug. 12th to protest paychecks being deposited late, but the management chose to ignore their demands, Ýlhan said. ÝETT spokesperson Zeki Gümüþ, however, disputed the union's complaints, saying that delays in salary payments are not that common.

Speaking on the phone, he explained that the loss of revenue during summer has caused recent delays in payroll payments because schools are out and many city residents have been on vacation.

Private bus operators in the city did not join the slowdown, easing the otherwise unbearable traffic problem for commuters. Emine Demirci, a 30-year-old teacher, said she was not affected by the slowdown since the private carriers were all operating on time. She said some ÝETT drivers had also not participated in the slowdown, as she had boarded a municipal bus in the morning with no problem.

Serdar Candan, a private bus driver, said, "The slowdown has nothing to do with us."

Asked whether the slowdown will benefit the union drivers, he shrugged his shoulders. "The

slowdown will not serve their interests as the public did not even notice," he noted. "I haven't heard any complaints so far."

The slowdown led to delays during rush hour, and skirmishes and verbal exchanges were seen between drivers and passengers who

wanted to get to work on time. One ÝETT driver, speaking on condition of anonymity, told Today's Zaman that "the slowdown will not benefit us as there is no public support for it."

He argued that the union should have staged a complete stoppage, rather than a slowdown.

CM Y K

He described how a metro bus driver that morning had been beaten up by passengers who were angry because he was driving too slowly. "[The drivers] are being punished for the mistakes of the Ýstanbul Municipality," he said. Zehra Saygýn / Yakup Abutar Ýstanbul

Fertility proposals draw mixed response from health industry The Turkish health industry has given a mixed response to proposals made Thursday by Health Minister Recep Akdað to impose stricter regulations on infertility treatments in an effort to reduce the number of high-risk pregnancies.

Some industry associations defended the proposals, which would include reducing the number of embryo transfers from three to two, saying such measures would decrease high-risk multiple pregnancies. Yet others said such regulations could have adverse effects on the health industry.

Reproductive Health and Infertility Association President Bülent Urman said in many countries legislation restricts embryo transfers to limit high-risk pregnancies. "Particularly in European countries, the number is limited to one," he noted. He also said he supports the proposal that would take away doctors' right to decide on the number of embryo transfers. Urman disagreed, however, on the requirement that infertility clinics have neonatal intensive care units. "Many parents come from rural areas to receive fertility treatment, but they give birth in their hometowns," he noted.

Society for Reproductive Medicine Deputy Chairman Recai Pabuçcu said, "The ideal number of embryo transfers is two," adding, "If the number of transfers is greater than two, this can cause multiple pregnancies rather than leading to an increased rate of pregnancy." Pabuçcu also pointed to the importance of the quality of embryos used in the treatment. "The chance of getting pregnant does not even reach 20 percent when moderate or low-quality embryos are used," he stated, adding, "If high quality embryos are used, the figure goes up to 50 percent."

Pabuçcu pointed out that many women seeking infertility treatment in Turkey are over 38 years of age and that the embryos obtained from this age group are low in number as well as in quality. He suggested that the proposals should be changed to reflect this fact. "Embryo transfer should be at least three for people over 35," he said. Ýstanbul Today's Zaman

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