EUROPEAN ON-LINE MAGAZINE - April 2018 Transport Web Snc - www.bustocoach.com
Bus To Coach MAN LION’S CITY NEW
EFFICIENT HYBRID EU MARKET - TRANSPORTS PUBLICS - IBE RIMINI - SAFETY - FLIXBUS - IRIZAR - MERCEDES CITARO ELECTRIC - MAN LION’S CITY - COLUMS
MAGAZINE ON-LINE linked www.bustocoach.com - April 2018 DIRECT LINK
BusToCoach
COLUMS
European on-line magazine Editor in chief
Marino Ginanneschi
marino.ginanneschi@bustocoach.com
Managing editor and International relations
Elena Prearo
elena.prearo@bustocoach.com
Advertaising
EU MARKET 2018 begins with a positive trend.
TRANSPORTS PUBLICS IBE RIMINI See you next June Busy schedule for the in Paris. exhibition in October.
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IRU Proposals for transport safety.
FLIXBUS Tests for electric transportation.
IN THE FOREGROUND
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IRIZAR The range of vehicles for e-mobility.
MERCEDES-BENZ All merits of the new Citaro Electric.
MAN TRUCK & BUS The new Lion’s City is also ‘Mild Hybrid’.
If you want to sell or buy a bus, here’s the right way. HIGH TECH STORE Kiepe Electric, Arconic, Ekoenergetyk, Allison.
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FLASH NEWS
BusToCoach on-line Magazine - April 2018
SCANIA CHASSIS IN NIGERIA
ONE IRIZAR ELECTRIC BUS IN VALENCIA
he Nigerian operator Transport Services Ltd (TSL) ordered fter the tests carried out last June/July in Valencia, Spain, the T 250 buses on Scania chassis with Marcopolo body. The Amunicipal transport company EMT bought its first electric buses will be delivered by Marcopolo during the first half of vehicle: an Irizar i.e. bus. Unveiled last February, the electric
2018. The vehicles will be built on Scania’s 2-axle low-entry chassis featuring a 9-litre 250 hp engine (K250UB4X2) and will be fitted out with Marcopolo’s Viale bus body model. In addition, Marcopolo will deliver 50 buses of its smaller Volare model, built on a Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus chassis (Volksbus 10.150OD). “The choice of Scania and Marcopolo as suppliers is in line with our strategy of becoming a leading player within public transport in Nigeria. The companies supply robust and passenger-friendly buses with favourable operating costs,” saidTSL’s CEO Deji Wright. Scania’s efforts to boost its presence in West Africa began with the establishment in Ghana, where the company has delivered about 400 buses and coaches since 2014.
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OTOKAR ALSO IN JORDAN
bus was presented along with another 35 hybrid technology units. It’s 12 m. long and fitted with three doors, security cameras, Eco Assist system. The capacity is up to 76 passengers and the range stated by the manufacturer is over 200 km. Electric and hybrid buses in Valencia are deployed in the city centre. ”This is a serious commitment by EMT”, said Joan Ribç, Mayor of Valencia, “aimed at the modernization in line with environmental sustainability guidelines and challenges we currently face: a cause for satisfation”.
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SOLARIS HYBRIDS IN POLAND
olaris Bus & Coach has signed a contract in the S Polish town of Szczecin for the supply of 16 Urbino buses with serial hybrid drive. The order includes
tokar was awarded a contract in Jordan. The Greater O Amman Municipality ordered 100 buses including 40 Otokar Kent and 60 Vectio buses. Both the models have
a low floor and are fitted with air conditioning system and safety devices such as ABS, ASR. The Vectio model will be also fitted with a ramp for wheelchair at the exit. “Having exported nearly 5,000 buses”, stated the Turkish manufacturer, “Otokar has increased its total vehicle park to 2,500 levels in key target export markets, namely France, Italy and Spain.”
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VAN HOOL SIGNS FOR HYDROGEN
he Belgian manufacturer has signed a contract with RVK T Köln and WSW Wuppertal (Germany) to supply 40 fuel cell buses of the latest generation. The unique order con-
sists of 30 vehicles for Cologne and 10 for Wuppertal. It’s the largest order for hydrogen-powered vehicles ever been placed in Europe. The buses will be built in the Van Hool’S factory in Koningshooikt. The first units will be delivered in the spring of 2019. Alle the buses are hybrids (fuel cell and batteries) of the Van Hool A330 type with dual axles and a length of 12 m. They will be fitted with a 210-kW Siemens PEM electric traction motor and the latest FCvelocity-HD85 Fuel Cell module from Ballard Power Systems (Canada). On board 29 seated passengers plus 46 standing passengers (Cologne) and 49 (Wuppertal). In addition, there is space for two wheelchair users and a pram. «Thanks to the hybrid power source», pointed out Van Hool, «the buses, with a tank capacity of 38.2kg of hydrogen on board, will be able to carry out a full day’s schedule of 350 km».
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eight articulated vehicles and as many 12-metre units. This is the second-largest Polish contract for Solaris hybrid buses this year. The electric engine is powered from a power storage facility. That device, in turn, is charged through a generator using a diesel engine with a capacity of merely 4.5 litres, for a 12-metre vehicle. A zero emission function is available in the new Solaris Urbino hybrid which renders the vehicle similar to an electric bus. Thanks to the installation of the Stop-and-Go system, the diesel engine turns off completely during stopovers at bus stops and the opening of doors, but it turns on again immediately after the supercapacitators run out of power. A GPS has been installed in the vehicle, too, including corresponding software that allows for the activation of the Arrive-and-Go function. This option allows to switch off the diesel engine as the bus is approaching a bus stop.
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BIG ORDER FOR OTOKAR
he European branch of the Turkish producer, Otokar EuT rope SAS, has been awarded by Bucharest Municipality for delivery of 400 buses. The contract is worth 98.3 million
euro in total. This is Turkey’s highest bus export in a single deal. Delivery of the first 100 buses is planned for this summer and the remaining 300 for the next year. “With this contract we have also broken our own record for bus exports”, said Serdar Görgüç, Otokar General Manager. “In addition to offering new generation inner city buses with lengths ranging from 10 to 18 metres to the people of Bucharest, we will also provide aftersales services for eight years to Bucharest Municipality.”
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BusToCoach on-line Magazine - April 2018
2018 OPENS WITH GROWTH
There are positive signals from the European bus market this year. According to the ACEA data, after the first two months of the year there was an increase of about 5%
ast year the season ended with zero L growth, but the bus market has reversed course and the trend is now positive - at least
for the first two months of 2018. The news was announced by the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA), which in the periodic survey on registered commercial and industrial vehicles underlines an increase of 5.2% for the bus sector. The figure refers to vehicles over 3.5 tons of weight registered in the European Union. Overall, we’re talking about 5,909 units compared to 5,617 in January-February 2017. In the Western basin, demand rose significantly in Spain, where the number of registrations increased from 455 to 664 vehicles, marking a progress of 45.9%. The growth affected also the Italian market but the performance was less bril-
liant: 735 buses compared to 691 in the first two months of 2017 (+ 6.4%). Performance of France, on the other hand, remained negative with registrations that decreased from 750 to 626 (-16.5%). A decrease was recorded also in Germany, although with significantly lower percentages (-1.7%); the United Kingdom dropped by 6.5% unlike the neighboring Ireland where the number of registered buses increased by 44.1%. In Eastern Europe, Croatia stood out, with an increase of up to three figures (+ 130%). But the real boom was recorded in the Baltic area with the increase of Lithuania: + 146.4%. The other Baltic countries also did very well (Latvia + 81%, Estonia + 43.8%). A bullish trend was recorded also in Poland where the number of registrations increased by 81.3%.
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New medium and heavy buses & coaches registrations in the EU - 12 month trend from March 2016 to February 2017
4,500
from March 2017 to February 2018
-0.3
+9.1 +17.8
4,000
+5.0
3,500
-9.9
+2.7
-8.8
+4.1
3,000
+7.1
-13.4
+-5.9
+1.9
2,500 2,000 1,500
‘16 / ’17 March
‘16 / ’17 April
‘16 / ’17 May
‘16 / ’17 June
‘16 / ’17 July
‘16 / ’17 August
‘16 / ’17 Sept.
‘16 / ’17 ‘16 / ’17 ‘16 / ’17 ‘17 / ’18 October Novemb. Decemb. January
‘17 / ’18 Febbruary
TRANSPORTS PUBLICS IN PARIS
The European Mobility Exhibition will be back in the French capital from 12 to 14 June. Exhibitions, conferences, presentations, competitions and awards
hat’s going on in European public tranW sportation? What are the latest news in terms of products, services and transport po-
licies? The Transport Publics 2018, the biennial exhibition dedicated to European mobility and organized by GIE Objectif transport public, will answer to these and other questions. Over 250 exhibitors and 11 thousand visitors in 2016. This year’s edition will include a special focus on innovations related to energy and the environment, marked by the slogan ‘Move Green!’. In regards to this, the exhibition will host a series of innovations designed to address environmental challenges: from new fuels to new vehicle designs, emission measurement solutions and so on. As always, many conferences and presentations are scheduled. In addition to these, different competitions will be launched by
the organizers to stimulate innovation and comparison in the most diverse areas. From the Innovation Awards which will honour the best innovations by exhibitors presented at the show, to the European Talent in Mobility Awards which will honour women and men working to nurture public transport and sustainable mobility across Europe, to the Golden Bus Award which aims to promote and enhance the profession of bus driver. This year’s novelty is the first edition of the European ‘Smart Move Challenge’ competition that will reward innovations developed by mobility startups. Companies which are interested can submit their application online on www.transportspublics-expo.com between 19 February and 6 April 2018. Transports Publics 2018 will take place at the Paris-Expo of Porte de Versailles from 12 to 14 June. More articles about International events: www.bustocoach.com/en/node/2440/articoli_nref_eventi
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BusToCoach on-line Magazine - April 2018
IBE 2018 WILL BE HELD IN RIMINI
The International Bus Expo will be held on October. The exhibition area will be expanded, public local transport will be enhanced and the focus will be on disability ext autumn, Rimini will host again the InN ternational Bus Expo (IBE), the biennial exhibition dedicated to the bus and its supply
chain. It is organized by the Italian Exhibition Group, which, since November 2016, merges Rimini Fiera and Fiera di Vicenza. For this edition, the organizers announce a larger exhibition area, enhancement of local public transport, and in-depth analysis of disability issues, of course related to collective mobility. 'Bus for people’ is the claim for IBE 2018. “In fact, people are at the centre of the message: students, business men, tourists, commuters ...”, explain the organizers, “is the growing and different way of using the bus that guides choices, always oriented to flexible and punctual service. The image chosen wants to reflect this vision, with references to the main
themes for the sector: smart technologies, innovation, zero emissions.” Now in its 8th edition, the International Bus Expo debuted as a single exhibition in 2016 after a parallel experience with the TTG Travel Experience, the b2b annual tourism fair. A choice that proved to be successful given the number of visitors and specialized operators (6,815 visitors registered in 2016). Among the main profiles of IBE visitors, 53% is represented by bus operators, 27% by bus charterers, 8% by public transport companies, 7% by institutions and public bodies, 2% by drivers. IBE 2018 will take place at the Rimini exhibition center from 24 to 26 October. For more information please visit www.internationalbusexpo.it More articles about International events: www.bustocoach.com/en/node/2440/articoli_nref_eventi
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SAFETY COMES FIRST
IRU recommendations to European legislators on the proposal to modify the EU rules on driving and rest time and digital tachograph
he International Union of Road TranT sport (IRU) welcomes the European Commission’s proposals on driving, rest time and tachographs. The key IRU priorities for this revision are the creation of a fairer competitive framework in the road freight transport, passenger and logistics market, the simplification and clarification of the existing rules, a more aligned implementation and application of current standards. Supporting coach tourism sector IRU, together with the European Travel Agents’ and Tour Operators’ Associations (ECTAA) and the European Tourism Association (ETOA), is highlighting safety-first in improvements to coach services. The call for a more flexible approach to weekly rest periods and the 12-day derogation, currently proposed at institutional
level, is based on this pattern. “There is no evidence to suggest that the approach would lead to increased driver fatigue or accident risk,” stated IRU. “Rather, greater flexibility in the management of daily driving times could lead to less stress for the driver in performing daily tasks”. What immediately stands out is that the journey by coach travel is different to other transport activities, with driving patterns allowing drivers to rest during the frequent and lengthy stops determined by the tour programme. Most driving is concentrated within the first and last day of a tour. “Specific and improved rules for coach tourism operators and drivers would lift barriers to better service,” said Matthias Maedge, who leads IRU’s work in the European Union.
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BusToCoach on-line Magazine - April 2018
LONG-DISTANCE ELECTRIC BUSES From April, Flixbus will test electric bus service on the Paris-Amines route. Another test will follow in Germany 'he introduction of electric powered buses T is no longer a novelty in city services. Things are different as far as suburban sec-
tor is concerned. To bet on long-distance electric mobility is Flixbus, an operator specialized in low cost bus travel in Italy and Europe. Beginning in April, the German operator will start test operations with two electric buses on the route between Paris and Amiens (about 140 km on road). From the summer 2018, it plans to extend the test in Germany, adding a further electric bus between the regions of Hessen and Baden-Württemberg. In both cases, the vehicles are manufactured in China: the two buses destined for France are Yutong ICe 12 while the one for Germany is a BYD C9. The first are 12.36 meters long and can accommodate 53 seats. They are commercialized in France by Die-
trich Carebus and they are equipped with 258 kWh lithium iron phosphate batteries placed in the lower part of the vehicle. The range declared by the manufacturer is 200-250 km according to the different use. The BYD C9 is a 12-meter model which can accommodate 49 passengers. It is powered by a synchronous motor (180 kWX2) and equipped with 365 kWh lithium iron phosphate batteries. The range declared is 250 km. «Our goal is to help shape the future of mobility», said André Schwämmlein, founder and CEO of FlixBus, «and we are convinced that E-Bus will be a worthwhile investment in the long run, for our company, our customers and the environment » Flixbus is a company founded in 2013 in Munich (Germany). The network includes over 200 thousand daily connections for a total of 1,200 destinations in 26 countries.
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COMPONENTS ON LINE For a comprehensive list of Suppliers of bus components in Italy and in Europe visit: www.bustocoach.com/en
To search for individual company profiles visit: http://www.bustocoach.com/en/ content/suppliers-italy http://www.bustocoach.com/en/ content/suppliers-europe
BusToCoach on-line Magazine - April 2018
HIGH TECH STORE
KIEPE ELECTRIC
ARCONIC
additional electric bus projects. In Italy, from 2019 onward, nine electric buses with IMC charging technology from Kiepe Electric will be operating on the new Rapid Coast Transport (TRC) line between Rimini and Riccione. A traction battery enables the buses to access and exit the electrified route along roads with no overhead lines. In Germany, the City of Esslingen is to expand its battery-powered trolleybus fleet to ten vehicles. The mass transit authority has been running four electric buses from Kiepe Electric on scheduled line service since 2016. The focus here is on the enhancement of the company’s ground-breaking In Motion Charging technology. With the new IMC 500 system and an improved traction battery, the buses will now be able to draw up to 500 kW of power from the overhead lines, boosting their performance above all on uphill stretches. In the U.S. market, the Greater Dayton Regional Transit Authority (GDRTA) based in Ohio has taken up an option for 26 dual-mode electric buses that are to replace its current trolleybuses.
nufacturing plant at the Arconic-Köfém Kft site in Hungary. The facility will significantly expand Arconic’s capacity to produce forged aluminum Alcoa Wheels (under license from Alcoa USA Corp.), the lightest heavy-duty truck and bus wheels. The 130 million dollars investment will enable Arconic to double European production capacity over time, with growth in key markets in Europe, Latin America, Australia and Asia. Production should begin at the end of 2019. Arconic’s Wheels entered the commercial transportation market in Europe 22 years ago with only 32 employees, and has grown to more than 500 today in Hungary. The new facility is expected to bring about 200 new jobs to the region. Alcoa wheels are made from a single piece of fully forged aluminum, making them 47% lighter and five times stronger than steel wheels of the same size, increasing payload and fuel efficiency. For city buses, weight savings offered by Arconic’s wheel solutions also help extend the driving range of electric vehicles.
he specialist in zerconic Wheel and TransporT ro-emission drive Atation Products has started announces orders for construction of a new wheel ma-
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EKOENERGETYKA
T
Select products by category and read available components details: http://www.bustocoach.com/en/ content/components-italy http://www.bustocoach.com/en/ content/components-europe
he City of Malmö, in Sweden, has signed a contract with Ekoenergetyka for the delivery of three 300kW QuickPOINT City Chargers. The devices will be equipped with an inverted pantograph and connected to an external monitoring system branded Ekoenergetyka which gathers data about charging processes in real time, ensuring smooth operating of the process. Interoperability will be guaranteed, as the chargers will follow international charging protocol ISO 15118 which defines communication between the chargers and the buses and use the industry-supported OppCharge system. The three devices will be deployed in fall and will charge electric buses that will enter into operation at the end of 2018. In addition to charging stations, Ekoenergetyka-Polska is also responsible for the civil works and the maintenance of battery chargers.
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ALLISON
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llison automatic transmission A on the Muson River tourist train, the top model of the Dotto
Trains range. Muson River features a five-speed Allison Series 2500 transmission combined with a Euro 6 4-cylinder turbo diesel engine. Unlike manual or automated gearboxes, Allison transmissions feature ‘Continuous Power Technology’ which allows the power of the engine to be transmitted to the wheels without interruption. «The choice of Allison automatics for Dotto was mainly driven by requests coming from foreign markets, where this type of transmission goes the most», explains Fausto Rebuffoni, Managing Director of Ofira Italiana, Allison’s Italian distributor consulted in 2012 to collaborate to the new ‘automatic’ version of the Muson River 2x4 version. Dotto Trains is an Italian company based in Castelfranco Veneto and specialized in the construction of tourist trains starting from 1962. Over 2,500 the units sold to date all over the world.
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BusToCoach on-line Magazine - April 2018
IRIZAR ELECTRIC SERIES
The ‘ie’ range consists of models with lengths of 10, 12 and 18 meters. The vehicles are 100% electric and they are equipped with Irizar Group technology ince the launch of the first Irizar-branS ded electric bus in 2014, the Basque manufacturer can now offer a complete range for 100% electric passenger transport. The range is developed and manufactured by Irizar e-mobility, a company of the Irizar Group that operates in the development of electric vehicles and infrastructures for
energy recharging and storage. Three models are available: in addition to the 12-meter ie bus with up to 82 seats, there is the more compact version which is 10.85 meters long with 76 seats and, since the end of last year, the 18.76-meter articulated ie bus with a maximum capacity of 155 passengers. The latter is also offered in the ‘ie tram’ version which was awarded
Bus of the Year 2018 in Spain and Environmentally Friendly Industrial Vehicle of the Year 2018, always in Spain. IRIZAR ELECTRIC BUSES The Irizar 10- and 12-meter buses ie bus 10m ie bus 12 m ie bus/ie tram 18m are powered by the synchronous motor branded Siemens with a power output of 180 kW, while the Length mm 10,850 11,980 18,760 ie bus/tram is powered by the syn Width mm 2,550 2,550 2,550 chronous engine manufactured by Height mm 3,209 3,209 3,400 Alconza, a company of the Irizar Wheelbase mm 4,645 5,770 5,980+6,540 Group, and can produce a power Front overhang mm 2,805 2,805 2,805 output of 235 kW. Rear overhang mm 3,405 3,405 3,405 As far as the accumulators is con Seats max 76 82 155 cerned, the 10- and 12-meter mo Electric motor Siemens, synchronous Siemens, synchronous Alconza, synchronous dels are fitted with Sodium-Nickel batteries. Their power output en Power/torque kW/Nm 180/1,500 (nominal) 180/1,500 (nominal) 235/2,300 (nominal) sures the vehicle daily operational Battery type Sodium Nickel Sodium Nickel Lithium Ion requirements with a slow charging Total capacity kWh 282-329 282-376 90-150 cycle while in storage (6/7 hours). Rechargin system Plug-in 125 A Plug-in 125 A Plug-in 125 A The power output is 282-329 kWh Rechargin time 6-7 h 6-7 h 3h for the shortest version and 282 Rechargin system (op.) Pantograph 500 kW 376 for the 12-meter bus.
In the articulated electric bus, the 90-150 kWh battery pack is intended to withstand high power peaks and is charged during the journey by rapid charging processes thanks to the new pantograph. It can be connected to the charger in automatic or manual mode. In this case, the batteries are Lithium-Ion LTO (Lithium Titanate). The market response to the electric buses branded Irizar was soon visible. In three years, the vehicles in regular service have become forty. These vehicles currently circulate mostly in Spain. But if you analyse the orders, things are different. Of the 90 vehicles so far commissioned, about sixty are destined for the French market. In this regard, very important was the deal in Amiens, in the north of France, where Irizar signed on November 2017 the biggest European contract for the supply of electric buses: 42 units of the ie tram.
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More articles about Irizar: www.bustocoach.com/en/node/487/articoli-costruttore-europa
BusToCoach on-line Magazine - April 2018
CITARO FULL ELECTRIC Start of series production by the end of the year for the full-electric Mercedes Citaro. Its strength is the energy efficiency of the equipment
he world premiere of the 12-meter vaT riant will take place next September at the IAA in Hannover. We are talking about
the full-electric Mercedes Citaro. A proposal that brings Mercedes back into the increasingly crowded context of international competitors involved in e-mobility. The Citaro is now taking the next step from low-emission solutions (with Euro VI diesel and gas-powered combustion engines, up to the recent Mild Hybrid) to locally zero-emission buses. It is always good to remember that all electric vehicles are locally ‘environmentally friendly’, but can not eliminate obviously the polluting emissions generated in the production phase of electricity in coal or gas plants.
In addition to raise the problem of disposing of a large number of batteries, it also results in a not very ‘economically sustainable’ purchase cost of the vehicle: the price of an electric bus can be two to two and a half times more compared to a diesel Euro VI bus. Having said this, it must be recognized that in designing the Citaro Electric, attention was focused first of all on the energy efficiency of the technical equipment, tested individually as well as in interaction with others. Secondly, with the support of a comprehensive consulting structure in the field of electromobility (eMobility Consulting), that ranges from the choices related to the operation of vehicles, charging infrastructuèè
Electric Citaro with intelligent module concept HV battery cluster (HVBC) (2-6 HV batteries)
air conditioning/ heat pump
optional pantograph
auxsiliaries carrier rear
cooling system with 24 V fan
position Combo 2 charging connector
HV air compressor
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ENERGY EFFICIENCY he critical point the requirements of
of all electric buses is the range. By and large, this problem is solved by acting on the battery capacity, but getting to the bottom of it, it is necessary to intervene on all the devices that contribute to energy consumption. Energy consumption is strongly impacted by climatic conditions and therefore by cooling and above all by the heating of the interior. On the Citaro Electric, refined in every detail, compared with the current Citaro with internal combustion engine, the energy requirement for heating, ventilation and climate control has been reduced by about 40%. But which actions have
been taken? First of all the use of CO2 as a coolant, enables very efficient use of the heat pump even at very low temperatures, up to minus 10 degrees Celsius. Furthermore, through the axle load sensors, the heating and climate control systems output is regulated according to the number of passengers on board. The heating and climate control systems are configured in accordance with
the Association of German Transport Companies (VDV). If the temperature outside is extreme, comfort level is slightly reduced in favour of energy consumption. The criterion for the climate control of the driver’s workplace, which is controlled separately, is different and the aim is to maintain a temperature of 24 degrees even with extreme outside temperatures. All components that give off heat are linked together, to minimize the energy consumption and to increase battery life, their cooling is undertaken by a separate battery cooling device, boosted by the climate control of the passenger compartment if necessary.
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electro hydraulic steering
res and assistance. The drive system of the new Citaro Electric is based on the tried and tested ZF AVE 130 electric portal axle with electric motors at the wheel hubs, each delivering 125 kW of power output and 485 Nm of torque. The power supply relies on lithium-ion batteries with a total capacity of up to about 243 kWh. These are modular in design: the batteries are split between up to ten modules, each supplying around 25 kWh. In addition to two battery modules on the roof, the standard equipment includes four battery modules in the rear of the bus. They
eAxle
HV battery cluster (HVBC) (4 HV batteries)
are located on the left-hand side in the direction of travel, in the place of the current drive system combination of combustion engine and transmission. On request, a further two or four battery modules may be mounted on the roof of Citaro. Each battery module is made up of 15 cell modules and a control unit for monitoring purposes and as a means of balancing the charge of the battery cells. The Citaro uses prismatic cells with a capacity of 37 Ah each. The total weight of the batteries is about 2.5 èè
T
DAIMLER BUSES IN THE WORLD ropean Union, Switzerland
IN
2017 Daimler Buses sold 28,676 buses and chassis worldwide, a 9.3% increase compared to the previous year. Revenue therefore increased by 4.2% (4.351 billion euro) and the EBIT was slightly below the levels of 2016 (243 million euro
against 249 of 2016). The Latin American markets made a decisive contribution with sales increased by 18.8% (16.180 units) and the Asian markets recorded a +33.5% (2,348 units). A slight decrease (-1.7% with 8,687 units) instead for sales in the EU30 area (Eu-
and Norway). For 2018, Daimler Buses managers expect further sales and profit growth, thanks to ongoing investments both as far as model range expansion and the implementation of the CASE strategy is concerned (Connectivity, Autonomous Driving, Flexible Use and E-Mobility). Important will be also the deployment of vehicles in the African markets (two new models in collaboration with DT Dobie Kenya) and in East Asia with the local partner MFTB Taiwan Company Ltd. Finally, in North America the collaboration with REV Coach LLC for the commercialization and after-sales of Setra buses in the United States and Canada has began.
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eMOBILITY CONSULTING
he Citaro Electric is far more than just a vehicle for Daimler Buses. Aware of the fact that choosing electric mobility means rethinking the way buses are used for urban mobility, Daimler Buses provides companies with the advisory service eMobility Consulting during the purchase phase. Based on the customers’ expectations, an individual analysis is performed, collecting complete data ranging from the length of the route to passenger numbers, up to the average speed. A simulation programme then
calculates the energy needs. Overall, detailed recommendations and calculations relating to charging infrastructure, energy consumption, load capability of the power supply at the depot and charging management are provided. In the event of high daily mileages, split services or opportunity charging at the depot as an alternative to the use of external charging stations can also be sugge-
tonnes, but thanks to a careful distribution of the axle loads, a good transport capacity has been obtained: with ten battery modules (the maximum) the Citaro weighs about 13.7 tonnes, allowing the transport of about 80 passengers. Thanks to the particular attention paid to energy saving, for example by reducing the energy requirements for climate control and heating by 40% (see box on the previous page), the Citaro Electric bus can achieve an operating range of around 150 km in city services with ten battery modules. (Sort2). To recharge batteries, in addition to the braking energy recovery system, the bus features a socket for Combo 2 connector above the front wheel arch on the right-hand side of the vehicle. In the future there will be two possible variants: via a pantograph on the front of the vehicle roof or via charging rails connected to the charging station, always mounted on the roof. Mercedes-Benz has tested the Citaro at temperatures below -15° C at the Arctic Circle
sted. Service, maintenance and repair requirements also change with electric mobility. This is the reason why the eMobility service provided by the OMNIplus service brand therefore offers tailored service concepts. From the classic supervision of the customer’s workshop through to workshop services allied to service contracts, completed in the factory’s competence centers, then arriving at the direct assistance at the customer’s workshop, provided by the BusDepot Management.
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and at more than 30° C in the searing summer heat of Spain. Winter testing also includes road tests on slippery surface in order to test dynamic handling control systems and recuperation. In summer, the bus was tested in heavy urban traffic conditions and on steep up-and downhill gradients in the Sierra Nevada. During the test, a dozen prototypes were examined from top to bottom. In short, nothing has been neglected to achieve the highest level of efficiency and reliability and the Citaro is ready to start series production by the end of the year.
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More articles about Mercedes: www.bustocoach.com/en/node/473/articoli-costruttore-europa
BusToCoach on-line Magazine - April 2018
eap forward for the Lion’s City. The urban L range of MAN Truck & Bus completely renews its technological profile focusing on design, driving comfort and profitability. The main contribution to the new generation of Lion’s City is the implementation of the new D1556 LOH engine, available only in the vertical version and with three power levels: 280, 330 and 360 hp. It is a 9-liter engine, therefore lighter than the previous D20 and it already complies with the Euro 6d emission standard valid from 1 September 2019. To meet these parameters, it uses the SCR technology (Selective Catalytic Reduction) with urea injection to reduce NOx,
THE LION’S CITY IS ALSO MILD HYBRID The new generation of MAN Lion’s City will start to be produced. Many new features starting from the engine and the implementation with the EfficientHybrid system
in conjunction with the CRT (Continuously Regenerating Trap) filter system and without having to rely on exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). But this is not all. The new Lion’s City driveline can be supplemented on request with
the MAN EfficientHybrid module to reduce fuel consumption and emissions by up to 16%. It consists of an alternator (8 kW of continuous power and 12 kW of peak) which is mounted between the engine and the gearbox, that converts mechanical energy
into electrical energy during braking, and sends it to an Ultracap module stored on the vehicle roof. Basically, the ‘Mild Hybrid’ technology is used to lighten the loads on the heat engine, making the Lion’s City Hybrid a ‘full hybrid’ vehicle. The energy stored in the Ultracap module is used to power the on-board electrical system, allowing not only to lighten the diesel engine but also to shut it down when the vehicle is stationary. To restart the MAN D15 engine quickly it is sufficient to reverse the operation of the crankshaft starter generator, while to boost the acceleration it is possible to use the Boost function. Another new feature is the use of independent wheel suspension with PCV hydraulic vibration dampers (Premium Comfort Valve), which guarantee optimum chassis tuning in terms of driving comfort and vehicle stability. Thanks to a new oil management system, that analyzes a large number of parameters, a specific tuning for each axle variant is possible. From the outside, the new Lion’s City stands out for its completely redesigned aesthetic, starting from the black MAN front panel with chrome trim, in turn surmounted by the èè
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typical lion-shaped molding. Also new is the cutting of the headlights with LED dipped and high-beam headlights (as well as for rear lights), which guarantee maximum visibility and durability. Laterally, the lowered shape at the base of the windows between the wheel arches increases the ‘open’ LION’S CITY 12 LION’S CITY 18 effect of the passenger compartment. It Length mm 12,185 18,060 should be noted that the upholstery of Width mm 2,550 2,550 the side wall lining Height mm 3,110 3,110 is made of natu Wheelbase mm 6,005 5,200+4,908 ral-fiber-reinforced Turning circle mm 21,600 25,000 polypropylene. In Seats max 101+1H 140+3H addition to facilita Engine MAN D1556 LOH 11 MAN D1556 LOH 10 ting their possible Displacement cc 9,037 9,037 replacement, it also Power cv (kW)/rpm 330 (243)/1,600 360 (265)/1,800 helps to reduce the Torque Nm/rpm 1,400/900-1,600 1,600/900-1,550 overall weight of Transmission Voith D 864.6 ZF 6 AP 1600 the vehicle. The engine compartment EfficientHybrid kW 8 (12) 8 (12) flap is made with GVW kg 19,500 28,000 a completely new
THE MAN ENGINE CENTRE
he product portfolio ranges from four- and six-cylinder in-line engines to eight and ten-cylinder V-engines, between 37 kW (50 hp) and 1,397 kW (1,900 hp). 100,000 engines are produced annually in the MAN Truck & Bus plant in Nuremberg and delivered worldwide. This is where most of the MAN bus engines come from. In particular the D20 in the current MAN Lion’s City and the D26 in touring coaches like the MAN Lion’s Coach. The assembly line for the D15 destined for the new generation of Lion’s City is already ready. Ergonomics of working areas, advancements in the
assembly line using aerial conveyors and maximum cleanliness of the technical parts, characterize the entire production cycle: from the first assembly phase to insert on the crankcase the main-bearing shells, the crank mechanism, crankshaft and pistons, up to the final combination of cylinder heads and crankcase. In order to guarantee maximum cleanliness, the connecting rods are vibrated in the ultrasonic range and the smallest dirt particle are aspirated. Leakage check is
structure which does not require a steel frame and the rear window is thinner. With the same equipment, the new 12-meter variant of the MAN Lion’s City weighs around 1,130 kg less than its predecessor, which was powered by a D20 engine.
performed on the oil, water and fuel chamber. Finally, hot tests are carried out on performance, noise and leakage of bus engines and emission levels of exhaust gas are measured. The newly developed engines D15 go through the most innovative so-called cold test.
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The interior also uses LED lighting technology, whether you choose as standard the indirect LED lighting in warm white or coloured one. Beautiful and functional the satin oval handle profile coupled to the ceiling support rods
LIGHT, EFFICIENT AND CLEAN D1556 LOH12 206 kW
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he 9-liter engine offers power from 280 to 360 hp (206 - 265 kW), high torque values (from 1,200 to 1,600 Nm), it already fulfils the future Euro 6d emission standard and relies on SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) technology in conjunction with the self-regenerating filter system (Continuously Regenerating Trap - CRT). These are the characteristics of the new engine, the D1556 LOH, which replaces the D0836 and D2066, installed so far in MAN Lion’s City. Provided only in vertical installation, it ensures good accessibility to service points which are useful for maintenance purposes, such as fuel filters. Important interventions have been made in the design phase to limit the overall weight of the engine (and noise), such as the use of aluminum instead of steel and iron and the direct assembly of the peripheral components to the base. As a result, the perfor-
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mance weight has been improved to 2.5 kg/hp (3.4 kg/ kW). Among the new features of the engine are the new pi-
stons and buckle valves that allow an injection pressure of up to 2,500 bar or an ignition pressure of up to 230 bar. In addition, the Common Rail components include a new pressure relief valve (PRV, Pressure Relief Valve), which ensures the injection pressure in the high-pressure distributor depending on the operating state. To keep the exhaust gas temperature constantly high, as required by SCR
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technology, the D15 features a throttle valve located in front of the engine to regulate the air supply and accelerate engine warm-up. In addition, the engine is equipped with a wastegate which, if necessary, directs part of the exhaust gases past the new one-stage turbocharger so that it does not overcharge at higher engine speeds. Finally, the regulation of the cooling components such as fans and coolant pump keeps the temperature and pressure under control. As well as to prevent excessive heating of the engine oil, an optimized oil cooler (heat exchanger) has been adopted. In addition, a thermostatically controlled oil cooler bypass increases the average oil temperature in the cold and low load operations, in order to reduce the friction losses in the engine. In short, everything was done in order to ensure energy efficiency, operational safety and fuel economy.
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made of polished or painted steel tubulars. The seating arrangement is naturally flexible: any seat shell can be easily and flexibly mounted using adapters on a seat frame attached via two rails on the side wall. In this way the floor remains free and cleaning operations are facilitated. The driver’s space was also revised and optimized. The controls are now arranged in three zones according to the frequency of use and additional housing for DIN equipment or surveillance monitors can be added to the standard equipment. The driver’s seat, raised two steps from the floor, can now be adjusted horizontally, as well as the instrument panel moves synchronously with the movement of the steering wheel, thus guaranteeing the personalization of the seat. On the dashboard
there is the standard built-in high-resolution 4-inch colour display. The front-opening driver’s door and the modular pane on the driver’s door, which can be extended to the windshield, can additionally provide safety for the driver. Finally, in order to improve passenger accessibility, the doors come from MAN’s own door portfolio, but they are 10 cm wider and have a faster and harmonious door movement. Pneumatic outward- and inward-swinging doors as well as electro-hydraulically driven inward-swinging doors and swing doors are available. The new Lion’s City bus generation will also be manufactured in the MAN plant in Starachowice/Poland starting in August 2018.
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