A Place For Ceremony
PG2 Tom Partridge September 2010
A Place For Ceremony
Plans, Sections & Elevations
04 - 16
Climatic Conditions
18 - 20
Natural Lighting / Shadow Conditions
21 - 22
Heating & Ventilation Strategy
23 - 28
Low Energy Artificial Lighting
29 - 32
Sustainability & Materiality
33
PG2 Tom Partridge September 2010
02
03
Plans, Sections & Elevations
04
High Street Elevation @ 1:500
Scottish Larch Timber Cladding Pilkington Suncool Glazing
05
High Street Elevation @ 1:100
Hit & Miss Vents
Thomas Street Elevation @ 1:500
Scottish Larch Timber Cladding
Pilkington Suncool Glazing
Hit & Miss Vents
Thomas Street Elevation @ 1:100
06
Edge Street Elevation @ 1:500
07
Edge Street Elevation @ 1:100
Rear Courtyard Elevation @ 1:500
Reclaimed Brick Infill Wall
Fortismore CFM 103 Air Source Heat Pump
Rear Courtyard Elevation @ 1:100
08
ge Ed re St et
et
gh
e tr
S
oci ab o S eh R Bar
i
H
e
c an
tr
En
o ek ’s K ku o r M Ba
y on m re xit Ce E
FT
LI
nt
a Pl
as om
Th
g tin ai rea W A
St t
e re
09
Ground Floor Plan @ 1:200
e
or
St
r Ca op St
Kensa Ground Source Heat Pump
re e Fi ap c r Es tai S
ge Ed re St et
et
h ig
e tr
S
H
FT
LI
y on m re all Ce H te
ou
lR
i
ss
e oc
a on
Pr
as
om
Th et
re
St
Ceremony Hall Level @ 1:200
10
ge Ed re St et
et
h ig
e tr
S
H
st ny Po mo e re ac Ce Sp
od . Fo ep Pr
C
C
FW
W
D T
F LI
FT
LI
y
on
te
ou
R
as
om
Th et
re
St
11
First Floor Plan @ 1:200
to
B
c al
it
To
Ex
ge Ed re St et
se n u g Co llin
t ee
r
gh
St
i
H
in dm fice A f O C
T
F LI
C
W
W
D
FT
LI
ny
o lc
Ba
re e Fi ap c r Es tai S
as
om
Th et
re
St
Second Floor Plan @ 1:200
12
ge Ed re St et
et
h ig
H
as om
Th St t
e re
13
Roof Plan @ 1:200
S
e tr
Admin Office
Balcony
Post Ceremony Space
CUT OFF
Counselling Room
Secondary Hanging Structure Ceremony Hall
Socio-Rehab Bar
Keko-Moku’s Bar Entrance
Socio-Rehab Cellar
Car Stop
Keko-Moku’s Cellar
Long Section @ 1:100
14
15
N
et
re
h
ig
St
ge
Ed
H
et
re
St
as
om
Th et
re
St
Location Plan @ 1:2000
16
17
Climatic Conditions
18
The site I have chosen is located in Central Manchester. Manchester has a lower average annual rainfall (806.6 mm) compared to the UK national average (1,125 mm), though it has a relatively high humidity level. The average rainfall is ranges between 50 - 79 mm throughout the year, relative humidity is fairly constant, around 85% and temperatures range between 1.3ยบC and 19.6ยบC. Due to these conditions, there is no requirement for any extraordinary measures for coping with the climate. However, due to the non-vernacular nature of my design, and varying occupancy requirements within the building, the environmental design is non-traditional.
19
Manchester Average Precipitation 90
80
Precipitation (mm)
70 60
50
40
30 20
10
0 Avg Precipitation
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
69
50
61
51
61
67
65
79
74
77
78
78
Manchester Average Temperatures
25
Centigrade
20
15
Avg Temp High Temp Low Temp
10
5
0 Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Manchester Mean Relative Humidity 100 90
87
80
79
86
85
85
85
87
88
89
89
88
87 80
77
76
70
89
73 68
68 63
60
58
60
63
64 Max Daily Relative Humidity
50
Min Daily Relative Humidity
40 30 20 10 0 Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
20
Natural Lighting / Shadow Conditions The site is northwest facing, and is blocked from sunlight by adjacent buildings to the northeast and southeast of the site. However, the large glazed southwest elevation receives high sunlight loads during the afternoons in the summertime. During these periods ventilation and air conditioning would be required to combat super-heating of the interior volume. I have specified that Pilkington Suncool glazing be used, with a 16mm 90% Argon filled cavity, achieving a U-value of 1.1 W/m2K, this would reduce the amount of solar gain within the internal space, and also provide some insulation during the colder months. As you can see (diagrams right) during the winter there is very little sunlight on any of the façades. In order to satisfy Part L of the Building Regulations, the amount of glazing in the new construction is offset against the adopted adjacent building, using the “...glazing should be no more than 25% of the total floor area” rule.
21
Though even when using the adjacent building’s floor area, the glazing still to comes to 37% of the total floor area. The required U-value for glazing, as stated in Part L2A is 2.2 W/m2K, I hope by using the Pilkington Suncool glazing, with a U-value of 1.1 W/m2K, I can effectively halve the amount of glazing accounted for. Though I understand that in practice this reasoning would not satisfy Building Control, and full Sap calculations would need to be submitted.
SUMMER
WINTER
0800
0800
1000
1000
1200
1200
1400
1400
1600
1600
1800
2000
Site Shadow Conditions in Summer and Winter
22
Heating & Ventilation Strategy The usage of the building, a ceremony hall, means that there is no constant occupancy. The occupancy would vary from being practically vacant, to periods of high usage, when up to 100 people may occupy the space. During high occupancy it can be assumed that 8 kW of heat load will be generated from body heat. (100 people x 80 W/person) To estimate the peak internal heat loss (PIHL), I have used a rule-of-thumb equation. For a modern building that meets the requirements of Part L of the Building Regulations, it can be assumed that the PIHL will be 40 W/m2 x the total floor area. As my building has an open internal volume equivelant to approximately 4 storeys in a normal office/residential unit, I have also multiplied this figure by 4. Int. Floor Area = x = x PIHL =
244m 40 W/m2 9760 W 4 storeys 39 kW 2
Therefore, my building requires a heating system that can produce at least 39kW of heat load.
The heating strategy I have adopted is an assisted passive ventilation strategy. To reduce the carbon footprint of the building, I intend to use the concrete mass within the building, which carries much of the building embodied carbon footprint, to passively ventilate the building with warm and cool air. This passive heating system would not work without 2 other auxillary systems to assist it. The first is a ground source heat pump, this recovers heat stored within the ground via 8no. 10m runs of pipe layed beneath the building. Each 10m run of pipe will generate approximately 1kW of heat energy, giving a total of 8kW. This does not meet the total estimated PIHL. Though even if enough heat could be recovered from the ground to heat the building, there are restrictions on how hot a floor surface can be, so it would not be feasible to heat the building via underfloor heating alone. The heat recovered from the ground would be passed though pipes within the concrete mass of the building. The benefit of using ground source heat recovery, and heating the concrete mass, is that a constant background temperature can be achieved. During hotter months the concrete can also be cooled via the same method. Continued... p.25
23
Ventilation Fans Ventilation Ducts through Concrete Mass
Kensa Plant Room Ground Source Heat Pump
Fortismore CFM 103 Air Source Heat Pump
Ground Floor Plan; indicating Plant locations @ 1:200
24
...continued Ventilation pipes running through the concrete within the building, when the concrete is warm, external air would be drawn in, ventilating as well as heating the Ceremony Hall. On hot days, the concrete would be cooler than the air temperature. Hot stale air within the building would rise and leave the building via hit & miss vents located within the fascias. The natural convection within the building would draw in further air at ground floor level, through ducts in the concrete, allowing it to be cooled and ventilate the building. (Note diagram on opposite page) As I mentioned earlier, this system alone could not heat nor cool the building entirely, therefore, there is a further integrated auxillary system. This system is an air source heat pump system, which recovers heat from the outside air and using a condensing boiler creates far higher temperatures, for use within the building. As with the ground source heat pump, this process can be reversed to also cool the building. I have specified a Fortismore CFM 103 (dimensions: 710 x 710 x 830). This unit is located outside of the building, to the rear (as seen on the Rear Courtyard Elevation), and can produce
23
an output temperature of up to 65ยบC. Heat can be recovered from air temperatures ranging between 12 43ยบC. The unit would assist the natural convection currents within the building, being able to produce up to 72 kW of heat energy. It can provide warm or cool air, which would be blown through the ducts in the concrete and into the internal volume. Ducts would also be positioned at high level, so cool air could filter down into the Ceremony Hall.
Section indicating ventilation strategy during cold weather
Section indicating ventilation strategy during warm weather
Mechanically Operated Hit & Miss Vents
26
27
Mechanically Operated Hit & Miss Vents
Kensa Plant Room Ground Source Heat Pump 800 x 900 x 1750 10m of trench pipes = 1kW of power
Fortismore CFM 103 710 x 710 x 830 (72 kW / 24,0000 Btu) Output temperature 65ยบC Working temperature: -12ยบC - 43ยบC
Plant Information (Further specification attached at back of document)
28
Low Energy Artificial Lighting On the whole I intend the Ceremony Hall to be lit naturally when possible. Though during the winter months this would severely restrict the operating hours of the building. Therefore, I have specified low energy lighting throughout the building. Pendant flood lamps are provided to light the Ceremony Hall completely, should the hall be used for alternative purposes other than ceremonies, and also for cleaning and maintenance. Though the predominant light source would be the 20W spotlights positioned throughout the building. I have specified these to provide lighting along walkways and also provide task lighting in the food preperation area and toilets. There are also floodlights located at Ground Floor which would uplight the steel columns of the building to provide an architectural and ambient lighting solution.
29
Smartflood Floodlight Megaman Luster 20W PAR38 E27
Ground Floor Lighting Plan @ 1:200
Ceremony Hall Lighting Plan @ 1:200
30
Smartflood Floodlight Megaman Luster 20W PAR38 E27
First Floor Lighting Plan @ 1:200
31
Second Floor Heating Plan @ 1:200
Lighting Specification Smart Flood Energy Saving Flood Light 26 W Smart Flood 1,800 lumens 10,000 hour average lifespan Equivelant: 150 W Halogen 2,400 lumen 2000 hour average lifespan
Megaman Luster Low Energy Highbay with Aluminium Reflector 200 W 416mm diameter 15,000 hour lifespan Equivelant: Metal Halide 250 W 3,000 hour lifespan
20 W PAR38 E27 Low Energy Spotlight with saving reflector 20 W 8,000 hour lifespan Equivelant: 100 W PAR38 2,000 hour lifespan
32
Sustainability & Materiality I have tried to use sustainable materials where possible throughout my design, and where not possible, i.e. use of concrete, maximise its use for sustainable gain*. Further material considerations relate to the sourcing of materials. The timber cladding is ‘Scottish Larch’, which is ideal for cladding and can be sourced from Scotland. I looked into the possibility of sourcing timber from more local English forests, however, I could only find timbers suitable for internal applications, and they were not appropriate for treatment. (Refer to attached literature: ‘Timber Species’ from the Timber Centre.) Russwood, a UK based timber processing firm are able to create timber cladding to custom profiles, and also specialise in Scottish Larch. (Refer to attached literature: ‘Timber Cladding / Scottish Larch’ from “http://www.russwood.co.uk”) The custom designed steels could also be fabricated locally by Corus UK Ltd, who’s factory is located only 49 miles away in Deeside. This further reduces the buildings embodied carbon footprint.
29
* As mentioned earlier in the document, the concrete’s mass is used to store heat energy recovered by the ground source heat pump system.
34
A Place For Ceremony
PG2 Tom Partridge September 2010