tu\
This i55ue
Feafu res 50 A New Monopoly There's no cheat ng in the computerised version of
Monopoly. Hasbro, the maker of the game, says people don't want to read rules but simply play, Critics say it takes all the fun out of the game.
54 New Uses for Old Bunkers Switzerland's mountains are peppered with carefuly concealed miltary bunkers. They were built to protect the country's sovereignty, but critics claim that they are
obsolete and cost too much money.
40 A Bold Proposal Charif Souki, the chairman and chief executive of Cheniere Energy, built a huge terminal to import gas into the US. Now, he plans
to use
rt
to export gas as local prices tumble
due to oversupply.
is outstripping the rest of lndia. Many believe that the chief
minister of the state, Narendra Modi, is behind this success.
44 China's African Focus A million Ch nese, from engineers to chefs, have moved to work in Africa in the past decade. This trade boom has
changed lrves on a global scale.
56 Wiki's Gender Gap Wikipedia has hundreds of thousands of contrlbutors, but ess than 15 per cent of thenr are women. The reason why men outnumber women on the site runs far deeper than
48 Back from the Brink
Wikipedia.
Rachel Ashwell had a turbulent time during the global f
nancial crjsis and had to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.
But now her Shabby Chic range is bouncing back.
52 Inspiring Growfh Gularat's annual 1 1 per cent gross domestic product growth
60 Tough Task Tina Brown, the renowned former editor of The New Yorker, Vanity Fair and Talk, has been given the task of turning Newsweek into a profitable magazine. That s a lot to ask according to media insiders,
Essenfials
65
Riding rhe Dragon Hoi An's temples, pagodas, markets, food and people ensure that you get all the best of Vietnam in one tiny
place
- an opinion
shared by UNESCO who put it on
their World Heritage List for precisely that reason.
70
The Super Concierge When it comes to getting exactly want you want, without having
to lift a finger, Indispensable
is the worldwide
answer. The man providing the global magic is the sawy
Concetto Marletta.
74
Message In a Botrle Every year, billions of empty water bottles end up in landfills around the world. The little Australian town of
Bundanoon has totally banned the selling of bottled water, and the idea is catching on.
78
The Sound of Free Scores The Internet Music Score Library Prolect is the world's largest free source of musical scores. Like many other similar sites, it has ignited copyright concerns and is challenging traditional business models.
82
An Unhealthy Legacy? The promise by the 2012 organisers to get two million more English people involved in sport has faltered. But that's not the first time the Olympic legacy has not lived up to its billing.
Deparfmenfs 11
86 On Patrol
Nofebook
The new Nissan Patrol offers all the luxury while
World business in a nutshell.
maintaining its solid off-road credentials. Just don't 17
push the accelerator too hard.
Observer Spotting and analysing business trends.
88
22
Other Business
Column: Thomas L. Friedman
Porlfolio takes a light-hearted look at the latest
Serious in Singapore
bUSINESS NEWS.
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NEW USES FOR OLD BUNKERS Switzerland's mounfains are peppered wifh carefully concealed military bunkers. They were built to profectlhe.counfry's sovereignfy, buf critics claim fhaf they are obsolefe and cosf foo much monev, reporfs Christopher Solomon'
THE MOUNTAIN, NEAR GSTAAD' DIDN'T look cluite light. Up close, its lock lace n'trs the givear.r,av with its fading makettp of camotlflage
322 tonnes and
paint that seemed uot to h:rve becn retottchecl since the Colcl War'. Tl-re gualcl seemecl ottt of
out-stt'eauriug
-
place' too, standirrg setltt'f iu his black unilblrr ovel a clttiet cleat'irrg near this Su'iss ski resort
better knosn tbl its fi'ee-r'ange billionaircs' This oddness u'as ittst beginnirlg. The guar-d pnnched a t'en,buttous, and a rveathereci hatch in the t.uouutain opened. Inside, at the end of ai llal'r'ow caveru of a halhval', therc lvas il seconcl thick door that led to I'et another door', tl-ris one
looking ns if it should be
guarciing a bank vault.
"If vou put
E
herc yott can f'eel some -u-'our hancl ai
r,'
sericl
Chlistoph Oschrv:rld,
lafing his ptrlm ovet'a seaur iu the closed hatch, so nny gas attack ol anl'thing is uot possible"' Oschrvalcl rvtrs giving tr tottr of'rvhat he callccl the Su'iss Fort I{nox, oue of trvo tbrmcr r-rrilitar'1'bunket's in the borvels o1'the Alps that companics lun b1'Oschu'alcl and his business perrtncr, Hauspeter Battutantt' havc leased fi'om tl-rc Ss,iss
militarv. Where ollicers once pt'epaled
to def'end theil cottntt'r', Oschrvald ancl Battt.uzrtln l'ot tlLtlltr
35
E (u L C)
N
.=
3
U)
-;+<r
-:1-
This former military bunker near Gstaad has been leased from the Swiss military and *..--.
+ - - ..r-Qgr'ff6tr56$-eS.ft6rm..l"'Aprll 201
I
Ulrich Schluer,
a mer-nber of pallizrment's
star-rding committee
fiom
tl.re
Ibl
secru'itv policv
light-s'irrg Su.iss People's Partl'.
Tl-rtrt n-right seer"n eccentric, but the
bunkels and otl-rer lbrtresses occup)'a special placc in Ss iss historl. Tlre filst one \\'as started
in I885 at tlre slrategic
St. Gotthard Pass to disconrage invading
amries {r'om using the ncrv railrvav route acloss the Alps. said.lrrrg StrrssiLautcrbut'9. a Srriss histoliarr.
GERMANY
h-r
World Wal II, s.ith Switzerland
I'earful of an invasiou bl' 1r1u.t Germanl',
Butler Ruedi Gasser gets ready for work in the Zero-Star-Hotel, which is housed in a military bunker near the town of Sevelen.
Sr.r'itzelland cleveloped the Reduit, or r-ecloubt, strategy: Swiss tblces
fortilied
themselves in the r-r-rountains and squatied on the trvo lail connections to the south, r'r'hich r'r'ere cmcial to thc Nazis'passinp; coal and steel to tl-reir Italian allies. The message u'as simple, Stussi-Lzrutelburg
said: "The day you attack us, the lines rnill be cut, then you will
1.rar,e
to light fbl
them, and u'e r'vill defend them, and in
"Today, as a neutral
the end we lvill destloy them."
country wrth no immediate threats to its borders. SwLtzerland is undergoing a prolonged soul-searching over the role of its military, including the need for the bunker system "
ill
The detelrent he$ed, he added.
Although the Nazis dres up invasiorr plans for Sr.r.itzerlar-rd in 194,0 and t943, the1, never acted on
the'r.
DURING THE Cold War, the bunkers, containing everl'tl-ring fi'om antiaircralt guns to conmand posts, \\.ele mair-rtained and modernised, and still rnore rvere
built, often with extraordinarv ejlbrts at conceahnent. Todzq', a visitor can halcllr, go lirl a hike u'ithout passirrg a t rrlious
todali as a neutra.l countr)' s'ith no immediate thleats to its bordcrs, zu'mies. But
Christoph Oswald is one of the entrepreneurs behind the Swiss Fort Knox, a data farm.
-Sn'itzerland
is unclelgoing a prolonged
soul-sealching or,er the role ol its r-nilitalr,', norv clainr to opel'ate somc of the r"nost secul'e
u,or-lcl'.s
conrputcr scLveL titt'nts,
plotecting the tcrabrtes of ntitltinational colpolations ancl incliviciuals alikc.
If onh'thc r-nilitalv coulcl find nrore ten:urts like Oschrvald. At a cosr or tens of utilliorrs, rl' dollars
maintains
arr rr uirllr.
inclucling tl-re need lbr the bur-rkel s1'stem.
svstcllt of nbout 26,000
the Batczrve, or a laux chalet rvith tlonrpe l'oeil shuttcrs. access to
Brrt tirnes have changed. "Thev're useless," Chlistiar"r Catrina,
Last autumn, De{ence Minister Ueli
head of securib' policl' fbr the t'cderal
Mtrurer laised a storm by suggesting that it n,as tirne to h:n'e "an honest debate"
Departrnent of De1'ence, Cir.il Plotection nnd Sport, said in an inten-iel'. "Ther"re
about closing r-nost ol the bunkers or
useless and necd monev."
converting thcrn to other uses. it
door in a mountainside that looks like
"Oul positior-r is that
as
long
In fact, the government has been rrrotlrball i ng
as
brrr
rkels lol severa |'r'cars:
Su'itzerland is engaged outside thc
todar; fomrel brurkels l-rousc thir-rgs like
bnnkers and tbrtiiicntions throughout
collntr)',
mLlseunls and a'Zcro-Stal
the Ss'iss Alps metrnt to cleter attackinli
tl-re clef'ence sJ,stcm
zr
it'.s
out of the qucstion to u.eaken
fbr out' countr'1',"
szrid
Hotel'in the
torn"r of Sevelen. But nou. the nrilitarv l\rt tir;lirr
t
I
(
3B
E (g L
o N
hopes to speed the plocess. "You'd rather
.=
get rid of thern today than tomorrow;
Gstaad, Oschwald, a dapper 54-year-old
stopped in a room with a huge machine
3
o
in most
forrner air force special forces officer, led a visitor on a tour of the kind of recycling
that filtered incoming air. "This here is
the defence minister might embrace:
biological, chemical," he said. As the tour
an underground nuclear blast-resistant bunker that Oschwald's companies have spent millions upgrading to serve as a
footfalls in the chilly stone hallways could
cases we'd be glad
if someone
would take them off oul hands fbr no price," Catrina said. "But that's in-rpossible because of environmental regr-rlations. You
can'tiust close the door and throw
au,ay the key."
-
BACK UNDER the mountains of
provide crucial cooling to the servers. He
a big version of a gas mask
-
atomic,
progressed, the echoes of Oschwald's have been the soundtrack of the Cold War
hardened server farm. It opened in 1996.
itselfl 'A lot ofpeople say that it feels like
$1
billion or ntore, Maurer estimated which fal slrrpasses the n-rillions needed
His companies have also leased part of a second bunker that he said
James Bond movie," he said.
annually to rnaintain them.
was completely protected from the
Closirrg thern down is expensive
For many conservatives and many older Swiss, the bunkers are a symbol of their nation's determination to remain independent and neutral. "The
fbltifications are psvchologically very important," said Kurt Spillmann, an expert in Swiss security policy at the Swiss Federal Institute ofTechnology in Zurich.
electromagnetic impulses that could play
with servers. It opened in 2OO3, but because it is still owned by the Swiss military it remains offlirnits to, among havoc
others, note-taking iournalists. Oschwald pointed out the network of insulated pipes that tapped a subterranean pool ofglacial water to
a
In still another room behind a locked door sat four hulking safes. In or-re of them
- "I'm not going to tell you which one," he said - rested the'digital genome,'a sort of Rosetta Stone created by several European academics so that future generations would be able to read data stored on obsolete fbrmats like floppy disks.
Alrd. of course, behind still more locked doors stood rows of computer servers,
blinking silently. Do a bunch of ones and zeros really
warrant the protection of a spare nuclear bunker? "Information
-
data
-
is
everything today," replied Oschwald, and not just for companies. One married billionaire keeps his electronic "little black book" on the servers at Swiss Fort Knox, Oschwald
said. If someone were to get her hands on that book, he pointed out, it could cost
him millions.
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