History atlas

ATLAS OF WORLD HISTORY

A book design sample for a publishing company

t h e wo r l d t ra n s fo r m e d 1500–1900

The World Transformed

t h e wo r l d t ra n s fo r m e d 1500–1900

1500–1900 The emergence from around 1500 of powerful and ambitious maritime nation states in Europe, and their impact on the wider world that included contacts with the empires of South and East Asia, and in the hitherto largely separate Americas, saw the emergence of a global pattern of trade, influence, and empire which has continued down to the modern age. This development was not, however, achieved without enormous cost: the native populations of the Americas were decimated by diseases imported by the Europeans. Many millions of Africans were transported across to Atlantic to work as slaves in the Americas, and the once grand empires of India, Southeast Asia and China were gradually reduced by coercion and brute force.

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t h e wo r l d t ra n s fo r m e d 1500–1900

The World Transformed 1500–1900 Fusce vehicula rhoncus luctus iaculis, elit nibh dictum orci, nec vulputate quam mi sit amet mi.

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Natia verit, inis mosamus dolor.

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Vivamus at rhoncus mauris. Aliquam dapibus semper bibendum.

Sed convallis, odio nec aliquet aliquet, risus ligula aliquet risus, ac pulvinar lacus mauris in nibh.

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The World Transformed 1500–1900 1500

396: Roman Empire divided into eastern and western halves xx

370: Huns enter Europe

1600

238: First Germanic incursions into Roman Empire

370: Huns enter Europe 200: Han dynasty collapses

t h e wo r l d t ra n s fo r m e d 1500–1900

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caboruptur mintiae et ex eos aut laut odi ommostium quunt mos rendame sequamus exerum, simincit mos alitem. Sunt volorae et optis ra nis pelibusci in nestene mporesti blam facernam faccum quatum fugiam, ut ea volore pa derio. Lorepe cusdam, ut imuscia sum quianducias verum que vel experibea nusaeca estios ea voluptaqui con re mi, nonsequ atiorunt, sollab incit placearcit odit ea net qui repudaecto tem quatusciis qui omnis ne dolorem reperereic to mod eossit volles exerum sita vellaut quidus nis dunt.

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1800

c.150: Ptolemy publishes first World Atlas

117: Roman Empire at greatest extent 31: Roman victory at Actium consolidates

60: Establishment of Kushan Empire

1900

141: Wudi expands Han power into Central Asia xx

t h e c l a ss i c a l wo r l d

Trade in the Ancient World c.150 bce–400 ce Fusce vehicula rhoncus luctus iaculis, elit nibh dictum orci, nec vulputate quam mi sit amet mi.

Praesent posuere, ipsum vel ultrices adipiscing, quam orci luctus enim, ut lacinia metus nisl in neque lementum nulla non or osuere, ipsum ve ipsum vel ultrices adipiscing.

Trade in the Ancient World 150 BCE–400 BCE 396: Roman Empire divided into eastern and western halves

400

370: Huns enter Europe 238: First Germanic incursions into Roman Empire

300

224: Beginning of Sassanian control in Persia 200: Han dynasty collapses

200

c.150: Ptolemy publishes first World Atlas

100

60: Establishment of Kushan Empire

1CE

31: Roman victory at Actium consolidates control of eastern Mediterranean 100 BCE

141: Wudi expands Han power into Central Asia

xx

200 BCE

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The Silk Trade Silk was one of the most treasured imports from the East, and huge caravans of camels were assembled to transport the material from China to the markets of Central Asia, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean.

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A F R I C A

Juba Congo

Supplying Rome By 150 BCE Rome was the largest city in Europe, consuming vast quantities of food, supplies and material.

To supply the taste for blood sports, exotic animals were imported from sub-Saharan Africa.

t ra d e i n t h e a n c i e n t wo r l d 150 b ce – 400 ce

Eurasian and African trade c.1 CE

Trade under Sail

Goods traded

Roman Empire and client states

Although China remained uninterested

in developing trading infrastructures,

amber animals clothing gold silver grain horses incense ivory olive oil precious stones silk slaves spices timber tin tortoiseshell wine

Han Empire

the civilizations of the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean were keen to

Trade routes

exploit new technologies to suport their

Roman Indian Ocean Silk Road China East Africa amber incense other

trading emporia. While square-rigged Roman galleys plied the Mediterranean and the coast and rivers of Europe (right), Arab lateen-rigged dhows exploited the monsoon system of the Indian Ocean to link trading posts.

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Trading Cities Petra, in Jordan, is a fine example of the transient wealth that was accumulated by sites that straddled key trading routes in the ancient world. Its ruins today belie the volume of traffic and importance of the site in the valuable incense trade.

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The Colonization of Africa 1800–1900 Fusce vehicula rhoncus luctus iaculis, elit nibh dictum orci, nec vulputate quam mi sit amet mi.

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370: Huns enter Europe 238: First Germanic incursions into Roman Empire

300

224: Beginning of Sassanian control in Persia 200: Han dynasty collapses

200

c.150: Ptolemy publishes first World Atlas 117: Roman Empire at greatest extent

100

60: Establishment of Kushan Empire

1CE

31: Roman victory at Actium consolidates control of eastern Mediterranean 100 BCE

xx

141: Wudi expands Han power into Central Asia

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Mauris eget nisl et tortor tristique pellentesque vitae

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British possessions

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The Colonization of Africa 1800–1900

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Sed convallis, odio nec aliquet aliquet, risus ligula aliquet risus, ac pulvinar lacus mauris in nibh.

African States c.1830

PORTUG

The Wealth of Benin The small but wealthy kingdom of Benin, in West Africa, with its sophisticated trading system and advanced bronze technology, was one of many states invaded and subdued

by European colonialists in the 1890s.

Quisque varius convallis lectus quis vestibulum.

Aenean sodales, ipsum ultrices tristique iaculis, elit nibh dictum orci, nec vulputate quam mi sit amet mi. Praesent posuere, ipsum vel ultrices adipiscing, quam orci luctus enim, ut lacinia metus nisl in neque.

Nam id est sit amet est pulvinar sagittis nec at massa.

Aliquam ultrices tellus nunc. Duis blandit iaculis lacus non malesuada. Praesent eget massa sagittis tortor lacinia vehicula et quis massa. Pellentesque elementum nulla non orci vulputate pellentesque.

Curabitur aliquam mi vel sem faucibus blandit. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Donec non nulla mi, in porta velit. Curabitur dolor eros, adipiscing non elementum in, malesuada eu est.

AST CO itain r LD GO 21 to B 18

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LIBE RIA IC NT Vestibulum in A L N AT volutpat orci. PelEA C O lentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis. In pharetra facilisis diam in hendrerit. Donec luctus quam quis elit pretium vitae dignissim nibh vehicula. In pharetra facilisis diam in hendrerit. Donec luctus quam quis elit pretium vitae dignissim nibh vehicula.Lam doloraturia apic tem nest rem conse cone prerunt aut ant.

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Nam utemped itatest veligenim quam eveliquis asi net aut maximint ut exceri as des sernatatum untibus aliquae sit alissitis et eosam ipidit esto beaquate mint et aut raturio. Imillorunti utObit fuga. Nam, eos nobit rerume cum facessitis ereribus prem.

t h e co lo n i z a t i o n o f a f r i c a 1800–1900

The Scramble for Africa The bitterness of the struggle to control Africa was extraordinary.

Throughout the 19th century ‘punitive’ expeditions were mounted which resulted in the decimation of whole tribes and societies. The struggle was not limited to the native populations:

The Kingdom of Kongo By the 18th century, Europeans were sending trading missions to the courts of many African rulers and states. Here emissaries prostrate themselves before the ruler of Kongo.

a Massawto Egypt

DAR

founde

FUR

U

Upper Volta

Ivory Coast GOLD COAST

LIBERIA

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PIA ETHIO

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had

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SIERRA LEONE

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AN

OF KORD

W

BORN

1818–66

um Khartod 1830

FRENCH WEST AFRICA

Niger

NIGERIA

Belgium

CAMEROON Fernando Póo Príncipe RIO MUNI São Tomé FR Annobón GABON

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t

A ded 1 foun ANGOL ort. to P 1484

be

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u

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u

e

s

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ge Oran

Town Cape d 1652 e

I. Sainte Marie

e 1818 to Franc

MERINA

Spain Independent states British dominion

Walvis Bay

GERMAN EAST AFRICA

NORTHERN RHODESIA

Pemba Zanzibar

SOUTHERN PORTUGUESE RHODESIA EAST AFRICA BECHUANALAND SWAZILAND

UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA

Aldabra Is Comoro Is

BASUTOLAND

Colonial Possessions 1890 The European powers partitioned their possessions in Africa largely by treaty agreements between themselves. Areas of control were demarcated with little understanding of cultures and societies, which contributed to many of the problems that confronted newly-independent African states in the 1960s.

Madagascar ) (São Lourenço

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Mozambi

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BRITISH EAST AFRICA

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Comoros Africa

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st

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to 1483 to Spain 1778

ng o

é Tom gal São3 to Portu 148 al bón Anno Portug

Malindi

INDIAN OCEAN

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e

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go

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148 to Sp. 1778

Lake Victoria

O SUP MAN REM I AC Y

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e

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Italy

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LAND

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BRITISH SOMALILAND

ETHIOPIA

BELGIAN CONGO

ANGOLA

Germany

GALLA

FRENCH SOMALILAND

SUDAN

Britain France

ERITREA

ANGLOEGYPTIAN

AR

Wara I A D A

Senegal French Sudan GAMBIA PORT French GUINEA Guinea

SC

18

EGYPT

GA

ypt

to Eg 20–22

LIBYA

Mauritania

1818 to

ubia

ALGERIA

SPANISH SAHARA

RIO DE ORO

DAHOMEY TOGO

N

Suakin Egypt

ni ns ul a

MOROCCO

DA

uto 1811 a

ea

Canary Islands

MA

D

nomo

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IAL A FRICA

e

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ed

T G Y P us

SPANISH MOROCCO

n

T OR

s

R

Aswan

t

r

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e

UA

an

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N il

EQ

1835 1521– mous o auton

ra bi a

CH

Cy

ipoli

A

Cairo

EN

Ale

a renaic

li Tripo

long-standing Dutch settlers, the

TUNISIA

Me

bject

resisted European incursions, as did Boers, in the far south.

a n S e xaandria

rane diter

Wahhabi jihadists in the Muslim north

Colon CapeBritain

nds 1795 to therla the Ne 1803 to Britain to 4 1 1806–

African Exploration Although often sponsored by religious or scientific foundations, the motivations behind African exploration were largely imperialist. In a short century the continent was transformed from a rich trading complex to one dominated by European powers. xx

Design and cartography: Tom Coulson For design and cartography commissions email: tom@encompass-graphics.co.uk Work portfolio: www.encompass-graphics.co.uk