Codes lecture 2015 pt 2 by Tom Makowski

DESIGN ELEMENTS: CORRIDORS

Swinging doors may not reduce a corridor to less than half the required width.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: CORRIDORS

CORRIDORS DESIGN ELEMENTS: CORRIDORS

Various conditions for wheelchair maneuverability in corridors.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: CORRIDORS

Various conditions for wheelchair maneuverability in corridors.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: CORRIDORS

Various conditions for wheelchair maneuverability in corridors.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: DOORS

Regardless of operation, a door used as a means of egress must provide a minimum of 32” of clear width. Single leaf swinging doors may be up to 48” wide. Double doors are permitted as long as both leaves comply with these limits. Headroom in the door opening must be 80” minimum. In most public occupancies, doors other than swing operation are not appropriate either as a means of egress, or as a component of accessibility. For doors serving as egress from spaces having less than 50 people, the door may swing in (toward the interior of the space). Over 50 people, the door must swing in the direction of egress travel (generally, out, or away from the space).

DESIGN ELEMENTS: DOORS

Provide at least 48â&#x20AC;? separation between doors in series. Note: in situations where egress requires doors to swing along the path of travel, some of these configurations would not be permitted.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: DOORS

DESIGN ELEMENTS: DOORS In all areas required to be accessible means of egress, the floor on both sides of a door must be level for at least three feet on either side of the threshold. There can not be a step or any change in level of more than Â˝â&#x20AC;? at the threshold.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: STAIRS

A stair in a means of egress must be at least 36” wide when it serves no more than 50 people. For a larger population, the minimum width is 44”. Landings along the stair must provide the required width continuously. Doors opening into a stair landing may not reduce the landing to less than half the required width, and when fully open, can not infringe on the required width by more than 7”.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: STAIRS Stair treads must be no less than 11 inches. Stair risers may be between 4 and 7 inches. All risers must be identical along the same stair.

A stair must have a level landing at the top and bottom, the length and width of which must be the same or greater than the width of the stair. A stair that rises more than 12 feet must have at least one intermediate landing as well.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: STAIRS Circular stairs can be beautiful, but their use as a means of egress is restricted. To be acceptable as a means of egress, the inside radius of the stair must be at least twice the width of the stair. The treads must be at least 11 inches deep at a point 12 inches in from the inner side of the curve.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: STAIRS Winders are wedge shaped treads in corner stairs. These are sometimes permitted in residential design, but are considered too dangerous for use as a means of egress in a public building.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: STAIRS Spiral stairs must comply with a very strict set of dimensional requirements to be considered an acceptable part of a means of egress. They are not recommended for use except for very small populations, serving spaces where the general public is not likely to have need for them, such as in storage, mechanical rooms, and other service areas.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: HANDRAILS

Stairs and ramps along a means of egress must have handrails on both sides. Handrails must be between 34 and 38 inches above the walking surface.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: HANDRAILS

On very wide (â&#x20AC;&#x153;monumentalâ&#x20AC;?) stairs, a handrail must be available for reach within 30 inches of any point along the required width of the path of travel (except in the aisles of theaters and similar assembly spaces, discussed later).

DESIGN ELEMENTS: HANDRAILS

Handrails on stairs must be continuous, and must extend horizontally beyond the top step by 12 inches, and continue to slope beyond the bottom step for a distance of one tread depth. The Accessibility Code requires a 12â&#x20AC;? horizontal extension at the bottom of stairs; the Life Safety Code does not.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: HANDRAILS A circular cross section between 1.25 and 2 inches is preferred. Other shapes are permitted within very strict dimensional limits.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: RAMPS

A sloped surface steeper that 1:20 is considered a RAMP. Ramps used as a means of egress, or as a component of handicap accessibility, may not be steeper than 1:12. Ramps as steep as 1:8 are permitted in limited situations, but not as a component of egress or accessibility. Ramps steeper than 1:8 are never permitted under any circumstances. A ramp must have a level landing at the top and bottom. The length of the landing in the direction of travel must be at least 5 feet, and the landing must be at least as wide as the ramp. The maximum rise of a ramp between landings is 30â&#x20AC;?. A change in level of more than 30â&#x20AC;? requires an additional intermediate landing.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: RAMPS

A ramp must be 36 inches wide minimum. Where a ramp changes direction at a landing, the width of the landing must be 5 feet in both dimensions. The ramp may not narrow in width in the direction of egress travel. No projections other than the handrails are permitted along the length of the ramped surface. Doors may not project into a landing by more than 7 inches.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: RAMPS

Handrails are required on both sides of a ramp. They must be between 34 and 38 inches above the ramp surface. Where they are not continuous (at landings, for example), they must extend 18 inches horizontally beyond the sloped surface. Where it may be possible to fall over the open side of a ramp, additional rails or a guard must be provided.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: GUARDS Guards must be located along the open side of walkways, balconies, mezzanines, stairs, and ramps, where a fall of 30 inches exists to the nearest surface below. In public buildings and sites, guards must be 42â&#x20AC;? high (in residential design the rail on a stair at 34 to 38 inches is permitted, and balcony railings may be 36â&#x20AC;? high). Non-solid guards need to have pickets or grill patterns designed to prevent a 4â&#x20AC;? diameter sphere from passing through, up to a height of 34 inches. This is to prevent people (usually, but not necessarily, small children) from slipping through and falling or getting stuck.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: ELEVATORS Elevators are an available component of accessibility, but they may not be considered as a means of egress. In an emergency, an elevator is not a reliable way to exit the building.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: ELEVATORS

DESIGN ELEMENTS: ELEVATORS For relatively short vertical rise, such as providing access to a performance stage, a mechanical lift platform may be provided.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: PARKING Parking lots in all areas required to be accessible must include sufficient parking for disabled personnel. The Federal ADA requires each space to be 8 feet wide minimum, 18 feet long, with an area identified by special markings on the parking surface at least 5 feet wide adjacent to the space, for loading and unloading of handicapped persons from the vehicle. Signage and unique painted surfaces reserve these areas. TOTAL PARKING SPACES IN LOT

REQUIRED HANDICAP SPACES

1 TO 25

1 SPACE

26 TO 50

2 SPACES

51 TO 75

3 SPACES

76 TO 100

4 SPACES

101 TO 150

5 SPACES

151 TO 200

6 SPACES

EACH 100 THEREAFTER

1 ADDITIONAL SPACE

Can you name them?

DESIGN ELEMENTS: WORKSURFACE

DESIGN ELEMENTS: ASSEMBLY SPACES

DESIGN ELEMENTS: ASSEMBLY SPACES AISLE

AISLE ACCESWAY Aisles provide a direct route to an exit. Aisles must be 36” wide for up to 50 seats. For 51+ seats width must be 42” minimum. Aisle accessways are the paths of travel between obstacles that lead to one or more aisle. Aisle accessways must be 12” wide for the first 12 feet, plus ½” for every additional foot in length. Limited to 36 feet from the furthest seat to an aisle.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: ASSEMBLY SPACES AISLE

DESIGN ELEMENTS: ASSEMBLY SEATING

Aisle = 36 inches

Accessway= 55 inches

Aisles and aisle accessways in assembly spaces with seating at tables. The Code assumes a 19â&#x20AC;? seat depth added to the accessway.

Accessway= 74 inches

DESIGN ELEMENTS: ASSEMBLY SEATING Fixed seats, such as in theaters and cinemas, are typically between 19â&#x20AC;? and 22â&#x20AC;? wide. It is often necessary to provide seats of varying widths, spaced in a staggered arrangement to improve sightlines. Where fixed seats are reclining type, the aisle accessway width is assumed to be measured with the seat in the upright position.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: ASSEMBLY SEATING Auditoriums, theaters, and all other assembly spaces with seating – whether fixed or moveable – must provide wheelchair accessible spaces.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: ASSEMBLY SEATING The number of wheelchair spaces to be provided is based on the total number of seats in the room. The wheelchair space may be counted as a seat in the total number of seats provided. It must be located on an aisle or other accessible route (36â&#x20AC;? minimum leading from the spot to a means of egress). NUMBER OF SEATS TOTAL

REQUIRED WHEELCHAIR SPACES

4 to 25

1 space

26 to 50

2 spaces

51 to 300

4 spaces

301 to 500

6 spaces

500 +

1 additional space per 100

DESIGN ELEMENTS: ASSEMBLY SEATING The width of a wheelchair space is 36” for a single space and 33” each when paired. Each wheelchair space must have a designated “companion seat” adjacent to it for an able-bodied person to accompany the patron in the wheelchair. Placement of wheelchair spaces is not defined in the Code, which states only that “Wheelchair areas shall be an integral part of any fixed seating plan and shall be provided so as to provide people with physical disabilities a choice of admission prices and lines of sight comparable to those for members of the general public.” Where the number of total seats exceeds 300, wheelchair areas may not be clustered together.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: ASSEMBLY SPACES • Floor surfaces with a slope steeper than 1:20 are a ramp. • Ramped aisles steeper than 1:15 (and aisle stairs) require handrails. • Ramps steeper than 1:12 are not considered accessible. Therefore they may not be used to connect to areas that are required to be handicap accessible. • Floors in assembly spaces that rise steeper than 1:8 must do so with steps (“aisle stairs”). • Aisle stair treads must be 11” minimum. • Aisle stair risers can not be less than 4” high. • Aisle stair risers may be as high as 9” to preserve sightlines in the audience. • Aisle stair risers may change dimension to preserve sightlines. However the 4” minimum and 9” maximum limits must be maintained. The locations where the riser height changes must be clearly marked on the walking surface for safety.

DESIGN ELEMENTS: BALCONY GUARDS

â&#x20AC;˘ Along the open side of a mezzanine balcony, or along the open side of a cross aisle where the floor drops at the open side at least 30 inches, a guardrail is required. Where it is in front of seats, it may be as low as 26 inches to preserve sight lines. â&#x20AC;˘ At the end of aisles perpendicular to balcony edges, the guardrail must be 42 inches high.

RESTROOMS

OCCUPANCY

FT.2 / PERSON

OCCUPANCY

FT.2 / PERSON

Aircraft Hanger

500 gross

Industrial areas

100 gross

Institutional: Inpatient treatment areas Outpatient areas Sleeping areas

240 gross 100 gross 120 gross

Kitchens, commercial

200 gross

Library: Reading rooms Stack area

50 net 100 gross

Locker rooms

50 gross

Mercantile Sales floors

60 gross

Storage, stock, shipping areas

300 gross

Parking garages

200 gross

Airport terminal: Baggage claim Baggage handling Concourse Waiting areas Assembly: • with fixed seats:

20 gross 300 gross 100 gross 15 gross

• with bleachers, benches, or grandstands: • with removable seats: • with tables and chairs: • open standing space:

• The seats are counted. • One person per 18" of linear seating area. • 7 net • 15 net • 5 net

Business areas

100 gross

Courtrooms—other than fixed seating areas

40 net

Day care

20 net

Skating rinks

50 gross

Dormitories

50 gross

Swimming pool deck

30 gross

Educational: Classroom s: Shops and other vocational:

20 net 50 net

Swimming pool water surface

50 gross

Stages and platforms

15 net

storage areas, mechanical equipment room

300 gross

Warehouses

500 gross

Exercise rooms: With equipment: Without equipment:

50 gross 15 gross

Manufacturing :

200 gross

OCCUPANCY

WATER CLOSETS MALE FEMALE

LAVATORIES MALE FEMALE

WATER FOUNTAIN

Theaters, Cinema

1 per 125

1 per 65

1 per 200

1 per 500

Nightclub

1 per 40

1 per 75

1 per 500

Restaurant

1 per 75

1 per 200

1 per 500

Auditoria, Galleries, etc.

1 per 125

1 per 65

1 per 200

1 per 500

Passenger Terminals

1 per 500

1 per 750

1 per 1000

Places of Worship

1 per 150

1 per 75

1 per 200

1 per 1000

Sports Arenas, Stadiums, Amusement Parks, Skating Rinks, etc.

1 per 75 for the first 1500, 1 per 120 for the remainder

1 per 40 for the first 1500, 1 per 60 for the remainder

1 per 200

1 per 150

1 per 1000

Business (Offices)

1 per 25 for the first 50, 1 per 50 for the remainder

1 per 40 for the first 50, 1 per 80 for the remainder

1 per 100

Education

1 per 50

1 per 100

Mercantile (Shops)

1 per 500

1 per 750

1 per 1000

Storage (Warehouse)

1 per 100

1 per 1000

RESTROOMS • Separate facilities must be provided for each gender, except: • In places of employment, a single unisex toilet room is allowed where the population is 15 people or less. • In educational and institutional occupancies, employee toilet facilities must be provided separate from students, inmates, and/or patients. • The occupant load is assumed to be 50% of each gender, unless statistical data demonstrating otherwise is approved by the building official. • Toilet facilities must be available on every floor, except that in occupancies other than Assembly and Mercantile, toilet facilities may be located one floor above or below if the travel distance to the toilet room entrance does not exceed 500 feet.

RESTROOMS

ADA compliant lavatories are designed to permit a seated userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s knees to extend under the bowl several inches. LAVATORY

WATER CLOSET

Requirements for an accessible toilet stall or room, by element.

RESTROOMS

DOOR CLEARANCES

WHEELCHAIR MANEUVERING

Requirements for an accessible toilet stall or room, by element.

RESTROOMS

Requirements for an accessible toilet stall or room. An accessible route must be provided through any intervening space on the way to this room or stall, including minimum widths and clearances at doors.

RESTROOMS

SO IN CONCLUSION…REMEMBER YOUR RESPONSIBILITY AS A DESIGNER:

TO PROVIDE FOR THE LIFE…

SO IN CONCLUSION…REMEMBER YOUR RESPONSIBILITY AS A DESIGNER:

TO PROVIDE FOR THE LIFE… SAFETY…

SO IN CONCLUSION…REMEMBER YOUR RESPONSIBILITY AS A DESIGNER:

TO PROVIDE FOR THE LIFE… SAFETY… AND WELFARE… OF ALL MEMBERS OF CIVILIZATION, EQUALLY.

… ALSO, DON’T DRINK AND WHEEL.

REFERENCES • FLORIDA A.D.A. DESIGN REGULATIONS, AS OF 2010 http://www.ada.gov/regs2010/

• NATIONAL FIRE PREVENTION ASSOCIATION MANUAL (NFPA – 101), AS OF 2009 https://www.nfpa.org/ • FLORIDA BUILDING CODE 2010 EDITION http://www2.iccsafe.org/states/florida_codes/ (As of Spring 2015 the Florida Building Code will become “F.B.C. 5”)