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08 SUNDAY’S ZAMAN

S U N D AY, A U G U S T 3 1 , 2 0 0 8

NATIONAL

Publýc toýlets beýng modernýzed for 2010 European Capýtal of Culture contýnued from page 1 The WTO is committed to improving toilet and sanitation conditions worldwide.

Habip hosted Sim last year in Turkey and they worked together on reforms for public toilets in Turkey. Every year, the WTO holds a symposium in a different member country. Habip plans to organize the 2009 World Toilet Summit in Turkey.

Emin Çakmak is the Turkey representative of the Inaugural General Assembly of the World Toilet Association, founded in Korea in 2006 by Sim JaeDuck. The assembly is certified by the UN, supported

by UNICEF and has branch offices in 56 countries. In fact, the founder of the association is so enthusiastic about toilets that he lives in a toilet-shaped house.

Toilet institutions should be established Habip's main complaint revolves around the unsanitary conditions of public restrooms, which he says has two causes. First, tourists do not share the Turkish toilet culture and are unaware of how to use the traditional Turkish squat toilet.

The second issue, he says, is that mosque charities want to profit from mosque toilets.

Habip feels it is wrong to collect a fee from these "public" toilets. He suggests that the Directorate of Religious Affairs should undertake the costs of maintaining these toilets, especially in tourist sites. Similarly, Çakmak notes that the restroom situation does not comply with Islamic rules because the toilets are not clean. He added that water heated to 35 degrees Celsius needs to be used in order for microbes to be killed, but that water at this temperature is rarely found.

According to a study conducted by UNICEF, 35 percent of infant deaths are caused by parasites found in toilets. Habip stressed that Muslims should set a good example of cleanliness and a way to do this is by paying much attention to the issue of hygiene in public restrooms. "People already pay taxes.

No extra money is necessary to keep the toilets clean." He claims that people do not pay to use toi-

lets at places of worship in any other place in the world and that it cannot be considered acceptable to collect money for toilets in a country whose population mostly comprises Muslims. Habip emphasized that a financial source and coordination center should be formed as part of an institution founded by the Directorate of Religious Affairs and related ministries. "In this way, restrooms, which are supposed to be cleaned in shifts, will be more hygienic and clean and satisfy people's needs."

Habip is also concerned about the lack of interest from local governments. He has corresponded with various organizations, hoping to make toilets free in metros, train stations, museums and at airports. These efforts have paid off as the practice of charging for restroom use has been withdrawn at airports and museums. His organization also got in touch with the Handicapped People's Union to cooperate in developing standards for toilets for the handicapped, though results are yet to materialize. Çakmak approaches the issue differently. He emphasized that hygiene alone is not enough but that accessibility by the elderly and handicapped are of importance. By taking these issues into consideration, Çakmak and his colleagues have prepared projects based on standards applied in North Korea. For example, he has signed a protocol with the mayor of Ýstanbul's Þiþli municipality, Mustafa Sarýgül, to build a public restroom in Maçka Park. Similarly, he has agreed with Yalova Mayor Barbaros Binicioðlu for another project near the ÝDO docks. He stated that his main duty is to give project support to the municipalities that want to build clean restrooms and to control the undertaking of projects. "The management of the toilets should be overseen by the Women's Cooperative Union … and handicapped people should be given preference in hiring as the managers of these restrooms, as it is in Korea." He added that these are the preconditions to give support for the projects in Korea. The control of the toilets is provided by volunteer supervisors.

Habip says that serious studies need to be performed in Ýstanbul, especially in the district of

Sim Jae-Duck Chairman of the World Toilet Association

2010, the year in which Ýstanbul will serve as the European Capital of Culture, is fast approaching and Turkey has a long way to go to improve public toilet facilities, Public Toilets Association President Ýmdat Habip says

PHOTO

AP

The photo shows toilets shaped like a giant soccer ball near the World Cup soccer stadium in Suwon, south of Seoul. Some 2 million people die each year -- including 4,500 children a day - due to the poor hygiene stemming from the absence of proper restrooms, a problem faced by 40 percent of the world's population, the WTA says.

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Eminönü, which many tourists frequent.

Otherwise, Ýstanbul cannot be a capital of culture.

He cited China, which hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics, as an example, pointing out that China had concentrated on toilet problems and repaired old and neglected toilets during the run up to the Olympic Games to ensure visitors were satisfied.

Habip added that there are no restrooms available in tourist sites such as beaches, ski slopes and on Mount Nemrut. If they do exist, they are not hygienic. This is caused by inappropriate infrastructure; however, there is an alternative to solve the problem: portable toilets. Habip leases portable toilets, a relatively new concept in Turkey. He criticizes the government for spending a large amount of money on tourism and not using any of it to improve public restroom facilities. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism should address this issue, he says.

Habip worked with the vice president of Providence Health, Mehmet Pektaþ, for some time and also wants to meet with Ýstanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture Board of Directors President M. Nuri Çolakoðlu about the World Toilet Summit. Similarly, Çakmak indicated that Çolakoðlu should put public restrooms onto his agenda; however, he said it is rather late for such projects to be implemented in the country compared to other places. Habip called for local governments, health administrations and district governorships to give some consideration to the idea. Çakmak said checks on the condition of public restrooms are ordered by the Ministry of Domestic Affairs in Korea and a similar application should be practiced in Turkey as well. He met with Atilla Koç during his ministry, however, they could not move forward with the idea because of political instability.

On the other hand, Habip praised former Eminönü Mayor Ahmet Çetinsay for his work in getting school toilets repaired. Çakmak also voiced his appreciation for the Opet Board of Directors member Nurten Öztürk for her launch of a clean toilet campaign and for her services in schools, which included presenting cartoons about toilet education in cooperation with the Ministry of Education. Çakmak added that the president of Inaugural General Assembly of the World Toilet Association, Jae-Duck, is a former mayor and now is a deputy. During his time as

a mayor, Yalova and Suwon were declared as sister cities and following the 1999 earthquake, JaeDuck provided aid to Yalova. Çakmak emphasized that they work to serve humanity, and that they are not interested in the commercial side but rather the social dimension of the topic.

Habip has recently been working on public bazaar toilets. For the last few years he has visited nearly all the bazaars in Ýstanbul and documented the opinions of retailers and consumers. He observed that there are no restrooms available at the bazaar sites and noted complaints from retailers.

He created some solutions for bazaar sites and presented the report to the Chamber of Sellers. "They act as if this is the last issue to be dealt with," he noted. Although it has been difficult to move forward and they are often disappointed, these clean restroom advocates do not intend to give up.

Tourists satisfied with toilets In spite of the complaints by Habip and Çakmak, tourists seem to be content with the conditions of toilets. Janssen from Denmark said he first came to Ýstanbul 18 years ago and that the toilets are getting better day by day. Walking around the Grand Bazaar, Angel Chan from Macau stated that she has not had any problems so far and finds toilets relatively clean. An American couple told Sunday's Zaman that they used a public toilet near Hagia Sophia at no cost and that the toilet was European-style as they are used to. Surprisingly, Jan from the Czech Republic claimed that unless hygienic seat covers are used on European toilets, various diseases may be contracted. Thus, he finds Turkish style toilets more hygienic. Algerian tourist Emel explained that the situation is almost the same in her country and that they have to pay a fee to use public toilets. Most tourists do not complain about fees and they say a fee is necessary for the maintenance of the toilets.

Grand Bazaar restroom janitor Ümmühan Artan explained that the Union of Shopkeepers of the bazaar manages the toilets and charges YKr 50 per person. The bazaar toilets are fairly clean and well kept. Actually, it is an expected situation for tourist sites because it is important for respectable promotion of a country abroad.

Because of this, municipalities allow shopkeepers to open shops in touristic areas on the condition that they have decent restroom facilities.

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WOMEN & HEALTH

SUNDAY’S ZAMAN 09

SUNDAY, AUGUST 31, 2008

Solid perfumes soaring in popularity BURCU HÝLAL

These little knickknacks and stylish necklaces are indeed perfume bottles. But they don’t resemble those we’re familiar with -- spray pumps.

They are solid perfumes. The scents are mixed with beeswax into a creamy consistency and put into these knickknack-like boxes and in accessories like rings, necklaces and hand mirrors.

Although easy-to-carry solid perfumes have been used since ancient times, they haven’t been popu-

lar in the modern cosmetics world until recently.

They were replaced with spray perfumes in their unique designs. Large companies have now started to produce solid perfumes in little knickknack shapes. Solid perfumes are spread on just like a moisturizer. Leading cosmetics brands Estée Lauder, Lush, L’Occitane and Marc Jacobs also produce solid perfumes. According to the owner of www.guzelsentrendenin.blogspot.com, Berfu Pekkan, solid perfumes are becoming widespread, which is good since they are so easy to use and carry.

Workout with NikeWomen 2008 fall collection The NikeWomen 2008 autumn collection makes women more competitive and stronger by reuniting their passions with their dreams. The collection, which includes interesting and aesthetic designs, proves that sports are an integral part of women's lives. The collection, which is preferred by women who always want to challenge themselves, includes unstitched, stylish T-shirts made of dri-fit fabric.

Trousers in the collection suit all body types, increasing performance during sports activities by keeping body moisture at the desired level. Flatsoled shoes help one to keep their balance while doing sports. Bags with adjustable capacity are among the functional components of the collection.

The dos and don’ts of detoxification Detoxification is a method used for getting rid of the excessive toxins in the body through paying attention to eating more fruits and vegetables for healthier and more balanced nutrition. Experts say it should be considered a holistic health program rather than a method for losing weight

Effective solution to hair loss: Restorex For those who have tried so many seemingly similar hair restoration products, but always without result, there is a unique solution: Restorex. The effectiveness of this products patented components has been proven in clinical tests performed at French Dermscan Laboratories. Restorex is an innovative and scientific application that, thanks to its active component mineral-peptide complex, causes a "mitotic effect" to increase production of hair cells and anti-hair loss proteins. This mitotic effect stimulates cell metabolism and directly boosts the production of the cells that are responsible for hair production and prevention of hair loss. This effect makes Restorex stand apart from other anti-hair loss products on the market.

Available at pharmacies, Restorex offers solutions to those with moderate hair loss in shampoo form and to those with severe hair loss with its serum forms, in addition to shampoo.

Various methods of detoxification, which have become a trend among the health- conscious in recent years, have been shown to have detrimental effects on health if performed improperly or utilized too often.

Dietician Lale Saðlýk says the human body naturally contains harmful toxins that accumulate over time. Noting that the human body is programmed to cleanse itself early in the morning and at night, Saðlýk states that sweating, breathing, urinating and other bodily functions help the body naturally rid itself of toxins.

Saðlýk further emphasizes that other factors such as alcohol, caffeinated beverages, drugs, food additives, agricultural pesticides, air pollution, cigarette smoke and radiation may increase the amount of toxins contained within the body. Saðlýk points out that the failure to get rid of excessive toxins in the body may result in a number of physical and mental disorders including fatigue, sleepiness, muscle tension, pain and lethargy, mood swings and weakening of the immune system.

Detox not a method for losing weight Describing detoxification as getting rid of the excessive toxins in the body and paying attention to eating more fruits and vegetables for healthier and more balanced nutrition, Saðlýk says it should be considered a holistic health program rather than a method for losing weight.

Saðlýk also notes that detoxification methods may also include increasing physical activity, starting the day with music, yoga or meditation and benefiting from spas, massages, saunas, steam baths and thermal baths. Sweating in connection with exercising or urinating discharges excessive toxins in the body, Saðlýk says.

She reiterates that detoxification is not a method to lose weight, though individuals practicing it may drop a few pounds. “The reason for this is the increased rate of metabolic functions in connection with the reduced amount of toxins after physical activities,” she notes.

Saðlýk says relying on a single food group such as consuming only fresh fruit and vegetable juices throughout the day is not a proper form of detoxification. “The body fails to get a sufficient amount of proteins, iron, zinc, phosphorus and B vitamins in this sort of diet; it is possible to experience a number of health problems associated with lack of vitamins and minerals.” Saðlýk adds that prolonged or improper detoxification may cause excessive loss of salts and liquids, resulting in serious health issues including “brain fog.”

Saðlýk further notes that a person wanting to try detoxification should be

Nike backpacks combine comfort and style The functional school backpacks Nike has designed for students, with many compartments for all the gear of the modern pupil, make returning to school even more exciting.

The backpacks are designed for students of all ages who must carry large loads across campus. Large compartments plus organizer and stash pockets make them the bags that get all your stuff where you need it to go. They are all ergonomic, sturdy and colorful. Plenty of accessories will help kids stay organized.

Atalar redefines female form this season Activist autumn from Mavi Jeans In its 2008 autumn collection, Mavi Jeans has been inspired by the activists of the 1960s. The activist youths who take action for a better world can feel more independent and comfortable thanks to the functional trousers, sweat T-shirts and accessories in the collection, which are focused on the peace symbol. Tight blue jeans of the 1960s and loose blue jeans of the 1970s are presented together in the collection, reflecting the dynamism and pro-active stance of youth.

Get ready for autumn with Sephora Ideal for daily use, Sephora skincare products refresh your skin, moisturize and protect it thanks to the vitamins and colored pigments included in their composition. Sephora products, which are suitable for all skin types, delay aging with the 15 SPF in its formula. A Sephora lip care stick creates flawless lips with the vitamins it contains.

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Atalar clothing, which presents the latest trends in fashion to Turkish women, reunites history with the present. The Atalar 2008/2009 autumn-winter collection reflects the vintage effects of the 1950s and 1960s. Modern women can adopt on an attractive and feminine look with Atalar's autumn romanticism and hot colors. The autumn-winter 2008/09 fashion season steers away from the current trends, turning to classics inspired

by Audrey Hepburn and Grace Kelly.

Atalar, which designed this change for today's women, presents this alteration in women's world as a journey in time.

evaluated by a physician first before proceeding.

Noting that detoxification should only be done by healthy adults, Saðlýk says the practice can be harmful to children, adolescents and adults suffering from chronic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, stomach and intestinal problems and cancer.

Stressing that pregnant and breastfeeding mothers should absolutely avoid detoxification, Saðlýk reiterates that others who want to try the procedure must consult their doctors first.

Saðlýk adds that while there is no standard for the duration of the procedure, detoxification can be done for one day every two weeks, two to three days a month or for one week in three-six months.

Noting that alcohol should not be consumed at all or should be limited to one glass of red wine the night before the detoxification starts, Saðlýk says, “You have to quit smoking and stay away from caffeinated beverages and drugs.”

Saðlýk says foods containing additives, as well as meat and refined foods, should also be avoided. She recommends organic foods and fresh fruits and vegetables for the detoxification process, noting that it is important to drink plenty of water. She notes that parsley and garlic support are also good detoxifiers.

“Try to drink a glass of warm water when you get up. Water with some lemon flavor will accelerate the detoxification process,” she suggests.

Noting that grilled or boiled foods should be chosen over fried foods, Saðlýk also underlines that the utensils used for cooking should be made of stainless steel, glass or porcelain.

Eat fresh fruits and vegetables Saðlýk notes that fruits and vegetables are strong detoxifiers, adding that vegetables such as carrots, lettuce, spinach, cabbage, broccoli, tomatoes, cucumbers and garlic and fruits such as apples, oranges, kiwis, grapes, peaches, apricots, cherries and bananas, as well as plants with natural healing properties such as parsley and mint, should be consumed on a regular basis.

She notes that mixed vegetable juices prepared using fresh vegetables or fruit juice cocktails may be useful for a better and more effective detoxification.

Noting that a pinch of cinnamon can be added to juices for a better taste, Saðlýk underlines that people should choose fresh foods.

Saðlýk says sautéed seasonal vegetables and salads with lemon juice or a small amount of virgin olive oil should be eaten as main meals. “You can make the menu more colorful by adding bulgur or pasta and light yogurt.” Ýstanbul Today’s Zaman with wires

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10 SUNDAY’S ZAMAN

S U N D AY, A U G U S T 3 1 , 2 0 0 8

CULTURE&ARTS

TODAY’S ZAMAN

CULTURAL AGENDA FESTIVALS

PHOTO

The Kocaeli festival is preparing for Ramadan, the Muslim holy month of fasting. Set on an area of 450,000 square meters, the festival hosts famous artists such as Dursun Ali Erzincanlý, who writes and reads poems devoted to Prophet Muhammad. An ice platform will be set up for ice-skating as well. The full program can be found at www.kocaelifuari.org.tr.

The Fifth Annual Architecture and the City Festival, organized by the American Institute of Architects in San Francisco, kicks off tomorrow in San Francisco. The festival will run through Sept.

30. First-time visitors will have the chance to wander the city during the festival program. For more information: www.aiasf.org.

EXHIBITIONS The "From Ottoman Empire to Turkish Republic" exhibition is displayed at the Ýstanbul Museum of Modern Art. The exhibition opened in October of last year and will run through the end of this year. The exhibition features pieces collected from various other Turkish museums in order to reflect how modernism affected the Turkish nation during the 1920s, '30s and '40s. For more information, visit www.istanbulmodern.org.

Modernist Turkish painter Nesrin Bal is presenting her recent works painted in the expressionist style to art lovers until Sept. 15. The exhibition, titled "Bilincim Tanýksýz 6" (My Consciousness Without Witness 6), opened today, is on show at the Ýstanbul Büyük Kulüp Art Gallery.

"Camouflage" opened on June 25 and comprises curator Ekrem Yalçýndað's wall paintings. The exhibit will close on Sept. 20. Displayed at the American Hospital, the exhibit is the first step of planned exhibitions at the hospital. For more information, call (212) 311 20 00.

To celebrate the centenary of Ian Fleming's birth, an exhibition devoted to the life and works of the creator of James Bond, the world's most famous secret agent, is being held in London. The exhibition is being displayed at the Imperial War Museum in London. Opened on April 18, the Ian Fleming exhibition will conclude on March 1 of next year.

The "Love of Ahl al-Bayt" exhibition opened on Aug. 27 among the Ottoman exhibitions at the Topkapý Palace Museum's Sacred Relics Room, hosted by the museum and the Turkish Women's Association (TÜRKKAD). The exhibition presents several relics from the family of the Prophet of Islam and ornamentations added to them by the Ottomans.

The exhibition will run until Nov. 14.

Gallery Artist Çukurcuma in Ýstanbul's Beyoðlu district is hosting a solo exhibition by Ukrainian artist Lesya Demchenko until Sept. 3, featuring the artist's latest creations made from used cardboard. Tel.: (212) 251 91 63 The Second Sinop Biennial runs until Sept. 5 in the Black Sea province under the main theme "The New Order of Things." Among the biennial's venues are the historical Sinop Prison, the former Tekel warehouse, the Balatlar Church and the handcraft bazaar at Pervane Medresesi.

FILM SCREENING Forty-two Turkish and foreign movies are being offered in the lineup of the open-air movie nights in this year's Enka Summer Events in Ýstanbul. The program runs until Sept. 15 at the Ýstinye Sadi Gülçelik Sports Complex's Enka Eþref Denizhan Open-air Theater. Full program at www.enkasanat.org. Ticket price: YTL 12 The Nazým Hikmet Culture Center in Ýstanbul's Bahariye district will hold screenings of movies by well-known filmmakers at its open-air movie theater on Wednesdays and Fridays. Showings start at 9 p.m. and admission is free of charge. Tel.: (216) 414 22 39

YOUR ENGLISH BOOKSTORE !

Visit our boutique store: including family area for parents, children and youth.

Dumlupýnar Sok No 17, Kadýköy, Ýstanbul Call us on 0216 550 4961 for directions.

Open Mon-Sat (except Tues): 10:30-18:30 We can ship books to your door.

Email requests to serakitapevi@superonline.com

‘The Atlas of Islam: People, Daýly Lýfe and Tradýtýons’ MARION JAMES ÝSTANBUL

Where do young people in predominantly non-Muslim countries get their information about Islam?

Teenagers in Europe may have a Muslim friend at school or living on their street, but many others may have no personal contact with a Muslim. For them, often the main source of information about Islam is the media and the entertainment industry.

Sadly, often the debate in the media is focused on jihad, terrorism and conflict. In such portrayals of Islam, debates tend to center around issues such as does the Quran allow murder in the name of God, should religious leaders whose preaching incites religious hatred be deported from our country, etc. The views of a few extremists are discussed at length.

With the end of the Cold War, Hollywood needs to find a new "bad guy" to be the enemy of the American superhero. There is now a tendency to portray the Middle Easterner as the new Russian. Computer games follow suit, with many war games involving catching the suicide bomber before he or she blows you up.

Perhaps the most dangerous outcome of all of this massive sea change that occurred post Sept. 11 is that all Muslims are viewed with suspicion, as Westerner-hating possible terrorists.

Those who cause trouble for peaceful Muslims living in Europe started out as the children in my infant school playground who would call my best friend Sabah "Pakkie" -an abusive term for one from Pakistan. As a white, churchgoing Christian, I learned at an early age through my friendships with this British-born daughter of Muslim immigrants that her community suffered a measure of discrimination because they were different. It is

ignorance of others' background and viewing a group of people as homogeneous and giving them a pigeonhole label -- rather than being determined to treat Muslims as individuals -that are gradually dividing European society.

Equally, in Middle Eastern or Muslimmajority societies in a more-widely defined geographical area, misunderstandings about what Christians believe are present. I am often told by Turks that I believe in Mary as a God (false) or that because there is a high divorce rate in the West, Christians do not believe in the sanctity of marriage (false: the Bible contains a lot of teaching on the importance of marriage and Jesus himself said those lovely words we use in the marriage ceremony, "Those whom God has joined together let no man put asunder") and many other misrepresentations of Christian beliefs. So I am always pleased when I find a relevant, unbiased and interesting book that explains about a religion to young people, especially when it deals sensitively with the followers of that religion.

The Atlas of Islam is aimed at 10 to 15 year-olds. In its richly illustrated 62 pages, it gives a thorough overview of the world of Islam and Muslims. No subject is covered in any great depth: a paragraph and an illustration suffice to present us with a tapestry of the people, daily life and traditions involved.

It says of itself: "This book explores the history and geography of one of the world's great religions, tracing its beliefs and customs as they spread across the globe. Islam

began almost 1,400 years ago in what is now Saudi Arabia, when the Prophet Muhammad received revelations from Allah, the only God. The Arabic word Islam means submission and its followers, called Muslims, submit and devote their lives to the will of Allah."

Many books for youth about Islam focus on the five pillars and daily family life. "The Atlas of Islam" takes a much broader focus, giving us a view of the sweep of Muslim history and also insight into the geographical spread of Islam. We start in Arabia before Islam and discover a tribal system of small city-states that were mainly traders along the caravan routes, a people who worshipped many different gods and goddesses and where Judaism and Zoroastrianism had a great influence.

The pages on the Prophet Muhammad and his life are attractively decorated with illustrations from illuminated manuscripts or miniatures. Next, the basic teachings of Islam are introduced. Along with the five pillars, Islamic beliefs concerning the Day of Judgment, angels, jihad, birth, dress, food and drink and Islamic law (Shariah) are summarized.

The remainder of the atlas takes us on a historical tour round the Muslim world, with a colorful double-page spread on each topic.

We start in the Middle East of the seventh and eighth century and learn of Arab expansion and the Umayyads. This dynasty came to power in 661 and ruled from Damascus for almost 90 years. During this period there was violent disagreement over the caliphate succession and the Sunni-

Shiite split occurred. Also during this time the Dome of the Rock was built in Jerusalem.

The Abbasids followed the Umayyads, ruling the Islamic world from 750 to 1258, moving the capital to Baghdad, establishing a trade empire that stretched from North Africa to China.

Islamic Spain and the Caliphs of Cordoba, the Fatimids in North Africa, the Seljuk Turks who stretched from Khorasan to Konya and the Mongols and Timurids in the East flourished during the period. We learn about their society and achievements both through the information provided and the vivid contemporary drawings and photographs of their relics in art and architecture. Sections on these groups of people are interspersed with spreads dealing with Sufism, Islamic worship and the mosque, the Crusades, science and technology, art and architecture and festivals.

The Abbasids were replaced as the major power by the Ottomans, who moved the center of Islamic gravity to Ýstanbul. But before we meet them, we learn about the Safavids, Uzbeks and the Mughal Empire.

The atlas then comes right up-to-date with spreads on Africa, east and southeast Asia and the emergence of Muslim states. It doesn't avoid the main issue of today and includes a spread on Islamic fundamentalism, finishing with a spread on Islam today which is a sensitive overview, presenting pictures as diverse as a Muslim fastfood restaurant in England and the Martyr's Monument in Baghdad. The atlas is a great source of information for teenagers and is even a useful book for their parents to dip into; a similar reference book about Christianity in Turkish would help us in mutual understanding.

"The Atlas of Islam: People, Daily Life and Traditions," By Neil Morris, Published by Barrons Education, $15 in hardback

Frankfurt Book Fair symposiums explore Turkish poetry, novels The Frankfurt Buchmesse (Frankfurt Book Fair) in Germany, one of the biggest book fairs in the world, will begin on Oct. 15 and will run for four days. Turkey is the guest of honor at the fair and Turkish culture and literature will be introduced to visitors under the title of "Turkey in All Its Colors." According to the Anatolia news agency, the Culture and Tourism Ministry is still working on preparations for the upcoming fair. With 250 activities to be held during and before the fair, Turkish literature will be introduced with all its dynamics to fair visitors.

During the fair, Turkey will not only be promoted in Frankfurt, but also in other German cities. The second symposium titled "Modern Turkish Literature," one of the three planned symposiums among the pre-fair events, will be held at the Literaturhaus Berlin (Berlin Literature House) on Sept. 5 and 6. The symposium, organized in collaboration with the Turkish Publisher's

Committee and Turkish Organizing Committee for the Frankfurt Book Fair, aims to carry Turkish literature from its domestic borders to an international audience and inform German literary circles, German writers and translators, publishers, press and public about Turkish literature.

During the symposium, there will be three sessions focusing separately on poetry, stories and novels. Also, a poetry night will be held in which poems of the poets participating in the symposium will be presented in both Turkish and in German. The symposium will start with speeches to be delivered by Metin Celal, secretary-general of the Turkish Publishers Association and member of Turkish Publishers Association Committee for

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the fair. At the first session, titled "Modern Turkish Poetry," poets and critics will give lectures under the coordination of poet Gültekin Emre.

At the second session, titled "Modern Turkish Novel," authors such as Ýbrahim Yýldýrým, Yekta Koparan, author and critic Behçet Çelik and critic Ömer Lekesiz will deliver talks under the coordination of author Ýbrahim Yýldýrým. The symposium will conclude with a poetry night in which participants will include Baki Ayhan T., Nilay Özer, Gökçenur Ç., Mehmet Can Doðan and Emre.

At the poetry session, the history of Turkish poems and influential figures of modern Turkish poetry will be introduced and some poetic concepts and movements in Turkish poetry will be explained to the audience.

Furthermore, the relationship between world, particularly European poetry and Turkish, poetry will be examined in regards to how they have affected modern Turkish poetry. In the symposium, legends and real events that make up the basis of modern Turkish stories and narrative arts will be covered and some movements in Turkish literature that were influenced by Europe will be discussed. Turkish women writers will be introduced in a separate session during the symposium.

For the novel session, certain issues, such as why the youngest literary form in Turkey, the novel, arrived so late in the country, will be addressed. Turning points in the history of the Turkish novel, such as the first years after the foundation of the Turkish Republic in 1923, along with village literature, realism and existentialism, will be discussed. Furthermore, important modern Turkish novelists, including Nobel Prize winner Orhan Pamuk, will be introduced. Ýstanbul Today's Zaman

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CULTURE&ARTS

SUNDAY’S ZAMAN 11

S U N D AY, A U G U S T 3 1 , 2 0 0 8

The healing effects of sound and music RUMEYSA KIGER ÝSTANBUL

"If you want to increase the love and light inside you, you have to slow down your life rhythm," says Dr. Adnan Tönel during a workshop titled "Musical Therapy" at the Yapý Kredi Cultural Center, elaborating on the relation between brain waves and music and how to use the latter to cure various illnesses.

Tönel, who did his doctoral thesis on Turkish and Azerbaijani lullabies at the Baku Music Academy, explains that he started developing an interest in the healing potential of music when he realized the calming effect that mothers' voices and lullabies have on children. "Whenever the mother sings to the child, he starts to eat if he was not eating or starts to sleep if he was awake," he says, pointing out that some tonal systems can help children with diseases like autism and eating and speech disorders. He gives lectures at the State Conservatory of Turkish Classical Music at Ýstanbul Technical University.

Tönel explains musical therapy is premised on the understanding that human beings perceive the world through vibrations. "The more you control this vibration, the better, since you can only heal illnesses through music while your rhythm is lower. There are four types of brain waves that human beings can control themselves. The first is the beta state, which is familiar to all of us; the heart beats fast, you talk on the phone while running and trying to catch the bus," he says, adding that this is the condition which allows the hustle and bustle of daily life to take people as prisoners.

The next pattern of brain waves is the alpha state, in which the speed of speaking decreases, Tönel goes on. "This is the beginning of slowness, of awareness. The ways of seeing, perceiving and analyzing get sharp. In the third state, theta, the brain waves and heart rate decrease. The last state is the condition in which you can be cured through music or sound. The control of the moment starts at delta. Because of this, musical therapists try to get their patients to shift into this phase," he says, stressing that the music the patient listens to can reach the unhealthy parts of the body very easily because the person is in a condition where the brain waves are open and can react to treatment.

History of musical therapy in Turkish culture Musical therapy has 6,000 years of history in Turkic societies. Shamans known as "Kam" or "Baksi" used music to cure their patients in Central Asia long ago.

They would induce trances and attempt to cure people using dances and pentatonic musical scales with various musical instruments that were unique to the region. Apart from this kind of therapy with music and dance, receptive music therapy, which is based on the maqam system of tonality, was also very common during the Seljuk and Ottoman periods. Great Islamic scholars, such as Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina (known in the West as Avicenna), Abu Bakr ar-Razi, Hekimbaþý Gevrekzade Hafýz Hasan Efendi and Haþim Bey wrote works about maqam music and elaborated on the diverse relations between maqams and emotions, feelings and organs of the body.

Later, musical therapy was practiced in the hospitals of such cities as Amasya, Sivas, Kayseri, Manisa, Bursa, Ýstanbul and Edirne. Evliya Çelebi, the great Ottoman traveler, wrote in his chronicles: "The late Bayezid, the benefactor; may God forgive his sins; to cure the ill, to relieve the aggrieved, to get rid of the passion of love and as a nutrition to the souls of the crazy, arranged 10 professional singers and 10 musicians, of which three were only singers, one was a Neyzen, one was a violin player, one was a musikar [Pan flute] player, one was a Santur player and one was an oud player. They came thee times a week to perform a session of music for the patients and the mad."

Principles still in use Today, these basic principles are used to heal patients and by some hospitals and therapy centers in Ýstanbul and Ankara. In Ýstanbul, the Traditional Turkish Music Research and Promotion Society (TUMATA), the Ýstanbul Neuro-psychiatric Hospital and Medical Park in the Bahçelievler district all offer treatments using some of the principles of musical therapy. The Tutem Music Center, also in Ýstanbul, teaches the art of musical therapy to its students through lectures.

Maqams and their corresponding cures Throughout the history of Turkish musical therapy, practitioners have developed an elaborate system of correspondences between certain maqams and particular ailments: Rast: Good for the head and the eyes. Helps paralysis. Induces feelings of joy, enjoyment and comfort. It is more effective at dawn and midnight.

Irak: More effective in mid-morning. Helps learning, understanding and concentration. Beneficial for stubborn and vulgar characters.

Removes feelings of fear and exasperation. Ýsfahan: Removes negative thoughts; clears the mind and increases intelligence. Beneficial against gynecological illnesses. Increases mobility and induces self-confidence.

Zirefkend: Beneficial against back, muscle and acute abdominal pain. More effective after midnight.

Buzurk: Gets rid of apprehension and fear. Clears the mind. Directs thought. Beneficial against fever.

Zengule: Good for the brain and the heart. Beneficial for stomach and liver disorders. It has a relation with hip joints and the inner side of the legs.

Rehavi: Induces feelings of eternity, infinitude and general relaxation; good for the head and the eyes. More effective at dawn.

Hüseyni: Good for the internal organs: liver, heart and stomach. It in-

creases resistance against malaria. Induces feelings of peace, calmness and relaxation.

Hicaz: Good for the endocrine system and the kidneys. Gives rise to feelings of humbleness.

Nihavend: Gives a general feeling of relaxation and peace. Good for the abdominal area. Regulates blood tension and circulation.

Relaxes the muscles and is more effective around noon.

Neva: Removes negative thoughts. Beneficial against waist and hip pains; good for gynecological illnesses. Restores taste and induces relief and happiness.

Uþþak: Good for gout and feet in general. Induces sleep and laughter. More effective at dusk.

Acemaþiran: Induces feelings of creativity and infinitude. Helps labor. Good against pains.

Segah: Strengthens the heart; good for the brain. Induces bravery and relaxation.

Buselik: Induces general relaxation. Beneficial for the abdominal area and the muscles. Regulates blood tension and circulation.

Pentatonic: Induces feelings of self-confidence and determination.

Saba: Induces religious feelings, bravery and strength. Also helps relaxation. More effective at dawn.

Nothing other than loving kindness among kinsfolk KERÝM BALCI ÝSTANBUL

The Love of Ahl al-Bayt Exhibition running at the Topkapi Palace Museum presents several works of contemporary calligraphy among the Sacred Relics of the first-degree relatives of the Prophet of Islam.

One of the works of calligraphy, done by Hamid Aytaç (1891-1982), summarizes the exhibition's entire concept: "Say: No reward do I ask of you for this except the loving kindness of those near of kin." This verse from the Holy Quran (42:23) reminds Muslims that all duties their religion charges on them are towards Allah alone, with only one about the Prophet: love.

Love of the Ahl al-Bayt (the Prophet's household) is a universal feeling that transcends the various sects, orders, nations and traditions of Islam. Not all the members of the house of the Prophet are regarded as Ahl al-Bayt. Also exhibited in the Topkapi Palace Museum, a breathtaking work of calligraphy by Ýzzet Efendi (1801-1876) listed the four members of the house. The calligraphy, ornamented by flowers forming a kind of roof over the names listed, is called Penç-i Âl-i Abâ in Farsi. The name translates as "The Four of the People of Cloak" and refers to an occasion when the Prophet embraced Ali, his son in law, Fatima, his daughter, and Hasan and Husain, his two grandsons, under his cloak and said, "These are my Ahl al-Bayt." Ýzzet Efendi's calligraphy has the names of Allah and Muhammad surrounded with these four names.

Calligraphy is only one area of reflection of the Love of Ahl al-Bayt in Muslim art. Mostly made by Persian artists, miniature paintings also offer a variety of

scenes from the lives of the Ahl al-Bayt. From among these miniatures, the exhibition presents a particularly interesting collection from a book named "Hadiqat us-Su'ada" (The Garden of the Happy People). The book was penned by Turkish poet Fuzuli (1480-1552) and tells of the hardships experienced by the prophets for the sake of religion, their martyrdoms, and in particular the Battle of Karbala where the Prophet's grandson Husain was martyred in October 680.

Hadiqat us-Su'ada had several different bindings with different miniatures depicting scenes from the book. The Topkapi exhibition presents miniatures from copies preserved in the Museum of TurkishIslamic Works in Istanbul. One of the miniatures depicts the passing away of Fatima, the daughter of the Prophet, only six months after her blessed father. In another one Ali, the fourth caliph of Islam, is depicted in battle. A most touching miniature exhibited is about the martyrdom of Husain in Karbala. Husain is depicted mounted on a horse and is surrounded by a group of his adversaries. He is killed with their arrows while being watched by his sick son, Zeynel Abidin. In some of these miniatures the faces of holy people are drawn, contrary to the expectation, but in all cases their heads are surrounded by a holy fire; similar to Christian depiction of saints with halos.

The bulk of the remaining tableaus exhibited are from the Ottoman period. In fact the exhibition, jointly organized by the Topkapý Palace Museum and Turkish Women's Association (TÜRKKAD), is tellingly entitled "The Love of Ahl al-Bayt among the Ottomans."

Among the Ottoman miniatures one can see the special

place the Naqib al-Ashraf, the Chief of the Prophet's descendants, was given. The descendants of the Prophet are called sayyid if the relation is through the bloodline of Husain and sharif if they are from the bloodline of Hasan. Naqib al-Ashraf is the head of the descendants of the Prophet, whose genealogy was kept by the government. Keeping database of the sayyids and sharifs was important not only because of veneration but also because they were allocated certain funds from the state budget. Their exalted status can be seen in almost all official ceremonies, from circumcision to the succession to the throne. The exhibition presents also the Sacred Relics that stand on permanent exhibition.

The visitors of the exhibition observe the love of the prophet not only from the relics, calligraphy and miniatures, but also from the faces of the organizers of the exhibition. The members of the TÜRKKAD are all followers of a particular Mevlevi order called Rýfais. The Rýfai Order was founded by Kenan Rýfai (1867-1950), a Sufi leader stressing the moral principles of the religion rather than its rituals. The organizers, mainly young women, are all clothed in black. TÜRKKAD Chairwoman Cemalnur Sargut says that the black symbolizes nothingness. "In front of the Prophet we are nothing, nothing, nothing. And black reminds us of our nothingness," she explained to Sunday's Zaman.

The black-garbed women wear brooches called Yed Fatima (the Hand of Fatima). This small hand figure, usually made of silver or iron, is attached to clothing in the hopes it will bring health and security to the wearer.

Sargut explains that Fatima's hands had curative powers. "On the day her father, our prophet, was wounded

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in the Battle of Uhud, nobody could stop his face from bleeding. Fatima came and held her father's cheek, and the bleeding stopped. Yed Fatima is used as a symbol of that curative hand of Fatima," she said.

The exhibition will be open to visitors for three months at the Sacred Relics Room in the Topkapý Palace Museum.

The coat of Husain, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad

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TRAVEL

SUNDAY’S ZAMAN 13

S U N D AY, A U G U S T 3 1 , 2 0 0 8

Üçhisar

ÜÇHÝSAR AND ORTAHÝSAR the rock castles of Cappadocia "Mirror, mirror on the wall, who is the fairest of them all?" Were someone to hold a mirror up to Cappadocia and ask this question, the answer that comes back might well be "Üçhisar," so lovely is this little troglodyte village, the first that visitors see when they leave Nevþehir to drive to Göreme. Üçhisar is dominated by a huge plug of rock, a so-called "kale" (castle) which is mirrored in Ortahisar, a similar-sized but much less visited village just off the road from Nevþehir to Ürgüp. Way back in history Üçhisar's was the "outer castle" in the defenses of Cappadocia.

Ortahisar's was the "middle castle." Baþkale, the first "castle," was eventually renamed Ürgüp.

Mountains Erciyes and Hasan aside, Üçhisar is by far the most conspicuous feature of the Cappadocian landscape. The castle is a solid chunk of rock with a thinner offshoot; from a distance the two parts resemble a giant snail dragging its shell across the landscape. In the past, families hollowed caves out of the rock and used them as retreats whenever enemies appeared; in more peaceful times those same caves provided homes for the locals, so that Üçhisar Kalesi functioned rather like a natural tenement block stuffed full of apartments. In the 1950s the authorities moved residents out of the castle and into modern afet evleri (disaster houses) for fear of a landslide. They were only just in time -- in the 1960s a serious rock fall caused the collapse of the Aða'nýn Konaðý (the Lord's Mansion), a palatial home that had been created inside it. Today, of course, tourists can buy a ticket and climb up inside the castle to take advantage of the superb panorama available from the summit, all of 1,350 meters above sea level.

The rock formations that huddle in the wake of the kale are almost equally dramatic. Most soar above the surrounding houses, their sides pockmarked with pigeon houses, their facades daubed with patterns in red and white pigments aimed at luring the vital, manure-supplying birds to a favored roost. Although it's often said that the rock of Üçhisar is called a castle because it looks like one, in reality it doesn't look anything like the manmade castles with which most visitors will be familiar.

Instead, the locals called all the jutting rock cones "kales" before the marketing people came up with

TODAY’S ZAMAN

PAT YALE CAPPADOCIA

PHOTO

Üçhisar, a castle made of a solid chunk of rock, is by far the most conspicuous feature of the Cappadocian landscape, while its counterpart, Ortahisar's superficial newness conceals a lovely old village of stone houses which lurk behind impressive gateways in the backstreets

the more evocative "fairy chimneys." Now it's possible to climb up inside two of the fairy chimneys to take tea à la Cappadoce and get some impression of what it might have been like to live inside such structures. The local branch of the gendarme has also taken up residence inside a fairy chimney. It's just a shame that stalls selling tacky tourist souvenirs are creeping ever further in from the road, thereby encroaching on the dignity of the landscape.

From the road that whisks visitors past Üçhisar and on to Göreme it can look as if all the locals live in newly built and aesthetically banal houses.

However, to one side of the castle it's still possible to stroll around and admire the ruins of the old village where fine stone houses were built over and in front of cave networks. In the last few years foreigners and Turks from elsewhere in the country have moved in on these houses in a big way, converting them into houses and hotels of varying degrees of boutiqueyness. In some cases the end results are a joy to the eye -- one thinks of Les Maisons de Cappadoce with their beautiful views over the Pigeon Valley, for example, or of the much newer Kale Konaðý. Unfortunately, some people have chosen to ignore the essentially small-scale rural charms of the vernacular architecture with the inevitable detrimental consequences.

Today there's no doubting that Üçhisar has been well and truly discovered. Over in Ortahisar, on the other hand, time still seems to move at snail's pace, and there are more cold storage units

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for citrus fruits than stalls selling Made-inCappadocia ashtrays. Here the "castle" sits in a dip so that it's less conspicuous from a distance.

For the time being it's also closed to the public after a chunk of rock in the center of Ürgüp sheered off and killed three people. Some over-enthusiastic locals urge tourists to ignore the signs warning of a "catastrophe." Supposedly, a UNESCOsponsored restoration project should see access restored in the not too distant future.

In the meantime, Ortahisar also boasts a small museum housed in the main square. This is equipped with dioramas which illustrate different aspects of traditional life in Cappadocia: men hacking caves out of the rock, women

WHERE TO STAY Ahbap Konaðý, Üçhisar: (384) 219 30 20 Les Maisons de Cappadoce: (384) 219 28 13 Kale Konaðý, Üçhisar: (384) 219 30 06 Karlýk Evi, Üçhisar: (384) 219 29 95 Museum Hotel, Üçhisar: (384) 219 22 20 Ortahisar Evi, Ortahisar: (384) 343 38 62 HOW TO GET THERE The half-hourly dolmuþes from Nevþehir to Göreme pass through Üçhisar. There are also hourly dolmuþes between Nevþehir and Ortahisar, and between Ürgüp and Ortahisar.

weaving carpets on looms set up in their homes, a young woman serving coffee to watchful potential in-laws and people gathering at the well and tying rags to the tree beside it in the hope that their wishes will come true.

Like Üçhisar, Ortahisar's superficial newness conceals a lovely old village of stone houses which lurk behind impressive gateways in the backstreets.

Turn down Hacý Teleðraf Caddesi and you will find many fine examples, including one especially imposing house which bestrides the sort of arched street more familiar in Mardin. The road wends its way downhill and then veers left; in gaps between the houses on the right-hand side of the road you will catch glimpses of the beautiful Balkan Deresi (valley) which is studded with pigeon houses cut into a solid wall of rock. One or two simple rock churches keep a low profile inside private houses here and there are more out in the valley, although you will need the help of a guide to find them.

You won't need a guide to find the Hallaç Monastery (Wool Fluffer's Monastery, otherwise known as the Hospital Monastery), which is signposted on the left as you come into Ortahisar from the junction with the Nevþehir-Ürgüp road. It takes a walk of no more than a kilometer to find this monastery, and although the walk starts unpromisingly because of the litter abandoned in the fields, it gradually picks up until suddenly you find yourself alone amid the vineyards looking towards another giant slice of rock pitted with pigeon houses. Here, you will find yourself in a natural courtyard reminiscent of those at nearby Gülþehir. The crosses, pilasters and arcades of horseshoe-shaped arches adorning the façade hint that this must once have been an important settlement, an impression that will be confirmed when you step inside the church and spot its lofty rock-cut columns. In the 10th or 11th century, these were decorated with paintings which betray an almost child-like simplicity; the only sign of anything grander is a panel of virtually indecipherable fresco still adorning the apse. There are two other sizeable chambers, one of them a basilica lined with more rock-cut columns, the other a square room whose dome has caved in. Long after the monks were gone the locals returned to carve pigeon houses into the rock. These are decorated with fine geometric patterns in blue and green. It's a mystery why so few people visit a place so beautiful.

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14 SUNDAY’S ZAMAN

S U N D AY, A U G U S T 3 1 , 2 0 0 8

What does Russia want?

Image ýs everythýng; the rest ýs nothýng? room. The journalists observed a live operation standing behind a glass wall. It was a very complicated and difficult operation. Everything was just perfect: a marvelous surgery room, state-of-the-art equipment rarely found even in the US, doctors and nurses who performed their duty with calm and dexterity. Everything that the eyes could see was flawless. If this operation was to be taken as a measurement, undoubtedly, North Korea was far better than the US in the field of health.

When they returned to the US, the journalists penned stories for their readers wherein they commended what they had observed. They made mention of the incredible progress of North Korea in the field of health, its superiority to the US and its great achievement deserving of congratulation. Some of the readers read these stories with admiration. But not everyone was ready to accept the North Korean stories without question. There was a question in the minds of some skeptics. How was it possible for one of the poorest countries in the world, with a primitive economy, to generate a perfect health sector? Was not this contrary to logic and reason? Some went after this case and soon, a scandal broke out. What the journalists observed in North Korea was not a real operation. It was acting. The doctors, nurses and patients in this fake operation were all actors.

The system staged this act to impress the American journalists.

The case turned into a big scandal. In the end, many journalists had to apologize to their readers.

Later, I checked whether this case that had made me laugh so had really

taken place. It did. North Korea staged a marvelous propaganda act. I recalled this case when it became evident that the People's Republic of China had done similar things at the ongoing Olympic Games.

Those who follow the games will know this. Chinese authorities held a magnificent inauguration ceremony. I was in England during the opening; I was so impressed by the ceremony that I could not help reading the comments. Commentators agreed that the United Kingdom would no way be able to achieve a similar success in the 2012 Olympics in London. However information and reports coming from China shed light on a grave dimension of the case.

China is a socialist country. It has been trying to transform its system since the mid-1970s. It took the initial steps in the economic field to eliminate the socialist economic system. It was a necessity rather than an ideological preference. People were suffering from hunger and misery. Mao's crazy policies had turned one of the oldest civilizations in the world into an archaic country.

Midget Deng proved to be more reasonable than Mao; he initiated the process by which he subjected the system to a thorough reformation.

China has made enormous progress, but it still swings between totalitarianism and authoritarianism.

The nature of the system is not clear because the transformation process is ongoing.

Those who will remain alive will have the opportunity to see how it ends up looking. However,

*Christopher Vasillopulos is a professor of international relations at Eastern Connecticut State University.

China has not been able to rid itself of remnants of the totalitarian mindset, despite its huge progress. The totalitarian mentality attaches the greatest importance to outlook and image. It tries to make others believe that this outlook is real. For this reason, it does not hesitate to use people and incidents as tools.

Reports from China show that the totalitarian mindset led to tragicomic developments. According to news reports, some of the scenes broadcast all over the world during the opening ceremony were previously recorded; in other words, these were not live. The little girl who recited a poem at the ceremony was not the real reader. The real reader was a poor, cute girl who was not allowed to take the stage because her teeth were not straight.

The soldiers who stood still at the ceremony were pampered and given shots to the neck to keep their heads up. Girls over age 16 on the ballet team were presented as 13 or 14 years old.

Hostess girls were stripped naked and their breasts and waists measured. I am sure that similar reports will continue to surface in the days ahead, and the dark side of the Chinese Olympics will become more visible.

Frankly, this did not surprise me at all. One of the best things I have done in my life was to study totalitarianism for a while. Because of this study, I am able to locate the totalitarian mindset and its activities. To cut long story short, the totalitarian mindset places emphasis on image and pays no attention to the rest. It simply reduces fundamental human matters to the level of an image issue. What would you say; does this attitude seem familiar to you because of what is going on in our country? *Dr. Atilla Yayla is a professor at Gazi University.

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"What do women want?" -- Sigmund Freud Somewhere buried in the archives of the Pentagon or the CIA or the State Department is an analysis of the Iraq War written before the war began. It asked whether a "victory" in Iraq would be worth the cost -- not in terms of lives or treasure, but in terms of the long-term interests of the US. The analysis ignored the absurd neoconservative fantasy of remaking the Middle East to suit American (read Israeli) interests. Instead, it focused on the consequences of any long-term American military occupation of Iraq. Would these consequences benefit the US or would they benefit its rivals in the region, Iran and Russia?

The analysis made the following assumptions: (1) that oil would become much more expensive, despite the ridiculous neocon claim that it would sell at $10 a barrel; (2) that an American strategy of pre-emptive warfare would undermine America's pretensions to enlightened nonaggressive foreign policy; (3) that the unveiling of America's amoral approach to the world would drive neutrals and even allies to reconsider their relations with the US; (4) that all of these factors would embolden the rivals of the US. Not only did these assumptions prove realistic, they greatly underestimated the negative effects of the Iraq War. Let me focus on Russian responses to the American folly in Iraq. In the run-up to the first Gulf War, it was clear that the Soviet Union had decided that it needed to cooperate with the US in the Middle East, at least so far as obvious aggression was concerned. The American and Soviet speeches in the Security Council might have been given by either foreign minister, so closely did they dovetail. After the war and in the wake of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russian-American cooperation reached new levels. The Cold War was over. Nearly everyone was pleased. Instead of taking advantage of Russian weakness and disarray, the US did what it could to stabilize its former adversary. Although Russia was much diminished, its dark night of Stalinism was over. The future would be difficult, but alive with possibilities, particularly if the West, especially the US, would help to integrate it into the world community.

Swallowing its pride, Russia accepted the assistance of the West. Its only economic strength, an energy surplus, depended on Western customers. It would have to use this advantage to finance its transition to a free market, competitive economy. At the time this prospect did not seem assured. Russian strength might have become a weakness. All depended on the price of oil. A personal anecdote will make this point clear.

When oil was $28 a barrel, I was teaching a course in Riga, Latvia.

By chance I had a Russian colleague who was an energy expert. He informed me that if the price of oil declined, as expected, Russia's oil and gas monopoly would go bankrupt. It owed the West several billion dollars in short-term loans. This vulnerability was made worse by Western pressure to use its leverage as Russia's main customer to force Russia into political reforms. This interference with domestic concerns was the price for integration with the West. Fortunately for the Russians, the expanding world economy kept the price of oil above $28 and helped the Russian economy otherwise to improve. My colleague also informed me that not only would President Vladimir Putin resist political reforms, he wanted to reinstitute the Soviet Union as much as possible. This was (and is) what Russia wanted.

From this perspective, recent Russian actions in Georgia can come as no surprise. If Russia cannot reabsorb its former "republics," it can at least make their integration into the West and NATO more problematic.

All great powers employ international political "realism," that is, an amoral pursuit of their national interests, without regard for any other concern or value. This can come as no revelation, certainly not to our analyst. What the analyst questioned was whether the Iraq War would advance US interests or the interests of its rivals, such as Russia.

The questions have been answered. First, astronomical oil prices have made Russia less dependent on the West. Not only can it buy what it wants, not only have oil revenues stimulated the rest of the Russian economy, they have stifled Western efforts to liberalize Russian domestic policies. The customer has become more dependent than the supplier. Second, the naked American aggression in Iraq has blurred any moral distinction between the Russian bear and the American eagle. American efforts to condemn Russia's use of military force in Georgia seem hypocritical, if not cynical, in the extreme. Third, relations between the US and Russia have been spiraling downward since the Iraq War with no sign of stabilizing.

Undoubtedly, this deterioration will hurt both nations and the world at large. As the only superpower and as the initiator of pre-emptive military strategies, the US must bear greater responsibility for this calamity than the Russians. One cannot expect the Russians to show forbearance in these matters, so long as their long-term objectives are being assisted by shortsighted American policies. The least Sergey Lavrov should do, however, is to send Condie Rice two dozen roses and a thank you card.

Daðýstan Çetinkaya

Thýnk tank cafe´ Established on January 16, 2007 NO: 0087 Sunday, August 31, 2008

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An American friend of mine told me this really interesting story many years ago, before the collapse of the communist bloc. At a time when the Cold War was still going on between the capitalist bloc and the communist bloc, the parties were seeking to benefit to the fullest from all propaganda techniques. Undoubtedly, the communist countries were more successful in the propaganda war. These countries paid greater attention to propaganda than their adversaries did; they proved very successful in exploring new methods that one wouldn't have thought of. Most of the time, the Western world was naively ready to buy the socialist propaganda, particularly those intellectuals and writers with an affinity for leftist ideas.

North Korea, currently an archaic country that has isolated itself from the world, was one of the leading countries in the propaganda war back then. Even though they failed to generate greater wealth than the capitalist countries did, the North Koreans asserted that they left the capitalist countries behind in the provision of public services, and that they maintained equality among citizens. They were particularly assertive in the field of health. In addition to providing free medical treatment for all, they declared that they used the most advanced technology and had the most highly educated and skilled health workers.

In an attempt to prove their assertion, they issued a call for a trip in North Korea. A delegation including representatives from influential and important American dailies, like the New York Times and Washington Post, was invited to North Korea. The delegation would visit the hospitals and make observations there. The delegates were impressed at every stage of the visit. The last stop was an observation bay in a surgery

CHRISTOPHER VASILLOPULOS*

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ATÝLLA YAYLA*

OPINION

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CM Y K

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COLUMNS

SUNDAY’S ZAMAN 15

SUNDAY, AUGUST 31, 2008

Between the bear and the elephant Turkey is trying to tread a fine line of diplomacy between Russia and the West. As an American ally, Turkey has trained and partially equipped the Georgian armed forces under American guidance that aimed to encircle growing Russian power in the Caucasus. The debated NATO membership of Georgia and Ukraine, following the early examples of Poland, Romania and the Czech Republic in Eastern Europe and the Baltic states on the western end of the continent, were all designed to contain Russia along the EastWest axis for a safer Europe. Needless to say, Russia was unhappy about the whole design and was waiting for the opportune moment to retort to what it thought to be a belligerent plot against its security. That moment came when Georgia realized a military operation in the runaway statelets of South Ossetia and Abkhazia.

There is little doubt that the Georgian leadership made its move with American consent. If it did not, it is very hard to manage the unfolding crisis by such an irrational national leadership. The Russians have seen the bluff and took on the calculated risk that NATO would not respond militarily due to the rifts in the organization as well as a lack of American credibility in the alliance. Now Russia has consol-

ANDREW FINKEL

DOÐU ERGÝL d.ergil@todayszaman.com

idated its control over the oil and gas resources and transportation lines, leaving little opportunity to regional nations to lead an independent policy on matters related to energy.

It is obvious that Russia does not want NATO close to home in this critical region for its national strategic and economic interests.

Since the showdown between the resurgent Russia that vies for its lost superpower status and the US has begun, it was unlikely that it would remain limited to the Caucasus and Eastern Europe. The US is increasing its naval presence in the Black Sea as a show of force. In return Russia is getting ready to replicate the same act in the eastern Mediterranean. As the military action waged in Georgia was unfolding, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev invited Syrian President Bashar al-Assad to

visit Moscow. Damascus needs missiles and modern weaponry as well as Russian support to strengthen its hand against the West, which is pressuring it to reconcile with Israel. In return, Syria may be generous enough to let the Russian Mediterranean fleet benefit from Syrian ports and naval facilities.

The most important beneficiary of an alliance between Russia and Syria will be Iran. Under pressure for its nuclear program and an anti-Israel stance, Iran, which is alienated from the West, may greatly benefit from Russia's support and protection. Well, is the "West" a homogeneous body of nations that would act in concert against Russia as the US (the nominal leader of the western alliance) expects it to do?

While NATO was a medium that provided security and political stability for Europe during the Cold War, it is now a medium of rivalry and only of relative concern. As the results of the latest American efforts to stand up firmly against Russia has demonstrated in the case of Germany, France and Italy, they have not adopted a war-like position against Russia. They even reprimanded Georgian leadership for acting irresponsibly by attacking South Ossetia and

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a.finkel@todayszaman.com

ÝHSAN YILMAZ ihsan.yilmaz@todayszaman.com

Our generals’ selectývýty of securýty threats

Is there any future ýn the Cold War? Ask anyone of my generation growing up on the East Coast of America how we knew about the Cold War, and the simple answer is that we learned about it at school.

Not, I hasten to add, in the classroom, but literally in the corridors. When I was only 8, I recall being made to practice what to do in the event of a nuclear attack. We children were lined up in the front of the corridor wall, made to squat down and then tuck our head beneath our knees. I think this was to shield our eyes from the blinding flash of a hydrogen bomb although in retrospect it is hard to understand what difference this possibly would have made while we were being fried to a crisp. If I still remember the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, it is not because I was old enough to grasp that the perversely reassuring deterrent of mutually assured destruction that kept Moscow and Washington from ushering in the apocalypse was being put to its ultimate test. It was because on the day that the ultimatum fell due for Russia to withdraw its warheads, we got to miss a day of school.

If I appear to be indulging in nostalgia for an absurd episode of human history, it is to provide a sense of perspective on today's cruel conflict in the Caucasus and the increasingly frequent alarmed assertion that we are being faced with the return of the Cold War. Of course, there is a difference between missing a day of school and having to reconstruct the building altogether. Russia justified its military reconquista of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and recognition by the Duma of these minuscule regions' independence as a defense of its own nationals against Georgia's impertinent invasion. However, it is difficult to escape the conclusion that Moscow seized the opportunity to undermine the sovereignty of Georgia itself that the hapless President Saakashvili presented them on a plate.

This attempt to reassert a sphere of influence invokes, of course, other infamous episodes of the Cold War. It was forty years ago this summer that Soviet troops entered Prague, and there were similar attempts to stifle rebellion in Hungary in 1956 and East Germany in 1953.

The suggestion that the world is about to resume the Cold War challenges the notion that the world economy has become irreversibly interdependent. War between Russia and NATO might not end in nuclear catastrophe, the theory goes, but it would almost certainly end in economic meltdown. However, the leitmotif of the Cold War was not the proliferation of armed conflict, but the looming shadow of Armageddon. An alternative explanation to what we are witnessing in Georgia is not a restoration of a world polarized between Moscow and Washington, but another of the hot conflicts that began to proliferate once the Soviet Union had melted down. The Cold War was governed by the logic of self-interest -- we won't launch our missiles if you don't launch yours.

Saddam Hussein was a key figure of the post-Cold War era -- a ruthless leader who was absolutely hopeless at calculating his own self-interest. How on earth did he think he could invade Kuwait and then, having miraculously survived one war with America, fail to cooperate with the UN weapon inspectors in time to stop a second.

Ultimately, the United States followed his example of miscalculating national interest and went into Iraq again with far less provocation and far more disastrous consequences than Russia into the autonomous Georgian republics. Still, the ultimate post-Cold War anti-hero is Osama bin Laden, a man less in the tradition of radical Islam than that of 19th Century anarchism, who rules not a real nation but an abstract, idealized polity and who is served by an army of volunteers whose sense of self-interest consists of blowing themselves up.

It's not surprising that there are those who see Russia's flexing of its muscles as a chance to declare the Cold War open. There are those in Turkey so anxious to see a return to the bad old days that they would even join the Cold War on the Russian side. However, until we are told to start canceling school and refurbishing the nuclear bunkers, we will have to face an uncertain future rather than a reassuringly grim past.

Abkhazia. Is this an indication of an independent position differing from that of the US on the part of central countries of the European Union? If so, they would not go along with adopting stringent American measures to penalize Russia.

This means European cars will find the necessary gasoline and European furnaces will be ignited in the winter.

What if the US pressures its European NATO allies to a showdown with Russia? A number of them will likely decline taking a harsher stance beyond diplomacy. No one would want a new Cold War in freezing temperatures when gas and oil lines are interrupted by the Mighty Bear. Such adverse conditions and a hard winter may even push old Soviet countries to a more impartial line rather than relying on NATO or seeking NATO membership for their security.

These developments, in addition to the reinvention of "gunboat policy," have increased naval traffic through the Turkish Straits, creating the danger of revising the 1936 Montreux Convention and giving the Turkish government goose bumps -- if it hasn't already, it should. This crisis must be handled carefully in order to avoid being squashed between the elephant and the bear.

Call for the army! ÝHSAN DAÐI i.dagi@todayszaman.com

What is the army's mission? Being prepared to defend the country, protecting the country against attacks by enemy armies, possessing the necessary equipment, human resources, preparedness and the power of deterrence to do this.

Our army still delivers the "domestic politics" message. If the country is surrounded by enemies, if there are important developments going on in the Caucasus; if Iraq is still a threat; if there is serious tension between Iran and Syria and the West; if terror is still influential, then what needs to be done is not to criticize "postmodernism." Let the academics and writers do this.

It is our right to expect a speech from Land Forces Commander Gen. Iþýk Koþaner in the handover ceremony that would reference the country's preparedness, readiness, capacity, ability and strength vis-à-vis the threats and dangers emerging in Turkey's near surroundings and deter enemies, instead of a speech on postmodernism and globalization. The army needs to go back to its actual mission right away, especially at this time when the security problems surrounding us have become more imminent.

Gen. Koþaner spoke as if he was a political leader -- and not a military commander. Let us review the thesis: "Nation-states are subjected to dissolution in the name of democracy and human rights." He suggests that democracy destroys nation-states while human rights divide them. The reality is just the opposite of this argument. Both democracy and human rights fortify the state. Nation-states that fail to embrace democracy and promote human rights are disappearing because when these noble values are absent, the legitimacy of the state becomes questionable; even the most repressive administrations have to submit to the demands for freedoms and rights.

Another argument is that the EU harmonization laws made the security forces' job in their combat against terrorism harder.

Let us ask this question: When were the EU laws adopted at

Parliament? In February 2002. If the harmonization laws made the security forces ineffective, why did the army fail to eliminate the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) terror in the absence of these laws? It is necessary to think about this question and avoid blaming the "liberties" for this failure.

The commander's description of the reforms introduced for EU membership as "impositions" and his attempt to present the EU criteria as "pressure and threat" shows that there are serious problems. Most importantly, this implies that the army is outside the institutional and social consensus on EU membership.

Civil society activities cannot be described as "security issues with destructive impact" by the army in a democratic country.

The image of a civil society whose international affiliation is seen as dangerous is the extension of a vision of a Turkey that has closed its doors to the outside world. What are seen as dangerous are all individuals and institutions with connections abroad. This approach -- held by a commander of a country that has been a NATO member for over five decades -- to globalization and "the outside world" should be considered a reflection of the army's nationalist reflex since the end of the Cold War. We have frequently heard the statement, "The army is the pioneer of modernization in Turkey." But the army as described by the mentality in that speech seems to have embraced an anti-modernist stance.

Gen. Koþaner holds that the media, academics, capital circles and civil society organizations, as "a postmodern layer" that has been "designed by the global forces," work tirelessly to "undermine and dissolve national unity, national value and security parameters" relying on their "web of propaganda and influence." What would those who hold such grave misunderstandings do? They would keep records on media, academia, capital holders and civil society actors and stage a psychological war against them.

The speech by Gen. Koþaner is a political manifesto that opposes the EU, democracy, human rights, market economy and globalization, and it has nothing to do with the army's.

Those who are eager to be involved in politics should take the uniform off, take part in political activities or grab a pen to participate in the discussions. Nobody should ever promote their political agenda on behalf of the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK).

CM Y K

Today, telecommunications technology, globalization and increased education have transformed Turkey and provided it a level of transparency, leading many people to not be convinced by demagogic rhetoric. If this were not the case, either the Republican People's Party (CHP) or the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) would get 47 percent of the vote instead of the Justice and Development Party (AK Party). As soon as the people see the content of the rhetoric and how serious it is, they stop believing the ultranationalists, who are the most "Americanist" of us all, but prefer to hide the fact. It is a pity that speeches recently given by our generals show that they do not seem to be aware of the people's democratic agility, even though the generals themselves also speak about the changes and transformations taking place around the globe and in Turkey. This unawareness is a serious national security threat as it may undermine the close bond between the people and their army. Our generals do not hide that they are unhappy with the democratization of the country.

They continuously mention the importance of secularism and how they are ready to protect it. Yet, they do not mention democracy. But if we were to believe their rhetoric, there are several groups in the country who would like to take Turkey several centuries back to a theocratic tyranny. So, why do our generals not underline the importance of democracy as much as they underline the vitality of secularism? Saddam Hussein was also a staunch secularist who killed many religious leaders and massacred thousands of people, was he not? We love secularism. That is fine. But it is not obvious that secularism without democracy is not enough. It is implausible that our generals are not also sensitive about democracy. Our generals' speeches also show that they see the EU accession process, human rights and civil society as serious threats to internal security. They also claim that many groups, academics and elites are used by external enemies to undermine the integrity of the state, to divide the country and to take the country backward. As a matter of fact, it is the generals' anti-human rights, anti-EU, anti-civil society and anti-interdependent discourse that is backward. They cannot convince anyone with this 1930s-style rhetoric. According to their definition, 70-80 percent of this society is either ignorant or used by enemies. Is this a healthy outlook, to say the least?

If we have so many traitors, why doesn't the overwhelmingly secularist judiciary act? Why don't we send all these internal enemies to prison? We have been hearing these speeches from the generals for the last 30 years, but no one has been convicted yet. Where is the state? Why don't our generals want to see that their rhetorical harangues directly undermine their credibility and show them unserious?

And why do they pick and choose among the security threats? Why don't they ever mention the hundreds of (former) army members taking a role in the Ergenekon terrorist gang organization? Why do they not explain to us how the army's arsenal is at the terrorist organization's hands? Why don't they explain to the nation what happened in Ergenekon's strategic depth (southeastern Turkey) over the last three decades? Why don't they also mention the big business tycoons' corruption that has cost this nation hundreds of billions of dollars? And why do they never tell us what they did about the retired fourstar generals who were on the boards of several banks while these banks were embezzled from by their owners and the people had to pay the price. If these board member generals were unaware of the embezzlement from their banks, how did we entrust our army and arsenal to these "board-sitting" generals? Is this nationwide corruption not a national security issue? Can you imagine the content of our generals' anniversary speeches if there was a bearded religious person on the board of each embezzled bank instead of the four-star generals or if we had bearded and headscarved Ergenekon members instead of former soldiers? Don't try to imagine what they would say. They would not speak but bless us with a brand new coup.

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SUNDAY, AUGUST 31, 2008

LEISURE

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‘Closing The Ring’

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tween 1955 and 1957, the founders of the newly independent country prepared the Malayan constitution, discussed the administration of justice, cemented racial harmony in the country and resolved to defeat the communists.

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Today is a national day in Trinidad and Tobago.

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Today is Independence Day in Malaysia. On this day in 1957 Malaysian Chief Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman declared the country's independence from Britain at Merdeka Stadium. The independence was gained through negotiations with British authorities and it took two years before full independence was given. During the two years be-

08:00 The Rachael Ray Show 10:00 The Martha Stewart Show 12:00 The Ellen Degeneres Show 14:00 Desperate Housewives 18:30 Late Night With Conan O'Brien 20:30 It's Always Sunny In Philadelphia 21:00 The Sopranos 23:00 Scream Awards 2007 24:00 South Park 01:00 Dirt

British royal who worked on behalf of many charities, was mourned the world over. In Australia a special commemorative day was set for Princess Diana: White Rose Day. Today is the third anniversary of the bloodiest day in the aftermath of the Iraqi invasion. On this day in 2005, close to 1,000 Shiite Muslims died when rumors of a suicide bomber sparked a panicked stampede among nearly 1 million participants of a religious procession in Baghdad.

Trapped on a bridge with one closed gate, most were trampled or suffocated. The bridge then collapsed into the Tigris River, drowning many; more than 800 were injured.

Today is Refugee and Migrant Sunday in Australia.

This observation is an ecumenical program to encourage the celebration of contributions made by migrants and refugees to Australia. It is also an opportunity for churches and their parishioners to promote understanding, compassion and the recognition of needs and challenges facing refugees and asylum seekers.

Today is the liberation day of the Banaz and Sivaslý districts of Turkey's Uþak province. The two districts were liberated on this day in 1922 from Greek occupation, which lasted exactly two years. By Kerim Balcý

CNBC-E 07:00 Rugrats 07:30 The Fairly Oddparents 08:00 Danny Phantom 08:30 Jimmy Neutron 09:00 Dora the Explorer 09:30 Go, Diego! Go! 10:30 Back at the Barnyard 11:00 Avatar 12:00 SpongeBob SquarePants 13:00 The King Of Queens 14:00 My Name Is Earl 15:00 Smallville 17:00 According To Jim 18:00 Chuck 19:00 The Closer 20:00 Scrubs 21:00 How I Met Your Mother 22:00 Liam 24:00 Family Guy 01:00 Scrubs

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GET SMART

ÝSTANBUL: Beyoðlu Atlas: 12:00 14:15 16:30 19:00 21:30 Pendik Oscar: 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:15 21:30 ANKARA: Moviecity: 11:00 13:30 16:00 18:30 21:00 ÝZMÝR: Çiðli Cinecity Kipa:11:15 13:45 16:15 19:15 21:45 Fri/Sat:24:15 ANTALYA: Megapol: 11:30 14:00 16:30 19:00 21:30

99 FRANCS

ÝSTANBUL: Maçka Cinebonus G-Mall: 12:00 14:15 16:30 18:45 21:00 23:15 Levent Cinebonus Kanyon: 11:00 13:00 15:15 17:30 19:45 22:00 00:15

Crossword

MGM movýes 07:45 Sunday Bloody Sunday 09:35 Diary of a Hitman 11:05 Frankie and Johnny 12:35 The Indian Fighter 14:05 Toys in the Attic 15:35 Crossplot 17:10 The Night of the Hunter 18:45 Inserts 20:45 Dillinger 22:30 Bikini Beach 00:10 Sheba, Baby 01:40 Moby Dick

Comedymax

Singer Michael Jackson appears to have no special celebrations planned and a much-touted musical comeback has so far come to nothing.

Cem Kýzýltuð

Mr. DýploMAT!

c.kiziltug@todayszaman.com 569

120

Movýemax 06:00 Inside The Actors Studio (Tom Hanks) 06:50 Chill Out, Scooby Doo! 08:05 Because Of Winn Dixie 10:00 Harsh Times 11:55 The Aura 14:15 The New World 16:40 Employee of the Month 18:45 You Did What?

20:30 Click 22:40 Shadowboxer 00:25 The Marine

06:00 America's Funniest Home Videos 06:30 America's Funniest Home Videos 07:00 America's Funniest Home Videos 07:30 Third Rock From The Sun 08:00 Third Rock From The Sun 08:30 King Of The Hill 09:00 King Of The Hill 09:30 Everybody Loves Raymond 10:00 Everybody Loves Raymond 10:30 Everybody Loves Raymond 11:00 Everybody Hates Chris 11:30 Everybody Hates Chris 12:00 Big Day 12:30 The Game 13:00 The Game 13:30 The Game 14:00 Third Rock From The Sun 14:30 Third Rock From The Sun 15:00 The Office 15:30 The Office 16:00 The Office 16:30 Cavemen 17:00 Everybody Hates Chris 17:30 Everybody Hates Chris 18:00 Samantha Who 18:30 Everybody Loves Raymond 19:00 Everybody Loves Raymond 19:30 Everybody Loves Raymond 20:00 Will & Grace 20:30 Will & Grace 21:00 Will & Grace 21:30 Notes From T.U. 22:00 Everybody Hates Chris 22:30 Everybody Hates Chris 23:00 Entourage 23:30 Entourage 00:00 Entourage

radýo guýde TRT Tourýsm Radýo

Sudoku EASY

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ÝSTANBUL: Ataköy Galleria Prestige: 11:45 13:45 15:45 17:45 19:45 21:45 Fri/Sat:23:45 Caddebostan AFM Budak: 10:30 12:40 14:50 17:00 19:15 21:25 Çengelköy Cinemaxi: 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 ANKARA: Moviecity: 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 21:00 AFM Cepa: 11:00 13:00 15:15 17:30 19:45 22:00 ÝZMÝR: Cinebonus YKM: 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 21:00 ANTALYA: Manavgat Kültür Merkezi: 11:45 13:30 15:15 17:00 18:45 20:30

overseas promotion to mark his half-century and a career that started with his brothers in The Jackson Five, when Michael was 11, and which produced the 1982 album Thriller -- still the world's biggest selling album and one of the most influential.

Yet, a poll on AOL's pop culture news Web site PopEater.com suggested that Jackson's surgically-altered face, his financial problems, the shuttering of his Neverland fantasy ranch, and the fallout of the 2005 trial, risked overshadowing his musical achievements.

Some 49 percent said Jackson's bizarre behavior changed the way they viewed his classic hits of the 1980s, and 71 percent agreed there was not a chance of him making a comeback.

Jackson's last major public performance, in London in November 2006, fizzled out in disappointment when he sang only a few lines of an old song.

His last album of new music was Invincible in 2001, but the 25th anniversary reissue of Thriller this year has sold 635,000 copies in the U.S. alone and is one of the 30 best-selling albums of 2008.

Mayfield said that whatever the future holds for Jackson, he has made an indelible mark on pop music.

Oxman said that all stars go through difficult stages and he was hopeful that Jackson would yet resurrect his career. "We are anxious and waiting for him to do something," Oxman said. Los Angeles Reuters

Singer Michael Jackson turned 50 on Friday, a shadow of the superstar once known as the King of Pop whose records thrilled millions before his bizarre personal life eclipsed his musical brilliance.

Unlike Madonna's 50th birthday bash and launch of another world tour earlier this month, the singer who wishes he was Peter Pan appears to have no special celebrations planned and a much-touted musical comeback has so far come to nothing.

A semi-recluse since his harrowing 2005 trial and acquittal on child sex abuse, Jackson has been living out of the spotlight for the past few months.

In a telephone interview with ABC television program Good Morning America, Jackson said he will "just have a little cake with my children and watch come cartoons," and he added that he feels very wise and sage, but at the same time very young.

Recent pictures of Jackson in Las Vegas showed him dressed in pajamas and slippers, and one had him sitting in a wheelchair, wearing a surgical mask.

Long-time Jackson family friend and lawyer Brian Oxman told Reuters the singer sometimes used the wheelchair to get around unobserved.

"It is not an indication of any health problems. It is an effort to be unseen," he said.

Jackson's record label Sony BMG launched a big

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06:15 Malcolm X 09:35 Roger & Me 11:10 The Big Empty 12:45 The Thing Called Love 14:40 SherryBaby 16:15 Marathon Man 18:20 Just Married 20:00 Out To Sea 21:50 Wristcutters: A Love Story 23:20 Kiss Of Death

Mýchael Jackson turns 50

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00:00 Identification and Programming 00:25 Music 07:25 Identification and Programming 07:30 Music 08:30 News (English, French, German) 08:40 Live Broadcast (English, German, Russian) 10:30 News (English, French, German, Greek, Russian) 10:45 Live Broadcast (English, German, Russian) 12:30 News (English, French, German, Greek, Russian) 12.45 Live Broadcast (English, German, Russian) 15:00 News (English, French, German, Greek, Russian) 15:15 Live Broadcast (English, German, Russian) 18:30 News (English, French, German, Greek, Russian) 18:45 Live Broadcast (English, French) 21:30 News (English, French, German, Greek, Russian) 21:45 Live Broadcast (English, Greek) 23:58 Identification

Broadcast Areas: HOW TO PLAY? : The objective of the game is to fill all the blank squares in a game with the correct numbers. There are three very simple constraints to follow. In a 9 by 9 square Sudoku game:

travelers’ s.o.s

ÝSTANBUL: Akatlar AFM Mayadrom: 11:30 14:00 16:30 19:00 21:30 Bakýrköy Cinebonus Capacity: 11:30 14:00 16:30 18:00 19:00 20:30 21:30 Fri/Sat:23:00 ANKARA: Cinebonus Bilkent: 12:00 14:30 16:50 18:05 19:20 21:50 Fri/Sat:24:15 Cinebonus Panora: 11:50 14:15 16:45 18:00 19:15 20:30 21:45 Fri/Sat:24:15 ÝZMÝR: Agora Balçova: 11:00 13:30 16:00 18:30 21:00 AFM Maviþehir Ege Park: 11:00 13:15 15:45 18:15 20:50 22:00 Fri/Sat:23:30

Every row of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order Every column of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order Every 3 by 3 subsection of the 9 by 9 square must include all digits 1 through 9

Ambulance: 112 Fire: 110 171 Police: 155 156 Maritime: 158 Unknown numbers: 118 Turkish Airlines: 444 0 849, U.S. Embassy: 0312 455 5555 U.S. Consulate: 0212 2513602-3-4 Russian Embassy: 0312 439 2122 Russian Consulate: 0212 244 1693-2610 British Embassy: 0312 455 3344 British Consulate: 0212 293 7540 German Embassy. 0312 455 5100 German Consulate: 0212 334 61 00 French Embassy: 0312 455 4545 French Consulate: 0212 292 4810-11 Indian Embassy: 0312 438 2195 Pakistani Embassy: 0312 427 1410 Austrian Embassy: 0312 419 0431-33 Austrian Consulate: 0212 262 9315 Belgian Embassy: 0312 446 8247 Belgian Consulate: 0212 243 3300 Egyptian Embassy: 0312 426 1026 Egyptian Consulate: 0212 263 6038 Israeli Embassy: 0312 446 3605

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Realism about Russia OPINION

By Joschka Fischer* SUNDAY’S ZAMAN

Palýn’s age, inexperience

rival Barack Obama’s If Obama is an empty suit, as McCain has suggested, is Palin suited for the Oval Office herself? She is younger and less experienced than the first-term Illinois senator, and brings an ethical shadow to the ticket RON FOURNIER DENVER

John McCain's risky choice of Gov. Sarah Palin gives him a running mate who doubles down on his maverick image, may appeal to "hockey moms" and other women, and counters Barack Obama's aura of new-generation change. But he may have undercut his best attack on the Democrat.

If Obama is an empty suit, as McCain has suggested, is Palin suited for the Oval Office herself?

She is younger and less experienced than the first-term Illinois senator, and brings an ethical shadow to the ticket. A governor for just 20 months, she was two-term mayor of Wasilla, Alaska, a town of 6,500 where the biggest issue is controlling growth and the biggest civic worry is whether there will be enough snow for the Iditarod dog-mushing race.

"On his 72nd birthday, is this really the one-heartbeat-away he wants to put in the White House?" said Rep. Rahm Emanuel, the No. 3 Democrat in the House. "What does this say about his judgment?"

It says that McCain wanted to add a reform-

Republican Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin acknowledges supporters as Republican presidential candidate, Sen. John McCain, introduces her as his vice presidential running mate on Friday.

minded politician to his ticket, and an abortion opponent to boot. It says he needs more women to back him over Obama, who just welcomed a passel of Hillary Clinton voters into his fold but remains shaky with white males.

A suburban mother and PTA member who described her fisherman husband as a proud union member and "champion snow machine racer," Palin brings to the ticket the blue-collar, everyday-American qualities that Sen. Joe Biden brought last week to Obama's ticket -- with a distinctively Alaskan twist.

The pick earned McCain praise on Friday from evangelicals and other social conservatives who have been skeptical of him. "Conservatives will be thrilled with this pick," said Greg Mueller, a conservative Republican strategist.

The price for that support could be high.

Palin's lack of experience undercuts Republican charges that Obama is not ready to be commander in chief. McCain said in April that he was determined to avoid a pick like Dan Quayle, the little-known Indiana senator whom George H.W. Bush put on his ticket in 1988. The choice proved embarrassing.

Quayle "had not been briefed and prepared for some of the questions," McCain said while discussing his vice presidential search.

He was clearly aware that, as a septuagenarian, the decision he made about a running mate would be "of enhanced importance."

Four months and one birthday later, McCain's announcement of Palin made clear the paucity of her experience.

"As the head of Alaska's National Guard and as the mother of a soldier herself," the statement said, "Gov. Palin understands what it takes to lead our nation and she understands the importance of supporting our troops."

It is true, as the statement said, that Palin has a record of bipartisan reform. She has a growing reputation as a maverick for bucking her party's establishment and Alaska's powerful oil industry.

Palin campaigned on ethics reform in the 2006 Republican primary to defeat incumbent Gov. Frank Murkowski, who served 22 years in the US Senate before winning the governor's seat in 2002.

"She's exactly who I need," said McCain, who passed over several more experienced candidates -- mostly men. "She's exactly who

Islamic Jihad warns of rising Fatah-Hamas rift A top Islamic Jihad leader has said a rift between rival Palestinian factions Fatah and Hamas could trigger more violence if it is not resolved by January, the target date for a presidential poll.

The groups disagree on dates for holding parliamentary and presidential elections.

Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas's Fatah movement says the polls should be held on the same date. Hamas, which won parliamentary elections in 2006, says Abbas's term ends on Jan. 9 but parliamentary elections are not due until 2010.

"If we get to Jan. 9 without reaching an agreement that would end the state of schism, then we would certainly be heading to a new chapter of conflict that will be more tragic," Ramadan Shallah of the Islamic Jihad militant group was quoted as saying in the London-based al-Hayat newspaper.

Shallah, who was in Cairo attending the most recent round of reconciliation talks between Fatah and Hamas, urged Arabs, in particular Egypt, to help the two sides resolve their differences.

Previous attempts by Arab leaders to reconcile Abbas and Hamas have ended in disagreement over whether Hamas should cede control of Gaza. Hamas also opposes Abbas's US-brokered peace talks with Israel.

Hamas seized control of Gaza in June 2007 after routing Fatah forces. Abbas later dismissed a Hamas-led government and appointed a new administration in the occupied West Bank, where Fatah holds sway.

Abbas argues that Palestinian election law, approved before Hamas's rise to power, allows for the contests to be held at the same time.

Egyptian officials have recently been meeting with representatives from different Palestinian factions to settle the Fatah-Hamas rift, but officials familiar with the talks said they did not expect the sides to reach agreement.

Many Palestinians fear a failure to end the factional division soon could make it more permanent and in turn render Abbas's talks with Israel on Palestinian statehood close to irrelevant. Ramallah Reuters

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this country needs to help me fight the same old Washington politics of 'Me first and Washington second."'

The campaign put out a statement saying what McCain did not: "She is ready to be president."

She has an ethical issue as well. Alaska lawmakers are investigating whether Palin abused her power in firing a public safety commissioner. Lawmakers say they want to know whether Palin was mad at the commissioner for not firing an Alaska state trooper who went through a messy divorce and ongoing child custody battles with Palin's sister.

Palin is 44, Obama 47. She served in her statehouse 20 months. Obama served in his statehouse for eight years. Obama and Palin are running less on their resumes than on they are on their promise. The promise of change and new politics.

The difference: Obama wants the top job, Palin the No. 2. But experience is something that matters to all voters -- whether Republican, Democratic or independent. And, as McCain has suggested himself, his 72nd birthday is a reminder that age matters, too. The Associated Press

BERLIN - Russia's strategy to revise the post-Soviet order in what it calls its "near abroad" will be pursued with even more perseverance following its victory over Georgia. Europe should have no illusions about this and should begin to prepare itself. But, as the European Union ponders what to do, cold realism, not hysterical overreaction, is in order.

Unfortunately, equating the current situation in the Caucasus with the Soviet Union's invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 does not attest to this kind of realism. Neither the West nor NATO constitutes the decisive strategic threat facing Russia, which comes from the Islamic South and from the Far East, in particular the emerging superpower, China. Moreover, Russia's strength is in no way comparable to that of the former Soviet Union.

Indeed, demographically, Russia is undergoing a dramatic decline. Apart from commodity exports, it has little to offer to the global economy.

Notwithstanding booming oil and gas revenues, its infrastructure remains underdeveloped, and successful economic modernization is a long way off.

Likewise, its political and legal system is authoritarian, and its numerous minority problems remain unsolved. As a result, Russia's current challenging of the territorial integrity of Georgia might prove to be a grave error in the not-so-distant future.

Given this structural weakness, the idea of a new Cold War is misleading. The Cold War was an endurance race between two similarly strong rivals, the weaker of which eventually had to give up. Russia does not have the capacity to wage another struggle of that type. Nevertheless, as a restored great power, the new Russia will for the time being attempt to ride in the slipstream of other great powers for as long as doing so coincides with its possibilities and interests; it will concentrate on its own sphere of influence and on its role as a global energy power; and it will otherwise make use of its opportunities on a global scale to limit America's power. But it will not be able to seriously challenge the United States - or looking towards the future, China -in ways that the Soviet Union once did.

It is now clear that in the future, Russia will once again pursue its vital interests with military force -particularly in its "near abroad." But Europe must never accept a renewal of Russian great power politics, which operates according to the idea that might makes right. Indeed, it is here that Russia's renewed confrontation with the West begins, because the new Europe is based on the principle of the inviolability of boundaries, peaceful conflict resolution, and the rule of law, so to forgo this principle for the benefit of imperial zones of influence would amount to self-abandonment. Further eastward expansion of NATO, however, will be possible only against fierce Russian resistance.

Nor will this kind of policy in any way create more security, because it entails making promises that won't be kept in an emergency - as we now see in Georgia.

For too long, the West has ignored Russia's recovery of strength and was not prepared to accept the consequences. But not only Russia has changed; so has the entire world. America's neo-conservatives have wasted a large part of their country's power and moral authority in an unnecessary war in Iraq, willfully weakening the only global Western power. China, India, Brazil, Russia, and the Persian Gulf today are the world economy's new growth centers and will soon be centers of power to be reckoned with. In view of these realities, the threat of exclusion from the G8 doesn't really feel earth shattering to Russia. Europe's disunity and impotence underline this image of a West that has partially lost touch with geo-political realities.

The response to the return of Russia's imperial great power politics has nothing to do with punishing Russia, and a lot to do with establishing innately Western -- especially European -- positions of power. This requires several measures: a new political dynamism vis-à-vis Turkey to link this country, one crucial for European security, permanently to Europe; putting a stop to Moscow's divide-and-conquer politics by adopting a common EU energy policy; a serious initiative for strengthening Europe's defense capabilities; a greater EU commitment to Ukraine to safeguard its independence; a greater freedom of travel for all the EU's Eastern neighbors.

All of this, and much more, is needed to send a clear signal to Russia that Europe is unwilling to stand idly by as it returns to great power politics.

Presumably, none of this will happen, and it is precisely such inaction that is, in large part, the cause of Russia's strength and Europe's weakness. At the same time, however, one shouldn't lose sight of the joint interests linking Russia and the West. Cooperative relations should be maintained as far as possible.

It is blatantly obvious that for Russia's elites, weakness and cooperation are mutually exclusive.

Therefore, whoever wants cooperation with Russia -which is in Europe's interest -- must be strong. That is the lesson from the violence in the Caucasus that Europe must urgently take to heart.

Joschka Fischer, Germany's Foreign Minister and Vice Chancellor from 1998 to 2005, led Germany's Green Party for nearly 20 years. © Project Syndicate/Institute for Human Sciences, 2008.

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