Ambient Notifications & The Interruption Effect

trapond hiransalee

Ambient Notifications & The Interruption Effect

A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE (DESIGN AND PLANNING) SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN KING MONGKUT’S UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY THONBURI

2016

Technology of mobile devices have changed our daily lives.

Could ambient notification create less distraction and keep their focus on the task and environment? aim & objective http://jcourt.net

• Would ambient notifications create less distraction than smartphone?

• Are ambient notifications useful for users?

• Will showing only information and not able to take action to the notifications keep users’ from shifting task.

• How notifying with different amount of information affect users?

research questions

H1:There is no significant difference between the

primary task’s performance when interrupted by the lamp and the smartphone devices.

H2:There is no significant difference between the

satisfaction of having the ambient notifications and not having ambient notifications.z

hypothesis

related works Egg Minder by Quriky

Primary user research Questionnaire Digital devices usages & notification experiences

Design implementation

Research Usability Testing

Prototype

Interview

Implement

Primary Information Select Interviewees

Interview Analyse

Create Personas Conclude

User Requirements

method

Final Sketch Design

Test Protoype

Test Smartphone

Refine Collect Data

3rd Sketch Design

Data

Select from options

2nd Sketch Design

Analyse

Conclusions

Design Problems

Select from options

1st Sketch Design

Iterate...

Door notifications

Lamp notifications Questionnaire & Interview

Usability Testing

Test Protoype

Test Smartphone

Simulation

Questionnaire & Interview

Data Analyse

Analyse

Conclusions Conclusions

Design Problems

significant difference between the primary task’s performance when interrupted by the lamp and the smartphone devices.

H2:There is no

Collect Data

Data

H1:There is no

Design Problems

significant difference between the satisfaction of having the ambient notifications and not having ambient notifications.

Carry device

Sound setting of device

23%

28% 25%

at work at home

75% 77%

all the time outdoor

72%

Opinions on notifications

1% Are notifications important?

31%

Are notifications annoying?

10% 6% 84%

68%

yes sometimes no

on off

calendar weather stocks

calculator

camera

browser

music map

games

messenger sms whatsapp facebook instagram blogs twitter youtube

line

phone mail

usage

Communication

Social Network

Entertainment

Functional

Information

usage

Important notifications Work related notifications Immediate response notifications

phone

mail

line

facebook

messenger

Ignored notifications

ambient notifications .

infomation processing model (Wickens, 1992) stimuli (device)

device

attention resource sensing

self generate notification

visual

user interface

execution ignore

perception decision making

audio

server sender

notication system

respond

haptic

visual audio

engage

ambient notifications door smartphone

lamp

working memory Long Term Memory

primary task

information of the notification

method

information

application

sender

contents

secondary task

Cam

era

BACKDROP

Camera 1

SECONDARY TASK (notification on lamp)

PRIMARY TASK (calculatingworking memory)

TESTING STATION

PARTICIPANT

primary task

2

Problem 1

Problem 2

Problem 3

Problem 4

Problem 5

313 240 894 738 180 728 90 480

4600 3192 200 746 230 164 105 738 746 230 164 105 738

70 64 60 484 800 478 1990 320 12 198 165 79 68 4 35

82 1166 328 70 225 300 738 90 179 367 894 234 445 200

660 160 738 60 150 480 121 170 48 32 120 160

primary task

Accurancy

Time

dependent variables

icon + sender + brief message 1 point

1 point

notification

notification

notification

(1 point)

(2 point)

(3 point)

1

2

dependent variables

counting secondary performance

1 point

3

A

primary task

B

primary task

results / lamp vs smartphone / paired-samples t-test

primary task

primary task

There was a significant difference in the scores for being interrupted by lamp notifications (M=3.82, SD=1.25) by smartphone notifications (M=3.18, SD=1.08) conditions; t(10)=2.28, p=0.046.

Smartphone notifications interrupt users more than the lamp notification.

When participants have been interrupt by the smartphone notifications, the math score that the participants gained decrease than the lamp.

There was a significant difference in time doing the problems for being interrupted by lamp notifications (M=6.61, SD=2.19) by smartphone notifications (M=11.45, SD=3.13) conditions; t(10)=-11.23, p=0.000001.

Having interruptions from notification from lamp or smartphone really does have an effect on the time spending on the primary task.

When users have been interrupted by the smartphone notifications, it take longer time to do the math problems than have been interrupted by the lamp notifications.

results / lamp vs smartphone / paired-samples t-test

results / lamp vs smartphone / accuancy

results / lamp vs smartphone / accurancy

results / lamp vs smartphone / time

results / lamp vs smartphone / Notification noticed vs performance

door notification

did not understand LN.

1

2

3

4

take for long time to understand LN.

duration of LN. was long enough

LN. should be on until turn off

LN. should not be on until turn off

LN. does not lessen missing notifications

LN. does lessen missing notifications

can ignore smartphone

can ignore LN.

smartphone distract less

questionnaire

understand LN. take for short time to understand LN.

duration of LN. was not long enough

not able to respond to LN. make me go back to smartphone 1

5

LN. distract less

2

3

4

not able to respond to LN. does not make me 5 go back to smartphone

1

2

3

4

DN. is disturbing

5

DN. is unnecessary

DN. is not unnecessary

DN didn’t take your attention

DN took your attention

it was not appropriate on the door

it was appropriate on the door

amount of information was not appropriate

amount of information was appropriate

weather information was not appropriate

weather information was appropriate

traffic information was not appropriate

traffic information was appropriate

schedule information was not appropriate

schedule information was appropriate

DN. was easy to understand

DN. was not easy to understand

DN. is useful

DN. is not useful

DN. cannot substitute checking your smartphone

DN. can substitute checking your smartphone

should notify by sound

should notify by visual is enough

having notifications in the environment is not useful

having notifications in the environment is useful 1

questionnaire

DN. is not disturbing

2

3

4

5

One sample t-test evaluate whether their mean was significantly different from 3, which is the accepted mean for satisfactory in general. lamp

door

The sample mean of 3.56 (SD = 1.17) was significantly different from 3, t (7) = 1.35, p = .219. The 95% confidence interval of the satisfaction of the lamp notifications mean ranges from 3.42 to 4.55.

The sample mean of 3.85 (SD = .67) was significantly different from 3, t (12) = 4.63, p = .001. The 95% confidence interval of the satisfaction of the door notifications mean ranges from 3.45 to 4.26.

The results support the conclusion that the satisfaction of both the lamp and door notifications are somewhat more than average.

questionnaire / one sample t-test

• Would ambient notifications create less distraction than smartphone? yes • Are ambient notifications useful for users? yes • Will showing only information and not able to take action to the notifications keep users’ from shifting task.

• How notifying with different amount of information affect users? user need enough amount of information in order to respond to it.

research questions

H1:There is a significant difference between the

primary task’s performance when interrupted by the lamp and the smartphone devices.

H2:There is a significant difference between the

satisfaction of having the ambient notifications and not having ambient notifications.z

hypothesis

thank you