Trader's Dispatch - June 2023

JUNE 2023

Vol. XXIV No. 5 P.O. Box 997 Conrad, MT 59425-0997

Marias River Livestock Assoc. membership social

On June 20th at 6 PM, the Marias River Livestock Association will host a MID-YEAR membership social. This is in conjunction with Montana Range Days, as Range Days invite all to learn about rangeland, including plant identification, soil ecology, management tools, and techniques.

Our membership social will be held in the 4-H exhibit building at the Marias Fairgrounds in Shelby, MT. Everyone is welcome!

Our night includes various speakers, including Montana State Representative Llew Jones, Montana State Senator Bruce (Butch) Gillespie, and Rocky Forseth, who is a representative for both Allied Genetic Resources and Superior Livestock Auction.

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UPCOMING AUCTIONS

June

27th Annual Big Sky Draft Horse Expo

June

June 28 - July 12, Booker Auction, Cascade Farms Inc Retirement, Online .... A4

July 8, Kevin Hill Auction, Prongua Ranch Sale, Hot Springs, MT ..............

July 8, RK Statewide Auctions, Metzger Estate, Glendive MT

July 8, Barnes Auction Service, Ken Grose Construction Estate, Dillon

Aug 5, Flying D Auction, Jim Hawkins, Cut Bank MT ................................. A16

Grazing and cover crops tours

By Todd Whitney, UNL

The Nebraska No-Till on the Plains Whirlwind Annual statewide educational tours on June 14th and 20th in 2023 will honor the legacy of Jody Saathoff, former soil health enthusiast, from Southcentral, NE. Participants will be: NoTill farmers and ranchers, youth and Agri-business.

By Pat Hansen

Wagonloads of fun await visitors of all ages during the 27th Annual Big Sky Draft Horse Expo at the fairgrounds, on the north end of Main Street, in Deer Lodge, Montana on June 23-25.

Each day’s performances are different and feature classes and events for both the Classic Six and Open exhibitors. Performances are at 3 p.m. Friday, June 23; 10 a.m. and 1 p.m. Saturday, June 24 and 10 a.m. Sunday, June 25.

After each show the public is invited to visit the barns to see the horses up close and to meet the owners. Friday and Saturday evenings enjoy a BBQ dinner and music by Montana musicians Dan Henry on Friday and the band “Whiskey Ditch” on Saturday. Sunday morning at 10:00 a.m. is Cowboy Church with Katy and Clay Law.

Open class teamsters, with their farm style horses, mules, Fjords, crossbreeds and light horse breeds will demonstrate log skidding, precision obstacle course driving, antique vehicles, pleasure carts, feed team races and other working skills used during the late 1800s and early 1900s; skills that are enjoying a revival of interest today.

Youth will also be competing during the show driving teams and single horses on wagons and carts.

Kids from the grandstand get to participate in the fun, too, by participating in a stick horse race, boot race and pole bending!

Throughout the weekend vendors at the fairgrounds will offer food and beverages, draft horse equipment, leatherwork, art and more.

On Wednesday, June 14, the daytime event will begin at 11:00 a.m. on the Franklin County Fairgrounds in Franklin, Nebraska with a lunch and keynote speaker, Jay Fuhrer, Soil Health – Menoken Farms No-Tiller, from Bismarck, North Dakota. Other speakers will be Ray Ward of Ward Labs and Paul Jasa, UNL Extension Engineering Specialist. Featured topics and demonstrations will include: “Using diversified No-Till crop rotations with livestock grazing;” “Drilling cereals and beans into heavy residue with livestock grazing,” and “Improving Forage Biomass. The 5:30 pm social and 6:30 p.m. meal topics will center around cover crops, diversification and livestock grazing followed by a fundraising auction.

The Expo is part of the Classic Six Series, a U.S.A. and Canadian competition. This year 11 Classic Six hitches from throughout the Northwest and Canada will demonstrate their driving skills of draft breeds - Percherons, Belgians, Shires, and Clydesdales. Decked out in gleaming show harness the horses will be pulling classic carts and show wagons – in classes that include four and six-horse hitches, unicorn, team, cart and more. Feel the immense horsepower of the “gentle giants” as the magnificent hitches thunder past the grandstand. The finale on Sunday will include a 10-horse hitch demonstration!

For more information and tickets: www. drafthorseexpo.com; call 406-490-1305 or email: drafthorseexpo@gmail.com. Tickets can be purchased on line or at the gate for one day; three day adult or family pass (two adults and children under 17); children10 and under are free. Group rates are also available at the gate.

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Meadowlake Belgians four-up owned by David and Patsy Cunningham of Carlton, Oregon showing at the Big Sky Draft Horse Expo in Deer Lodge, Montana.

Marias River Livestock Assoc. membership social

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Llew Jones will provide a summary of the most recent legislative session and will be available for questions.

Bruce (Butch) Gillespie is excited about a bill he introduced that replaces the one from two years ago regarding delisting grizzly bears, in line with US Fish and Wildlife regulations.

Rocky Forseth will share how to add value to your feeder cattle—focusing on genetics and discussing several other methods to help you get top dollar. Allied Genetics works with Superior Livestock Auction to help provide its bull customers access to the nation’s largest buyer base.

Don’t miss this informative event to learn more about the latest news concerning Montana’s livestock industry. MRLA strives to ensure that farmers and ranchers are taken into account by lawmakers. We bring attention to issues impacting our agricultural sector in the community and offer education on local and national changes affecting producers.

We encourage everyone to join us on June 20th at 6 PM and listen to these guest speakers talk about current news. By attending our event and joining our organization will give us a much stronger voice.

Marias River Livestock Association is delighted to offer this program to the public.

Everyone is invited, including both members and nonmembers, to come out for an informative evening of speakers and a complimentary beef brisket dinner prepared by TLC Catering. Here you will have the opportunity to discuss ways in which MRLA can be a voice for the farmers and ranchers of Toole, Pondera, Glacier, and Liberty Counties. We look forward to seeing everyone there!

Grazing and cover crops tours

CONTINUED FROM FRONT PAGE

The Tuesday, June 20 Whirlwind No-Till Tour will begin at 9:00 a.m. on the Wine Glass Ranch at Imperial, Nebraska. Speakers will include: Logan Pribbeno; Drew Olson, Steve Tucker and Candy Thomas. Tours and presentations will focus on “Diversifying Row Crops with Animal Impact”; sharing “How a farmer can partner with a ‘Cow-Guy’ Rancher”; and “Diversifying Crop Rotations and Grazing.” After lunch, soil health field tours will follow.

The Baltics

The three westernmost former Soviet republics Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. These eastern European nations are bordered by the Baltic Sea, and other than geographic proximity they have little in common. Latvians, and Lithuanians speak related languages, but Estonians use a language similar to Finnish.

National Stockmanship and Stewardship events

coming to Nebraska

Nebraska cattle producers have the opportunity to attend one of two, full-day Stockmanship & Stewardship events this June. Both events will offer the opportunity for individuals whose primary language is Spanish to participate in sessions as well.

“We are excited to be able to offer many of the sessions presented at these two events in both English and Spanish” said Jesse Fulton, Livestock Systems Educator & Director of Nebraska Beef Quality Assurance. “We know it is important for those whose primary language is Spanish that work on cattle operations daily to have industry relevant education available to them as well.”

Stockmanship and Stewardship is offered through a partnership between the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, the Beef Checkoff, Beef Quality Assurance (BQA), and Merck Animal Health. The two Nebraska locations are in Norfolk on Tuesday, June 13, at the Lifelong Learning Center and Ag Complex and McCook on Thursday, June 15, at the Red Willow Fairgrounds.

Additionally, registered producers can also attend a grazing workshop on June 14th in Norfolk at the Lifelong Learning Center where speakers will cover grazing management to promote soil health, settling cattle on pasture, and virtual fencing.

During the 13th and 15th events, attendees will enjoy a Certified Angus Beef ® strip steak lunch courtesy of Cargill Animal Protein and Certified Angus Beef. During lunch, Certified Angus Beef (CAB) will share how they are using BQA certifications to share every cattleman’s commitment to raising healthy, nutritious, and high-quality beef with consumers and the brand’s licensed partners. BQA is a national program that offers educational programming on proper management techniques, with a commitment to quality through every segment of the beef industry.

“Certified Angus Beef cares about animal welfare because its partners care about animal welfare,” says Bruce Cobb,

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Q. What did the pop star do when he locked himself out?

A. He sang until he found the right key!

Embryo transfer and in vitro fertilization can fit into cattle production

By Lisa Moser, K-State Research and Extension news service

When couples have challenges conceiving, it can often lead to conversations with the doctor about in vitro fertilization, or connecting with a surrogate to help grow their family. Those same technologies can also enable beef producers to maximize the genetic potential of their herd, say the experts at the Kansas State University Beef Cattle Institute.

Speaking on a recent Cattle Chat podcast, the team joined with Clay Breiner, veterinarian and reproductive specialist with Cross Country Genetics, Westmoreland, Kansas.

“Over the past decade, in vitro embryo production has really improved its success rate and increased its use in the beef industry,” Breiner said.

To help producers understand how embryo transfer and in vitro fertilization work in beef cattle veterinarian Brian Lubbers explained: “With embryo transfer, we give the cows a hormone so they will ovulate more than one egg and then breed the cows so that eggs are fertilized within the animal before being collected. With in vitro fertilization, we collect the eggs and then fertilize them in a lab outside of the donor animal.”

Breiner said that with IVF the eggs can be collected from the females at a younger age and then those heifers can be bred to have natural calves at the same time as the rest of the herd. He estimates that donor females in this scenario can have 10-20 offspring born a year to recipient cows instead of just one.

“With IVF and ET we are taking the genetics from a superior cow and matching it with a quality bull,” Lubbers said.

The experts said that in many cases purebred producers will partner with commercial cow-calf operators in placing the embryors into recipient cows. Breiner said that the purebred producer then will buy back the calves at a premium because they have a greater genetic value than market price.

Another benefit for commercial producers is the availability of higher-quality genetics to select from for their herds.

“With more good genetics available, there are more options for commercial producers to improve their herds as well,” said K-State veterinarian Brad White.

As producers consider whether or not to adopt these technologies, Breiner said it really comes down to cost/benefit decision.

“Whether you are talking artificial insemination or these other systems, producers have to look at the success rates of each of these methods and then decide what they need to do to maximize those rates for whichever system they choose,” he said.

The experts agreed that regardless of which system is incorporated into the herd, nutrition and overall animal well-being are important factors in the success rate.

“Reproductive success doesn’t happen without managing the herd health, nutrition and environment as well,” White said.

Invasive Woody Tree Management 2023 grant opportunity

The Montana Department of Agriculture (MDA) is currently seeking applications for the AGR HB821 Invasive Woody Tree Management 2023 Grant. Applications are due by Sunday, July 2, 2023.

During the 68th Legislative Session, HB821 passed which appropriated $250,000 from the general fund to the Montana Department of Agriculture for one time only funding for invasive woody tree management in Yellowstone, Musselshell, and Stillwater Counties.

Eligible Applicants:

MDA shall provide grants to the appropriate local entities for the purpose of managing and controlling existing infestations of saltcedar, Russian olive, and common buckthorn within the three counties. Applicants must work with and apply through an organization, such as a weed district, conservation district, extension office, non-profit, or tribal weed district to be eligible.

Please contact Jasmine Chaffee at 406444-3140 for questions about eligibility.

To apply, please visit: funding.mt.gov/.

Montana 4-H Congress set for July

From the MSU News Service beat shows focused on human connection.

The 78th annual Montana 4-H Congress is set for July 9-14 on the Montana State University campus in Bozeman.

Montana 4-H expects more than 300 4-H youth, volunteers and MSU Extension faculty to be in attendance. This year’s theme is TV 4-H Network.

Montana 4-H Congress events, which are for youth ages 13-19, are designed to provide a safe and fun environment for competitive and social events, educational workshops, service-learning and more. Pre-Congress activities allow youth to learn by doing, build confidence and work together as they plan conference events. Meanwhile, competitive events – on topics ranging from livestock and quilting to public speaking and career communications – allow youth to work toward goals and learn from results.

The Montana 4-H Congress will also host keynote speaker Scotty Wiese, who will present “How to Magically Connect and Succeed in Life.” Wiese is a magician, speaker and author who is known for his up-

The 4-H Congress event positively impacts youth by inviting them to form relationships with peers from around Montana, with new ideas and the faculty who present those ideas, and with higher education and college life, according to Todd Kesner, director of Montana 4-H.

“At its core, the event is designed to bring people together,” he said.

Youth who are interested in attending the Montana 4-H Congress are invited to contact their local MSU Extension office. Deadlines vary by community.

#####

A man comes home from an appointment with his physician and looks upset. “What happened?” his concerned wife asked. “Did the doctor give you bad news?” “The worst news,” the despondent man said. “She told me I should give up golf.” His wife, now a bit relieved, asked, “Why, did she examine your back?” “No,” the husband replied, “She examined my scorecard.”

National Stockmanship and Stewardship events coming to Nebraska

CONTINUED FROM PAGE A3

CAB executive vice president of production. “We know producers do a great job caring for their livestock and BQA is a great way to verify that commitment with consumers.”

During the event, attendees will watch live lowstress cattle handling demonstrations and witness effective cattle handling on foot and horseback. Other sessions include a market outlook, grazing management, and cattle nutrition and herd health. Additionally, attendees will hear from CAB and their stakeholders about consumer concerns on sustainability, why it matters at the ranch and how BQA can help ease the conversation. Plus, attendees will have the opportunity to become BQA certified, or renew an expired certification at the end of the day!

“Producers have a great story to tell about the attention and care they put towards their beef animals as they bring them from pasture to plate, but sometimes they need help telling that story”, said Fulton “By becoming BQA certified or keeping up with their certification, producers can utilize the BQA program to help them tell their story to the everyday beef consumer. By attending one of the Nebraska Stockmanship and Stewardship events, producers can participate in a robust industry related education event and become BQA certified/recertified all at the same time!”

You can find out more, see a full agenda, and register for the event online at stockmanshipandstewardship.org/events/nebraska-2023. Pre-registration is required to ensure adequate food and space is arranged!

I used to be addicted to the hokey pokey, but then I turned myself around. ##### I submitted 10 puns to a joke-writing competition to see if any of them made the finals. Sadly, no pun in ten did.

#####

Why was Cinderella a bad football player? She had a pumpkin for a coach!

For Sale! Registered Irish Black Bulls

Sleeping Willow Ranch ~ Stevensville, Montana

Tim Hamilton at 406-360-4710 or email swrcattle@gmail.com

Wheat variety trial field tours across Nebraska

The University of Nebraska-Lincoln Crop Performance Testing program will sponsor wheat variety trial field tours in six locations across Nebraska, from Perkins to Banner County, starting June 12 - 15.

Victrola vintage hand crank record player

To bid please visit our website: www.daviesauction.com

DAVIES AUCTION SERVICE

JIM DAVIES - OWNER/AUCTIONEER

(406) 521-0148

daviesauction@gmail.com www.daviesauction.com

For those who are unable to attend scheduled in-person events, the plots will be labeled up to a week in advance of the scheduled tour, and the signs will remain until harvest. Growers and other stakeholders are also encouraged to engage via social media with the wheat team via @UNLVarietyTest and @HuskerWheat on Twitter ahead of the events.

Dates, times, locations and directions for the field days:

JUNE 12 - Deuel County: Larry Flohr, 4 p.m. MDT. Directions: From Chappell, head west on Hwy 30, turn north on Road 189. The field is on the west side of road about .75 miles north of Road 24 (about 5.75 miles north of Hwy 30). GPS: 41.17432, -102.247141

JUNE 13 - Perkins County: Stumpf Int’l Wheat Research Center, 10 a.m. MDT: Variety tours of dryland and irrigated wheat varieties and research update. A complimentary lunch at noon with research updates from UNL specialists and educators who are conducting research at the Center. Meet at Stumpf Building/Perkins County Extension. Register at extension.unl.edu/statewide/westcentral/unl-wheat-tour-atstumpf-farm-registration/. GPS: 40.849318, -101.705806 (Extension Building)

JUNE 13 - Red Willow County: Peters Seed Farms, 5 p.m. CDT: From Culbertson, head south on Hwy 17 and turn east on Road 713 for approximately 3 miles before turning north on Road 378. The plot area is approximately one mile north of Peter’s seed plant. The plot is north of the UNL Wheat Breeding Nursery, which is closest to the intersection of Road 714 and Road 378. GPS: 40.176476, -100.7605

JUNE 14 - Cheyenne County: UNL High Plains Ag Lab, 8:30 a.m. MDT: HPAL Field Day, featuring variety tours of winter wheat, spring wheat, and spring peas. Lunch to follow tours. Meet at HPAL shop, transportation to plots provided. Registration at 8:30 with donuts and coffee, tours begin at 9 a.m. sharp. GPS: 41.227922, -103.003894 (Shop)

JUNE 14 - Box Butte County: Cullan Farm Seed, 3:30 p.m. MDT. Tour of irrigated and dryland plots. Dinner to follow tours. Directions: Irrigated Plots: From Hemingford, head south on Hwy 2 and turn east on Franklin Road. Plots are on the east side of the pivot, as accessed from turning south off of Franklin Road onto Road 67. Pivot surrounds Cullan Farms Seed HQ. Dryland Plots: From Hemingford, head south on Hwy 2, then west on Hall Rd. Turn south on Road 67. Plot area is about a half mile south and on the west side of the road. Experiment, co-located with several other experiments as well as the UNL Wheat Breeding Nursery. GPS: 42.289789, -103.01454 (Irrigated); 42.246128, -103.014585 (Dryland)

JUNE 15 - Banner County: Jim Wyatt, 9 a.m. MDT: Farmer-led variety showcase and research Q&A. Refreshments will be offered before the tour. Directions: From Hwy 71, turn west on 4A. Field access is just over the big hill on 4A on the north side of the road, a little over 2 miles from Hwy 71 and about a mile east and north of Harrisburg. GPS: 41.568388, -103.716031

Destiny Hope Cyrus

Born in 1992–the year her father Billy Ray Cyrus achieved worldwide fame with the country song “Achy Breaky Heart”–the baby girl had such a sunny disposition that she was nicknamed “Smiley,” later shortened to Miley. To honor her dad, she legally changed her name to Miley Ray Cyrus.

LAST MINUTE CONSIGNMENTS

•Polaris Ranger XP900 •EFI Side-by-Side, cab, heater, new front tires, 3080 actual miles, like new (Rick 406-939-1632)

(2) 33.25 R 29 scraper tires (Duane 406-480-4156) Richland Park Playground equipment, teeter-totter, merry-goround, monkey bars, 20-ft. slide (Duane 406-480-4156)

•(4) 2022/2023 8-ft. Chevrolet pickup boxes, some white & some maroon (Allen 406-433-2729)

•(5) 2019/2020 8-ft. Chevrolet pickup boxes, some white & some maroon (Allen 406-433-2729)

•(4) Black front bumpers and (3) Black back bumpers (Allen 406-433-2729)

•1999 Dodge 2500 pickup, extended cab, V10, 4x4, 97,000 miles. (Larry (406) 478-5336

MAKE AN OFFER!!!

FLEXI-COIL 5000 FOR SALE

2320 cart, 57-feet, 12-in. spacing, single shoot, steel capped packers, Stealth 3/4” points. GOOD older drill. Fairchild Farms, (406) 390-0654

HERD DISPERSAL

100 Bred Angus Pairs For Sale

OUTSTANDING PUBLIC AUCTION

Saturday – June 17, 2023 @ 9:00 AM

LOCATED AT: 1840 E. Edgewood Drive, Whitefish MT. From Highway 2 at the Blue Moon, turn north onto Half Moon Road. Continue 4.4 miles to driveway on right.

2017 KUBOTA L4060 TRACTOR W/LOADER-LAND PRIDE ATTACHMENTS VEHICLES-TRAILERS-OFF ROAD TOYS

OUTFITTERS TENTS-OUTDOORS-SCAFFOLD

ART-MUSIC

10th annual youth Crop Scouting Competition

By Brandy VanDeWalle - Extension Educator, UNL

Looking for a fun club project? Want to unite your club members? Running out of ideas for club meetings? If you answered, “yes” to any of these questions, help is on the way. Nebraska Extension is pleased to present the 10th annual Crop Scouting Competition for Nebraska youth. Youth interested in crops can learn about crop growth and development and basic crop scouting principles.

Don’t know a lot about crops? Ask a local agronomist to assist by providing a short lesson on crop production. You can have the agronomist meet with youth a little during each meeting or outside of the meeting. This is one way to engage those youth interested in crops.

This contest will be on August. 2, 2023 at the Eastern Nebraska Research Extension and Education Center near Mead, Nebraska. The event will include both indoor and outdoor events. Teams of junior high and high school students (those completing fifth to 12th grades) from across Nebraska are invited to participate. This event is limited to the first 10 teams who sign up.

Clubs or other organizations may enter a team composed of three to five participants. An adult team leader must accompany each team of students. Team leaders could be FFA advisors, crop consultants, extension staff, coop employees, etc.

Top-scoring teams win prizes: $500 for first, $250 for second, $100 for third place. Top two teams will be eligible for regional competition held in Nebraska this year on September 18, 2023.

TRACTOR/EQUIPMENT:

2017 Kubota L4060 tractor w/LA805 loader, all season cab, 4x4, hydrostatic, 410 hours; Land Pride BB1272, 3pt box scraper; Land Pride RCR1272, 3pt rotary mower; Kubota L4455A 4-point sub frame; Kubota L4479 front mount snowblower; Land Pride LR1684, 3pt rock rake; Land Pride PFL2024 quickattach forks; Kubota 4B25 quick-attach stump digger; set of 4 tractor tire chains for 17.524 rear and 10-16.5 front; Honda H55928A hydro drive, track snowblower; Briggs and Stratton 5000 watt gas generator; Husqvarna HU725AWDEX self-propelled mower; etc! VEHICLES/TRAILERS: 1992 Morgan, 4.9 liter aluminum V8, 18,935 miles; 1955 Ford F-100, 460 V8, aftermarket frame, 9” rear, fully restored, ready to drive or show; 2012 GMC Sierra 1500 Denali, 6.2 Liter V8, 4x4, leather, 91,100 miles; 2016 Subaru Outback PZEV, AWD, Sunroof, 74,000 miles; 2003 Ford E-150 van w/Waldoch custom conversion, 5.4 liter, 119,600 miles; 2018 PJ, 7’x20’ equipment trailer; 2006 Charmac

8’x20’ V-front enclosed trailer, drive through ramp doors, Rumber floor; 2017 Targhee

6’x14’ tilt or side load ATV trailer; etc! OFF-ROAD: 2017 Artic Cat M8000 Limited, 162” track, ice scratchers, tunnel bag, 171 original miles; 2003 Yamaha TW 200, electric start, 3,785 miles; 2011 and 2007 Yamaha TT-R 125L dirt bikes; 1998 Yamaha Wolverine 350, 4x4; 1998 Yamaha Big Bear 350, 4x4; Yamaha TT-R 90 dirt bike; Vintage Honda Passport 70, shows 726 miles; (4) Camso 4S1 12” wide UTV tracks, (were on a Polaris Ranger 1000); (2) 27x9x12 and (2) 27x11x12 studded UTV tires on Polaris rims; etc!

TENTS/OUTDOORS: (4) Montana Canvas 10’x12’ wall tents w/frames and carry packs; new roll-a-cots; lanterns and camping items; (2) Rocky Mountain River float tubes; new Karma brand river tube; RMRK 1258C020 inflatable Kayak; (2) Xterra inflatable paddle boards; Old Town 12’ canoe; Capita and Burton snow boards; new aluminum snowshoes; Trek “Bontrager Race” bicycle; Mongoose X67 bicycle; and more!

PATIO/ART/MUSIC: assorted original oil paintings and prints; Dedon 5’x5’ glass top patio table; glass top pedestal oval patio table; vintage oriental side board; rush bottom chair; Marantz NR1403 Receiver, Denon Receiver; Lexicon, Roland, Kurzwell, and Yamaha music Processors; Velodyne subwoofer; Genz-Benz enclosures; etc! TOOLS/SCAFFOLD: (10+) sections of Metaltech painters/drywall scaffold on castors; (5) bakers racks; DeWalt Flex Volt cordless table saw; Lincoln Handy Core 110 volt wire feed welder; Craftsman rolling toolbox; Milwaukee 18 volt grease gun; Makita 4 ½” angle grinder, belt sander, and jigsaw; Rockwell router; cable come-a-long; ratcheting chain binders; extension cords; tow and lift straps; etc!

MISCELLANEOUS: packing blankets; DeLonghi “Penguino” free standing heater/ air conditioner; steel I beam; paving blocks; Ram Board underlayment; Eucalyptus flooring; Cedar platforms; construction supplies; chain link kennel; and much more!

AUCTIONEER’S NOTES: Wow! Superior quality merchandise up for public auction. Do not miss this one. Will be an exciting day. Bring your folding chairs. Online bidding available for select items at auction time/equipment facts, visit bobbyroshon.com for direct on-line bidding link, full ad, and photos. Live auction starts at 9:00 AM with select items only available to our on-site attendees. Preview Friday June 16th from 10 AM to 5 PM, or by appointment. Call Auctioneer.

Bobby Roshon: 406-249-4104

Teams will be expected to know the basics of scouting corn and soybean fields. This includes crop staging; looking for patterns of crop injury; disease, insect and weed seedling identification; etc. Other topics many include but are not limited to, pesticide safety, nutrient disorders, and herbicide injury.

More information about the crop scouting competition and instructions on how to register a team are available online on the CropWatch Youth Activities page.

Teams must be registered by Saturday, July 15. This program is sponsored by Nebraska Independent Crop Consultant Association, Ward Laboratories, the Nebraska Soybean Board and Nebraska Extension.

Controling poison hemlock

By Ben Beckman, UNL

Poison hemlock and its cousin, Water hemlock, are on the list of top ten poisonous Nebraska plants. A species that has really seemed to take over in wet or moist soils across the eastern portion of the state, hemlock can cause serious issues if ingested, by either livestock or humans.

A biannual, hemlock spends its first year as a rosette with fern-like leaves. A smooth, purple spotted reproductive stalk that can reach heights of 10 feet, topped with small white flowers, emerges in year 2. Smell is another distinguishing characteristic, with hemlock having a smell best described as heavy or musty.

Hemlock plants produce alkaloid toxins in all parts of the plant. These chemicals are extremely potent. As little as 5 lbs. of consumed foliage can be a lethal dose for cattle. The hollow stem on mature plants may seem like an attractive straw or pea shooter for small children, with detrimental consequences.

Luckily from an animal perspective, hemlock is not an attractive grazing option. In a pasture with plenty of other grazing options, animals will typically leave hemlock alone. However, when forage options are limited, even unpalatable plants may become an option for hungry animals.

The good news is that hemlock can be controlled with mowing or herbicide applications. Regular mowing to prevent flower stalks from forming and producing seed can be an effective mechanical control technique, but need to occur regularly and will take several years to achieve control. In the spring, a 2,4-D + dicamba mix can effectively treat and control hemlock.

For both mowing and herbicide treatment, do not try to control hemlock during the grazing season! Let me repeat that again… Do not try to control hemlock during the grazing season! Following treatment, make sure livestock stay out of the treated area as the poisonous alkaloids can still be present in dead leaf tissue. Additionally, mowing and herbicide alter the plant increasing its palatability, even in dead and dying plant tissues.

DAVE & SHERRI HEPPNER Farm auction

SATURDAY, JUNE 17TH, 2023

Rogator 854 self-propelled sprayer, 5.9 Cummins, Hydro, 1,000 gal stainless steel tank, 80 Ft booms, triple nozzles, EZ Steer Raven SC5661 monitor, 380/90R-46 tires, front tires are cracked, Hyd spread axles, new batteries, Serial # 850 44 52 302

• 1,000 gal galvanized water tank

• 1,550 gal black poly tank full of 28-0-0 liquid fertilizer

• Allen 12 Ft Power Screed, 4-stroke Honda GX 35

• Allen 5 Ft Power Screed, 4-stroke Honda GX 31

• Cement Hand Trowels

• Bull Floats

• Fresno handles

• Edge Trowels

• Cement Broom

• National BD MP Company electric 220 amp air compressor

• Makita 10 inch chop saw

• Poly Wheel barrow

• Metal Wheel Barrow

• 2- Knack job boxes

• 11 - 4 in x 10 in metal cement forms

• 8 Ft long electric concrete vibrator

• Sonic Tube 12 in diameter 8ft long

• 4 gallons of form oil

• 3.5 gallon hand pump cure oil

• Large assortment of screed stands

Summers Ultimate NT 90 Ft suspended boom Sprayer,

June 17, 2023

• Onan 80 generator 5.9

Cummins single phase 53

KW, 3 phase, 80kw, 1,610

Hr. remote start capabilities, new batteries

• Generac PTO trailer mounted generator 30 KW

• Degelman 14 Ft dozer, has mounts for a 895 Versatile

• 2 - 625 Gal white poly tanks

• Danuser 3 Pt post pounder

• 3 Pt older post hole auger

• Metal iron racks

• Stihl TS 780 concrete demo saw, has upright walk behind controls

• Large assortment of concrete form stakes

• Large assortment of rebar ties

• 34 wall anchors

• 100 snap ties

• Large assortment of Simmons flat ties

• 8 inch wall ties and G washers

• 5 gallon bucket full of gate dogs

• Gold Blatt 36 in power trowel, Briggs 7 Hp gas engine,4 brand new blades

• Bobcat plate compactor, Honda 5.5hp engine

• P3500 Powers fastener steel stud gun, 22 cal, nails & shot

• Rotozip sheetrock cutter

• SDS Bosch hammer drill

• Senco DS202 14v-volt, automatic sheetrock gun,1 bucket of screws

• Makita corded Sawzall

• Bostitch air roofing cap stapler

• Sheet rock foot jacks

• Metabo 56 hammer drill includes

SDX Big bits ½, ¾, 1 1/8

• Craftsman corded hand router

• Makita corded sheet rock gun

• DeWalt, 18 volt, 4 ¼ circular saw

• DeWalt, 18-volt Sawzall

• Makita 12-volt hand drill

• Makita 12-volt impact driver

• 5 bundles of 5 ½ ft steel T posts

• Roll around sheet rock jack

• 18- 2x4x3/4 plywood wood forms

• 20- 2x8 form boards, 12ft long

• 10- 2x10 form boards, assorted lengths

• 6 - 10ft long 4 inches wide keyway form

• 150 ground slip tank, 12 volt Gas boy pump

• Ryobi 10 inch table saw

• Bostitch roofing nailer

• Soffit cutter

SEEDING & TILLAGE

1820 53 Ft air seeder, 10 in spacing, steel packers, single shoot, Primary Blockage monitor, shows 30,480 acres, Serial #A01820X695159 (Great Shape)

• Ford model 230 disk, 22 Ft, 18 inch disks, 3 Ft hand fold wings

• Gysler 45 Ft Chisel Plow, dead rod, no wing lift, good 16 inch shovels

• 2- IH 150 drills, 12 Ft, 14 in spacing steel packers 2 unit hitch

• Jeoffroy 15 Ft Chisel Plow

• Model 57 Rock-O-Matic rock picker, 3 batt reel, PTO drive

• 2000 70 Ft Rite-Way Jumbo 8000B heavy harrow 9/16 teeth 27 inch long teeth, Hyd tine angle, ground drive Valmar applicator needs new hoses

straw chopper & spreader, Serial # JJC0119785 has been overhauled, sells with a SP30 Honey Bee 30 Ft draper header transport kit, with a U 2 aluminum pickup reel,, Serial # 43095448

• 10x60 Westfield, Mechanical swing out auger, has a new gear box

• 4 - Aeration fans, 2 - 220, 2110 volt

• 30 Ft Cheney aluminum pickup reel

Ficklin CA14000 650-bushel grain cart, 30.5 32 tires, 1,000 RPM PTO drive, corner unload auger

• International 1010 30 Ft rigid header, 5 batt reel in poor shape, auger cross shaft is broke, for parts

• Rem 1026 grain Vac, 1,000 PTO Drive Serial #RM-931026-1252,

• 10x60 Farm King PTO Mechanical drive swing out auger

• 2- Farm King tail gate drill fill augers

TRUCKS & PICKUP

1986 C-70 tandem axle truck, 427 engine,13 speed, 22 Ft box & hoist, roll tarp, air brakes, 12,000 # front axle, 10.00-20 tires, Precision Diesel worked on the Transmission & new clutch, need front grill, 172,326 miles.

1938 Ford 85 pickup, body is pretty good, one windshield is gone, driver’s door glass is broken, steering column is removed, the flat head engine is torn down and the Trans removed, sells with a complete flat head V-8 and all parts

1971 International 1600 Load Star, 345 engine, 4 & 2 speed, 16 FT box & hoist, 40,859 miles, “nice body”

• 1948 GMC 300 Truck for parts

• Work benches

• Cabinets

• 4 - PVC white picket fence sections, 6 PVC posts

• 3 - Steel truck stock racks

• Truck hoist & PTO pump

• Homemade fuel tank stand & 300 Gal tank

• 10 Metal fire wood boxes

• Galvanized “Pratt & England Big Sandy” MT oil barrel

• 5 sections of drag harrows

• 2 - 750 Polaris Jet ski’s 1 has a good motor and is for parts

& Trailer 1 has a good body and bad motor sold together

• Assortment of Galvanized

C-Channel

• Assortment of Gaterman crop lifters

• Assorted Bridge Timbers

• IH sickle mower 7 Ft sickle

• Buck rake

• John Deere Hay wagon

• 125 gal propane tank

• John Deere side delivery hay rake

• 300 Gal Spray Tank fire unit,

3.5 Hp Briggs 2 inch water pump

• Pre-Mix cones

• Briggs 2 in pump

• Brandt 7x35, 5hp electric, with wheat heart hydraulic drive Bin Sweep

• Electric Cement Mixer

• Gladiator Storage Box

• 50 - 1X8 by 14 Ft rough cut

• 9 - 2X6 by 16 Ft rough cut

• Tow cable with loops

• Commercial 4 burner 36 in griddle top, stove/ 2 oven

1974 C-60 Chevy tandem tag axle truck, 366 engine, 4 & 2 speed, recovered seat, Hyd drill fill, 16 Ft box & hoist, 9.00-20 tires, 51,000 miles

• 2005 Ford Free Style 4 door SUV, 4X4, 3.0L, cloth, Auto Trans, 208,991 miles all passenger side windows are broke out, includes both door glass

2002 IH Turbo Easy Rider 4000 fertilizer truck, 15 M Cummins, 4 speed Auto Trans with manual mode, shows 53,029 miles, 4,891 Hr. 48 X 31.00-20 front tires, 66 X 43.0025 rear tires, Raven integrated auto steer, Raven Viper PRO auto rate controller, 55 Gal foam marker, 8 Ton Air Max box, 74 Ft booms, Electric roll tarp

Steffen 5510 bale fork and A frame. Good condition. Hoses and cylinder good.

No leaks.............................................. $3550

Phone (208) 879-2939, Challis, Idaho

FIELD SERVICE UNIT FOR SALE

(406) 783-7499 Scobey, MT

1974 Chevrolet Custom Deluxe 30, 2WD, dually, 4 speed transmission, 454 CID engine, new Diehard battery, recent tune up, just serviced. Body and bumper are straight, cab interior good, paint has faded spots, grill guard and tow hitch, 6 like new Yokohama Geolander LT235/85R16 tires, 12-ft. Iowa Mold Tooling Co. service body (heavy duty), 2 on-board fuel tanks - 120 gallon and 500 gallon, PTO pump connected to both fuel tanks, Delta tool box mounted top front of service body, electric crane with extending arm, 68,115 original miles.......Only $6000 obo

AlFAlFA

* Big Sky Ladak - improved dryland variety

* Milk River Blend - economical irrigated blend

• Rugged - productivity, versatility, longevity

* WL 336 - Roundup Ready

coveR cRop blends

* Wide variety of species

* Custom blends to fit your needs

* Onsite blender

coRn

* Silage Corn * Grain Corn

* BMR Grazing Corn

AnnuAls

* German Millet

* Pearl Millet

* Sorghum Sudangrass

gRAsses

* Irrigated or dryland forage mixes

* Custom revegetation mixes

(406) 399-1113 -

Chinook, MT

Ways to optimally balance the rations for the cowherd

By Lisa Moser, K-State Research and Extension news service

To stay financially solvent, many people follow a monthly budget. One component of that is a weekly meal plan to make sure their nutritional needs are being met.

In much the same way, beef producers also need to balance the rations for the cowherd to make sure the nutritional needs are addressed while keeping the financial records sound, say the experts at the Kansas State University Beef Cattle Institute.

Speaking on a recent Cattle Chat podcast, agricultural economist Dustin Pendell used the example of crops and fertilizer when explaining the law of diminishing returns.

“When thinking about crops, adding fertilizer can increase yields but there is a point where adding more fertilizer can actually do harm, and that is an example of how diminishing returns can happen in agriculture,” Pendell said.

Veterinarian Brad White took that analogy further, adding: “If the cow is efficiently using the feedstuffs, that is a good return on my investment, but if she gets overweight that is a sign of a diminishing return on what I’m feeding.”

In that scenario, producers need to look at the entire herd to decide how to best manage the feed, said nutritionist Phillip Lancaster.

“If I’m trying to move my heifers from an 85% pregnancy rate to a 90% rate, I have to increase the feed for the whole herd, but if I only get a 2% increase in the pregnancy rate from the increased feed, the cost of that management strategy may not make sense financially,” Lancaster said.

He also said with vitamins and minerals, cows can be in one of three states – deficient, adequate and overfed.

“The law of diminishing returns says I’m going to get a big boost in performance if my cattle are moved from deficient to adequate nutrient levels, but if I go too far there will be a decrease in performance,” Lancaster said.

To know what the right balance is, Lancaster recommends producers research the nutrient requirements for the cows and estimate their consumption of feed, supplements and forage. With that information, producers can consult with a nutritionist or veterinarian to formulate a plan.

Vaccinations, ear tags key to maintaining herd health

Kansas State University veterinarian Gregg Hanzlicek is urging beef cattle producers to review their herd’s vaccination and parasite control program as summer approaches.

He said vaccinations should be given to protect the cows against all the major reproductive infectious diseases before breeding season, including IBR (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis), BVD (bovine viral diarrhea), leptospirosis and campylobacter.

According to Hanzlicek, those vaccinations should be given 45-60 days before the bulls will be released with the cows. “This allows enough time for the cows to respond to the vaccine and enough time for the cow to recover from any minor negative vaccine effects,” he said.

“Use the same vaccine (and) the same vaccine schedule for the bulls. Bulls are too often forgotten in vaccination programs.”

In addition, Hanzlicek recommends insecticidal ear tags to control for flies this summer, saying “tags still provide the best protection against heavy fly infestations.”

Hanzlicek urges producers to tag cows and bulls. “Two tags per animal are more effective than one,” he said.

It might also be necessary to tag the calves in times when fly populations are very large, but producers should start with the cows.

WE HAVE BUYERS LOOKING FOR YOUR AG & CONSTRUCTION EQUPT. & VEHICLES!

Hanzlicek said producers should rotate the fly tag’s chemistry to decrease the fly’s ability to build resistance to the insecticide.

“If we continue to use products that have the same chemistry/insecticide, we breed for resistance,” he said. “Either a 2 or 3 year rotation is ideal, depending on the insecticides used.”

He adds: “It is also important to remember to remove the insecticide ear tags at the end of pasture season and dispose of them properly. Not doing this will build up insecticide resistance in the fly populations, and through time fly programs will become less and less effective.”

BALE FORK FOR SALE

Montana made... A M Rod Weeder

Choose the 1” or 11/4” round, self-turning rod.

• Fits all cultivators • Easy to pull, saves fuel • No drive required.

• We build special applications for air drive • U-joint adapter for rocky conditions

• Optional rod weeder transport bracket mounts on cultivator frame. Remove one pin and you can set the rod in the transport bracket. When rod is needed you can install in about 5 minutes.

Dealers for the A M Rodweeder, Quick Attach Brackets and Transport Brackets.

MONTANA DEALERS

Ben Taylor Farm Store Valier, 279-3365

Big Equipment. Havre, 265-9432

Taylor’s True Value Farm Store. Shelby, 1-888-220-5547

Tiber Tractor, Chester Chester, 759-5188 Torgerson, LLC. Lewistown, 1-800-677-8795

WASHINGTON DEALERS Ag Engineering. Kennewick, WA (509) 582-8900

A M Rod Weeders made by American Manufacturing

Montana toll-free 1-800-345-2083 or 406-379-2676, Hogeland, MT We can be reached anytime. Call Frank at 406-390-2128

Les & Carol Metzger Estate

auction

Saturday, July 8, 2023 - 9:00 am

LOCATION: From Glendive, MT

Take Hwy 200 towards Circle for 3 miles.

8.73 ACRES 2207 square foot home, 3 bedrooms, 2 full baths, central air with full basement and attached 40x59 3-car garage. 8x10 storage shed. Tractors, vehicles, ATV, trailers and bikes. Guns, shop, lumber and miscellaneoous. Lawn, garden and patio. Meat locker equipment. 10,000# A-Symmetrical floor lift. Antiques. Many items too numerous to mention.

Auctioneers Note:

Les and Carol were an integral part of the Glendive community investing much of their time volunteering in many functions. The 2007 house is in excellent condition and located 5 minutes from Glendive. It is a rare opportunity to find this new of a home, buildings, and acreace close to town. This will be an all-day auction so come at 9:00 am sharp to take in all that this sale has to offer. There is something for everyone and we hope to see you on Saturday, July 8th! Rick

Please go to: www.r-kauction.com for full listing

By Lisa Moser, K-State Research and Extension news service

As native grasses turn green in May, many Kansas beef producers will often transition the cow-calf herd to grazing pastures for the summer months. Ahead of the pasture turnout, experts at Kansas State Universities Beef Cattle Institute share steps for beef producers to take to make this season go well for all.

Speaking on a recent Cattle Chat podcast, agricultural economist Dustin Pendell, and veterinarians Brian Lubbers, Bob Larson and Brad White provided their respective top tips for producers.

Pendell: “Review the lease agreement to make sure you understand which expenses are yours versus the landowners. And if adjustments need to be made, now is a good time to have a conversation with the landowner.”

Lubbers: “Walk the pasture and check the fences to make sure they are in good condition. Good fences not only keep the animals in, but it keeps them safe from a potential injury.”

Larson: “When you are walking the pastures, also check the water source. Make sure there is adequate water available and that it is easily accessible. If ponds are very low, it may mean creating a path to the water source by spreading gravel or fencing cattle out of areas where they may get bogged down.”

White: “Anticipate how you might handle the cattle in the case where you have to treat a sick animal in the pasture. That may mean portable panels to help guide the cattle to a trailer for treatment.”

Along with White’s point about having a plan to handle the calves, Lubbers added that producers need to think through how they would manage the treatment of one to two cases versus a whole herd outbreak.

They also stressed the importance of having people who understand the natural movement of cattle be the ones involved in their care.

Also, when driving in pastures, it is important to get out of the vehicle and let the cattle see the person walking on foot so they can become familiar with having people around them.

Selecting summer annual forages

By Jerry Volesky, UNL

It is close to the ideal time to plant a summer annual grass, maybe to replenish your hay supply or have some extra grazing. Which one will you plant?

Choosing a summer forage can be confusing because there are about seven different types of major summer annual forage grasses. These include: sudangrass, sorghum-sudan hybrids, forage sorghum (which we often call cane or sorgo), foxtail millet, pearl millet, Japanese millet, and teff. Each one has its own strengths and weaknesses. So, base your choice primarily on how you plan to use it.

For example, do you want pasture? Then use sudangrass or pearl millet. Both are leafy, they regrow rapidly, and they contain less danger from prussic acid poisoning than other annual grasses.

What if you want hay or green chop? Then select sorghum-sudan hybrids or pearl millet because they yield well and they have good feed value when cut two or three times. On sandy soils, or when conditions are dry, foxtail millet may be a better choice for summer hay. It dries fast, doesn’t regrow after cutting, and handles dry soils well. Cane hay is grown in many areas and produces high tonnage, but it’s lower in feed value and dries more slowly after cutting than the hybrids or millets. Japanese millet can either be cut for hay or grazed and is a plant that can tolerate heavy, wet soils. Choose teff if you are looking for a really soft, leafy, high quality horse hay.

Maybe you plan to chop silage. Then choose the forage sorghums, especially hybrids with high grain production. They can’t be beat for tonnage or for feed value.

While there are several choices of summer annual forages, simply select the one that is best adapted to the way you plan to use it. And, of course, hope for rain since even these grasses won’t grow without some moisture. #####

Son: “Dad, there is someone at the door to collect donations for a community swimming pool.”

Father: “Okay, give him a glass of water.”

August 5th, 2023 @ 10am 509 Highway 87 N in Roundup

Casey & Amanda Weaver 406-544-8696 weaverauctions24@gmail.com www.weaverauctions24.com

Commission Rates (sliding

scale per item):

RL JOHNSON INC FARM RETIREMENT

Tuesday, June 27, 2023

Register at 9:00 am • Sale at 10:00 am

• Simulcast on equipmentfacts.com at 10:00am MST

470 Michaels Rd, Cut Bank MT

Hwy 213 N 9 miles, Hwy 214 N 6 miles, turn E Tipville Rd 2 miles, turn N Michaels Rd 1/2 mile. Contact seller: Tom 406-799-0471

SEEDING AND LAND PREP

CASE 700 airseeder, 70’, fold back, single chute, 12” spacing, 1’ stealth openers, rubber titan packers, CASE ADX 3430 tow-between cart, 186102-142 split, dual fan, 10’ auger, 3 fine rollers, needs monitor (used one in tractor)

CASE ATX airseeder, 60’, 5-section wing-up, single chute, 12” spacing, rubber packers, CASE ADX 3430 towbehind cart, 186-102-142 split, dual fan, 10’ auger, 3 fine meter rollers, monitor

MERIDIAN 600RT SEED EXPRESS tender trailer, HONDA GX30, 50-30-20 split, unknown bushel, remote hydraulic gates, single belt, bad roll tarp, army trailer frame

CONVEY-ALL tender trailer, 60-40 split, unknown bushel, single hydraulic belt, lid, king pin with extra hitch

MANDAKO L6050 roller, 60’, 3 section, less than 800 acres

GRAIN HANDLING

SHOP BUILT grain cart, approx 1000 bushel, hydraulic swing 13” auger, hydraulic, bad roll tarp

FARM KING grain cleaner, hydraulic, volume control, poly center auger

KWIK KLEEN grain cleaner, hydraulic

MC975 grain dryer, 2-25Hp 3-phase fan motors

CARTER 453 grain sizer, 220, new screens

Bat reel , 30’, straight center, bent bats

2018 WALINGA 7614 grain vac, 6” tubes, 1000PTO, good for pulses

BRANDT 7500 grain vac, 8” tubes, rebuilt PTO box/fan/auger

NEUERO grain vac, for parts, PTO missing

BRANDT 1370-XL+ auger, 13x70, lowprofile swing-out, 540 PTO, electric jogger and winch, reverser, almost new 2011 BRANDT 1070 auger, 10x70, lowprofile swing-out, 540 PTO

BUHLER auger, 10x70, low-profile swing-out, 540 PTO, reverser

SHOP BUILT auger, 10x43, hydraulic drive, FARM KING tube, poly flighting, hydraulic mover, big wheels

FARMKING auger, 10x60, swing-out, 540 PTO

TRACTORS

2013 CASE 600 tractor, quad-trac, 6 remotes, 540/1000PTO, 4200 hrs

2010 CASE 535HD STEIGER tractor, 4 remotes, dual duals, 4470 hrs

1980 STEIGER PT350 PANTHER tractor, 855 CUMMINS, 2R/5S, articulating, 5 remotes, auxiliary hydraulics, dual duals, 8749 frame hrs/4250 eng hrs

CASE TRACTION KING 1470 tractor, Mdl 504 engine, 8F/4R, 2 remotes, 1000PTO, weak clutch, 11’ blade, hydraulic lift, manual angle

VERSITILE 9030 tractor, 3R/hydrostat, bidirectional, FORD 7414 loader, 8’ bucket/grapple, 2F/3R remotes, 540/1000PTO, 3pt

VERSITILE 256 tractor, repowered to 276 HP, 3R/hydrostat, VERSITILE loader, 8’ bucket, 540PTO, missing door window

NEW HOLLAND L775 skid steer, gas, 318 hrs

1998 INTERNATIONAL EAGLE 9300 semi, 550 CUMMINS 455B Redtop, 18 speed, ProSleeper, 142168 mi

1992 INTERNATIONAL semi, 3406B CAT, 400Hp, 13 speed, wet kit, hydraulic winch, day cab

1987 KENWORTH T600 semi, 855 CUMMINS, 10 speed, 8,000 on overhaul, new clutch, 50000 GVW

1985 PETERBILT semi, 550 CUMMINS 401C Jacobs, 13 speed, 50000 GVW, sleeper, 793297 mi

1971 PETERBILT semi, 855 CUMMINS, 400Hp, 13 speed, cab-over, air assist steering, spring ride, wet kit

1972 PETERBILT semi, 855 CUMMINS, 400Hp, 13 speed, cab-over, spring ride, wet kit

1967 INTERNATIONAL TRANSTAR II semi, 250 CUMMINS, 13 speed, winch, gen poles, single axle duals, 3218.89 mi

1975 INTERNATIONAL TRANSTAR II, tandem truck, 250 CUMMINS, 10 speed/4 speed bogie, cab-over, 20’ box, steel floor, hoist, bad roll tarp, sleeper, duals, 191,634 mi

1973 CHEVROLET C60 single-axle truck, 4 speed Hi/Lo, 16’ box, steel floor, hoist, worn manual tarp, 63,898 mi

1974 GMC 6000 single-axle truck, V8, bad hoist

1984 CHEVROLET SIERRA 3500 service pickup, 1T, 4 speed, flat bed, 2 connected slip tanks, 2WD, 96,463.40 mi Service trailer, 5th wheel, 500 gallon fuel tank, air powered fuel pump, DEF tank, air tank, 6 double door tool boxes

K-LINE AGRICULTURE POWERFLEX speed tiller, 40’

FRIGGSTAD plow, 60’, double hydraulic wing-up

FLEXICOIL 600 plow, 40’, hydraulic wing-up

Harrows

ANDERSON rod-weeder, 40’, hydraulic drive live rod

FARMKING 741 auger, 7x41, 220 5Hp motor, treat box

FARMKING 736 auger, 7x36, motor driven (no motor)

MAYRATH auger, 8x54, hydraulic

WESTFIELD jumper auger, low-pro, hydraulic

WHEATHEART jumper auger, hydraulic

COMBINES AND HEADERS

ELMERS pick-up attachment, 22’, for parts

SUND UNIVERSAL pick-up header, 30’, with SUND pick-up attachment,

CASE 2388 adaptor

ELMERS pick-up header, 22’, with SUND pick-up attachment, CASE 2388 adaptor

LIVESTOCK, HAY AND MISC

SHOP BUILT pig trailer, 13.5’, hydraulic drop, 2’ door, pin hitch

Stockrack , 16’, for a flatbed trailer, 2’x6’ sliding door

Stockrack, 15’, to slip in truck box, 2’ lift door

MACDON 960 swather header, 30’, draper, bat reel, bidirectional adaptor, slow speed transport

VERSITILE 4030 swather header, 30’, draper, bidirectional adaptor, 1 new canvas

NEW HOLLAND 1116H hay header, 16’, bidirectional adaptor, hydraulic drive, rubber on rubber crimper, missing idler pully bolt

NEW HOLLAND 1116 hay header, for parts

2012 DODGE RAM 3500 pickup, Turbo diesel CUMMINS, automatic, deleted exhaust sensors, new turbo/injectors, 4 door, 8’ box, B & W turn-over ball, 4WD, 198,599 mi

1961 CHEVROLET 60 VIKING HOWE fire truck, 4 speed, 09304 mi

2014 TIMPTE grain trailer, 50’, electric tarp, hydraulic trap, triple axle with lift

2013 CASE 8230 combine, automatic tank extensions, folding auger, 2962 eng hrs/2141 sep hrs

2004 CASE 2388 combine, 4675 eng hrs/3471 sep hrs

2005 CASE 2388 combine, 4687 eng hrs/3533 sep hrs

2012 CASE TERRAFLEX 3020 header, 35’, flex, fits CASE Flagship, has CASE 2388 hydraulic adaptor

2013 MACDON FD75D header, 40’, flex draper, finger reel, slow speed transport, CASE flagship adaptor

2-CASE IH 2142 header, 35’, draper, rigid, finger reel, slow-speed transport, CASE 2388 adaptor

CASE 1020 header, 30’, finger reel, CRARY center air reel

CASE 1015 pick-up header, 13’

SHOP BUILT header trailer, 30’

AUCTIONEERS NOTE: Welcome to the RL Johnson Inc Sale. Tom has sold the farm and now offers a full line of farm equipment for you to bid on. This sale will be live onsite and online. To prevent online bidding delay, register and agree to terms at least two days prior. You can preview onsite June 23 & 26 and you can see loadout dates online. Every item sells as is without reserve. Miles/hours listed are numbers from odometer and should be used as a reference only.

See you June 27th~The Fritz’s

EZEE-ON 2400 post pounder, hydraulic with 540 PTO adaptor, pull -type, 8-way adjustment, post crate

WABCO 666 road grader, Detroit, 12’ blade, tilt, angle, leaning wheel

EVERSMAN 600 scraper, 3 yards, hydraulic

FARMHAND rock fork, fits bi-directional

SHOP BUILT rock picker, hydraulic dump, missing cylinders

60+ concrete curbs, 8’8” long, taper 5” to 3” wide

FAI frac tank, 16,000 gallon, used for liquid fertilizer, 3” plumbing, skids

Fuel tank, 6500 gallon, vertical, held dyed, with 110 meter station

Fuel tank, 8000 gallon, horizontal, held dyed, skids

4-fuel tanks, 1000 gallon, may have small leaks, stand

Fritz auction

1996 WILSON PACESETTER grain trailer, 46’, low-profile, electric tarp, triple axle, pintle hitch, cosmetic damage to back

1979 MARQUE grain trailer, 40’, steel, electric tarp, hand-pull traps

Spray station trailer, 48’, 2-2400 gallon coffin tanks (cracks in very top seams), ACE ROBO mixing cone, 2” plumbing, POWERPRO 13 water pump, electric start/gas, king pin, tandem duals

1987 POLAR water tanker, 7000 gallon aluminum tank, 3” plumbing, added 7’ platform and third axle

FRUEHAUF flatbed trailer, 30’, wood decking, needs new planks, single axle duals

SHOP BUILT grain truck-box trailer, hydraulic hoist, pin hitch

Prongua Ranch Sale

Garcon Gulch Rd., Hot Springs, MT

NOTE: 9:00 AM START TIME!! We will start selling equipment first thing in the morning and sell smaller items after Live/Online portion of auction.

TRACTORS / EQUIPMENT

2012 New Holland T7.235 Tractor with 865TL Loader QA, 8’ Bucket with Grapple, Reads 4311 Hrs, 3 Remotes, SN#001054419.

2021 New Holland Speed Rower 260, 16’ with Durabine 416 Head, Auger Fed Condition, 201 Hrs, HAJSR260CMG879569.

2020 New Holland Roll-Belt 560 Specialty Crop Plus, Net/Twine HBHRB560HLN202311.

John Deere 7330 MFWD Tractor with Allied 2795 Loader & 8’ Grapple Bucket QA, 3 Remotes, Tilt Steering, Reads 9906, RW7330H004975.

John Deere 7420 MFWD Tractor, 3 Remotes, Good Rubber, Tilt Steering, Reads 7371 Hrs, SN# RW7420r010241, Front Weight Kit.

John Deere 4240 Tractor, 2WD, 2 Remotes, Reads 5975 Hrs, 4240P 02157OR.

John Deere 4050 Tractor with 58 Loader, 2WD, 2 remotes, Reads 1093 Hrs, RW4050H004131.

1995 John Deere 310D Backhoe-Extenda-Hoe 4x4, Reads 1160 Hrs, TO310DG806170.

Twinstar Model G3-7 Hay Rake 1837155.

New Holland Manure Spreader 16’, Tandem Axle.

Bale King Vortex 201D

Hay Buster 2800 with Controls, Round or Square Bale.

Tractor Bucket 8’ New Holland QA.

John Deere 3 Bottom Plow, 3pt.

Ford 2B Rollover Plow, No Hyd Cyl.

John Deere QA Pallet Forks.

HLA Bale Spears, 3 tine.

QA Bale Spear, 3 Tine, Fits JD Backhoe.

John Deere 946 MoCo - Center Pivot 3pt.

John Deere 935 MoCo.

John Deere 930 MoCo - Parts Machine.

John Deere 230 Tandem Disc 20’.

Brillion Compactor 12’.

John Deere Loader-New, No Hydraulics.

Work Saver Bale Squeeze/Roller.

DewEze Bale Roller 3pt.

John Deere Bale Spear, Pin Type. 8’ Disc 3pt.

Round Bale Picker 3pt.

Bale Spear 3 Tine QA.

John Deere 401-C Backhoe 2WD, Older with 3pt.

Eversman 9’ Land Plane.

John Deere 84 Bale Rollers 3pt (2).

Shaver Post Driver, 3pt.

VEHICLES

2000 Ford F350 4x4 Truck, Power Stroke 5 Spd, Club Cab, Duals 9’ Steel Flatbed.

1993 Jeep Wrangler, Manual 4 Cyl, Reads 128k, 1J4FY19P8PP246640, Needs Clutch & Battery.

Polaris Sportsman 500 HD 4x4.

Yamaha Grizzly 600 Ultramatic 4x4.

Yamaha Kodiak Ultramatic 4x4.

1975 Chevy C60 Truck 18’ Bed, Reads 02606, CCE625V143025.

1993 Chevy Silverado 5.5 Turbo Diesel Manual 4x4, Reads 326k, 1GCGK29F4PE205040.

2005 C3500 Duramax Dually Truck, Reads 249k, Auto, 4x4.

1948 Chevy Grain Truck 12’ Dump Bed, RVSZ1RVSL2755.

TRAILERS

2008 Silver Lite 24’ Trailer, Aluminum Floor, 2 Dividers, 16,800GVW, 159SG242685609161.

2007 Delta 34’ GN Flatbed, Tandem Duals, 4MWF532278N021794.

GN Flatbed 24’, 3 Axle with Round Bale Boards.

2000 Trailman Stock Trailer 22’. 1 Divider, Rusty, 1M9LA2227Y1482442.

1989 AJ GN Stock Trailer 18’, Wood Floor, Rusted.

1984 W-W 16’ Stock Trailer, 11WG5162XEW126699.

Circle D 18’ GN Stock Trailer, Wood Floor.

RANCH / FARM MISC

Paul Portable Scale JR2000, SN# 70324.

10’ Dump Rake. Cattle Guard 12’ x 6’.

Bale Spear 3 Tine, Pin Type. Wood Posts. Misc Stock Tanks.

Miller Big 40 Welder/Generator on Trailer.

Lincoln AC/DC Welder. Sump Pump. Wrap 67” x 7000’, 2 Rolls.

400 Gallon Water Transport Tank.

Tractor Tires, Used.

Tractor Tire Field Drag.

Stock Rack For Pickup 8’.

Feed Panels (4). Jack Stands.

K&K Creep Feeder 8’.

3pt Trailer Mover.

Horse Drawn Mowers (4) & 1 Bottom Plow (2).

Round Bale Feeders (4).

Stur-D Oval Bale Feeders (10).

Powder River Portable Loading Chutes 14’ (2).

Motor Stand.

Post Driver Front Mount.

John Deere 896A Hay Rake, Ground Drive.

Wagon Axles with Steel Wheels.

Sittner Cattle Scratchers/Oilers.

2” Poly Pipe 200’ +/-.

Fuel Tanks (4), 3 with Hoses & Filters. Metal Pipe Rack.

Turn Out Time!

Offering

Jim & Jeanette Hawkins

Researcher wins Young Scientist award from American Society of Animal Science

By Meaghan MacDonald-Pool, MSU News Service

Being relatively new to academia, Rodrigo Marques, an assistant professor in the Department of Animal and Range Sciences at Montana State University, never anticipated receiving awards for his research, at least this early in his career. But, despite the short time he has been part of the College of Agriculture faculty, he has gained recognition for his research centered on maternal nutrition of beef cattle and its impacts on offspring performance.

Marques received the 2022 Young Scientist award from the western section of the American Society of Animal Science, which recognizes outstanding research achievement by members under the age of 40 in the organization. Marques will be celebrated during the 2022 ASAS Western section meeting in Park City, Utah, in late September.

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“Congratulations to Dr. Marques for this well-deserved recognition from his peers,” said Sreekala Bajwa, vice president of agriculture and dean of the College of Agriculture and director of the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. “During the short time since joining MSU, Rodrigo has established productive partnerships with the livestock industry to build a research program that addresses current and emerging challenges in livestock production. He is also an effective teacher. It is quite inspiring to hear his students gushing about the opportunities he provides them to learn and engage through his classes and research work.”

According to ASAS, “Dr. Marques is quickly setting himself apart as a top-tier and highly productive scientist with an astonishing list of accomplishments for a scientist of his career stage.” He has authored or coauthored 53 refereed journal articles, four book chapters, 16 proceedings papers, 21 peer-reviewed extension articles, 27 conference abstracts, nine station reports, and seven popular press articles.

Marques, who came to MSU in 2020, focuses on nutritional and management strategies to enhance productivity and profitability of cow-calf systems. He currently runs fetal programming trials, where his team feeds cows during gestation and sees the results on the calf after it’s born in terms of performance in feedlots, whether they get sick, carcass data and more.

Marques also does research on preparing calves to face the inevitable stressful situations that occur during road transport and feedlot entry in other states like Nebraska, New Mexico and Texas. One project is examining administrations of bovine appeasing substance, or BAS, and measuring its performance, health and psychological ef-

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fects on cattle. BAS is a synthetic analog to the bovine appeasing pheromone produced in a cow’s mammary gland. It has a calming effect and lowers stress levels.

“It’s great to see Dr. Marques being recognized for his contributions to the animal science field through this prestigious award” said Carl Yeoman, head of the Department of Animal and Range Sciences. “He has really hit the ground running since he joined the department with several grants and industry contracts that have resulted in a succession of highly impactful papers. I’m looking forward to seeing his career continue to flourish and the impacts he will have on animal agriculture in Montana.”

While Marques’ academic career is still fresh, he had more than a decade of industry experience. A native of São Paulo, Brazil, Marques worked at a feedlot as a manager and oversaw 15,000 animals. He received his bachelor and master’s degrees in animal science at São Paulo State University (UNESP-Dracena, Brazil) and received his Ph.D. in animal science from Oregon State University. While he initially worked on feedlot nutrition, he found working with calf nutrition more compelling.

“I started to study the impacts of maternal nutrition during gestation on the baby calf and it was very interesting,” Marques said. “When a cow is pregnant, you don’t know what is going to happen to the calf. But when you make little changes in the diet or management, you can change the future of that calf, and that is what got me.”

The switch to academia and research has been rewarding for Marques. He teaches livestock feeding and animal nutrition and uses a lot of his real-life experiences in the industry to explain difficult concepts. For instance, when discussing the importance of carbohydrates, he talks about how he has had to use biochemistry to prevent diseases like ruminal acidosis, a potentially lethal condition resulting from changes in gut pH levels.

He also opens his research labs to any of his undergraduate students to get a more real-world understanding of working with cattle.

“My students can have a perspective of how to do things in a research way, like how to design a research trial and publish a peer-reviewed article using the university farm,” Marques said. “They have to feed the animals, make sure to take care of their health and more. I’ve had some vet students come to my research program to learn how to bleed a calf or do a liver biopsy. These are things you can’t do in the classroom. It’s very rewarding to see them learn in a hands-on way.”

How many licks

Experiments in universities have actually been carried out to figure out how many licks it takes to get to the center of a Tootsie Pop, both with machine and human lickers (because this is important scientific knowledge!). The results ranged from 252 to 411.

122 years old

The oldest person ever to have lived (whose age could be authenticated), a French woman named Jeanne Louise Calment, was 122 years old when she died in 1997.

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Cover Crop Initiative Project field day

By Chabella Guzman, communications specialist and

Vesh R. Thapa, UNL postdoctoral research associate

The Cover Crop Initiative Project held its first field day at the Panhandle Research Education and Extension Center (PHREEC) in early May. This project represents a four-year collaborative agreement between the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) and the Nebraska Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) to foster understanding and promotion of cover crop use in Nebraska.

The Initiative has established cover crop variety trials in multiple locations across the state, including five UNL research stations with distinct agroecology.

“Identifying the most suited cover crop species or variety for the unique eco-region to achieve specific management goals is a crucial part of this project,” said Vesh R. Thapa, UNL postdoctoral research associate. Thapa offers experimental support to the project and stressed the significance of species selection based on locally sourced data for successful cover crop implementation.

On May 9, the PHREEC hosted 18 NRCS Conservation Planners at the Scottsbluff campus to increase their understanding and skills for utilizing site-specific cover crops for soil health management. The training program included both indoor and outdoor sessions. The indoor session offered NRCS-Cover Crop 101, a curriculum designed to equip participants with the necessary knowledge and skills to plan, design, and integrate cover crops into existing cropping systems.

“Our aim is to enrich conservation planners with knowledge on strategic cover crop use in their respective areas,” said Aaron Hird, USDA NRCS Nebraska state soil health specialist.

The outdoor segment allowed attendees to see the performance differences among cover crop varieties in the field, enabling them to make informed recommendations to farmers. For the field trial at Scottsbluff, a variety of 30 treatments, including 11 grasses, six legumes, five brassicas, and eight mixes, were selected. Thapa said varieties in the study included different species of oats, barley, triticale, winter wheat, rye, hairy vetch, pea, collards, radish, rapeseed, and camelina.

Field data showed that three rye varieties (Elbon, Yan-

CONTINUED ON PAGE A19

Graduate students Grace Emperatriz Pacheco Jiron (left), Bridget McKinley, and Vesh R. Thapa, UNL postdoctoral research associate, gather forage samples at PREEC cover crop plots. UNL/Chabella Guzman

Aaron Hird, USDA NRCS Nebraska state soil health specialist, discusses some of the findings in this year’s Cover Crop Initiative event in Scottsbluff. UNL/Chabella Guzman

Cover Crop Initiative Project field day

CONTINUED FROM PAGE A18 and Hazlet) outperformed all other treatments despite heavy winter grazing by Canadian Geese.

“The rye varieties rebounded remarkably in the spring with conducive soil temperatures for growth,” said Thapa. Although most species demonstrated good establishment in the fall, a few struggled with the weather. The low, freezing temperatures and frost damage resulted in the winter kill of oats, barley, peas, and brassicas.

Graduate students Grace Emperatriz Pacheco Jiron and Bridget McKinley play a key role in the project. They are measuring the productivity of different cover crop varieties, above and below ground, and assessing their impacts on various soil properties to aid soil quality enhancement.

“The project is still in its early stages and halfway through,” Hird said. “The partnership has afforded us the opportunity to learn about each other and open opportunities at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln’s research extension plots to study cover crops to maintain soil health and possible forages.”

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Springtime brings tick risks to people and cattle like

The arrival of springtime begins a busy season around the farm, but it also marks the beginning of the tick season. In Pennsylvania, tick-borne disease is a well-known problem in people and pets but tick-related concerns in cattle are growing thanks to the invasive Asian Longhorned Tick (ALT, Haemaphysalis longicorinis). The ALT was first recognized in the United States in 2017 (Rainey et al., 2017). Since that time, it has been identified in at least 18 states, including Pennsylvania and all neighboring states, based on a USDA map that tracks the spread of this invasive species. This tick is unique because it is parthenogenic, meaning it does not need a male to reproduce. A single parthenogenic female transported to a new location can start a new population that can grow rapidly because all ticks born are female and can produce eggs.

These rapid population explosions can be detrimental to cattle. In Australia and New Zealand, where invasive ALT populations have been present for many years, severe infestations have been reported to cause milk production losses and even death from blood loss (Heath, 2016). However, the risk of the ALT to cattle goes beyond its direct effects. This tick can also vector the blood parasite Theileria orientalis genotype Ikeda, which can cause disease in cattle. The first U.S. case report of Theileria associated bovine anemia (TABA), the disease caused by this parasite, describes the deaths of 7 cattle across multiple age groups on a single cow/ calf operation. These deaths were initially suspected, based on disease signs, to be bovine anaplasmosis, a disease that presents similarly to TABA. When an 8th animal became ill, more in-depth diagnostics were undertaken and TABA was diagnosed for the first time in the U.S. (Oakes et al., 2019). This disease is characterized by weak, lethargic cattle, often with a fever. There are no vaccines available to prevent TABA and no treatments, aside from supportive care, once cattle do get ill. Although few cases of TABA have been reported in Pennsylvania, producers should start taking steps now to protect their herd from the ALT.

Tick exposure occurs when cattle are outdoors, so those housed in confinement are at minimal risk of ALT and TABA. For cattle that do spend time on pasture, it is important to understand whether the ALT is present in the area or not. The ALT has been identified in southeastern and southwestern PA, as well as Centre County, as of April 2023, but it may be more widespread across the state. Increased monitoring for the ALT can help better understand its true range and where cattle may be at risk. Any time pastured cattle are handled is an opportunity to check for ticks. Ticks prefer thin-skinned areas and can often be found on the ears, under the jaw, or under the front legs. If ticks are found on pastured cattle, they can be removed and submitted to the Penn State Extension Insect Identification Laboratory for identification. When ALT or any ticks are identified on cattle, additional steps to protect cattle from tick bites can be taken.

Ticks prefer tall grasses and brushy areas where they quest or sit and wait for prospective hosts, like cattle, to pass by. Fencing cattle out of brushy areas and keeping pastures mowed can help reduce exposure to questing ticks. A good fly control program can also help reduce tick bites. Although there are currently no products for cattle specifically labeled for the ALT, many products will likely help prevent tick bites. Several spray and pour-on fly products were recently tested against the ALT. Under laboratory conditions, all tested products effectively killed the ALT at labeled concentrations (Butler et al., 2021). If these measures still do not effectively manage ALT populations, additional steps can be taken, such as maintaining a mowed buffer around pastures.

Although identifying the spread of the ALT and protecting cattle from tick bites is important, protecting people from ticks is also critical during this high-risk season. Pennsylvania is home to ticks carrying the pathogens that cause multiple human diseases, including Lyme disease, babesiosis, and anaplasmosis (a different pathogen than what causes bovine anaplasmosis). Avoiding brushy areas and tall grasses, using tick sprays, such as those containing DEET, and treating clothing with permethrin can help reduce the risk of tick bites. After spending time outdoors, it is important to conduct a thorough tick check to remove any ticks that may have gotten past other tick prevention measures. Tick season is a risky time of year for both people and cattle. Amongst all the other items on the springtime to-do list, it is important to keep an eye out for the ALT and to take steps to prevent tick bites for people and cattle alike.

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Winter Wheat may have more value as forage than taking it to grain

By Aaron Berger, Nebraska Extension Beef Educator

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Current cattle market conditions, along with the price and short availability of hay, have created a scenario where the growing winter wheat crop may have more value for producers for grazing or as a hay crop this spring than to harvest it for grain. The current market value of good quality prairie hay and alfalfa ranges from $180 to $270 per ton. Hay stocks are short. Harvested feed costs at current hay prices range from $3 to $4 per cow-calf pair daily.

For some producers, the option to graze out wheat or harvest it as hay may net more value per acre than harvesting it for grain, especially if grazing would keep them from purchasing additional feed at current market prices. This is particularly true if weather conditions or disease have damaged wheat and will reduce expected grain yields. One acre of wheat in May and early June with adequate moisture could provide one cow-calf pair for 45 days or more of grazing. At $3.50 per day, this is a value of over $150 per acre. Windrowing the wheat at late boot to the early head stage and strip grazing the windrows with cow-calf pairs is an option that will maximize grazing harvest efficiency and minimize harvesting costs. For more on this option, see the article “Windrow Grazing Annual Forages in the Growing Season to Increase Harvest Efficiency and Productivity” at beef.unl.edu.

After the stress of this winter, cow-calf pairs would specifically benefit from this high-quality grazing opportunity, especially if cow body condition needs to improve prior to breeding. Wheat pasture also provides the opportunity to get cow-calf pairs out of dry lots and on to clean ground which can benefit calf health. In western Nebraska, stocker cattle can be expected to gain very well on wheat during May and early June, ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 pounds per head per day. With the current value of gain for stocker cattle, this may be an attractive option.

Pasturing wheat also will help to facilitate the delaying of turnout onto pastures or native ranges, allowing those pastures to establish grass growth prior to the start of grazing. Delaying grazing will be particularly valuable this year as plants were severely stressed after the harsh drought conditions of 2022. Delaying turnout will allow grass to utilize available soil moisture for forage growth. The delayed turnout often results in more total forage growth that can be utilized later in the grazing season. Early growth will be especially beneficial for catching and retaining precipitation that occurs. Fencing, water, and a sacrifice area to get cattle onto should wet conditions happen during grazing are factors that should be considered when evaluating the potential for grazing wheat. To help reduce the risk of grass tetany, especially for lactating cows, a high magnesium mineral supplement should be fed to cattle two to four weeks before turn out and during grazing. For more information on when to start grazing and management practices to effectively utilize this forage see the article “Getting the Most Out of Grazing Cereal Rye and Other Winter-hardy Small Cereals” at beef.unl.edu.

If cattle grazing is not feasible, harvesting wheat as hay is another alternative that may net more dollars per acre than harvesting the crop as grain. Wheat harvested as forage often yields over two tons of hay per acre. It is important to consider the livestock you plan to feed the hay to before you pick your harvest date. For young growing cattle, wheat hay should be cut in the boot stage or as soon as possible after heading to ensure good protein and energy content as well as palatability. If mature, dry beef cows are the targeted users for the hay, harvest can be delayed a little longer to increase yield, but doing so will sacrifice nutritive value and palatability. Grazing wheat or harvesting it early in the boot stage for hay could also open a window of opportunity to plant a summer annual forage into the wheat stubble as a second crop if good moisture conditions are present.

A partial budget that analyzes both costs and projected revenues associated with grazing cattle, windrow grazing, cutting for hay, or harvesting wheat for grain can be helpful to producers in evaluating these options. Grazing or haying options should also be evaluated, considering the potential impact that they will have on subsequent crop production, insurance, and potential government payments. For more information on crop budgeting, visit cap.unl. edu/cropbudgets.

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USDA

input on crop insurance coverage for prevented planting

invites

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) published a Request for Information, announcing public listening sessions and soliciting public comments on possible changes to prevented planting crop insurance coverage. Coinciding with the public comment period, USDA’s Risk Management Agency (RMA) will hold in-person and virtual listening sessions June through August. This includes in-person listening sessions in Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Indiana, Michigan, New Mexico, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Texas. Meanwhile, RMA will accept written comments through its request for information until September 1.

“We truly care what our customers – the Nation’s agricultural producers – have to say. That’s why we’re hosting listening sessions in 11 states in addition to accepting written comments,” said RMA Administrator Marcia Bunger. “We listen to their needs so that we can adapt, improve, and help them manage their risks and provide better opportunities to protect their operations.”

The request for information on prevented planting requests input on prevented planting topics to include:

Harvest Price Option – Feedback on whether to allow the prevented planting payment calculations to be based on the higher of projected price or harvest price under the revenue protection plan of insurance.

“1 in 4” Rule – Input on the challenges or experiences since the rule (to be eligible for a prevented planting coverage acreage must have been planted to a crop, insured, and harvested in at least 1 out of the previous 4 crop years) was implemented nationwide.

10 percent additional coverage option – Input on if RMA should reinstate the option to buy-up prevented planting coverage by 10 percent.

Contract price – Whether prevented planting costs are higher for contracted crops and how prevented planting payments should be calculated for contract crops.

General – Willingness to pay additional premium for expanded prevented planting benefits, recommendations on other prevented planting limitations, etc.

RMA will hold a virtual listening session via Microsoft Teams on June 8 and at least a dozen in-person sessions over the next few months. Additional details on the listening sessions are available on the RMA website.

Prevented planting insurance provisions provide valuable coverage when extreme weather conditions prevent expected plantings. Prevented planting is when a producer is unable to plant an insured crop due to an insurable cause of loss in time to grow a viable crop. Final planting dates and late planting periods are detailed in a producer’s crop insurance policy, and they vary by crop and location. Prevented planting coverage is intended to assist with normal costs associated with preparing the land up to the point of seed going into the ground (pre-plant costs).

More Information

Crop insurance is sold and delivered solely through private crop insurance agents. A list of crop insurance agents is available at all USDA Service Centers and online at the RMA Agent Locator. Learn more about crop insurance and the modern farm safety net at rma.usda.gov or by contacting your RMA Regional Office.

Army Birthday

Celebrate the birth of bravery and service to the nation! Join the festivities and honor the heroes who defend our freedom. Happy birthday!

When is it? Every June 14th

Every year on June 14th, the United States of America commemorates the creation of its army, which was first established by the Continental Congress back in 1775 to fight against the British during the American Revolutionary War. Throughout its history, the U.S. Army has played a vital role in protecting the security and interests of the United States, both domestically and abroad, so it comes as no surprise that the nation takes pride in this institution and wishes to celebrate it on the anniversary of its inception.

How it works

USDA seeks members for Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production Committee

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is seeking nominations for four positions on the Federal Advisory Committee for Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production. Nominations will be open to public from May 15, 2023, to July 15, 2023. The 12-member Committee, which first convened in March 2022, is part of USDA’s efforts to increase support for urban agriculture and innovative production. Members of the Committee provide input on policy development and help identify barriers to urban agriculture as USDA works to promote urban farming and the economic opportunities it provides in cities across the country.

“The Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production Committee is an important opportunity for urban and innovative producers to have their voices heard and give direct feedback to USDA,” said Terry Cosby, Chief of USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service, which oversees USDA’s Office of Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production. “These new members will pro-

Seed Right the First Time

vide valuable input on how we can better serve urban agricultural producers with a focus on equity, local food systems, access to safe and nutritious food and new ways to address climate change.”

Members of the Committee include agricultural producers and representatives from the areas of higher education or extension programs, non-profits, business and economic development, supply chains and financing. The Committee last met in April 2023.

Nominations

USDA is seeking nominations for individuals representing a broad spectrum of expertise. Four positions are open for nominations including:

One individual representing urban agriculture.

One individual representing an institution of higher education or extension program.

One individual representing business and economic development, which may include a business development entity, community development initiatives, a chamber of commerce, a city government or a planning organization.

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One individual representing related experience in urban, indoor and other emerging agriculture production practices.

Individuals who wish to be considered for membership must submit a nomination package including the following:

A completed background disclosure form (Form AD755) signed by the nominee; https://www.usda.gov/sites/ default/files/documents/ad755.pdf.

A brief summary explaining the nominee’s interest in one or more open vacancies including any unique qualifications that address the membership composition and criteria described above.

A resume providing the nominee’s background, experience, and educational qualifications.

Recent publications by the nominee relative to extending support for urban agriculture or innovative production (optional).

Letter(s) of endorsement (optional).

Nomination packages must be submitted by email to UrbanAgricultureFederalAdvisoryCommittee@ usda.gov or postmarked by July 15, 2023. If sending by mail, packages should be addressed to the Office of Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production, Department of Agriculture, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Room 4627-S, Washington, DC 20250. Any interested person or organization may nominate qualified individuals for membership, including self-nominations. For special accommodations, contact Markus Holliday at UrbanAgricultureFederalAdvisoryCommittee@ usda.gov.

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COMBINES & HEADS - 2.99% FOR 60 MONTHS OR 24 MONTH WAIVER*

2020 John Deere 716C (WA), Stk #73094, 16R30, Opposed Knife Rollers, Row Sense, HHC & About 9,000 Acres $107,000

2012 John Deere S680 (PI), Stk #76660, 3,567 Engine/2,239 Separator Hours, Greenstar Display, Autotrac, Bin Extension, Best

Rebuilt Fingers, Sickles & Guards Before The 2022 Season, Harvested About 1,150 Acres On That $13,250

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2022 John Deere C12F (BE), Stk #78889, NonStalkmaster, Opposed Knife Rolls, Less Than 2000 Acres $159,500

2020 John Deere S770 (BF), Stk #77682, 740

Engine/541 Separator Hours, Duals In Good Condition, LED Lights, 26-ft. Auger, Gen 4, Pro-Drive & Much More! $412,500

2018 John Deere S790 (HA), Stk #75116, 2,259

Engine/1,530 Separator Hours, Loaded Up, Gen 4 Display, 4WD, LED Lights, 650 Metrics, Powercast Tailboard, Demco XL Grain Ext $259,000

Separator Hours, Loaded with Options, LED Lights, Premium Activation, ProDrive, Extended Warranty Till Aug 2025 $512,000

2022 John Deere X9 1100 (WA), Stk #78491, 477 Engine/309 Separator Hours, 710-42

Front Duals, 750 Rear RWD, 31.5 Unload with Adjustable Spout, Deep Tooth/High Wear $759,500

2021 John Deere S770 (BE), Stk #78732, 444

Engine/306 Separator Hours, Like New, Loaded with Options, Leather Seat, Power Fold Auger $498,000

2017 John Deere S670 (PH), Stk #78383, 1,750

Engine/1,185 Separator Hours, Always Shedded, Custom Cutter Extended Wear Package, 5 Speed Feederhouse $224,900

2017 John Deere S680 (WA), Stk #77870, 2,860

Engine/1,780 Separator Hours, Pro Drive with Harvest Smart, Auto Trac Ready, Powercast Power Tailboard $139,000

2014 John Deere S680 (HA), Stk #74465, 3,035

Engine/2,021 Separator Hours, Price Leader!

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9560 STS (BE), Stk #78629, 2,418 Engine/1,760 Separator Hours, Very Low Hours, Premium Header Control, Extended Wear Grain Handling, Chipper, High Intensity Lights $69,500

HAY TOOLS

2015 John Deere R240 (BE), Stk #78123, 8-ft, 45 hp PTO requirement. 3-Point Mount. Low Profile Cutterbar, Outer Swath Wheel Hydraulic Lift $10,000

2022 John Deere C16F (WA), Stk #78487, 16R30 Folding Head, Opposed Knife Rollers, Stalk Deflectors, 3000 Acres $198,000

2022 John Deere RD45F (WA), Stk #79329, Less Than 1,500 Acres, Still Has New Spare Sickles In The Tubes, Flip Over Reel, Long/ Long $128,900

2022 John Deere HD50F (WA), Stk #78486, Run On X9, Long Course Knife with Spare, Flip Over Reel, Wing Leveling, 3000 Acres $151,000

2022 Fantini G03 (PI), Stk #72443, 12R30, New Carry Over Unit! Sunflower Head with Block Chains, Can Be Used On Any Brand $124,200

2021 John Deere C8R (BE), Stk #78775, 8R30, Low Acres, Hydraulic Deck, Chopping Rowmax Rollers, Like New $89,500

2020 Fantini GO3 (PI), Stk #76763, 12R22, Set Up For John Deere, Like New - Only 160 Acres On It! $80,000

All The Options You Need, Push Bar, MegaWide, Surface Wrap, Grease Bank, Nice Solid Baler $40,500

2021 Vermeer 605N (PH), Stk #79324, 750 Bales, Excellent Condition, Surface Wrap Only, Chains & Belts Good Shape $52,500

2018 John Deere 560M (WI), Stk #77793, 5,406 Bales, Surface Wrap, No Twine, 21.5-16.1 Tires, Push Bar, MegaWide Pickup $43,900

2019 John Deere 560M (BL), Stk #78296, 5,900 Bales, Super Nice Unit & Low Bale Count, Surface Wrap & Twine, Belts Are Excellent! $40,900 2019 John Deere 560R (BE), Stk #77647, 6,877 Bales, Includes A520 Bale Accumulator, High Moisture Kit, Surface Wrap Only $43,500

2019 John Deere 560M (SU), Stk #77201, 10,206 Bales, Netwrap & Twine, Big Tires, MegaWide, Hydraulic Pickup, Good Belts & Chains $30,900

LARGE SQUARE BALERS

2008 Case IH LBX432 (WI), Stk #75699, 24,000 Bales, Nice, Clean 4 x 3 Big Square Baler with Preservative Applicator, Steering Axles, Bale Chute, Priced As Is $38,900 2001 New Holland BB960 (WI), Stk #75700, 37,000 Bales, Very Good Shape For Its Age, Bale Chute, Preservative Applicator, Pickup Is Straight, Priced As Is $22,900

MOCO’S

2020 John Deere 956 (HA), Stk #77487, Equipped with Steel V10 Conditioner, Hydraulic Tilt Control, 2 Pt Hookup, Knives & Turtles In Good Shape $43,500

2020 John Deere 956 (BF), Stk #73538, Local Trade, 1 Owner, 14.5-ft. Width, Steel V10 Roller Conditioner, 3 Pt & 1000 PTO, Had Some Welding, Priced As Is $32,900

2019 John Deere R990R/F350R (WI), Stk #79818/79819, 32.5-ft. Cutting Width $49,900

2011 John Deere 956 (PI), Stk #77125, Flail Moco, 2 Pt, 1 3/8th 1000 PTO, New Gearbox On Drive, New Blades, Ready For 2023 Haying Season $19,500

2019 John Deere 708C (BE), Stk #78078, 8R30, Chopping Cornhead, Rowsense Feelers, Blown off every night &

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Always Shedded, Front Duals- 750/65R2670%, Has Not Been Thru Shop- You Can Save $$ & Do Yourself $102,500 *30%DownPaymentRequired

2015 New Holland 260 (SU), Stk #76985, Like New New Holland 260 Hydraulic Drive Rake. Very, Very Little Use, Rake Is Clean, Good Teeth & Tires $8,400

2007 Vermeer WR22 (WA), Stk #76557, 10 Wheel Carted Rake, 2 Wheels Have Been Replaced, Average Condition $3,500 New Holland 216 (BF), Stk #78336, Nice Unit, Requiring 2 Hydraulic Remotes, Has Plenty Of Width To Grab 2 16-ft. Windrows & Put Them Together $10,900

H&S BF18HC (SU), Stk #77632, Rake Has Been Welded In A Couple Of Places, But Completely Functional, Hoses & Good $8,900

Vermeer R2800 (BF), Stk #75591, Hydraulic Fold Rake. This Machine Is A Local 1 Owner & Would Make A Great Addition, Priced As Is $17,250

ROTARY CUTTERS

2021 John Deere HX6 (BF), Stk #79446, Sold New In 2021 & Never Used, Category II 3 Pt & 540 PTO, 6-ft. Cutting Width & Will Cut Up To 4” Diameter $6,250

2021 Rhino 4155-4 (BL), Stk #79126, 15-ft. Batwing with Solid Rubber Tires, Large 1000 PTO, Light Kit, Full Chain Guards, Gearbox Warranty Until End Of 2026 $22,000

2021 Rhino 6200 (SU), Stk #76666, Like New Cutter, Very Clean, 20-ft. Cut Width, Laminated Tires, Call For More Info, Priced To Selll! $18,900

2011 John Deere HX10 (SU), Stk #79561, 3 Pt, Adjustable Rear Gauge Wheels, 540 PTO, Front & Rear Chain Guards, Nice Mower With Very Little Use $8,250

shedded $76,500

2022 John Deere X9 1100 (WA), Stk #78488, 407 Engine/270 Separator Hours, 710-42 Front Duals, 740 Rear, Rear Wheel Drive, 31.5 Unload Auger, Sig Edition $763,500

2021 John Deere S790 (HA), Stk #79505, 632 Engine/461 Separator Hours, LED Lights, Folding Grain Tank, Combine Advisor, Pro Drive & 5 Speed Feederhouse $534,500

2009 John Deere 635F (BL), Stk #77111,

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The term “brah” is Hawaiian pidgin, short for brahdah (brother), and was popularized by surf culture.

#####

As of 1998, over 50% of Iceland’s population believed in the existence of elves.

#####

Murphy’s law says that anything that can go wrong will go wrong. Cole’s law is thinly sliced cabbage.

##### What do you call someone running in front of a car? Tired. What do you call someone running behind a car? Exhausted.

Recipe Patch

By Geri

Roasted Mexican Zucchini

4 medium zucchini, sliced into 1/2-inch half moons

1 1/2 tablespoons olive oil

1 teaspoon kosher salt

1/2 teaspoon chili powder

1/2 teaspoon garlic powder

1/2 teaspoon black pepper

1/2 teaspoon onion powder

1/4 teaspoon ground cumin

2 tablespoons crumbled cotija cheese

juice of 1/2 lime

2 tablespoons chopped cilantro

Preheat the oven to 450°F. Line a large baking sheet with aluminum foil for easy cleanup. Set aside.

In a large bowl, add the diced zucchini, olive oil, salt, chili powder, garlic powder, black pepper, onion powder, and ground cumin.Toss until evenly coated.

Transfer to the prepared baking sheet and spread evenly in a single layer.

Roast for 10-15 minutes, flipping halfway through, until zucchini is fork tender.

Top with cotija cheese, lime juice, and chopped fresh cilantro. Serve immediately.

Tomato Salad

5 large or 8 cups medium ripe red heirloom or beefsteak tomatoes, cut into 1-inch cubes

1/2 cup red onion, chopped

8 - 10 fresh basil leaves, chopped

1 tablespoon extra virgin olive oil

1 clove garlic, minced

Kosher salt and fresh ground pepper to taste

In a large bowl combine the tomatoes, red onion, basil, olive oil, garlic and season liberally with salt and pepper. Let the tomato mixture sit room temperature for about 20 minutes to let the flavors blend (the juices from the tomatoes will release and create a kind of dressing). Toss well.

Pesto-Parmesan Tomatoes

4 medium tomatoes, halved

4 teaspoons basil pesto, store bought or homemade

5 tbsp shredded Parmesan cheese

Preheat the oven to 400°F.

Arrange the tomatoes on a baking tray and top each with 1/2 teaspoon pesto and 1/2 tablespoon of Parmesan cheese. Roast the tomatoes until the Parmesan cheese is slightly browned and melted, about 18-20 minutes.

Remove from the oven and serve immediately.

Air-Fryer Meat Loaf

1 large egg

1/4 cup 2% milk

1/3 cup crushed saltines

3 Tbls chopped onion

1/4 tsp salt

1/8 tsp rubbed sage

Dash pepper

1/2 pound lean ground beef

1/4 cup ketchup

2 Tbls brown sugar

1/4 tsp Worcestershire sauce

In a large bowl, beat egg. Add the milk, cracker crumbs, onion, salt, sage, and pepper. Crumble beef over mixture and mix well. Preheat air fryer to 325°. Shape into 2 loaves; place in greased air fryer. Cook 20 minutes.

Meanwhile, combine ketchup, brown sugar and Worcestershire sauce, spoon over meat loaves. Cook until a thermometer reads 160°, 10-15 minutes longer.

Air-Fryer Pork Tenderloin

1 pork tenderloin (3/4 pound)

1 Tbls spicy brown mustard

2 tsp canola oil

1 tsp garlic powder

1 tsp onion powder

1/2 tsp pepper

Preheat air fryer to 375°. Trim silver skin from tenderloin if desired; pat dry. In a small bowl, stir together remaining ingredients; spread over tenderloin. Place on greased tray in air-fryer basket. Cook until a thermometer reads 145°, 18 to 20 minutes. Let stand 10 minutes before slicing.

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Leavy spurge control

By Ben Beckman, UNL

Yellow-green patches in a pasture might look pretty for the uninitiated, but the tell-tale bloom of leafy spurge is not a spring sight many of us want to see.

While there are many plants livestock producers may consider pasture weeds, one that is held in particular dislike is leafy spurge. Besides being on the Nebraska noxious weed list and requiring control, this hardy perennial spreads aggressively through seeds and root buds. With an extensive root system that can reach depths up to 15 ft., once established spurge is hard to control.

While biological and cultural control methods may provide some reduction in growth and seed production, those wanting complete control might consider an herbicide treatment as the best option.

Multiple chemicals have action on spurge, however for spring treatments, control at bud or true flower stage is recommended. Options for application at the bud stage are 2,4-D ester (4L) , Graslan L®, Tordon 22K®, or Picloram 22K. If applying a bit later at flower stage options include Curtail®/Cody®/Stinger®, Streamline®, an Overdrive® + Tordon 22K® mix, or a Sharpen® + Plateau® mix.

Unfortunately, a single treatment will not control spurge, so continued monitoring and retreatment is necessary. An effective strategy is pairing spring applications that prevent seed production with a fall treatment to control new growth.

Leafy Spurge can easily take over a pasture, but with vigilance and regular treatment, control can be achieved.

Maurice Joseph Micklewhite

Born in London in 1933, Micklewhite got his first job in theater at age 20. Disliking both his first and last names, he billed himself as Michael Scott. But in 1954, while standing in a London phone booth talking to his agent, he was informed there already was an English actor named Michael Scott. Pressured to choose a new name right there, Micklewhite looked down the street and saw a movie marquee sign advertising The Caine Mutiny. So he said to his agent, “Michael Caine.”

Thin cows and limited hay resources: What are my options?

By Josie Crouch, MS Animal Science student; Kacie McCarthy, UNL Cow-Calf Specialist; Travis Mulliniks, UNL Beef Cattle Nutritionist, Range Production Systems

Drought conditions this last growing season, limited hay supply, and a wet winter have been very challenging to beef producers. This created a situation where many cows at this point were thinner than normal years. In addition, we couple that with limited hay and lower-quality hay with the potential of having a late green up or delayed turn out to grass. With that in mind, we have to think about how to increase energy in the diet to meet the lactational requirements while gaining BCS and doing that past our traditional turn out to grass. Body condition scoring (BCS) is an effective management tool to estimate the energy reserves of a cow. If monitored multiple times across the production year, BCS is a good indicator of direction of body weight change. Body condition score of beef cows at the time of calving has an impact on subsequent rebreeding performance; however, direction of body weight gain can be just as important (Table 1). Traditional recommendations suggest cows need to be nutritionally managed at a BCS 5 or greater at breeding for optimal reproductive performance. However, the response is not absolute; some cows are capable of rebreeding at BCS less than 5.

Although calving BCS can influence rebreeding and performance of cows, it doesn’t mean thin cows will always result in decreased reproductive performance. A large impact on reproduction is direction and magnitude of body weight change after calving and through breeding. Houghton et al. (1990) showed that thin cows gaining condition increased the probability of cows becoming pregnant; however, fleshy (fat) cows losing body condition improved pregnancy rate (Table 1). The effects of poor body condition (less than 4) can be overcome by improved nutrition. The goal is to shorten the period of weight loss by increased nutrient supply so that positive gain can be initiated, and the cows can start cycling.

Table 1. Effect of body condition score change on pregnancy rate

Because of the nutritional demands of lactation, it can be difficult to get cows to gain body weight economically after calving. This is really due to nutrient requirements being the greatest up to approximately day 60 after calving, which also coincides with the start of breeding. A lactating cow at peak lactation has an energy demand of 15 – 16 lb of TDN per day depending on milk production level.

So, what do we do if we have thin cows? Additional energy will be required to restore their body condition to a moderate level. The problem with this management scheme is that nutrient demands at this time are high and the additional nutrition supplied may be used to increase milk production rather than body weight gain.

What options do we have to stretch forage or hay supply?

Controlling hay waste:

Controlling or minimizing feed waste is essential to stretching hay resources. With any feed or feeding method, we always have waste associated with it. Understanding how much waste is occurring is essential for meeting nutrient needs of livestock. Method and amount of hay being fed can have feed waste greater than 25%. Some studies have shown up to 39% hay waste by method of feeding hay. Hay waste is highly influenced by hay feeder design that is used to feed ad libitum amount to beef cows. Ring feeders with sheeted bottoms and basket feeders with sheeted bottoms generally have lower waste percentages of 5 to 10%.

If you are feeding hay through a processor or rolling bales out, it is important to only feed enough so that cows can eat all that they need for one day and not overfeeding. Overfeeding can lead to increased waste due to cows urinating and defecating on the excess hay.

One method to control waste is to control access to hay feeders. Segregating feeding area and only allowing cattle to access hay for 3 to 12 hours a day. Limit feeding or restricting access to hay can reduce intake and waste by ~20%. However, it is important to know hay quality and having adequate feeders/bales available so that cows have equal

Thin cows and limited hay resources: What are my options?

access to hay during the feeding times.

In situations where hay is being limit fed to stretch forage resources, grazing behavior and overall grazing intake may decrease due to cows waiting for hay to be delivered. If cows are already thin, this may cause an overall decrease in energy intake. Feeding the same quality of hay but done infrequently can help decrease the chance of cows waiting at the gate for hay to arrive.

Supplemental options:

Utilization of an ionophore for grazing livestock and livestock consuming hay can increase energy value of the overall diet and reduce the need for hay. Research has shown that hay intake can be reduced by approximately 10% with the addition of rumensin in the diet. In addition, studies have shown that rumensin improves body weight gain and BCS.

Feeding a starch-based supplement (i.e., corn) can substitute for hay intake. For instance, 3 lb of corn can decrease hay intake by 3 lbs. Starch-based energy supplements would have to be fed every day, and to minimize waste, it should be fed in a bunk. If corn or corn-based supplements are utilized, then protein supplementation would be needed to meet protein requirements. The impact of feeding corn on forage intake and digestibility has been shown to be dependent on the level of protein in the diet. In digestion studies, increasing energy in diets containing low levels of protein has decreased intake and digestibility of low-quality roughage; however, with greater levels of supplemental protein, increasing energy typically has little effect on intake or digestibility of low-quality roughage.

Other management considerations:

If possible, sort and manage cows by BCS groups (i.e., thin versus fleshy). This will allow you to be more strategic on providing high-quality feedstuffs to thin cows, while not over conditioning any fleshy cows.

Use reproductive technologies. Even if artificial insemination is not utilized, estrus synchronization can help increase the number of thin cows to cycle earlier in the breeding season. Refer to a past BeefWatch article to learn more about how to move cows up in the breeding season: https://beef.unl.edu/ beefwatch/2021/managing-postpartum-anestrus-beef-cowssuccessful-breeding-season.

Spring

on Trailers by Iron Bull

Additional payments for livestock producers impacted by drought and wildfire in 2021

Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack announced plans to roll out $3.7 billion in Emergency Relief Program (ERP) and Emergency Livestock Relief Program (ELRP) assistance to crop and livestock producers who sustained losses due to a qualifying natural disaster event in calendar year 2022. USDA is sharing early information to allow producers time to gather documents in advance of program delivery. Through distribution of remaining funds, USDA is also concluding the 2021 ELRP program by sending payments in the amount of 20% of the initial ELRP payment to all existing recipients.

“U.S. agricultural producers nationwide endured crippling natural disaster events in 2022 including a megadrought, Hurricane Ian, epic flooding and catastrophic wildfires. To say these events were costly is an understatement,” Vilsack said. “Last year USDA streamlined the delivery of natural disaster assistance, speeding up the timing of payments and cutting the time spent on paperwork by 90% or one million hours relative to the previous disaster programs. While we will use the same streamlined approaches, funding is limited and significantly less than the estimated losses. We are designing payment factors that ensure the fair, equitable and efficient delivery of program benefits to help as many producers as possible offset the significant financial impacts resulting from these ongoing and widespread natural disasters.”

Background

On December 29, 2022, President Biden signed into law the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-328) that provides about $3.7 billion in financial assistance for agricultural producers impacted by wildfires, droughts, hurricanes, winter storms and other eligible disasters occurring in calendar year 2022. Additionally, the Act specifically targets up to about $500 million to livestock producers for losses incurred due to drought or wildfire in calendar year 2022.

ERP 2022 for Crop Producers

USDA, through the Farm Service Agency (FSA), intends to deploy the lessons learned from the development and implementation of ERP and ELRP for previous years’ losses to ensure expedited assistance for 2022 losses.

Based on positive feedback from producers, stakeholder groups and FSA county office staff, USDA intends to provide an ERP track for producers who had coverage through Risk Management Agency’s federal crop insurance or FSA’s Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP). Through a streamlined application process, USDA intends to be in a position to send pre-filled applications directly to eligible producers in early summer.

For producers who have not been able to avail themselves of risk management coverage or whose losses were not covered, USDA intends to offer a program track to access ERP assistance with assistance provided to producers who suffered a decrease in allowable gross revenue in 2022 due to necessary expenses related to losses of eligible crops from a qualifying natural disaster event.

Instead of implementing these program tracks as two separate phases on different timelines, FSA intends to make both tracks available to producers at the same time, noting that the first track will follow a streamlined process with less paperwork burden, based on existing, available risk management data. The second ERP track

would require that producers provide FSA with certain information related to revenue.

ELRP 2022 for Livestock Producers and Close Out of ELRP for 2021

For impacted ranchers, USDA intends to leverage FSA’s Livestock Forage Disaster Program (LFP) data to deliver ELRP assistance for increases in supplemental feed costs in 2022.

To be eligible for an ELRP payment for 2022 losses, livestock producers will need to have suffered grazing losses from wildfire or in a county rated by the U.S. Drought Monitor as having a D2 (severe drought) for eight consecutive weeks or a D3 (extreme drought) or higher level of drought intensity during the 2022 calendar year and have applied and been approved for 2022 LFP. Additionally, otherwise eligible producers whose permitted grazing on federally managed lands was disallowed due to wildfire will also be eligible for ELRP payments if they applied and were approved for 2022 LFP.

In a continued effort to streamline and simplify the delivery of ELRP benefits, eligible producers will not be required to apply for payment.

Meanwhile, FSA also intends to provide additional assistance to ranchers for qualifying livestock losses from drought and wildfire in 2021. More information will be announced in the coming months.

How Producers Can Prepare

To participate in ERP and ELRP for 2022 losses, both crop and livestock producers should have or be prepared to have the following forms on file with FSA:

Form AD-2047, Customer Data Worksheet (as applicable to the program participant);

Form CCC-902, Farm Operating Plan for an individual or legal entity;

Form CCC-901, Member Information for Legal Entities (if applicable); and

Form AD-1026 Highly Erodible Land Conservation (HELC) and Wetland Conservation (WC) Certification.

Most producers, especially those who have previously participated in FSA programs, will likely have these required forms on file. However, those who are uncertain or want to confirm should contact FSA at their local USDA Service Center.

In addition to the forms listed above, underserved producers are encouraged to register their status with FSA, using Form CCC-860, Socially Disadvantaged, Limited Resource, Beginning and Veteran Farmer or Rancher Certification, as certain existing permanent and ad-hoc disaster programs provide increased benefits or reduced fees and premiums.

Producers with eligible crop losses who did not have federal crop insurance or NAP risk management coverage for 2022 and intend to apply for ERP assistance will need to pull together revenue information that is readily available from most tax records. FSA encourages producers to have their tax documents from the past few years and supporting materials ready including Schedule F (Form 1040) and Profit or Loss from Farming or similar tax documents. FSA will not require these forms to be submitted with the ERP application, but will require a certification, similar to Adjusted Gross Income certification that has been used for many years for Farm Bill programs. Applicants simply report and certify to the information required for the program.

Crop producers who have federal crop insurance coverage should ensure that in-

Additional payments for livestock producers

CONTINUED FROM PAGE A34

formation on file with their insurance agent is accurate and that any pending activities needed to file loss claims for 2022 losses are addressed as soon as possible. Producers who received ERP assistance last year or who will receive assistance for 2022 losses are required to purchase crop insurance or NAP for the next two crop years.

More Information

In the coming months, USDA intends to provide additional information on how to apply for assistance through ERP and ELRP for 2022 losses. Through proactive communications and outreach, USDA will keep producers and stakeholders informed as program eligibility, application and implementation details unfold.

Build a Scarecrow Day

This holiday is celebrated on the first Sunday in July. Build him and he will help to keep birds out of your garden… we hope.

When research started on this special day, we thought it should have been held in the fall. Our logic was that scarecrows are a big hit in decorating during the fall, and are associated with harvest scenes. But, then we realized the error in the logic…….

We build scarecrows to stand out in the garden through sunshine and rain to scare crows and other birds away. The crops are growing in the field during the summer months. So, if you’re going to build a scarecrow for your garden, the time is now. Hence, a July date.

Sometimes the scarecrow does his job quite effectively. The birds think someone is in the garden, and they stay away. Other times, they know better. How can you tell that a bird is not scared by a scarecrow? When you see a bird resting upon a scarecrow, you can be pretty certain that the bird has not been fooled.

The deadline for advertising in the July 2023 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be June 23rd. Phone (406) 271-5533 or email: advertising @tradersdispatch.com

Summit Hay Stacking Service - Let Us Do the Heavy Lifting! Central Montana’s Leading Forage Stacking Service

• We use the quickest most versatile self-propelled bale stacker on the market, which can handle most all terrain.

• We currently operate with three stackers, hire multiple drivers and work around the clock to meet all your forage stacking needs. Equipped to stack ANY SIZE of large bales; 3x3, 3x4, 4x4, and large rounds.

• Operating in the following counties: Teton, Cascade, Toole, Choteau, Pondera, Lewis & Clark, Wheatland, Judith Basin, Golden Valley County and Fergus County.

Other Services Offered

at Our Head Quarters in Vaughn, Montana

• Feedlot Services: Backgrounding, Feeding and Heifer Development

• Flatbed and Cattle Trucking

Travis Edmundson - Owner 406.209.2088

Josh Martin - Stacking Manager/Operator 406.403.5822

Liz Edmundson - In The Office - 406.438.7570

Ford F350 Lariat Crew cab, 6.7 diesel. OUR PRICE: $66,999

2019 Ford F350 XL Crew cab, long box. OUR PRICE: $48,999

2022 Ford Explorer Limited SUV All wheel drive, 3rd row seat OUR PRICE: $48,999

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Centrol Crop Consulting LLC, Brady & Conrad MT C8

Circle G Salvage, Walhalla, ND B10

Circle S Seeds, of Montana, Three Forks MT A34

Courtesy Ford, Conrad MT A35

Cut Bank Tire, Cut Bank MT A18

Dakota Truck & Farm, Minot ND A33

DBL Sales & Service, Dave & Brock Linker, Coffee Creek MT A2, C15

Doane Western of Montana, Bozeman MT C30

Double Diamond Truck & Equipment Sales, Missoula MT B19

Dry Fork Ag, Ledger MT C28

Exchange Services, Inc, Whitefish MT B22

First State Bank, Shelby, MT A30

Flaman Rentals, Power MT A20, A32

Fort Benton Realty, Fort Benton MT B18

Fox Ford, Wolf Point MT C6

Frank Merchant Roofing, Great Falls MT B23

Fraser’s Oil Inc., Inverness MT C18

Frieling’s Agricultural Equipment, Great Falls MT A25, B1, C3, C33

Frontline Ag Solutions Dillon, Dillon MT C11

Frontline Ag Solutions, Choteau, Conrad, Cut Bank, Dillon, Lewistown, Havre, Chester, Great Falls, Belgrade, Livingston MT C8, C9

Gateway Arch & Fence, Wayne Thiem, Bozeman MT B21

Glass Trucking, Denton MT B24

Gordon Repair, LLC, Miles City MT C24

Greyn Fertilizer, Choteau, Dutton, Valier MT C13

Grossenburg Equipment, Winner, Pierre, Philip, Belle Fourche SD, Wayne, Bloomfield, Harrington NE, Sundance WY....A29

H & H Spreading, Conrad MT B3

Harris Custom Swathing, Conrad MT.....B23

Heartland Ag Systems, ID, KS, MT, ND, NE, SD, WA C15

Hedman, Inc, Grass Range MT A36

Helfert’s Helena Farm Supply, East Helena MT C12

Henke Enterprises, SprayFlex & Big Dog Mowers, Chester MT A26

Henry Building Systems, Pelican Rapids MN B17

Highline Communications, Cut Bank MT B8

Hoven Equipment Co., Great Falls MT C19

Hwy 12 Equipment & Repair, Baker MT C24

Ironhide, Bobcat of Williston, Williston ND B24

J & T Equipment Sales, John Jones, Stevensville MT C2

J Bar T Bins & Steel Buildings, Jeremiah Johnson & Thad, Chester MT B17

Jamieson Motors, Inc., Chinook MT A24, C14

Jim Nielsen Trucks & Parts, Butte MT....C21

Joe Judisch Custom Swathing & Baling, Conrad MT A32

Johnsen Trailer Sales, Inc., Bismarck & Fargo ND C35

Krogmann Mfg. B6

Lane Judisch Swathing, Conrad MT B7

Lattin & Sons, Power MT A20, A32

Lee’s Trapworks, LTD, Swift Currant Canada B8

Lewistown Polaris, Lewistown MT C14

M & M Auto, Trailers, & Welding, Stevensville MT C31

M & W Machine, Three Forks MT B14

Milk River Ag, Chinook, MT A10, B10

Montana Ag Safety Program B17

Montana Farrier Supply, Livingston MT B17

Montana Fence, Billings, Bozeman, Great Falls, Kalispell MT A30, C16, C34

Montana Fiberglass Inc, Lewistown MT....A3

Montana Holster & Shoulder Rig, Norm Schertenlieb, Great Falls MT B17

Montana Metal Fabrications, Great Falls MT B2

Montana Seeds, Conrad MT B16

Mountain View Metal Works, Wilsall MT C31

MQS, Montana Quality Structures, Stevensville MT A33

MT Tractors, Matt Pendergast, Stevensville MT A32

Musselshell Valley Equipment, Roundup MT B3, B11, C21, C36

New Homes of the Future, Billings MT....B22

NorMont Equipment Co., Great Falls MT A18

North Star Equipment, John Myers, Simms MT C27

Northern Ford, Cut Bank MT C23

Northern Prairie Auto Sales, Wolf Point MT A26

Nutrien Ag Solutions, Inc, Conrad, Great Falls, Billings, Fort Benton, Belgrade, Hardin ,Chester, Shelby, MT A4

Pete’s Auto Sales, Great Falls MT C17

Platinum Auto Center, Big Timber MT....C20

Poteet Construction, Missoula MT C28

Power Motors Implement, Fort Benton MT A34

Powerhouse Equipment, Floweree MT...C10

R & L Seed & Machine LLC, Geyser MT C24

RDO Equipment, Kalispell, MT C30

RDO Equipment, Missoula MT C30

Red Iron Air, Taylor Wood, Simms MT....B20

Reddig Equipment & Repair, Kalispell MT C34

Rehbein Ford, Inc., Plains MT A19

Reinke, RPH Irrigation Services, Choteau MT A14

Rockwell Scales, Simms MT B24

Roger Rader, Inc, Sun River MT B6

Roofing By Frank Merchant, Great Falls, MT B23

RPH Irrigation Services, Reinke, Choteau MT A14

Severinsen Irrigation, Zimmatic & GSI, Fairfield MT B19

Shop Specialties, Valier MT C17

Sod Buster Sales, Polson MT C10, C35

SprayFlex, Doug Henke Chester, MT A26

Steel Etc, Great Falls MT B13

Stokes Fencing, Conrad MT B17

Sullivan Brothers Construction, Conrad MT A31

Sunrise Hoppers, Bow Island AB Canada B21

Super SmartRooms/Superform ICF, Jerry Gangstad, Avon MT A2, C6

T & T Farm Supply, LLC, Chester MT C28

Taylor Farm Store, Shelby MT C7

TCB Transport LLC, Todd Bedosky, Geyser MT B6

Tom’s Shop, Grass Range MT A28

Treasure State Seed, Fairfield MT C35

Treasure State Wood Boilers, LLC, Charley Bucklin, Bigfork, MT B24

Tri County Implement, Sidney MT B15

Triangle Ag Service, Fort Benton MT A28

Triple T Sales, Chinook MT C25

TT&E Inc, Victor MT C22

Valley Trailer Sales, Belgrade MT C26

VW Mfg, Loren Hawks, Chester MT B12

Weaver Grain Bins, Power MT C32

Westfield, Power Motors, Fort Benton MT A34

Wichman Ag Supply LLC, Hilger MT C24

Zimmatic, Severinsen Irrigation, Fairfield MT B19

Zimmerman Manure & Silage Hauling, Fairfield MT B14

Due to the Coronavirus we are unsure of business hours. So if you have questions, or want to schedule an appointment, please call or text Brian on his cell phone: 406-868-4309 between 9 am - 6 pm. Thanks!

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A techie I’m not, dear God. I tried to locate a website by putting the address in an email box instead of the browser. Not good...

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Thank you, Lord, for watching over me today when I put the TV remote in my purse instead of my cell phone.

Two $1000 scholarships awarded to NE graduates

By Chabella Guzman, communications specialist

The University of Nebraska-Lincoln Panhandle Research, Extension and Education Center is pleased to present two scholarships for $1000 to high school seniors in the Panhandle of Nebraska to further their education at the Nebraska University Campuses, including the Nebraska College of Technical Agriculture.

Scholarship winners are:

Mackenzie Liakos, a Bridgeport High School senior, will attend the University of Nebraska-Lincoln to major in Agriculture Education. She said after receiving her teaching certification, she plans to return to a rural area and be an agriculture education teacher and FFA advisor.

“I grew up on a fourth-generation family farm where we raised and fed cattle,” Liakos said. “We also grew corn, dry edible beans, and sugar beets.” She grew her sweet corn, sold it in the summer, and owns a small cattle herd.

“This scholarship is important to me because it is an investment in my future. I appreciate everything the Panhandle Research, Extension and Education Center does to engage youth in agriculture, and this scholarship is a way that I can help do the same by inspiring the next generation of leaders through agriculture education,” Liakos said.

Braelyn Shrewsbury, a senior at Alliance High School, will be attending Eastern Wyoming College to pursue a degree in Veterinary Technology. She plans to return to the Alliance area and work at Alliance Animal Clinic as a Licensed Veterinary Technician.

“My family runs a cattle operation which I spent lots of time as a kid helping out. The older I got and the more involved in sports I got, the harder it was for me to spend much time out at the family ranch, which is north of Ellsworth, Neb., She said. “FFA allowed me to compete in numerous contests giving me experiences with different career paths I may want to take.” A visit to the vet’s office set her on the path to becoming a veterinary technician.

“I went with my dad to the vet’s office to watch my horse’s teeth get floated. And I saw a tech helping out, and I was very intrigued. I asked lots of questions about what they did, which led me to get an internship opportunity at Alliance Animal Clinic,” Shrewsbury said. “This opportunity showed me exactly how it would be in the real world, and I absolutely loved it.”

The UNL Panhandle Research, Extension and Education Center Annual Student Scholarship is awarded to graduating high school seniors majoring in Agronomy, Ag Economics, Animal Science, Vet Science, Agriculture Technology, or a related degree emphasizing agriculture.

National Turkey Lovers Day

Date When Celebrated: Third Sunday in June

National Turkey Lovers Day is a special day that just had to be created. When you think about eating delicious turkey, you usually think about Thanksgiving. To millions of Americans, turkey is their favorite meal. Why then, don’t we have it more often on any of he other 364 days of the year? Perhaps, the answer is simple...we just don’t think about it. Then, along come National Turkey Lovers Day, to remind us to have it in the middle of June.

How do you celebrate National Turkey Lovers Day?

This answer to this question is quite simple. Eat turkey today. The true participant will eat turkey for both lunch and dinner. A turkey sandwich, hot or cold, along with some turkey soup is the perfect lunch time fare today. For dinner you have many more options. Chances are the weather will be hot, so you won’t want to heat up the kitchen roasting a traditional turkey dinner. We suggest you cook it outdoors: grill it, smoke it, fry it, or try a trash can turkey. Either way, it will be delicious.

The Origin of National Turkey Lovers Day: This special holiday is rather new. It was created in 2016 by the National Turkey Federation.

2018 GMC Sierra 3500HD SLE

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2017 Ford F250 XL Supercab, 4x4, long box, vinyl floor, cloth seats, 6.2 litre engine, 6 speed automatic transmission $34,999

2013 Ford F350 Supercab, 4x4 with 8-ft. Knapheide utility box and light duty crane, 6.7 liter Powerstroke diesel, new tires, great running truck $39,999

box

Legends and lore

Clover was one of the first plants cultivated by man and has been highly regarded since ancient times. The three-leaf shamrock is associated with the Christian Trinity and is the national emblem of Ireland. The rare four-leaf clover is also a Christian symbol with its four leaves representing the cross. Some claim the four-leaf clover ward off evil. Each leaf represents different aspects of happiness: one leaf for fame, the second wealth, the third a faithful lover, and the fourth excellent health. Wearing a four-leaf clover in your shoe will bring you a mate. Four-leafed clovers are well known for their luck and magical charm, but according to an old wives’ take they are not found; they make themselves known only to lucky people.

According to Christian legend, the daisy sprung from Mary’s tears during the flight into Eqypt. It has always been associated with purity innocence, and loyal love. According to German folklore, daisies picked between noon and 1 pm have magical qualities. They should be dried and carried as a good luck charm.

The name of the dandelion comes from the French term for a lion’s tooth (dentde-lion). To carry your thoughts to your

sweetheart blow the feathered seeds off the puffball. To dream of a dandelion is supposed to be bad luck.

Ivy is a lucky plant. If it is grown on a house, it protects those within from witchcraft and evil. In Christmas decorations it is as lucky to the woman as holly is to the man, the therefore should never be omitted if all the family are to share alike in the blessings of the season. The wood of the plant was supposed to have the power of separating water from wine when these were mixed together. The leaves, roots, and wood of ivy were used in a number of folk-remedies, some practical and some mainly magical.

In Greek burials, it was the custom to cover a dead body with violets as a symbol of both the beauty and the transitory nature of life. In literature, violets are often associated with modesty and simplicity.

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God, turning east when I meant to turn west took me 10 miles out of the way today. But when it comes to directions, I thank you for putting my sins as far from you as east is from west like it says in Psalm 103. That’s a good thing!

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With 2-to-3 times the normal number of bars and spikes, McFarlane’s 16-Bar Forward-Fold thoroughly breaks and stirs the soil, significantly reducing field preparation time. Depending on soil conditions, some operators use the McFarlane 16-Bar Forward-Fold alone for spring field prepar

The 16-Bar Forward-Fold Harrow is the ideal tool for shallow chemical incorporation. It provides superior coverage taking chemicals to the 1"-to-2" depth recommended by many manufacturers. The result is better incorporation and better performance from your herbicides.

for shallow chemical incorporation. It provides superior coverage taking chemicals to the 1"-to-2" depth recommended by many manufacturers. The result is better incorporation and better performance from your herbicides.

The 16-Bar Forward-Fold Harrow, built for durability and ease of operation, combines McFarlane’s long standing tradition of rugged dependability with features designed to provide maximum coverage and performance.

The 16-Bar Forward-Fold Harrow, built for durability and ease of operation, combines McFarlane’s long standing tradition of rugged dependability with features designed to provide maximum coverage and performance.

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Long hitch for easy turning

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• Excellent for leveling chisel plow ridges in spring

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2018 Versatile 320 32’ disc, 8” spacing, all NEW 22” wavy discs, rolling basket, 3-section folding.

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2013 Farm King 4490 28-ft., 9” spacing, 24” smooth front & rear, 8mm (5/16”) width, stone flex hangers, 410WSS bearings.

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low boy service

40-ton RGN trailer for hire to transport combines, tractors, sprayers, floaters, construction equipment, etc. Within Montana & surrounding states. We also have 48-ft. step deck trailers available. Insured & experienced.

Call Roger at Roger Rader Inc., Sun River, MT 406-264-5475 or 406-799-5162 (Roger’s Cell) (MC# 170263 US DOT# 128029)

BRIDGES & STORAGE CONTAINERS

Rising input costs are challenging many wheat farmers across the U.S.

Wheat growers do not need a USDA report in one hand and a slide rule in the other to conclude that escalating production costs are outpacing increases in crop revenue.

Nor do they need an economics degree to locate the heart of the matter.

“The numbers we are putting in are racing past the numbers we are getting out,” is how Oklahoma farmer Michael Peters sums it up.

The same sentiment is shared by Denise Conover, a Montana farmer who recently finished planting winter wheat. With a chance to sit down and look at her numbers, she offered “fresh off the press” examples of how input costs have swollen:

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2021 Bourgault 9130 tank (7500 acres) complete with 2017 Bourgault 3320 Parallel link drill, 86-ft. 10” spacing, mid row banders, high flotation center section, saddle tank complete with lift, X35 monitors, Intelligent Ag Blockage. 1998 Flexi-Coil 5000 57-ft. air drill, 12” spacing, 4” steel packers, 550 trips, 2320 tow between tank.

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The starter fertilizer Conover applies went from $696.10 per ton in 2021 to $1,006.35 per ton in 2022.

She paid $712.50 per ton of Urea (nitrogen fertilizer) last year compared to $843 this year.

The diesel fuel used to harvest and plant wheat on her farm rose from $2.87 a gallon to $4.80 a gallon.

“The input costs are having an effect on our whole operation,” Conover, a member of the U.S. Wheat Associates (USW) Board of Directors who farms with her two sons, said. “Yes, wheat prices are up, but not enough to cover the rising input costs.”

‘When the Price of Everything is Up’

According to USDA’s Farm Sector Income & Finances report, farm production expenses for 2022 are expected to increase by 17.8%, representing the largest year-toyear dollar increase on record. USDA forecasts expect all expense categories to move upward, with some of the most significant spikes in fertilizer-lime-soil conditioner expenses, which are forecast to increase by 52.3%, and interest expenses, which are expected to increase by more than 39%.

Ben Brown, University of Missouri senior research associate for the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute, said fertilizer is “by far the most complex market that farmers encounter currently.” Brown reported 200% to 300% increases in fertilizer costs in 2021 and the first half of 2022 due to reductions in supply and strong demand. Many of the same factors look poised to return in 2023, Brown added.

Peters, USW’s Vice Chairman, grows wheat and raises cattle. He noted that farm input costs go beyond fertilizer, seed and fuel. He pointed to rising interest rates that can be a punch to the gut for farmers who depend on loans each spring and fall to produce wheat and other crops. Supply chain woes hurt, as well. To put wheat in the ground this fall, Peters needed a part for his seeder.

“Two years ago, I had to buy the same part and it came to about $170 – this time it was well over $300, which means the price basically doubled in two years,” he explained. “All of this bites into the bottom line, and I don’t think a lot of people outside of agriculture realize it.”

Indeed, that disconnect is real.

“Everybody goes, ‘$9 wheat, you farmers must really be making tons of money,” Conover said. “But at the end of the day, when the price of everything is up, too, it turns out not to be a good economic situation.”

Value of Export Markets Emphasized American Farm Bureau Federation Economist Shelby Myers provided an overview to confirm what farmers like Peters and Conover are experiencing.

“This is leaving many farmers to question their ability to just break even this year,

despite high crop prices,” Myers noted. “While increased investment and capacity may help in the long run, in the near term, farmers are concerned about making sure they have the inputs they need to put a crop in the ground?”

Despite challenges, U.S. wheat farmers have consistently produced a high-quality crop desired by many international buyers. While export prices and lower overall production have reduced demand, U.S. wheat exports have remained in step with production – roughly 50% of the wheat grown is being shipped overseas each year.

And studies have confirmed that export market development provides a high return on investment, a fact wheat farmers recognize in difficult times.

“It is important to remind ourselves where we would be without exports and what would happen if we suddenly didn’t have export markets,” said Peters.

Still, rising input costs are – or will –force wheat farmers to make tough decisions in future planting seasons. Along with rising costs, there is also pending competition for acreage caused by growing demand for other corn and crops. For example, it is estimated there will be a need for an additional 20 million acres of soybeans in coming years to meet the needs of companies that manufacture renewable fuels.

The ultimate concern is that farmers will cut back on wheat production, threatening U.S. wheat’s worldwide reputation as the most dependable supplier.

Think Harder, Be More Efficient

Unlike other industries, the job of growing wheat has little wiggle room when it comes to production. The difference between a positive bottom line and a negative bottom line often comes down to timing and things that are out of a farmer’s control.

But farmers are pretty good at squeezing as much as they can out of that “wiggle room.”

“You can’t really cut back on inputs like fertilizer, fuel or seed – these are all things you need to plant and harvest a quality crop,” said Peters. “The good thing is that farmers are good at being efficient. In these situations, we really must think about the timing of applying fertilizer to get the best result. There was a time when we would just go out and broadcast fertilizer and not think about it all that much. But now, we put a lot of thought into the process. Not every farmer can no-till, but in areas where no-till can be done, that is a way to cut back on fuel. It’s just adjusting when and where you can.”

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An elderly couple is out on a new course. After hacking around for hours, they finally make their way to the clubhouse. After taking an exorbitant amount of time tallying up her scorecard, the wife looks at her husband and says, “What’s par on this course?” “72,” responds her husband. “Well I must be getting better,” says the gleeful woman, “I was under par on almost every hole.”

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Two players were paired up for a round at their club. They met on the first hole and exhanged pleasantries. When they finally got around to golf, the first golfer asked, “So what’s your handicap?” “Oh, I’m a scratch golfer,” said the second. Obviously impressed, the first golfer said, “Wow... that’s amazing.” “It’s really not that hard,” the second responded, “I just write down all of my good scores and scratch out the bad ones.”

I believe the Krogmann BaleBed is the most outstanding bed on the market. I like the features this bed has over the competition.”

- Roger Miller, Booker, TX

Late spring alfalfa weevil update

By Samantha Daniel, UNL

As we approach the first cutting for alfalfa across the state of Nebraska, it is important to continue to monitor your fields for alfalfa weevil.

Plant injury from alfalfa weevil feeding damage appears as pinholes in the terminal leaves, with leaves becoming skeletonized as feeding severity increases. Adult beetles are roughly 5mm in length with a blunt snout and a brown body with a darker brown stripe running down the center of the back. Larvae are 1.5mm to 8.5mm long with a black head, wrinkled green body, and white stripe running lengthwise along the top. They will curl into a C-shape when disturbed.

Scouting for Alfalfa Weevil up to and even during the first cutting can help to mitigate economic losses. First, use a sweep net to determine whether larvae are present. If larvae are present, randomly select 5 sites across the field and collect 10 stems at each site, cutting the stems at ground level. Beat the stems into a deep sided bucket, count the number of larvae to determine the average number per stem. While you are actively cutting your alfalfa field, take some time to inspect your equipment for larvae. Economic thresholds for Alfalfa Weevil can vary greatly from an average of 1-7 larvae per stem, depending on a variety of factors. Threshold tables can be found on the CropWatch website.

A variety of insecticides are labeled for alfalfa weevil control, including pyrethroids and products containing indoxacarb (such as Steward). Pyrethroids are more harmful to natural enemies of alfalfa weevil, while indoxacarb is more selective and may help to maintain beneficial insect populations. When alfalfa reaches 50% or more bud stage, it may be more profitable to cut the alfalfa early rather than treat it.

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A baby has around 30,000 taste buds. They are not just on the tongue but also on the sides, back, and roof of the mouth. Adults have about 10,000.

Milt Hartman

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Herbicide considerations when interseeding cover crops

By Jenny Rees - Extension Educator | Steve Melvin - Extension Educator Irrigated Cropping Systems | Amit Jhala - Extension Weed Management Specialist | Chris Proctor - Weed Management Extension Educator

With increasing use of cover crops for different goals, we receive more questions each year regarding potential impacts of different herbicide programs on cover crops.

When it comes to herbicides, keep in mind that herbicides have been tested for safety on the crops they are labeled for and often cover crops are not listed as a labeled crop. Thus, working with cover crops requires thinking outside the box on how to use herbicides effectively. One also needs to respect what the herbicide is labeled to do: kill weeds for foliar active herbicides and/or prevent weed seeds from emerging when applying residual herbicides. Thus, it’s important not to attempt seeding cover crops in situations where they aren’t going to succeed due to an herbicide with longer residual activity or an herbicide that may injure a specific cover crop species being considered.

The following are the herbicide programs we have used when interseeding cover crops into corn and soybean early in the growing season. This effort was a partnership amongst The Nature Conservancy, Upper Big Blue NRD, Nebraska Extension, Kelloggs, and cooperating farmers. We successfully achieved germination and establishment of a variety of interseeded cover crops (grasses, legumes, brassicas) in the

2019-2022 growing seasons in Nebraska.

Corn Herbicide Program for Drill Interseeding into V3-V4 Corn

We have utilized PRE- herbicides at the recommended label rate. PRE’s included a variety of products (Table 1).

By the time the corn was V3-V4, the PRE herbicide residual was no longer impacting the seeding zone (1/4-inch to one inch) for the interseeded cover crops.

Often the day before, day of, or day after interseeding cover crops, producers applied: glyphosate, dicamba (often Status®), Liberty® or a combination of products with no issues.

One grower conducted an herbicide comparison between a full rate of generic Lexar® PRE- vs. split applied. The split application applied half the rate PRE and the other half rate was applied seven days prior to interseeding. In that case, every species still emerged but growth was thin compared to the full rate of product applied PRE-plant. This video shows what he learned.

None of the growers chose this option, but for those desiring a residual herbicide, a Group 15 product (ex. Zidua®, Outlook®, Warrant®, Dual®) can be used once the cover crop is at least one inch tall as this herbicide mode of action has little to no postemergence activity.

Soybean

Herbicide Program for Drill Interseeding into VC Soybean

Of note on this study, we used winter wheat as a cover crop species. Had it survived the growing season into the fall, that can be problematic creating a “green bridge” for the wheat curl mite in areas where wheat is often planted. In our stud-

ies, the winter wheat died during July, but if one wishes to err on the side of caution, a different grass species can be interseeded (or just interseed red/white clover) in areas where higher acres of wheat are planted.

Soybean PRE- emergence herbicide was only used if it was applied at least three

Outdoor plant containers

Choosing a container for plants is important. Plastic pots are cheap, light, and durable and they keep the soil moist; however, they can turn brittle and crack.

Terra-cotta pots are made from baked clay and are very attractive; however, they are heavy, break easily, and are subject to frost damage.

Glass fiber containers have a wide variety of molds and colors. They can look like stone but are much lighter. They are strong, durable, and repairable, but are expensive.

Reconstituted stone pots are crushed stone molded into shape. Imitation classical urns and vases are very attractive but extremely heavy and should be use with caution in roof gardens or balconies.

If using new concrete plant containers, leave them outdoors for a few weeks to weather fully, as some concrete can contain setting agents that may be harmful to plants.

Wooden half barrels are useful plant containers. Line the barrels with strong plastic to stop the compost from coming in contact with the wood. Make drainage holes both in the plastic and the barrel.

When using heavy plant containers, make sure to position them in their intended final sites before filling, as they are difficult to move. If they do have to be moved, put length of old scaffolding pipes under the pot to use as rollers.

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#####

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Herbicide considerations when interseeding cover crops

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weeks before interseeding the cover crop (Table 2). Otherwise, only a burndown of glyphosate and/or dicamba could be used before planting soybean.

Cover crop of wheat and red clover was interseeded into VC or V2 soybean. Warm conditions allowed the wheat to emerge within three days. In both fields, no POST

herbicide was used.

Neither grower chose this option, but for those desiring a residual herbicide, a Group 15 product (ex. Zidua®, Outlook®, Warrant®, Dual®) can be used once the cover crop is at least one inch tall as this herbicide mode of action has little to no postemergence activity.

Soybean Study with Wheat Planting Timing for Weed Control

A study was conducted at UNL’s South Central Ag Lab where wheat was planted on April 4 and then soybean was planted a month later on May 4. Prefix® (Dual II

Magnum® + Fomesafen) was applied at 2.5 pint/acre + Metribuzin 75DF at 6 oz/ acre after planting soybean when wheat was green and actively growing. No injury on wheat was observed (Figure 2).

The same study had wheat seeded at the same time of soybean planting on May 4. Sharpen® was applied PRE at 1 fl oz/ac after wheat and soybean planting on the same day. No injury on wheat or soybean was noticed and a combination of Sharpen® and wheat provided excellent control of waterhemp and Palmer amaranth (Figure 3). The photo was taken two weeks after applying Sharpen®.

Interseeding Late in the Season at Corn and Soybean Senescence

Because residual herbicides would have broken down other than for extremely dry conditions, we don’t have additional herbicide considerations for broadcast interseeding cover crops during corn and soybean senescence. The Guide for Weed, Disease and Insect Management also shares Replant Options and Rotation Restrictions for some cover crop species and is a resource in addition to the herbicide label.

Overwintering Cover Crop Survival and Herbicides

Some cover crop species are planted the previous year with the goal of them overwintering to the next spring. Reasons for this can include providing weed and/or soil erosion control, grazing and nitrogen. Some growers have desired for specific cover crop species to survive herbicide applications, while other growers have asked what specific herbicides will kill specific cover crop species.

For example, some growers who planted cereal rye and hairy vetch together wanted to know how to terminate the rye without terminating the vetch. The goal was to allow the vetch to gain more biomass and produce more nitrogen for the corn crop. The farmers we cooperated with found the cereal rye can be terminated using glyphosate at 22-24 fl oz/ac, which we’ve found doesn’t kill the hairy vetch. The hairy vetch can then be terminated with a POST- herbicide application containing an HPPD inhibitor (Group 27 herbicide such as Callisto®, Laudis®, Impact®/Armezon®).

Figure 1. Soybean fields with wheat and red clover interseeded at different row spacings and timings. (Photos by Jenny Rees)

Figure 2. Wheat planted one month prior to soybean planting.

Figure 3. Wheat planted the same day as planting soybean. This study was conducted at UNL’s South Central Ag Lab. (Photos by Amit Jhala)

Herbicide considerations when interseeding cover crops

CONTINUED FROM PAGE B10

Figure 4 was developed based on Jenny Rees’ observations of herbicide interactions with overwintering cover crops that were interseeded in June of the previous growing season. This is based on the springs of 2021 and 2022 with fields located in Clay, Hamilton, York and Seward counties in silt-loam or silty clay-loam soils. These observations may not hold true for other field locations and/or other soil textures. These are observations and no specific research of specific herbicides on specific cover crops was done to formulate Figure 4.

Summary

Many herbicide labels do not contain specific information for cover crops, yet it is important to consult the herbicide label

to doublecheck.

It’s also important to view the labels for any grazing restrictions. A quick reference can be found in the Forage, Feed and Grazing Restrictions for Row Crop Herbicides regarding the herbicides applied to the corn and soybean crop when a cover crop is also growing.

Using cover crops in corn and soybean cropping systems takes more management and considering herbicide options is important.

The suggestions contained in this article are based on what we’ve tried via on-farm research in farmers’ fields and not based on specific herbicide-related research. Results may vary based on location.

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Figure 4. Impact of spring 2021 and 2022 herbicides on cover crops interseeded in June of the previous year that survived the winter.

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Beatie tops Dawson County 4-H meats contest

Preston Beattie of Sumner was the gold medal winner in the Dawson County 4-H Meats Contest conducted May 15th at Plum Creek Market Place in Lexington, according to Dawson County 4-H Meats Coach Curt Rickertsen of Lexington.

Other meats contest medal winners were Bart Beattie of Sumner, silver medal; and Parker Walahoski of Overton, bronze medal. Ribbon awards included:

Purple ribbons went to Bart Beattie, Preston Beattie, Parker Walahoski, and Jaelin Wolfinger of Lexington.

Blue ribbons were awarded to Greta Rickertsen of Lexington, Lorelai Rickertsen of Lexington, Nevaeh Sauer of Lexington, and Paige Walahoski, of Overton.

Red ribbons went to Leah Sauer of

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Lexington; and Bristol McConville of Lexington.

Sumner Livestock 4-H Club was the top meats judging team with members Bart Beattie, Preston Beattie, Parker Walahoski, Paige Walahoski, and Jaelin Wolfinger and will be recognized on the Alan Menke Memorial Plaque. Second place team consisted of Greta Rickertsen, Lorelai Rickertsen, Leah Sauer, Neveah Sauer, and Bristol McConville of Horseshoe Bend 4-H Club.

The 4-H’ers were given a written exam that tested their knowledge of general meats, practical food safety and 25 retail cuts of meat to identify according to Rickertsen, who oversaw the contest. The staff of Plum Creek Market Place meat department provided the cuts for the contest.

Consumers feeling the meat price sticker shock have ways to save

By Aimee Nielson, University of Kentucky

Grocery and gas prices are on the rise, and sticker-shocked consumers are looking for ways to cope and stick to their budgets. University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment meat scientist Gregg Rentfrow and agricultural economist Kenny Burdine recently offered some insight into the situation and how to deal with it.

“Spikes in fuel costs cause everything to go up,” Rentfrow said. “But also, we have to think about labor and higher production and transportation costs. The cost of corn and grain is high and what do we feed livestock? We feed them grain. So, there are many factors that go into the reason you’re seeing higher prices for meat at the grocery store.”

The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Retail Report showed the beef retail price was up 15% from the same time last year. For specifics, access the report here: https://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/ lswbfrtl.pdf

Rentfrow explained that animal supply is another complicating factor leading to the rise in price as the industrystill hasn’t quite recovered from the nationwide labor shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic.

“It’s like a perfect storm of everything

happening and then you throw in the recordhigh fuel prices we are all dealing with, and we have to find ways to cut corners and save some money,” Rentfrow said. “A lot of packers are holding supply in cold storage and there’s a lot of speculation as to why they are doing that when we have the demand.”

He said holding meat in cold storage is a way to hedge against summer demand.

“We tend to have more of a demand for meat, especially the middle meats, because summer is grilling season, so retailers may be stockpiling stuff to release this summer and guard against having a big crash in prices.”

Burdine said rising fuel prices and general inflation impacts consumer purchasing power, which affects meat consumption.

“The more expensive meats tend to see the biggest impact in a situation like this,” he said. “Beef is typically more impacted than pork or chicken. In the past, I’ve also seen consumers trend toward buying lowervalue cuts within a species, such as buying more ground beef, less steak.”

Renfrow said consumers don’t always have to choose lower-value cuts when plan-

These Dawson County 4-H’ers earned ribbons for participating in the 2023 4-H Meats Contest at Plum Creek Market Place recently. Pictured are: (front row, left to right) Jaelin Wolfinger, Lexington; Paige Walahoski, Overton; Bristol McConville; Lexington; and Nevaeh Sauer, Lexington; (back row, left to right) Greta Rickertsen, Lexington; Leah Sauer, Lexington; Lorelai Rickertsen, Lexington; Parker Walahoski, Overton; Bart Beattie, Sumner; and Preston Beattie, Sumner. Photo courtesy of Dawson County Extension.

Consumers feeling the meat price sticker shock have ways to save

ning meals for the family on a budget or when dining out.

“This is where I draw on my 14 years of working in grocery stores and retail meat cutters,” he said. “Buying in bulk does help save, but some people are intimidated by buying large quantities or large cuts. For example, buying a whole pork loin can save you some money, and what a lot of folks don’t know is that you can ask the meat cutter at the store to cut it down into smaller cuts and then, you can get several meals out of that one pork loin.”

Rentfrow said even most club stores will cut the bulk packages into smaller ones for consumers. He said consumers can also break it down into smaller packages at home and use a home vacuum sealer to keep meat fresh longer in the freezer.

Some of the larger steaks, like T-bones and sirloins, are actually big enough to feed more than one person.

“If I’m going out to dinner, I can get a porterhouse steak, which contains a filet minion and a typical New York strip steak,” he said. “So, it can feed both of us and we’ve saved a little money in the process. You can

do that at home as well. One other thing is that ribeye steaks are great, but don’t forget about the less expensive chuck eye steak.”

Rentfrow also mentioned a few other tactics for saving at the grocery store including taking advantage of coupons, utilizing store loyalty programs and shopping alone with a shopping list.

“The inflationary pressure being seen across most all segments of our economy is real,” Burdine said. “While there is potential for consumer demand to be negatively impacted by decreased purchasing power going forward, the supply picture is going to get even tighter. Dry weather in much of the country, combined with high input costs and strong cull cow values continue to lead to decreases in beef cow numbers. Tightening cattle supplies will mean reductions in beef production in the coming years.”

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If you do the things that are easier first, then you can actually make a lot of progress.

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CONTINUED FROM PAGE B16

“Nitrogen deficiency shows as uniform, yellow discoloration on lower, older leaves first. Sulfur deficiency also causes uniform yellowing but shows up on upper, younger leaves first,” Jones said.

More detailed descriptions and pictures of nutrient deficiency symptoms are available at landresources. montana.edu/soilfertility/ nutrientdeficient.

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Generally, Jones said, a rescue treatment for nitrogen is 10 to 20 units (pounds per acre) of nitrogen applied as 28% or 32% urea ammonium nitrate solution (3 to 6 gallons per acre). Urea ammonium nitrate provides immediately available nitrogen (nitrate and ammonium) in addition to urea, which will convert to ammonium within several days to a couple weeks of application.

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A rescue treatment for sulfur is to apply three to five units of sulfur as granular ammonium sulfate (21-00-24) or as a liquid sulfate formulation. Jones added that ammonium sulfate is a good option when it is difficult to determine which nutrient is lacking, as it can help with both nitrogen and sulfur deficiencies.

Jones cautioned that foliar applications could cause leaf burn.

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“Streamer bars minimize burn and are preferred if more than 25 units of nitrogen are applied. The risk of burn increases when herbicides, fungicides, surfactants or sulfur are included in a mix with nitrogen. In these cases, don’t exceed 15 units of nitrogen if applied with a flat fan nozzle,” Jones said. “Burn should not be an issue if nitrogen is put through a pivot because the nitrogen concentration in the irrigation water will be very low.”

Broadcast applications are best followed by a half-inch of irrigation or rainfall within a couple of days to minimize nitrogen loss as ammonia gas and to force nitrogen into the root zone, Jones said.

“This is also true for foliar applications because only a small portion is absorbed through the leaf,” he said. “The rest needs to be washed off and moved into the soil to be taken up by roots.”

Individuals can contact a crop adviser or local Extension agent for help making fertilizer decisions. Questions about soil fertility may also be directed to Jones at clainj@ montana.edu or 406-9946076 or addressed by visiting the MSU Extension soil fertility website at landresources. montana.edu/soilfertility/.

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Highlights of feedlot implant labeling changes coming

By Alfredo DiCostanzo, Nebraska Extension Educator products

Note: Mention of trade names and growth-promoting implant manufacturers in this publication is necessary as FDA approvals are specific to trade names and manufacturers.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is updating information to beef cattle producers concerning a group of growthpromoting implant products (implants) that do not specify on the labeling whether reimplantation is approved. Three important developments must be considered by all cattle producers:

A document (letter) released on December 10, 2021 provides the basis for implant labeling clarification to the industry.

In this document, the FDA set June 2023 as the target date for the sponsors of the group of implant products without specified labeling on reimplantation to begin introducing updated labeling regarding reimplantation within a production phase. (Production phases are outlined in graphics and tables below)

In August of 2022, specific products manufactured by Zoetis received approval from FDA on expanded labels for beef implant

(Zoetis Receives Expanded Labels for Beef Implant Products | Zoetis US).

Production phases, as defined in the Cattle Feeding Variants and Variant Subsets (from CVM GFI #191 Changes to Approved NADAs - New NADAs vs. Category II Supplemental NADAs | FDA), are the boundaries within which a specific implant product is approved for. From FDA Letter to Industry on Beef Cattle Ear Implants: It is important to note that reimplantation across production phases is not affected by these pending label changes. Beef cattle are and will still be allowed to receive multiple implants across different phases of production when using implants approved for that specific phase. Cattle can also receive more than one implant within a production phase, but only if that implant is approved for repeated administration. Figure 1 below depicts the general growth sequence of a given calf from birth to harvest. Figure 2 below depicts production phases as described in the Cattle Feeding Variants and Variant Subsets (from FDA GFI 191; CVM Guidance for Industry #191).

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From FDA Letter to Industry on Beef Cattle Ear Implants: It is important to note that reimplantation across production phases is not affected by these pending label changes. Beef cattle are and will still be allowed to receive multiple implants across different phases of production when using implants approved for that specific phase. Cattle can also receive more than one implant within a production phase, but only if that implant is approved for repeated administration.

Colors in Figures 1 and 2 are meant to represent matching phases between the ones occurring in the industry and those described by FDA GFI 191; CVM Guidance for Industry #191. Within the calfhood phase (suckling), FDA recognizes two subsets: “Less than 2 months of age”, and “2 months of age and older”. Also, FDA recognizes a “Growing in drylot” phase; but currently, there are no growth-promotion implants approved for this phase. Therefore, interpreting reimplanting under FDA production phases leads to group “Backgrounding” in Figure 1 under “Growing in grow yard for slaughter” in Figure 2 (this is emphasized by matching color background in Figures 1 and 2), which is considered a single phase of production under: “Growing in confinement for slaughter”.

The reader is encouraged to review and understand the similarities and differences between depictions of production phases in Figures 1 and 2. Items to note:

FDA recognizes only one phase of production encompassing backgrounding and finishing.

Effectively, a backgrounding phase, as known to the cattle industry, fits only under “Growing in grow yard for slaughter”. Therefore, cattle under this production phase are considered by FDA as cattle “Growing in confinement for slaughter”.

Therefore, unless product application sequence (reimplantation) is approved by FDA after June 2023, no reimplantation is permitted within this combined production phase.

Table 1 following was conceived with the following thoughts in mind:

Each production phase is depicted according to FDA GFI 191; CVM Guidance for Industry #191 and using the basic hormonal compound each product is comprised of.

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Colors in Figures 1 and 2 are meant to represent matching phases between the ones common in the cattle industry and those described by FDA GFI 191; CVM Guidance for Industry #191.

FDA recognizes two subsets for suckling calves: “Less than 2 months of age”, and “2 months of age and older” (Synovex® C is the only implant approved for calves 45 days or older; Component® E-C and Synovex® One Grower are approved for calves 2 months of age or older)

FDA recognizes a “Growing in drylot” phase but there are no growth-promotion implants approved for this phase.

Commercial products listed within each production phase are intended to represent single not sequential implant application (reimplantation) unless clearly specified within the footnotes.

The phase: “Growing steers/heifers in a drylot” has no specific implant products approved for it but was left in the Table to emphasize this observation.

Therefore, using two implant products in sequence (reimplanting) for cattle fed in confinement for slaughter “in group pens and fed a progressively high-energy diet ad libitum as their sole ration until slaughter” (backgrounding or finishing) will only be on label if implant products selected are approved for reimplantation.

Figure 1. Depiction of sequential production phases from suckling calf to finishing cattle as it occurs in the industry. Note, in some cases, cattle may not go through a “stocker” phase; instead going directly to a drylot after weaning. In most cases, cattle receive a high-forage diet during backgrounding, which gradually changes to a high-grain diet during finishing. Each phase, as outlined here, may occur within one or several owner

Figure 2. Production phases as described in the Cattle Feeding Variants and Variant Subsets (from FDA GFI 191; CVM Guidance for Industry #191).

Root rot management in field peas

By Michael Wunsch, Ph.D., Plant Pathologist, North Dakota State University, Carrington Research Extension Center

Collaborative field pea disease management research conducted by the Carrington, Hettinger and Williston research centers from 2014-2022 suggests that it may be possible to achieve commercially acceptable field pea yields under significant root rot pressure through the combined use of early planting, fungi- cide seed treatment, and a six-year crop rotation.

Planting field peas early conferred average yield gains of 4 to 8 bushels/acre across multi-year, multi-location studies conducted in fields with significant Aphanomyces and Fusarium root rot pressure. In planting date studies conduct- ed from 2017-2020 at Carrington and on-farm sites in westcentral and northwest- ern North Dakota, root rot severity (assessed at mid-vegetative growth) in- creased sharply with delays in planting. Root rot severity was minimized when peas were planted into soils that averaged (across day and night) less than 50°F at seeding depth (2 inches) in the 7 days after planting. Emergence suffered in very cold soils, and yield was maximized at soil temperatures of 45 to 50°F (average, across day and night, at a 2-inch depth over the first 7 days after planting). Planting within these target soil temperatures is possible with knowledge of current daytime and night time temperatures combined with the current 7 to 10-day forecast.

Use of a fungicide seed treatment conferred average gains of 4 to 6 bushels/ acre in early-planted peas across multi-year, multi-location studies conducted in fields with significant Aphanomyces and Fusarium root rot pressure. Strong, consistent gains from fungicide seed treatment were observed when soil tempera- tures averaged less than 55°F (average, day and night, at a 2-inch depth) over the first 7 days after planting, and seed treatments mitigated the emergence problems associated with planting into very cold soils (<45°F).

Multiple fungicide seed treatments representing all major manufacturers were tested, and all products tested that contained active ingredients with efficacy against Pythium and Rhizoctonia performed similarly. Laboratory testing for Aphanomyces and Fusarium confirmed the contribution of these pathogens to root rot symptoms observed in these studies at mid-vegetative growth. Testing was not conducted for Pythium or Rhizoctonia, but the strong response to seed treatment observed when soils were cool suggests that both of these pathogens may be contributing to root rot complex in problem fields.

In the seventh year of a long-term crop rotation study conducted in a field with severe Aphanomyces and Fusarium root rot pressure in Carrington, commercially acceptable field pea yields (49 bu/ac) were obtained when a six-year rotation was combined with fungicide seed treatment and early planting (45-50°F average soil temperatures in the 7 days after planting). Peas were planted just as the first producers in the area were beginning to plantwheat. The six-year rotation (five years out of peas) conferred a 9-bushel yield gain versus a 3-year rotation (pea / wheat / wheat), and the six-year rotation conferred a 11-bushel yield gain versus a 2-year rotation (pea / wheat). Crop rotation was critical for achieving satisfactory yields but insufficient as a stand-alone management tool. In the same study, peas in the six-year rotation yielded 44 bu/ac without fungicide seed treatment. If planting had been delayed 7-10 days until wheat planting was mostly finished, yields would likely have been 35-40 bu/ ac with the same rotation.

In the same crop rotation study, a four-year crop rotation (pea/wheat/wheat/wheat, pea/wheat/canola/ wheat, or pea/ wheat/flax/wheat) did not confer commercially acceptable field pea yields. With fungicide seed treatment, field pea yields averaged 25 bu/ac across three different four-year rotations in 2022 and 37 bu/ac across two different four-year rotations in 2020. However, planting was conducted into relatively warm soils both years. Average soil temperature was approx. 56°F in 2022 and 50.5°F in 2018 (average at 2-inch depth, day and night over the 7 days after planting, estimated from the NDAWN station located 2,000 feet away). Yields would likely have been much higher with earlier planting.

A PDF with user-friendly slides illustrating major results from these studies is available on the NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center website. Search for ‘NDSU Carrington Plant Pathology’ or navigate to https:// www.ndsu. edu/agriculture/ag-hub/research-extension-centers-recs/ carrington-rec/research/plant- pathology.

The deadline for advertising in the July 2023 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be June 23rd Phone (406) 271-5533 or email: advertising @tradersdispatch.com

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Highlights of feedlot implant labeling changes coming

CONTINUED FROM PAGE B18

For a given production phase, please review the entire column for product choices approved for single or sequential application (reimplantation) within that phase.

Concurrently, not listing a product under a given production phase (blank cells) does not mean that products that are approved for that production phase do not exist (see note 5 above).

Lastly, products listed across production phases on the same row are not intended to be construed as implanting strategies across

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production phases (listing these products within a given cell was for convenience in saving space).

Producers are encouraged to visit with professionals who sell and support the sale of implants to better understand what situations will lead to on or off-label use of implants starting June 1 of 2023. Producers are also welcome to reach me at the Cuming County Extension office regarding a specific situation your operation may be considering.

Table 1. Comprehensive list of approved implants available as of May 2023 to the cattle industry. Products are listed based on active compounds; remaining column headings are intended to represent production phases according to FDA GFI 191; CVM Guidance for Industry #191. Note: Mention of trade names and growthpromoting implant manufacturers in this publication is necessary as FDA approvals are specific to trade names and manufacturers. Within a production phase, only one implant application is approved unless specified. When choosing an implant product for a given phase, please review the entire column listing for product choices. Similarly, choices of implant products between phases are independent. Within “Growing steers/heifers in confinement for slaughter”, reimplanting is approved only with approved products as described within that phase in this table. Reimplantation across production phases is permitted. Please note sequence of implant products listed within a row should not be construed as a suggested implant strategy. For additional guidance on how to use this table, please see instructions in the text.

Raising beef sustainably

By Lisa Moser, K-State Research and Extension news service

When making a recipe, the quality of the ingredients and how they are managed in the cooking process can have an impact on the palatability of the final dish.

In much the same way, how beef cattle are raised and how the resources are managed can have a big impact on a beef producer’s economic viability, said the experts at the Kansas State University Beef Cattle Institute.

Speaking on a recent Cattle Chat podcast, the team joined with Kansas Beef Council dietician and director of nutrition Abby Heidari to visit about how different audiences define sustainability.

“For the beef producer, sustainability is tied to resource use and efficiency,” said Phillip Lancaster, beef cattle nutritionist. “The more efficiently cattle producers use their resources, the more they can reduce the input costs per unit of production.”

Agricultural economist Dustin Pendell added: “Producers need to be able to make a profit to be economically sustainable.”

Pendell said ways that cattle producers can help meet that goal of economic sustainability include land use management and reproductive efficiencies, among others.

Heidari said the consumer may view sustainability differently, as some people are interested in eating plant-based foods and reducing food waste.

“From a consumer perspective, we try to show how cattle can provide protein and micronutrients that are more digestible to humans than a plant-based alternative,” Heidari said.

She said that many consumers she engages with are concerned about greenhouse gas emissions.

“The single most impactful thing we can do as consumers to reduce our individual greenhouse gas emissions is to find ways to minimize food waste,” Heidari said.

She said beef cattle are able to help with that goal because they can eat by-products that people cannot, which reduces food waste. This concept is called upcycling.

“Upcycling is when cattle consume nutrients from plants with poor ability to meet human needs and convert those nutrients into beef which is a high-quality protein source,” Lancaster said.

He explained that because cattle are ruminants (meaning they have four compartments to their stomach), they are able to consume forages and other food waste byproducts from food processing businesses and convert them to a high-quality protein that people can eat.

“Some of this food waste would otherwise go to the landfill and that creates methane,” Heidari said.

Students tackle global food insecurity in Nebraska competition

By Chabella Guzman, communications specialist, UNL

The World Food Prize Western Nebraska Youth Institute celebrated a day of agriculture, education, and some young scholars on April 24 at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Panhandle Research Extension and Education Center (PREEC) in Scottsbluff.

Students studied food insecurity in various countries and presented their findings and solutions to a panel of PREEC researchers.

“I thought it was an interesting project to take part in, and it was something I’d never heard of before,” said Morgan Lile, a student at Ogallala High School. “My country was Fiji, and I chose sustainable agriculture. And just how certain practices are kind of harmful that they are doing currently. I presented some ways to help prevent that harm to the ecosystem and help hunger.”

The students studied their chosen countries and the issues they were facing in food insecurity. They found solutions were not easy.

“So, how do we do that in a sustainable way so we continue to feed people now to 9.7 billion people in 2050,” said Renee Donner, UNL Agricultural Leadership, Education and Communication, and World Prize Nebraska Youth Institute coordinator. “They are also tackling issues on climate change and conflict in Brazil, so not only talking about the production side of global food security but also social determinants of food security.”

Students spent the afternoon participating in hands-on activities at the 21st Century STEM trailer, learning more about technology, and making farmers’ lives easier.

Dezyrae Hausmann, of Alliance sat in the seat of a riding lawnmower as it drove through cones and then among fellow students demonstrating driverless technology. At the end of the course, she stopped the lawnmower and turned it around, much like a farmer would do in a field.

The students also joined Vesh Raj Thapa, a postdoctoral research associate at the PREEC Soils Fertility Lab. He discussed different soils, the importance of soil fertility, and how they measured moisture in the soil.

The Husker Beef Lab was also in the parking lot, where the students learned about the diets of cattle diets from Karla Wilke, Nebraska Extension cow-calf specialist.

“We learned a little about the stomach and digestive system, and they eat a lot of unusable bi-products,” Lile said.

To get a better picture of the inside of cattle, the students each had the opportunity to interact with a fistulated steer.

“We stuck our hand in the rumen and got to feel all this really interesting stuff. It was so cool. It was also surprising I didn’t expect to feel its heartbeat through its stomach,” she said.

The day cumulated in the awards ceremony, with each student getting a certificate, recognizing them as Borlaug Scholars.

“We’re hoping that they really can take away some tangible efforts that they can do in their own communities, even if they don’t want to go on and have a background in global food security,” said Donner.

To learn more about the World Food Prize Western Nebraska Youth Institute, visit http://casnr.unl.edu/worldfoodprize.

Root rot management in field peas

CONTINUED FROM PAGE B19

Follow-up research is planned to determine the frequency with which commercially acceptable field pea yields can be achieved relative to crop rotation interval, soil temperature, and use of a fungicide seed treatment. Testing is planned for 12 fields in Carrington and Williston with root rot problems stemming from a long history of field pea and lentil production: 3 fields with a relatively tight rotation (2 years out of peas or lentils), 3 fields with a moderate rotation (3 years out of peas or lentils), and 6 fields with a long rotation (6 or more years out of peas or lentils). Testing will be conducted with and without fungicide seed treatment at four planting dates approximately a week apart, with the first seeding conducted as soon as wheat planting begins in the area and with one date corresponding to target 45-50 degrees Fahrenheit soil temperature.

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What are feral swine

Feral swine are the same species, Sus scrofa, as pigs that are found on farms. Feral swine are descendants of escaped or released pigs. Feral swine are called by many names including; wild boar, wild hog, razorback, piney woods rooter, and Russian or Eurasian boar. No matter the name they are a dangerous, destructive, invasive species.

Longer than they are tall feral swine are much larger than collared peccary/javelina.

Hoof tracks in the mud near springs, ponds, and streams

Collared Peccary aka “javelina” are smaller than feral swine, with a square build, distinct lighter collar of fur and no tail.

History of feral swine in the Americas

Feral swine were first brought to the United States in the 1500s by early explorers and settlers as a source of food. Repeated introductions occurred thereafter. The geographic range of this destructive species is rapidly expanding and its populations are increasing across the nation.

Feral swine often look very similar to domestic hogs, but are generally thinner with thicker hides of coarse bristly hair and longer tusks. Because of their extensive crossbreeding, feral swine vary in color and coat pattern, including combinations of white, black, brown, and red. Piglets are often striped or spotted, but lose this coloration as they mature. Some look like pure Russian or Eurasian wild boars, while others look more like domestic pigs. Feral swine should not be confused with the collared peccary (javelina), a native pig-like mammal of the American Southwest which is generally much smaller than feral swine (15-25 lbs.), and silver-grey to black in color with a defined lighter colored collar.

Adult feral swine weigh between 75 and 250 pounds on average, but some can get twice as large. This invasive species can reach 3 feet in height and 5 feet in length. Males (boars) are larger than females (sows).

Feral swine are muscular and strong, and can run up to 30 miles per hour. Like deer and domestic pigs, feral swine have cloven hooves. Although feral swine tracks look similar to deer tracks, they have a blunter tipped toe, and their tracks have a square shape, compared to the pointed heart-shaped tracks of deer.

Feral swine can breed year-round and can have up to two litters of 4 to 12 piglets per year. Since they become sexually mature at 6 to 8 months of age, feral swine populations have the potential to double in size in four months, which is why population management is so important.

Feral swine generally travel in family groups, called sounders, composed of two or more adult sows and their young. Sounders can vary in size, including a few individuals to as many as 30 members. Adult boars usually live alone or in bachelor groups, only joining a sounder to breed. Because they are usually active at night, feral swine are less frequently seen during daylight hours, particularly in hot, humid climates. It may be easiest to identify feral swine in your area by looking for signs of damage.

Specific signs which indicate the presence of feral swine include:

Extensive rooting or digging, which generally occurs as feral swine search for food

Muddy wallows, especially in moist areas during warmer months

Tree rubbing, which often occurs after wallowing

Tunnels and trails leading through thick vegetation

Scat, which resembles dog feces and may contain partially digested remnants of acorns, grains, and the hair, scales, or feathers of animals that they have eaten Feral Swine track, note the rounded shape of the hoof print.

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Deer Track, note the pointed heart shape of the hoof print.

In 2014, USDA created a new program in APHIS to manage feral swine and reduce the damage they cause to agriculture, property, natural resources, and human health. USDA presently estimates that feral swine cause upwards of 2.5 billion in damage to agriculture, natural resources, and personal property annually.

The Feral Swine Eradication and Control Pilot Program (FSCP) is a program authorized by the 2018 Farm Bill. In addition to the existing program, the pilot program specifically targets areas with high feral swine populations, mostly in the southeastern United States. The Farm Bill provides that FSCP be implemented jointly by USDA’s Animal and Plant Health and Inspection Service (APHIS) and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). Total funding for the program is $75 million for the life of the current Farm Bill and is divided evenly between the APHIS and NRCS.

Pilot Projects

The activities of FSCP are being conducted in areas where feral swine have been identified as a threat, as determined by the Secretary.

USDA originally identified 20 projects in ten States (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Oklahoma, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas) with the highest feral swine populations for initial pilot projects. In FY21, two more states, Hawaii and Missouri joined the FSCP program adding four more project areas. Alabama, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas added an additional 10, bringing the total project areas to 34. APHIS and NRCS State level staff worked together with the State Technical Committees to identify pilot projects broadly defined by a geographic area. Project areas were based on biological factors (e.g., watersheds, resource) to enhance operational control and include natural boundaries or other factors (e.g., project size) that will hinder rapid reinvasion of feral swine from surrounding areas.

North Dakota pastureland values increase in 2023

North Dakota pastureland values were up 17.1% from 2022 to 2023 while pastureland rents were up 7.1% during the same time, says Bryon Parman, North Dakota State University (NDSU) Extension agricultural finance specialist.

Data for pastureland rents and values are from the North Dakota County Rents and Prices Annual Survey, found online at https://www.land.nd.gov/resources/northdakota-county-rents-prices-annual-survey, and then put into weighted averages and NDSU Extension regions. The northern Red River Valley, southern Red River Valley and northeastern regions of North Dakota are excluded from the analysis due to low numbers of pastureland sales and rents as well as low livestock numbers.

“Of the more prominent livestock regions in North Dakota, the southeastern region had the costliest pastureland at $1,910 per acre, up 23.3% from a year ago, which was the largest gain,” says Parman. “However, while the southeastern region had the largest increase, all areas were up over 13% as far as pastureland values.”

The smallest increase was the north-central region up 13.9% from $890 per acre to $1,014 per acre. The other NDSU Extension regions saw increases between 14.9% and 17%.

Rents for pastureland were up as well.

“Pastureland rents are low in terms of dollars per acre compared to cropland values, so a $1 or $2 per acre change in the data can have a significant impact on the percentage changes, such as the northwestern region, which went from $10 per acre to $12 per acre,” explains Parman. “Therefore, the percentage changes in rental rates should be viewed with caution. However, the fact that pasture rents were up across the board and accompany a large increase in pastureland values, it is a justified conclusion that pastureland rents are increasing in North Dakota.”

The costliest rents in the state tends to be in the southeastern region at $34 per acre where stocking rates are a bit more dense, with the least costly being in the northwestern region where stocking rates tend to be lower.

The 17.1% increase in pastureland values is the largest single year increase in more than a decade. This increase is larger than that of 2014 and 2015 when feeder cattle prices hit record highs. Though cattle prices have been relatively strong over the last year or two, it has come with high feed costs as feed grain commodity prices have remained high.

“High feed costs may be partially driving pastureland prices as producers search for alternatives to buying feed for livestock, hoping instead to use grass as an alternative,” concludes Parman.

First cutting alfalfa

By Todd Whitney, UNL

Since our 2023 accumulated growing degree days have pegged 650 GDD’s, now is the time to harvest your first cutting alfalfa. Moving forward, if the first cutting is delayed after one-tenth bloom or later; then, potential alfalfa regrowth will be removed with the first cutting; thus, delaying the next hay crop. This cutting timing strategy provides a compromise between maximizing forage production versus retaining nutritional quality which declines as alfalfa stems mature.

In fields, where irrigation has not been an option, lack of soil moisture will likely result in disappointing first cutting forage yields. In addition to drought, insect damage may have caused premature leaf loss; thus, requiring early cutting before alfalfa crown regrowth or one-tenth bloom to salvage what remains.

For other parts of the state, recent rainfall and warm weather may have stimulated rapid alfalfa growth; this means those needing dairy quality forage may need to cut hay soon. First cutting alfalfa hay quality declines quicker compared to the second, third, or fourth cuttings.

For those wanting to maximize quantity and replenish hay reserves, delaying harvest just a little longer until almost full bloom will likely result in higher yields. Alfalfa will be more efficient using available soil moisture if cutting is delayed until bloom but likely reduce total season cuttings. If your operation needs more roughage tonnage, delaying cutting for higher yield and lower quality is better. However, if higher protein content is needed, then earlier cutting will produce a higher quality hay. Remember, though, that continually cutting alfalfa at the early pre-bud stage will weaken plants and potentially increase weedy conditions.

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Rockwell Scales

What are feral swine

CONTINUED FROM PAGE B22

APHIS funding is being delivered through operational control efforts implemented directly by the agency personnel. APHIS is working with landowners to implement projects to suppress/eliminate feral swine in areas with high populations inflicting severe damage to agricultural resources. Projects will protect agriculture by reducing damage to crops, pastures, and infrastructure (e.g., fencing, water sources), and reducing risk to livestock (e.g., diseases, predation), along with protecting natural resources, property, and reduce risk to human health and safety (e.g., disease, vehicle collisions).

Methods for Managing Damage

Feral swine cause major damage to property, agriculture (crops and livestock), native species and ecosystems, and cultural and historic resources. Ongoing research indicates that costs associated with this invasive species in the United States are likely considerably higher than the early estimate of 1.5 billion each year in damages and control costs.

There are a variety of techniques that can be used to manage the damage caused by feral swine. Not all techniques are suitable in every location or situation and, often, a combination of methods must be used to ensure success.

USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services (WS) wildlife biologists and field specialists reduce feral swine damage by providing technical assistance to landowners and land-managers or conducting direct operational management activities to eliminate or alleviate the damage, upon request.

The most successful feral swine damage management strategies employ a diversity of tactics in a comprehensive, integrated approach. Factors to consider when choosing a management method(s) are overall objectives, landscape, environmental conditions, feral swine behavior and density, local regulations, and available funding. The appropriate method or combination of methods for the situation can be determined by utilizing the best information available which can be gathered from surveillance of damage and signs of feral swine on a specific property.

Nonlethal management techniques can be effective for limiting disease transmission, crop damage, and livestock loss. However, lethal techniques may be a more effective means for limiting population growth and achieving long-term suppression of damage.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Prior to beginning any control program it is important to check federal, state, and local laws and regulations regarding hunting, use of firearms, and traps, snares, etc. It may also be helpful to contact your state Wildlife Services program for information, technical support, and assistance.

Effective solutions to feral swine problems can vary by locality due to the differing state legal classifications of feral swine, regulations and laws regarding methods for control, and the local environment where feral swine are causing damage.

For more information and help in your area, contact USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services at 1-866-4-USDA-WS or use the Wildlife Services’ program directory to contact your local program or connect with your local Extension agency, wildlife agency or other professionals in your area.

APHIS National Feral Swine Damage Management Program

In 2014, in response to the increasing damage and disease threats posed by expanding feral swine populations in the

United States, Congress appropriated $20 million to the United States Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) for the creation of a collaborative, national feral swine damage management program. The overarching goal of the APHIS National Feral Swine Damage Management Program is to protect agricultural and natural resources, property, animal health, and human health and safety by managing damage caused by feral swine in the United States and its territories. To accomplish this goal, APHIS is working in cooperation with states, tribes, other federal agencies, universities, organizations, the public, and other stakeholders. APHIS also collaborates with Canada and Mexico to support border activities and facilitate an informational exchange on feral swine disease monitoring and control activities.

Since environmental conditions and laws governing feral swine vary considerably among states, APHIS’ strategy is to provide resources and expertise at a national level, while allowing flexibility to manage operational activities from a local or state perspective. The overall objective of the program is to minimize damage inflicted by feral swine. APHIS implements activities to reduce problems associated with feral swine in most states where they are present. In states where feral swine are emerging or populations are low, APHIS cooperates with local and state agencies to implement strategies to eliminate them. APHIS also targets feral swine emerging in urban areas where they pose a danger to people and property. APHIS uses an integrated approach to feral swine damage management issues, incorporating the latest scientific research findings, improvements in field tactics, and communication and outreach tools to accomplish its goal.

More specifically, APHIS has developed the following objectives with regard to feral swine damage management:

Stabilize and eventually reduce the range and size of feral swine populations in the United States and territories in accordance with management objectives of states, territories and tribes.

Further develop cooperative partnerships with other pertinent federal, state, territorial, tribal, and local agencies, and private organizations working to reduce impacts of feral swine to agriculture, natural resources, property, animal health, and human health.

Expand feral swine management programs nationwide to protect agriculture, natural resources, property, animal health, and human health.

Monitor feral swine for pathogens that affect domestic swine, other livestock, and human health.

Develop and improve tools and methods to manage feral swine populations, including field tests to assess the efficacy for reducing risks to agriculture, natural resources, property, animal health, and human health.

Develop predictive models for population expansion and economic impacts of feral swine, along with risk analyses to agriculture, animal health, and human health.

Develop outreach materials and activities to educate the public about feral swine damage and related activities to prevent or reduce damage.

Coordinate with Canada and Mexico to establish a collaborative plan to address the feral swine threat along the common borders, including monitoring, research and operational responses as appropriate.

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Scouting advised for alfalfa weevil

By Robert WrightExtension Entomologist | Julie Peterson - Extension Entomologist | Jeff Bradshaw - Professor of Entomology

Alfalfa weevil eggs have started hatching in southern Nebraska. As temperatures warm up, expect to see alfalfa weevil larvae throughout southern Nebraska and slightly later, in northern Nebraska.

The larvae of alfalfa weevils feed on first cutting alfalfa as larvae, and adults (and sometimes larvae) feed on the regrowth after the first cutting.

Even with the pressure of planting row crops, it is essential that producers growing high quality alfalfa hay make time to monitor fields for weevils now and over the next few weeks. In the Panhandle and in the northern tier of counties, there may be two flushes of weevil larvae this spring, leading to regrowth damage after the first cutting. Observations indicate the cause may be due to significant survival of both adult and larval weevils.

Life Cycle

Most alfalfa weevils overwinter as adults, become active as temperatures increase and lay eggs. Some may lay eggs in the stem during fall and, if winter is not too severe, will successfully overwinter. These eggs will hatch earlier than those laid in spring. This is most likely to occur in southern counties.

In some areas of Nebraska, alfalfa weevils are not following this seasonal pattern. In the Panhandle and in the northern tier of counties, there may be two flushes of weevil larvae in the spring. In the last few years, some areas of the state have received damage to regrowth after the first cutting due to a combination of late larval feeding

and adult feeding. This is something to be aware of after the first cutting.

While alfalfa weevil damage has been spotty in much of Nebraska over the past few years, the potential for damage always exists. Even with the pressure of planting row crops, it is essential that producers growing high quality alfalfa hay make time to monitor fields for weevils over the next few weeks.

Scouting

Alfalfa weevil damage consists of small holes and interveinal feeding on the newest leaflets near the stem tips. The larvae are small (1/16 to 3/8 inch long) and pale yellowish green, becoming a darker green when larger. These legless worms have black heads and a white stripe the length of the back (Figure 1). The alfalfa weevil larvae spend nearly all their time on the plant. They curl into a C-shape when disturbed. Once the alfalfa is high enough to use a sweep net, take a sample to establish whether weevils are present. If they are, randomly select at least five sampling sites from across the entire field. At each site, gently pick or cut at least 10 alfalfa stems at ground level. Shake the larvae off the stems by beating the stems into a deep-sided bucket. Count the larvae and determine the average number of larvae per stem. Make sure to check for small larvae that may be enclosed in new, folded leaflets at the tips of the stems. Measure stem lengths and determine the average stem height. Use these averages in Table 1 to determine the appropriate action.

CONTINUED ON PAGE C4

Figure 1. Adult and small- to medium-sized larvae of the alfalfa weevil. (Photo by Julie Peterson)

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Scouting advised for alfalfa weevil

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Economic Thresholds

Economic thresholds have been developed to aid decision making on alfalfa weevil control (Table 1). These thresholds were derived by North Dakota State University entomologists (Beauzay et al. 2013) from a two-year study conducted at the UNL Eastern Nebraska Research, Extension and Education Center near Mead in 1990 and 1991 (Peterson et al. 1993). These guidelines can fluctuate depending on growing conditions and variety.

Deciding whether to treat or re-sample depends on the average number of weevils per stem, the stem length, treatment costs and the value of the alfalfa. When alfalfa reaches 50% or more bud stage, it may be more profitable to cut the alfalfa early than treat it.

Insecticides

Because alfalfa weevil natural enemies (e.g., lady beetles and parasitoid wasps) have the potential to keep weevils from reaching economic injury levels, use insecticides only when necessary.

Many insecticides are registered to control alfalfa weevil larvae. See the most recent edition of the Guide for Weed Management in Nebraska with Insecticide and Fungicide Information (EC130) for rates and restrictions of commonly used insecticides for alfalfa weevil larval control. They differ in their modes of action and pre-harvest intervals.

Highly effective insecticides for alfalfa weevil control include those that are pyrethroids (active ingredient ends in “thrin”) and products containing indoxacarb (e.g., Steward). Pyrethroid insecticides also provide aphid control but can have detrimental effects on beneficial insects. Indoxacarb products are more selective and do not affect most beneficial insects but will not provide aphid control.

Recent concerns of insecticide resistance have been noted for lambda-cyhalothrin (e.g. Warrior) as well as indoxacarb (e.g., Steward) in various field reports throughout western states. However, recent laboratory studies of field-collected alfalfa weevil populations for low desert regions of California and Arizona (Mostafa and Harrington 2020) have indicated no measurable resistance to populations in those locations. It is important to note that because of complications due to overwintering of multiple life-stages of this insect, control failure within a region could be the result of insecticide resistance or it could also be due overwinter survival of mixed life stages as discussed under “life stages” above.

Wheat grazing vs grain value

By Todd Whitney, UNL

Cereal grains like wheat are grown for dual purpose (forage and grain) production in the central plains and southern plains states. To prevent grazing animals from eating immature wheat heads, livestock are generally removed from the fields just prior to the jointing growth stage when immature wheat heads move up the stems.

This year, economic conditions and the marginal wheat yield outlook have many Nebraska growers placing higher value on wheat as a forage. Extended spring dry conditions held back pasture growth and delayed livestock turn out onto native pastures. Also, higher hay prices (still over $200 per ton for prairie hay and baled alfalfa) are favoring wheat forage utilization. For example, the wheat or rye graze-out option may provide 45 days or more of grazing.

So, instead of protecting potential grain yields, producers may be removing wheat as a forage and re-planting summer annuals like grain sorghum, millet, or forage sorghums on those same fields. Whether the cereal plant forages are grazed-out; hayed or harvested as wheatlage; the goal is to timely plant subsequent summer annuals between midMay to mid-June for optimizing yields. Sorghum planting windows may extend to later June or possible early July depending on moisture conditions. Later grain sorghum planting dates, though, such as after wheat grain harvest usually result in yields half as productive compared to earlier sorghum planting.

In western Nebraska, average stocker cattle gains on wheat during May and early June have ranged from 1.5 to 2.5 pounds per head per day.

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North Dakota cropland values up in 2023

Despite high production costs to start 2022, net farm incomes remained high helping facilitate a sharp rise in land prices for 2023, says Bryon Parman, North Dakota State University (NDSU) Extension agricultural finance specialist.

The statewide average land price increase from 2022 to 2023 was 13.46%, which is higher than last year’s increase of 10.9%. Rents were also up considerably, rising 6.82% statewide, marking the largest increase in 10 years.

The data for the rental rate and land value changes comes from the North Dakota Department of Trust Lands County Rents and Prices Annual Survey found online at https://www.land.nd.gov/resources/northdakota-county-rents-prices-annual-survey.

The data is then combined into NDSU Extension regions using a weighted average based on the number of county acres.

The largest increase in land values occurred in the east-central and southern Red River Valley regions with both increasing over 20%. The north-central and northeastern regions saw the next largest increase at 15.5% and 14.1%, respectively. The south-central and southeastern regions increased between 11.5% and 13.5% for the two regions. Smaller increases occurred in the southwestern region at 9.4% and the northern Red River Valley which increased 6%. The northwestern region tends to fluctuate a bit more due to a lower number of observations, showed the only decline at -0.84%.

“Overall, the statewide average cropland value moving into 2023 was $2,863 per acre,” says Parman. “The most expensive farmland in North Dakota remains in the southern Red River Valley region at an average of $5,494 per acre while the least costly is in the northwestern region at $1,399 per acre.”

Over the last five years, the southeastern region cropland values have surpassed the northern Red River Valley, with the southeastern region increasing faster. In the most recent survey, the southeastern regional land values were $3,886 per acre while the northern Red River Valley values were $3,605 per acre.

The east-central region was also over $3,000 per acre for the first time, coming in at $3,029. The other three regions including the north-central, northeastern and south-central all came in between $2,100 per acre and just over $2,300 per acre. The southwestern region came in just above the northwestern region at $1,653 per acre.

“Cropland rents were up across the board with the largest increase occurring in the east-central region at 11.88%,” says Parman. “The south-central and southeastern regions were both up between 8.7% and 9.7%. The north-central

and northern Red River Valley regions were up between 5.6% and 6.8% while the northwestern, northeastern and southern Red River Valley regions were all up slightly less than 5%.”

The smallest increase in cropland rent occurred in the southwestern region with an increase of 3.25%. The statewide average cash rent on cropland was $79.90 per acre.

“Overall, 2023 marks the second largest increase in land prices in North Dakota in a row,” says Parman. “However, despite the increase in rents accompanying land price increases, the disparity between cash rents and land prices continues to grow wider. The capitalization rates (cap rate) with respect to farmland in North Dakota has been declining for decades.”

Parman continues, “The cap rate, which is the cash rent divided by the market value of farm land, in North Dakota in 2023 is around 2.65%. In 2012, the cap rate on cropland was closer to 3.8%, and in the 1990s cap rates were mostly between 6% and 9%. The simple cap rate reflects the income generated, relative to the value of land not accounting for capital gains and at 2.65%, is the lowest it has been in more than 40 years.”

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How drought impacts

corn yields

American Society of Agronomy

Climate change contributes to an increase in the number of droughts farmers face – and the corn crop is no exception

Corn is a classic American crop. First cultivated in North America thousands of years ago, it now blankets American farmland from coast to coast. The U.S. grows more corn than any other country. And the grain is used for everything from tortilla chips to cow feed, to biofuel.Ruler next to various corn cob sizes showing effects of drought stress

But like most crops, corn is facing a new risk – climate change. Climate change isn’t just making the world warmer. It’s also changing when and how much rain falls. This leaves more corn farmers at risk of facing drought during part of the growing season.

Unfortunately, not all droughts are created equal. If it strikes at the wrong time, an entire field can be lost.

“A severe drought during the corn reproductive stage can cause a complete crop failure. Thus, understanding corn responses to drought and managing accordingly is critical for successful corn production,” says Ranadheer Vennam, graduate student in the Plant and Soil Sciences department at Mississippi State University.

Vennam studies how corn responds to drought. In his latest research, Vennam and his lab group looked at how sensitive corn flowering is to drought and the impacts it has for farmers.

Vennam presented his work at the 2022 ASA-CSSA-SSSA annual meeting, held in Baltimore, Maryland.

Corn flowering is rather complex. Each individual ovule sends out a very long silk, which must capture pollen from the tassels above the plant in order to produce a kernel. This requires careful coordination. “Successful reproduction in corn is all about timing,” says Dr. Raju Bheemanahalli (Vennam’s supervisor). “It takes less than two weeks for corn to pollinate, which is extremely sensitive to stressors, including drought.”

To determine the impact drought has on this process, Vennam’s team exposed corn plants to various levels of drought during flowering. They ran their trial at the R. R. Foil Plant Science Research Center, Mississippi State University. During the two-week flowering period, the researchers reduced the amount of water each plant received. In the most extreme test, the plants received just 20% of the amount of water they needed.

To track how drought affects the plants, the researchers measured how much the silks grew every day. They also measured the final yield and key quality traits of the kernels, like the amount of starch and protein they had. Vennam’s study also tracked key aspects of plant growth, like the leaf chlorophyll content.

When exposed to severe drought, the ears of corn produced much less silk biomass than healthy ears did. The number of silks was also about one-third lower. Without enough healthy silks, corn ears can’t grow many kernels. Vennam saw that yield decreased by 90% in the severe drought treatment. This drop in yield came from a severe reduction in both the number of kernels and how much each kernel weighed.

As a comparison, the researchers also tested a month-long drought stress after flowering was over. Even though this drought lasted more than twice as long at this stage, yield wasn’t affected that much. “This illustrates the sensitivity of a reproductive stage to drought stress and its timing of it and how stress affects corn production,” says Bheemanahalli.

With the information gained from this study, the researchers are now trying to make corn more resilient to drought stress. The next step is finding genetics of corn that are naturally able to handle drought better during flowering. If they can succeed in finding these hardier plants, breeders can work to cross these traits into the varieties of corn that farmers want to grow. The result could be better varieties/ hybrids that can adapt to our changing climate.

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One of President John Tyler’s grandsons is still alive today—and he was born in 1790. How is this possible? President Tyler, the 10th US president, was 63 when his son Lyon Tyler was born in 1853; Lyon’s son was born when he was 75. President Tyler’s living grandson, Harrison Tyler is 94. Lyon’s other son Lyon Jr. passed away in 2020 at the age of 95. The Tyler family still maintains the President’s home, Sherwood Forest Plantation in Virginia.

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N14 Cummins, 10 speed, day cab, interaxle lock, jake brake, 967,280 miles. Stock #344217

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equipment FOR SALE

1990 John Deere 610 41-ft. plow with Degelman harrows. $3000

Gysler 36-ft. plow with self turning rod. $2000

1977 Melroe 505 32-ft. plow with Flexi-Coil harrows.$1500

1998 Flexi-Coil 36-ft. harrows, 6 sections at 6-ft. with arms & square tube brackets. Like new. $1500

1968 Ford 2-ton truck, needs carb kit, tune up, 16-ft. bed recovered. $1500

Phone (406) 567-2492, Denton, MT

Rising temps, drought likely to increase incidence of aflatoxin in corn

By Pat Melgares, K-State Research and Extension news service

Researchers at four universities – three in the U.S. and one in China -- say that increasingly warmer weather patterns in the Corn Belt could increase the growth of a toxin that would swell farmers’ losses and threaten an important food source over the next two decades.

Their study takes a look at the growing incidence of aflatoxin in corn grown in Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, eastern Nebraska and eastern Kansas – a region traditionally known as the U.S. Corn Belt – as it relates to changing weather patterns in those areas.

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Jesse Tack, an agricultural economist at Kansas State University and co-author of the study, notes that “the estimates correspond to a worst-case climate change scenario and thus are likely to be smaller than estimated if credible mitigation and adaptation strategies are leveraged.”

The researchers’ study – which has been recently published in the journal Environmental Research Letters – suggests that 89.5% of corn-growing counties in 15 states will experience increased aflatoxin contamination in 2031-2040 compared to 2011-2020.

“Assuming fixed corn prices and dollar values in 2021, overall losses (due to changing weather patterns) are expected to increase from $20 million to $63 million,” said study co-author Jina Yu, who is a lecturer in the Division of Business and Management at Beijing Normal University – Hong Kong Baptist University United International College.

COMBINES

2022 John Deere S780 with premium cab, leather seats, premium LED and exterior lights, less receiver, 4600 Command Center, small wire concave, TriStream rotor, power folding covers, 28.5 unloading auger, PRM FC, advanced PowerCast tailboard, 750/65R26 and 520/85R42 duals, camera ready, block heater, Active Yield, moisture sensor. Stock #85659 $580,000 (12)

Yu said that Kansas is among the states expected to experience “significant changes, with expected losses increasing from $3 million to $23 million.”

“The reasons for this change are higher temperatures, drought during the early stages of corn growth, and increased precipitation before the corn reaches maturity.”

Aflatoxin is the name given to a family of toxins produced by fungi that can grow in the soil where corn and other farm crops (among them peanuts, cottonseed and tree nuts) are grown. Aflatoxins are carcinogenic and poisonous to humans and pets, and thus are highly regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration against inclusion into the food supply.

“Aflatoxin has rarely been a problem in the Midwest in the past because the cooler climate did not allow for fungi that produce aflatoxin to thrive there,” said study co-author Felicia Wu, a professor of food safety, toxicology and risk assessment at Michigan State University.

Wu noted that aflatoxin has been a perennial contaminant in corn grown in the southern U.S. due to hot, dry summer conditions in that region.

But, she adds, “the most general finding of our work is that aflatoxin risk will spread northward in the United States as a result of near-term climate change. This is extremely problematic from an economic perspective because most of the corn we produce in the U.S. is in the Corn Belt.”

Currently, what Midwest farmers can CONTINUED ON PAGE C10

2019 John Deere S790 473 hp, 2WD, 671 engine hours, 496 separator hours, Pro Drive transmission with Harvest Smart, advanced PowerCast tailboard, TriStream rotor, fixed speed feederhouse, power folding GT extensions, small wire concaves, 28.5-ft. unloading auger, 1100/45R46 front tires, 710/60R30 rear tires, GPS monitor, display, and Premium Activation. Stock #72735

$405,000 (1)

2018 John Deere S790 with 857 engine/647 separator hours, Combine Advisor, Active Yield, dual tilt fixed speed feederhouse, leather seat, Premium cab, LED lights, complete GPS system with Premium Activation, regular wear TriStream rotor, advanced PowerCast tailboard, 28.5-ft. unload auger, axle spacers, extended warranty until 12/2023 or 1750 hours. Stock #79419

$407,000 (1)

2020 John Deere S780 473 hp, 2WD, Pro Drive transmission, advanced PowerCast tailboard, TriStream rotor, 28.5-ft. unloading auger, Combine Advisor, Premium Activation with Gen 4 monitor and SF6000 receiver, 520-85R 42 tires with duals, and 750/65R26 rear tires. Stock #81411 $450,000 (12)

2020 John Deere S780 no receiver or extended monitor, 4600 display with AutoTrac Activation, Contour Master with fore & aft, 580/85R42 duals, Combine Advisor, Active Yield, power folding grain tank, 28.5-ft. unloading auger, advanced tailboard, TriStream rotor (standard wear), LED lights, cloth seat, premium radio, sidehill performance kit, small grain cleaning shoe. Stock #80883 $427,500 (14)

2018 John Deere S780 with Premium cab, Command Center with 4600 display, Active Terrain, Active Yield, Pro Drive transmission with HarvestSmart, fixed speed, power folding covers, 28.5ft. unloading auger. Stock #79048

$337,500 (3)

2012 John Deere S680 with Yield Monitor, Contour Master, (lateral tilt feederhouse), premium cab with premium radio, AutoTrac, complete with Harvest Monitor, GreenStar 3, 2630 display (mounted on armrest) ProDrive transmission with Harvest Smart feedrate control, heavy duty tilt cylinder, general purpose chaffer and sieve, regular wear (thick skin) 26-ft. (7.9M) unloading auger, fine cut chopper, Advanced PowerCast powered tailboard. Stock #82437 $148,000 (12)

2015 John Deere S680 small grain combine, 2WD, singles, chopper, yield monitor, Contour Master, (lateral tilt feederhouse), PowerCast tailboard, power folding bin extension. Stock #85001 $207,500 (12)

2017 John Deere S680, ProDrive transmission, fixed speed drive, heavy duty dual tilt cylinders, premium cab and radio, premium LED light package, Active Terrain adjust, TriStream Rotor, power folding grain tank covers, 26-ft. unload auger, advanced PowerCast tailboard, IF900/60R32 drive tires, 750/65R26 rear tires. Stock #82387 $282,500 (2)

2017 John Deere S670 combine with regular wear package, premium cab, guidance ready with GreenStar display, ProDrive transmission with HarvestSmart, TriStream rotor, power folding tank covers, fine cut chopper, 26-ft. unloading auger, side hill performance package, 12 inch axle spacers. Stock #82722 $287,500 (1)

adjustable rear axle, HD final drive, no GPS. Stock #83409 $90,000 (1)

2018 John Deere S780 small grain combine with Active Yield, Combine Advisor, 28.5-ft. auger, advanced PowerCast tailboard, power folding grain tank, full GPS. Stock #82627 $325,000 (1)

2008 John Deere 9770 STS 2WD, 3 speed, no CM, fixed speed feederhouse, 800/70R38 singles, premium cab, 22.5-ft. unloading auger, deluxe header controls, PowerCast tailboard,

2010 Case IH 7120 small grain combine, 2WD, 900/30R-32 singles, spreader, yield monitor, rock trap. Stock #81914 $85,000 (12)

2010 John Deere 9670 STS 2WD, 800/70R38 singles, Contour Master, fixed speed, small wire concaves, chopper/spreader, 26-ft. auger, deluxe header controls. Stock #82916 $92,500 (12)

#72735

View our FULL inventory at www.FrontlineAgSolutions.com

Now is the best time to upgrade your equipment. Don’t wait until you’re in the thick of the busy season to realize that your equipment isn’t going to get the job done! Call or stop in today!

HAY PRODUCTS

Check out our large selection of round balers, square balers, mower conditioners, and windrowers to meet your haying needs for the upcoming haying season.

ROUND BALERS

2008 New Holland H8080 windrower with cab, 16-ft. rotary head, urethane conditioner, button tires. Stock #80391 $62,000 (4)

2022 John Deere 560M round baler with 2220 bales, both twine and surface wrap, 1000 PTO, MegaWide pickup, push bar, high moisture kit, large tires. Stock #85535 $59,500 (12)

#68970

2018 John Deere 560M round baler with precutter and accumulator, 1000 PTO, net and twine, MegaWidePlus pickup, hydraulic pickup, 21.5L-16.1 tires, 14,500 bales, bale push bar. Stock #68970. $50,000 (11)

2008 Agco 7444 large square baler, 4x4 bales, large 1000 PTO, tandem axle. Stock #81850 $36,500 (15)

2015 John Deere 569 round baler with both twine and surface wrap, 1000 PTO, 5-ft. bale, 21.5L-16.1 10 ply tires, MegaWidePlus pickup, bale push bar.

Stock #78220 $25,750 (2)

2014 John Deere 569 round baler with 1000 PTO, net and twine, MegaWidePlus pickup, push bar, hydraulic pickup, 21.5L-16.1 tires, variable core valve.

Stock #77800 $25,500 (1)

2013 John Deere 569 baler, twine and net, MegaWide pickup, flotation tires, hydraulic pickup lift, push bar, 1000 PTO, 27,923 bales. Stock #81741 $22,000 (11)

2013 John Deere 569 round baler with 1000 PTO, twine and wrap, wide pickup, big tires, push bar, 40,551 bales. Stock #76311 $19,250 (16)

2013 John Deere 569 round baler with net wrap only, MegaWidePlus, 1000 PTO, hydraulic pickup, bale kicker, floatation tires. Stock #82475 $26,000 (14)

2018 John Deere 560M round baler with precutter, 1000 PTO, 21.5L-16.1 tires, twine/net, MegaWide pickup, pickup gauge wheels, bale accumulator. Stock #81836 $54,000 (4)

2017 Vermeer 605N Select baler, 5-ft. wide by 6-ft. tall bales, wide pickup, pickup gauge wheels, 1000 PTO, twine and net wrap, bale ejection ramp. Stock #82472 $24,000 (16)

2016 John Deere 569 round baler with 1000 PTO, net and twine, MegaWidePlus pickup, push bar, hydraulic pickup, 21.5L-16.1 tires, includes monitor. Stock #76034 $31,750 (15)

2012 John Deere 568 round baler with 15,520 bales, 1000 PTO, net and twine, MegaWide Plus pickup, push bar, hydraulic pickup, 21.5L-16.1 tires, monitor.

Stock #81546 $20,500 (3)

2010 John Deere 568 round baler with MegaWide pickup, both twine and net wrap, 1000 PTO, 21.5L-16.1 10 ply tires, bale push bar, hydraulic pickup lift.

Stock #84925 $19,000 (1)

2008 John Deere 568 round baler with MegaWide pickup with gauge wheels, twine only, 1000 PTO, push bar, 5-ft. bale size. Stock #81674 $12,000 (12)

2000 John Deere 566 round baler, twine only, 1000 PTO, 31x13.5, 8PR, hi flotation tires, regular pickup, bale push bar, hydraulic pickup lift, gauge wheels, aftermarket QuickTie twine box and arms. Stock #81798 $6000 (11)

2012 Case IH RB564 round baler with both twine and net wrap, 1000 PTO, hydraulic pickup lift, wide pickup, hi flotation tires. Stock #83682 $14,500 (3)

2016 Vermeer 6650 Rancher baler, twine only, regular pickup, 540 PTO, 5 foot bale width, no precut knives, Vermeer bale monitor. Stock #77012..$21,500 (2)

4WD, ROW CROP AND UTILITY TRACTORS

Spring is here. Take a look at our selection of 4WD, loader, utility and row crop tractors that we have available! Anything to match your operation and budget!

2018 John Deere 6155M 20 speed AutoQuad transmission, AutoTrac ready, standard cab, 114 L/Min hydraulic pump, 540/1000 PTO, 3 SCVs, 480/80R42 rear tires, 420/85R28 front tires, Cold Star package, JD 640R loader with bucket and grapple with 3 function control. Stock #84777 $145,000 (4)

#82435

2013 Case IH RB564 round baler with twine and net wrap, 1000 PTO, hydraulic pickup lift, wide pickup, endless belts. Stock #82435 $15,350 (3)

LARGE SQUARE BALERS

#60874

2016 Case IH LB434 large square baler, 3x4 large square bales, tandem wheels.

Stock #60874 $89,900 (4)

2014 John Deere 569 premium round baler with both twine and net wrap, 1 3/8 1000 PTO, bale push bar. Stock #82078. $26,000 (11)

#84571

2016 Case IH Steiger 620 Quadtrac, 620 hp, articulated, 6 hydraulic outlets, 16 speed power shift transmission, 57 GPM hydraulic system, AFS Pro 700 display, NavII controller, luxury cab, 1000 PTO. Stock #85229 $440,000 (1)

2008 Case IH Steiger 535 Quadtrac with 535 hp, Cummins QSX15 6-cylinder engine, 3-point hitch, rear tracks in good condition, 4 rear hydraulic remotes, clean cab. Stock #82884 $257,500 (1)

1999 John Deere 6410 utility tractor with standard cab, 16 speed PowerQuad transmission, MFWD, rear PTO540/1000, loader. Stock #85533

$39,000 (12)

2010 John Deere 7130 standard series tractor with MFWD, 18.4R38 rears, 13.6R28 fronts, 16 speed Power Quad with LH reverser, steel rear wheels, flanged axle vertical exhaust, air seat, rear worklight, rear wiper/washer, 3 SCVs, telescoping draft links, includes JD 640R loader Serial #1P0640RXCKC010458 self leveling with bucket and grapple and joystick control. Stock #84695 $64,500 (16)

2014 MTZ tractor with loader/bucket, cab with heat and air, 122 hp, 3 SCVs, 540/1000 PTO, front weights, 24 speed transmission, MFWD, 18.4Rx38 rear tires. Stock #80539 $45,000 (3)

2012 Massey-Ferguson row crop tractor with Dyna-VT transmission (IVT equivalent) front suspension, 978 self-leveling loader with grapple, 520/85R42 rear duals with fender extension, 480/70R30 fronts with fender, 4 rear remotes, 1000/540E PTO, buddy seat, air suspension seat, rear work lights. Stock #85919 $110,000 (14)

2010 John Deere 8225R IVT transmission, ILS, AutoTrac ready, 3-point hitch, PTO, rear duals, 4 SCVs. Stock #84749 $165,000 (11)

2012 John Deere 8360RT 360 hp, row crop track tractor with 16” tracks, (very good condition), IVT, 4 SCVs, 3-point, 1000 PTO, 60 gpm hydraulic pump, deluxe cab, work lights, 22 front weights, 80” track spacing, no GPS included. Has rebuilt transmission, hydraulic pump, and engine harness completed this winter. Stock #79965 $139,000 (4)

1994 Caterpillar 85C track tractor with 36” tracks, 4 SCVs, 355 hp, 16 speed powershift, no 3-point hitch or PTO. Stock #82245 $35,000 (2)

2022 John Deere 6155R with AQ Plus 20 speed transmission, triple link front suspension, 640R loader (MSL) with 5 tine grapple, AutoTrac ready, no receiver, 4200 display/processor with AutoTrac unlock, premium cab with suspension, Panorama glass roof with deluxe light package, 3 ESCV remotes, 480/80R42 rear with fender extensions, 420/85R28 fronts with turnable front fenders, Cold Start II, heated rear window, 1800 lb. rear weights inside rear tire. Stock #84571 $235,000 (14)

2013 Massey-Ferguson 7624 Classic with cab, self-leveling loader with bucket and grapple, MFWD with suspension, IVT, rear 540/1000 PTO, 4 SCVs, rear fenders, duals, rear weights. Stock #81856 $120,000 (15)

2014 John Deere 6715 with standard cab, MFWD, PowrQuad 16/16 with LH reverser, 18.4x38 rear, 14.9x24 front tires, 3 SCVs, rear PTO 540/1000, loader with bucket, 129 hp. Stock #82997.$59,900 (4)

#85036

2022 John Deere 6145R with 640R with grapple and loader, lights, 20 speed AutoQuad transmission, MFWD, no suspension, premium cab with suspension, premium seat and radio, heated rear window, fuel heater, Cold Start II, fuel tank bottom guard, no receiver, 4200 Display, 3 E-SCV with 450 couplers, premium lighting with glass roof, 480/80R42 rear tires with rear fender extension, 420/85R28 front tire with turnable fender, 1800 lbs. of rear wheel weight. Stock #85036 $205,000 (14)

1=Conrad: 877-278-5531

2=Cut Bank: 800-273-5530

3=Choteau: 866-466-5741

4=Dillon: 888-213-2793

www.frontlineagsolutions.com

11=Lewistown: 800-823-3373

12=Havre: 800-621-5701

13=Chester: 406-759-5010

14=Great Falls: 888-760-2005

15=Belgrade: 866-282-3337

16=Livingston: 800-824-3932

#84749

#85229

JOHN DEERE COMBINE FOR SALE

John Deere 7720 combine, 2800 hours, 24-ft. batt reel header, 4 speed, hydro transmission. Located in Shepherd, MT $10,000 Phone (406) 855-1656

Corn with tillers work well together in

restrictive environments

Undeniably, corn is one of the world’s most important crops. From feeding humans and livestock, to its many industrial uses, humans have been growing it for approximately 10,000 years.A fully matured corn stalk with three ears of corn

Traditionally, corn was grown in the most productive regions in the world. These regions have healthy soils, adequate rainfall, and more. Think of places like the American Midwest where you can find a corn-related college mascot. In recent years, the production of corn grew to less fruitful areas around the world with the development of new corn hybrids and improved farming practices.

A common farming practice in less productive regions is increasing the space between the corn plants in the row. The space between plants is called plant density. With lowered plant density, there is less competition between the corn for water, nutrients, and other resources needed. However, greater access to nutrients can cause the corn to grow an additional component: tillers.

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Did you know that corn is technically a member of the grass family? Like other grasses, corn can grow tillers, a branching structure naturally found at the base of a corn plant. Tillers require nutrients to grow. As a result, they can be seen as a nuisance by stealing nutrients from the most important part of the plant: the main ear of corn! Understanding how tillers affect corn yields in less productive regions is crucial.

The researchers set up 11 field experiments during two years in the southern Argentinian Pampas. Researchers collected data from corn with and without tillers at 11 locations with varying sunlight, rainfall, and temperatures. For the corn being studied without tillers, the researchers had to remove the tillers by hand. This type of research is hard work!

Data such as plant density, ears of corn per plant, tillers per plant, and corn yield were collected and evaluated. Gathering this data led to some exciting results: in a wide range of environments, tillers either maintained or increased corn yield compared to corn without tillers.

“The advantages of corn with tillers compared to the corn without tillers were evident across a wide variety of environments. Remarkably, tillers did not promote negative effects on overall corn yield even in the most restrictive environments evaluated,” says Massigoge. “Farmers/producers in restrictive environments can use these findings to understand the effects of tillers on corn planted at a lower density.”

2000

Ignacio Massigoge, a researcher at National University of Mar del Plata, and his team study corn and tillers in the Pampas of Argentina. “Research that can help stabilize and maximize corn yield will have a significant impact in these restrictive environments,” says Massigoge.

This study was recently published in Crop Science, a publication of the Crop Science Society of America.

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Lower planting density is beneficial in restrictive environments like the Pampas region. Reducing plant density decreases water use and increases water availability, so one of the main challenges for corn under these conditions is to maximize the use of resources. This study proved that tillers could help maximize the corn’s use of its resources and adapt to the environment, when environmental conditions are better than expected.

This research is important to Massigoge and his team. “Historically, most of the research on corn crops has focused on high-yielding environments. Recommendations for less productive regions are less advanced, so applied research that can help to stabilize and/or maximize corn yield will cause a significant impact on production.”

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“This study aimed to assess the role of tillers on corn planted at a lower density,” Massigoge states. How does the presence of tillers impact corn yield in varied environments in the Pampas? What are the relationships between tillers, environment, and corn yield? These were all questions the team worked to answer.

According to Massigoge, research on corn tillering is scarce, possibly because traditional high plant densities common in fruitful environments do not allow the corn to develop tillers. “This new knowledge can aid the development of decision support tools for farmers in more restrictive environments.”

Rising temps, drought likely to increase incidence of aflatoxin in corn

CONTINUED FROM PAGE C8

do to offset the potential impacts to their corn crop “is the million dollar question,” Tack said.

1979 International cabover grain truck, 20-ft. box and hoist with tarp, Cummins engine with 13 speed transmission. $13,500

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“It’s important to note that our research does not take future adaptation into account beyond the re-optimization of the growing season, which might mean changing planting and harvest dates,” he said. “Right now, we are simulating what would happen in the future under a business-as-usual scenario, aside from growing season changes.”

Tack adds: “We know that there will be adaptation; there always is in agriculture, and the evolution of plant genetics and on-farm management are powerful tools that can be leveraged. However, it is still not clear what the full menu of adaptation possibilities are, which of them will be most effective, and how costly they will be.”

Tack said the researchers hope their study – titled, ‘Climate change will increase aflatoxin presence in U.S. corn’ -- can help to inform future discussion on adaptations.

“Unfortunately, we haven’t solved a puz-

zle,” he said, “but rather added an additional piece to an existing one.”

The current study did not look at the occurrence of aflatoxin in grain storage systems; Tack said other researchers are taking on that question. Damaged corn usually does not make it out of the field and into storage, he notes, “and thus it wouldn’t typically be measured when assessing the overall damage that aflatoxin causes in the food system as a whole.”

“Agricultural biotechnology may offer solutions to the problem of increased aflatoxin risk in the face of a changing climate,” Wu said. “Our larger project found that controlling for climatic factors and grower practices, transgenic Bt corn offered protection against aflatoxin contamination because of its insect pest protection. We could also use biotechnological methods to improve corn’s resistance to heat and drought, which could in turn reduce damages from aflatoxin.”

David Hennessy of Iowa State University is also a co-author of the study.

7600 32-ft. disk, 22” discs, new bearings. $6500

Cincinatti 12-ft. press brake with dies. $9500

7600 30-ft. wide, 9” spacing, front disks 24”, rears 21.5”. $6500

5050 tractor with front end loader, MFWD, cab. $19,500

Freightliner Circle C American Eagle bale wagon, stacks (8) - 4x4 bales (12) - 3x4 bales or (18) - 3x3 bales $72,000

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KIOTI TRACTORS

Kioti DK5320SEHC with KL5521 loader, cab, heat, AC, 4WD, HST transmisson, 540 PTO, Cat I 3-pt.1 In Stock

Kioti DK4720SEHC with KL5521 loader, cab, heat, AC, 4WD, HST transmission, 540 PTO, Cat I 3-pt.1 In Stock

Kioti DK4510 tractor with KL5520 loader, manual transmission, 4WD, 3-pt, PTO. 1 In Stock

Kioti CK3520SEH tractor with KL4030 loader, 35 hp, 3-pt., PTO, 4WD.

1 In Stock

Kioti CS2210H tractor with SL2410 loader, SM2454 mower. 1 in Stock

Alfalfa weevil resistant to common insecticides

By Emme Demmendaal, MSU News Service

Forage alfalfa, the third most valuable exported field crop in the United States, may be at risk from the alfalfa weevil, a pest that has established itself across the western U.S., due to the insect’s resistance to common insecticides, according to a study published by a Montana State University student.

Erika Rodbell, a doctoral student in the Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology in MSU’s College of Agriculture, studies invasive insects that impact field crops. Her paper, “Alfalfa Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Resistance to Lambda-cyhalothrin in the Western United States,” written with her MSU academic adviser Kevin Wanner and researchers from the University of California, Davis, was published in the Journal of Economic Entomology last fall. Producers across the West, including Montana, have reported significant issues managing the insect with the standard insecticides on the market, Rodbell said.

“The alfalfa weevil is a defoliating insect, which means it’s destroying the leafy green goodness of the alfalfa,” she said, explaining that the larvae chew the leaves and cause the most economic damage to the plant. “It was becoming a significant pest.”

Insecticide resistance begins to develop when significant numbers of the pest survive after the standard amount of an insecticide is properly applied.

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Massey-Ferguson 510 combine, Perkins diesel $3250

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“Producers were losing most of their (crop) yield because it was becoming an outbreak level that they couldn’t manage using pyrethroids,” Rodbell explained.

The researchers investigated insecticide resistance in alfalfa weevils in Arizona, California, Montana, Oregon, Washington and Wyoming. They discovered that the weevils were resistant to both lambda-cyhalothrin and zeta-cypermethrin, also known as “Warrier” and “Mustang Maxx,” respectively — two insecticides approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for managing alfalfa weevils.

The research confirmed the insect was showing resistance to one of the most common insecticide ingredients called type II pyrethroid. The study also showed that the older, less potent type I pyrethroid — commonly called bifenthrin — was still working on the insect, Rodbell said.

Wanner, co-author on the paper and MSU associate professor in plant science, said that the insect’s resistance was not uniform. There were still areas in each state studied where resistance had not developed to the type II pyrethroid.

“It gives us the opportunity to make recommendations for how to slow the development of resistance in these areas to prolong the usefulness of this insecticide,” he said.

The paper includes suggestions for preventing and combating resistance. In Montana, alfalfa weevils tend to be most active in early and mid-June, Rodbell said. Proper monitoring of weevil populations includes recording alfalfa damage before and after insecticide is applied to track potential resistance issues.

“The best method for delaying or combating resistance is a strong integrated pest management system, which relies on robust monitoring,” Rodbell said.

Current management recommendations include harvesting early when possible, applying insecticide treatments at the highest labeled rate and rotating insecticide types. Rodbell said switching insecticides is more effective than continuing to use one that is becoming less effective. She also noted that combining different management methods is usually the best approach to preventing insecticide resistance.

Once resistance occurs, effective management options are limited, she added.

“Surprisingly, we know relatively little about this pest species even though it’s been around since 1904,” said Rodbell, who plans to continue her research into the weevil’s reaction to pyrethroids to help improve current management strategies. “Producers are losing alfalfa quality and value. It’s an important issue for Montana and researchers.”

Eric Marlon Bishop

In 1989, this Texas comic was having trouble getting called up on stage at open-mic nights. Noticing that there were a dozen men comics for every female comic–and the ladies were getting called up first– Bishop wrote a more feminine-sounding name on the sign-up sheet to fool the emcee. It worked: As “Jamie Foxx,” he was called up to perform. (The last name was in honor of comedian Red Foxx.) “A stage name is like having a Superman complex,” Foxx once told Oprah Winfrey, “I go into the telephone booth as Eric Bishop and come out as Jamie Foxx.”

KL9020 loader, 90 hp, 4WD, 1280 hours, 540 PTO, Cat II 3-pt. powershuttle, creeper.

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enclosed cab, 3.25 yard bucket,

1995 International 4700 fuel truck, DT466 diese engine, 6 plus speed transmission, single axle, spring suspension, 1989 Brownie 2200 gallon, 5 compartment (600-500-300-400-400) petroleum body, 2 - Veeder Root meters with LC controls, 2 - electric hose reels with hose, 11R22.5 tires, aluminum rims, 300,126 miles.

2” pumps, Detroit diesel engine, 762,178 miles.

Allied 2800 4 compartment (500-600700-1000) aluminum bulk petroleum body, 2 - electric hose reels with hose, 2 -

cab, red leather seat, 6 speed Allison automatic transmission, 8.7L Case IH FLP engine, 1512 hours, 1050/50 R32 front and rear tires, Raven Viper 4, Agri-Cover roll tarp $167,000

2011 TerraGator 8204, Cat diesel engine, AirMax Precision, 70ft. stainless steel boom, Raven SmarTrax, Viper Pro, 4648 hours. Exceptionally clean truck! $74,000

2015 Case IH Titan 4530 Dry Floater, Flex-Air 810 - VRT dry flow system, 70-ft. boom, Raven Viper Pro, 2922 hours $148,000

1985 Freightliner, Willmar 16-ton rear auger tender, tires are fair. Working truck and tender $24,500

2018 RBR 380, with 810 Flex Air Bed, 1825 hours with Raven Viper 4. $228,000

2001 Kenworth petroleum truck, Cat 3126 diesel engine, Eaton Fuller 7 speed transmission, heat, AM/FM radio, cruise control, single axle, air ride suspension, cheater axle, 1985

meters, 11R22.5 tires, 235/75R17.5 cheater tires, 283,312 miles, 16,104 hours. $31,000

2019 TerraGator TG8400C1619 hours, Airmax Precision 2 bed, capable of spreading two products, 70-ft. stainless steel boom, Raven Viper 4 controller, auto steer, automatic section control, variable rate. Amazing machine....$248,500

2015 Case IH 4530, 810 Flex Air system, 70-ft. stainless steel boom, micro ingredient bin, electric roll tarp, Raven Viper Pro, Smartrax, 2384 hours $155,000

1969 Lubbock NH3 transport trailer, 10,400 gallons, Blackmer pump. 5 to choose from $45,000 each

1967 Fruehauf 8500 gallon lead and 5700 gallon 1969 Beall fuel trailer $34,000

2018 TerraGator TG8400B floater, 1505 hours, AGCO SISU power, diesel CVT transmission, Air Max Precision 2 bed, stainless steel 70ft. boom, Raven Viper 4, electric roll tarp. $236,000 $228,500

$29,500

2013 RoGator 1300, New Leader L4258 G4, Raven monitor, Raven GPS, 3072 hours $88,500

2018 Case 4040, 1864 hours. New Leader NL4500 Edge spinner bed. $198,500

2017 TerraGator TG8400B dry floater, diesel engine, CVT transmission, AirMax Precision dry air flow system, 70-ft. stainless steel boom, single product, electric roll over tarp, Viper 4, autosteer, 3245 hours. $154,000

2014 Case IH Titan floater, diesel engine, Allison transmission, New Leader L4000 G4, 14-ft. stainless steel dry spreader box, twin spinner, all hydraulic, New Leader stainless steel insert, Ag Leader monitor, 4253 hours. $124,500

Willmar 16-ton rear auger tender, mounted on 2007 Wilray tandem axle pup, air brakes. Honda powered hydraulic system, roll tarp. $19,000

1990 Freightliner liquid tender with pup trailer, 2-2800 gallon tanks, both the truck and pup have gas powered

$44,000

1993 International 8200 dry tender truck, Cummins L10, full screw, cheater axle, Ray Man model 20CH2FB 5 compartment dry tender box, overhead discharge auyger, roll over tarp, 11R22.5 tires, 10R17.5 cheater tires, 689,222 miles. $31,500

2004 Peterbilt floater sprayer truck, 76-ft. boom, 20” nozzle spacing, Raven Envizio Pro control valves, 4368 hours $73,000

Cat 938F payloader, Cat diesel engine 140 hp.

speed shuttle shift drive,

20.5-R25 tires, 10,270 hours. $48,500 Hyundai HL730-9A wheel loader, EROPS, Cummins diesel engine, heat, air conditioning, AM/FM radio, 8-ft. bucket, 2.5 cubic yard capacity, 17.5R25 tires, operating weight 23,500 lbs, rear view camera, 5684 hours. $92,500

1989 Kenworth T800 tender truck, 350 Cummins engine, 10 speed Eaton Fuller transmission, steerable pusher axle. 16-ton Wilmar side shooter tender $29,500

1998 Caterpillar IT28G wheel loader, 2 yard bucket, 140 hp Diesel engine, Quick Attach bucket, auxiliary hydraulic, 6305 hours. $62,000

Swinger 2000 loader, diesel, hydrostatic, front quick tach bucket, forks, aux hyd, 911 hours $26,000

1999 Willmar side shooter 24-ton tender, on 2 axle trailer, electric roll tarp. $32,000

2007 John Deere 724J wheel loader, quick attach with 13,019 hours $112,500

2012 Case IH 7230 with full GPS, 2206 engine hours, 1787 separator hours, one owner, always shedded. 2013 MacDon D65 40-ft. header with transport $115,000 for both obo. Phone (406) 868-1590

#####

Dear God, sometimes I want to kick up my heels and dance, but these bones just want to sit down in a comfy chair and watch Dancing with the Stars. Help me do both–at separate times, of course.

#####

Lord, I have an answer for these senior moments–laugh and take them with a grain of sugar.

MDA highlights Chilean cattle trade delegation

Continuing the focus on expanding Montana’s agricultural contribution to international trade and highlighting the diversity in Montana’s agricultural ecosystem, Director Clark and representatives from the Montana Department of Agriculture (MDA) visited Ehlke Herefords in Townsend, Montana to welcome a delegation of cattle producers from Chile as part of a Montana Department of Agriculture Cattle Genetics Trade Mission.

Mark and Della Ehlke are first generation Hereford seedstock producers. Before getting their registered Hereford operation started, they had a handful of commercial cattle in Helena, MT. After serving as a commercial judge at the MHA Winter Fair sale in Bozeman, Mark bought the families’ first registered Hereford heifer, marking the official inception of Ehlke Herefords.

Ehlke Herefords has been able to make extensive advances to their genetics and have increased the size of their operation multiple times through the retention of quality replacements, infusion of outside genetics, a focused use of AI and ET, and the addition of owned and leased grass.

“Livestock producers from around the world come to Montana seeking our high-quality beef genetics. This specific group of Chilean cattle producers have been traveling the state for five days thus far, getting a detailed look into Montana Hereford and Angus ranches producing some of the top genetics available. Ehlke Herefords is a great example of the passion and commitment for genetic progression this state has to offer,” Director Clark said.

Thank you to Ehlke Herefords for hosting the visit and giving a look into a family-owned operation here in Montana adding value to the ag ecosystem that drives the state’s number one industry.

National Pink Day

This holiday is always celebrated on June 23

It’s National Pink Day, a day where everything should be basking in pink splendor! This day is best viewed through rose-colored glasses. It is a fun day enjoyed by both men and women. Look for this color everywhere you go. Add it to things as well. For example, wearing this color is a great way to participate in this June 23 holiday.

It’s especially a day for the ladies, as pink is a girl’s favorite color. Guys, you can participate in National Pink Day, too. Just get in touch with your feminine side, and display a dash of pink. On occasion, guys do wear pink shirts and ties. Note: the girls will love you for it!

Director Clark speaks with Chilean Cattle Producers at Ehlke Herefords in Townsend, MT

Cattle Producers from Chile view a bull from Ehlke Herefords

Sorghum bran rises as an ingredient for enhancing gluten-free bread

From Agricultural Research Service

Sorghum bran, often a low-cost byproduct of sorghum milling, can enhance gluten-free bread’s nutritional value without compromising its flavor, according to a study published in the Journal of Food Science.

While gluten-free foods are in demand to meet consumers’ medical needs and dietary preferences, these foods sometimes are deficient in nutrients and lack taste and texture that appeals to consumers. In gluten-free bread, wheat flour is typically replaced with refined flour and starches from other sources. Adding dietary fiber, a carbohydrate found in whole grains that has important health benefits, to gluten-free bread can lead to a hard texture and more rapid staling.

To find solutions to these challenges, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)’s Agricultural Research Service (ARS) researchers studied sumac sorghum bran, classified as a brown tannin-containing variety with antioxidant properties and dietary fiber, as a possible substitute for wheat flour in gluten-free bread.

“In our study, we used optimization models to create a gluten-free bread with enhanced dietary fiber while preserving other desirable bread attributes such as color, texture, and flavor,” said Ryan Ardoin, research food technologist at ARS’s Food Processing and Sensory Quality Research Unit in New Orleans. “This meant finding the optimal amount of sumac sorghum bran to use in the bread to get the nutritional benefits without compromising taste and texture.”

Six loaves of sorghum bread on a cooling rack.ARS researchers baked bread loaves containing sumac sorghum bran during the research study. (Photo by Brennan Smith, D5098-1)

Ardoin and Brennan Smith along with researchers Fadi Aramouni and Scott Bean from ARS’s Grain Quality and Structure Research Unit in Manhattan, Kansas, conducted taste tests and asked consumers to rate different breads with and without the sorghum bran.

“We found that people liked the gluten-free bread that contains 14.2% sumac sorghum bran and would be just as willing to buy this bread,” said Ardoin. “There was no difference in perceived bitterness found between the bread with and without the sorghum bran.”

Ardoin, whose work involves novel food development and sensory evaluation, said making foods appealing to the senses is important. People seek gluten-free food options and prefer foods with a similar flavor and texture as their gluten-containing counterparts.

According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), about 2 million people in the United States have celiac disease, an autoimmune condition, and must avoid dietary gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. Additionally, over 20% of U.S. consumers purchase gluten-free products without a medical reason.

“The potential health benefits provided by tannincontaining sorghum bran in gluten-free foods can benefit consumers who must avoid gluten as well as those seeking other food options,” said Ardoin.

FARM EQUIPMENT FOR SALE

Renn 40-ft.

AMAZINGJUNESAVINGS

Recovery assistance available for livestock

Agricultural operations in Idaho, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming have been significantly impacted by recent snowstorms. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has technical and financial assistance available to help farmers and livestock producers recover from these adverse weather events. Impacted producers should contact their local USDA Service Center to report losses and learn more about program options available to assist in their recovery from crop, land, infrastructure, and livestock losses and damages.

“These recent winter storms have taken their toll on livestock producers in Idaho, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming leaving producers with snow removal costs as well as increased feed expenses,” said Robert Bonnie, Under Secretary for Farm Production and Conservation (FPAC). “We stand with our producers who have worked tirelessly in these severe conditions to keep livestock fed and to protect crops from Mother Nature’s wrath. We know these storms have left damage in their wake, and I’m glad that USDA offers a strong portfolio of disaster assistance programs available to help.”

USDA Disaster Recovery Assistance

Producers who experience livestock deaths in excess of normal mortality may be eligible for the Livestock Indemnity Program (LIP). To participate in LIP, producers will have to provide acceptable documentation of death losses resulting from an eligible adverse weather event and must submit a notice of loss to their local FSA office within 30 calendar days of when the loss of livestock is apparent.

Meanwhile, the Emergency Assistance for Livestock, Honeybees, and Farm-Raised Fish Program (ELAP) provides eligible producers with compensation for feed and grazing losses. ELAP also includes costs associated with equipment rental fees for hay lifts and snow removal. For ELAP, producers will need to file a notice of loss within 30 days and honeybee losses within 15 days.

Price Truck & equiPmenT

Additionally, eligible orchardists and nursery tree growers may be eligible for cost-share assistance through the Tree Assistance Program (TAP) to replant or rehabilitate eligible trees, bushes or vines lost. This complements the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP) or crop insurance coverage, which covers the crop but not the plants or trees in all cases. For TAP, a program application must be filed within 90 days.

FSA also offers a variety of direct and guaranteed farm loans, including operating and emergency farm loans, to producers unable to secure commercial financing. Producers in counties with a primary or contiguous disaster designation may be eligible for low-interest emergency loans to help them recover from production and physical losses. Loans can help producers replace essential property, purchase inputs like livestock, equipment, feed and seed, cover family living expenses or refinance farm-related debts and other needs. Additionally, FSA has a variety of loan servicing options available for borrowers who are unable to make scheduled payments on their farm loan programs debt to the Agency because of reasons beyond their control.

Risk Management

Producers who have risk protection through Federal Crop Insurance or FSA’s NAP should report crop damage to their crop insurance agent or FSA office. If they have crop insurance, producers should provide a notice of loss to their agent within 72 hours of initial discovery of damage and follow up in writing within 15 days.

1800 4x4 flatbed, 14,000 lb knuckle boom

flatbed, 3200 lb. IMT crane, air compressor

Pesci 6000 KG knuckle boom

service crane, 6000 lb

20-ton 24-ft. tilt bed trailers

Haulin 31-ft. flatbed (expands to 34-ft.), telescopic hitch and air brakes. Good for round bales

22-ft. tilt bed trailer

For NAP covered crops, a Notice of Loss (CCC-576) must be filed within 15 days of the loss becoming apparent, except for hand-harvested crops, which should be reported within 72 hours. A recent policy change simplifies the NAP application process for underserved producers, allowing form CCC-860 Socially Disadvantaged, Limited Resource, Beginning and Veteran Farmer or Rancher Certification to serve as an application for basic NAP coverage for all eligible crops. These producers will have all NAP-related service fees for basic coverage waived, in addition to a 50% premium reduction if higher levels of coverage are elected.

Conservation

FSA’s Emergency Conservation Program (ECP) and Emergency Forest Restoration Program (EFRP) can assist landowners and forest stewards with financial and technical assistance to restore fencing, damaged farmland or forests.

USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is always available to provide technical assistance during the recovery process by assisting producers to plan and implement conservation practices on farms, ranches and working

Recovery assistance available for livestock

CONTINUED FROM PAGE C16 forests impacted by natural disasters. The Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) can help producers plan and implement conservation practices on land impacted by natural disasters.

More Information

Additional USDA disaster assistance information can be found on farmers.gov, including USDA resources specifically for producers impacted by winter storms. Those resources include the Disaster Assistance Discovery Tool, Disasterat-a-Glance fact sheet and Loan Assistance Tool. For FSA and NRCS programs, producers should contact their local USDA Service Center. For assistance with a crop insurance claim, producers and landowners should contact their crop insurance agent.

#####

In 2011 flight engineer Satoshi Furukawa represented Japan on the International Space Station. His item: a box of LEGO bricks. He used them to make a replica of the ISS.

HURRY FOR BEST SELECTION!

✔ Repair Shop ✔ Tire Repairs ✔ Wheel Balance

Canola flea beetles emerging

By Janet J. Knodel Extension Entomologist

Spring temperatures have warmed up above 60 degree F causing the flea beetles to emerge from overwintering areas and search for volunteer canola and other Brassicaceae weeds (wild mustard) to feed on. Crucifer and striped flea beetles have been observed in the northeast (Anitha Chirumamilla, LREC), Benson County (Scott Knoke) and northwest Minnesota (Dave Grafstrom). Both the striped flea beetle and the crucifer flea beetle have been observed with the crucifer flea beetle being more common. Flea beetles are easy to identify in the field by their flea-like hopping behavior. The crucifer flea beetle adult is a small, oval-shaped, dark beetle with an iridescent blue sheen on the black wing covers, measuring about ? inch long. The striped flea beetle adult is similar to the crucifer flea beetle in size and has two yellow stripes on its black wing covers.

As canola is planted, farmers and crop consultants need to plan to scout for flea beetles as soon as the crop emerges, at least 2-3 times a week. Insecticide seed treatments need to be confirmed they are working and providing good protection against flea beetle damage during the first 3 weeks after canola emergence. Feeding damage is often worst with hot temperatures, low moisture and low plant stands. Continue to scout until canola is in the 6-8 leaf stage when the crop can tolerate most flea beetle feeding pressure.

• Increased early season vigor

• Phosphorus and Zinc to drive rooting & cold start the crop.

• Zinc to help with early season hormone production, ie. Auxin for root and shoot growth.

• Convey Technology to help with early season stresses, such as cool soils and excess moisture. It also improves nutrient use efficiency.

• Other essential nutrients target at each specific crop, ie. Boron for cell wall strength; Manganese for efficient photosynthesis.

• Second chance for a starter fertilizer

• Formulations are targeted at early season root growth (more root = more efficient moisture and nutrient uptake).

• Proactive way of managing the crops nutritional requirement.

• Convey Technology helps with early season stresses such as cool soils, excess moisture, and drought. Also improves nutrient use efficiency.

• Speeds up recovery from herbicide hangover - the correct supply of nutrients helps the crop metabolize the herbicide more quickly.

• Contains novel Phosphorus nutrition, providing increased nutrient uptake and movement within the plant.

• Targeted at the reproductive phse of the plant.

• Proactive way of managing the crops utritional requirement

• Contains other essential nutrients targeted for each specific crop, ie. Boron to aid pollen tube growth, Zinc to help produce Auxin, to ensure healthy pollen tube growth.

Flea beetle feeding on volunteer canola (on left) and yellow sticky traps used to monitor adult beetles (Anitha Chirumamilla, LREC) (P. Beauzay) North Dakota State University CROP & PEST REPORT May 18, 2023 2 If more than 25% defoliation is observed in canola fields, a foliar insecticide spray is warranted to prevent yield loss. Pyrethroids (3A) are the only class of insecticide registered for foliar control of flea beetles in canola (active ingredients - bifenthrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, zeta-cypermethrin). One premix is labeled as Besiege (chlorantraniliprole + lambdacyhalothrin). For insecticides registered for control of flea beetles for canola, please refer to the 2023 North Dakota Field Crop Insect Management Guide.

Our Fargo 2022 insecticide seed treatment trials against flea beetles examined thiamethoxam (Helix) at 23 fl oz / cwt alone and in combination with cyantraniliprole (Lumiderm, Fortenza), and clothianidin (Prosper) at 21.5 fl oz / cwt alone, in combination with cyantraniliprole (Lumiderm, Fortenza), and in combination with flupyradifurone (Buteo Start) (see Table 1). Flea beetle populations were about 75% striped flea beetle and 25% crucifer flea beetle. For feeding injury ratings, we observed slightly higher feeding injury when thiamethoxam and clothianidin were used alone compared to those same actives in combination with either cyantraniliprole or flupyradifurone. Yield also was significantly higher for the combination of two active ingredients (average of 2421 lbs/acre), compared to the single active ingredient (average of 2123 lbs/acre) and the untreated check (1831 lbs/acre).

National Go Fishing Day

Fly fishing, worm fishing, boating or wading… whatever your preference, get yourself up and out early to catch yourself the biggest fish you can.

The sun is just beginning to rise over the horizon, painting the sky a vivid palette of reds and oranges. The quiet buzz of insects can be heard as they dance over the water’s surface, punctuated occasionally by the splash of a fish breaking the surface for its morning meal, unknowing that it is destined to become a meal itself. National Go Fishing Day celebrates quiet, meditative moments like this and those individuals who find solace in the pursuit of this elusive prey.

We have certainly all fished before. Fished for compliments, fished for some decent wine to go with our Sunday roast but the act of fishing is indeed considered an actual sport.

Whether you fish with the old fashion maggots, or whether you’ve progressed to the corn bait, you will find that fishing in general is a sport that requires both patience and strength. There are plenty of fish to choose from, depending on where you choose to fish and although some people fish for a living, this little hobby can develop into much more than just a Sunday morning past time…

USED TRACTORS

USED CONSTRUCTION

Bobcat S205 skid steer. stk# 22962. (G)

USED SWATHERS

Hesston 6450 swather with 14-ft. sickle header. stk #30700. (G)

SPRAYERS

New Holland T7.260 stk# 22264. (L)

Bobcat T750 skid steer. stk# 26506. (L)

New Holland L228 skid steer. stk# 21279. (G)

John Deere 250 skid steer, open cab, stk# 30644. (L)

New Holland 1118 with 14-ft. header. stk# 27582. (G)

NEW New Holland SP310 self propelled sprayer, 110-ft. boom, 1500 gallon tank, Raven controls, Inteli Spray, MFWD, GPS Guidance. Stk #28843. (G)

New Holland SF115 sprayer. stk# 28655. (G)

2006 New Holland TV145 Bidirectional tractor, 4769 hours, cab and engine 3-point and PTO, auxiliary hydraulic pump, loader witg grapple and 4 spear bale spear. stk# 30720. (G)

New Holland T7.210 tractor. stk# 30643. SOLD (L)

New Holland TM150 tractor. stk# 29559. (G)

Case IH Puma 165 tractor. stk# 30255. SOLD (L)

Quick Attach Sledge Pounder skid steer mount. stk# 29228. (G)

Tool Cat 5600 stk# 21420. (G)

Toro 22319 Dingo stk# 30114. (G)

USED BALE PROCESSORS

Haybuster 256 stk# 29172. $2495 (G)

Haybuster BB256 left-hand discharge. stk# 29173. $2495 (G)

Haybuster 256+II stk# 30261. (G)

Haybuster 256+II round only. stk# 30279. (L)

Vermeer BPX9010R processor. stk# 29561.(L)

Vermeer BPX9010R bale processor, right hand discharge, round only. stk#29562. (L)

Vermeer BPX9000 bale processor, round only. stk# 20679. (G)

USED

Toro 74784 riding mower. stk# 29979. (G)

Kubota BX2380 compact tractor. stk# 30042. (G)

Allis-Chalmers 185 tractor. stk# 30601 (G)

ROCKPICKER

NEW Haybuster 3106 rockpicker. stk# 30518 (L)

Vermeer BPX8000 round only. stk# 11189. (L)

Toro 74720 riding mower. stk# 20089. (G)

Toro 74730 riding mower. stk# 23442. (G)

Toro 74631 riding mower. stk#28348. (G)

Toro 74630 riding mower, 22 hp. stk# 12518. (G)

Toro 74624 riding mower. stk# 30527. (G)

Grasshopper 727K2 riding mower. Call

Toro 20017 walk behind mower. stk# 10492. (G)

Toro 20017 walk behind mower. stk# 16445. (G)

Spra Coupe 7650 full run Raven monitor, mechanical rear drive, front hydraulic assist, 90-ft. boom, hydraulic extend axle. stk# 9067. $49,900 (G)

Versatile SX275 sprayer. stk# 12327. (G)

USED ROUND BALERS

New Holland RB560 net/twine. stk# 28314.(L)

New Holland BR780 net/twine. stk# 27848. (L)

New Holland BR7090 baler, net/twine. stk# 30659. (L)

New Holland 688 net/twine. stk# 30181. (L)

New Holland 664 net/twine. stk# 30105. (G)

Vermeer 605L twine only. stk# 21490. (G)

John Deere 566 net/twine. stk# 29080 $6900 (G)

Hesston 956A twine only. stk# 9821.$6900 (G)

Hesston 856A stk# 22105 $4900 (G)

Gehl RB1870 stk# 28492. $2495 (G)

Vermeer BP8000 round only. stk# 11240. (L)

USED

Melroe 501 plow with 40-ft. harrow. stk# 25282. (G)

Gysler 39-ft. plow. stk# 25477. $6900 (G)

USED AIR DRILL

Concord ATD-4012 air drill. stk# 30184. (G)

(G)

our Facebook page for our newest trade ins!

Massey Ferguson WR9760 swather. stk# 17659. (G)

#####

Why did the boy throw a stick of butter out the window?

Because he wanted to see a butterfly!

Over-the-counter sale of livestock antibiotics ends June 11, 2023

Beginning on June 11, 2023, over-the-counter antibiotics will no longer be available through traditional retail channels. Instead, these antibiotics will require a prescription from a veterinarian licensed in the state where the animals are housed.

Why is this happening?

To ensure continued effective antibiotic use in humans and animals, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine developed a 5-year Veterinary Stewardship Plan to slow the emergence of antimicrobial resistance from the misuse of antibiotics in animals while ensuring the safe and effective use of medical antibiotics in animals and humans. Many antibiotics are crucial to human and animal health. This legislation ensures that these drugs are used under veterinary supervision, reducing antimicrobial resistance to these drugs in humans and animals. This new rule concerns the few antibiotics that remain available over the counter in the form of injectables, intramammary tubes and boluses.

What does this mean to you?

You will no longer be able to purchase antibiotics from a farm store, mail order, or route driver unless you have a prescription from your veterinarian. Prescriptions must be filled by a pharmacist, but it is unlikely that local Wilco, Coastal or Tractor Supply stores will hire a pharmacist to fill veterinary prescriptions. You will be able to purchase these antibiotics from your veterinarian, or you can use a veterinarian’s prescription to buy from an online vendor. Some local pharmacies will likely carry more veterinary-labeled products. Work with your veterinarian to adjust how your farm will access animal health products. This legislation also applies to nonfood animal species like dogs, cats, camelids and horses.

Which antibiotics will be affected?

Prescription-only items will include injectable tylosin (Tylan injectable and water soluble), injectable and intramammary penicillin (Albadry), injectable and oral oxytetracycline (Liquimycin LA-200, Noromycin 300 LA, Oxytetracycline HCl soluble powder), sulfadimethoxine and sulfamethazine (Albon, Sustain III bolus), gentamicin (Gentamicin sulfate injectable), cephapirin and cephapirin benzathine intramammary tubes (Today, Tomorrow). Most other products — including dewormers, fly preventatives, vaccines and coccidiostats — will not be impacted by these changes.

How will I obtain antibiotics after June 2023?

To obtain these drugs, producers will need a valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship (VCPR) with a licensed veterinarian. A VCPR is considered valid if all of the following apply:

A veterinarian has assumed the responsibility for making medical judgments regarding the health of an animal and the need for medical treatment.

The animal owner or caretaker has agreed to follow the instructions of the veterinarian.

The veterinarian has sufficient knowledge of the animal to initiate at least a general or preliminary diagnosis of the medical condition of the animal.

The practicing veterinarian is readily available for followup in case of adverse reactions or failure of the therapy regimen.

The veterinarian has recently seen and is personally acquainted with the keeping and care of the animal by virtue of examination of the animal, and/or by medically appropriate and timely visits to the premises where the animal is kept. In Oregon, this means that a veterinarian has visited or seen your operation or animals within the past 12 months.

The veterinarian is not required to examine every animal to be treated but has sufficient knowledge of your specific situation to initiate and prescribe treatment.

Should I just stock up on antibiotic supplies?

No! Now is not the time to stock up on over-the-counter

CONTINUED ON PAGE C21

Fingernails

The longest fingernails ever were over 42 feet in total and belonged to American Diana Armstrong, recognized as the new record holder in March 2022. The previous record was held by American Lee Redmond, with fingernails over 28 feet in total.

Over-the-counter sale

of livestock

antibiotics ends June 11, 2023

CONTINUED FROM PAGE C20 products to avoid needing a prescription. Animal products have expiration dates and are sensitive to storage time and conditions. Purchasing products now may result in those products expiring, resulting in the wastage of products and money.

What if I don’t have a veterinarian?

If you do not already have a VCPR and need to find a veterinarian who offers services to livestock owners here are some resources that may help you:

For cattle veterinarians, search the American Association of Bovine Practitioners.

For sheep, goat and camelid practitioners, search the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners.

For equine practitioners, search the American Association of Equine Practitioners.

1989 International 4700 bad engine U-Haul. $500

1986 GMC 7000 SA dump, bad 8.2 Detroit. $1000

1985 GMC 7000 fuel chassis.$1250

1980 Ford L9000 tandem, good 855 Cummins (rolled). $1500

1979 GMC 7000 bad brakes. $1000

1979 International S1600 chassis. $750

IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT FOR SALE

2-Used WadeRain wheellines, new in 2000. 5” pipe, 5-ft. wheels, 40-ft. pipe. Well maintained. Includes: inlet or center feed, hose, end plug and valve opener so irrigation ready. As is, you dismantle and haul.

1720-ft. long

1560-ft. long

Don’t lose out on free nitrogen from irrigation water

$9000

$8600

2-Nelson P200 Big Guns on carts for 6” ringlock pipe. Includes cart $1500 ea. Approximately 1/3 mile A&M 6” ringlock Series 55 aluminum pipe. 6” x 30-ft. pipe. As is, pipe stacked, ready to go $135 ea pipe Phone (406) 600-4146, Bozeman, Montana

Scott Schmiedeke (406) 240-2572

Victor, MT

Henry Kallis (605) 639-1904

Spearfish, SD

See us on the web: www.tte-inc.com

2014 Bobcat E35, 2940 +/- hours, enclosed cab with heat and AC, coupler, hydraulic thumb, 24” bucket, leveling blade, 2 speed travel, has been through the shop, all repairs done, fresh service. Located in Victor, MT. $43,900

2014 Kubota KX080 excavator, 1985 hours, enclosed cab with heat and AC, control pattern changer, auxiliary hydraulics, swing boom, angle blade, manual quick coupler, hydraulic thumb, 24” bucket, nice rubber tracks, weighs 19,140 lbs, very nice condition, just serviced. Located in Spearfish, SD. $74,900

2015 Kubota SVL90-2 track, 2850+- hours, enclosed cab with heat & AC, AM/FM radio, hydraulic coupler, auxiliary hydraulics, 84” bucket, 92 hp, 11,300 operating weight, has been through the shop all repairs have been done, just serviced, excellent condition. Located in Victor, MT. $58,900

2015 Case 621F, 5125 hours, EROPS with heat and AC, ride control, reversing fan, JRB hydraulic coupler, 3CY bucket, very nice radial tires, has been through our shop, just serviced, the loader is in excellent condition. Located in Spearfish, SD

1998 Cat TH183, enclosed cab with heat, unknown hours, 3-way steering, frame tilt, hydraulic fork lift, joy stick controls, nice air filled tires, 48” forks, 48” carriage, 8000 lb. lift, 42-ft. reach, serviced and jos site ready. Located in Spearfish, SD

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By

In many locations, irrigation water can provide significant, valuable in-season fertilizer.

Crystal Powers - Research and Extension Communication Specialist, Nebraska Water Center | Steve Melvin - Extension Educator Irrigated Cropping Systems | Saleh Taghvaeian - Biological Systems Engineering Associate Professor readily available to crops and is a free source of fertilizer.

The amount of nitrogen depends on the concentration of nitrate and amount irrigated.

Nitrogen continues to be one of the highest cropping system input expenses with irrigated corn. In many parts of Nebraska, there is a significant amount of nitrogen available in groundwater as nitrate. When applied through irrigation, this nitrate is

How Much Nitrogen is in My Irrigation Water?

The amount of nitrate in water is measured as parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per liter (mg/L), these are the same measure for nitrate. Each ppm will add 0.227 pounds of nitrogen per acre with each inch of irrigation water applied. Table 1 below shows the total pounds per acre of applied nitrogen:

Table 1. Total pounds per acre of applied nitrogen.

To find out how much nitrate-nitrogen is in your irrigation water, we recommend that you test each well every few years. Also check with your local NRD for testing requirements in water quality phase areas. Nitrate levels can vary significantly from well-to-well and nitrate levels are changing over time across much of the state. (Note: some water test results are reported as nitrate (NO-3), others are reported as nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N). The calculations in this article are based on nitrate-nitrogen. Nitrate-nitrogen = 0.226 x nitrate).

When Will Fertilizer from Irrigation Water Be Available?

The timing of irrigation application in relation to the period of rapid nitrogen uptake by the crop affects the value of the nitrogen in the water to that year’s crop. The most rapid N uptake extends from about V6 to after pollination, but N is taken up all season. Nitrogen in irrigation water applied during the rapid uptake period is just as useful to the crop as the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen in water applied late in the growing season — after the crop has already taken up most of its nitrogen needs — is of limited value for this year’s crop.

Care must be taken to reduce drainage below the root zone since nitrogen will leach with water from rain or irrigation. So, since rain is unpredictable, irrigation scheduling should leave as much rain storage room in the soil as is practical while optimizing yields.

Calculating Your Field’s Irrigation Water Nitrogen Credit

Due to the uncertainty of precipitation during the growing season, we suggest that the nitrogen contained in 80% of the fiveyear average irrigation depth be used when calculating the N contribution by irrigation

water. If your field site is within an NRD with an annual water allocation, use the annual allocation in place of the five-year average. The example shows how to calculate the nitrogen provided by irrigation water.

Example Irrigation water contains 15 ppm nitratenitrogen (NO3-N). The five-year average irrigation water application depth is 10 inches per year. Using 80% of the five-year average, how much crop available N is in the irrigation water?

80% x (NO3-N ppm) x (0.2267) x (in. of irrigation) = pounds of nitrogen/acre

0.8 x 15 ppm x 0.227 x 10 in. = 34 lb of nitrogen/acre added through irrigation

Adjusting In-season

Predicting how much nitrogen and irrigation water will be needed for a given field this coming summer in January or February is difficult. However, good in-season techniques are now available to help determine the optimal rates of irrigation and nitrogen to produce optimum yields. Center pivot and SDI irrigation systems provide an easy method to make in-season application. We recommend applying a lower rate of nitrogen in the spring, followed by monitoring the crop to see if additional nitrogen is needed.

Global Garbage Man Day

Give a big thanks to the men and women who keep your community sanitary and hygienic on Garbage Man Day, or Waste & Recycling Workers Week.

Just imagine what the world would be like if you had to live without the services of your local, friendly garbage professional. There would be mountains of trash piled up outside every home and business. And it would stink!

Fortunately, there is a group of tenacious and dedicated people out there who periodically collect and dispose of your refuse.

Global Garbage Man Day, therefore, is a chance for everyone to stop whatever they are doing and spend a little time appreciating the hard work of these diligent souls.

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Why grazing before pastures are ready can have lasting impacts

By Jack Arterburn, Nebraska Extension Educator, Beef Systems

Key Points

Winter precipitation was not enough to overcome the soil moisture deficit from three years of below normal precipitation for much of Nebraska.

Grazing pastures early causes the plant to use nutrients stored in the roots to regrow which can cause a reduction of future growth.

If delaying grazing is unavoidable, minimize impacts by moving through multiple pastures quickly.

Although near record snowfall this winter brought many challenges in areas of Nebraska, the moisture the snow provided was welcomed after three years of below normal precipitation. However, soil moisture is still below average and drought conditions are persisting in many areas of the state.

In the spring, plants rely on nutrients stored in the roots during previous years to initiate and sustain growth until enough leaf area is available to conduct photosynthesis. Without adequate growing season and fall moisture in previous years, nutrient storage is often limited. Not reducing grazing pressure during periods of below normal precipitation can compound this deficit and reduce production in subsequent years. Although fall and winter precipitation can recharge soil moisture levels, growing season precipitation (April to September) typically accounts for most of the total annual precipitation and is vital to plant production and rangeland health.

When feed is expensive and hard to find and feeder cattle futures are optimistic, delaying pasture turnout or destocking to reduce grazing pressure are not appealing. Especially if the available feed is low-quality and fails to meet a lactating cow’s nutrient requirements causing negative impacts to calf performance and delaying return to estrus and her ability to rebreed.

Unfortunately, not delaying turnout or destocking is robbing Peter to pay Paul by saving the cost of feeding hay at the expense of reducing pasture production and further degrading pastures. Grazing before pastures are ready causes the plants to use additional nutrients from already low root stores to recover. If there are not enough nutrients stored in the roots, the plant may go dormant and stop growing, reducing the total annual production. In contrast, allowing pastures additional rest to build nutrient storage by delaying turnout could pay dividends in additional growth later in the year.

When pastures will be ready to graze depends on plant condition and characteristics. Plant condition results from previous grazing seasons management as well as soil moisture and soil temperature which control the start and speed of plant growth. Cool season plants are the first to break dormancy and the first to reach maturity before the hot summer months. Warm season grasses wait for soil temperatures to get above 50 degrees Fahrenheit and continue to grow during the hot months until August.

Determining if a plant is ready to graze is as simple as counting leaves. The number of collared leaves that wrap all the way around the plant stem like a shirt collar indicates whether the plant is ready to be grazed. The rule of thumb is 3 collared leaves for cool season grasses and 4 collared leaves for warm season grasses. When grasses reach these minimums, enough photosynthesis occurs to sustain growth and allow storage of nutrients which can be used to recover from grazing. Not waiting for the minimum number of leaves stresses the plant at a critical time and may reduce total annual production potential.

If grazing before pastures are ready is unavoidable, the negative impacts can be spread lightly across multiple pastures by only grazing each pasture for a few days before moving. The key is to not stay too long and only lightly grazing the fresh growth. Grazing will stress the vulnerable plants, however impacts can be limited if the plant is not grazed repeatedly and sufficient recovery time is allowed before being grazed again. As always, avoid grazing a pasture at the same time of year multiple years in a row. As a last resort, a sacrifice pasture can be designated to limit damage to a single pasture, however the negative impacts may last for many years.

Another option is to lightly graze introduced pastures, hay fields, or subirrigated areas while allowing native pastures to reach leaf minimums. Be cautious not to reduce hay produc-

Why grazing before pastures

CONTINUED FROM PAGE C26

tion later in the year by grazing these forages too short, not providing adequate rest following grazing, and if growing season precipitation is limited.

Resist the temptation to turn cattle out before grass is ready and use caution if there is no other option. Management practices now can have lasting impacts.

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Does growing location influence garlic flavor and health

Research dives into the correlation between garlic quality and growing location

Garlic is mainly consumed as a spice or condiment, giving flavor and aroma to other foods. And what gives garlic those wonderful aromas and flavors? The April 22nd Sustainable, Secure Food Blog looks at what influences flavor and health benefits.Researchers planting garlic in field

Different garlic cultivars accumulate varying amounts and types of these compounds, resulting in garlics with different flavor intensity and aromas.

In addition to its use in adding flavor to foods, folk medicine has attributed a multitude of health benefits to garlic consumption for centuries. These range from treating heart disease to its use as an antiparasitic agent. It wasn’t until recently that some of these claims were backed up by scientific research. Among them are blood thinning, antihypertensive, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties.

Garlic cultivars vary in the expected length of their postharvest conservation. Research has shown that garlic – and other bulbous vegetables like onion – had better postharvest conservation as the water content in their bulbs decreased. So, if the bulbs have more solid content (and less water content) at harvest, their postharvest performance is better. Thus, because total solids content is easy to measure, this trait is often used to predict the postharvest quality of garlics and onions.

Garlic cultivars vary genetically in their ability to accumulate these compounds that influence the flavor, health-related properties, and postharvest conservation of garlic bulbs.

Pablo Cavagnaro and Karina Barboza, from the National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) and the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Argentina collaborated on a research project where they cultivated 12 Argentine garlic cultivars in four locations of Mendoza, Argentina, over two years. This is the main region for garlic production in Argentina. The locations vary in climatic and soil characteristics. Once the garlics were harvested at each location, the team analyzed them for total organosulfur, phenolics, and solids content, as indicators of their flavor intensity, health-related properties, and postharvest quality.

To read more about the research findings and the entire blog, visit: https:// sustainable-secure-foodblog.com/2023/04/22/doesgrowing-location-influencegarlic-flavor-and-healthbenefits/

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Master Garden Tips

By Vicki Schmitt, Nebraska Extension Master Gardener

Want some pizazz in your yard? Ornamental Grasses can add color, texture, and height to your landscape without much maintenance. Consider your space and read tags carefully. Most ornamental grasses prefer full sun, but some can handle part shade. Be sure to check height predictions to find the best fit for your site. Ornamental grasses can provide interest through the winter, just cut off in early spring.

If your ornamental grass is starting to take on a doughnut shape with no growth in the middle, it’s trying to tell you something. It needs to be divided. Just dig up the clump, get rid of the dead center and divide the actively growing outer edge into smaller pieces and replant or share with friends. Spring is the best time to divide your ornamental grasses. Short on garden space? You can grow herbs in containers, raised beds, or the smallest garden plot. Herb plants are happiest in welldrained soil with plenty of sunshine. Plant seeds according to package directions and remember to thin them to the appropriate distance. Be cautious with mint. It is hardy and easy to grow but will take over if given the chance! Nothing spruces up a yard better than new mulch, but there are practical reasons to use mulch around your plants. Mulch keeps the soil temperature even and prevents water loss. Proper mulching discourages weeds and protects plant roots. Trees with shallow roots especially benefit when their roots are covered and protected from mower damage. So remember mulch isn’t just attractive. It is good for your plants! Want to save money on air conditioning? Plant the right trees. Trees and shrubs can reduce heating and cooling bills by providing summer shade and protection from winter winds. A deciduous tree, one that sheds its leaves in the winter, will provide shade for your home in the summer but still let winter sunlight through the branches. Careful planning can save money and energy.

By Katie Markheim, Nebraska Extension Master Gardener

Both FIFRA and the Nebraska Pesticide Act state that the label must be followed when making a pesticide application. Each product label has specific information regarding use to reduce risk to the applicator, other people, nontargets, and the environment. Some products may require additional data collection or training before applications. Others may require site investigation using FieldWatch, DriftWatch, or BeeCheck. Read and follow the label every time you use a pesticide. It’s the law.

Many vegetables have ornamental as well as food value and can be used as ornamentals where space for a traditional food garden is limited. They can be incorporated as decorative container plantings in outdoor living spaces, big or small, even in floral arrangements for a creative flair. I suggest using these vegetables as ornamentals: peppers, kale, ornamental corn, sweet potatoes, Swiss chard, okra, even tomatoes!

Remembering your roots. When choosing landscape plants, it’s easy to get distracted by the natural beauty offered at first site. Remember to check those roots! Purchase plants with healthy root systems. If plants are in containers, pull them out to observe the presence of healthy white or light-colored roots. Check for spiraling, girdling, or circling roots. This can be corrected at planting by scoring the sides and bottom of the root ball.

A landscape is an investment of time and money that can be a beautiful, functional, and satisfying living space.

Considerations when creating your outdoor space include:

Site preparation

Plant Selection by hardiness zone

Planting season

Spacing in the landscape

Planting depths

Watering habits

Staking, protecting, and mulching

These are aspects of integrated pest management and a great way to ensure the growth and longevity of your investment.

Moles, voles, and gophers…oh my! These burrowing rodents look harmless, but beware, they may be damaging your lawn, garden, tree plantings, or forage crops. They adversely affect turf and crops by directly feeding on roots, stems, and leaves by exposing plant roots to drying and burying plants with excavated soil. Never fear. Management is most effective when using a combination of controls such as trapping, exclusion, fumigants, repellents, or reducing food sources.

By Debbie Post, Nebraska Extension Master Gardener

What do you want from your garden? Fresh herbs and tomatoes from the vine? A lush lawn with flowering shrubs? Or a country cottage vibe in your city backyard? Vegetables

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2021 John Deere 6120M 486 hours, 3 function loader, AQ Plus Transmission, Comp Warranty $148,460

Master Garden Tips

CONTINUED FROM PAGE C30

fill your winter cellar? Or Blooming flowers from spring to fall? Knowing what you want to accomplish can help you take a look at your garden area, allowing you to make plans and help you adjust your goals to fit your space - If you can dream it, you can build it!

Your garden soil might need some extra help this spring. If your dirt is hard and clumpy, it probably has an excess of clay and needs better drainage. If it is thin and crumbly, it could lack moisture and nutrients. Adding amendments like aged manure, compost, peat moss, even egg shells, and coffee grounds can help improve your soil quality for increased garden harvest. Get your hands dirty and get digging.

Don’t buy your plants until you know how much sun they will be getting in the area where you plan to plant them. Making sure your plants have adequate sunlight for their specific needs is one of the most important aspects of gardening. Most labels on nursery plants will indicate how much sunlight they need on a daily basis .. Partial shade labels are the best options giving you the most flexibility in your gardening blueprint - Happy Planting!

Research studies have shown that people who garden have huge health benefits over their couch counterparts. They have lower blood pressure, pulse rates, decreased muscle tension, and improved mental health. People breathe deeper when they’re outside, which helps clear out the lungs, improving digestion and immune response. Not to mention the improved diet when eating those fruits and vegetables harvested from your own garden. Go green, get healthy, plant a garden.

Your USDA hardiness zone is a system that classifies your geographical area according to its seasonal temperatures and can help you choose your plants more appropriately. Basically, higher average temperatures equate to higher planting zone numbers. It’s possible to grow something just outside of your growing zone, but you might need to make more adjustments for it to thrive better. Zone in and get planting!

#####

The Lone Ranger woke to see his tent blown away by a tornado.

He declared, “Tonto, we’re not in canvas anymore.”

#####

Q: Why did the man name his dogs Rolex and Timex?

A: Because they were watch dogs.

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Predictive technology to dial in precision agriculture approaches

By Reagan Colyer, MSU News Service

A new predictive technology pioneered by a team of researchers in the Montana State University College of Agriculture and Norm Asbjornson College of Engineering was outlined in a February edition of the journal Agriculture. The ongoing research has developed a program that can generate planting and management recommendations for growers based on weather and economic variables and be tailored to the producer’s specific growing sites.

The program, called On-Farm Precision Experimentation, or OFPE, was developed by Bruce Maxwell, a professor in the Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, along with alumnus Paul Hegedus and graduate students Sasha Loewen and Hannah Duff. The team collaborated with MSU computer scientists, led by professor John Sheppard of MSU’s Gianforte School of Computing, along with graduate students Giorgio Morales and Amy Peerlinck.

data and receive a series of recommendations, each accompanied by a probability of success. Maxwell likened it to helping farmers become better gamblers, analyzing the odds of success for different possible approaches.

“Most agricultural research has been focused on a deterministic approach, finding the average that works the best across all scenarios,” said Maxwell. “We’ve changed that to the approach of identifying the chance you’ll get your desired outcome, based on the decisions you make. This ability to extract data that’s now so available means that we can draw on that to perfect these predictive models over time.”

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Since 2015, the team has been developing and fine-tuning predictive technology that can synthesize past farm, weather and economic data to model the likelihood of success for different management approaches, such as date and amount of fertilizer application, seeding rate or planting date. Based on those variables, the OFPE program generates suggestions for seeding rate and fertilizer applications that are most likely to result in the highest return on investment for a producer’s goals, from overall yield to grain protein content.

Funding sources for the long-term project included the Montana Research and Economic Development Initiative, or MREDI; grants from the Montana Fertilizer Advisory Council and the U.S. Department of Agriculture NIFA; and Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Innovation Grants, or CIGs, in collaboration with the University of Illinois.

“This project combines not only data from farms, but also data that we collect from satellite sources, and one of the philosophies behind that is that we don’t want to generate another cost for farmers,” said Hegedus, who completed his doctorate at MSU in 2022 and who is the primary author of the article in Agriculture.

Since most modern agricultural equipment automatically tracks data related to seeding rate and fertilizer application, the OFPE program can analyze years’ worth of past data to draw connections between weather patterns, management approaches and final yield and profit. Combining that small-scale data with satellite data for past weather conditions allows the modeling program to learn the relationships between large-scale weather trends and production data. That predictive capability is what makes OFPE unique, said Hegedus.

“We use those models to take it one step further and simulate what their net return and yield outcomes might be under different conditions,” he said. “That could mean different management scenarios like fertilizer rates. Incorporating past data for those variables helps make predictions easier. For instance, if we think weather for 2023 might be like weather from 2005, we can plug in weather data from 2005 to help dial in what their yield might be under those weather conditions.”

Over time, the program will get better at making predictions, said Maxwell, because it will have more years’ worth of data to draw from. The ultimate goal is to create a tool where farmers can plug in their own

Maxwell’s other graduate students have studied additional aspects of OFPE’s potential that may appeal to other types of growers. Duff’s work focused on the potential for ecological benefits if consistently unproductive plots of land are reverted to a natural state, populated by native plants and insects. Those areas, called ecological refuges, showed potential for higher yield due to the increased biodiversity they provide, and OFPE can simulate net returns and results if a farmer were to create an ecological refuge on their own site.

Loewen’s graduate studies applied a similar approach to organic systems, and both Duff and Loewen plan to publish their own findings in the future.

Through the collaborations with MSU’s computing school, the OFPE project has also furthered the modeling approach by introducing advanced methods in deep learning, said Sheppard.

“By utilizing the rich data sets collected from on-farm experiments, we are able to learn not only what the likely results of different fertilizer or seeding rates might be but also quantify the uncertainty and explain why the predictions are made,” he said.

Sheppard’s graduate students are developing the primary modeling methods and developing new approaches to designing experiments, combined with optimizing the inputs to the fields at a site-specific level, said Sheppard. Morales’ work is focused on developing learning models to help farmers understand the impacts of their input decisions, and Peerlinck’s work incorporates the combination of economic and environmental objectives in the technology through a process known as “multi-objective optimization.”

So far, the takeaways from the OFPE research in conventional systems have been highly effective, said Hegedus. His own doctoral work compared the effectiveness of OFPE’s recommendations to previous approaches taken by farmers without the technology’s recommendations. And because OFPE can generate specific recommendations for different areas of a single farm, suggested approaches are often more precise and efficient.

“We found that in 100% of the fields across all weather conditions, our sitespecific approaches would be more profitable,” he said. “What’s more, in half of those scenarios, the producer would also be applying less nitrogen fertilizer, which also saves them money.”

Maxwell said that the current application of OFPE requires producers to provide data to the MSU team, who can then set up an on-farm experiment to generate recommendations through the predictive program. He hopes that ultimately, that process can be automated so that producers can use it on

Adequate nutrition for breeding season success

By Kacie McCarthy, UNL Cow-Calf Specialist; Travis Mulliniks, UNL Beef Cattle Nutritionist, Range Production Systems

We ask a lot from our cows come breeding season. We expect her to be providing adequate nutrients for calf growth (lactating), we expect her reproductive tract to repair and return to estrus prior to the start of breeding. All these expectations are within 90 days after calving to maintain a yearly calving interval.

So, what are some considerations that we can think about to meet nutritional requirements in our cows at breeding and have a successful breeding season? Those considerations may include quality and quantity of the consumed forage, nutrient requirements, and understanding what feed resources options we may need to consider helping meet those requirements.

Evaluate your Forage Base

When evaluating your forage base, we need to think about two things: 1) Can a cow eat all she wants in a given day?

2) What is the quality of forage she is consuming? During drought or drought conditions, we may see reductions in both quality and quantity of your forage. More resources related to forage management during a drought can be found on our drought page: https://beef.unl.edu/cattleproduction/drought.

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Henke snow plow off Cat 621B loader, ACS coupler, hyd angle snowblade with float, hyd snowgate. $7500

LOADERS

2012 Cat 924K high lift machine, hydraulic quick coupler, 12,000 hours. $74,500

1994 Cat IT28F, runs and operates. Does not shift properly $17,900

SKIDSTEER

2020 Deere 332G manual quick coupler, 2 speed, wheel machine (new tires), enclosed cab, heat, A/C, comes with 84” bucket. 4600 hours. $46,000

Deere 324G 1200 hours. Good tires $48,000

Depending on when your breeding season occurs, knowing the quality of your forage and body condition of your cows will be key in knowing how to proceed. Forage quality of native range tends to peak around June and starts declining in July until November.

Cow’s Requirements and Strategic Supplementation

Typically, when cows are moving from mid- to late gestation, energy requirements will increase by 25% and protein requirements by 10%. However, post-calving is where the greatest nutrient demand is occurring due to lactation. Table 1 illustrates the increased energy and protein intake differences to meet late gestation and early lactation requirements for a 1,200-pound mature beef cow with 20 pounds of milk production.

Table 1. Maintenance requirements for a 1,200-pound mature beef cow with 20 pounds of milk

CP, lb/d TDN, lb/d

Late gestation 1.9 12.9

Early lactation 2.8 16.0

Generally, weight loss occurs after calving due to an inadequate supply of nutrients to support milk production. To overcome some of these hurdles, supplementation is generally recommended if forage protein and energy are inadequate.

Developing an effective supplementation strategy that meets the needs of the lactating cow is critical to improve performance. One thing to keep in mind is that protein sources are not all created equal for a beef cow. During early lactation and throughout the breeding season, we find that cows are often consuming diets that are insufficient in metabolizable protein, but not insufficient in overall dietary crude protein. To increase the supply of metabolizable protein to the cow, a protein source high in rumen undegradable protein may need to be utilized. Historically, research over the last 40 years have shown that feeding rumen undegradable protein sources to lactating cows has resulted in increased pregnancy

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Predictive technology to dial in precision agriculture approaches

CONTINUED FROM PAGE C32 their own to select between possible approaches. He also noted that OFPE has never been intended to make decisions for producers. Instead, it is designed to provide them with more accurate, detailed information to make those decisions themselves.

“This isn’t a new gadget that a farmer has to buy to get at this data. We want to make this as automated and accessible as possible,” said Maxwell. “The eventual idea is that we can make these tools something to interact with, so farmers can run simulations based on the performance of their own field to generate suggestions. We’re trying to make this something that makes our individual farmers more money, based on information tailored for their specific needs.”

Adequate nutrition for breeding season success

CONTINUED FROM PAGE C34 rates, increased calf weaning weight, and cows cycling sooner after calving.

Strategic supplementation with rumen undegradable protein may have the greatest promise in two- and three-yearold range cows after calving due to their high lactational and growth requirements. Beginning supplementation soon after calving and continuing through breeding may be a good strategy if forages are lower quality and nutritional demands are higher. These first calf females need to consume a diet that is at least 62% TDN and 10 to 11% CP, depending on the level of milk production expected after calving. Keep in mind that a good energy source (like distillers or an RUP supplement) will be important to think about during this stage of production.

Other Management Options

Perhaps we have evaluated our forage base and realize that we may not have enough grass available to get us through the fall. What are some management considerations that we may need to think about? The first that comes to mind would be early weaning. Implementing early weaning with our young (two and three-year old) cows may be advantageous if they are losing condition. This would allow for lactational demands to be reduced and reduce the amount of forage consumed. The difference in forage intake among our lactating versus a non-lactating cow is about 5 pounds of forage per head per day. Additionally, about 10 pounds of forage is conserved for each day a calf is weaned.

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At a holiday party, two strangers struck up a conversation. After some small talk surrounding work and family, the subject of interests came up. The first woman said, “I’m an avid golfer. I play anytime I get the chance.” To which the second woman responded, “I used to play, but I wasn’t very good and eventually I gave it up.” “You were really that bad?” the first woman inquired. “Yes, I used to score in the low seventies consistently.” “Really?” the avid golfer responded somewhat impressed. “Really,” the second women admitted. “On nearly every hole.”

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BARLEY: Moravian 165, Bill Coors 100 (Molson-Coors contract varieties available here) Hockett, AC Metcalfe, Haymaker and others

SPRING WHEAT:

WB9879CLP*, WB9724CLP*, WB9668, Lanning (high yield Vida replacement) Fortuna, Duclair, HammerAx CoAXium* and others *(PVP) Varieties CLP - Clearfield Plus

WARM SEASON GRASSES: Millet Sorghum Sudan

DURUM: Alzada

For Alforex products and BASF Clearfield Wheats

PULSE CROPS: Lentils, Early Star Yellow Peas, Banner and Aragorn for contract production

FORAGE BLEND

Custom blended or stock blend of 1/3 hay barley, 1/3 forage peas, and 1/3 oats

ALFALFA:

Alforex varieties: AFX429 Rugged and AFX 439 NEW Resolute, Magnum 7, Magnum 7 wet, L-442RR, HayPro, Ladak, Ladak ‘65, and others

The learning process continues until the day you die.

I have never been hurt by anything I didn’t say.

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