Greenline16

°√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ Department of Environmental Quality Promotion Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment «“√ “√√“¬ 4 ‡¥◊Õπ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 16 ‘ßÀ“§¡ - 惻®‘°“¬π 2548 Quaterly Periodical No. 16 August - November 2005

www.deqp.go.th www.environnet.go.th

∂“π°“√≥墬–„πª√–‡∑»‰∑Wast Situation in Thailand ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ¿—¬¡◊¥∑’Ë√Õ«—π°àÕµ—« Electronic Waste - a threatening peril

æ‘…¡◊Õ∂◊Õ Toxicity of Cell Phones ç´“‡≈âßπâÕ¬é ®“°‚√߇√’¬π«—¥°≈“ߧ≈Õß “¡ Little Sa-Leng From Wat Klang Klong

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Sam School

17/12/05, 11:32 AM

‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬« : GREEN LINE °√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ Department of Environmental Quality Promotion Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment «“√ “√√“¬ 4 ‡¥◊Õπ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 16 ‘ßÀ“§¡-惻®‘°“¬π 2548 Quaterly Periodical No. 16 August-November 2005

∑’˪√÷°…“ : Advisory Board Õ¿‘«—≤πå ‡»√…∞√—°…å æ√∑‘æ¬å ªíòπ‡®√‘≠

Apiwat Sretaruqsa Pornthip Punchareun

∫√√≥“∏‘°“√Õ”π«¬°“√ : Editor Directer √—™π’ ‡Õ¡–√ÿ®‘ “°≈ ∞‘π–°ÿ≈ E-mail : sakol@deqp.go.th

Ratchanee Emaruchi Sakol Thinakul

∫√√≥“∏‘°“√∫√‘À“√ : Executive Editor “«‘µ√’ »√’ ÿ¢ E-mail : savitree@deqp.go.th E-mail : srisuksavitree@hotmail.com

Savitree Srisuk

°Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ : Editor Staff »√™—¬ ¡Ÿ≈§” æ√∑‘æ¬å “√‘°∫ÿµ√ ¿“«‘π’ ≥ “¬∫ÿ√’ Õ≈ß°µ »√’«‘®‘µ√°¡≈ π—π∑«√√≥ ‡À≈à“ƒ∑∏‘Ï Õµ‘æ√ «‘𗬂°»≈ : ºŸâ·ª≈/‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß

Sornchai Moonkham Pornthip Sarikabutr Pavinee Na Saiburi Alongkot Srivijitkamol Nantawan Lourith Atiporn Vinaikosol : Translator

‡®â“¢Õß·≈–ºŸâº≈‘µ : Owner °√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ 49 æ√–√“¡ 6 ´Õ¬ 30 ∂ππæ√–√“¡ 6 °√ÿ߇∑æœ 10400 ‚∑√. 0-2298-5628 ‚∑√ “√ 0-2298-5629 Website : www.deqp.go.th ß«π≈‘¢ ‘∑∏‘Ï

Department of Environmental Quality Promotion Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 49 Soi 30 Rama VI, Rama VI Rd. Bangkok 10400 Tel. 0-2298-5628 Fax: 0-2298-5629 http://www.dedqp.go.th Copyright

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16/12/05, 6:02 PM

∫Õ°‡≈à“‡°â“ ‘∫ : Free Talk

°“√¥”‡π‘ π ™’ «‘ µ „π — ß §¡∑ÿ ° «— π π’È ¡’ ‘Ë ß Õ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«° À≈“¬Õ¬à“ß ®π¡πÿ…¬å‡√“≈◊¡π÷°∂÷ß°“√ª√–À¬—¥·≈–Õ¥ÕÕ¡ „™â®“à Õ¬à“ßøÿÉ¡‡øóÕ¬‡æ◊ËÕ·≈°°—∫§«“¡ –¥«° ∫“¬ À≈“¬§√Õ∫§√—«∂â“Õà“π ∫∑§«“¡„π«“√ “√°√’π‰≈πå©∫—∫∑’Ë 16 π’È §ß‰¥âÀ¬ÿ¥§‘¥ —°π‘¥«à“ ‘ßË Õ”π«§«“¡ –¥«° ∫“¬‡À≈à“π’È®–°àÕ‚∑…¿—¬µàÕµ—«‡√“·≈–§π∑’ˇ√“√—°Àà«ß„Õ¬à“߉√„πÕ𓧵 ªí≠À“ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ à«π„À≠à‡°‘¥®“°°“√∑’ªË √–™“™π„™â ™’«‘µÕ¬à“ßøÿÉ¡‡øóÕ¬ ®—∫®à“¬„™â Õ¬¿“¬„µâ§«“¡µâÕß°“√‰¡à„™à‡æ√“–§«“¡®”‡ªìπ À≈“¬ ‘ËßÀ≈“¬Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë∑à“π‡≈◊Õ°´◊ÈÕ‡≈◊Õ°„™â‡¢â“„π∫â“π∂Ⓣ¡à„™à‡æ√“–§«“¡®”‡ªìπ¡—π°Á®– °≈“¬‡ªìπ¢Õ߇À≈◊Õ„™â„πÕ𓧵 ®π«—πÀπ÷Ëß∑à“πÕ“®æ∫«à“∑à“π¡’¢Õ߇À≈◊Õ„™â‡µÁ¡∫â“π ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ«—π‡¥◊Õπªïºà“π‰ª¡—π°Á°≈“¬‡ªìπ¢Õ߇°à“∑’˵âÕß‚¬π∑‘Èß À¬ÿ¥§‘¥ —°π‘¥°àÕπ∑’Ë∑à“π®–§‘¥®—∫®à“¬„™â Õ¬ «à“ ‘Ëß∑’Ë∑à“π°”≈—ß®–´◊ÈÕπ—Èπ¡—𮔇ªìπ µàÕ™’«‘µ¢Õß∑à“π‡∑à“π—Èπ ·≈â«∑à“πÕ“®‰¥â§«“¡§‘¥„À¡àÊ «à“‰¡àµâÕ߉ªÀ“ß“π摇»…∑’ˉÀπÊ Õ’°·≈â« ·§à∑à“πÀ¬ÿ¥§‘¥°àÕπ´◊ÈÕ ∑à“πÕ“®¡’√“¬‰¥â„À⇰Á∫ÕÕ¡Õ’°‡∑à“°—∫√“¬‰¥â°“√∑”ß“π 摇»… ·≈â«„™â‡«≈“∑’∑Ë “à πµâÕß∑”ß“π摇»…π’„È Àâ°∫— §√Õ∫§√—«‡æ◊ÕË √â“ß√“°∞“π¢Õß —ߧ¡∑’¥Ë ’ µàÕ‰ª∫π·ºàπ¥‘π‰∑¬‡√“®–¥’°«à“ ¢Õß∑’ˇ≈◊Õ°„™â‡°‘𧫓¡®”‡ªìπµàÕ‰ª°Á®–°≈“¬‡ªìπ¢¬–∑’ˇªìπ¿“√–µàÕ —ߧ¡„π°“√ ®—¥‡°Á∫ ¬‘ßË ∂Ⓡªìπ ‘π§â“ª√–‡¿∑æ≈“ µ‘° °“√¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬π“π®π·∑∫‡√’¬°‰¥â«“à ‰¡à “¡“√∂ ¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬‰¥â À√◊Õæ«°‡§√◊ÕË ß„™â‰øøÑ“∑’‡Ë √“¡’°π— §π≈–‡§√◊ÕË ß À√◊Õ§π≈–À≈“¬Ê ‡§√◊ÕË ß ‡¡◊ÕË ¢Õ߇À≈à“π’È°≈“¬‡ªìπ¢¬–‡°à“‡°Á∫°Á®–°àÕ “√æ‘… Ÿà ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡√Õ∫µ—«‡√“ ´÷ËßÕ“®‰¡à„Àâ‚∑… °—∫µ—«‡√“·∫∫∑—𵓇ÀÁπ ·µà®–§àÕ¬‡ªìπ§àÕ¬‰ª ‡√“®÷ß¡—°¡Õߢⓡªí≠À“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ®π ‡¡◊ÕË ªí≠À“¡“∂÷ß®ÿ¥∑’·Ë °â‰¢‰¡à‰¥âÀ√◊Õ·°â‰¢‰¥â°„Á ™â‡«≈“¬“«π“ππ—πË ·À≈– ‡√“®÷ß„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠ °—∫ªí≠À“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ´÷ËßÕ“®®– “¬‰ª·≈â«°Á‰¥â °àÕπ®–∂÷ß«—π∑’¬Ë “°·°â‰¢ ‡√“™à«¬°—π‡æ’¬ßπ‘¥·§à§¥‘ °àÕπ´◊ÕÈ °Á®–™à«¬≈¥ªí≠À“ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‰¥âÕ¬à“ß¡“°¡“¬∑’‡¥’¬« «“√ “√°√’π‰≈πå©∫—∫∑’Ë 16 π’È π”‡ πÕ “√–‡°’ˬ«°—∫¢¬–ª√–‡¿∑ µà“ßÊ Õ“∑‘ ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑°’Ë ”≈—ß®–°≈“¬‡ªìπªí≠À“ ”§—≠¢Õß ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑» „π¢≥–π’È §≥–ºŸ®â ¥— ∑”À«—ß«à“ “√–∑’πË ”‡ πÕπ’®È –„À⧫“¡√Ÿ°â ∫— ∑à“πºŸÕâ “à π·≈– “¡“√∂ √â“ß ”π÷°§‘¥°àÕπ´◊ÈÕ„Àâ°—∫∑ÿ°∑à“π

∫√√≥“∏‘°“√

03-04/∫Õ°‡≈Ë“‡°È“ ‘∫

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16/12/05, 6:56 PM

Todayûs lifestyle has never been much easier. We consume so much that we forget to save. We have spent so much money on things we donût need for exchange of conveniences. Those who read Green Line magazine volume 16 may have thought for a moment that these conveniences will eventually cause us and our loved ones one or more problems. Todayûs environmental problems are mostly the result of the way we use and spend on things wastefully. Sometimes you bought some stuffs not because you need one. If this is the case, they will soon turn to be something antique and finally become garbage of the house.

Pause for a minute before you are about to pay and think if what you are paying is something you need. Just think for a moment before spending. You may be savings so much money that you donût need to find an extra job. Spend this extra time you earn with your family to create a better society for the country.

Things, we donût need, later will turn to be junk, a huge burden to society to manage. This thought also holds true for those made of plastics which require longer time for decomposition, or electric appliances that each of us own more than one.

Once becoming waste, they generate toxicity to the environment surrounding us. The environmental problems may not harm us now but they are gradually threatening us and sooner or later they are coming back to haunt you. Now, we overlook the problems until to the point that they canÕt be solved or require longer time to handle.

And when that time is around the corner, we then turn to look at the problem which might be too late.

Before getting to that point, each of us can help by taking a moment to think before we buy. Just doing so, we all can considerably help fix the environmental problems. Volume 16 of Green Line magazine presents information on different types of waste such as electronic waste that is turning out to be the nationûs foremost environmental concern.

However, the Editor team does hope that the information contained here may somehow educate you and raise awareness to all of you before you consume or spend.

Editor

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16/12/05, 6:56 PM

“√∫—≠ : Contents ∫Õ°‡≈à“‡°â“ ‘∫ : Free Talk

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“√§¥’À≈—° : Main Feature - ∂“π°“√≥墬–„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬

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Waste Situation in Thailand

- ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ¿—¬¡◊¥∑’Ë√Õ«—π°àÕµ—«

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Electronic Waste-a threatening peril

- æ‘…¡◊Õ∂◊Õ

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Toxicity of Cell Phones

®—∫‡¢à“§ÿ¬ : Interview §ÿ≥ ÿ«‘¿“ «√√≥ “∏æ

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ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√‡¢µÕÿµ “À°√√¡´Õøµå·«√åª√–‡∑»‰∑¬

Suwipa Wannasathop Director of Software Park Thailand

—ߧ¡ ’‡¢’¬« : Green Society ∏𓧓√¢¬–

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Waste Bank

„∫ÕàÕπ : Young Leaf ´“‡≈âßπâÕ¬ ®“°‚√߇√’¬π«—¥°≈“ߧ≈Õß “¡

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Little Sa-Leng From Wat Klang Klong Sam School

°√’π‡«Á∫ : Green Web

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WEBSITE

05-06/Content

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16/12/05, 7:23 PM

π‚¬∫“¬ ’‡¢’¬« : Green Policy π‚¬∫“¬¢¬–„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬

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Waste Policy in Thailand

‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ’‡¢’¬« : Green Technology √√À“¡“‡≈à“ ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’™“«∫â“π

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Something to Talk about : Folk Technology - §√—Èß·√°¢Õß‚≈°°—∫°“√„™â·¡≈ß·°≈∫°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å Novel Process of the World to Use çSurinam Cockroaché to Dispose of Organic Wastes

- ‰ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘πº≈‘µªÿܬ ¢®—¥¢¬– Earthworm Produces Fertilizer and Disposes of Wastes

“√–πà“√Ÿâ : Green Tips - ‚√§®“°¢¬–

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Waste-Related Diseases

- ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ∑’ˇªìπ¡‘µ√°—∫ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡

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Environmental-Friendly Mobile

- æ—≤π“∑’Ë™“√审◊Õ∂◊Õæ≈—ß· ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å

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Developing Solar-Powered Mobile Charger

05-06/Content

“¬¥à«π ’‡¢’¬« : Green Expressway

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ÀâÕß¢à“« : Environment News

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16/12/05, 7:23 PM

“√§¥’À≈—° Main Feature

‚¥¬ : π≈‘π »√æ√À¡/π—°‡¢’¬πÕ‘ √– by : Nalin Sonnprom/Freelance Writer

Waste is residues from manufacturing process and consumption. While common garbage and hazardous waste are increasing annually, they owe the explanation to such factors as the increase of population, consumer behavior, and economic and industrial expansion.

Consequently, the waste management is still a critical problem of the country both in the rural community and local one and it has shown the tendency to be the main problem in the future. The amount of wastes generated from various community all over the country in 2004 was approximately 14.6 million tons/year (The Pollution Control Department), exclusive of the waste not yet disposed of in the trash can, an increase of 0.2 million tons from that of 2003.

GREEN LINE

¢¬–‡ªìπ ‘ËߢÕ߇À≈◊Õ∑‘Èß®“°°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ·≈–°“√ Õÿª‚¿§-∫√‘‚¿§ ´÷Ëߢ¬–∑—Ë«‰ª·≈–¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬π—∫«—π®–¡’ ª√‘¡“≥‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ ∑ÿ°ªï ∑—ßÈ π’‡È π◊ÕË ß¡“®“°ªí®®—¬À≈“¬ª√–°“√ ‡™àπ °“√‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ ¢Õߪ√–™“°√ 惵‘°√√¡„π°“√Õÿª‚¿§-∫√‘‚¿§ °“√ ¢¬“¬µ—«∑“߇»√…∞°‘®·≈–Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ¥— ß π—È π °“√®— ¥ °“√ ¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬¬—ߧ߇ªìπªí≠À“ ”§—≠¢Õߪ√–‡∑» ∑—È ß „π‡¢µ ™ÿ¡™π‡¡◊Õß·≈–∑âÕß∂‘πË ∑ÿ°√–¥—∫ ·≈–¡’·π«‚πâ¡®–‡ªìπªí≠À“ ”§—≠„πÕ𓧵 ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑’‡Ë °‘¥¢÷πÈ ®“°™ÿ¡™πµà“ßÊ ∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬„πªï æ.». 2547 ¡’ª√–¡“≥ 14.6 ≈â“πµ—π/ª’ (°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…) ∑—Èßπ’Ȭ—ß ‰¡à √ «¡ª√‘ ¡ “≥¢¬–¡Ÿ ≈ ΩÕ°à Õ π∑’Ë ® –π”¡“∑‘È ß „π∂— ß ´÷Ë ß ‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¢÷È π ®“°ªï æ.». 2546 ª√–¡“≥ 0.2 ≈â“πµ—π

7 07-17/Main Feature

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17/12/05, 3:54 PM

Situation of Community Waste Management

„πªï æ.». 2547 °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√¡’¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ª√–¡“≥«—π≈– 9,356 µ—π/«—π (°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…) À√◊Õ ª√–¡“≥ 3.41 ≈â“πµ—π/ªï ´÷Ëß¡’ª√‘¡“≥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®“°ªï æ.».

2546 ª√–¡“≥ 0.01 ≈â“πµ—π/ªï ‚¥¬§π°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ 1 §π º≈‘µ¢¬–‡©≈’¬Ë ª√–¡“≥ 1.6 °‘‚≈°√—¡/«—π ´÷ßË Õߧåª√–°Õ∫ À≈—°¢Õߢ¬–∑—Ë«‰ª„π°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ §◊Õ ¢¬–∑’ˇº“‰À¡â‰¥â ‰¥â·°à ‡»…Õ“À“√√âÕ¬≈– 34.2 æ≈“ µ‘°·≈–‚ø¡√âÕ¬≈– 20.8 °√–¥“…§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 13.6 °“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¢Õß°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ ¥”‡π‘π°“√‚¥¬ ”π—° √—°…“§«“¡ –Õ“¥·≈– ”π—°ß“π‡¢µ∑—Èß 50 ‡¢µ ´÷Ëß “¡“√∂ ‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡¢¬–‰¥â√âÕ¬≈– 98.5 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥¢¬–∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π ·µà≈–ªï ‚¥¬°“√‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬®“°Õ“§“√∫â“π‡√◊Õπ ‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡·≈– ∂“πª√–°Õ∫°“√Õ◊ËπÊ „π°“√ ®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬π—Èπ °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√‰¥â«à“®â“߇հ™π„Àâ ∑”°“√°”®—¥/∫”∫—¥∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√Ωíß°≈∫Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°À≈—° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈ (Sanitary Landfill) ‚¥¬„πªï æ.». 2545 ¡’°“√π” ¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡àª√–¡“≥ 3.1 ≈â“πµ—π À√◊Õ §‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 21 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ ´÷Ë߇æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ®“°ªï æ.». 2546 ∂÷ß 0.3 ≈â“πµ—π ∑—Èßπ’ȇπ◊ËÕß®“°¡’°“√√≥√ß§å ª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å °“√‡º¬·æ√৫“¡√Ÿâ °“√°”Àπ¥°Æ‡°≥±å µ≈Õ¥ ®π°“√ π—∫ πÿπß∫ª√–¡“≥·≈–°“√«‘®¬— æ—≤π“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’„π °“√§—¥·¬°¢¬– „π¥â “ π°“√¥”‡π‘ π °“√®— ¥ °“√¢¬–¡Ÿ ≈ ΩÕ¬¢ÕßÕß§å ° √ ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ‡¢µª√‘¡≥±≈ ∑—Èß„π‡¢µ‡¡◊Õß ·≈–‡¢µ ‡∑»∫“≈ ‰¥â¡°’ “√®—¥ √â“ß ∂“π∑’°Ë ”®—¥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑’¥Ë ”‡π‘π°“√ Õ¬à “ ß∂Ÿ ° ÿ ¢ “¿‘ ∫ “≈ ®”π«π 106 ·Àà ß (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1) ·∫à ß ‡ªì 𠇵“‡º“ 3 ·Ààß §◊Õ‡∑»∫“≈‡¡◊Õß≈”æŸπ ‡∑»∫“≈π§√¿Ÿ‡°Áµ ·≈– ‡∑»∫“≈µ”∫≈‡°“– ¡ÿ¬ ®—ßÀ«—¥ ÿ√“…Æ√å∏“π’ ·≈–Õ’° 103 ·Ààß ‡ªìπ·∫∫Ωíß°≈∫Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°À≈—° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈ àߺ≈„Àâªí®®ÿ∫—π„π‡¢µ‡¡◊Õß À√◊Õ‡∑»∫“≈ “¡“√∂ °”®—¥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬‰¥âª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 37 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥ ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ à«π∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ¬—ߧ߄™â«‘∏’°“√°”®—¥∑’ˉ¡à∂Ÿ°µâÕß ‡™àπ °“√°Õß∫πæ◊Èπ °“√‡º“°≈“ß·®âß „π à«ππÕ°‡¢µ

In 2004 Bangkok produced approximately 9,356 tons of wastes per day (The Pollution Control Department) or about 3.41 million tons/year, an increase of 0.01 million ton/year from 2003. On average each Bangkokian created wastes of about 1.6 kilograms of waste per day. The main component of the common waste in Bangkok is burnable garbage such as 34.2% of food residues, 20.8% of plastic and foam and 13.6% of paper.

The waste management of Bangkok is carried out by the Office of Cleaning and another 50 district offices, which can collect 98.5% of the amount of wastes each year. For the collection of wastes from household, industrial plants, and other enterprises, Bangkok has contracted a private operator to dispose/treat all of them by the correct method of sanitary landfill. In 2003, approximately 3.1 million tons of waste, or 21% of the total, an increase of 0.3 million ton from 2002, were recycled, for a campaign, education, regulation including the support of budget and the development of the technology of waste separation were encouraged.

For the waste management of the local administration, vicinity region, both in the urban and municipal areas, 106 sanitary waste disposal facilities were built (Figure 1). Of these sites, 3 of them are incinerators, that is, Muang Lampoon municipality, Phuket municipality, and Koh Samui sub-district municipality, Suratthani province and another 103 sites are sanitary landfills. This, as a

‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬«

∂“π°“√≥å°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π

√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ®”π«π√–∫∫‡µ“‡º“·≈–√–∫∫Ωíß°≈∫„π ª√–‡∑»‰∑Figure 1 the number of incineration and landfill systems in Thailand

§”Õ∏‘∫“¬ —≠≈—°…≥å √–∫∫‡µ“‡º“ ®”π«π 3 ·Ààß √–∫∫Ωíß°≈∫ ®”π«π 103 ·Ààß

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‡∑»∫“≈ Õߧ尓√∫√‘À“√ à«π®—ßÀ«—¥·≈–Õߧ尓√∫√‘À“√ à«π µ”∫≈®–‡ªìπºŸâ√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡‰ª°”®—¥ ´÷Ëß à«π„À≠à¬—ß ‰¡à ¡’ ∂“π∑’Ë °”®— ¥ ¢¬–¡Ÿ ≈ ΩÕ¬∑’Ë ∂Ÿ ° À≈— ° ÿ ¢ “¿‘ ∫ “≈ (°√¡ §«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…) ¢¬–∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷ÈπÀ“°‰¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡‰ª°”®—¥·≈â« ®–‡ªìπ¢¬–µ°§â“ß∑’ Ë √â“ߪí≠À“ àß°≈‘πË ‡À¡Áπ√∫°«π·≈–‡ªìπ ¿“æ∑’ˉ¡àπà“¥Ÿ Õ’°∑—È߬—߇ªìπ·À≈à߇擖æ—π∏ÿ凙◊ÈÕ‚√§ ´÷Ëß®–°àÕ „À⇰‘¥º≈‡ ’¬µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ¡πÿ…¬å °“√¥”‡π‘π°“√®—¥‡°Á∫¢¬– ¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑’˺à“π¡“ª√– ∫ªí≠À“°“√°”®—¥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬‰¡à ∂Ÿ ° ÿ¢≈—°…≥–Õ—π‡π◊ÕË ß®“°∫“ßæ◊πÈ ∑’‰Ë ¡à¡ß’ ∫ª√–¡“≥°“√°àÕ √â“ß »Ÿπ¬å°“√®—¥°“√¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ À√◊Õ∫“ßæ◊πÈ ∑’¡Ë »’ πŸ ¬å°“√®—¥°“√¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ·µà‰¡à¡ª’ √– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ‚¥¬¢“¥°“√«“ß·ºπ°“√¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“√–∫∫ Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ‚¥¬·π«∑“ßÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë “¡“√∂™à«¬·°â‰¢ªí≠À“ °“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬„π√–¬–¬“«π—πÈ §◊Õ °“√®—¥µ—ßÈ »Ÿπ¬å°”®—¥ ¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬„πÀ≈“¬Ê æ◊πÈ ∑’¢Ë Õߪ√–‡∑» ‚¥¬¡ÿßà ‡πâπ„À♡ÿ ™π ∑’ÕË ¬Ÿ„à °≈⇧’¬ß°—ππ”¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬¡“°”®—¥√à«¡°—π Õ’°∑—ßÈ π—∫ πÿπ „Àâ¿“§‡Õ°™π‡¢â“¡“¡’∫∑∫“∑√à«¡≈ß∑ÿπ·≈–¥”‡π‘π°“√

∂“π°“√≥å°“√®—¥°“√¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬

Situation of Hazardous Waste Management The Pollution Control Department has estimated the amount of hazardous waste in 2004 to be 1.81 million tons, an approximately increase of 0.01 million tons from 2003. They are categorized as 1.405 million tons of industrial hazardous waste and 0.403 million tons of community hazardous waste (including 0.02 million tons of infectious waste). More than 59% of the amount of waste generated or approximately 1.06 million tons are in Bangkok and its vicinities. (Table 1) Most of hazardous waste from the industrial sector are generated countrywide but only 50 % of them are eliminated. This might come from the main factor such as the cost-based value which some business entities choose to carry out the disposal operation by themselves or some want to collect the amount of waste much enough for delivery to be disposed of in order to reduce cost. Another factor is the monitor and audit of the

GREEN LINE

°√¡§«∫§ÿ ¡ ¡≈æ‘ …‰¥â ª √–¡“≥°“√ª√‘ ¡ “≥¢Õ߇ ’ Õ—πµ√“¬„πªï æ.». 2547 «à“¡’ª√–¡“≥ 1.81 ≈â“πµ—π ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ®“°ªï æ.». 2546 ª√–¡“≥ 0.01 ≈â“πµ—π ·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ¢Õ߇ ’Õ—πµ√“¬®“°Õÿµ “À°√√¡ 1.405 ≈â“πµ—π ·≈–ª√‘¡“≥¢Õ߇ ’Õ—πµ√“¬®“°™ÿ¡™π 0.403 ≈â“πµ—π (√«¡¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ 0.02 ≈â“πµ—π) ‚¥¬¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬ à«π„À≠à°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 59 ¢Õß ª√‘¡“≥∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷ÈπÀ√◊Õª√–¡“≥ 1.06 ≈â“πµ—π ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π‡¢µ °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√·≈–ª√‘¡≥±≈ (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1) ¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬®“°¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ à«π„À≠à‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ „π ∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» ¡’°“√°”®—¥‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– 50 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ ∑—Èßπ’ÈÕ“®¡’ “‡Àµÿ ”§—≠Ê ‰¥â·°à §«“¡§ÿ⡧à“∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®‚¥¬ºŸâ ª√–°Õ∫°“√∫“ß à«π‡≈◊Õ°¥”‡π‘π°“√®—¥°“√¥â«¬µπ‡Õß À√◊Õ ∫“ß à«πµâÕß°“√√«∫√«¡¢Õ߇ ’¬„Àâ¡’ª√‘¡“≥¡“°æÕ°àÕπ ®—¥ à߉ª°”®—¥‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥µâπ∑ÿπ ·≈– “‡ÀµÿÕ’°ª√–°“√ §◊Õ °“√ µ‘¥µ“¡µ√«® Õ∫¢Õ߇®â“Àπâ“∑’„Ë π°“√∫—ߧ—∫„™â°ÆÀ¡“¬ ”À√—∫ °“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ¬â“¬·≈–°”®—¥¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬®“°‚√ßß“π‰ª¬—ß ‚√ßß“π∑’Ë√—∫°”®—¥Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°°ÆÀ¡“¬ ‚¥¬¡’ª√‘¡“≥∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√ °”®—¥ª√–¡“≥ 0.69 ≈â“πµ—π „π¥â“π°“√®—¥°“√¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬®“°™ÿ¡™π à«π„À≠à ¡’°“√®—¥°“√∑’ˉ¡à‡À¡“– ¡ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¬—ß¡’°“√°”®—¥¢Õ߇ ’Õ—πµ√“¬®“°™ÿ¡™π√«¡‰ª°—∫°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑—Ë«‰ª ·≈–ª√–™“™π¬—ߢ“¥§«“¡√Ÿâ·≈–¬—߉¡à„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠„π°“√ §—¥·¬°¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬ ‡™àπ À≈Õ¥ø≈ŸÕÕ‡√ ‡´πµå∑’ˇ ’¬·≈â« °√–ªÜ Õ ß¬“¶à “ ·¡≈ß ∂à “ π‰ø©“¬‡°à “ √«¡∑—È ß ¢Õ߇ ’ ¬

result, enables the urban and municipal areas to dispose 37% of wastes generated. The rest are still under mismanagement such as waste left on the ground, open-air burning. For areas outside of the municipal regions, the provincial and district administration undertake responsibilities for collection and disposal, where they are still lack of sanitary landfill facilities.

Waste generated, if not collected for disposal, will become residues creating problems, giving off smelly odor, and forming unpleasant image, as well as, becoming germ-culture sites, which in return causes detrimental impacts on human health. In the past the process of waste collection encountered the unhygienic waste disposal as some areas did not have budget for the construction of waste facilities. Some areas have the center of waste management but ineffective due to its lack of management and continuous maintenance.

One means to help resolve the waste management problem in long term is the establishment of waste disposal centers in many areas of the country, with the aim of integrating neighboring communities to jointly eliminate waste. The private operator should also be encouraged to play an important role in investment and operation.

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µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 · ¥ßª√‘¡“≥¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬µ“¡ª√–‡¿∑ ·≈–¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§ªï æ.». 2547

Table 1 the display of the amount of hazardous waste based on type and region in 2004

æ◊Èπ∑’Ë

Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ≈â“πµ—π/ªï

™ÿ¡™π ≈â“πµ—π/ªï

√«¡ √âÕ¬≈–

Industry Million ton/year

Community Million

Area

ton/year

Total percentage

°∑¡. ·≈–ª√‘¡≥±≈ ¿“§°≈“ß ¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ° ¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ ¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ ¿“§„µâ √«¡

0.930 0.099 0.117 0.048 0.115 0.096 1.405

0.136 0.066 0.028 0.081 0.049 0.043 0.403

59.0 9.1 8.0 7.2 9.0 7.7 100.0

Bangkok and its vicinities Central East Northeast North South Total

0.930 0.099 0.117 0.048 0.115 0.096 1.405

0.136 0.066 0.028 0.081 0.049 0.043 0.403

59.0 9.1 8.0 7.2 9.0 7.7 100.0

Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ‡™à𠇧√◊ËÕߧա摫‡µÕ√å ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈– ·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ”À√— ∫ ¢Õ߇ ’ ¬ Õ— π µ√“¬∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ¡“®“°‚√ß欓∫“≈ ·≈– ∂“π∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢∑—ÈߢÕß¿“§√—∞·≈–‡Õ°™π ‰¥â·°à ¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ ‡¢Á¡ „∫¡’¥ °√–∫Õ°©’¥¬“ œ≈œ æ∫«à“„πªï æ.».

2545 ¡’ª√‘¡“≥ 16.2 µ—π/«—π ∑—ßÈ π’°È “√°”®—¥®–¡’ ∂“π欓∫“≈ ∑’¡Ë ‡’ µ“‡º“¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ ´÷ßË ¥”‡π‘π°“√‡Õß à«π¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ ∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ∫“ß à«πÕߧå°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ®–‡ªìπºŸâ√—∫‡°Á∫ √«∫√«¡·≈–°”®—¥ ‚¥¬®–¡’‡µ“‡º“¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ¢ÕßÕߧå°√ ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘πË ´÷ßË µ—ßÈ Õ¬Ÿ„à πæ◊πÈ ∑’µË “à ßÊ ∑—«Ë ª√–‡∑»®”π«π 10 ·Ààß (9 ®—ßÀ«—¥) ‰¥â·°à °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ ππ∑∫ÿ√’

officers in terms of law enforcement of transporting and disposal of hazardous waste from one factory to another that is contracted to dispose of wastes legally. The amount of 0.69 million tons of waste were disposed of.

For household hazardous waste, they are mostly under mismanagement as the treatment of community hazardous waste is processed together with the ordinary garbage. And people are lack of knowledge and donût pay attention to hazardous waste separation such as broken fluorescent lamps, cans of pesticide, old batteries, including electronic waste like computers, cell phones and cell phone batteries.

For hazardous wastes produced by both government and private hospitals and public health centers such as infectious waste, needles, blades, syringes, etc., there were approximately 16.2 million tons per day in 2003.

The hospital, owning infectious waste incinerators, would process the disposal themselves. Some leftover infectious wastes were collected, transported, and disposed by local administration. They were handled by 10 infectious waste-combustors of the local administration (9 provinces), that is, Bangkok, Nonthaburi, Samutsakorn, Suphanburi, Chiangmai, Khonkaen, Songkla, Phuket, and Chonburi. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment coordinated with the Ministry of Public Health to set the national waste management and action plans, which encompass the infectious waste management, in order to resolve the problem of infectious waste in the long run. The plan sets the guidance that the local administration should have the separate system of separation, collection, and disposal of the infectious

14.4

14.3

ª√‘¡“≥ (≈â“πµ—π)/Quantity (million tons)

15

14.6

Source : The summary report of pollution situation in Thailand 2004

14.1

∑’Ë¡“ : √ÿª√“¬ß“π ∂“π°“√≥å¡≈æ‘…¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.».

2547

12 9

0

3.1

2.8

2.2

3

2.6

6

2544 2545 2546 ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ

2547 ªï/Year

the amount of community waste generation

ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™âª√–‚¬™π墬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬

‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬«

the amount of waste utilization

√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™âª√–‚¬™π墬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π ªï æ.». 2544-2547 Figure 2 the volume of household garbage utilization in 2001-2004

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¡ÿ∑√ “§√ ÿæ√√≥∫ÿ√’ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à ¢Õπ·°àπ ߢ≈“ ¿Ÿ‡°Áµ ·≈–™≈∫ÿ√’ ∑—Èßπ’È°√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‰¥âª√– “πß“π√à«¡°—∫°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢¥”‡π‘π°“√®—¥∑” ·ºπ°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬·Ààß™“µ‘·≈–·ºπªØ‘∫—µ‘°“√ ‚¥ºπ«°°“√®—¥°“√¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕπ’ȉ«â„π·ºπ¥â«¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√ ·°â ‰ ¢ªí ≠ À“¡Ÿ ≈ ΩÕ¬µ‘ ¥ ‡™◊È Õ „π√–¬–¬“« ´÷Ë ß ¡’ · π«∑“ß„Àâ Õߧå°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ¡’√–∫∫§—¥·¬° √«∫√«¡ ·≈– °”®—¥¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ·¬°µà“ßÀ“°®“°¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑—Ë«‰ª ‚¥¬‡πâπ °“√„™â ∂“π∑’Ë°”®—¥√à«¡°—π ·≈– à߇ √‘¡„Àâ¿“§‡Õ°™π‡¢â“¡“ ≈ß∑ÿπ·≈–¥”‡π‘π°“√

°“√„™âª√–‚¬™π宓°¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π °“√„™âª√–‚¬™π宓°¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π „πªï æ.». 2547 ¡’°“√π”°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡àª√–¡“≥ 3.1 ≈â“πµ—π À√◊Õ §‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 21 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 2) ‚¥¬Õ¬Ÿà„π √Ÿª¢Õߪÿ¬Ü Õ‘π∑√’¬·å ≈–ªÿ¬Ü πÈ”™’«¿“æª√–¡“≥ 0.2 ≈â“πµ—π ·≈– Õ¬Ÿà„π√Ÿª¢Õ߇»…‡À≈Á° °√–¥“… ·°â« æ≈“ µ‘° Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ ·≈–¬“ß ª√–¡“≥ 2.9 ≈â“πµ—π ´÷Ëß√Ÿª·∫∫«‘∏’°“√π”°≈—∫¡“ „™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à®–¥”‡π‘π°“√ºà“π°‘®°√√¡µà“ßÊ ‡™àπ °“√ √—∫´◊ÈÕ¢Õ߇°à“ ‚§√ß°“√ºâ“ªÉ“√’‰´‡§‘≈ ∏𓧓√¢¬–„π‚√߇√’¬π µ≈“¥π—¥«— ¥ÿ√’‰´‡§‘≈ ¢¬–·≈°¢â“« “√ °“√∑”ªÿܬÀ¡—° °“√∑” ªÿܬ™’«¿“æ ‡ªìπµâπ ”À√—∫°“√„™âª√–‚¬™π宓°¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬Õÿµ “À°√√¡∑’Ë ¡‘„™à¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬®“°¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ‰¥â¡°’ “√π”¢Õ߇ ’·≈–¢Õ߇À≈◊Õ„™â‰ª„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à„πÕ—µ√“√âÕ¬≈– 40 ¢Õß ª√‘¡“≥°“√∫√‘‚¿§º≈‘µ¿—≥±å ∑—ßÈ π’¬È ß— ¡’Õµ— √“°“√π”‡¢â“«—µ∂ÿ¥∫‘ ªÿܬ 0.24 ≈â“πµ—π/

waste from the ordinary garbage but focusing on the integration of the same sites, and promotes the private sector to invest and operate.

Utilization of Household Waste The utilization of household waste in 2004 was the recycling of approximately 3.1 million tons or accounted for 21% of the volume of generated waste (Figure 2), which was in the form of 0.2 million tons of organic fertilizer and bio-water fertilizer, and approximately 2.9 million tons were in the form of sheet residues, paper, glass, plastics, aluminums, and tires. The recycling method was being processed under varied activities like secondhand purchase service, recycling project, waste banks in schools, recyclable materials shopping complex, garbage-rice-exchange, composting fertilizer method, organic fertilizer method, etc.

For the utilization of industrial non-hazardous waste from the industrial sector, wastes and residues were recycled at the rate of 40% of the consumption volume. However, the import of raw materials is still quite high. If waste and residues of the country are collected and transformed, it will help lessen the problem of importing raw materials. For ordinary non-hazardous garbage from small and medium enterprises, they were dumped with household waste. For waste from the large industrial sector, laws and regulation were clearly applied.

Fertilizer 0.24 million tons

Õ◊ËπÊ 0.01 ≈â“πµ—π/ Other 0.01 million tons

Utilization of Waste from Agricultural Sector

Animal Feed 2.61 million tons

From the data processing of the Office of Economics and Agriculture, the Livestock Department, Land Development Department, and Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency in 2004, it was able to estimate the potential recycling of agricultural material residues of up to 10 kinds, that is, rice, sugar cane, corn, coconut, palm oil, cassava, peanut, cotton, and millet. There were approimately 82.23 million tons of these, 18.60 mil ion tons, or 22.62%, of which were recycled.

Most of the recycling was in the form of alternative energy/fuel about 15.74%, secondly 2.61 million tons in the form of animal feed, 0.24 mil ion tons of organic fertilizer, and 0.01 million tons of others, respectively (Figure 3).

æ≈—ßß“π‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ß 15.74 ≈â“πµ—π/ Fuel Energy 15.74 million tons

√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 —¥ à«π°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õ߇ ’¬·≈–«— ¥ÿ‡À≈◊Õ„™â ∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√ Figure 3 the proportion of the utilization of agricultural residues and waste

GREEN LINE

Õ“À“√ —µ«å 2.61 ≈â“πµ—π/

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14.6

„π°“√º≈‘µ§àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß ´÷ËßÀ“°¡’°“√√«∫√«¡¢Õ߇ ’¬·≈–¢Õß ‡À≈◊Õ„™â„πª√–‡∑»¡“·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à®–™à«¬≈¥ªí≠À“°“√π” ‡¢â“«—µ∂ÿ¥∫‘ ≈ß à«π¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑—«Ë ‰ª∑’¡Ë „‘ ™à¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬®“° Õÿµ “À°√√¡¢π“¥‡≈Á°·≈–Õÿµ “À°√√¡¢π“¥¬àÕ¡ ¬—ߧß∑‘ßÈ √«¡ °—∫¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π à«π¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬®“°¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ¢π“¥„À≠à®–¡’¢âÕ°”Àπ¥°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π

12.4

6.3

11.4

12

11.9

5.3

6

5.5

9 5.1

ª√‘¡“≥ (≈â“πµ—π)/Quantity (million tons)

15

3 0

2544 2545 2546 2547 ªï/Year ª√‘¡“≥¢Õ߇ ’¬∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ the amount of waste generation from the industrial sector

ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õ߇ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ the amount of waste utilization in the industrial sector

√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õ߇ ’¬Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ªï æ.». 2544-2547 Figure 4 the amount of the utilization of industrial wastes 2001-2004

‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬«

°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õ߇ ’¬„π¿“§‡°…µ√°√√¡ ®“°°“√ª√–¡«≈¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“° ”π—°ß“π‡»√…∞°‘®·≈–‡°…µ√ °√¡ª»ÿ µ— «å °√¡æ—≤π“∑’¥Ë π‘ ·≈–°√¡æ—≤π“æ≈—ßß“π∑¥·∑π ·≈–Õπÿ√—°…åæ≈—ßß“π „πªï æ.». 2547 “¡“√∂ª√–¡“≥°“√ ª√‘¡“≥«— ¥ÿ‡À≈◊Õ„™â∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√∑’Ë¡’»—°¬¿“æ„π°“√π” °≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à‰¥â Ÿß ÿ¥ 10 ª√–‡¿∑ ‰¥â·°à ¢â“« Õâբ⓫‚æ¥ ¡–æ√â“« ª“≈å¡πÈ”¡—π ¡—π ”ª–À≈—ß ∂—Ë«≈‘ ß ΩÑ“∂—Ë«‡À≈◊Õß ·≈–¢â“«øÉ“ß ¡’ª√–¡“≥ 82.23 ≈â“πµ—π ´÷Ëߪ√‘¡“≥ °“√π”«— ¥ÿ‡À≈◊Õ„™â∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√¥—ß°≈à“«¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à ¡’ª√–¡“≥ 18.60 ≈â“πµ—π À√◊Õ§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 22.62 ‚¥¬·¬° ÕÕ°‡ªìπ°“√π”°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à„π√Ÿª¢Õßæ≈—ßß“π ∑¥·∑π/‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ß¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊ Õ ª√–¡“≥ 15.74 ≈â“πµ—π √Õß≈ß¡“‡ªìπ°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå„π√Ÿª·∫∫Õ“À“√ —µ«å 2.61 ≈â“πµ—π ∑”ªÿ¬Ü Õ‘π∑√’¬¡å ª’ √–¡“≥ 0.24 ≈â“πµ—π ·≈–Õ◊πË Ê 0.01 ≈â“πµ—𠵓¡≈”¥—∫ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 3)

Utilization of Waste from the Industrial Sector Waste from the industrial sector consists of paper, glass, plastics, metals, aluminums, and rubbers. In 2004 there were approximately 14.6 million tons, of which 8.3 million tons, accounted for 57% of the volume of waste in the industrial sector, an increase of 14% from 2003, were recycled. (Figure 4) The beneficial use of wastes from the industrial sector is mostly through the exchange of wastes among factories and the exchange of material residues between manufacturers, importers or distributors (Waste Exchange System), through Deposit-Refund System, lucky-draw campaigns via distributors, including repurchase of broken things from repurchase-second hand business owners. The details are categorized according to the industry (Table 2) as follows: 1. The paper industry has the volume of recycling paper of about 1.3 million tons, 38% of the total of the paper waste countrywide (3.4 million tons), an increase of 12% from 2003.

2. The glass industry has the amount of transformation and recycling of around 1.4 million tons, 64% of the amount of the total glass wastes countrywide (about 2.2 million tons), an increase of 15% from 2003.

3. The plastic industry has the amount of transformation and recycling of approximately 0.6 million tons, 21% of the total of the amount of plastic waste countrywide (about 2.9 million tons), a decrease of 5% 2003.

4. The steel industry has the amount of transformation and recycling of approximately 4.6 million tons, 90% of the total amount of metal waste countrywide (about 5.2 million tons), an increase of 9% from 2003.

5. The aluminum industry has the amount of transformation and recycling of approximately 0.33 million tons, 54% of the total amount of aluminum wastes countrywide (about 0.61 million tons), an increase of 1% from 2003.

6. The rubber industry has the amount of transformation and recycling of approximately 0.07 million tons, 19% of the total amount of rubber wastes countrywide (about 0.36 million tons), a decrease of 1% from 2003.

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µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õ߇ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡√–À«à“ߪï æ.». 2546-2547 ª√–‡¿∑ Õÿµ “À°√√¡

ª√‘¡“≥¢Õ߇ ’¬„π ¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ (µ—π) ªï 2546

ªï 2547

°√–¥“… ·°â«

3,997,600 2,009,300

3,352,000 2,202,300

æ≈“ µ‘° ‡À≈Á° Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ ¬“ß

2,841,600 2,632,900 575,700 356,000

2,889,600 5,153,000 606,000 361,700

√«¡

12,413,100 14,564,600

ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õ߇ ’„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ «‘∏’°“√ ªï 2546 ªï 2547 µ—π √âÕ¬≈– µ—π √âÕ¬≈– 1,053,000 26 1,275,000 38 ·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à 742,5000 37 1,173,300 53 ·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à/ 246,300 12 249,600 11 „™â´È” 746,600 26 603,500 21 ·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à 2,139,000 81 4,648,800 90 ·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à 306,400 53 328,400 54 ·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à 47,500 13 42,000 12 ·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à/ 24,400 7 25,600 7 „™â´È” 5,305,700 43 8,346,200 57

∑’Ë¡“ : √ÿª√“¬ß“π ∂“π°“√≥å¡≈æ‘…¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2547 Table 2 The amount of the Utilization of industrial wastes 2003-2004 Industry Type

The amount of waste in the industry (ton) 2003

2004

The amount of beneficial use of waste in the industry sector 2004 2003 Ton

Paper Glass

3,997,600 2,009,300

3,352,000 2,202,300

Plastic Steel Aluminum Rubber

2,841,600 2,632,900 575,700 356,000

2,889,600 5,153,000 606,000 361,700

12,413,100

14,564,600

Total

Percentage

1,053,000 742,5000 246,300 746,600 2,139,000 306,400 47,500 24,400 5,305,700

26 37 12 26 81 53 13 7 43

Ton

Method

Percentage

1,275,000 1,173,300 249,600 603,500 4,648,800 328,400 42,000 25,600 8,346,200

38 Transformation 53 Transformation/ 11 Reuse 21 Transformation 90 Transformation 54 Transformation 12 Transformation/ 7 Reuse 57

Source : The summary report of pollution situation in Thailand 2004

°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õ߇ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡

GREEN LINE

¢Õ߇ ’ ¬ „π¿“§Õÿ µ “À°√√¡´÷Ë ß ª√–°Õ∫¥â « ¬¢Õ߇ ’ ª√–‡¿∑°√–¥“… ·°â« æ≈“ µ‘° ‡À≈Á° Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ ·≈–¬“ß ´÷Ëߪ√‘¡“≥„πªï æ.». 2547 ¡’ª√–¡“≥ 14.6 ≈â“πµ—π ‚¥¬¡’ °“√𔉪„™âª√–‚¬™πåª√–¡“≥ 8.3 ≈â“πµ—π À√◊Õ§‘¥‡ªìπ √âÕ¬≈– 57 ª√‘¡“≥¢Õ߇ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ´÷ßË ‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ ®“° ªï æ.». 2546 √âÕ¬≈– 14 (√Ÿª∑’Ë 4) °“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õ߇ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡¥—ß°≈à“« à«π¡“°‡ªìπ°“√·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ¢Õ߇ ’¬√–À«à“ß‚√ßß“π·≈–«— ¥ÿ ‡À≈◊Õ„™â‚¥¬°≈ÿ¡à ºŸºâ ≈‘µ ºŸπâ ”‡¢â“ À√◊ÕºŸ®â ”Àπà“¬ ‘π§â“ (Waste Exchange System) √–∫∫¡—¥®” (Deposit-Refund System) °“√®—¥°‘®°√√¡™‘ß‚™§ºà“πµ—«·∑π®”Àπà“¬ µ≈Õ¥®π°“√√—∫´◊ÕÈ

From the above data of the beneficial use of waste from the industrial sector, it has found out that most of the industries have the increased rate of the recycling, except the plastic and rubber industries, having the reduction rate of recycling. The guideline of promotion should be undertaken in many concurrent methods, such as, waste-exchange system among factories, the establishment of transforming plants, and the promotion and campaigns, etc.

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¢Õ߇ ’¬®“°°≈ÿࡺŸâª√–°Õ∫°“√√—∫´◊ÈÕ¢Õ߇°à“ ‡ªìπµâπ ‚¥¬¡’ √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥®”·π°µ“¡ª√–‡¿∑Õÿµ “À°√√¡ (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2) ¥—ßπ’È 1. Õÿµ “À°√√¡°√–¥“… ¡’ª√‘¡“≥π”°≈—∫¡“·ª√√Ÿª„™â „À¡à ª√–¡“≥ 1.3 ≈â“πµ—𠧑¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 38 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥ ¢Õ߇ ’¬ª√–‡¿∑°√–¥“…∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» (ª√–¡“≥ 3.4 ≈â“πµ—π) ´÷Ë߇æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®“°ªï æ.». 2546 √âÕ¬≈– 12 2. Õÿµ “À°√√¡·°â« ¡’ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”°≈—∫¡“·ª√√Ÿª„™â „À¡à·≈–„™â´È” ª√–¡“≥ 1.4 ≈â“πµ—𠧑¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 64 ¢Õß ª√‘¡“≥¢Õ߇ ’¬ª√–‡¿∑·°â«∑—ßÈ À¡¥∑—«Ë ª√–‡∑» (ª√–¡“≥ 2.2 ≈â“πµ—π) ´÷Ë߇æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®“°ªï æ.». 2546 √âÕ¬≈– 15 3. Õÿµ “À°√√¡æ≈“ µ‘° ¡’ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”°≈—∫¡“·ª√√Ÿª „™â„À¡à ª√–¡“≥ 0.6 ≈â“πµ—𠧑¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 21 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥ ¢Õ߇ ’¬ª√–‡¿∑æ≈“ µ‘°∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» (ª√–¡“≥ 2.9 ≈â“πµ—π) ´÷Ëß≈¥≈ß®“°ªï æ.». 2546 √âÕ¬≈– 5 4. Õÿµ “À°√√¡‡À≈Á° ¡’ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”°≈—∫¡“·ª√√Ÿª„™â „À¡à ª√–¡“≥ 4.6 ≈â“πµ—𠧑¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 90 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥ ¢Õ߇ ’¬ª√–‡¿∑‡À≈Á°∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» (ª√–¡“≥ 5.2 ≈â“π µ—π) ´÷Ë߇æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®“°ªï æ.». 2546 √âÕ¬≈– 9 5. Õÿ µ “À°√√¡Õ–≈Ÿ ¡‘ ‡ π’ ¬ ¡ ¡’ ª √‘ ¡ “≥°“√π”°≈— ∫ ¡“ ·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à ª√–¡“≥ 0.33 ≈â“πµ—𠧑¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 54 ¢Õß ª√‘ ¡ “≥¢Õ߇ ’ ¬ ª√–‡¿∑Õ–≈Ÿ ¡‘ ‡ π’ ¬ ¡∑—È ß À¡¥∑—Ë « ª√–‡∑» (ª√–¡“≥ 0.61 ≈â“πµ—π) ´÷ßË ‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ ®“°ªï æ.». 2546 √âÕ¬≈– 1 6. Õÿµ “À°√√¡¬“ß ¡’ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”°≈—∫¡“·ª√√Ÿª„™â „À¡à„π√Ÿª·∫∫µà“ßÊ ª√–¡“≥ 0.07 ≈â“πµ—𠧑¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 19 ¢Õߪ√‘ ¡ “≥¢Õ߇ ’ ¬ ª√–‡¿∑¬“ß∑—È ß À¡¥∑—Ë « ª√–‡∑» (ª√–¡“≥ 0.36 ≈â“πµ—π) ´÷ßË ≈¥≈ß®“°ªï æ.». 2546 √âÕ¬≈– 1 ®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õ߇ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ¢â“ßµâπ®–æ∫«à“Õÿµ “À°√√¡‡°◊Õ∫∑ÿ°ª√–‡¿∑¡’Õ—µ√“°“√π” ¢Õ߇ ’¬°≈—∫¡“„™â„À¡à‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ¬°‡«âπÕÿµ “À°√√¡æ≈“ µ‘° ·≈–Õÿµ “À°√√¡¬“ß∑’Ë¡’°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õ߇ ’¬≈¥≈ß ´÷Ë ß ·π«∑“ß°“√ à߇ √‘¡§«√¥”‡π‘π°“√À≈“¬Ê ·π«∑“ߧ«∫§Ÿ°à π— ‰ª ‡™àπ °“√·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ¢Õ߇ ’¬√–À«à“ß‚√ßß“π °“√®—¥µ—Èß ‚√ßß“π·ª√√Ÿª‡æ‘¡Ë ¡“°¢÷πÈ °“√√≥√ߧåª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å ‡ªìπµâπ (°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…)

Problem and Trend of Waste Management in Thailand In developed and developing countries, they are paying more importance to environmental conservation.

The environmental policies, and political, economic and social measures along with the international trade are connected. For example, the countries in the EU have employed the ISO 14000 or the Unites States of America have posed the trade barriers concerning the environment, including the globalization trend stimulating the many groups to be more concern of the environment.

Thailand, one of the many countries, is facing the environmental problem, particularly the waste management. The waste management of Thailand should control the volume of waste generated both from the community and industrial sectors, by encouraging the reduction of wastes. The reuse/recycling of waste has affected the reduction of natural raw materials in new production, along with the decrease of waste management cost and waste management facilities cost. The overall of waste management in Thailand can be summarized as follows: 1. Though the disposal of community waste, hazardous waste from the industrial sector, infectious waste from public health centers, waste from the laboratories, and hazardous waste from overseas is under operation, the overall of waste disposal is not qualified. That is, the disposal of wastes in many communities are not properly

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managed in accordance with the sanitary standard and environmental conservation; the disposal of waste in the public areas still exists, leaving it as the breeding sites for insects, rats, and carrier-disease animals, including creating smelly odor disturbing community, or the sanitary of waste disposal in the industrial sector has not yet been widespread. The industrial sector currently has produced 3 million tons of non-hazardous wastes and 1.24 million tons of hazardous ones, but the sanitary waste disposal of no more than 500,000 tons of wastes, 40% of the total, are under operation. This indicates that most of hazardous waste from the industrial sector is improperly disposed of. Most of local administration is inefficient in handling the infectious waste disposal. It has been found that most of the public health centers particularly in the private sectors do not have their own infectious-waste-combustors, that is, the disposal of infectious wastes is not processed at its origin and the collection of infectious waste of the public health centers are improperly handled, causing the mix of some of the infectious waste with the ordinary ones.

Moreover, there is continuous import of products or those considered hazards from overseas as raw materials for domestic production, without strict control. The material residues from those goods or products are hazardous wastes to community and the researches of laboratories form both government and private sectors and institutions use hazardous chemicals, which might be disposed to public areas without the appropriate technical method of disposal.

2. The rate of all types of wastes is in the rising trend, so does the waste generated from the business, trade, and industrial sectors due to the economic expansionûs rate. This trend owes to the lack of economic tools to encourage people, schools, educational institutions, community, and private businesses to reduce the volume of waste and promote its reuse/recycling. There are no measures in promoting the second-hand repurchase business, packaging residues, and excessive materials that are difficult to dispose. Also there is no clear policy from the government based on çthe pollution creator is the one who pays,é as set in the Development Plan Number 9 to motivate us to reduce the amount of waste

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µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ √«¡∑—Èß°√–· ‚≈°“¿‘«—µπå∑’Ë°√–µÿâπ„Àâ°≈ÿà¡ æ≈—ßµà“ßÊ π„®„π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¡“°¢÷Èπ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡ªìπª√–‡∑»Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë°”≈—ߪ√– ∫°—∫ªí≠À“ ¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ªí≠À“°“√®—¥°“√¢¬– ´÷Ëß°“√ ®—¥°“√¢¬–¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬§«√®–µâÕߧ«∫§ÿ¡ª√‘¡“≥°“√ º≈‘µ¢¬–∑—Èß®“°¿“§™ÿ¡™π·≈–¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ‚¥¬°“√ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ¡’°“√≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¢¬– ∑—Èßπ’ȇπ◊ËÕß®“°°“√π”¢¬–∑’Ë ¬—ß„™â‰¥â°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡àÕ’°§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß ®– àߺ≈¥’µàÕ°“√ ≈¥°“√„™â«µ— ∂ÿ¥∫‘ ∑“ß∏√√¡™“µ‘„π°“√º≈‘µ ‘π§â“¢÷πÈ „À¡à µ≈Õ¥ ®π∂÷ß°“√≈¥§à“„™â®à“¬„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–·≈–≈¥ªí≠À“¥â“π ∂“π∑’Ë°”®—¥¢¬– „π¿“æ√«¡ªí≠À“¥â“π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¢Õß ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ “¡“√∂ √ÿª‰¥â ¥—ßπ’È 1. °“√°”®—¥¢¬–®“°™ÿ¡™π ¢¬–Õ—πµ√“¬®“°¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ¢¬–µ‘ ¥ ‡™◊È Õ ®“° ∂“π欓∫“≈ ¢¬–®“°Àâ Õ ßªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ° “√ «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ·≈–¢¬–Õ—πµ√“¬®“°µà“ߪ√–‡∑» ·¡â®–¡’°“√ ¥”‡π‘π°“√Õ¬Ÿà·≈â«„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ·µà„π¿“æ√«¡·≈â«°“√°”®—¥ ¢¬– à«π„À≠à¬ß— ‰¡à‰¥â¡“µ√∞“π °≈à“«§◊Õ °“√°”®—¥¢¬–™ÿ¡™π À≈“¬·Ààߥ”‡π‘π°“√‰¡à∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡À≈—° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈ ·≈–°“√ √—°…“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¡’°“√°Õß∑‘Èß°≈“ß·®âß ª≈àÕ¬„À⇪ìπ·À≈àß ‡æ“–æ—π∏åÿ¢Õß·¡≈ß ÀπŸ ·≈– —µ«åπ”‚√§ √«¡∑—Èß àß°≈‘Ëπ‡À¡Áπ √∫°«πµàÕ™ÿ¡™π À√◊Õ°“√°”®—¥¢¬–®“°¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡∑’Ë ∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡À≈—° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈¬—ߥ”‡π‘π°“√‰¡à∑«—Ë ∂÷ß ‚¥¬„πªí®®ÿ∫π— ¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡º≈‘µ¢¬–‰¡àÕ—πµ√“¬ª√–¡“≥ 3 ≈â“πµ—π/ªï ·≈–¢¬–Õ—πµ√“¬ª√–¡“≥ 1.24 ≈â“πµ—π/ªï ·µà¡’°“√𔉪 °”®—¥Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°À≈—° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈‰¡à‡°‘π 5 · πµ—π/ªï À√◊Õ 40% ¢Õß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ´÷Ëß· ¥ß«à“¢¬–Õ—πµ√“¬®“°¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ®”π«π¡“°‰¡à ‰ ¥â ∂Ÿ ° °”®— ¥ Õ¬à “ ß∂Ÿ ° µâ Õ ß µ≈Õ¥®πÕß§å ° √ ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ à«π„À≠࢓¥»—°¬¿“æ„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬– µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ ‚¥¬æ∫«à“ ∂“π欓∫“≈ à«π„À≠à‚¥¬‡©æ“–¿“§ ‡Õ°™π‰¡à¡’‡µ“‡º“¢¬–µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ¢Õßµπ‡Õß °≈à“«§◊Õ °“√°”®—¥ ¢¬–µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ¬—߉¡à§√∫∑ÿ°·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥ ·≈–°“√√«∫√«¡¢¬– µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ¢Õß ∂“π欓∫“≈¬—ß∑”‰¡à ∂Ÿ ° «‘ ∏’ ∑”„Àâ ¢ ¬–µ‘ ¥ ‡™◊È Õ ∫“ß à«πª–ªπ°—∫¢¬–∑—Ë«‰ª πÕ°®“°π’È¡’°“√π”‡¢â“º≈‘µ¿—≥±åÀ√◊Õ ‘ËߢÕß∑’Ë∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ ¢¬–Õ—πµ√“¬®“°µà“ߪ√–‡∑»Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕ߇æ◊ËÕπ”‡¢â“¡“‡ªìπ «—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫ ”À√—∫°“√º≈‘µ ‘π§â“¿“¬„πª√–‡∑» ‚¥¬¢“¥°“√ §«∫§ÿ ¡ ∑’Ë √— ¥ °ÿ ¡ ´÷Ë ß «— ¥ÿ ‡ À≈◊ Õ „™â ® “° ‘ π §â “ À√◊ Õ º≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å ‡À≈à“π—πÈ ‡ªìπ¢¬–Õ—πµ√“¬µàÕ “∏“√≥– ·≈–®“°°“√»÷°…“«‘®¬— „πÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√¢ÕßÀπ૬ߓπ∑—ÈߢÕß¿“§√—∞·≈–‡Õ°™π ·≈– ∂“∫—πÕÿ¥¡»÷°…“µà“ßÊ ¡’°“√„™â “√‡§¡’∑’ˇªìπÕ—πµ√“´÷ßË Õ“®¡’°“√√–∫“¬ Ÿ à “∏“√≥–‚¥¬∑’¬Ë ß— ‰¡à¡°’ “√°”®—¥∑’∂Ë °Ÿ µâÕß µ“¡À≈—°«‘™“°“√ 2. Õ—µ√“°“√º≈‘µ¢¬–∑ÿ°ª√–‡¿∑¢Õߪ√–™“™π¡’·π«‚πâ¡

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‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ √«¡∑—ßÈ °“√º≈‘µ¢¬–„π¿“§∏ÿ√°‘® °“√§â“ Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ¡’Õ—µ√“‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπµ“¡°“√¢¬“¬µ—«∑“߇»√…∞°‘® ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¬—ß ‰¡à¡°’ “√„™â‡§√◊ÕË ß¡◊Õ∑“߇»√…∞»“ µ√å„π°“√®Ÿß„®„Àâª√–™“™π ‚√߇√’¬π ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“ ™ÿ¡™π ·≈–∏ÿ√°‘®‡Õ°™π ≈¥ª√‘¡“≥ ¢¬–·≈– à߇ √‘¡°“√π”¢¬–°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à ·≈–¬—ß ‰¡à¡’¡“µ√°“√ à߇ √‘¡∏ÿ√°‘®√—∫´◊ÈÕ§◊π´“°∫√√®ÿ¿—≥±å·≈–«— ¥ÿ ‡À≈◊Õ„™â∑’Ë¡’°“√„™âÕ¬à“ßøÿÉ¡‡øóÕ¬À√◊Õ°”®—¥¬“° µ≈Õ¥®π¬—ß ‰¡à¡’¡“µ√°“√¢Õß√—∞µ“¡À≈—°°“√ 纟â°àÕ¡≈æ‘…‡ªìπºŸâ®à“¬é ∑’Ë °”À𥉫â„π·ºπæ—≤π“œ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 9 ∑’Ë™—¥‡®π ‡æ◊ËÕ®Ÿß„®„Àâ≈¥ ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–·≈– à߇ √‘¡°“√π”¢¬–°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à 3. °ÆÀ¡“¬¥â“π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–°”Àπ¥„Àâ¡À’ ≈“¬Àπ૬ߓπ

and promote its reuse/recycling.

3. The waste disposal laws have regulated many agencies to be held responsible for waste management, thus, creating frustration and behavior deviated from the social rules among people and private sectors which are abided by law. As for the officials, who are responsible for waste management, are also confused of their authorities and duties, and there is the problem of coordination between agencies involved both in the central and local administrations.

4. The cost of waste disposal technology remains

√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫„π‡√◊ËÕߢ¬– ∑”„Àâª√–™“™πÀ√◊Õ‡Õ°™π´÷ËßµâÕß∂Ÿ° ∫— ß §— ∫ „™â µ “¡°ÆÀ¡“¬‡°‘ ¥ §«“¡ — ∫ π ‡°‘ ¥ 惵‘ ° √√¡∑’Ë ‡∫’Ë ¬ ߇∫π®“°°Æ‡°≥±å ¢ Õß — ß §¡ à « π‡®â “ Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ¥â “ π°“√ ®—¥°“√¢¬–¡’§«“¡ —∫ π‰¡à·πà„®„πÕ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë √«¡∑—Èß¡’ ªí≠À“°“√ª√– “πß“π√–À«à“ßÀπ૬ߓπ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß∑—Èß„π à«π°≈“ß·≈– à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬– 4. ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ‡ æ◊Ë Õ °“√®— ¥ °“√¢¬–¬— ß ¡’ √ “§“·æß·≈– °√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ∑’Ë –Õ“¥¬—߉¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ¡’°“√π” ¡“„™âÕ¬à“ß·æ√àÀ≈“¬ °≈à“«§◊Õ ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ”À√—∫°”®—¥¢¬– „πªí®®ÿ∫π— ∑’„Ë ™âÕ¬à“ß·æ√àÀ≈“¬„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‡™àπ °“√Ωíß°≈∫ °“√„™â‡µ“‡º“ ·≈–°“√À¡—°ªÿܬ ‡ªìπµâπ ¬—ß¡’√“§“·æß ·≈–¡’ ≈‘ ¢ ‘ ∑ ∏‘Ï ® “°µà “ ߪ√–‡∑»‡ªì π à « π„À≠à ∑”„Àâ ‡ ªì π ¿“√– §à“„™â®à“¬·°àÕߧå°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ·≈–¿“§‡Õ°™π¢Õß ‰∑¬ ®÷ß®”‡ªìπµâÕß®—¥À“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’∑’Ë¡’√“§“∂Ÿ°·≈– “¡“√∂ °”®—¥¢¬–‰¥â∂°Ÿ À≈—° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈µ“¡∑’°Ë √¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…°”Àπ¥

high and the hygienic manufacturing process has not yet been widely supported. The cost of technology of waste disposal widely deployed in Thailand today, such as landfills, combustors, and composting, remains high and most of them are under patent form overseas, thus creating burdens to the cost of local administration and private sector of Thailand. It is, therefore, necessary to find the cheap, effective, and sanitary technology to dispose of wastes as set by the Pollution Control Department.

5. People, local community and private organizations have not yet been promoted to be part of the waste management with the government sector.

6. People in general are still lack of knowledge in waste management ranging from the separation of

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5. ª√–™“™π ™ÿ¡™π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ·≈–Õߧå°√¿“§‡Õ°™π¬—ß ‰¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–√à«¡°—∫ ¿“§√—∞Õ¬à“߇撬ßæÕ 6. ª√–™“™π‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª¬—ߢ“¥Õߧ姫“¡√Ÿâ„π°“√®—¥°“√ ¢¬– µ—ßÈ ·µà°“√§—¥·¬°¢¬– °“√π”°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à ·≈– °“√®—¥µ—ßÈ ∏𓧓√¢¬– √«¡∑—ßÈ √—∫º‘¥™Õ∫·≈–°“√¡’«π‘ ¬— „π‡√◊ÕË ß ¢¬–µàÕ à«π√«¡ 7. ªí≠À“°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–®“°‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ ¡’°“√ ∑‘Èß°“°¢Õ߇ ’¬Õÿµ “À°√√¡®“°°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µÕÕ° Ÿà¿“«– ·«¥≈â Õ ¡ ∑—È ß ∑’Ë ° “°¢Õ߇ ’ ¬ ¥— ß °≈à “ «Õ“®‡ªì π ª√–‚¬™πå °— ∫ ‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡·ÀàßÕ◊πË ·≈–‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ à«π„À≠à ¬— ߉¡àπ”‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ –Õ“¥¡“„™â„π°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ ∑”„Àâ ‘Èπ‡ª≈◊Õßæ≈—ßß“π·≈–‡æ‘Ë¡°“°¢Õ߇ ’¬Õÿµ “À°√√¡∑’ˇªìπ æ‘…µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡

√ÿª ªí≠À“¢¬–„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¬—ߧߡ’·π«‚π⡇æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ·¡â®– ¡’°“√®—¥‡°Á∫¢¬–𔉪∑”≈“¬·≈–π”°≈—∫¡“„™â„À¡à‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ µ≈Õ¥®π¡’¡“µ√°“√π‚¬∫“¬µà“ßÊ „π°“√°”®—¥¢¬–‚¥¬¡ÿàß µâÕß°“√„Àâ≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–≈ß„À≥⡓°∑’ Ë ¥ÿ Õ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ´÷Ëß°Áª√– ∫º≈ ”‡√Á®„π√–¥—∫Àπ÷Ëß ·µà°“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“¢¬– Õ¬à“߬—ßË ¬◊π¢÷πÈ Õ¬Ÿ°à ∫— §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ·≈–®‘µ ”π÷°¢Õߪ√–™“™π „𙓵‘∑ÿ°§π ¥—ßπ—ÈπÕߧå°√∑—Èß¿“§√—∞·≈–¿“§‡Õ°™π§«√ √à«¡¡◊Õ°—π√≥√ߧå √â“ß®‘µ ”π÷°„Àâ°∫— ª√–™“™πÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ÕË ß „π°“√√—°…“§«“¡ –Õ“¥ ∑‘Èߢ¬–„Àâ∂Ÿ°∑’Ë §—¥·¬°¢¬–°àÕπ∑‘Èß „π∑’Ë°”Àπ¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡ªìπª√–‡∑»πà“Õ¬Ÿà –Õ“¥ «¬ß“¡ ·≈–¡’ ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡∑’Ë ¥’ ºŸâ § π¡’ § «“¡ ÿ ¢ ·≈–∑”„Àâ §ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ¢Õߧπ„𙓵‘¡’§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë¥’µàÕ‰ª

waste, the reuse/recycling of it, and the establishment of waste banks, including responsibilities and disciplines of waste in the public.

7. The problem of waste management from the industrial plants exists. Dumping waste from the manufacturing process to the environment is detrimental, though these wastes might be useful for other industrial plants. And most of industrial factories donÕt adopt the use of clean technology and the manufacturing process, creating excessive energy consumption and increased of industrial wastes, harmful to the environment.

Summary The problem of waste in Thailand is still on the rise though the waste disposal and its reuse/recycling have been increased. The policies and measures of waste disposal, focusing on the maximization of effective waste reduction, have succeeded at one level but the longterm solution to the waste problem heavily counts on the cooperation and consciousness of all the people.

Organizations, therefore, both government and private sectors should cooperate in promoting consciousness of cleanliness, littering in proper places, separation of waste before dumping in the dumpsters, for Thailand to be a better, cleaner, beautiful, and better-environmental place for living. People are happy and so is their quality of life.

Reference

1. √ÿª ∂“π°“√≥å¡≈æ‘…¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ªï æ.». 2545, °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…

2. √ÿª ∂“π°“√≥å¡≈æ‘…¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ªï æ.». 2546, °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…

3. √ÿª ∂“π°“√≥å¡≈æ‘…¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ªï æ.». 2547, °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…

4. §«“¡‡ÀÁπ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–‡√◊ËÕßπ‚¬∫“¬°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¢Õ߉∑‚¥¬ ¿“∑’˪√÷°…“‡»√…∞°‘®·≈– —ߧ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ ªï æ.». 2547

1. The summary of pollution situation in Thailand, 2002-2004 2. Opinions and Suggestions of the Thailand Waste Management by National Economic and Social Advisory Council, 2004

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“√§¥’À≈—° Main Feature

‚¥¬ : ÿ¥“√—™ ‘ßÀ‚°«‘π∑å by : Sudarach Singhagowin

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¡Õ߉ª∑“߉Àπ‰¡à«“à ®–Õ¬Ÿ∫à π√∂‡¡≈å ∫π∑âÕß∂ππ „π∫â“π „π∑’∑Ë ”ß“π ∑ÿ°∑’Ë ∑ÿ°·Àà߇√“®–‡ÀÁπ¿“æ°“√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡Õ◊ ∂◊Õ ‡ªìπ‡À¡◊Õπ°‘®«—µ√ª√–®”«—π¢Õß∑ÿ° §π ‡¡◊ËÕ®–µ◊Ëπ¢÷Èπ¡“ ‘Ëß·√°∑’˧π„π‡¡◊Õß —¡º— ∂Ⓣ¡à„™à‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ °Á√’‚¡µ∑’«’ √’‚¡µ‡§√◊ÕË ßª√—∫Õ“°“» √Õ∫µ—«‡√“¡’·µàÕªÿ °√≥åÕ‡‘ ≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑ß—È ‘πÈ ‡√“¡Õ߇ÀÁπ ·µà§«“¡ –¥«°·≈–§ÿ≥ª√–‚¬™πå„π°“√„™âß“π ·µàÕ’°¡ÿ¡∑’ˇ√“Õ“®¡Õߢⓡ...

1 ∑√“∫‰À¡„π∑ÿ°ªï®–¡’‚∑√»—æ∑å¡Õ◊ ∂◊Õ·≈–§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√åÀ≈“¬· π‡§√◊ÕË ß∂Ÿ°π”‰ª Ωíß°≈∫·≈–‡º“∑‘Èß ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑—Ë«‚≈°°”≈—߇æ‘Ë¡¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« ‚¥¬„π·µà≈–ªï®–¡’¡“°∂÷ß 20-50 ≈â“πµ—π∑’‡¥’¬« Wherever we look-on the bus, on the road, at home, in workplace, everywhere, we see a picture of people using mobile phones as if itûs everyoneûs routine. Once being awake, first thing people in a big city touches, if not a mobile phone, is either a TV remote control, or an air conditioning remote control. All around us is electronics equipment. We only see one side of a coin, that is, conveniences and benefits. But there is another view we might overlook... 1Do you know that hundred thousands of cell phones and computer will be buried in landfills and burnt annually? The amount of this electronic waste of the world is increasing drastically with 20-50 million tons a year.

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çElectronic wasteé is not limited to only cell phone, but also included other electric appliances. We today are having fun and excited of the use of technology so much that we forget that the excessive convenience of these will in the near future become the environmental problem, a payback to us. Many of us own a hi-tech cell phone but use only the features of ringing in and out or sending SMS. A full effective capacity of the cell phone has not been fully exploited. Or come to consider things around you; what are electronics equipment and then list them down. You might find some intriguing figures and realize you own excessive electronic tool more than you need. This shallow thought is creating the secure fundamental for the problematic environment in the future. The coming catastrophe is hiding itself in the dark, not yet exerting its power until the day itûs difficult to be dealt with. And that is when we come into the reality of perils the electronic waste causes.

We today use landfill as a method of waste disposal, which unavoidably contains electronic waste. These toxic substances will linger to the environment and definitely bounce back to human.

The groups at risk of hazardous substances exposure include workers in facilities producing flashlight and battery

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碬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° åé ‰¡à‰¥â®”°—¥Õ¬Ÿà·§à‡æ’¬ß¡◊Õ∂◊Õ°—∫ §Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å‡∑à“π—Èπ ¬—ß√«¡‰ª∂÷߇§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“Õ◊ËπÊ ¥â«ªí®®ÿ∫—ππ’ȇ√“°”≈—ß πÿ°·≈–µ◊Ëπ‡µâπ°—∫°“√„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ®π À≈ß≈◊¡«à“ ‘ËßÕ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«°‡°‘𧫓¡®”‡ªìπ‡À≈à“π’È „π Õ𓧵‰¡à‰°≈®–°àÕªí≠À“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡„Àâ¬âÕπ°≈—∫¡“À“‡√“ À≈“¬∑à“π∂◊Õ¡◊Õ∂◊Õ√ÿπà ‰Œ‡∑§·µà„™â‰¡à‡ªìπ „™â·§à√∫— “¬ ‚∑√ÕÕ° À√◊Õ àߢâÕ§«“¡ ‰¡à‰¥â„™â‡µÁ¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õßµ—«‡§√◊ËÕß À√◊Õ ∂â “ ≈Õßæ‘ ® “√≥“ ‘Ë ß √Õ∫µ— « ¢Õß∑à “ π«à “ Õ–‰√∑’Ë ‡ ªì π Õÿ ª °√≥å Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∫â“ß ·≈â«≈Õß∫—π∑÷°‡ªìπ≈”¥—∫¡“ ∑à“πÕ“®æ∫ µ—«‡≈¢∑’Ëπà“µ°„® ∑’Ë∑à“π¡’‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‡°‘𧫓¡®”‡ªìπ¡“°¡“¢π“¥‰À𠧫“¡§‘¥∑’µË π◊È ‡¢‘ππ’°È ”≈—ß √â“ß∞“πªí≠À“ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ „πÕ𓧵„Àâ¡—Ëπ§ß¡“°¢÷Èπ ¿—¬√⓬∑’Ë®–µ“¡¡“„πÕ𓧵¬—ß ·Õ∫´àÕπÕ¬Ÿà„π¡ÿ¡¡◊¥ ‰¡à¬Õ¡· ¥ß¿—¬ÕÕ°¡“„Àâ‡ÀÁπ®π°«à“ ®–∂÷ß«—π∑’ˬ“°·°â‰¢·≈â«π—Ëπ·À≈–‡√“®÷ß®–‡ÀÁπ‚∑…¿—¬¢Õß ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å‡À≈à“π’È ªí®®ÿ∫π— π’‡È √“„™â°“√Ωíß°≈∫„π°“√°”®—¥¢¬– ´÷ßË µâÕß¡’¢¬– Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° åª–ªπ‰ªÕ¬à“ß·πàπÕπ ‚¥¬ “√æ‘…‡À≈à“π’È°Á®– ·∑√°´÷¡ Ÿ à ß‘Ë ·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–„π∑’ Ë ¥ÿ °Á«°°≈—∫¡“À“¡πÿ…¬åππ—Ë ‡Õß °≈ÿ¡à ‡ ’¬Ë ß∑’®Ë –‰¥â√∫— “√æ‘…®“°¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å‡À≈à“π’È §◊Õ §πß“π∑’˪√–°Õ∫°“√„π‚√ßß“π∑”‰ø©“¬·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë À√◊Õ§πß“π‡°Á∫¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ™“«∫â“π∑’Ë¡“¢ÿ¥§ÿ⬢¬– ·≈– ª√–™“™π∑’ËÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà√Õ∫Ê ∂“π∑’Ë°”®—¥¢¬– ‚¥¬ “√æ‘… ‡À≈à“π’ È “¡“√∂‡¢â“ Ÿ√à “à ß°“¬‚¥¬°“√À“¬„®‡Õ“ΩÿπÉ ·≈–‰Õ√–‡À‡¢â“‰ª À√◊Õ‚¥¬°“√°‘πÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’ “√¥—ß°≈à“«ªπ‡ªóôÕπ À√◊Õ ¥Ÿ¥´÷¡ºà“π∑“ߺ‘«Àπ—ß

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”À√—∫ª√–™“™π∑—«Ë ‰ª§«√√–¡—¥√–«—ß„π°“√„™â·≈–°”®—¥ Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ‡™àπ ‰¡à§«√π”Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ∑’‡Ë ◊ÕË ¡§ÿ≥¿“æ·≈â«°≈—∫¡“„™âÕ°’ ‰¡à∑ß‘È ´“°∑’„Ë ™â·≈â«≈ß Ÿ·à À≈àß πÈ” ∑àÕ√–∫“¬πÈ” À√◊Õ𔉪‡º“ ·≈–§«√À≈’°‡≈’ˬ߰“√ —¡º— °—∫´“°Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑’Ë·µ°À—° ¡’°“√√—Ë«‰À≈ “√‡§¡’ ‚¥¬µ√ß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å√«¡∂÷ß·ºß«ß®√ Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° åµ“à ßÊ ¡’‚≈À–Àπ—°·≈– “√‡§¡’‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫ Õ¬Ÿ¥à «â ¬ ´÷ßË ®–‡ªìπÕ—πµ√“¬µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ√à“ß°“¬À“°¡’°“√ —¡º— ‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“π“π

µ—«Õ¬à“ߢÕß‚≈À–Àπ—°∑’ˇªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫„πÕÿª°√≥å Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å “√µ–°—Ë« ´÷Ëß à«π„À≠à¡“®“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ”À√—∫Õÿª°√≥å Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° åÕ◊ËπÊ ‰¥â·°à ·ºπ«ß®√æ‘¡æå (PCB) æ∫ “√ µ–°—Ë«ª√–¡“≥ 50 °√—¡/µ“√“߇¡µ√ À≈Õ¥¿“æ√—ß ’·§‚∑¥

or waste workers, scavengers, and people living around the waste disposal facility. These toxic substances can be absorbed into the body through breathing of dust and vapor or eating food that is contaminated by the said substances or absorbing through skin.

For people in general, they should be careful when using and eliminating this electronic appliances, for example, do not reuse decayed electronic equipment, do not dispose its residues into water source, sewage, or burning and avoid direct contact with broken electronic residues, which cause direct leakage of chemical substances because these electronic tools as well as printed circuit boards contain heavy metals and chemical substances as constituents, which are detrimental to health if contact in long period.

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π‡©≈’ˬ¢Õߺ≈‘µ¿—≥±å‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å Table 1 The average life span of electric appliances and electronics products

º≈‘µ¿—≥±å/ Product

Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π‡©≈’ˬ/ Average Life Span

‚∑√∑—»πå / Television µŸâ‡¬Áπ / Refrigerator ‡§√◊ËÕß´—°ºâ“ / Washing machine ‡§√◊ËÕߪ√—∫Õ“°“» / Air Conditioning ‡§√◊ËÕߧա摫‡µÕ√å / Computer ®Õ§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å·∫∫ CRT / Cathode ray tube-computer monitor ‡§√◊ËÕß‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ / Mobile phone ·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ / Mobile phone battery À≈Õ¥ø≈ŸÕÕ‡√ ‡´πµå / Fluorescent lamp ∂à“π‰ø©“¬ / Battery

18 ªï/years 14 ªï/years 12 ªï/years 10 ªï/years 7 ªï/years 9 ªï/years 2 ªï/years 1 ªï/year 1 ªï/year 2 ‡¥◊Õπ/months

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∑’Ë¡“: °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…, 2547 ‚§√ß°“√®—¥∑”¡“µ√°“√‡√’¬°§◊π´“°º≈‘µ¿—≥±å‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å Source: The Pollution Control Department, 2004 The Project of Measures on the Recovery of Residues of Electric

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Examples of Heavy Metals of Electronic Equipment as Constituents

In many countries, the residues of electronics appliances and products have been managed, for example, in Japan, Home Appliance Recycling Law has been issued, which in the first stage, has imposed on the control of 4 types of electric appliances, that is, refrigerators, air conditionings, televisions and washing machines. The law sets the proportion of the product components to be reused (percentage compared with the product weight). This provision has been enforced to manufacturers to design new products which are

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(CRTs) ¢Õ߮էա摫‡µÕ√å 1 ‡§√◊ÕË ß æ∫ “√µ–°—«Ë ª√–¡“≥ 0.4 °‘‚≈°√—¡ ‚∑√∑—»πå 1 ‡§√◊ËÕß æ∫ “√µ–°—Ë«ª√–¡“≥ 2 °‘‚≈°√—¡ À≈Õ¥‰øøÑ“ø≈ŸÕÕ‡√ ‡´π å°¡Á ’ “√µ–°—«Ë ‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫ ¥â«¬‡™àπ°—π ·§¥‡¡’¬Ë ¡ ¡—°æ∫„π·ºàπ«ß®√ PCB µ—«µâ“π∑“π À≈Õ¥¿“æ √—ß ’·§‚∑¥ œ≈œ ª√Õ∑ ¡—°æ∫„π «‘µ™å§«∫§ÿ¡°“√ªî¥-‡ªî¥ ·ºàπ«ß®√ PCB À≈Õ¥‰ø ·≈–‚∑√»—æ∑å¡Õ◊ ∂◊Õ ®Õ¿“æ· ¥ßº≈µà“ßÊ ¢Õß Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑ÿ°ª√–‡¿∑ œ≈œ Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’ˇÀ≈à“π’È À“°‰¡à‰¥â √—∫°“√®—¥°“√Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°«‘∏’ ‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπµàÕ ·À≈àßπÈ” º‘«¥‘π æ◊Èπ¥‘π ·≈–∫√√¬“°“» ·≈â«·æ√à‰ª Ÿà§π æ◊™ ·≈– —µ«å °àÕ„À⇰‘¥¡≈æ‘…·≈–Õ—πµ√“¬µàÕ¡πÿ…¬å„π∑’Ë ÿ¥ ´÷Ëß æ‘…¿—¬·≈–Õ—πµ√“¬µà“ßÊ ¬—߉¡à· ¥ßº≈ÕÕ°„Àâ‡ÀÁπ„π∑—π∑’ ∑—π„¥ ·µà®–§àÕ¬Ê – ¡§«“¡√ÿπ·√ß ·≈â«· ¥ßÕÕ°¡“ ‡À¡◊Õπ√–‡∫‘¥‡«≈“∑’˵—È߇«≈“‰«â √Õ«—π√–‡∫‘¥„Àâ§π‡√“µ—Èßµ—« ·∑∫‰¡à∑—π∑’‡¥’¬« „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¬—߉¡à¡°’ “√ ”√«®ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipments : WEEE) ·µà ¡’ ° “√√«∫√«¡ ∂‘ µ‘ ª √‘ ¡ “≥°“√®”Àπà “ ¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ß„™â ‰ øøÑ “ ¿“¬„πª√–‡∑» ·≈–ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”‡¢â“‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“ ·≈– ™‘Èπ à«π®“°µà“ߪ√–‡∑» ´÷Ë߇¡◊ËÕπ”¡“ª√–‡¡‘π√à«¡°—∫Õ“¬ÿ °“√„™âß“π‡©≈’ˬ¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“·µà≈–ª√–‡¿∑ °Á “¡“√∂ ª√–¡“≥°“√¢Õ߇ ’¬∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„πÕ𓧵‰¥â

Lead mostly contains in battery. Other electronic appliances contain lead include printed circuit board (PBC) containing 50 grams of lead per square meter, cathode ray tubes (CRTs) of a computer monitor containing about 0.4 kilograms of lead, a television set containing about 2 kilograms of lead, and a fluorescent lamp also containing lead.

Cadmium mostly found in printed circuit boards (PBC), resistors, and cathode ray tubes, etc.

Mercury mostly found in controlling on-off switch, printed circuit boards (PBC), lamp, and mobile phone, output monitor of all electronic equipment, etc.

These electronic equipment and batteries, if improperly managed, might contaminate water source, soil surface, ground, and in the atmosphere and then spread to human, vegetation and animals, at the end causing pollution and hazards to human. Such toxics and perils are not effective all at once but slowly accumulate its intense severity and explode like a time bombing.

They are just waiting for the right time to explode so abruptly that we are not prepared for it.

In Thailand, the survey of the amount of electronic waste hasnût been carried out (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipments : WEEE) but the statistics of the number of domestic electric appliances sold and the amount of imported electric appliances and components from overseas are compiled. While considered the amount of these with the average product life span of each type of electronic equipment, the estimates of the volume of waste in the future can be determined.

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easier for recycling and contain the proportional rate of components that are recyclable as imposed by law.

The law also prohibits the disposal of old electric appliances similar as general waste, requiring the systemic storage for further recycling or correct disposal. For the United States of America, no particular provision on the electronic waste management has been issued. However, such manufacturers as Sony, IBM, etc. are voluntarily open for the return of electric appliances for recycling, aiming at building good image of the company environmental conservation.

The disposal of electric appliances and electronicsÕ residues in Thailand is still lack of proper management.

90% of the total amount of WEEE has been dumped together with the community waste at the landfill sites, which are not designed to support the hazardous waste.

Some off-spec products are kept as waste at the

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„πÀ≈“¬Ê ª√–‡∑»‰¥â¡’°“√®—¥°“√°—∫´“°º≈‘µ¿—≥±å ‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ‡™àπ ª√–‡∑»≠’˪ÿÉ𠉥âÕÕ° °ÆÀ¡“¬ à߇ √‘¡°“√√’‰´‡§‘≈‡§√◊ÕË ß„™â„π∫â“π (Home Appliance Recycling Law) ‚¥¬„π√–¬–·√°°ÆÀ¡“¬‡πâπ§«∫§ÿ¡ ‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“ 4 ª√–‡¿∑ ‰¥â·°à µŸâ‡¬Á𠇧√◊ËÕߪ√—∫Õ“°“» ‚∑√∑—»πå ·≈–‡§√◊ËÕß´—°ºâ“ ‚¥¬°ÆÀ¡“¬‰¥â°”Àπ¥ —¥ à«π Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õß ‘π§â“∑’®Ë –µâÕßπ”°≈—∫¡“„™â„À¡à (‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– ‡∑’¬∫°—∫πÈ”Àπ—° ‘π§â“) °ÆÀ¡“¬©∫—∫π’®È ß÷ ¡’º≈∫—ߧ—∫„À⺺Ÿâ ≈‘µ ®–µâÕßÕÕ°·∫∫ ‘π§â“„À¡à‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâßà“¬µàÕ°“√√’‰´‡§‘≈·≈–¡’ —¥ à«π°“√∑’Ë “¡“√∂√’‰´‡§‘≈‰¥âµ“¡∑’Ë°ÆÀ¡“¬°”Àπ¥·≈– °ÆÀ¡“¬Àâ“¡∑‘È߇§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“‡°à“„π≈—°…≥–¢¬–∑—Ë«‰ª ‚¥°”Àπ¥„À⮥— ‡°Á∫Õ¬à“߇ªìπ√–∫∫ ‡æ◊ÕË π”‰ª√’‰´‡§‘≈À√◊Õ°”®—¥ Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕßµàÕ‰ª ”À√—∫ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“¬—߉¡à¡°’ ÆÀ¡“¬‡©æ“– „π‡√◊ÕË ß°“√®—¥°“√¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ·µàÕ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ¡’ ºŸâº≈‘µ∫“ß√“¬ ‡™àπ ‚´π’Ë ‰Õ∫’‡ÕÁ¡ œ≈œ ∑’Ë√—∫§◊π‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“ ∑’˺≈‘µ·≈–®”Àπà“¬„π À√—∞œ ‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪√’‰´‡§‘≈Õ¬à“ß ¡—§√„® ‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ß¿“æ≈—°…≥å„π°“√√—°…“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·°à∫√‘…—∑

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°“√®—¥°“√´“°º≈‘µ¿—≥±å‡§√◊ÕË ß„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¬—ߢ“¥°“√®—¥°“√∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ ‚¥¬√âÕ¬≈– 90 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥ WEEE ∑—ßÈ À¡¥∂Ÿ°∑‘ßÈ √«¡‰ª°—∫¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π „πæ◊Èπ∑’ËΩíß°≈∫ ´÷Ë߉¡à‰¥âÕÕ°·∫∫‰«â‡æ◊ËÕ√Õß√—∫¢Õ߇ ’¬∑’ˇªìπ Õ—πµ√“¬ ∫“ß à«π´÷ßË ‡ªìπ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑‡’Ë ªìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë ‰¡à‰¥â¡“µ√∞“π∂Ÿ°‡°Á∫‰«â‡ªìπ¢Õ߇ ’¬¿“¬„π‚√ßß“πºŸºâ ≈‘µ ‚¥‰¡à‰¥â¥”‡π‘π°“√„¥Ê „π∞“π–¢Õߪ√–™“™π∑—«Ë ‰ª ‡√“ “¡“√∂ ™à«¬°—π·°â‰¢ªí≠À“‡À≈à“π’ȉ¥â‚¥¬°“√§—¥·¬°´“°º≈‘µ¿—≥±å ‡§√◊ÕË ß„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° åÕÕ°®“°¢¬–∑—«Ë ‰ª ‚¥¬π”‰ª ∑‘Èß„π∑’Ë∑’Ë®—¥‰«â„Àâ À√◊Õ àߧ◊π„Àâ°—∫ºŸâº≈‘µ ‘π§â“ ´÷Ëß„π¢≥–π’È °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘… √à«¡°—∫Àπ૬ߓπ∑’‡Ë °’¬Ë «¢âÕ߉¥â®¥— „Àâ¡°’ “√ √—∫§◊π´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ‚¥¬µ—Èß®ÿ¥√—∫∑‘Èß´“°‰«â∑’Ë ∂“π∑’Ë„Àâ∫√‘°“√‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬‚∑√»—æ∑凧≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë ®ÿ¥√—∫™”√–§à“ ∫√‘°“√µà“ßÊ À“°‡√“§π‰∑¬‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ°—π‡ ’¬·µà«—ππ’È „πÕ𓧵 ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èππ—Èπ®–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥æ‘…¿—¬¬âÕπ °≈—∫¡“À“æ«°‡√“Õ¬à“ßÀ≈’°‡≈’ˬ߉¡à‰¥â √«¡¡◊Õ°—π —°π‘¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ™’«‘µ∑’Ë ¥„ ·≈–ª≈Õ¥¿—¬„π«—πÀπâ“

manufacturing facilities without any operation. As common people, we can help solve this problem by segregating the electric appliances and electronicsû residues away from the common garbage and dump them into the designated dumpsites or return them to the manufacturers.

Currently, the Pollution Control Department in conjunction with involved agencies repurchases battery residues by setting up the repurchase location at the mobile phone operatorsû shops and at many payment points.

If the Thai people do not cooperate from now, the electronic waste generated in the future will inevitably pose detrimental impacts to us. Together we help, for the bright and safe future.

Reference

1. Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå°√ÿ߇∑æ∏ÿ√°‘® «—π∑’Ë 25 ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2548 §Õ≈—¡πå§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ-°“√»÷°…“ 2. CAMEO Chemical Database-Response Information Data Sheet çCopperé.

3. Vom Himmel Kommt., Zum Himmel Steigt., Und wieder nieder., Zur Erdeû muss and Ewig wechselnd. Health risks of water and sanitation.

National Institute for Public Health and Environmental (RIVM). The Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, The Netherlands. Page 62-64.

4. www.Atsda.cdc.gov/tfacts 132.html. Copper.

5. »Ÿπ¬å¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈æ‘…«‘∑¬“‚√§ 6. Àπ— ß ◊ Õ ¿“«–¡≈æ‘ … ¿— ¬ „°≈â µ— « ”π— ° ß“π§≥– °√√¡°“√ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ °√–∑√«ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ·≈–°“√æ≈—ßß“π 7. Õ—πµ√“¬®“°ª√Õ∑ ‚¥¬ ®‘√“¿√≥å ÕË”æ—π∏å »Ÿπ¬å«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å°“√·æ∑¬å æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° 8. Àπ—ß ◊Õ§«“¡√Ÿâ ‘Ë߇ªìπæ‘… µÕπ∑’Ë 14 æ.». 2543 °√¡«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å°“√·æ∑¬å °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ Àπâ“∑’Ë 9-13.

1. Krungthep turakij Newspaper, 25 August 2005, Quality of Life-Education Column 2. CAMEO Chemical Database-Response Information Data Sheet çCopperé.

3. Vom Himmel Kommt., Zum Himmel Steigt., Und wieder nieder., Zur Erdeû muss and Ewig wechselnd. Health risks of water and sanitation. National Institute for Public Health and Environmental (RIVM). The Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, The Netherlands.

Page 62-64.

4. www.Atsda.cdc.gov/tfacts 132.html. Copper.

5. Medical Toxicology Information Center 6. Book, Pollution State, Close Danger, The Office of the National Environment Committee, Ministry of Science, Technology, and Energy 7. Danger of Mercury by Jiraporn Umphan, Center of Medical Sciences, Pitsanuloke 8. Book, The Knowledge of Toxicity, Chapter 14, B.E. 2543, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, pages 9-13.

GREEN LINE

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®—∫‡¢à“§ÿ¬°—π Interview

‚¥¬ : °Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ by : Editorial Board

«“√ “√°√’π‰≈πå©∫—∫∑’Ë 16 𔇠πÕ “√–‡°’ˬ«°—∫¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ´÷Ëß ∂â“°“√®—¥°“√„πªí®®ÿ∫π— ‰¡à¥æ’ Õ „πÕ𓧵µâÕ߇°‘¥ªí≠À“ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡®“°‡√◊ÕË ß π’È¢÷Èπ„π‡¡◊Õ߉∑¬Õ¬à“ß·πàπÕπ „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å¡“°¡“∫“ßÕ¬à“߇ªìπ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ‘Èπ‡ª≈◊Õß∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√„™âÕ¬à“߇°‘𧫓¡ ®”‡ªìπ¢Õ߇√“Ê ∑à“πÊ Õ“∑‘ ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ∑’Ë¡—°‡≈◊Õ°„™â°—πµ“¡·ø™—Ëπ ·µà ≈◊¡§‘¥‰ª«à“‡√“‰¥â°àÕ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å¢÷Èπ„π —ߧ¡‡√“‡°‘𧫓¡®”‡ªìπ «“√ “√°√’π‰≈πå © ∫— ∫ π’È ¢ Õπ”∑à “ π¡“æ∫°— ∫ ¡ÿ ¡ ¡ÕߢÕß∑à “ π ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√‡¢µÕÿµ “À°√√¡´Õøµå·«√åª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ À√◊Õ∑’Ë√Ÿâ®—° °—π„ππ“¡ Software Park Thailand §ÿ≥ ÿ«¿‘ “ «√√≥ “∏æ

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Green Line Magazine, Volume 16, is presenting the content of electronic waste, if not properly managed, it will definitely pose the environmental problem in Thailand. Thailand has an abundance of electronic waste, some of which are luxury products generated from excessive use from us such as cell phones that are selectively purchased on a fashioned basis, but we forget that we have already created an electronic waste in our society.

Green Line magazine would like you to meet the perspective of the director of Software Industrial Zone or commonly know as Software Park Thailand, Khun Suwipha Wannasathop.

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Electronic Waste - Through Software Parkûs Perspective Once reading your scope of questions, I have to be excused. Most electronic waste are hardware but Software Park are committed in developing and promoting software industry, that is, the development of software program, which causes small amount of electronic waste. But in the perspective of academicians, we are concerned of this problem, too. The way the software can help resolve this issue is to upgrade version of software to enable existing computers and information technology systems to function more effectively without the need of purchasing the new one, which is a factor in creating more electronic waste.

What is Software Park?

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Software Park is an agency established in accordance with the resolution of the Cabinet in 1997 with single mission, that is, to support the software industry in Thailand to be strong and proudly have its place in the world software community.

The software industry is actually the motivational enabler for other industries, adding values and increasing competitive capacity in the international market.

Software Parkûs roles, therefore, are transferring technology and educating high technology development, and stimulating the adoption of proper use of IT in other industries, in order to enhance the effective performance, reducing production costs and at the same time providing better service to customers. In addition, Software Park supports the Thai software business owners to expand their market both domestic and overseas. Now, Thailand is moving towards to the era of Knowledge-Based Economy, 5e is required; e-Education, e-Ecommerce, e-Government, E-Society, and e-Industry, all of which are the main factors driving economy.

Therefore, the software capacity building is a critical issue of Thailand. If we consider the statistics, the software expenses and service costs merely increase 20-5% annually. In 2003, the approximate expenses were 29,000 million baht. 70% of this figure was from import. Though currently we are importing, considered in the future, once the market expands and we are able to develop the Thai software to be alternative choice. We then can further our domestic software market. And more important the software should be developed to properly suit the need of Thailand. The Thai people play an important role for this part and the business value is enormous.

Software Park, additionally, supports the use of IT in the industrial and other business sectors. Software Park has experts in software program development but how to be applied to each industrial sector needs a study of the operational process of each type of business and must know the nature of each industry, as well as, the understanding of each type of business. Consequently, another role of us is to pair up the 2 sides of the business, a programmer and a business owner, and promote the use of IT for cost-effective investment. We are stimulating the use of IT in tourism, textiles, and food industries, through continuous training, and providing IT consultancy service to different industrial sectors, including the existence of www.smartindustry.org website to educate the application of IT.

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What is the statistics of computer usage and its prediction in the country?

The Association of Thai Computer Industry, ATCI has gathered the statistics and made predictions according to the table in the document. But from my perspective, there are quite a lot of equipment that software can be applied such as computer, cell phone, pocket PC, etc. All of these equipment use software, which is called Embedded software. But in Thailand we just started to support more of it in this area. We had previously focused more on the consumption aspect.

From the rate of the growth of hardware, 3 private organizations, that is, DELL, IBM and HP, have the total sales of approximately 60 million computers in Thailand.

Thailand, in addition, has more than 30 million of cell phones. The trend of cell phone shopping is going in the direction of influence from the marketing games and fashion. Not only that the technology has been rapidly changed but also do the preferences and fashion of the people. Thus, the production of this electronic device has less life span, creating an unnecessary electronic waste in Thailand. From the statistical figures, it has expected the use of computer to be new computer every 3-5 years, while every 18 months of new cell phone. If considering the product life span, for example, Dell has announced that the life span of hardware in Thailand is 5-6 years, but each one will buy a new computer before its expiration of use that the manufacturers have guaranteed. IBM has informed its computer life span of 7-11 years.

What is your perspective towards the electronic waste situation in Thailand?

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The Thai people have not yet realized this problem but not for long we will see. As long as the subconscious of Thai people remains towards catching up with fashion or the unnecessary exchange of new hardware or the ineffective use of the device, the electronic waste in Thailand is unavoidable. Today not only the government or business sector that has computers, each house has one computer as well. The support of cheaper computers and rapid technology development are factors of creating electric waste in the future. Therefore, if we consider the current situation, it is estimated that in the future the electronic waste problem will be chosen as a hot topic on the agenda.

Additionally, the second-hand hardware accessory market is expanding fast.

We collect the garbage of other countries. Foreign countries are free. Developing and undeveloped countries purchase its electronic waste, no need to waste of time of disposal. Their waste at home becomes valuable. Thailand should have the regulations concerning this issue to impose the control of which waste can be imported. However, the Thai tariff measures do not support this scheme. If we separate the substances, the tariff will be imposed. So it is easier to export them to other countries for separation. Thus, no one does the business in this area.

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Apart from the tariff of importing remnants, the customs tariffs are also imposed.

We are lack of investor in the electronic waste management. There are many companies overseas who are well off from the electronic waste management.

We should promote more of this type of business.

How is the electronic waste management in Thailand?

For the government sector, I have seen the campaign of garbage separation; the hazardous chemical substances in the grey dumpster with orange lid. And in the private sector, DTAC has DTAC shop dumpsters for dumping old batteries but there are much fewer shops than volume of waste. There should be more of management and campaign for people to know and build awareness. For example, do you know that the garbage from each household that are not separated before dumping can cause pollution to the environment around his/ her? Or we can explain in figure if we can reduce the contaminated wastes or unnecessary garbage, how this can help the nation and preserve the health of their descendants. Show them the figure. It is similar to that of energy conservation campaign on the use of 36-watt fluorescent lamp or set the air conditioning at 25 degree Celsius. People will understand more, if it is presented in concrete facts. For example, the environmental academicians have already realized that the disposal of electronic waste takes about 30 years and the budget of concrete landfill costs 30 million baht and its usage is around 30 years and the maintenance cost is 10,000 baht per month. If considered in terms of figure, you come to realize that this costs enormously.

What is the cause of electronic waste in your point of view?

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When the developed countries enter the information age, the communication is a vital tool in stimulating the economy. And all of the communicative devices, whether be cell phones or computers, all electric devices, are essential to the development of the country, the government sector, business sector, and household sector. However, one thing we can do to help the society as a whole is the full deployment of the equipment and use as necessary. In the perspective side of the manufacturers, they should create the conscious to the society to use only when necessary. They should not only think of sales revenue but also the consciousness to the society, giving the equal importance at the same time, and expressing their social responsibilities in terms of electronic waste disposal that they produce or sell.

The popularity of second-hand products both domestically or overseas is also the import of electronic waste into the country. Though the second-hand products are cheap, their life span is shorter. That means Thailand will have tremendous electronic waste not too far from now.

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How do the foreign countries solve the problem of electronic waste?

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In Europe, Waste from Electric and Electronic Equipments, WEEE, exists. They impose tariffs on creators of pollution and promote the separation of garbage. However, Thailand has not yet had this measure, which should be considered immediately.

In Japan, if remnants of 250,000 cell phones from all over the country are distilled, 1 kilogram of gold is obtained. Moreover, the printed circuit board, PCB, of computer has valuable metals in components, that is, gold, palladium, and copper, which can be distilled into gold and palladium, approximately 50-100 gram per ton of each, and 200 kilogram per ton of copper.

Thailand itself should create values from the garbage or pay more attention to Life Cycle Assessment, LCA. Japan and Korea use LCA, which will assess the life span of electric devices by choosing the materials which have almost the same life span to assemble one product so that their life span is expired at the same time. The enforcement of tariff measures should be a key point in creating consciousness for the use of electronics because the manufacturer will look for the manufacturing method of higher quality products to reduce the electronic waste generated. If the user needs high technology products, the expense to society has also been increased.

In China, the regulations of prohibiting the import of electronic waste are stringent.

They donût allow their country to be the landfill of other countries. But in Thailand, this regulation is not clear.

In Finland, the use of laser technique in distilling electric waste component is employed, focusing on the Cathode Ray of Tubes in the television set and computer screen. The distilled parts are perfect, unleaded, and can be completely recycled. For example, 40 kilograms of television can be disassembled to reuse of its internal components up to 28 kilograms with merely 2 kilograms of waste. They have developed çlaser systemé in order to be able to recycle these equipments effectively. They can distill materials from Cathode Ray tubes and reuse at 5 to 10 times faster than that of the regular method. And more important this recycling process has not posed any toxics or contaminants in the environment. In addition, the process of distilling metals and plastics from the computer screen has been developed. The technique of disassembling glass from the Cathode Ray tubes with laser has already been patented in Japan, the United State of America, and Europe. This application is a part of innovative campaign program in the country under the Office of National Technology of Finland.

The solution to the problem apart from regulating the measures is the innovative method and promoting these innovations, enabling the reduction of electronic waste.

In Singapore, Citylaya Company is the biggest center of recycling of the world.

They make more than USD 139 million of profit from the industry of garbage separation, building the network in more than 14 countries. They use human forces to separate the waste before being transported to the factories due to the cheap labor cost. If we support this type of industry, adding values to garbage, we are more advantageous than other countries because we have the cycling network around the country. This is a distribution of income to the local.

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What is the guideline of electronic waste solution in your perspective?

As mentioned above, the regulation of clear measures, adding values to waste such as the distilling of metal, the support of tariff, giving incentives for business enterprises to invest in the waste management industry, is a must. On the contrary, those who create electronic waste should pay higher taxes. And the innovative waste disposal should be encouraged or the recycling center of the country with networks in different provinces should be founded. It might be a joint venture between the government and business sectors.

How Software Park can play a role in this solution?

The mission of Software Park is to promote the use of software to provide solution for any questions both in terms of business and societal aspect. For joint solution, Software Park is able to support the development of waste control software. Before the equipment we bought turns into garbage, we can use this software to detect where it is and which materials can be taken out or disassembled or are at the stage of disposal.

We can assess the situation in advance that how much electronic waste there wil be in how many years, in order to prepare the solution.

In the future, we may support the set-up of computer-upgrade center to help people to be able to upgrade their own computer basically to enhance the effective use of computer. There is a current program that can be used for upgrade by downloading from different websites free of charge.

For the readers

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The problem of electronic waste will definitely exist as it grows in accordance with the economic development of the country and the world. Once realizing this, the methods and measures for this problem should be set. The formation of measures or policies should be under the responsibility of the government sector who has already acknowledged the importance of this problem. For the peopleûs part, the sense of unnecessary electronic waste creation and the full deployment of the equipment should be immediately engulfed. And they should be reminded that before changing the new hardware, the new software should be done first. Software is the computer brain, a computer intelligence enabler. Do not always purchase new computers. One house with 2 computers is a worry.

Iûd like to emphasize on the consciousness, that is, if we consider the environment as something that doesnût belong to us, we will become part of the waste. We should create common sense that the environment belongs to our hand and has impacts on us and those we love. If we have the mind set like this, the cooperation will exist in the organizations as a whole. The use of technologies will be under careful consideration and sufficient for your own use as necessary.

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Ω“°∂÷ߺŸâÕà“π ªí≠À“¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å™â“‡√Á«°ÁµâÕ߇°‘¥‡æ√“–¡—π‡ªìπ°“√‡µ‘∫‚µµ“¡°“√ æ—≤π“∑“߇»√…∞°‘®¢Õߪ√–‡∑»·≈–¢Õß‚≈° ‡¡◊ËÕ√ŸâÕ¬à“ßπ’È·≈â«°ÁµâÕßÀ“«‘∏’°“√ ·≈–¡“µ√°“√‡æ◊ÕË ·°â‰¢ªí≠À“π’‰È «â ´÷ßË °“√°”Àπ¥¡“µ√°“√À√◊Õπ‚¬∫“¬‡ªìπÀπâ“∑’Ë ¢Õß¿“§√—∞ ´÷Ëß°Á‡ÀÁπ∂÷ߧ«“¡ ”§—≠„π°“√·°âªí≠À“π’È·≈â« à«π„π¿“§ª√–™“™π µâ Õ ß‡√à ß √â “ ß„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ ”π÷ ° °“√°à Õ ¢¬–Õ‘ ‡ ≈Á ° ∑√Õπ‘ ° å ‚ ¥¬‰¡à ®”‡ªì π °“√‡ÀÁ π ª√–‚¬™πå„π°“√„™âÕÿª°√≥å‡À≈à“π’È„À⇵Á¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ‡™àπ §Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√凡◊ËÕ√Ÿâ ÷° «à“‡§√◊ËÕß¡—π™â“°Á‡Õ“‰ªÕ—懰√¥ ·≈–√–≈÷°‰«â‡ ¡Õ«à“°àÕπ∑’Ë®–‡ª≈’ˬπ‡§√◊ËÕß„Àâ≈Õß ‡ª≈’ˬπ´Õøµå·«√å°àÕπ ´Õøµå·«√å¡—π§◊Õ ¡ÕߢÕߧա摫‡µÕ√å ‡ªìπµ—«∑’Ë∑”„Àâ ‡§√◊ÕË ß©≈“¥¢÷πÈ ‰¡à„™à´Õ◊È ‡§√◊ÕË ß„À¡àÕ¬Ÿ√à Ë”‰ª ∫â“πÀ≈—ßÀπ÷ßË Õ“®¡’§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å°«à“ 2 ‡§√◊ËÕß Õ—ππ’È´‘πà“‡ªìπÀà«ß ´÷ßË °Á¢Õ‡πâπ¬È”‡√◊ÕË ß®‘µ ”π÷°‡ªì𠔧—≠ §◊Õ ∂Ⓡ√“¡Õß ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡‰¡à„™à¢Õ߇√“ ‡√“®–‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷ßË ∑’∑Ë ”„À⇰‘¥¢¬–π—πÈ Ê ‚¥¬‰¡à®”‡ªìπ µâÕ߇√àß √â“ß®‘µ ”π÷°„À⧥‘ «à“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‡ªìπ¢Õ߇√“·≈–¡’º≈µàÕµ—«‡√“ ·≈–§π∑’‡Ë √“√—° ∂ⓧ‘¥‰¥âÕ¬à“ßπ’§È «“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ °Á®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„πÕߧå√«¡ °“√„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ µà “ ßÊ °Á ® –§”π÷ ß ∂÷ ß §«“¡‡À¡“– ¡·≈– æՇ撬߰—∫µπ‡Õßµ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ

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‚¥¬ : ∏ß™—¬ ¥≈ª√– ‘∑∏‘

∫√√≥“∏‘°“√¢à“«Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æåÕ‘π‰´¥å “¡—≠™π

Main Feature by : Thongchai Dolprasit Editor of Inside Commoners Newspaper

GREEN LINE

ªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’ „§√∫â“ß∑’Ë ‰¡à√Ÿâ®—°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ·¡â·µà ™“«π“∫π¿Ÿ‡¢“ À√◊Õ·¡â«∫π¥Õ¬¬—ß„™â¡◊Õ∂◊Õ°—π‡≈¡—¬π’È ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“° ”π—°ß“π ∂‘µ‘·Ààß™“µ‘√–∫ÿ«à“ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’ºŸâ „™â¡◊Õ∂◊Õ®”π«π∂÷ß 16.55 ≈â“𠇧√◊ËÕß ∑—Ë«√“™Õ“≥“®—°√2 ‚¥¬«—¥ª√‘¡“≥®“°®”π«πºŸâ ≈ß∑–‡∫’¬π°“√„™âß“π‡∑à“π—Èπ ´÷Ë߇¡◊ËÕ ‘π§â“√ÿàππ’ÈÀ¡¥Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π π—πË À¡“¬∂÷ߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬®–¡’¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° åª√–‡¿∑¡◊Õ∂◊Õ°«à“ 16.55 ≈â“𠇧√◊ËÕ߇≈¬∑’‡¥’¬« π’˧‘¥‡≈àπÊ ¬—߉¡à√«¡∂÷ß°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ√ÿàπµ“¡ ¡—¬π‘¬¡·≈–‡§√◊ËÕ߇°à“ ∑’‡Ë ’¬·≈â«·µàºŸâ „™â¬ß— „™â‡∫Õ√凥‘¡°—∫‡§√◊ÕË ß∑’´Ë Õ◊È „À¡à π—πË À¡“¬∂÷ß 1 ‡∫Õ√åÕ“®„™â ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡“·≈â« 2-3 ‡§√◊ÕË ß ´÷Ëßπ—ËπÀ¡“¬∂÷ß 1 ‡∫Õ√å¡’´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å∑‘ÈßÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë∫â“πÕ’° 2-3 ‡§√◊ËÕß π’ˬ—߉¡à√«¡·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë·≈– Õÿª°√≥åµàÕæà«ßµà“ßÊ ¬‘Ëߧ‘¥°Á¬‘Ëß®‘πµπ“°“√∂÷ß¿Ÿ‡¢“´“°¡◊Õ∂◊Õ„πÕ𓧵∫π·ºàπ¥‘ππ’È ·≈⫇√“®– ∑”Õ¬à“߉√‡¡◊ËÕ‡ÀÁπ¿“æ¿—¬¡◊¥∑’Ë√Õ«—π°àÕµ—«‡™àππ’È Has anyone currently not known mobile phones? Even the farmers from highland or hill tribes use cell phones. Data from the National Statistical Office has indicated that Thailand has 16.55 millions of mobile users country wide2 measured from the number of mobile user registration only. When the use of this product has expired, this means that Thailand will have had more than 16.55 millions of electronic garbage of cell phones.

This is just a roughly thought excluded of the change of newer model of mobile phone and the use of broken one but the user uses the same old number with the newer phone.

This means 1 mobile phone number may be used with 2-3 mobile phones, which in turn means that 1 mobile phone number has 2-3 historical mobile phones at home. This does not include batteries and other accessories. The more you think, the more you imagine of the picture of loads of old broken mobile phones piling up in this land in the future.

What can we do while foreseeing this forming disaster?

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´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ®—¥Õ¬Ÿà„π1 WEEE (Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipments) À¡“¬∂÷ß ´“° ‡§√◊ÕË ß„™âÀ√◊ÕÕÿª°√≥å´÷Ëß„™â°√–· ‰øøÑ“À√◊Õ π“¡·¡à‡À≈Á°„π °“√∑”ß“π∑’‰Ë ¡à‰¥âµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π (off-spec) À√◊ÕÀ¡¥Õ“¬ÿ°“√ „™âß“π À√◊Õ≈â“ ¡—¬ ´÷Ëß·∫à߇ªìπ 10 ª√–‡¿∑ ‰¥â·°à 1. ‡§√◊ÕË ß„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–Õÿª°√≥åÕ‡‘ ≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å„π§√—«‡√◊Õπ ¢π“¥„À≠à ‡™àπ µŸâ‡¬Á𠇧√◊ËÕß∑”§«“¡‡¬Á𠇧√◊ËÕß´—°ºâ“ ‡§√◊ËÕß ≈â“ß®“π œ≈œ 2. ‡§√◊ÕË ß„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–Õÿª°√≥åÕ‡‘ ≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å„π§√—«‡√◊Õπ ¢π“¥‡≈Á° ‡™à𠇧√◊ËÕߥŸ¥ΩÿÉ𠇵“√’¥ ‡§√◊ËÕߪîôߢπ¡ªíß ¡’¥‚°π ‰øøÑ“ œ≈œ 3. Õÿª°√≥å IT ‡™àπ §Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å ‡¡π‡ø√¡ ‚πâµ∫ÿ§ä ‡§√◊ÕË ß ·°π¿“æ ‡§√◊ËÕß‚∑√ “√/‚∑√»—æ∑å ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ œ≈œ 4. ‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ”À√—∫ºŸâ ∫√‘‚¿§ ‡™àπ «‘∑¬ÿ ‚∑√∑—»πå °≈âÕß ·≈–‡§√◊ÕË ß∫—π∑÷°«‘¥‚’ Õ ‡§√◊ÕË ß ¥πµ√’∑’Ë„™â‰øøÑ“ œ≈œ 5. Õÿª°√≥å„Àâ· ß «à“ß ‡™àπ À≈Õ¥‰øø≈ŸÕÕ‡√ ‡´πµå À≈Õ¥‚´‡¥’¬¡ œ≈œ 6. √–∫∫Õÿª°√≥凧√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ°“√·æ∑¬å 7. ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ«—¥À√◊Õ§«∫§ÿ¡µà“ßÊ ‡™à𠇧√◊ËÕß®—∫§«—𠇧√◊ËÕߧ«∫§ÿ¡Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ œ≈œ 8. ¢Õ߇≈à𠇙àπ ‡°¡∫Õ¬ ¢Õ߇≈àπ∑’Ë„™â‰øøÑ“ À√◊Õ Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å œ≈œ 9. ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ‰øøÑ“·≈–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ‡™àπ «à“π ‡≈◊ËÕ‰øøÑ“ À√◊ÕÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å œ≈œ 10. ‡§√◊ËÕß®”Àπà“¬ ‘π§â“Õ—µ‚π¡—µ‘ ‡™à𠇧√◊ËÕß®”Àπà“‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡Õ—µ‚π¡—µ‘ œ≈œ

The remnant of cell phones belongs to the group of WEEE (Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipments) meaning the remnants of tools or devices that use electricity or off-spec magnetic field or expired or out of date. It can be classified into 10 categories as follows 1. Electric and electronic devices in a large household such as refrigerator, cooler, washing machines, washing dishes, etc.

2. Electric and electronic devices in a small household such as vacuum cleaner, ironer, toaster, electric shaver, etc.

‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬«

3. IT devices such as computer, mainframe, notebook, scanner, fax/telephone, mobile phone, etc.

4. Consumer electrical and electronics assemblies such as radio, television, camera and video recorder, electric musical instruments, etc.

5. Illuminating devices, such as, fluorescent lamp, ‡™◊ËÕÀ√◊Õ‰¡à sodium light bulb, etc. ®“° ∂‘µ‘°“√π”‡¢â“¢Õß°√¡ 6. Medical equipment system »ÿ≈°“°√ æ∫«à“ ·∫µ‡µÕ√’誹Դ 7. Measurement or controller devices such as smoke π‘°‡°‘≈-·§¥‡¡’¬¡ ¡’ª√‘¡“≥ °“√π”‡¢â“≈¥≈ß °≈à“«§◊Õ „πªï ·≈–ªï 2545 ®”π«π 3,856,185 °àÕπ detector, temperature controlling device, etc.

2544 ®”π«π 4,291,829 °àÕπ à«π™π‘¥π‘°‡°‘≈-‡À≈Á° ¡’ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”‡¢â“ 8. Toys such as game boy consoles, ≈¥≈߇撬߇≈Á°πâÕ¬ §◊Õ ªï 2544 ®”π«π electric or electronic toys, etc.

655,552 °àÕπ à«πªï 2545 ¡’®”π«π 642,343 °àÕπ ·µàæ∫«à“·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë™π‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ 9. Electric and electronic tools, such as ´÷Ë߉¥â·°à ≈‘‡∑’¬¡-‰ÕÕÕπ ≈‘‡∑’¬¡‚æ≈‘‡¡Õ√å drills, electric or electronic saws, etc. ´—≈‡«Õ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å (AgO) ·≈–Õ◊ËπÊ ¡’ ®”π«π‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ ®“°ªï 2544 ®”π«π 10. Automatic vending machine such 14,424,236 °àÕ𠇪ìπ 25,494,764 °àÕπ as automatic beverage vending machine, etc. „πªï 2545

∑’Ë¡“ : ¢¬–¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ-·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ·≈–·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥°“√„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬, °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…, 2547 Source : Toxic waste of cell phone-battery residues and guidelines for cell phone-battery residues disposal management in Thailand, the Pollution Control Department, 2004

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The Thai Farmers Bank Research Center has estimated the most used accessory devices is battery, at about 1.73 batteries per 1 mobile phone number on average, while the runner-up is headphone/small talk, mobile phone cover and case, respectively. Mobile phone users are able to purchase mobile accessories at the mobile phone network service centers, agents, the call center of mobile phone operator centers, and other mobile phones shops with a variety of products either the copy one or the low quality one. The mobile phone battery is the most purchase products with the market value of no less than 1,800 million baht in 2004.

Moreover, the accessory market has been increasingly developed proportionately with the growth of the mobile phone market as well. The market consists of the sales of the genuine long-lasting accessory with higher tag price, and the sales of the used and fake shorter life span one but demanding lower price. However, the factor supporting the growth of genuine accessory market in 2004 was the tendency of the price reduction due to the reduced import tariffs. The import tariffs of mobile phone batteries were reduced from 40% of the value to 15%, effective since 2004. In 2005 it will be down to 10% of the value according to the announcement of the Customs Department. This tariff reduction has affected the increased use of genuine mobile phone accessories.

The positive impact of the use of genuine accessories is not only the reduction of the chance of danger from using off-spec accessories but also the reduction of the amount of electronic junk or mobile phone junk, for the genuine accessories last longer in usage. The materials used in production of the original ones are qualified for International standard, while the fake ones may use unqualified materials, causing leakage of chemicals used in the production and posing hazards and having shorter product life use.

However, the users must try to study the accessory manual in order to use them effectively. For example, the recharge of each type of battery is different in charging duration and type of charging if not followed or improperly conformed, it may pose danger to the users or its life span may be shorter than it should be.

GREEN LINE

»Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬° ‘°√‰∑¬ ª√–¡“≥°“√ª√‘¡“≥Õÿª°√≥å‡ √‘¡ ∑’Ë„™â¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ ·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ‚¥¬ª√–¡“≥°“√„™â·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ‚¥¬‡©≈’ˬ 1.73 °âÕπ/1 ‡≈¢À¡“¬ √Õß≈ß¡“‡ªìπÀŸøíß/ ¡Õ≈∑Õ≈å§ Àπâ“°“°‚∑√»—æ∑å ·≈–´Õß„ à‚∑√»—æ∑å µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‚¥¬ºŸâ„™â‚∑√»—æ∑凧≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë “¡“√∂À“´◊ÈÕÕÿª°√≥å‡ √‘¡‰¥â®“° »Ÿπ¬å∫√‘°“√¢Õ߇§√◊Õ¢à“¬ √â“πµ—«·∑π®”Àπà“¬‡§√◊ËÕß≈Ÿ°¢à“»Ÿπ¬å∫√‘°“√≈Ÿ°§â“¢ÕߺŸâ„Àâ∫√‘°“√‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ ·≈–√â“π®”Àπà“Õÿª°√≥å‚∑√»—æ∑凧≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë∑—Ë«‰ª ‚¥¬ ‘π§â“¡’®”Àπà“¬„Àâ‡≈◊Õ° À≈“°À≈“¬∑—ÈߢÕß·∑â ¢Õ߇≈’¬π·∫∫À√◊Õ¢Õß¡’§ÿ≥¿“æµË” ‚¥¬¡’·∫µ‡µÕ√’‡Ë ªìπ ‘π§â“∑’¡Ë ¡’ ≈Ÿ §à“°“√®”Àπà“¬ Ÿß ÿ¥ §‘¥‡ªìπ ¡Ÿ≈§à“µ≈“¥„πªï 2547 ‰¡àµË”°«à“ 1,800 ≈â“π∫“∑ πÕ°®“°π’È µ≈“¥Õÿª°√≥å‡ √‘¡‰¥â¡’°“√æ—≤π“‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷È𠵓¡°“√‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õßµ≈“¥‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊ե⫬‡™àπ°—π ´÷Ëß¡’∑—Èß Õÿª°√≥å‡ √‘¡¢Õß·∑â´ß÷Ë ¡’Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“ππ“π·µà√“§“·æß ·≈– ¢Õ߇∑’¬¡´÷Ëß¡’Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π —Èπ·µà√“§“∂Ÿ° ·µà∑—Èßπ’Èªí®®—¬∑’Ë ‡¢â“¡“™à«¬‡ √‘¡„Àâµ≈“¥Õÿª°√≥å‡ √‘¡¢Õß·∑â„πªï 2547 ¡’ °“√¢¬“¬µ—«¢÷Èππ—Èπ ‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°·π«‚πâ¡¢Õß√“§“®”Àπà“¬¡’ °“√ª√—∫µ—«≈¥≈ß Õ—π‡π◊ÕË ß¡“®“°°“√ª√—∫≈¥Õ—µ√“¿“…’π”‡¢â“ ‚¥¬·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‚∑√»—æ∑凧≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ëπ—Èπ ª√—∫≈¥Õ—µ√“¿“…’π”‡¢â“ ®“°√âÕ¬≈– 40 µ“¡¡Ÿ≈§à“ ‡À≈◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– 15 µ“¡¡Ÿ≈§à“ ‡√‘Ë¡¡’ º≈∫—ߧ—∫„™â„πªï 2547 ·≈–„πªï 2548 ®–ª√—∫≈¥≈߇À≈◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– 10 ¢Õß¡Ÿ≈§à“ µ“¡ª√–°“»¢Õß°√¡»ÿ≈°“°√ ´÷ßË √“§“∑’ªË √—∫≈¥ ≈ßπ’®È – àߺ≈„Àâ°“√„™âß“π¢ÕßÕÿª°√≥å‡ √‘¡¢Õß·∑â‡æ‘¡Ë ¡“°¢÷πÈ º≈°√–∑∫∑“ߥâ“π∫«°¢Õß°“√„™âÕÿª°√≥å¢Õß·∑âπ—Èπ πÕ°®“°®–∑”„Àâ‚Õ°“ „π°“√‡°‘¥Õ—πµ√“¬®“°°“√„™âÕªÿ °√≥å ‰¡à‰¥â¡“µ√∞“π≈¥≈ß·≈â« ¬—߇ªìπ°“√™à«¬≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¢¬– Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å À√◊Õ¢¬–¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°Õÿª°√≥å¢Õß·∑âπ—Èπ ¡—°®–¡’Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“ππ“π «— ¥ÿÕÿª°√≥å∑’Ë„™âº≈‘µ¡’¡“µ√∞“π “°≈ (International Standard) „π¢≥–∑’ÕË ªÿ °√≥å¢Õߪ≈Õ¡ π—πÈ Õ“®„™â« — ¥ÿÕªÿ °√≥å°“√º≈‘µ∑’‰Ë ¡à‰¥â¡“µ√∞“π ‡°‘¥°“√√—«Ë ‰À≈ ¢Õß “√∑’Ë „ ™â º ≈‘ µ ·≈–°à Õ „Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ Õ— π µ√“¬·≈–¡’ Õ “¬ÿ ° “√ „™âß“π —πÈ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ºŸâ„™â‡Õß°ÁµâÕß欓¬“¡»÷°…“§Ÿà¡◊Õ°“√„™â Õÿª°√≥å‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ “¡“√∂„™âß“π‰¥âÕ¬à“߇µÁ¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ‡™àπ °“√™“√å®·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë·µà≈–ª√–‡¿∑ ¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π„π ™—Ë«‚¡ß°“√™“√å®·≈–≈—°…≥–°“√™“√å® ´÷ËßÀ“°‰¡àªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡ À√◊ժؑ∫—µ‘‰¡à∂Ÿ°µâÕß°ÁÕ“®°àÕ„À⇰‘¥Õ—πµ√“¬°—∫ºŸâ„™âß“π‰¥â À√◊Õ¡’Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π∑’Ë —Èπ°«à“∑’˧«√®–‡ªìπ ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√»÷°…“ ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√„™âß“π®÷߇ªìπ ‘Ëß®”‡ªìπ·≈–‰¡à§«√∑’Ë®–≈–‡≈¬À√◊Õ ¡Õߢⓡ ∂â“∑à“π ß —¬«à“‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ‡§√◊ËÕß®‘Ϋπ’È®–°àÕ¡≈æ‘… µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡Õ¬à“߉√‡¡◊ËÕ°≈“¬‡ªìπ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑’ˇ√“ ‚¬π∑‘È߉ª·≈â« °Á≈Õß¡“»÷°…“¥Ÿ«à“ à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß‚∑√»—æ∑å

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¡◊Õ∂◊Õ¡’Õ–‰√∫â“ß ‡æ√“–‡¡◊ËÕ‡√“∑‘Èß´“°¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈â« “√‡§¡’ ·≈– à«πª√–°Õ∫µà“ßÊ ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„πµ—«‡§√◊ËÕß°Á®–°≈“¬‡ªìπ¢¬–∑’Ë ·∑√°´÷¡ Ÿà ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‡™àπ°—π à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ 1. µ—«‡§√◊ËÕß ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ·ºß«ß®√ (¡’‚≈À–¡’§à“·≈– “√Õ—πµ√“¬À≈“¬™π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à ∑Õß·¥ß ∑Õߧ” “√ÀπŸ æ≈«ß ‡∫√‘≈‡≈’¬¡ “√∑π‰ø∑’∑Ë ”®“°‚∫√¡’π ·§¥‡¡’¬¡ µ–°—«Ë π‘°‡°‘≈ æ“≈“‡¥’¬¡ ‡ß‘π ·∑π∑“≈—¡ ·≈– —ß°– ’) ®Õº≈÷°‡À≈« (LCD) ( à « πª√–°Õ∫¢Õߺ≈÷ ° ‡À≈«π—È π ¡’ À ≈“¬™π‘ ¥ ·≈–¡’ √ –¥— ∫ §«“¡Õ—πµ√“¬∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π) ≈”‚æß·≈–‰¡‚§√‚øπ (¡’¢π“¥ ‡≈Á°¡“°·µà°Á¡’ à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß‚≈À–Àπ—°) Àπâ“°“°À√◊Õ à«πÀàÕÀÿ¡â ¢Õß‚∑√»—æ∑å (∑”®“°æ≈“ µ‘°∑’‡Ë ªìπ‚æ≈’§“√å∫Õ‡πµ À√◊Õ‡Õ∫’‡Õ À√◊Õ‡ªìπ à«πº ¡¢Õß “√∑—Èß Õß™π‘¥) ·ºàπªÿÉ¡ °¥ ·≈–µ—«π” —≠≠“≥ 2. ‡§√◊Ë Õ ß·ª≈ß·√ߥ— π‰øøÑ “ ‡æ◊Ë Õ „™â Õ— ¥‰ø·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë æ∫«à“¡’ à«πª√–°Õ∫À≈—°‡ªìπ≈«¥∑Õß·¥ß∑’Ë¡’æ≈“ µ‘°Àÿâ¡ ·≈– à « πª√–°Õ∫Õ◊Ë π Ê „πª√‘ ¡ “≥‡≈Á ° πâ Õ ¬§◊ Õ ∑Õߧ” ·§¥‡¡’¬¡ ·≈–µ—«∑π‰ø 3. ·À≈àßæ≈—ßß“π/·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ´÷Ëß‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª®–‡ªìπ·∫∫∑’Ë “¡“√∂Õ—¥‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ„À¡à‰¥â ´÷Ë߉¥â·°à ™π‘¥π‘°‡°‘≈-·§¥‡¡’¬¡

Therefore, the study of product usage is necessary and should not be neglected or over-looked.

If you are questioning how this minuscule mobile phone can contaminate the environment when becoming an electronic junk after being dumped, then you should know its components. When we dump the mobile phone, the chemicals and its components are turned into waste lingering in the environment as well.

The constituents of mobile phone are: 1. The body consists of printed circuit board (a valuable metal and hazardous substances exist such as copper, gold, gallium arsenide, antimony, beryllium, asbestos made of bromine, cadmium, lead, nickel, palladium, silver, tantalum and zinc) liquid-crystal display panel (LCD) (there are many types of liquid-crystal display components and pose different level of hazards) speaker and microphone (very small in size but consisted of heavy metal in composition) masks or those covering the phone (made of polycarbonate or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastics or the mix of the two) pressing

√âÕ¬≈–¢Õß à«πª√–°Õ∫Õ—πµ√“¬‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—°¢Õß·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë∑’ËÕ—¥ª√–®ÿ„À¡à‰¥â The percentage of hazardous constituents by weight of rechargeable battery “√Õ—πµ√“¬/ Hazardous sabstances ·§¥‡¡’¬¡-Cadmium π‘°‡°‘≈/ “√ª√–°Õ∫π‘°‡°‘≈-Nickel/Nickel compound

™π‘¥π‘°‡°‘≈-·§¥‡¡’¬¡/ Nickle-Cadmium

™π‘¥π‘°‡°‘≈-‚≈À–‰Œ‰¥√¥å/ Nickel-Metal Hydride

6-26 11-30

30-50

™π‘¥≈‘‡∑’¬¡-‰ÕÕπ/ Lithium-Ion ¡’·µà‰¡à∑√“∫ª√‘¡“≥/ some but unidentified quantity

—ß°– ’-Zinc

5-20

∑Õß·¥ß-Copper

2-15

‚§∫Õ≈µå/ “√ª√–°Õ∫‚§∫Õ≈µå-Cobalt/Cobalt compound

0-2

·¡ß°“π’ -Manganese

2.5-8

<25

0-2

¡’·µà‰¡à∑√“∫ª√‘¡“≥/ some but unidentified quantity

Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡-Aluminum “√ª√–°Õ∫≈‘‡∑’¬¡-Lithium compound ‡À≈Á°°≈â“-Steel

<3-10 1-25

0-1 0-1 1-25

2-10 <25 15-30 0-5 10-20 3-30

‚æ≈’‰«π’≈Õ‘¥’π ø≈ŸÕÕ‰√¥å-Polyvinylidine fluoride µ—«∑”≈–≈“¬Õ‘π∑√’¬å-Organic solvents

‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬«

§“√å∫Õπ/·°√‰øµå-Carbon/graphite

∑’Ë¡“ : ¢¬–¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ-·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ·≈–·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥°“√„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬, °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…, 2547 Source : Toxic waste of cell phone-battery residues and guidelines for cell phone-battery residues disposal mangement in Thailand, the Pollution Control Department, 2004

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πÈ”‡À≈◊Õß ∑”≈“¬°“√∑”ß“π¢Õßµ—∫ ¡’º≈µàÕ√–∫∫ª√– “∑ ·≈–¿Ÿ¡‘µâ“π∑“𠧫“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õ߇∫√‘≈‡≈’¬¡ „™â„π ª√‘ß·≈–µ—«‡™◊ËÕ¡ ‡ªìπ “√°àÕ¡–‡√Áß ‚¥¬‡©æ“–¡–‡√Áߪե´÷Ë߇ªìπÕ«—¬«–∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ “√ ºŸ‰â ¥â√∫— “√π’ÕÈ ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°°“√ Ÿ¥¥¡®–°≈“¬‡ªìπ‚√§ Beryllicosis ´÷Ëß¡’º≈°—∫ªÕ¥ À“° —¡º— ®–∑”„À⇰‘¥·º≈∑’Ë º‘«Àπ—ßÕ¬à“ß√ÿπ·√ß ∑”„Àâ√–∫∫°“√∑”ß“π¢ÕßµàÕ¡‰∑√Õ¬¥å ·≈–µàÕ¡‰√â∑àÕº‘¥ª°µ‘ – ¡„ππÈ”π¡ °√–· ‡≈◊Õ¥ ·≈– ∂à“¬∑Õ¥„πÀà«ß‚´àÕ“À“√ §«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õß “√ÀπŸ ´÷Ëß„™â„π·ºß«ß®√ ®–¡’º≈ ∑”≈“¬√–∫∫ª√– “∑ º‘ « Àπ— ß ·≈–√–∫∫°“√¬à Õ ¬Õ“À“√ À“°‰¥â√—∫„πª√‘¡“≥¡“°Õ“®∑”„Àâ∂÷ßµ“¬‰¥â §«“¡‡ªì π æ‘ … ¢Õßπ‘ ° ‡°‘ ≈ ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π Õß§å ª √–°Õ∫¢Õß ·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ΩÿÉππ‘°‡°‘≈∂Ÿ°®—¥«à“‡ªìπ “√°àÕ¡–‡√Áß„π —µ«å∑¥≈Õß ·≈–Õ“®‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ„À⇰‘¥¡–‡√Áߪե„π —µ«å∑¥≈Õß ·≈–Õ“® ¡’º≈µàÕ√–∫∫ ◊∫æ—π∏ÿå¥â«¬ πÕ°®“°π’È º≈‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß®“°°“√ —¡º— π‘°‡°‘≈ ‰¥â·°à °“√·æâ¢Õߺ‘«Àπ—ß ´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ °“√ ¡’·º≈‰À¡â §—𠇪ìπº◊Ëπ·¥ß ¡’Õ“°“√·æâ¢Õߪե §≈⓬°“√ ‡ªìπÀÕ∫À◊¥ ·≈–·πàπÀπâ“Õ° §«“¡‡ªì π æ‘ … ¢Õß≈‘ ‡ ∑’ ¬ ¡ ´÷Ë߇ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õß ·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ‡ªìπÕ—πµ√“¬‡¡◊ËÕ°≈◊π°‘π Ÿ¥¥¡ À√◊Õ∂Ÿ°¥Ÿ¥´÷¡ ºà“πº‘«Àπ—ß “√π’È∑”≈“¬‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¢Õ߇¬◊ËÕ∫ÿ‡¡◊Õ°·≈–∑“߇¥‘π À“¬„® √«¡∑—Èߥ«ßµ“·≈–º‘«Àπ—ßÕ¬à“ß√ÿπ·√ß °“√ Ÿ¥¥¡Õ“® °àÕ„À⇰‘¥Õ“°“√™—° °≈àÕ߇ ’¬ß·≈–À≈Õ¥≈¡„À≠àÕ—°‡ ∫ ‚√§ ªÕ¥Õ—°‡ ∫®“° “√‡§¡’·≈–πÈ”∑à«¡ªÕ¥ Õ“°“√µà“ßÊ ¢Õß °“√‰¥â√∫— “√Õ“®ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬§«“¡√Ÿ â °÷ ª«¥· ∫ª«¥√âÕπ ‰Õ À“¬„®¡’‡ ’¬ßÀ«’¥ °“√Õ—°‡ ∫∑’˵Õπ∫π¢ÕßÀ≈Õ¥≈¡ À“¬„® ∂’Ë ª«¥»’√…– §≈◊Ëπ‡À’¬π ·≈–Õ“‡®’¬π

·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥°“√´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë

‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬«

¿“§√—∞ ‰¥â‡≈Á߇ÀÁ𧫓¡‡ ’ˬ߄πÕ—πµ√“¬∑’ËÕ“®‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â ®÷߉¥â√‘‡√‘Ë¡‚§√ß°“√ π—∫ πÿπ°“√‡√’¬°§◊π´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë·≈– ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ‚¥¬¢Õ§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ®“°ºŸâ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß ¥—ßπ’È ºŸªâ √–°Õ∫°“√ º≈‘µ ®”Àπà“¬ ·≈–„Àâ∫√‘°“√‚∑√»—æ∑å¡Õ◊ ∂◊Õ ®–µâÕߥ”‡π‘π°“√ : - °”Àπ¥®ÿ¥µ—Èß«“ß√—∫´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ∑’‡Ë ◊ÕË ¡ ¿“æ ‚¥¬Õ“»—¬√â“π§â“µ—«·∑π®”Àπà“¬‚∑√»—æ∑å¡Õ◊ ∂◊Õ ®ÿ¥®”Àπà“¬ À√◊Õ ∂“π∑’Ë√—∫™”√–§à“∫√‘°“√‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ´÷Ëß ¡’°√–®“¬Õ¬Ÿà∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» - √«∫√«¡´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë à߉ª°”®—¥ ‚¥¬‚√ßß“πºŸâ √— ∫ ∫√‘ ° “√°”®— ¥ ‘Ë ß ªØ‘ °Ÿ ≈ ·≈–«— ¥ÿ ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à „ ™â · ≈â «

is the organ that is exposed to substance. Those who continuously receive this substance from inhaling will develop Beryllicosis disease which affects lungs. If exposed to the skin, it will cause severe wound, abnormal function of thyroid and endocrine glands, accumulated in breast milk, bloodstream and transferred in the food chain.

The Toxicity of arsenic, used in the circuit board, causes disruption of the nervous, skin, and digestive systems. If exposed in large quantity, it might cause death.

The Toxicity of nickel, a battery component, has nickel dust which is classified as animal tested carcinogen and might cause lung cancer in tested animals. And it might have impact on the reproductive system as well.

The chronic result from nickel exposure, moreover, is allergic to skin, which is skin burn, itching, rash, and allergic to lung, similar to asthma and chest tight.

The Toxicity of Lithium, a component of battery, is harmful when taken, inhaled, or absorbed through skin.

This substance severely damages the tissues of mucous membrane and respiratory system, including eyes and skin. The inhale causes convulsion, inflammatory of larynx and bronchi, chemical-related pneumonia, and lung edema. The symptoms while exposed to substance are burning pain, coughing, wheezing, infection at the upper bronchi, repetitive breathing, headache, nausea and vomiting.

Guidelines of Cell Phone and Battery Disposal The government sector has foreseen the potential threats that it may occur so it has initiated the Recovery of Battery and Cell Phone Remnants Project, requiring the support from those involved as follows: Business owner, manufacturer, distributor and mobile phone operators are required to: - Set the location to return deteriorated cell phones or batteries with the help of cell phone distributor, shops or payment service, which is located around the country.

- Collect the remnant of mobile phones and batteries and transport them to be disposed of by the waste disposal plant (Factory Type 101, 105, and 106), which are legally registered.

- Mobile phone operators with the cooperation of

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(‚√ßß“πª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë 101, 105 ·≈– 106) ´÷Ëߢ÷Èπ∑–‡∫’¬πÕ¬à“ß ∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“- ºŸâ ª √–°Õ∫°“√„Àâ ∫ √‘ ° “√‚∑√»— æ ∑å ¡◊ Õ ∂◊ Õ √à « ¡¡◊ Õ °— ∫ ∫√‘ …— ∑ ºŸâ º ≈‘ µ ºŸâ π”‡¢â “ ‚∑√»— æ ∑å ¡◊ Õ ∂◊ Õ ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë „π ≈—°…≥–Àÿâπ à«π (Partnership Cooperation) √—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ §à“„™â®à“¬„π°“√®—¥°“√´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‚¥§”π÷ß∂÷ß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‚¥¬‚√ßß“πºŸâ√—∫∫√‘°“√°”®—¥ ‘Ëߪؑ°Ÿ≈ ·≈–«— ¥ÿ∑’ˉ¡à„™â·≈â« (‚√ßß“πª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë 101, 105 ·≈– 106) ´÷Ëߢ÷Èπ∑–‡∫’¬πÕ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“- à ß ‡ √‘ ¡ ·≈–‡º¬·æ√à ª √–™“ — ¡ æ— π ∏å „ Àâ ≈Ÿ ° §â “ ·≈– ª√–™“™π∑—Ë«‰ª √à«¡¡◊Õ√à«¡„®°—ππ”´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈– ·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë∑’ˉ¡à„™â·≈â«À√◊Õ‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ¿“æ¡“∑‘Èß„π®ÿ¥∑’Ë°”Àπ¥ - à߇ √‘¡·≈–‡º¬·æ√àª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å„À⺟ℙâ‚∑√»—æ∑å ¡◊Õ∂◊Õ¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ·≈– “¡“√∂„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’ˉ¥â Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß·≈–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ‡æ◊ÕË „Àâ¡Õ’ “¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π¬◊𬓫¢÷πÈ πÕ°®“°‡√◊ËÕߢÕß “√‡§¡’∑’ˇªìπæ‘…„π à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß ¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë·≈â« °“√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ¬—ß°àÕ„À⇰‘¥ ‚√§¿—¬Õ’°À≈“¬ª√–°“√ ¬‘Ëß ¡—¬π’ȇ¥Á°Ê √–¥—∫ª√–∂¡°Á¬—ß„™â ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡Õ◊ ∂◊Õ‡≈¬ ´÷ßË °àÕπ∑’∑Ë “à π®–À¬‘∫¬◊πË ¡◊Õ∂◊Õ„Àâ≈°Ÿ À≈“π À√◊ Õ ·¡â · µà µ— « ∑à “ π‡Õß ∑à “ π≈ÕßÕà “ π∫∑§«“¡∑’Ë µ’ æ‘ ¡ æå „ π Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æ塵‘™π ©∫—∫«—π∑’Ë 24 µÿ≈“§¡ 2548 ∑’ˇæ‘Ëߺà“π¡“ π’°È Õà π ·≈⫧àլ摮“√≥“°“√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡Õ◊ ∂◊ÕÕ¬à“ß√–¡—¥√–«—ß ®–¥’°«à“ ∫∑§«“¡¥—ß°≈à“«√“¬ß“π«à“ π.æ.∏’√«—≤πå ‡À¡–®ÿ±“ »—≈¬·æ∑¬å√–∫∫ª√– “∑ §≥– ·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ‡ªî¥‡º¬«à“ §≥–π—° «‘®—¬®“°¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬Œ“√å«“√å¥ »÷°…“«‘®—¬°“√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å ¡◊Õ∂◊Õ¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ√–¬–¬“« æ∫«à“°“√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å ¡◊Õ∂◊Õ¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ§«“¡‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß„π√–¥—∫‡´≈≈å¢Õß ¡πÿ…¬å ∑”„Àâ°“√´àÕ¡·´¡¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ„π√à“ß°“¬‡ ◊ÕË ¡ ¡√√∂¿“æ ·≈–¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â∑”„À⇰‘¥‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°À√◊Õ¡–‡√Áß∑’Ë ¡Õ߉¥â ·≈–æ∫«à“‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°∑’Ë ¡Õß¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫°“√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å

GREEN LINE

mobile phone and battery manufacturers and importers in the form of partnership cooperation are responsible for the cost of the disposal of cell phones and batteries, which are eliminated at the waste and unusable materials disposal plant (Factory Type 101, 105, and 106), which are legally registered.

- Support and promote of the return of non-used or worn-out cell phones and batteries to the location of disposal to customers and people.

- Support and promote mobile phone users to gain knowledge of the correct and effective method use of mobile phones and batteries for longer product life span.

Apart from the toxic chemical substance of the mobile phone and battery components, the use of mobile phones also causes a number of diseases. Todayûs children even in the elementary level use mobile phones.

Before your handing of mobile phone to your children and even to yourself, you might as well read the article published in Matichon Newspapers, dated 24 October 2005, and then reconsider the use of mobile phone more carefully. The article stated: Dr.Theerawat Hemachutha, a nerve system surgeon, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, revealed that the research team at Harvard University has conducted research on how the use of mobile phone has long-term effect on human health. They have found that the use of mobile phone has impacts on the change of human cellûs level, causing the deterioration of DNA repairment of the body, and the potential of lump or brain cancer and found that there is the correlation between brain lump and the use of cell phone.

That is the patients with brain lump have the lumps at the same side where they use the cell phone. If using the cell phone at the right hand side, the brain lump is found at the right side. Inside the lump, a special cell found only in the mobile phone user is detected.

Additionally, the Consumer Protection Bureau of UK has issued the warning to people especially teenagers under 16 years old should not use the mobile phone as it is believed that during that age, the brain of the teenager has not yet been fully developed. Their skull is not thick enough to bear the impact of magnetic

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¡◊ Õ ∂◊ Õ °≈à“«§◊Õæ∫«à“ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇªìπ‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°„π ¡Õß®–‡ªìπ ¢â“߇¥’¬«°—∫¢â“ß∑’Ë„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å ∂â“∂◊Õ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ¢â“ߢ«“ °Á‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°∑’Ë ¡Õߢâ“ߢ«“ ·≈–¬—ßæ∫«à“„π‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°π—Èπ¡’ ‡´≈≈å≈—°…≥–摇»…∑’Ëæ∫‡©æ“–„πºŸâ∑’Ë„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ πÕ°®“°π’ȧ≥–°√√¡°“√§ÿ⡧√ÕߺŸâ∫√‘‚¿§¢Õߪ√–‡∑» Õ—ß°ƒ… ¬—߉¥âÕÕ°ª√–°“»‡µ◊Õπª√–™“™π ‚¥¬‡©æ“–«—¬√ÿàπ Õ“¬ÿµË”°«à“ 16 ªï ‰¡à§«√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ‡æ√“–‡™◊ËÕ«à“™à«ß Õ“¬ÿ ¥— ß °≈à “ « ¡ÕߢÕ߇¥Á ° «— ¬ √ÿà π ¬— ß ‡µ‘ ∫ ‚µæ— ≤ π“‰¡à ‡ µÁ ¡ ∑’Ë Õ’ ° ∑—È ß °–‚À≈°»’ √…–‰¡àÀπ“æÕ∑’Ë®–√—∫º≈°√–∑∫®“°§≈◊Ëπ ·¡à‡À≈Á°À√◊Õ√—ß ’®“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡Õ◊ ∂◊Õ‰¥âÕ¬à“߇µÁ¡‡¡Á¥‡µÁ¡Àπà«„πµà“ߪ√–‡∑»π—Èπ¡’§”·π–π”„À⺟â∑’Ë®”‡ªìπµâÕß„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å ¡◊Õ∂◊Õ‡ªìπª√–®” „Àâ„™âÕÿª°√≥å·Œπ¥åø√’™à«¬‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâª√‘¡“≥ ·≈–Õ— µ √“°“√„™â ‚ ∑√»— æ ∑å ¡◊ Õ ∂◊ Õ Àà “ ß ¡Õß¡“°∑’Ë ÿ ¥ ¢≥– ‡¥’¬«°—π°Á¡’π—°«‘®—¬∂°‡∂’¬ß‡√◊ËÕß·Œπ¥åø√’π’ÈÕ¬Ÿà¡“°«à“®–™à«∫√√‡∑“º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ¡Õ߉¥â ¡ “°πâ Õ ¬‡æ’ ¬ ß„¥ ‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“° æ≈—ßß“π§≈◊Ëπ·¡à‡À≈Á°®“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ®–¡’¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥¢≥–∑’Ë ¡’ “¬‡√’¬°‡¢â“ ´÷Ëß√–À«à“ßπ—Èπ‡ “ —≠≠“≥®–ª≈àÕ¬æ≈—ßß“π ÕÕ°¡“°‡æ◊ËÕ√—∫ àß —≠≠“≥ ‡æ√“–©–π—ÈπÀ“°®”‡ªìπµâÕß„™â ¢Õ„Àâ„™âπÕâ ¬∑’ Ë ¥ÿ ·≈–‡¡◊ÕË ¡’ ≠ — ≠“≥‚∑√»—æ∑å‡√’¬°‡¢â“¡“ °¥ √—∫ “¬„ÀâÀ“à ßµ—« —°æ—°®÷ߧàÕ¬π”¡“·π∫ÀŸ ‡æ◊ÕË §«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—‡æ√“–º≈°√–∑∫®“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ∑ÿ°√–∫∫ ∑ÿ°¬’ËÀâÕ ‰¡à‰¥â · ¥ßÕÕ°„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∑—π∑’∑—π„¥ ·µà®–‡ªìπº≈ – ¡√–¬–¬“« ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·¡âπ«à“®–®”‡ªìπ„π¬ÿ§ ¡—¬π’È ·µà°Á¡’ ‚∑…µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡„πÕπ“§µÕ¬à“ß·πàπÕπ ‡¡◊ËÕ√ŸâÕ¬à“ßπ’È·≈â« ∑“߇≈◊Õ°Àπ÷Ëß∑’ˇ√“ “¡“√∂∑”‰¥âÕ¬à“ß ßà“¬Ê §◊Õ Õ¬à“‡≈◊Õ°´◊ÈÕ‡≈◊Õ°„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õµ“¡·ø™—Ëπ ‡ ¡◊Õπ¢Õß ‘πÈ ‡ª≈◊Õß „Àâ‡≈◊Õ°´◊ÕÈ ‡≈◊Õ°„™â¥«â ¬§«“¡®”‡ªìπ ®–‡ªìπ·π«∑“ßÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë “¡“√∂™à«¬≈¥¿“√–°“√°”®—¥¢¬– Õ‘ ‡ ≈Á ° ∑√Õπ‘ ° å · ≈–‡ªì π °“√·°â ∑’Ë “‡Àµÿ ‡ ≈¬∑’ ‡ ¥’ ¬ « §◊ Õ √≥√ߧå„Àâª√–™“™π‡°‘¥®‘µ ”π÷°°“√‡≈◊Õ°´◊ÕÈ ‡≈◊Õ°„™â π‘ §â“ ‚¥¬≈¥·≈–‡≈‘°°“√®—∫®à“¬ ‘π§â“øÿÉ¡‡øóÕ¬ ‡æ’¬ß‡∑à“π’ȇÕß °Á “¡“√∂‡æ‘Ë¡§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’„Àâ°—∫µ—«§ÿ≥„π∑ÿ°¥â“π ∑—Èß „π¥â“π‡»√…∞°‘®·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ≈Ÿ°À≈“π ¢Õߧÿ≥‰¥â¡’™’«‘µ„π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë¥’µàÕ‰ª

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wave or radioactivity from the mobile phone. In the foreign countries, there are recommendations for those who must the mobile phone regularly, to use hand-free accessories to maintain some distance and rate of mobile usage away from the brain. At the same time a lot of controversial, concerning of how the use of hand free can much lessen the impact of cell phone to the brain, exists. As the power of magnetic wave from the mobile phone is greatest when call ringing, which during that time the antenna will give off the power to transmit the signal. Therefore, when necessarily used, it should be used to the minimum. And when there is a call ringing, press the receive button away from the body and for safety reason slowly pick it up to the ears. This is because the impact from the use of all kinds of cell phone operators or brands does not show immediately but it will be accumulated in the long term.

Though the use of mobile phone is necessary nowadays, it is definitely harmful to health and environment in the future. Once realizing this, the easy alternative way is do not use or purchase cell phone in fashion like luxury goods but purchase with necessity. One way to help lessen the burden of electronic waste and solve the problem at its root, is to promote the campaign to people to raise the awareness of the shopping habit by reducing and stop purchasing luxury goods. Just doing this enables you to improve your quality of life in every aspect both in terms of economic and environmental side and for your descendants to have the better environment.

Reference

1. 碬–¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ-·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë 1. Toxic waste of cell phone-battery residues and guidelines for ·≈–·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥°“√„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬, °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡ cell phone-battery residues disposal management in Thailand, ¡≈æ‘…, 2547é the Pollution Control Department, 2004 2. www.nso.go.th 2. www.nso.go.th 3. www.pcd.go.th 3. www.pcd.go.th

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pad and carrying signals 2. Adapter for battery charger has copper wire covered with plastic as main component with other components of gold, cadmium and asbestos in small quantity.

3. Energy Sources/Battery generally is the rechargeable one. They are nickel-cadmium batteries (Ni-Cd), Nickel-Ferrus batteries (Ni-Fe) and Nickel-Metal Hydride batteries (Ni-MH) until the current one that uses Lithium-Ion batteries (Li-ion) which can store higher electric amp and be recharged while containing electricity but the cost of some model remains high.

(Ni-Cd) ™π‘¥π‘°‡°‘≈-‡À≈Á° (Ni-Fe) ·≈–™π‘¥π‘°‡°‘≈-‚≈À– ‰Œ‰¥√¥å (Ni-MH) ®π¡“∂÷ß√ÿàπªí®®ÿ∫—π´÷Ëßπ‘¬¡„™â·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ™π‘¥≈‘‡∑’¬¡-‰ÕÕπ (Li-ion) ´÷ßË “¡“√∂ª√–®ÿ‰øøÑ“‰¥â¡“°°«à“ ·≈– “¡“√∂™“√安ø‰¥â„π¢≥–∑’¬Ë ß— ¡’‰øÕ¬Ÿà ·µà„π∫“ß√ÿπà °Á¬ß— ¡’ √“§“ Ÿß

Õ—πµ√“¬®“°´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë

GREEN LINE

‡¡◊ËÕ∑‘Èß´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’˪–ªπ‰ª °—∫¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π ‡¡◊ËÕ‡«≈“ºà“π‰ª à«π‡ª≈◊Õ°ÀàÕÀÿâ¡¢Õß ‡§√◊ËÕß‚∑√»—æ∑å·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë®–‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ¿“æÀ√◊Õºÿ°√àÕπ “√ ‡§¡’∑’ˇ ◊ËÕ¡ ¿“æ¿“¬„π®–‰À≈ÕÕ°¡“ Ÿà ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ “√æ‘… π’È°Á®–‡¢â“ Ÿà√–∫∫𑇫»πå·≈–√–∫∫Àà«ß‚´àÕ“À“√ ºà“π∑“ߥ‘π πÈ” ·≈–Õ“°“» ·≈–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥Õ—πµ√“¬µà“ßÊ ‰¥â¥—ßπ’È §«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õßµ–°—«Ë ‡ªìπ à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß°“√∫—¥°√’ √à«¡°—∫¥’∫ÿ°„π·ºß«ß®√ ¡’º≈∑”≈“¬√–∫∫ª√– “∑ à«π°≈“ß ·≈–√–∫∫‚≈À‘µ °“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߉µ·≈–°“√ ◊∫æ—π∏åÿ ¡’º≈µàÕ °“√æ—≤π“ ¡ÕߢÕ߇¥Á° πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß “¡“√∂ – ¡„π ∫√√¬“°“»·≈–‡°‘¥º≈·∫∫‡©’¬∫æ≈—πÀ√◊Õ‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß°—∫æ◊™ —µ«å ·≈–®ÿ≈™’æ §«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õß·§¥‡¡’¬¡ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß ·∫µ‡µÕ√’∫Ë “ߪ√–‡¿∑ “¡“√∂ – ¡„π√à“ß°“¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–∑’‰Ë µ ∑”≈“¬√–∫∫ª√– “∑ àߺ≈µàÕæ—≤π“°“√¢Õ߇¥Á°·≈–¿“«– °“√µ—Èߧ√√¿å ·≈–¬—ßÕ“®¡’º≈µàÕæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡ §«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õß “√∑π‰ø´÷Ëß∑”®“°‚∫√¡’π ´÷Ëß„™â „π°≈à Õ ß “¬‰ø ·ºß«ß®√·≈–µ— « ‡™◊Ë Õ ¡ Õ“®‡ªì π æ‘ … ·≈– – ¡„π ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘µ ∂â“¡’∑Õß·¥ß√à«¡¥â«¬®–‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡‡ ’Ë¬ß„π °“√‡°‘¥‰¥ÕäÕ°´‘π·≈–øî«·√π√–À«à“ß°“√‡º“ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ “√°àÕ ¡–‡√Áß∑’Ë√⓬·√ߪ√–‡¿∑Àπ÷Ëß àߺ≈‡ ’¬µàÕ√–∫∫°“√¬àÕ¬·≈–

Toxicity of Mobile Phone and Battery Remnants Once cell phone and battery remnants together with household garbage are disposed of and time has gone by, the cover of cell phones and batteries will be deteriorated or corroded. Deteriorated chemical substances will then be released to the environment and this toxic will linger in the ecological and food chain systems, through soil, water and air, causing various hazards as follows: The Toxicity of Lead, a component of solder with tin in the circuit board, causes the destruction of central nervous brain system and blood system, the kidney function and reproduction, and the development of childûs brain. In addition, it can be accumulated in the atmosphere and has immediate or persistent impact on plants, animals and microbes.

The Toxicity of Cadmium, a component of some types of battery, can be accumulated in the body, particularly in the kidney, causing damages to nervous system, affecting the child development and pregnancy state and perhaps to the genetics.

The Toxicity of asbestos made of bromine, used in the electric wire box, circuit board and connector, might be toxic and accumulated in the living creature.

If mixed with copper, it causes higher risk of dioxin and furans formation during the combustion which is class I carcinogen. It causes damages to digestive system and lymph, damages liver function, and has the impact to the nervous system and immune system.

The Toxicity of Beryllium, used in the spring and connector, is a carcinogen especially lung cancer, which

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—ߧ¡ ’‡¢’¬« Green

‚¥¬ : §√√™‘µ ªîµ–°“ ‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß‚¥¬ : «√‘ √“ ª√–‡ π¡Ÿ≈ Society by : Kanchit Pitaka Edited by : Warisara Prasenmoon

„πªí®®ÿ∫π— ‰¥â¡°’ “√π”¢¬–°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå°π— ¡“°¢÷πÈ ‚¥¬„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·≈–°√–∫«π°“√µà“ßÊ ‡æ◊ÕË ≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–∑’Ë ‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ ∑—ßÈ π’·È π«∑“ß„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡’À≈“¬«‘∏’ ´÷ßË √Ÿª·∫∫∑’Ë π‘¬¡°—π°Á§◊Õ °“√®—¥°“√¢¬–‚¥¬Õ“»—¬À≈—° 5R §◊Õ R1 (Reduce) ‡ªìπ°“√≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑’ÕË “®‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ ‡™àπ „™âµ–°√â“ „ à¢Õß·∑π∂ÿßæ≈“ µ‘° R2 (Reuse) π”¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬‡»…«— ¥ÿ ¡“„™â„À¡àÕ°’ À√◊Õ‡ªìπ°“√„™â´È” „™â·≈â«„™âÕ°’ Ê ‡™àπ ¢«¥πÈ”À«“π π”¡“∫√√®ÿπÈ”¥◊Ë¡ ¢«¥°“·ø∑’ËÀ¡¥·≈â«π”¡“„ àπÈ”µ“≈ R3

Nowadays more and more of the reuse of waste has been carried out by using technology and different processes in order to reduce the amount of waste generated. The guidelines for waste disposal are varied but the popular method is the waste management in accordance with 5R principle, that is, R1 (Reduce), to reduce the amount of waste produced such as use a bag in place of plastic bags, R2 (Reuse), to recycle garbage, material residues or reuse, such as refill a bottle of sweet drinks with plain water, or refill the empty bottle of coffee with sugar, R3 (Repair), to correct, to repair the broken materials which are about to be dumped to be able to use again such as a chair, R4 (Recycle), to reuse, to transform waste, depending on the process of each type, for reuse or transform its

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√—∫´◊ÕÈ ¢¬–®“° ¡“™‘°∑ÿ°‡ “√åÀ√◊ÕÕ“∑‘µ¬å ‡«≈“ 09.00-12.00 π. ‚¥¬¡’√–∫∫∫—π∑÷°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ëπ”¡“„™â ‰¥â·°à 1. ·∫∫∑–‡∫’¬π ¡“™‘° 2. ¡ÿ¥§ŸàΩ“° ”À√—∫ ¡“™‘° 3. °√–¥“…∑”°“√∏𓧓√ 4. ∫—π∑÷°°“√´◊ÈÕ-¢“¬¢Õß ¡“™‘° º≈ ”‡√Á®¢Õß∏𓧓√¢¬–µâπ·∫∫·Ààß·√° ‰¥â¢¬“¬º≈ ‰ª Ÿ™à ¡ÿ ™πÕ◊πË Ê ∑—«Ë ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈â«„π¢≥–π’È ·µà‡π◊ÕË ß®“°‡ªì𠂧√ß°“√∑’Ë ™ÿ ¡ ™π “¡“√∂®— ¥ ∑”¢÷È π ¥â « ¬µπ‡Õß‚¥¬Õ“»— ‚§√ßß“π¢Õß‚§√ß°“√µâπ·∫∫¡“„™â ‰¥âÕ¬à“ßÕ‘ √– ®÷߉¡à¡’°“√ ‡°Á∫ ∂‘µ‘·≈–ª√–‡¡‘πº≈ ”‡√Á®¢Õß‚§√ß°“√‰¥âÕ¬à“ß∑—Ë«∂÷ß„π ªí®®ÿ∫—π ∏𓧓√¢¬–πÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ®“°°“√¡’ à«π™à«¬≈¥ª√‘¡“≥ ¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬¢Õß™ÿ¡™π·≈⫬—߇ªìπ·À≈à߇√’¬π√Ÿ∑â ’Ë ”§—≠·ÀàßÀπ÷ßË ”À√—∫‡¥Á°Ê ·≈–§π„π™ÿ¡™π ºŸâ „ À≠à „ π™ÿ ¡ ™π∑à “ πÀπ÷Ë ß ∑’Ë ‡¢â“√à«¡‚§√ß°“√∏𓧓√¢¬–‰¥â„Àâ —¡¿“…≥å«à“ ç∏𓧓√¢¬– ∑”„Àâ§π„π™ÿ¡™π√Ÿâ®—°§ÿ≥§à“¢¬–·≈–√Ÿâ«à“¢¬–√’‰´‡§‘≈ “¡“√∂ ·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ‡ß‘πµ√“‰¥â·≈â« ¬—ß∑”„À⇥Á°√Ÿâ®—°°“√ÕÕ¡é „π ¢≥–∑’ºË „Ÿâ À≠à∑“à πÀπ÷ßË ∑’¡Ë ’ «à π™à«¬¥Ÿ·≈∏𓧓√¢¬–‡ªî¥‡º¬«à“ ç‡√“‡πâπ„À⇥Á°§—¥·¬°¢¬–‡°Á∫¡“®“°∫â“π ·≈–√–À«à“߇¥‘π °≈—∫®“°‚√߇√’¬π ·µà‰¡à„Àâ§ÿ⬵“¡∂—ߢ¬– ‡æ√“–Õ“®∑”„Àâ ‡¥Á°µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ·≈–º‘¥À≈—°°“√∏𓧓√¢¬–é

the burden of the parents in a way. Apart from the service of repurchase recyclable materials, the bank stimulates among the bank member to compete for the top sales. At the end of the year, the member who has the highest sale of recyclable products will get special prize or bonus.

The waste bank of Wat Phan pee Municipal School is open for member every Saturday or Sunday from 09.00-12.00 p.m. by using the database record system as follows: 1. Form of Member Registration 2. Saving Account books for members 3. Bank working paper 4. The record of buy-sell of the member The success of the first waste bank has been expanded to other communities throughout the country.

However, as the waste bank is a project that the community can set up on their own based on the free use of the modelûs project scheme, at present the statistics and evaluation of the project havenût been widely made nationwide. In 2001 more than 30 provinces have approximately 500 waste banks, each of which is

≈—°…≥–¢Õß ¡ÿ¥§ŸàΩ“° ”À√—∫ ¡“™‘° ‡ªìπ¥—ßπ’È Feature of the savings account book of the member is

- µ—«Õ¬à“ß -

¡“™‘°‡≈¢∑’Ë ______

‚√߇√’¬π‡∑»∫“≈«—¥æ—πªï ‡∑»∫“≈π§√æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° «/¥/ª

√“¬°“√

πÈ”Àπ—° (°°.)

®”π«π‡ß‘π

ºŸâ®à“¬‡ß‘π

- µ—«Õ¬à“ß -

‚√߇√’¬π _______________________________________________________ ™◊ËÕ∫—≠™’ ________________________ ‡≈¢∑’Ë∫—≠™’ _____________________

‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬«

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√“¬°“√

®”π«π √“§“ (°°.) (∫“∑)

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µ.

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∏𓧓√¢¬–∫√‘À“√ß“π‚¥¬°“√·µàßµ—Èߧ≥–°√√¡°“√‡¬“«™π ´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ¡“™‘° 12 §π ¡’∑’˪√÷°…“∑’ˇªìπºŸâ „À≠à ´÷Ëß¡“®“°°“√·µàßµ—Èß‚¥¬§≥–°√√¡°“√™ÿ¡™πÕ’° 2 §π ‚¥¬¡’º—ß„π°“√∫√‘À“√ß“π ¥—ßπ’È ºŸâ®—¥°“√ (1 §π) ∑’˪√÷°…“ (1 §π) √ÕߺŸâ®—¥°“√ (1 §π) °√√¡°“√ (8 §π)

‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬«

‡À√—≠≠‘° (1 §π)

‡≈¢“πÿ°“√ (1 §π)

§≥–°√√¡°“√¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫„π°“√∫√‘À“√ ®—¥°“√∏𓧓√ °“√ª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å à߇ √‘¡°‘®°√√¡ ®—¥∑”∫—≠™’ ·≈–ª√– “πß“π°—∫ºŸâª√–°Õ∫°“√§â“ ¢Õ߇°à“∑’Ë®–𔉪¢“¬ ‚¥¬®–¡’°“√𗥪√–™ÿ¡ §≥–°√√¡°“√‡¥◊Õπ≈– 1 §√—Èß ·≈–®–¡’°“√µ‘¥µ“¡ ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π‚¥¬∑’˪√÷°…“ ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫¡Õ∫À¡“¬

(Repair) °“√π”¡“·°â‰¢ π”«— ¥ÿÕÿª°√≥å∑’Ë™”√ÿ¥‡ ’¬À“¬ ´÷Ëß ®–∑‘ßÈ ‡ªìπ¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬¡“´àÕ¡·´¡„™â„À¡à ‡™àπ ‡°â“Õ’È R4 (Recycle) °“√À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π°≈—∫¡“„™â π”¢¬–¡“·ª√√Ÿªµ“¡°√–∫«π°“√ ¢Õß·µà≈–ª√–‡¿∑ ‡æ◊Ë Õ π”°≈— ∫ ¡“„™â ª √–‚¬™πå „ À¡à À√◊ Õ ‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß ¿“殓°‡¥‘¡·≈â«π”¡“„™â„À¡à ‡™àπ æ≈“ µ‘° °√–¥“… ¢«¥ ‚≈À–µà“ßÊ œ≈œ π”¡“À≈Õ¡„À¡à π”¬“ß √∂¬πµå∑’Ë„™â‰¡à‰¥â·≈â«¡“∑”√Õ߇∑â“ π”·°â«·µ°¡“À≈Õ¡º≈‘µ ‡ªìπ·°â«À√◊Õ°√–®°„À¡à ·≈– R5 (Reject) °“√À≈’°‡≈’ˬ߰“√ „™â«— ¥ÿ∑’Ë∑”≈“¬¬“° À√◊Õ«— ¥ÿ∑’Ë„™â§√—È߇¥’¬«·≈â«∑‘Èß ‡™àπ ‚ø¡ ªØ‘‡ ∏°“√„™âº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑¬’Ë Õà ¬ ≈“¬¬“° À≈’°‡≈’¬Ë ß°“√„™â∑º’Ë ¥‘ «— µ ∂ÿ ª √– ß§å ®“°‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ µà “ ßÊ ‡À≈à “ π’È ∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ ∏ÿ √ °‘ ® ‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬À≈“¬√Ÿª·∫∫ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ∑’Ë√Ÿâ®—°°—π Õ¬à“ß·æ√àÀ≈“¬°Á§◊Õ ∏ÿ√°‘®°“√√’‰´‡§‘≈¢¬– À√◊Õ ç∏𓧓√ ¢¬–é π—Ëπ‡Õß ∏𓧓√¢¬–√’‰´‡§‘≈ ‡ªìπ√Ÿª·∫∫Àπ÷ßË ¢Õß°“√®—¥°“√¢¬– ¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ·≈– à߇ √‘¡°“√§—¥·¬°¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ‚¥¬‡√‘Ë¡µâπ∑’Ë ‡¬“«™π·≈–™ÿ ¡ ™π‡ªì π À≈— ° ·≈–„™â ‚ √߇√’ ¬ π‡ªì π ∂“π∑’Ë ¥”‡π‘π°“√ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇬“«™π·≈–™ÿ¡™π‡°‘¥§«“¡‡¢â“„®„π°“√ §—¥·¬°¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ∑”„À⇬“«™π®–‡°‘¥·π«§‘¥∑’Ë¥’µàÕ°“√ ®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ·≈–‡¢â“„®§ÿ≥§à“¢Õß ‘ËߢÕßµà“ßÊ «à“«— ¥ÿ ∫“ߪ√–‡¿∑ “¡“√∂𔉪„™â ª √–‚¬™πå ‰ ¥â À ≈“¬§√—È ß À√◊ Õ “¡“√∂‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ‡ß‘π‰¥â ·≈–™à«¬„Àâª√‘¡“≥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬≈¥ ª√‘¡“≥≈ß (°√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡) ª√–°“¬§«“¡§‘¥¢Õß∏𓧓√¢¬– ‡√‘¡Ë ®“°‡®â“Àπâ“∑’¢Ë Õß ∫√‘…—∑ «ß…åæ“≥‘™¬å ®”°—¥ ‰¥â‡ÀÁπ‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π¬“°®π„π ‡∑»∫“≈π§√æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈°√«∫√«¡«— ¥ÿ√’‰´‡§‘≈¡“¢“¬ ·≈â«π”‡ß‘π ∑’Ë¢“¬«— ¥ÿ‡À≈à“π—Èπ‰¥â¡“Ω“°∏𓧓√ ¥—ßπ—ÈπÀ“° “¡“√∂µ—Èß ∏𓧓√¢¬–„π‚√߇√’¬π‰¥â°Á®–¡’§«“¡ –¥«°·°à‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π ¡“°¢÷Èπ ®÷߉¥âπ”·π«§‘¥¥—ß°≈à“«¡“ª√÷°…“°—∫‡∑»∫“≈π§√ æ‘ … ≥ÿ ‚ ≈° ·≈–‰¥â √— ∫ Õπÿ ¡— µ‘ „ Àâ ¥”‡π‘ π °“√∑¥≈Õß‚§√ß°“√ ∏𓧓√¢¬–‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√°„πªï æ.». 2542 ≥ ‚√߇√’¬π‡∑»∫“≈ «—¥æ—πªï Õ.‡¡◊Õß ®.æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° ‡æ◊ËÕ π—∫ πÿπ„Àâπ—°‡√’¬π·≈–

The waste bank is managed by appointing the youth committee, which consists of 12 members.

2 adults, appointed by the Committee, are advisors. The organization chart is: ºŸâ®—¥°“√ (1 §π) ∑’˪√÷°…“ (1 §π) √ÕߺŸâ®—¥°“√ (1 §π) °√√¡°“√ (8 §π) ‡À√—≠≠‘° (1 §π)

‡≈¢“πÿ°“√ (1 §π)

components and reuse, for example, plastic, paper, glass bottle, metals, and etc. are to be melted, use the unusable tires to make new pair of shoes, melt the broken glasses and make new glass or window glass, and R5 (Reject), to avoid the use of materials which are difficult to decompose or the use of the materials that can be used only once and then eliminated such as foam, and say no to the products that are difficult to decompose, or avoid the misuse of products. Owing to these technologies, the business of waste management exists, which is commonly known as the business of recycling waste or çwaste bank.é Waste Bank is a form of waste management and the support of waste separation by implementing it with the youth and community as major and using the school as the operational site in order that the youth and community understand the segregation of waste. The youth, thus, originates the positive idea towards waste management and acknowledge values of different things that some materials can be reused many times or convert them into money and help reduce the amount of waste.

(Department of Environmental Quality Promotion) The sparkling idea of waste bank came from an employee of Wongphanit co., ltd., who has seen poor students at Muang Pitsanuloke municipality gathering the recyclable materials and selling them for living and depositing such money at the bank. Therefore, if the waste bank can be set up at school, it will be more convenient for students. The idea was then discussed with Muang Pitsanuloke municipality and approved to pilot the project for the first time in 1999 at Wat Phanpee Municipal School, Muang district, Pitsanuloke province

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The Committee is held responsible for the management, publicity, promotion of activities, accounting, and coordination with the business owners. The meeting of the Committee is held once a month and their performance will be assessed by the responsible advisor.

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to support the students and community to be engaged in the process of separation of waste and selling them.

This supports the real network of recycling business.

The waste bank is different from the common one in that the member doesnût deposit the money at the bank but instead bring the recyclable materials and convert them into deposit money at his/her account. It is also under the management of the community youth except those that are too young. Adults can also register to be a member there.

The young people from each household can apply to be a bank member. When the members sort out the waste of each household, they then collect and deposit them at the bank where they are a member. The bank officer who is also young will take the recyclable wastes and convert them in to money deposited at the account of the member, which can be withdrawn on the operation hour of the bank. Then, the bank will collect these recyclable materials and sell them to those who repurchase the recycled products, converting them into money to be deposits for the bank member and cash flow of the bank operation. The operation of the bank does not require any payment from the member.

Therefore, the sale of recyclable materials of the children generates income for the children in the community and they can save or freely spend them, thus lessening

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§π„π™ÿ¡™π‡¢â“¡“¡’ «à π√à«¡„π°“√§—¥·¬°¢¬–√’‰´‡§‘≈·≈â«π” ‰ª¢“¬ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ°“√ à߇ √‘¡„À⇰‘¥‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬∏ÿ√°‘®°“√´◊ÈÕ-¢“«— ¥ÿ√’‰´‡§‘≈Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß ∏𓧓√¢¬–µà“ß®“°∏𓧓√∑—«Ë ‰ª §◊Õ ¡“™‘°‰¡àµÕâ ßπ” ‡ß‘π¡“∑’Ë∏𓧓√ ·µà‡Õ“«— ¥ÿ√’‰´‡§‘≈∑’Ë®–∑‘È߇¢â“¡“‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ ®”π«π‡ß‘πΩ“°„π∫—≠™’ √«¡∑—Èß¡’°“√∫√‘À“√ß“π‚¥¬‡¬“«™π ¢Õß™ÿ¡™π ¬°‡«âπ‡¥Á°∑’ˬ—߇≈Á°¡“° ‚¥¬ºŸâ„À≠à°Á “¡“√∂≈ß ∑–‡∫’¬π‡¢â“‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°‰¥â‡™àπ°—𠇬“«™π„π·µà ≈ –§√— « ‡√◊ Õ π “¡“√∂ ¡— § √‡ªì π ¡“™‘ ° ∏𓧓√œ ‰¥â ‡¡◊ÕË ¡“™‘°∑”°“√§—¥·¬°¢¬–∑’¬Ë ß— „™â‰¥â¢Õß·µà≈– §√—«‡√◊Õπ·≈â«√«∫√«¡‰ªΩ“°∑’Ë∏𓧓√œ ∑’˵π‡Õ߇ªìπ ¡“™‘° Õ¬Ÿà ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë∏𓧓√œ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‡¬“«™π‡™àπ°—π ®–√—∫¢¬– √’‰´‡§‘≈¡“§‘¥¡Ÿ≈§à“‡ªìπ‡ß‘πΩ“°„ à‰«â„π ¡ÿ¥∫—≠™’¢Õß ¡“™‘° ·µà≈–§π ´÷ßË ¡“™‘° “¡“√∂‡∫‘°∂Õπ‡ß‘π‰¥â„π«—π∑’¥Ë ”‡π‘π°“√ ¢Õß∏𓧓√œ À≈—ß®“°π—πÈ ∏𓧓√œ ®–√«∫√«¡«— ¥ÿ√‰’ ´‡§‘≈∑’Ë ¡“™‘°π”¡“Ω“°‰ª¢“¬„Àâ·°à√“â π√—∫´◊ÕÈ ¢Õ߇°à“‡æ◊ÕË ‡ªìπ‡ß‘πΩ“° ·°à ¡“™‘°·≈–À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π¿“¬„π∏𓧓√œ °“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¢Õß ∏𓧓√œ π—Èπ®–‰¡à¡’°“√‡√’¬°‡°Á∫§à“„™â®à“¬®“° ¡“™‘°·µà Õ¬à“ß„¥ ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√¢“¬‡»…«— ¥ÿ√’‰´‡§‘≈¢Õ߇¥Á°Ê „π™ÿ¡™π “¡“√∂°àÕ„À⇰‘¥√“¬‰¥â‚¥¬ “¡“√∂𔉪‡°Á∫ÕÕ¡ À√◊Õ„™â‰¥â Õ¬à“ßÕ‘ √– ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ°“√™à«¬≈¥¿“√–§à“„™â®“à ¬¢ÕߺŸªâ °§√Õ߉¥â Õ’°∑“ßÀπ÷Ëß πÕ°®“°°“√√—∫´◊ÈÕ¢¬–√’‰´‡§‘≈®“° ¡“™‘°·≈â« ∏𓧓√œ ¬—ß¡’°“√°√–µÿâπ„À⇰‘¥°“√µ◊Ëπµ—«„πÀ¡Ÿà ¡“™‘°‚¥„Àâ¡’°“√·¢àߢ—π°“√∑”¬Õ¥¢“¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ ‘Èπªï ¡“™‘°∑’Ë¡’¬Õ¥¢“‡»…«— ¥ÿ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥®–‰¥â√—∫√“ß«—≈ À√◊Õ‚∫π— 摇»… ∏𓧓√¢¬– ≥ ‚√߇√’¬π‡∑»∫“≈«—¥æ—πªï ®–‡ªî¥∑”°“√

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®÷߇ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π∏𓧓√¢¬–π—Èπ‰¥â°àÕ„À⇰‘¥ √Ÿª·∫∫°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿ·â ºπ„À¡à∑·’Ë ∑â®√‘ß ∑’‡Ë ªî¥‚Õ°“ „À⇥Á°Ê ‰¥â¡’ ‚Õ°“ §‘¥‡Õß ¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ‡®â“¢Õß ·≈–‡√’¬π√Ÿâ„πÀ≈“¬Ê ¥â“𠉪æ√âÕ¡°—𠇥Á°Ê ‰¥â‡√’¬π√Ÿ√â –∫∫°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π∏𓧓√ °“√ ÕÕ¡∑√—æ¬å °“√§—¥·¬°¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ °“√√’‰´‡§‘≈¢¬– ·≈–°“√ ∑”ß“π√à«¡°—π‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡ µ≈Õ¥®π‰¥â‡√’¬π√Ÿâ°“√∑”∏ÿ√°‘®¢π“¥ ¬àÕ¡Ê ‰¥â¥â«¬µπ‡Õß ∏𓧓√¢¬–‡ªìππ‘¡‘µ√À¡“¬Õ—π¥’µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ∑’Ë “¡“√∂¥÷ß™ÿ¡™π‡¢â“¡“¡’∫∑∫“∑„π°“√¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‰¥â‚¥¬§«“¡ ¡—§√„® ∑’Ë°àÕ„À⇰‘¥º≈¥’·°à∑ÿ°Ê ΩÉ“¬ ‰¡à«à“®– ‡ªìπ¿“§√—∞ À√◊Õ™ÿ¡™π ‰¡à‡æ’¬ß‡∑à“π—Èπ∏𓧓√¢¬–¬—߇ªìπµâπ ·∫∫„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑’ Ë “¡“√∂®ÿ¥ª√–°“¬·π«§‘¥„Àâ Àπ૬ߓπµà“ßÊ ‰¥âª√– “𧫓¡√à«¡¡◊Õ°—π∑’®Ë –§‘¥§âπ√Ÿª·∫∫ °“√¥”‡π‘πß“π≈—°…≥–„À¡àÊ „π°“√®—¥°“√ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¥â“π Õ◊ËπÊ Õ¬à“ßπ’ÈÕ’° ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√Õπÿ√—°…å∑√—欓°√ªÉ“‰¡â ·À≈àßπÈ” Õ“°“»·≈–¥‘π

expected to help reduce the volume of waste for 3-5 tons per month.

Waste Bank not only helps lessen the amount of community waste, it also is the center of knowledge for kids and people in the community. An adult in the community who has participated in the waste bank project gave an interview that çThe waste bank enables people in the community to know the value of waste and realize that recyclable waste can be converted in to money, teaching the children to know how to save.é Another adult who helps manage the waste bank revealed that çWe focus on the children to sort out waste at their home and during on their way home but not to poke into the waste bins because the children might get infected and itûs not the principle of waste bank.é We can see that the operation of waste bank gener-

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∏𓧓√¢¬–¬—ß∂◊Õ «à “ ‡ªì π ‡æ’ ¬ ß®ÿ ¥ ‡√‘Ë ¡ µâ π ‡∑à“π—πÈ ·µà°“√∑’®Ë –√—°…“ „Àâ ∏ 𓧓√¢¬–Õ¬Ÿà ‰ ¥â Õ¬à “ ߬—Ë ß ¬◊ π µà Õ ‰ªπ—È π ‡ ªì π ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ¬ “ ° ° «à “ ∏𓧓√¢¬–®–Õ¬Ÿà ‰ ¥â ‡¡◊Ë Õ ¡“™‘ ° ¡’ º ≈°”‰√ §≥–°√√¡°“√¡’ · √ß ®Ÿ ß„®„π°“√∑”ß“π ∑’Ë ” §— ≠ µâ Õ ß ¡’ § « “ ¡ “¡—§§’·≈–´◊ËÕ —µ¬å ´÷Ëß ‘Ë ß ‡À≈à “ π’È ® –µâ Õ ß‰¥â √— ∫ °“√ª≈Ÿ°Ωíß®‘µ ”π÷°‰ª æ√âÕ¡Ê °—π µ≈Õ¥√–¬– ‡«≈“°“√∑”Àπâ“∑’æ Ë ‡’Ë ≈’¬È ß ¢Õß¿“§√—∞À√◊Õ NGOs ‰¡à «à “ ®–‡ªì π ‡®â “ Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ §√Ÿ À√◊ÕºŸâ„À≠à∑’Ë¡’ à«π√à«¡∑ÿ°§π ‡√“®÷ß®–‰¥â‡ÀÁπ ∏𓧓√¢¬–‡ªìπÕߧå°√∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡·¢Áß·≈–Õ¬Ÿà§Ÿà —ߧ¡ ‰∑¬µ≈Õ¥‰ª ‡æ◊Ëՙ૬≈¥ªí≠À“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈– √â“ß ®‘µ ”π÷°°“√Õ¥ÕÕ¡„π™ÿ¡™π µ≈Õ¥®π°√–µÿâπ„À⇰‘¥°“√ „™â∑√—欓°√Õ¬à“ߧÿâ¡§à“°àÕπ®–∑‘Èß

ates new form of learning, new and a true method, that opens up the opportunity to the children to think by themselves, possess the sense of ownership, and at the same time learn in many varies areas. The children know the operational system of the bank, savings, separation of waste, recycling waste, and working as a team including how to run small business by their own.

Waste bank is then a good sign to the environment in terms that it can attract the community to voluntarily play a role in conserving the environment. It is beneficial to every part, whether be government or private sector or community. The waste bank is also the model for other agencies to cooperate in implementing innovative application regarding the environmental management in other areas such as forest conservation, water resources, air, and soil.

The waste bank is just the beginning but the harder part is how to maintain it to sustain in the longer term.

The bank is able to survive when the member makes profit and the committee is motivated to perform. The important aspect is that they must possess harmony and honesty, which must be instilled throughout the operational period mentors from the government and NGOs, no matter who they are; be local officer, teachers, or adults who participate. We will then see the waste bank as a strong organization to further exist in the Thai society to help reduce the environmental problem and build savings consciousness in the community at the same time, as well as stimulate the effective use of the resources before disposal.

‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬«

Õ∫∂“¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡‡°’ˬ«°—∫∏𓧓√¢¬–‰¥â∑’Ë ‚§√ß°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ”À√—∫™ÿ¡™π‡¡◊Õß ®—ßÀ«—¥ æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° ‡∑»∫“≈π§√æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° ‚∑√. 0 5523 2301 À√◊Õ www.wongpanit.com For more information about the waste bank, please contact The Project of Waste Management for Community, Pitsanuloke Province, Muang Pitsanuloke Municipality Tel. 0 5523 2301 or www.wongpanit.com

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„∫ÕàÕπ Young

‚¥¬ : ∑√ß™—¬ ¥≈ª√– ‘∑∏‘Ï Leaf by : Songchai Dolprasith

®“°‚√߇√’¬π«—¥°≈“ߧ≈Õß “¡ Little Sa-Leng From Wat Klang Klong Sam School ¢¬–‡ªìπ ‘Ëߪؑ°Ÿ≈∑’ˉ¡àπà“æ‘ ¡—¬·≈–‰¡à‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πå°—∫§π à«π„À≠à ·µà¡’‡¥Á°Õ¬Ÿà§πÀπ÷Ëß ∑’Ë¢¬–¡’ª√–‚¬™πå°—∫‡¢“ ‡æ√“–‡ªìπ·À≈àß∑’Ë¡“¢Õß√“¬‰¥â∑’Ë®–π”¡“„™â„π°“√»÷°…“‡≈à“‡√’¬π §à“ Àπ—ß ◊Õ §à“‡ ◊Èպⓠ·≈–§à“¢Õß„™â„π™’«‘µª√–®”«—π ·≈–®“°®ÿ¥‡≈Á°Ê ®ÿ¥π’È∑’ˇ°‘¥ª√–°“¬∑”„Àâ ‚√߇√’¬π«—¥°≈“ߧ≈Õß “¡ π”¡“¢¬“¬º≈µàÕ‡ªìπ‚§√ß°“√∑’Ë„Àâπ—°‡√’¬π∑’ˬ“°®π√à«¡°—π‡°Á∫¢¬– ·≈â«π”¡“¢“¬‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ∑ÿπ°“√»÷°…“ ´÷ËßÕ“®“√¬å®”≈Õß º≈ª√–‡ √‘∞ ºŸâ¥Ÿ·≈‚§√ß°“√π’ȉ¥â‡≈à“„Àâ ç‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬«é øíß∂÷ß∑’Ë¡“¢Õß‚§√ß°“√¥—ß°≈à“« Garbage is unpleasant waste and useless for most people, but this isnût true to a child, who values waste because it is a source of income source for tuition fee, book expenses, clothing and daily living expenses. From this small point, it triggers Wat Klang Klong Sam School to expand the idea to become a project for poor students to jointly collect waste and sell them as a savings for scholarship. Ajarn Chamlong Pholprasert, an advisor to this project, told the origin of this project to Green Line.

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How was this project originated?

It started from a student who was then at Matthayom 3.

Everyday after the school hours and during the weekend, he would walk around the school and other places, collecting waste and gathering them at school. At first the school just knew that he collected waste at school which was a good action. Once there were much enough and the waste pick-up truck stopped by, he would then sell them. Later he persuaded his 5-6 best friends to do so. Now all of them graduated. They were doing this for one semester and graduated in 2004.

After that the school adopted the idea and further implemented it as a project.

How many students are currently joining this project?

‚§√ß°“√π’È ¡’ ∑’Ë ¡ “∑’Ë ‰ ªÕ¬à “ ߉√ ‡√‘¡Ë ¡“®“°¡’‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π§πÀπ÷ßË µÕππ—πÈ Õ¬Ÿà ¡.3 À≈—ß®“°‡≈‘°‡√’¬π ∑ÿ°«—π·≈–„π«—πÀ¬ÿ¥‡ “√å-Õ“∑‘µ¬å ‡¢“®–‡¥‘π‡°Á∫¢¬–„π‚√߇√’¬π ·≈–∑’ËÕ◊ËπÊ π”¡“√«¡°—π‰«â∑’Ë‚√߇√’¬π µÕπ·√°∑“ß‚√߇√’¬π‰¡à√Ÿâ √Ÿâ·µà«à“‡¢“‡°Á∫¢¬–°Á‡ÀÁπ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë¥’ æÕ‡°Á∫‰¥â¡“°Ê √∂¢¬– ·«–¡“‡¢“®÷ßπ”ÕÕ°¡“¢“¬ ®“°π—Èπ‡¢“®÷ß™«π‡æ◊ËÕπ π‘∑¡“ ™à«¬°—πÕ’° 5-6 §π ªí®®ÿ∫—πæ«°π’È®∫°—π‰ªÀ¡¥·≈â« ∑”°—πÕ¬Ÿà ª√–¡“≥ 1 ‡∑Õ¡ ®∫ÕÕ°‰ª‡¡◊ËÕªï 2547 π’ˇÕß À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ∑“ß ‚√߇√’¬π®÷ßπ”¡“∑”‡ªìπ‚§√ß°“√µàÕ

‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬«

ªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’π—°‡√’¬π°’˧π∑’Ë√à«¡∑”°‘®°√√¡π’È ∑’Ë∑”®√‘ß®—ßµÕππ’È¡’Õ¬Ÿà√“« 5-6 §π ¡“®“°§√Õ∫§√—«∑’ˬ“°®π ∑—Èßπ—Èπ ∫“ß§π¬“°®π‰¡àæÕ§√Õ∫§√—«·µ°·¬°Õ’° ∂Ÿ°æàÕ·¡à∑‘Èß ∫â“ß ∫“ߧπÕ¬Ÿ°à ∫— æ√– æ√–°Á∑ß‘È Õ’° ∑ÿ°§π‡ªìπ‡¥Á°πà“ ß “√ ·µà ¢¬—π∑”ß“π°—π¡“°

5-6 students are seriously in the project. All of them are from the poor family. Some not only come from poor family but are also broken home. Their parents left them. Some lived with the monks but monks also left them alone. All of them are pathetic but very hard working.

How do they work?

These kids will collect wastes following their own thought.

No one has never told them how. For the selling part, they too negotiate the price themselves. They start picking up waste after school hours and collect at some other places, only at school. Wherever they find trash, they pick it up and then gather them at school.

They will later sell them, earning some money for their living expenses, food, books, or even the boy scoutûs uniform, which they bought with the money earned form selling trash.

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«‘ ∏’ ° “√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇¥Á ° Ê ‡¥Á°‡À≈à“π’È®–‡°Á∫¢¬–¥â«¬§«“¡§‘¥¢Õ߇¢“‡Õß ‰¡à‰¥â¡’„§√∫Õ° ¡“°àÕπ à«π°“√¢“¬¢¬–°Á‡™àπ°—π ‡¢“µ°≈ß√“§“°—π‡Õß∑—ßÈ π—πÈ ‡¢“ ®–‡√‘¡Ë ‡°Á∫¢¬–„π‡«≈“À≈—߇≈‘°‡√’¬π·≈â« ·≈–‰¡à‡©æ“–∑’‚Ë √߇√’¬π ‡∑à“π—Èπ ª√–‡¿∑«à“‡®Õ∑’ˉÀπ‡°Á∫¡—π∑’Ëπ—Ëπ ·≈â«π”¡“√«∫√«¡‰«â∑’Ë ‚√߇√’¬π ®“°π—πÈ ®÷ߢ“¬ ¢“¬‰¥â°πÁ ”‡ß‘π¡“‡ªìπ§à“„™â®“à ¬„π‚√߇√’¬π §à“Õ“À“√ §à“Àπ—ß ◊Õ ·¡â·µà™ÿ¥≈Ÿ°‡ ◊Õ‡¢“°Á´◊ÈÕ‡Õß®“°°“√¢“¢¬–¢Õßæ«°‡¢“

√“¬‰¥â ª √–¡“≥§√—È ß ≈–‡∑à “ ‰√ Õ¬Ÿà√“«Ê 200 ∫“∑µàÕ§√—Èß ªí®®ÿ∫—π∑“ß‚√߇√’¬π„Àâ∑”°—π∑—Èß™—Èπ ‡√’¬π ¢“¬¢¬–‰¥â°Áπ”¡“Ω“°„ππ“¡™—Èπ‡√’¬ππ—ÈπÊ ‡™àπ ª.4 °Á Ω“°„ππ“¡ ª.4 °≈“¬‡ªìπ«à“¡’√“¬‰¥âª√–®”ÀâÕß ∂◊Õ‡ªìπ°‘®°√√¡ 摇»…¥â«¬

°“√™à « ¬‡À≈◊ Õ ®“°∑“ß‚√߇√’ ¬ π ‚√߇√’¬π™à«¬„π‡√◊ÕË ß¢Õß°“√À“∑’‡Ë °Á∫¢¬–™—«Ë §√“«„Àâ ·≈–‡µ√’¬¡ ®– √â“ß‚√߇°Á∫¢¬–∂“«√ ·≈–®–§Õ¬∫Õ°‡«≈“∑’Ë‚√߇√’¬π¡’°“√ ®—¥ß“𠇙àπ ß“π‡≈’¬È ß‚µä–®’π„π‚√߇√’¬π °Á®–∫Õ°„Àâ§Õ¬‡°Á∫¢¬– ´÷Ë ß ∂◊ Õ «à “ ‡ªì π °“√∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥‰ª„πµ— « ‚¥¬ª°µ‘ · ≈â « ∑“ß ‚√߇√’¬π¡—°®–¡’°“√®—¥ß“πÕ¬Ÿ∫à Õà ¬Ê ‡™àπ ß“π¢Õß Õ∫µ. ´÷ßË ‡«≈“ ®—¥∑’°Á®–¡’¢¬–‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“°

º≈°“√‡√’¬π¢Õ߇¥Á°Õ¬Ÿà „π‡°≥±å¥’À√◊Õ‰¡à (Õ.®”≈Õß à“¬Àπâ“) ‡√’¬°«à“Õ¬Ÿ„à π‡°≥±å∑‰’Ë ¡à§Õà ¬®–¥’ §◊Õ ‡√’¬π ‰¡à‡°àß Õ“®®–‡ªìπ‡æ√“–ªí®®—¬·«¥≈âÕ¡∑“ߥâ“π‡»√…∞°‘®¢Õß §√Õ∫§√—«‰¡à¥’ ‰¡à¡’æàÕ·¡à§Õ¬™à«¬ —Ëß Õπ Õ∫√¡‡≈’ȬߥŸ º≈‡≈‡ªìπÕ¬à“ßπ’È ·µà∑ÿ°§π‡ªìπ‡¥Á°∑’Ë¡’π‘ —¬¥’ πà“ ß “√‡≈¬∑’‡¥’¬« æ«°‡¢“欓¬“¡ Ÿâ‡æ◊ËÕ‡√’¬π¥â«¬µπ‡ÕßÕ¬à“ßπà“¬°¬àÕß¡“°°«à“

Õ“™’ æ ‡ √‘ ¡ Õ¬à “ ßÕ◊Ë π ∑’Ë ‚ √߇√’ ¬ π·π–π” πÕ°®“°°“√‡°Á∫¢¬–·≈â« ∑“ß‚√߇√’¬π°Á‰¥â·π–π”„Àâ∑”Õ¬à“ßÕ◊πË ∫â“߇À¡◊Õπ°—𠇙à𠇫≈“∑’Ë¡’ß“π®—¥‡≈’Ȭߵà“ßÊ °Á®–·π–π”„Àâ ‰ª™à«¬‡ ‘√åø¢â“« ª≈“ Õ“À“√ πÈ” ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ ‚¥¬‚√߇√’¬π®– ®—¥°≈ÿࡉª°≈ÿà¡≈– 9-10 §π ‰ª™à«¬ß“𠇥Á°®–¡’√“¬‰¥âµ√ßπ’È ¥â«¬ À≈—ß®“°ß“π‡≈‘°°Á®–‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߢÕß°“√‡°Á∫¢¬–µàÕ‰ª

Around 200 baht each. The school nowadays let the whole class does this. When they can sell waste, they will deposit the money under their own name, such as, Prathom 4 will deposit under their name. It turns out to be income for the class and a special activity as well.

Is there any support from school?

The school helps provide temporary storage of waste and are preparing for the construction of the permanent one. And when the school holds any events, such as Chinese dishes, we will inform the kids to collect waste, which is considered a cleaning process at the same time. Generally, the school holds a lot of events such as the event of the local administration, which produces a lot of waste.

Are their grades at the satisfactory level?

(Ajarn Chamlong shaking his head) said they are not at the satisfactory level, considered not good. It might be because of other economic factor of the family. No parents are teaching them or have brought them up.

So, this is the outcome. But they all are good students, very pathetic. They are fighting and trying hard to learn by themselves. They should be honored instead.

Are there any supplementary occupations that the school advise?

Apart from waste collection, the school advises other activities as well, for example, when the school has a party, weûll advise them to serve food, water and drinks.

The school will organize a group of 9-10 students to help around at the party. The children make money from this, too. After the party, they will then handle with the waste.

Despite considered worthless, wastes are beneficial to these kids. They can take advantages of them for their own sake, for their family, school, and community.

It is something that the children can take pride. And Wat Klang Klong Sam School is proud of having students who are creative, hard working, and have the awareness in doing good deeds.

GREEN LINE

¢¬–·¡â®–‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß ‘ßË ∑’‰Ë √â§“à ·µà°¬Á ß— ¡’ª√–‚¬™πå°∫— ‡¥Á°‡À≈à“π’È „π°“√∑’®Ë –π”¡“„™â„À⇰‘¥ª√–‚¬™πåµÕà µπ‡Õß §√Õ∫§√—« ‚√߇√’¬π ·≈–™ÿ¡™π π—∫‡ªì𧫓¡¿“§¿Ÿ¡‘„®¢Õ߇¥Á°Ê ·≈–‚√߇√’¬π «—¥°≈“ߧ≈Õß “¡∑’Ë¡’≈Ÿ°»‘…¬å∑’Ë¡’§«“¡§‘¥√‘‡√‘Ë¡ √â“ß √√§å ¢¬—π ¢—π·¢Áß ·≈–¡’§«“¡ ”π÷°„π°“√∑’Ë®–∑” ‘Ëߥ’Ê

How much do they earn each time?

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°√’π‡«Á∫ Green

‚¥¬ : Mr.web Web by : Mr.web

Website

‡ â π ∑“ß ’ ‡ ¢’ ¬ «©∫— ∫ π’È æ “∑à “ π∑à Õ ß‰ª „π‚≈° Õ‘ π ‡∑Õ√å ‡ πÁ µ ‚¥¬π”‡∑’Ë ¬ «‡«Á ∫ ‰´µå ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ ‘Ë ß · « ¥ ≈â Õ ¡ ´÷Ë ß ∑à “ π ∑’Ë µâ Õ ß ° “ √ ∑ √ “ ∫ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡‡æ‘Ë ¡ ‡µ‘ ¡ °Á ≈ Õß·«–‡«’ ¬ π‡¢â “ ‰ª∑— ° ∑“¬„𠇫Á∫‰´µåµà“ßÊ ∑’Ë𔇠πÕ¡“„π§√—Èßπ’È ‰¥â‡≈This issue of Green Line magazine will take you to cruise along the Internet world, visiting a bunch of environmental websites. Those who want to get information about the environment can browse around these websites.

1. www.environnet.in.th

‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬«

„À⧫“¡√Ÿ‡â √◊ÕË ß ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¢à“« “√ °‘®°√√¡ ‡°√Á¥§«“¡√Ÿâ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ëπà“ π„® ‡√◊ËÕ߇¥àπª√–®” —ª¥“Àå ¢à“«·≈–‡Àµÿ°“√≥å ªí®®ÿ∫π— ‡°¡ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¥”‡π‘πß“π·≈–®—¥∑”¿“¬„µâ°“√¥Ÿ·≈‚¥¬°√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ It provides knowledge of environment, informative news, activities, and interesting environmental tips, talk of the week, news and current situation, environmental games. It is operated and launched by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.

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2. www.pcd.go.th ‡«Á∫‰´µå°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘… °√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¡’¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢ÕßÀπ૬ߓπ∑’Ë —ß°—¥„π‡√◊ËÕßµà“ßÊ ∑—Èß ¢à“« “√ °‘®°√√¡ §«“¡√Ÿâ∑“ß«‘™“°“√¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ It is the website of the Pollution Control Department, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. The information of any divisions under this department is available, including informative news, activities, and environmental knowledge.

3. www.raktawan.com ·π–π”º≈‘µ¿—≥±å™’«¿“æ‡æ◊ËÕ‡°…µ√°√‰∑¬ ∫Õ°√“§“æ◊™º≈°“√‡°…µ√ ·≈–√«¡∫∑§«“¡πà“√Ÿâ¡“°¡“It introduces bio-products for the Thai farmers, information of agricultural prices and the collection of many knowledgeable articles.

4. www.agrothailand.com ‡ πÕ¢à“« “√°“√‡°…µ√ ∫∑§«“¡ “√–πà“√Ÿâ‡√◊ËÕ߇°…µ√ ªÿܬ ‡§¡’¿—≥±å °“√ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™ °“√‡≈’È¬ß —µ«å It presents agricultural news, interesting information about agriculture, fertilizer, chemical products, cultivation and animal husbandry.

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5. www.environmentthailand.info ‡ªìπ·À≈àߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈¥â“π°“√√—°…“Õπÿ√—°…å ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¡’¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√∑’Ëπà“ π„®‡°’ˬ«°—∫‡Àµÿ°“√≥å §«“¡‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ „π‡√◊ËÕß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑—ÈߢÕߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–√Õ∫‚≈° √«¡∑—Èß LinkWebsite Àπ૬ߓπ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕߥâ“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ It is a source of environmental conservation. Interesting information of the movement in Thailand and around the world, including the website Links to other related environmental organization are available.

6. www.eppo.go.th

‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬«

‡«Á∫‰´µå°√–∑√«ßæ≈—ßß“π „Àâ¢Õâ ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√¥â“πæ≈—ßß“π °“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¿“¬„π √«¡∑—ßÈ °‘®°√√¡„π°“√√≥√ߧ尓√ª√–À¬—¥ æ≈—ßß“π¢Õß√—∞∫“≈ This website belongs to the Ministry of Energy, providing information about energy, internal operation, including government campaign activities on energy savings.

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7. www.stapana.net ‡«Á∫‰´µå»πŸ ¬å√‰’ ´‡§‘≈æ√– ∂“ªπ“ °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ „Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√¥â“π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ °“√æ—≤π“√—°…“ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ °“√®—¥°‘®°√√¡‡º¬·æ√à√«à ¡°—∫Àπ૬ߓπ µà“ßÊ „π°“√®—¥°“√ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡ Bangkok Phra Stapana recycle center website offers information on educational news, the environmental development conservation, the organization of events in conjunction with other agencies in terms of environmental management for the society.

8. http://biodiversity.biotec.or.th „Àâ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ ‡§√◊ Õ ¢à “ ¬»Ÿ π ¬å ‡ °Á ∫ √— ° …“ ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ß“π§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬∑“ß ™’«¿“æ ‚§√ß°“√æ◊™Õ“À“√ ¢à“« “√ π‡∑» Õÿ∑¬“π ·Ààß™“µ‘ —µ«åª“É ß«π √“¬™◊ÕË ª√–‡∑»¿“§’Õπÿ ≠ — ≠“ §«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ This website provides information about Network of Microbes Preservation Center of Thailand, bio-safety, food-vegetation project, news, informative news, national parks, reserved animals, and a list of parties under the Convention on Biological Diversity.

‰ß§√— ∫ ©∫— ∫ π’È π”‡ πÕ 8 ‡«Á ∫ ‰´µå ∑’Ë πà “ π„® À“°∑à “ π‰¥â ≈ Õß·«–‡«’ ¬ π‡¢â “ ‰ª √— ∫ √Õ߉¥â √— ∫ “√–∑’Ë πà “ π„® À≈“¬‡√◊ËÕ߇≈¬∑’‡¥’¬« ·≈â«æ∫°—π©∫—∫Àπⓧ√—∫

GREEN LINE

See? This issue presents 8 interesting websites. If you just browse along, I can guarantee that you will be getting loads of information. See you next issue.

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“√–πà“√Ÿâ

‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß‚¥¬ : √√æ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‘ßÀåªï ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“° : º».™≈“»—¬ Àà«ßª√–‡ √‘∞

À—«Àπâ“¿“§«‘™“«‘∑¬“»“ µ√åÕπ“¡—¬ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ §≥– “∏“√≥ ÿ¢»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈

Green Tips Compiled by : Sapphasith Singhpee Information from Asst. Prof. Chalasai Huangprasert Head of Environmental Health Science Department, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University

‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬«

¢¬–∑’‡Ë °‘¥¢÷πÈ π—∫«—π®–¡’ª√‘¡“≥¡“°¢÷πÈ À“°‰¡à “¡“√∂°”®—¥‰¥âÀ¡¥ °Á®–‡ªìπ¢¬–µ°§â“ß àß°≈‘Ëπ‡À¡Áπ√∫°«π·≈–‡ªìπ·À≈à߇擖æ—π∏ÿ凙◊ÈÕ‚√§ ¢¬–∑’˵°§â“ß·≈–∂Ÿ°∑‘È߉«âπ—Èπ∫“ß à«π®– ¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬µ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ ∫“ß à«π°Á®–∂Ÿ°™–≈â“߉À≈´÷¡≈ß Ÿà „µâ¥‘π·≈–·À≈àßπÈ”µà“ßÊ ´÷Ëß Õ“®®–ªπ‡ªóÕô π “√‡§¡’À√◊Õ¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬ ·≈–¬—ß∑”„À⇰‘¥¡≈æ‘…∑“ß ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡Õ◊πË §◊Õ ·°ä Õ—π‰¡àæ÷ߪ√– ߧå ∑—»π’¬¿“æ‡ ’¬‰ª œ≈œ ∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√√âÕ߇√’¬π‡°’ˬ«°—∫¢¬–¡’·π«‚πâ¡ ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ®“°√âÕ¬≈– 1.4 ¢Õß°“√√âÕ߇√’¬π∑ÿ°ª√–‡¿∑„πªï æ.». 2543 ‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 2.3 „π ªï æ.». 2546 There has been a rise in the amount of waste being generated daily. If all wastes are not disposed of, they will be left out, releasing bad disturbing odor, and becoming the breeding ground of diseases. Some of the wastes that are left behind and dumped will be naturally decomposed while some will be leached into underground and waster source, where it might be contaminated by chemical substances or toxic wastes, and produces other environmental pollution such as unpleasant gases, images, etc. A lot of complaints concerning this issue have been on the rise, up from 1.4% of all the complaints in 2000 to 2.3% in 2003.

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¡’º≈¡“°πâÕ¬·§à‰À𠇙àπ °“√¥◊Ë¡πÈ”¢Õߧπ‡√“¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ ‰À¡ ¥â“πÕ“À“√¥â«¬®–√Ÿâ‰¥â«à“¡—π¡’ à«π‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß ‡™àπ ∑âÕß√à«ß ®√‘ßÊ ·≈⫧π‡√“‡«≈“∑âÕß√à«ß ®–Õâ“ß«à“¡“®“°°“√§ÿ¬â ¢¬– À√◊Õ ‡°Á∫¢¬–¬—߉¡à‰¥â µâÕß¡’°“√»÷°…“®“°µ—«Õ◊πË ªí®®—¬Õ◊πË Ê ¥â«¬ ‡™àπ °“√¡’∫“¥·º≈∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°¢Õß¡’§¡ ‡«≈“∑’Ë¢ÿ¥§ÿ⬢¬–¥â«¬«à“¡’‚√§ µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ´÷ËßµâÕ߇®“–‡≈◊Õ¥‰ª¥Ÿ‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— ¥â«¬Õ’°∑“ßÀπ÷Ëß ·µà ‘Ëß·√°∑’ˇ°‘¥·πàπÕπ°—∫ªí≠À“¢¬–∫â“π‡√“ §◊Õ ¿“æ∑’Ë ‰¡àπ“à ¡Õß °≈‘πË ‡À¡Áπ ·≈–Õ“®°àÕ‚√§¿—¬‰¥â ´÷ßË «—π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡‚≈° ªï 2548 π’ȇπâπ‡√◊ËÕß ç‡¡◊Õß ’‡¢’¬«é ∑—Ë«‚≈°‡¢“‡πâπµâÕß –Õ“¥ ∑ÿ°¥â“π„Àâπà“Õ¬Ÿàπà“¡Õß ªí≠À“π’È®–‰«µàÕπ—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ‰«µàÕ §«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°¢Õߧπ„π™ÿ¡™π¡“° √«¡‰ª∂÷ß™“«µà“ߪ√–‡∑»¥â«§«“¡ °ª√°®÷߇ªìπªí≠À“·√°µâÕ߇√àßæ‘®“√≥“ ·≈–Õ’°ªí≠À“ §◊Õ ÀπŸ°—∫·¡≈ß ´÷Ë߇ªìπæ“À–π”‚√§ ∂â“ —߇°µ„À⥒À“°æ∫ÀπŸ À√◊Õ·¡≈ß∑’‰Ë Àπ · ¥ß«à“∑’πË π—Ë ¡’¢¬–∑’‡Ë °Á∫‰¡à¥‰’ ¡à∂°Ÿ «‘∏’ Õ¬à“ßπâÕ°Á‰¡à¡’°“√ªî¥Ω“∂—ߢ¬– ∑”„À⢬–‡πà“¡’°≈‘Ëπ‡À¡Áπ æÕ‰¥â°≈‘Ëπ æ«°π’È°Á®–¡“‡æ“–æ—π∏åÿ ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ∂â“®–¥Ÿ∂÷ߧ«“¡‡ ’ˬߢÕß ‚√§∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°ÀπŸÀ√◊Õ·¡≈ß °Á§ß¡’Õ¬ŸàÀ≈“¬‚√§ ‡™àπ ‚√§∑âÕß √à«ß ‚√§∫‘¥ ÕÀ‘«“µ°‚√§ °Á∂◊Õ«à“‡ªì𧫓¡‡ ’ˬߢÕß‚√§∑’ˇ°‘¥ ®“°¢¬–‰¥â „π¥â“πªí≠À“∑’µË “¡¡“°Á§ß‡ªìπªí≠À“µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ·≈–§«“¡ ª≈Õ¥¿—¬¢Õߧπ ´÷ËßÀπŸÀ√◊Õ·¡≈ßπ”¡“®“°¢¬– ‡¡◊ËÕª≈‘«¡“ Ÿà Õ“À“√∑’‡Ë √“‡°Á∫‰«â·≈–¬—߉¡à‰¥â∑“π„πµÕππ—πÈ °Á®–∫Ÿ¥‡ ’¬ ‡√’¬°«à“ ‡°‘¥Õ“À“√‡ªìπæ‘…‰¥â ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ‚√§Õ“À“√‡ªìπæ‘…‡°‘¥®“° ¢¬–°Á‰¥â‡™àπ°—π ®–¡“°πâÕ¬·§à‰Àππ—Èπ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫ ∂“π°“√≥å ·µà≈–·Ààß πÕ°®“°π’È ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ª πÕ¬Ÿà „ π¢¬–¡’ “√æ‘ … ®“°‚√ßß“π Õÿµ “À°√√¡ À√◊Õ “√‡§¡’„π∫â“π∑’„Ë ™â·≈â«π”¡“∑‘ßÈ °Á‡°‘¥‚¥¬µ√ß ®“° “√‡§¡’ ´÷Ë߇ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ß‚√§∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ‚¥¬∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â√—∫ª√–∑“π ‡¢â“‰ª‡™àπ°—π °“√ —¡º— ‚¥¬µ√ß ¢Õߧπ‡°Á∫¢¬–À√◊Õ¢π¢¬–Õ“®®–‰ª ‚¥π‡»…¢¬–´÷Ë ß ¡’ § «“¡‡ ’Ë ¬ ß Ÿ ß ¡“°∑’Ë ® –‡°‘ ¥ ∫“¥·º≈®“° Õÿ∫—µ‘‡Àµÿ°“√¢π¢¬–‡™àπ°—π ∂â“¡’‡™◊ÈÕ‚√§Õ–‰√°Á®–µ‘¥‰¥â∑—π∑’

In terms of medical aspect, the physical examination, blood check, and overall health examination must be done. The results of these will be studied in a long term in order to determine how their health has been affected and then evaluate the correlation between health and wasteassociated diseases.

Environment A study of dust is a must in terms of how much impact it causes, for example, is our drinking water contaminated with any substances? The study of food also can indicate how much wastes are involved with the cause of diseases such as diarrhea. Actually, when we have diarrhea, we canût blame on waste picking or collecting. Other factor of diseases should be further studied. For example, a person who has an open cut from a sharp weapon during his/her waste picking must be checked to see if he/she becomes infected. A blood collection to check for virus needs to be performed as well.

The very first problem of waste definitely is an unpleasant image, bad odor, and diseases it might cause. The Environmental Day of year 2005 puts emphasis on the topic çGreen City.é We are focusing on cleanliness and pleasant image all over the world. This issue is susceptible to tourists, the feeling of people in the community, including foreigners. Dirty is, therefore, the priority on the list to be dealt with. Another problem is rats and flies, which are disease carrier. As seen, wherever rats or insects are found, it means unattended wastes are around. At least, such wastes are not covered with lid, causing bad odor. Once these creatures smell them, they come to breed here. Consequently, if we consider the risks of diseases associated with rats and flies, a number of waste-related diseases can be named, such as, diarrhea, dysentery, and cholera.

Consequential problems are the issues of health and safety of people. Rats or flies bring diseases from the waste to the food we kept but not yet eaten, which in turn wil become toxic. As a result, food poisoning might be caused by waste. How severe the food poisoning is depends on each situation.

In addition, contaminants in wastes contain toxic

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‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡°‘¥∫“¥·º≈°Áµ‘¥µàÕ∑“߇≈◊Õ¥‰¥â‚¥¬µ√ß ‡™àπ ‚√§ ‰«√— µ— ∫ Õ— ° ‡ ∫‡ÕÀ√◊ Õ ∫’ à « πª√–‡¿∑¢¬–µ‘ ¥ ‡™◊È Õ ®“° ∂“π 欓∫“≈µà“ßÊ ºŸâ —¡º— °—∫¢¬–ª√–‡¿∑π’È®–¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߄π°“√ µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ Ÿß ∂â“°“√®—¥‡°Á∫‰¡à∂°Ÿ µâÕßµ“¡À≈—° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈ ·µà‰¡àµÕâ ß °—ß«≈¡“°π—°‡æ√“–‡™◊ÕÈ ‰«√— à«π„À≠൓¬ßà“¬ ‰«√— ®–‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ ‰¥â„π‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¢Õß ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘µ πÕ°®“°π’È¢¬–¬—ß°àÕ„À⇰‘¥¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“» Õ— π ‡π◊Ë Õ ß ¡“®“°°“√‡º“¢¬– ´÷ßË ‡ªìπªí≠À“√–¥—∫∑âÕß∂‘πË ®π∂÷ß√–¥—∫‚≈°‡≈∑’‡¥’¬« ∑”„ÀâÀ“¬„®‰¡à –¥«° ‡°‘¥‚√§‡°’ˬ«°—∫√–∫∫∑“߇¥‘π À“¬„®‰¥â‡™àπ°—π ¬°µ—«Õ¬à“߇™àπ °“√‡º“¢¬–„π‡¡◊Õß„À≠àÊ °Á ®–‡ªìπ¡≈æ‘…„πÕ“°“» ·°ä æ‘…µà“ßÊ ·°ä ‡√◊Õπ°√–®°∑”„Àâ ‚≈°√âÕπ ¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ‚≈°‡√“‚¥¬µ√ß °“√®—¥‡°Á∫¢¬–„Àâ∂°Ÿ «‘∏’

§◊Õ °“√Ωíß°≈∫ ‰¡à„™à‡ªìπ°“√‡º“¥—ß∑’ËÀ≈“¬§π‡¢â“„® ∂â“∑”∂Ÿ° À≈—° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈·≈â«®–‡ªìπ°“√ªÑÕß°—πÀπŸ·≈–·¡≈߉¥â¥’‰¡à„Àâ ‡°‘¥°“√‡æ“–æ—π∏åÿ ®“°ªí≠À“µà“ßÊ ‡À≈à“π’È ∂â“¡’°“√‡°Á∫¢¬–Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°«‘∏’ °Á®– ‡ªìπ°“√ªÑÕß°—π‰¡à„À⇰‘¥¿“«–µà“ßÊ µ“¡¡“‰¥â Õ’°∑—Èߪí≠À“π’È §«√®–µâÕß√à«¡¡◊Õ√à«¡„®°—π „ à„®µàÕ‡√◊ÕË ß¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬„Àâ¡“°¢÷πÈ ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπµ—Èß·µà√–¥—∫√“°À≠â“∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ°Á¥’ √–¥—∫‡∑»∫“≈°Á¥’ À√◊ Õ ·¡â · µà √ –¥— ∫ ª√–‡∑»°Á µ “¡ ∂â “ ¡’ 𠂬∫“¬‡πâ π °— π µ—È ß ·µà ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’„Ë π ∂“∫—πµà“ßÊ ‡™àπ ‚√߇√’¬π ‚√ß欓∫“≈ «—¥«“Õ“√“¡ À—π¡“™à«¬°—π„π‡√◊ÕË ßπ’ÕÈ ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß °Á®–∫√√‡∑“‡∫“∫“ß°—∫ªí≠À“ π’‰È ¥â∫“â ߉¡à¡“°°ÁπÕâ µ√“∫„¥∑’Ë ∂“∫—πµà“ßÊ ¬—ߢ“¥§«“¡æ√âÕ¡∑’Ë®–‡°Á∫¢¬– °“√®—¥°“√¢¬–„πÕ𓧵®÷ßµâÕ߇πâπ∑”Õ¬à“߉√∂÷ß®–∑”„À⢬– ∑’Ë¡’Õ¬ŸàπâÕ¬≈ß...∑—Èßπ’ȇæ◊ËÕ≈¥§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߄π¥â“πµà“ßÊ ∑’Ë®–µ“¡¡“ π—Ëπ‡Õß

from the industrial plants or household chemicals that are used and then dumped. They are some example of diseases that are present without the intake of food.

Waste pickers or collectors, who have direct exposure with waste residues, have high risk of getting themselves injured from the collection of waste. If any germs are present, they can get infected immediately, as an open cut can contract diseases through blood, such as hepatitis A or B. For infectious wastes from public health centers, those who are exposed to such wastes contain high risk of infection, if unhygienic waste management is carried out. However, there shouldnût be so much concern, because most viruses are easy to die.

Virus will grow in the tissue of living creatures.

Waste, additionally, causes air pollution due to waste burning, which is a problem at home as well of the world. It too has the impacts on breathing, and causes respiratory diseases. For example, waste burning in a big city causes air pollution, toxic gases, greenhouse gases, which have direct impacts on the world. The correct method of waste collection is landfill, not the burning method as many people understand. If waste is handled sanitary, it will prevent rats and flies from forming the breeding sites.

From these problems, if waste is treated hygienically, it is a preventive action for consequential results. These problems require cooperation among people to pay more attention to the waste management, from the grass roots to the municipal level or even at the country level. If policies are imposed on officials at schools, hospitals, temples, and we become seriously engaged in the issue, it will somehow help lessen this problem.

As long as institutions have not been prepared for waste collection, the waste management in the future will be focusing on how to reduce the waste generated... in order to diminish consequential risks associated.

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‚√§∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°¢¬–‚¥¬µ√ßπ—Èπ ¬—ß‰¡à‡ªìπª√“°Ø°“√≥å∑’Ë ·πà™¥— ¡“°π—°„𠓬µ“ª√–™“™π∑—«Ë ‰ª ®π°√–∑—ßË À≈“¬Àπ૬ߓπ °Á¬—ߧßÀ“ “‡Àµÿ¢Õß‚√§∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°¢¬–‚¥¬µ√߉¡àæ∫ ‰¡à «à “ ¿“§√—∞À√◊Õ¿“§‡Õ°™π°Á¬—߉¡à‡§¬¡’Àπ૬ߓπ‰ÀπÕÕ°¡“∫Õ° ‡√◊ËÕß‚√§∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°¢¬–„Àâª√–™“™π‰¥â∑√“∫ ‚√§∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°¢¬– À“°æ‘ ® “√≥“®“°¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ∑’Ë ºà “ π¡“‡√“√Ÿâ · µà § «“¡ — ¡ æ— π ∏å · ≈– §«“¡‡ ’ˬ߇∑à“π—Èπ ·µà∂â“®–∫Õ°µ√ßÊ «à“‚√§∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°¢¬–π—Èπ ¡’‚√§Õ–‰√∫â“ßπ—Èπ ¬—ß√–∫ÿ™—¥‡®π‰¡à‰¥â ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰¡à√Ÿâ«à“¡—π®– ‡°‘¥¡“°πâÕ¬·§à‰Àπ Õ¬à“߇™àπ ¢¬–∑’ˇªìπæ‘…∫“ßÕ¬à“ß°—∫§π∑’Ë ‡ªìπ‚√§æ‘…∑’ˇ°‘¥®“° “√µ–°—Ë«‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°¡’°“√§ÿ⬢¬– ®–‡Õ“ µ—«‡≈¢¡—π°Á§ß°√–®—¥°√–®“¬ √ÿª‰¡à‰¥â à«π§«“¡‡ ’ˬß∂â“查 ‡ªìπ‡ªÕ√凴Áπ°Á§ß查¬“°¡“° °“√查‡ªìπÕ—µ√“ ‡ªìπµ—«‡≈¢ ®– µâÕß √ÿªÕÕ°¡“‡ªìπº≈«‘®—¬ ´÷Ëߢ≥–π’È∑“ß¿“§«‘™“«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å Õπ“¡—¬ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ §≥– “∏“√≥ ÿ¢»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈ °”≈—ß∑”°“√»÷°…“„πÀ—«¢âÕ‡°’ˬ«°—∫§«“¡‡ ’ˬߢÕߧπ‡°Á∫¢¬– ·≈–æπ—°ß“π∑’ˇ°Á∫¢¬– «à“¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬߡ“°πâÕ¬‡æ’¬ß‰√µàÕ°“√ ‡°‘¥‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫ ‚¥¬∑”°“√»÷°…“„π¥â“πµà“ßÊ ¥—ßπ’È °“√»÷°…“√–¬–¬“« „π°“√»÷°…“√–¬–¬“«°—∫∫ÿ§§≈∑’ˇ°Á∫ ¢¬–‚¥¬µ√ß«à“ ÿ¢¿“懢“‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√ ‡™àπ §π°«“¥∂ππ¢Õß °∑¡. §π‡°Á∫¢¬–¢Õß °∑¡. ·≈–·¡â°√–∑—Ëߧπ¢π¢¬– „π¥â“π °“√·æ∑¬å°Á®–µâÕß¡’°“√µ√«® ÿ¢¿“æ√à“ß°“¬ µ√«®‡≈◊Õ¥∫â“ß «à“ ÿ¢¿“懪ìπÕ¬à“߉√ ·≈â«π”º≈¡“»÷°…“„π√–¬–¬“««à“¡’°“√ ‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ßÕ¬à“߉√∫â“߇°’¬Ë «°—∫ ÿ¢¿“æ¢Õ߇¢“‡À≈à“π—πÈ ·≈â«®÷ß À“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏凰’ˬ«°—∫‚√§∑’Ë¡’ “‡Àµÿ¡“®“°¢¬– ¥â“π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ µâÕß¡’°“√»÷°…“‡°’¬Ë «°—∫ΩÿπÉ ≈–ÕÕß«à“ ¡—π

From the peopleûs point of view, direct wastetransmitted diseases havenût been clearly distinguished.

Even a number of agencies canût point the cause of diseases contracted directly from waste, be they the government sector or private sector. Not single agents havenût informed the public of waste-related diseases.

However, if we consider information in the past, we know only that risks and connection between diseases and waste exist. But if one wants to know how many diseases are caused by wastes, this canût be specified since we still do not know how likely waste can cause diseases. For example, we canût get the exact number of those who are contracted of toxic-lead-diseases from waste picking. ItÕs even harder to identify in terms of risk. Researches must be done in order to identify in terms of rate and figures. The Department of Environmental Health Science Department, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, is now conducting a research on the risk of rag pickers and waste workers: how risky they are to contract diseases from waste. We are doing research in these areas: Long-term research A long-term study deals with those who directly contact with wastes about how their health has been, such as the Bangkok Metropolitan scavengers, waste collectors and even waste workers.

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‚¥¬ : °Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ Tips by : Editorial Board

‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ∑’ˇªìπ¡‘µ√°—∫ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ENVIRONMENTAL-FRIENDLY MOBILE NTT DoCoMo ·≈– Sony Ericsson √à«¡¡◊Õ°—πæ—≤π“‚∑√»—æ∑å ¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ∑’Ë„™â«— ¥ÿ®“°æ≈“ µ‘° ∑’˺≈‘µ®“°·ªÑß·≈–πÈ”µ“≈¢Õߢ⓫‚楷≈– ¡—πΩ√—Ëß ‡Õ“¡“À¡—°¥â«¬°√¥ Lactic-acid Bacilli ´÷Ëß¡’¢âÕ¥’∑’Ëæ≈“ µ‘° ™π‘¥π’®È – “¡“√∂ ≈“¬µ—«‰¥â‡Õßµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‡¡◊ÕË ‡«≈“ºà“π‰ªπ“πÊ ∂◊Õ‡ªìπ º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’ˇªìπ¡‘µ√°—∫ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¢à“«®“° Gizmodo ·≈– NTT DoCoMo Press Release (≠’˪Éÿπ)

ª√–‡∑»‡√“ πà“®–≈Õß»÷°…“¥Ÿ∫â“ßπ–§√—∫ ¢â“«‚楰Á‡¬Õ– ¡—πΩ√—Ëß °Á·¬– ¡’„Àâ„™â»÷°…“¡“°¡“¬§√—∫ NTT DoCoMo and Sony Ericsson have jointly developed a mobile phone made from plastic, which in turn is made of starch and sugar of corns and potatoes and then fermented with Lactic acid Bacilli. As time goes by, the plastic will be broken down into water and carbon dioxide. It is considered an environmental-friendly product.

Source: www.gizmodo.com/gadgets/cellphones/sony-ericsson/ ntt-docomo-for-environmentfriendly-phones-100518.php

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It is suitable for use as a power supply for a wide range of portable devices like mobile phones, PDAs, and digital cameras.

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æ—≤π“∑’Ë™“√审◊Õ∂◊Õæ≈—ß· ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å Developing Solar-Powered Mobile Charger NTT ∫√‘…—∑¬—°…å „À≠à¥â“π‡∑‡≈§Õ¡¢Õß≠’˪Éÿπ ‡ªî¥µ—«‡§√◊ËÕß™“√å® ·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë·∫∫æ°æ“‰¥â ‚¥¬„™âæ≈—ßß“π· ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å ¡’™◊ËÕ«à“ çPocket Energyé ‡§√◊ÕË ß™“√宥—ß°≈à“«π’ È “¡“√∂™“√安ø„Àâ°∫— Õÿª°√≥åÕ‡‘ ≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ™π‘¥µà“ßÊ ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ‚∑√»—æ∑凧≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë °≈âÕß Camcorder À√◊Õ‡§√◊ËÕß ‡≈àπ‡°¡·∫∫¡◊Õ∂◊Õ°Á‰¥â‡™àπ°—π ∑’ Ë ”§—≠§◊Õ¡’√“§“∂Ÿ°¡“° ª√–¡“≥ 20,000 ‡¬π ‡∑à“π—Èπ (ª√–¡“≥ 7,374 ∫“∑) ‡§√◊ÕË ß™“√å®·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë Pocket Energy π’È ™à«¬„Àâ§≥ ÿ “¡“√∂™“√安ø‰¥â ‰¡à«à“§ÿ≥®–Õ¬Ÿà„π∑’Ë∑’Ë¡’‰øøÑ“À√◊Õ‰¡à √«¡∂÷ßÀ“°‡°‘¥¿—¬æ‘∫—µ‘µà“ßÊ §ÿ≥°Á ¬—ß “¡“√∂™“√安ø„Àâ¡◊Õ∂◊Õ‡æ◊ËÕµ‘¥µàÕ°—∫‚≈°¿“¬πÕ°‰¥â ‡æ’¬ß𔇧√◊ËÕß ™“√安ø¥—ß°≈à“«‰ª√—∫· ß·¥¥ª√–¡“≥ 4 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ¡—π°Á®–¡’‰øøÑ“ ”√Õß ‡æ’¬ßæÕ ”À√—∫°“√§ÿ¬‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ∑’ˬ“«π“πª√–¡“≥ 4 ™—Ë«‚¡ß‡≈∑’‡¥’¬« πÕ°®“°π—Èπ¬—ß “¡“√∂„™â™“√安ø„Àâ°—∫‡§√◊ËÕ߇≈àπµà“ßÊ ‰¥â ‰¡à«à“ ®–‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕ߇≈àπ‡°¡§Õπ‚´≈ ‡§√◊ËÕ߇≈àπ‡æ≈ߥ‘®‘µÕ≈ °≈âÕߥ‘®‘µÕ≈ œ≈œ ®“° manager.co.th

Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT), a Japanese telecommunication giant, has launched a portable solar-powered battery charger, called çPocket Energy.é This so-called charger can be used for recharging a wide range of electronic devices; cell phones, Camcorders or hand-held game consoles as well. More important is itûs very cheap at about 20,000 yen (or 7,374 Baht) only.

This battery charger, Pocket Energy, will enable you to recharge your cell phone with or without electricity or in the wake of disasters to connect you with the external world. You just put this battery charger in direct sunshine for four hours. It can store enough electricity to run a mobile phone for four consecutive hours of talking. It, moreover, can be used for recharging most electronic devices including game consoles, digital compact-disc players, or digital cameras.

Source: www.ntt.co.jp/news

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π—°«‘™“°“√ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…

Green Policy by : Warisara Prasenmoon Environmental Officer, Pollution Control Department

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Waste Policy in Thailand ®“°°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑—Èß∑’ˇªìπ¢¬– ¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑—Ë«‰ª·≈–¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬ ∑”„À⇰‘¥ªí≠À“®“°°“√ ®—¥°“√¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ´÷Ë߇ªìπªí≠À“∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õߪ√–‡∑» √—∞∫“≈‰¥â ¡’°“√«“ßπ‚¬∫“¬‡°’¬Ë «°—∫°“√®—¥°“√ªí≠À“ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’‡Ë °‘¥¢÷πÈ ‚¥¬°”À𥇪ì π π‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ°“√ à ß ‡ √‘ ¡ ·≈–√— ° …“ §ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ æ.». 2540-2559 çπ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ°“√ à ß ‡ √‘ ¡ ·≈–√— ° …“§ÿ ≥ ¿“æ ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡·Àà ß ™“µ‘ ¡’ § «“¡¡ÿà ß À¡“¬∑’Ë ® –„Àâ ¡’ ° “√®— ¥ °“√ ∑√— æ ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈–°“√ à ß ‡ √‘ ¡ ·≈–√— ° …“§ÿ ≥ ¿“æ ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡·Àà ß ™“µ‘ „ Àâ § «∫§Ÿà ‰ ª°— ∫ °“√æ— ≤ 𓇻√…∞°‘ ® ·≈– —ߧ¡ Õ—π®–¬—ߺ≈„Àâ°“√æ—≤π“ª√–‡∑»‡ªìπ°“√æ—≤π“ ∑’ˬ—Ë߬◊π·≈–‡ √‘¡ √â“ߧÿ≥¿“æ·Ààß™’«‘µ¢Õߪ√–™“™π ‚¥¬‰¥â °”Àπ¥·π«∑“ß∑’Ë ®”‡ªì π ‡√à ß ¥à«π „π°“√øóô π øŸ ∑ √— æ ¬“°√ ∏√√¡™“µ‘∑’ˇ°‘¥∑¥·∑π‰¥â „Àâ ‡¢â “ Ÿà ¿“æ ¡¥ÿ ≈ ¢Õß°“√ „™â·≈–°“√‡°‘¥∑¥·∑π ·≈– °”Àπ¥·π«∑“ß°“√·°â ‰ ¢

The increased volume of waste both ordinary and hazardous one causes the problem of waste management, a critical problem of the country. The government has set policies concerning the management of environmental problem by forming the national policy and plans of promotion and conservation of the environmental quality B.E. 2540-2559, stating çThe national policy and plan of support and conservation of environmental quality aims at managing natural resources and supporting and conserving the quality of environment concurrent with the economic and societal development, resulting in the sustainable development of the country and enhancement of the peopleûs quality of life by setting the guidance which requires immediate action in reviving renewable natural resources in order to return to their balance state of use and reimbursement. And it also sets the guideline for solution of eliminating water pollution, air pollution, noise and quake pollution, garbage and waste, hazardous

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¢®—¥¿“«–¡≈æ‘…∑“ßπÈ” ¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“» ¡≈æ‘…∑“߇ ’¬ß ·≈–§«“¡ —πË –‡∑◊Õπ ¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬·≈– ‘ßË ªØ‘°≈Ÿ “√Õ—πµ√“¬ ·≈– ¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬ µ≈Õ¥®π°“√°”Àπ¥·π«∑“ß„π°“√ à߇ √‘¡ ·≈–√—°…“§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘„πÕπ“§µé ´÷Ëß®–‡ÀÁπ «à “‰¥â°”Àπ¥„Àâ¡’°“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬·≈– ‘Ëߪؑ°Ÿ≈·≈– ¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬‰«â¥â«¬

¡“µ√°“√∑’Ë®–‡ √‘¡„Àâ “¡“√∂π”·π«π‚¬∫“‰ª Ÿà°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ 1. π— ∫ πÿ π „Àâ ¡’ ° “√®— ¥ µ—È ß »Ÿ π ¬å °”®— ¥ ¢¬–¡Ÿ ≈ ΩÕ¬„™â √à«¡°—πÀ≈“¬™ÿ¡™π 2. à߇ √‘¡°“√≈ß∑ÿπ√à«¡®“°¿“§‡Õ°™π„π°“√°”®—¥¢¬– ¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ·≈–π”¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå 3. π—∫ πÿπ¿“§‡Õ°™π¥”‡π‘π∏ÿ√°‘®°“√®—¥°“√¢¬– ¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ °“√µ‘¥µ“¡µ√«® Õ∫ 4. „™âÀ≈—°°“√ºŸâ°àÕ¡≈æ‘…‡ªìπºŸâ®à“¬Õ¬à“߬ÿµ‘∏√√¡·≈– ‡ ¡Õ¿“§ 5. ª√—∫ª√ÿß°Æ √–‡∫’¬∫ ¢âÕ∫—ߧ—∫ ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫Õ—µ√“ §à“∏√√¡‡π’¬¡§à“∫√‘°“√‡°Á∫¢π àß·≈–°”®—¥„Àâ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ §à“¥”‡π‘π°“√ 6. ª≈Ÿ°Ωíß∑—»π§µ‘∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß·°à‡¬“«™π ‚¥¬„Àâ°“√»÷°…“ ·≈–√≥√ߧå„À⇰‘¥§«“¡√à«¡¡◊ժؑ∫—µ‘ √«¡∑—Èß„Àâª√–™“™π ·≈–™ÿ¡™π‡¢â“¡“¡’ à«π√à«¡¡“°¢÷Èπ 7. Ωñ°Õ∫√¡‡æ‘¡Ë æŸπ§«“¡√Ÿ·â °à‡®â“Àπâ“∑’¢Ë Õß√—∞·≈–‡Õ°™π 8. π— ∫ πÿ π °“√»÷ ° …“ «‘ ®— ¬ ·≈–æ— ≤ π“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ∑’Ë ‡À¡“– ¡„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬Õ¬à“ß¡’√–∫∫

substance and waste, including setting the national guidelines of promotion and conservation of the environmental quality in the future.é We can see that this has set the solution of garbage and waste problem and hazardous waste as well.

Measures to Promote the Implementation of Policy 1. Advocate the establishment of waste disposal center for sharing among communities.

2. Support the joint investment from the private sector in waste disposal and the reuse of waste.

3. Support the private sector in doing the business of waste management and monitoring 4. Follow the principle of whoever causes the pollution must pay for the cost fairly and equally.

5. Improve rules, regulations, and principles concerning the rate of waste collection, transporting, and disposal in accordance with the processing cost.

6. Imbue positive attitude to young people by educating and implementing campaign for more cooperation, including more engagement of people and community.

7. Provide training for both government officials and private employees.

8. Support the study, research and technological development suitable in systematic waste management

‚§√ß°“√¥â“π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕWaste Management Projects A number of agencies both from the government and private sectors have realized the problem. Therefore, they have cooperated in implementing projects and activities to respond to the waste management policy

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‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¡’Õ¬ŸàÀ≈“¬°‘®°√√¡¥â«¬°—𠇙àπ 1. °√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‰¥â®¥— ∑” ·ºπ°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬·Ààß™“µ‘¢÷Èπµ“¡¡µ‘§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ ‡æ◊ËÕ„™â‡ªìπ°√Õ∫·≈–·π«∑“ß„π°“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“°“√®—¥°“√ ¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬„π¿“æ√«¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑» ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬¡“µ√°“√ À≈—° 5 ¥â“π §◊Õ Ô ¡“µ√°“√∑“ß —ߧ¡ ‡™àπ °“√ √â“ߧ«“¡µ√–Àπ—°·≈– ®‘µ ”π÷°„Àâª√–™“™π≈¥°“√∫√‘‚¿§ ‘π§â“Õ¬à“ßøÿÉ¡‡øóÕ¬ °“√ ¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬·≈–°“√§—¥·¬°¢¬– ¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬®“°·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥ Ô ¡“µ√°“√°“√≈ß∑ÿ𠇙àπ °“√ π—∫ πÿπ„Àâ·µà≈–®—ßÀ«—¥ ®—¥µ—ßÈ »Ÿπ¬å∫”∫—¥·≈–°”®—¥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬√«¡·∫∫§√∫«ß®√ ‚¥à߇ √‘¡„Àâ¿“§‡Õ°™π‡¢â“¡“≈ß∑ÿπ Ô ¡“µ√°“√∑“ß¿“…’ ‡™à π °“√‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¿“…’ ‘ π §â “ À√◊ Õ ∫√√®ÿ¿—≥±å∑’Ë°”®—¥¬“°·≈–‰¡à‡ªìπ¡‘µ√µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ Ô ¡“µ√°“√∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬ ‡™àπ °“√°”Àπ¥°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫ ‡æ◊Ë Õ √â “ ß°≈‰°°“√‡√’ ¬ °§◊ π ´“°∫√√®ÿ ¿— ≥ ±å · ≈–º≈‘ µ ¿— ≥ ±å ‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ¿“æ ÕÕ°¢âÕ°”Àπ¥„Àâª√–™“™π¡’°“√§—¥·¬°¢¬– ¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬®“°·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥ √«¡∑—Èß°”Àπ¥„ÀâÕߧå°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ®—¥√–∫∫°“√‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬®“°·À≈àß °”‡π‘¥·∫∫·¬°ª√–‡¿∑ Ô ¡“µ√°“√ π—∫ πÿπÕ◊ËπÊ ‡™àπ à߇ √‘¡·≈– π—∫ πÿπ „Àâ¡°’ “√π”‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’°“√º≈‘µ∑’ Ë –Õ“¥¡“„™â à߇ √‘¡ π—∫ πÿπ „Àâ¡’°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬„π°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿߧÿ≥¿“æ¢Õß«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫®“° «— ¥ÿ„™â·≈â«∑’Ë®–π”¡“º≈‘µ ‘π§â“ 2. ‚§√ß°“√‡√’¬°§◊π´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ´÷Ë߇°‘¥ ®“°§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ√–À«à“ßÀπ૬ߓπ√«¡ 20 Àπà«¬ß“π ‰¥â·°à °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…, °√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡, ”π—° ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√, ¡“§¡ ∂“∫—πÕÿ¥¡»÷°…“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‰∑¬, CAT Telecom, Thai-mobile, AIS, DTAC, HUTCH, True, TA Orange, Nokia, Motorola, GENCO, Umicore, Prowaste, CPACT, N-Mark Plaza ·≈– MBK „π°“√√—∫‡ªìπ®ÿ¥√—∫§◊π´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‚∑√»—æ∑å

and promoted campaigns for people and every agency to involve in the management of generated waste. The ongoing projects and activities are: 1. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment has set the national waste management plans according to the decree of the cabinet to be used as a framework and guidance on handling the problem of waste management for the country as a whole. It consists of 5 main measures as follows: Ô Societal measures such as to raise awareness and consciousness to the people in decreasing the consumption of luxury goods, their involvement in reducing the amount of waste and the separation of waste at the source of waste generation Ô Investment measures such as the advocacy for each province to set up the comprehensive waste disposal and treatment center through the support of the investment from the private sector Ô Tax measures such as the increase of tax for goods or packaging that are difficult to be disposed of or non-environmental friendly Ô Legal measures such as the formation of regulations to create the mechanism for recovery of the packaging remnants and deteriorated products, law enforcement to people to sort out the garbage at the source of its generation, including regulating the local administration to set up the process of collecting the waste separated at the source of the generation Ô Other supportive measures such as support and

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¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–°”®—¥´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’‚Ë ∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ‚¥¬®—¥„Àâ¡’æ‘∏’ ≈ßπ“¡„π∫—π∑÷°§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ«à“¥â«¬°“√®—¥°“√´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡Õ◊ ∂◊Õ ‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë 23 °—𬓬π 2548 ≥ ‚√ß·√¡ª∑ÿ¡«—π ª√‘π´å‡´ 3. ‚§√ß°“√≈¥°“√„™âæ≈“ µ‘°·≈–‚ø¡ ¡’«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å ‡æ◊ËÕ √â“߇§√◊Õ¢à“¬°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°‘®°√√¡°“√≈¥ª√‘¡“≥ °“√„™âæ≈“ µ‘°·≈–‚ø¡„πÀâ“ß √√æ ‘π§â“·≈–√â“π –¥«°´◊ÕÈ ‚¥¬¡’§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ®“°Àπ૬ߓπµà“ßÊ ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß ‰¥â·°à °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘… °√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈– ºŸâ ª √–°Õ∫°“√Àâ “ ß √√æ ‘ π §â “ ·≈–√â “ π –¥«°´◊È Õ „π‡¢µ °√ÿ߇∑æœ ·≈–ª√‘¡≥±≈ ´÷Ëߥ”‡π‘π°“√„π™à«ß√–À«à“ߪï æ.».

2548 4. ‚§√ß°“√°“√„™â«— ¥ÿÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡‡æ◊ËÕ®—¥∑”¢“‡∑’¬¡ æ√–√“™∑“𠇪ìπ°‘®°√√¡Àπ÷ßË „π‚§√ß°“√ √—°‡™’¬ß„À¡à √à«¡„® ≈¥¡≈æ‘ … √à « ¡‡∑‘ ¥ æ√–‡°’ ¬ √µ‘ „ π«‚√°“ ¡À“¡ß§≈‡©≈‘ ¡ æ√–™π¡æ√√…“ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“ ‘√‘°‘µ‘Ï æ√–∫√¡√“™‘π’π“∂ 12 ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2548 °‘®°√√¡ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬°“√√≥√ߧ尓√‡√’¬°§◊π ∫√√®ÿ¿—≥±åÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂π”°√–ªÜÕßÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ ·≈°‡¢â“ «π —µ«å‡™’¬ß„À¡à ‡æ◊ËÕ™¡¡À°√√¡§Õπ‡ ‘√åµ·≈–√à«¡ ‡≈àπ‡°¡ ‡ªî¥µ—«‚§√ß°“√‡¡◊ËÕ«—π‡ “√å∑’Ë 6 ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2548 ≥ «π —µ«å‡™’¬ß„À¡à

advocate the use of green technologies, support the conduct of research in quality improvement of the used materials to be reused in production 2. The project of the recovery of battery and cell phone remnants, initiated from the cooperation among 20 agencies; the Pollution Control Department, Department of Environment Quality Promotion, Environment Bureau, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Association of Thai Environment, CAT Telecom, Thai-mobile, AIS, DTAC, HUTCH, True, TA Orange, Nokia, Motorola, GENCO, Umicore, Prowaste, CPACT, N-Mark Plaza and MBK, where the locations for returning the remnants of cell phoneûs batteries and disposal of them are provided. The MOU ceremony on the cooperation of cell phone batteries disposal was held on 23 September 2005 at the Pathumwan Princess Hotel.

3. The project of the reduction of plastics and foam use aims at building the participatory network through the activities of reducing the volume of plastics and foams used in shopping centers and convenient stores with the support from the involved parties, that is, the Pollution Control Department, Department of Environment Quality Promotion and shopping center owners and convenient stores in Bangkok and its vicinity areas.

4. The project of the use of aluminum to make prosthetic limbs under the royal patronage is one of the many activities of the project çLove Chiengmai, Together Reduce the Pollution,é to celebrate the commemorative ceremony on the occasion of Her Majesty Queen Sirikitûs birthday on 12 August 2005. The activities are the campaign of returning the aluminum packaging through the exchange of one aluminum can for one ticket to enter into Chiengmai zoo to attend the concert and play games. This project was launched on 6 August 2005 at Chiengmai Zoo. 5. The Bangkok Can Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Prosthesis Foundation under the royal patronage of H.R.H The Princess Mother, Ek-Chai Distribution Co., Ltd. and the Pollution Control Department have carried out the çProject of the Use of Aluminum to Make Prosthesesé since March by having the donation location at 20 branches of Tesco-Lotus in Bangkok areas and other government agencies; The Pollution Control Department,

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5. ∫√‘…—∑ ∫“ß°Õ°·§π ·¡πŸ·ø§‡®Õ√‘Ëß ®”°—¥ ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘ ¢“‡∑’¬¡„π ¡‡¥Á®æ√–»√’π§√‘π∑√å∑√“∫√“™™ππ’ ∫√‘…∑— ‡Õ°-™—¥‘ ∑√‘∫√‘«™—Ëπ ®”°— ¥ ·≈–°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…‰¥â√à«¡¥”‡π‘π 炧√ß°“√„™â«— ¥ÿÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡‡æ◊ËÕ®—¥∑”¢“‡∑’¬¡æ√–√“™∑“πé µ—Èß·µà‡¥◊Õπ¡’π“§¡ ‚¥¬µ—Èß®ÿ¥√—∫∫√‘®“§∑’ËÀâ“߇∑ ‚°â‚≈µ— „π ‡¢µ°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ ®”π«π 20 “¢“ ·≈–Àπ૬ߓπ√“™°“√ ‰ ¥â · °à °√¡§«∫§ÿ ¡ ¡≈æ‘ … ∂“∫— π ¡“µ√«‘ ∑ ¬“ °√¡ ∑√— æ ¬“°√∏√≥’ ·≈–‚√ß欓∫“≈¿Ÿ ¡‘ æ ≈ √«¡∑—È ß ∑’Ë ∫ √‘ …— ∑ ∫“ß°Õ°·§π·¡ππŸ·ø§‡®Õ√‘Ëß ®”°—¥ ®“°√–¬–‡«≈“ 3 ‡¥◊Õπ ∑’Ë¥”‡π‘π°“√¡“‰¥â√—∫§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’®“°ª√–™“™π ‚¥¬¬Õ¥∫√‘®“§Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡„π‡¥◊Õπ¡’π“§¡ 2,142 °‘‚≈°√—¡ ‡¥◊Õπ‡¡…“¬π 4,785 °‘‚≈°√—¡ ·≈–‡¥◊Õπ情¿“§¡ 3,083 °‘‚≈°√—¡ √«¡∑—Èß ‘Èπ®”π«π 10,010 °‘‚≈°√—¡ ´÷Ëß®–¡Õ∫„Àâ ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘¢“‡∑’¬¡œ 𔉪®—¥∑”‡æ◊ËÕº≈‘µ‡ªìπÕÿª°√≥墓‡∑’¬¡ ”À√—∫ºŸâæ‘°“√µàÕ‰ª ‚§√ß°“√µà“ßÊ ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ À“°‰¡à‰¥â§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ®“°∑ÿ° Àπ૬ߓπ √«¡∂÷ߧ«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ®“°ª√–™“™π °Á‰¡àÕ“® ”‡√Á® ≈ÿ≈à«ß‰ª‰¥â ∑—Èßπ’ȇπ◊ËÕß®“°ªí≠À“¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬π—Èπ‡°‘¥®“°‡√“ ∑ÿ°§π ¥—ßπ—πÈ °“√√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫µàÕ¢¬–∑’‡Ë °‘¥¢÷πÈ ®÷߇ªìπÀπâ“∑’¢Ë Õß ª√–™“™π∑ÿ ° §π ‰¡à „ ™à ® –‚¬π§«“¡√— ∫ º‘ ¥ ™Õ∫‰ª„Àâ °— ∫ Àπ૬ߓπ„¥Àπ૬ߓπÀπ÷Ë߇∑à“π—Èπ ´÷Ë߇√“ “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â‚¥‡√‘¡Ë ®“°°“√§—¥·¬°¢¬–®“°∑’∫Ë “â π¢Õ߇√“‡∑à“π—πÈ ‚¥¬Àπ૬ߓπ ∑“ß¿“§√—∞§«√ à߇ √‘¡√≥√ߧå·≈–„À⧫“¡√Ÿâ·°àª√–™“™π Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑®–¥”‡π‘ π‰ª‰¥â · ≈–‰¡à °à Õ „Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ ªí ≠ À“√â “ ¬·√ßµà Õ‰ª„π Õ𓧵

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National Institute of Metrology, Department of Mineral Resources and Bhumiphol Hospital, including The Bangkok Can Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Since 3 months of operation we have received well cooperation from people with the total of 2,142 kilograms of aluminum donation in March, 4,785 kilograms in April, and 3,083 kilograms in May, the total of 10,010 kilograms, all of which will be donated to Prosthesis Foundation to further produce prosthesis for the handicaps.

The projects implemented without the support from every agency and the people canût succeed. However, the waste problem is created by all of us, so the responsibility for the wastes produced is in our hand.

We can push the responsibilities and leave them to one particular party. We can start taking the responsibility by sorting out the waste at home. The government agencies should advocate the campaign and continuously educate people in order that the waste management of Thailand is under operation and doesnût pose any perils in the future.

Reference

1. ¢à“« ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡, °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…, www.pcd.go.th 1. Environment News, The Pollution Control Department, 2. √ÿª√“¬ß“π ∂“π°“√≥å¡≈æ‘…¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑www.pcd.go.th æ.». 2547 2. The Summary Report of Pollution Situation in Thailand, 2004

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‚¥¬ : π≈‘π »√æ√À¡ Green Technology by : Nalin Sornphrom

➤

«‘∏°’ “√„À¡à§√—Èß·√°¢Õß‚≈°°—∫°“√„™â ç·¡≈ß·°≈∫é °”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å ‰¥âº≈‡√Á« ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß ➤ Novel Process of the World to Use çSurinam Cockroaché to Dispose of Organic Wastes Quickly and Highly Effective 碬–∑à « ¡‡¡◊ Õ ß-¢¬–≈â π ª√–‡∑»é §”°≈à“«∑’ËøíߥŸπà“°≈—«π’È Õ¬à“§‘¥«à“‡ªìπ‰ª‰¡à‰¥â À“°¢¬–∑’‡Ë °‘¥ ¢÷πÈ „π∫â“π‡√◊Õπ∂Ⓣ¡à‡°Á∫∑‘ßÈ —° 2-3 ‡¥◊Õπ °Á‡°≈◊ÕË π °Á‡À¡ÁπÀ÷ßË ‰ª∑—ßÈ ∫â“π ∑—Èßπ’È ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢Õß°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘… ‡¡◊ÕË ªï æ.». 2546 §π‰∑¬∑—«Ë ª√–‡∑» √â“ߢ¬–√«¡°—π∂÷ß 39,240 µ—π/«—π ·¬°‰¥â ‡ ªì π ¢¬–Õ‘ π ∑√’ ¬å ª √–¡“≥ 47% ¢¬–√’‰´‡§‘≈ 40% ¢¬–Õ—πµ√“¬ 3% ·≈–¢¬–∑—Ë«‰ª 10% ´÷Ëß„π®”π«π‡°◊Õ∫ 4 À¡◊Ëπµ—π/«—π ‡©æ“– ç§π°√ÿ߇∑æœé °Á °àÕ„À⇰‘¥¢¬–∂÷ߪ√–¡“≥ 9,340 µ—π/«—π À√◊Õ‡°◊Õ∫ 1 „π 4 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥¢¬–∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» (¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æ凥≈‘π‘« å «—π∑’Ë 3 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π 2548)

(Source: Dailynews Newpaper, June 3rd, 2005)

The discovery of çSurinam cockroaché (Ma-Laeng Glaeb) enables us to dispose and benefit from organic wastes and it is considered a fast and most effective

GREEN LINE

°“√§âπæ∫ ç·¡≈ß·°≈∫é ∑”„Àâ “¡“√∂°”®—¥·≈–„™â ª√–‚¬™πå¢Õߢ¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å‰¥â ·≈–∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ«‘∏’°“√„À¡à„π°“√ °”®—¥¢¬–∑’ˉ¥âº≈√«¥‡√Á«·≈–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß ÿ¥ ºŸâ§âπæ∫ «‘∏’°“√π’È §◊Õ √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√. ¡™—¬ ®—π∑√å «à“ß √Õß Õ∏‘°“√∫¥’¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å «‘∑¬“‡¢µ‡©≈‘¡æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘ ®—ßÀ«—¥ °≈π§√ ·≈–Õ“®“√¬åª√–®”¿“§«‘™“ —µ««‘∑¬“ §≥–

çPiles of Garbage Swamped the Town-Overloaded the Countryé is a saying sounding awful but impossible. If household garbage is not dumped for 2-3 months, they will be all over the place, giving off the stinky odor in the house. The data from Pollution Control Department in 2003 indicated that Thai people around the country make the total garbage of 39,240 tons per day, categorized into 47% of organic wastes, 40% of recycled wastes, 3% of hazardous wastes, and 10% of general wastes. Of almost 40,000 tons of wastes per day, 9,340 tons per day, almost 1 in 4 of the total waste of the country, were from the çBangkok People.é

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«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ ‡ªìπ·¡≈ß„πµ√–°Ÿ≈·¡≈ß “∫ ´÷ßË ¡’°«à“ 4,000 ™π‘¥ à«π„À≠à¡—°®–√Ÿâ®—°°—π„π¥â“π‡ªìπ»—µ√Ÿ∑”≈“¬æ◊™·≈– ‡ªìπæ“À–π”‚√§ ·µà∫“ß™π‘¥°≈—∫‰¡à¡’Õ—πµ√“¬µàÕæ◊™ ·≈– ∫“ß™π‘¥ “¡“√∂π”¡“‡≈’¬È ߇ªìπ —µ«å‡≈’¬È ߉¥â ´÷ßË Àπ÷ßË „ππ—πÈ §◊Õ ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ ·¡≈ß·°≈∫¡’¢π“¥§«“¡¬“«ª√–¡“≥ 3/4 π‘È« ¡’ π’ È”µ“≈®π∂÷ß ’¥” ªï°§Ÿ·à √°¡’ Õ’ Õà π°«à“ ’≈”µ—« ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ °‘πÕ“À“√∑ÿ°™π‘¥∑’‡Ë ªìπÕ‘π∑√’¬«—µ∂ÿ À√◊Õ ‘ßË ∑’§Ë √—ßÈ Àπ÷ßË ‡§¬¡’™«’ µ‘ ‡™à𠇻…æ◊™ ‡»…º—° ‡»…Õ“À“√ ¡Ÿ≈ —µ«åµà“ßÊ ´÷Ëß√«¡¡Ÿ≈ —µ«å ‡≈’È¬ß ‡™àπ ¡Ÿ≈ ÿπ—¢ ·≈–¡Ÿ≈·¡« À“°‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å«‘∏’°“√Õ◊ËπÊ Õ“∑‘ °“√‡≈’Ȭ߉ ⇥◊Õπ ´÷Ëß°”≈—߇ªìπ∑’Ë π„®·≈–‡ªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫ °—π«à“∑”ß“π‰¥âÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ·≈â« ·¡≈ß·°≈∫¬‘ßË ∑”ß“π ‰¥â‡√Á«°«à“¡“° ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ “¡“√∂°‘π¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å ¥‰¥â ‚¥‰¡àµÕâ ß√Õ„Àâ®≈ÿ π‘ ∑√’¬∑å ”ß“π°àÕπ ·≈– “¡“√∂°‘π¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å ∑’‰Ë ⇥◊Õπ‰¡à “¡“√∂®–∑”‰¥â ‡™à𠇻…Õ“À“√®”æ«°‰¢¡—π ·≈– ‡»…‡π◊È Õ µ—«·¡≈ß·°≈∫‡Õß°Á¡’ª√–‚¬™πå “¡“√∂𔉪„™â ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√„™â‰ ⇥◊Õπ §◊Õ ‡ªìπ‡À¬◊ËÕµ°‡∫Á¥ Õ“À“√ª≈“ ‡≈’Ȭ߉°à ‡≈’Ȭßπ° ‡≈’Ȭ߰∫ ‡ªìπµâπ ∂â“¡’Õ“À“√„À⇪ìπª√–®” ·¡≈ß·°≈∫®–‰¡àÀπ’ÕÕ°¡“®“°µŸâÀ√◊Õ°√–∫–∑’Ë„™â‡≈’È¬ß ·µà∂â“ À≈ÿ¥ÕÕ°¡“¡—°®–‰¡à¡’™’«‘µ√Õ¥ ‡æ√“–·¡≈ß·°≈∫¡’»—µ√Ÿ„π ∏√√¡™“µ‘Õ¬Ÿà¡“° ‡™àπ π° ‰°à ®‘Èß®° ®‘È߇À≈π §“ß§° °∫ Õ÷ßË Õà“ß √«¡∂÷ß¡¥°‘π‡π◊ÕÈ ™π‘¥µà“ßÊ ´÷ßË ∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ ‘ßË ∑’∏Ë √√¡™“µ‘ ¡Õ∫„Àâ · °à ¡ πÿ … ¬å „ π√–¬–∑’Ë ¢ ¬–‡ªì π ªí ≠ À“¢Õß∑ÿ ° ·Àà ß ¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ ‡°…µ√»“ µ√å ‡ Õß°Á ‡ ªì π ‡æ’ ¬ ߺŸâ §‘ ¥ §â π °“√„™â ª√–‚¬™π宓°·¡≈ß·°≈∫„π°“√°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å ·µà¬—ß¡’ ‡√◊ËÕß∑’˵âÕß»÷°…“°—πÕ’°¡“° ‡™àπ §ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õß¡Ÿ≈·¡≈ß·°≈∫ „π·ßàªÿܬÀ¡—° °“√‡ªì𵗫𔇙◊ÈÕ‚√§·≈–§à“µà“ßÊ ∑“ߥâ“π «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ∑’Ë¡“¢ÕߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈ Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’™“«∫â“π Àπâ“ 32 «—π∑’Ë 15 °√°Æ“§¡ æ.». 2548 ªï∑’Ë 17 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 363 ‚¥¬ ®ÿ‰√ ‡°‘¥§«π

novel process of waste disposal. The person finding this method is Associate Professor Dr.Somchai Chantsavang, Vice President of Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakonnakhon Province Campus and a faculty member of Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University.

Surinam cockroach is an insect in the cockroach family which has more than 4,000 species. They are commonly known for its destructive side to vegetation and a carrier-disease but some of them are not detriment to the vegetation. Some can be raised as pet as well and among these is Surinam cockroach. Surinam cockroach is inch long, brown to black color with the color of its first pair of wings lighter than that of its body. It consumes almost all of the food both organic materials and once a living creatures such as crop residues, vegetable residues, food residues, animal dung, including domestic animal dung like those of dogs and cats.

Compared with other methods of organic waste disposal like raising the earthworm, a recently interesting and acceptable method of effective waste disposal, the Surinam cockroach works even faster. It can feed on both fresh organic wastes, without waiting for microorganisms to kick in, and other organic wastes unable to be consumed by the earthworm like fat-contained food residues and meat residues. The Surinam cockroach itself is beneficial, that is, it can be used the same way as its counterpart, which is fish bait, food for fish, chicken, bird, and frog, etc. If regularly fed, it will not escape from the raising container or raising bin.

However, if it does come out, it usually cannot survive because there are a number of natural predators like birds, chickens, house lizards, skinks, toads, frogs, bullfrogs, including other meat-eating ants. This is viewed as a gift from nature to human during the period of landfill problem. Kasetsart University is just the inventor who takes advantage of the Surinam cockroach in disposing of organic wastes. However, there are still a lot to learn, for example, the quality of cockroach dung in terms of fermented fertilizer, the carrier of diseases, and other scientific values.

Source: Folk Technology Newspaper, Page 32, July 15th 2005, Year 17, Volume 363,

by Urai Gerdkaun.

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➤

‰ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘πº≈‘µªÿ¬Ü ¢®—¥¢¬– ➤ Earthworm Produces Fertilizer and Disposes of Wastes Intestinal Worm is among a name of many invertebrate animals, some of which have segmented body while some donût such as earthworm. Earthworm, having segmented body, can be found on the fertilized soil and under piles of trash.

Mermithid nematode, without ringed body, is a parasite to roots of vegetables, beans, and plants.

The benefits of earthworm lie not only in enhancing better soil quality but also being used for such animal feeds as fish, birds, ducks, chicken, and etc.

The earthworm feeds on non-living things but it decomposes rotting organic materials particularly organic materials with high nitrogen in composition.

In 1998 Dr.Anath Tonso, Department of Soil and Environmental Resources, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, has seen its benefits so he has conducted the research with support from the Office of National Science and Technology Development, Northern Network. It turns out to be a very successful one, that is, the earthworm is able to decompose waste materials fast and excrete cast manure, a high quality fertilizer, as well.

From the result of the experiment, 1 kilo of earthworm can dispose 1 kilo of vegetable residues or wastes within 24 hours. This process, however, canût be spread to those interested because the price of foreign earthworm species is very expensive and more important it might have affected the ecology system or caused the change to local earthworm species. Later the Thai earthworm, called çKitarae,é consuming a lot of food and well resistant to the environment, has been developed.

Compared with that of the foreign one, it has found out that the Thai earthworm (Kitarae) feeds on food 1 time less than that of its counterpart. Therefore, the Thai

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earthworm specie must be developed and selected only the one that has high consumption and then it will be bred to farmers or other interested people in order to help produce cheap fertilizer and at the same time dispose of wastes.

The earthworm commonly found in Thailand and South East Asia region are Pheretima peguana and Pheretima posthum. The earthwormûs external feature is segmented from head to the end of its body. Its feature is long cylinder with tapering pointed head and tail, approximately 10-20 centimeter long. When matured, there will be about 120 segmentations with a gap in between each segment, each of which has a small setae set along, a total of about 56 setae. Neither head nor tail can be clearly identified. It has neither eyes nor feelers as clam worm but it has clitellum.

While reaching its reproductive stage, clitellum can be visibly seen at the 14th-16th ring.

Raising worm in order to dispose of organic wastes including agricultural residues is possible if we know how to adapt the environment suitable for the growth of earthworm. The containers to raise earthworm are a clay tank, a pot, a box, a bag or waste bin, a drain, a tray, or any other materials depending on the convenience.

Supposing a fresh waste of community with the rate of 5 tons per day is required to be gotten rid of, we are to prepare a fermenting tank about 100 m2 (the density rate equal to 0.5 ton per m3), with 0.8-1.0 meter high, about 1 meter long and unlimited wide for easier operation. çFresh litter contains water no less than 80% of its composition. Therefore, while being composted and decomposed by the earthworm, a lot of liquid or compost water from the earthworm dung will be excreted from piles of litter. The construction of a pit to store the compost water from the earthworm is a must. This will prevent compost water from being logged inside the fermented fertilizer. If this persists, it will cause the earthworm to try to escape above the surface level due to inability to breathe. This compost water is highly rich in nutrients and microorganism. Generally, a complete fermentation produces odorless compost water and can

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∫√‘ ‡ «≥ ·≈â « ®÷ ß „Àâ § «“¡™◊È π ‡≈Á ° πâ Õ ª√–¡“≥ 20 ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå ¢ÕßπÈ”Àπ—°¢¬– ¥À√◊Õ„À⇪אּ™ÿà¡ ·µà‰¡à„Àâ¡’πÈ”·™à¢—ß ∑‘È߉«âª√–¡“≥ 2-3 «—π ®–æ∫«à“‡°‘¥ °√–∫«π°“√À¡—° —߇°µ‰¥â ‚ ¥¬¡’ § «“¡√â Õ π∑’Ë Ÿ ß ¢÷È π ∑‘È ß‰«â ª√–¡“≥ 4-6 —ª¥“Àå §«“¡√âÕπ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®–À“¬‰ªÀ√◊ÕÕ“® ‡√Á«°«à“π’È °“√°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬®å –¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß ÿ¥‡¡◊ÕË ‰ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘π ¡’ πÈ” Àπ— ° 2 °‘‚≈°√—¡ µàÕ®”π«π¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑’ˇ√‘Ë¡∫Ÿ¥·≈â« ª√‘¡“≥ 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ °“√‡√‘Ë¡µâπ¥â«¬ª√‘¡“≥ ‰ â ‡ ¥◊ Õ π„πÕ— µ √“π’È ® –‡ªì π «‘ ∏’ ° “√∑’Ë ¡’ §à “ „™â ®à “ ¬§à Õ π¢â “ ß Ÿ ß ¥—ßπ—πÈ „π√–¬–‡µ√’¬¡°“√®÷ߧ«√¡’ª√‘¡“≥‰ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘πÕ¬à“ßπâÕ1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ µàÕæ◊Èπ∑’Ë 1 µ“√“߇¡µ√ ´÷Ëß„™â√–¬–‡«≈“ª√–¡“≥ 4-6 —ª¥“Àå °Á®–∑”„Àâª√‘¡“≥‰ ⇥◊Õπ‡æ‘Ë¡®”π«π¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß √«¥‡√Á« ·≈–∑«’®”π«π¡“°¢÷πÈ µ“¡ ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’‡Ë À¡“– ¡ ª√‘ ¡ “≥¢¬– ¥∑’Ë § «√‡µ√’ ¬ ¡„Àâ ‰ â ‡ ¥◊ Õ π¥‘ π §«√®–¡’ °“√‡µ√’¬¡°“√À¡—°„Àâ‡√‘Ë¡∫Ÿ¥‡ ’¬°àÕπ °àÕπ∑’Ë®–π”¡“„ à„π °√–∫–‡≈’Ȭ߉ ⇥◊Õπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰ ⇥◊Õπ‰¡à°‘π¢Õß ¥ ‰ ⇥◊Õπ °‘πÕ“À“√¥â«¬°“√¥Ÿ¥‡¢â“‰ª„π√à“ß°“¬®÷ß°‘π‰¥â‡©æ“–¢Õß∑’Ë ‡√‘Ë¡∫Ÿ¥‡πà“·≈–°”≈—ß ≈“¬µ—«‡ªìπ¢Õ߇À≈« ‰ â ‡ ¥◊ Õ π “¬æ— π ∏ÿå ‰ ∑¬ Pheretima Peguana ·≈– Pheretima Posthum ®–°‘πÕ“À“√‡©≈’ˬ 120-150 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡ /πÈ”Àπ—°µ—« 1 °√—¡/«—π ∑—Èßπ’ȇπ◊ËÕß®“°ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬Õ¬Ÿà„π‡¢µ √âÕπ ‚¥¬ª°µ‘‰ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘𠓬æ—π∏ÿ‰å ∑¬ 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ ®–¡’®”π«π ª√–¡“≥ 1,200 µ—« ®÷ߧ«√‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√ª√–¡“≥ 120-150 °√—¡/«—π À≈—°°“√„π°“√®—¥°“√‚√߇√◊Õπ„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡°Á§◊Õ °“√ 欓¬“¡§«∫§ÿ¡‰¡à„À⇰‘¥§«“¡√âÕπ¢÷πÈ „π°√–∫–∑’‰Ë ⇥◊Õπ¥‘π Õ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà ”À√—∫‡∑§π‘§°“√·¬°‰ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘πÕÕ°®“°ªÿܬÀ¡—° ¡Ÿ≈ —µ«å™π‘¥π’πÈ π—È ¥√.Õ“π—∞ ∫Õ°«à“ “¡“√∂∑”‰¥âÀ≈“¬‡∑§π‘§ ‡™àπ °“√„™â· ߉ø‰≈à ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘π‰¡à™Õ∫· ß À√◊Õ „™âµ–·°√ß√àÕπ¥â«¬¡◊Õ°Á‰¥â

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¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’™“«∫â“π ©∫—∫«—π∑’Ë 1 °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å 2548 ªï∑’Ë 17 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 352 ‚¥¬ ‰™¬ àÕßÕ“™’æ

be fully used in agricultural productioné The bedding for earthworm should be prepared.

In general, fresh organic materials, especially those that are green vegetables, weed, and fresh litter, are used to be 6-inch-thick base of the tank. About 2 inches of manure are covered on top and calcium hydroxide is sprinkled around. And then add some moisture about 20% of the weight of fresh waste or water it but water logging should be avoided. Around 2-3 days later the composting process is carried out, observed by high heat level. Leave it for about 4-6 weeks or sooner, the heat will be disappeared.

The decomposition of organic wastes will be most effective when the earthworm weighs 2 kilograms per 1 kilogram of rotting organic waste. However, to start the composting with this amount of earthworm costs quite a lot, so in the preparation stage, 1 kilogram of earthworm per square meter is required. With approximately 4-6 weeks, the number of earthworm will increase quickly based on suitable environment.

The amount of fresh waste for feeding earthworm should be in the process of composting before putting them in the earthworm bin. This is because the earthworm wonût feed on fresh material. The earthworm consumes by sucking into the body so they can eat only rotting debris and those being decomposed to liquid.

The Thai species of earthworm, Pheretima peguana and Pheretima posthum, consume 120-150 milligram of food per 1 gram of weight per day on average. For Thailand is in the tropical region, 1 kilo of Thai earthworm commonly consists of 1,200 of earthworms so they should consume about 120-150 milligram per day.

The principle of household plant management is that try to control the heat in the bin that raises the earthworm. For the technique of separating earthworm from the dung manure, Dr.Anath said that there are a number of ways to do so such as the use of light because the earthworm doesnût like the light or use a screen to sieve by hand.

Source: Folk Technology Newspaper, February 1st 2005, Year 17, Volume 352

by Chai Songacheep

71 67-71/Techno

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√». ¥√. ¡™—¬ ®—π∑√å «à“ß

‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬«

«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ ‡ªìπ·¡≈ß„πµ√–°Ÿ≈·¡≈ß “∫ ´÷ßË ¡’°«à“ 4,000 ™π‘¥ à«π„À≠à¡—°®–√Ÿâ®—°°—π„π¥â“π‡ªìπ»—µ√Ÿ∑”≈“¬æ◊™·≈– ‡ªìπæ“À–π”‚√§ ·µà∫“ß™π‘¥°≈—∫‰¡à¡’Õ—πµ√“¬µàÕæ◊™ ·≈– ∫“ß™π‘¥ “¡“√∂π”¡“‡≈’¬È ߇ªìπ —µ«å‡≈’¬È ߉¥â ´÷ßË Àπ÷ßË „ππ—πÈ §◊Õ ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ ·¡≈ß·°≈∫¡’¢π“¥§«“¡¬“«ª√–¡“≥ 3/4 π‘È« ¡’ π’ È”µ“≈®π∂÷ß ’¥” ªï°§Ÿ·à √°¡’ Õ’ Õà π°«à“ ’≈”µ—« ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ °‘πÕ“À“√∑ÿ°™π‘¥∑’‡Ë ªìπÕ‘π∑√’¬«å µ— ∂ÿ À√◊Õ ‘ßË ∑’§Ë √—ßÈ Àπ÷ßË ‡§¬¡’™«’ µ‘ ‡™à𠇻…æ◊™ ‡»…º—° ‡»…Õ“À“√ ¡Ÿ≈ —µ«åµà“ßÊ ´÷Ëß√«¡¡Ÿ≈ —µ«å ‡≈’È¬ß ‡™àπ ¡Ÿ≈ ÿπ—¢ ·≈–¡Ÿ≈·¡« À“°‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å«‘∏’°“√Õ◊ËπÊ Õ“∑‘ °“√‡≈’Ȭ߉ ⇥◊Õπ ´÷Ëß°”≈—߇ªìπ∑’Ë π„®·≈–‡ªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫ °—π«à“∑”ß“π‰¥âÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ·≈â« ·¡≈ß·°≈∫¬‘ßË ∑”ß“π ‰¥â‡√Á«°«à“¡“° ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ “¡“√∂°‘π¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å ¥‰¥â ‚¥‰¡àµÕâ ß√Õ„Àâ®≈ÿ π‘ ∑√’¬∑å ”ß“π°àÕπ ·≈– “¡“√∂°‘π¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å ∑’‰Ë ⇥◊Õπ‰¡à “¡“√∂®–∑”‰¥â ‡™à𠇻…Õ“À“√®”æ«°‰¢¡—π ·≈– ‡»…‡π◊È Õ µ—«·¡≈ß·°≈∫‡Õß°Á¡’ª√–‚¬™πå “¡“√∂𔉪„™â ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√„™â‰ ⇥◊Õπ §◊Õ ‡ªìπ‡À¬◊ËÕµ°‡∫Á¥ Õ“À“√ª≈“ ‡≈’Ȭ߉°à ‡≈’Ȭßπ° ‡≈’Ȭ߰∫ ‡ªìπµâπ ∂â“¡’Õ“À“√„À⇪ìπª√–®” ·¡≈ß·°≈∫®–‰¡àÀπ’ÕÕ°¡“®“°µŸâÀ√◊Õ°√–∫–∑’Ë„™â‡≈’È¬ß ·µà∂â“ À≈ÿ¥ÕÕ°¡“¡—°®–‰¡à¡’™’«‘µ√Õ¥ ‡æ√“–·¡≈ß·°≈∫¡’»—µ√Ÿ„π ∏√√¡™“µ‘Õ¬Ÿà¡“° ‡™àπ π° ‰°à ®‘Èß®° ®‘È߇À≈π §“ß§° °∫ Õ÷ßË Õà“ß √«¡∂÷ß¡¥°‘π‡π◊ÕÈ ™π‘¥µà“ßÊ ´÷ßË ∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ ‘ßË ∑’∏Ë √√¡™“µ‘ ¡Õ∫„Àâ · °à ¡ πÿ … ¬å „ π√–¬–∑’Ë ¢ ¬–‡ªì π ªí ≠ À“¢Õß∑ÿ ° ·Àà ß ¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ ‡°…µ√»“ µ√å ‡ Õß°Á ‡ ªì π ‡æ’ ¬ ߺŸâ §‘ ¥ §â π °“√„™â ª√–‚¬™π宓°·¡≈ß·°≈∫„π°“√°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å ·µà¬—ß¡’ ‡√◊ËÕß∑’˵âÕß»÷°…“°—πÕ’°¡“° ‡™àπ §ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õß¡Ÿ≈·¡≈ß·°≈∫ „π·ßàªÿܬÀ¡—° °“√‡ªì𵗫𔇙◊ÈÕ‚√§·≈–§à“µà“ßÊ ∑“ߥâ“π «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ∑’Ë¡“¢ÕߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈ Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’™“«∫â“π Àπâ“ 32 «—π∑’Ë 15 °√°Æ“§¡ æ.». 2548 ªï∑’Ë 17 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 363 ‚¥¬ ®ÿ‰√ ‡°‘¥§«π

novel process of waste disposal. The person finding this method is Associate Professor Dr.Somchai Chantsavang, Vice President of Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakonnakhon Province Campus and a faculty member of Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University.

Surinam cockroach is an insect in the cockroach family which has more than 4,000 species. They are commonly known for its destructive side to vegetation and a carrier-disease but some of them are not detriment to the vegetation. Some can be raised as pet as well and among these is Surinam cockroach. Surinam cockroach is inch long, brown to black color with the color of its first pair of wings lighter than that of its body. It consumes almost all of the food both organic materials and once a living creatures such as crop residues, vegetable residues, food residues, animal dung, including domestic animal dung like those of dogs and cats.

Compared with other methods of organic waste disposal like raising the earthworm, a recently interesting and acceptable method of effective waste disposal, the Surinam cockroach works even faster. It can feed on both fresh organic wastes, without waiting for microorganisms to kick in, and other organic wastes unable to be consumed by the earthworm like fat-contained food residues and meat residues. The Surinam cockroach itself is beneficial, that is, it can be used the same way as its counterpart, which is fish bait, food for fish, chicken, bird, and frog, etc. If regularly fed, it will not escape from the raising container or raising bin.

However, if it does come out, it usually cannot survive because there are a number of natural predators like birds, chickens, house lizards, skinks, toads, frogs, bullfrogs, including other meat-eating ants. This is viewed as a gift from nature to human during the period of landfill problem. Kasetsart University is just the inventor who takes advantage of the Surinam cockroach in disposing of organic wastes. However, there are still a lot to learn, for example, the quality of cockroach dung in terms of fermented fertilizer, the carrier of diseases, and other scientific values.

Source: Folk Technology Newspaper, Page 32, July 15th 2005, Year 17, Volume 363,

by Urai Gerdkaun.

68 67-71/Techno

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√». ¥√. ¡™—¬ ®—π∑√å «à“ß

‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬«

«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ ‡ªìπ·¡≈ß„πµ√–°Ÿ≈·¡≈ß “∫ ´÷ßË ¡’°«à“ 4,000 ™π‘¥ à«π„À≠à¡—°®–√Ÿâ®—°°—π„π¥â“π‡ªìπ»—µ√Ÿ∑”≈“¬æ◊™·≈– ‡ªìπæ“À–π”‚√§ ·µà∫“ß™π‘¥°≈—∫‰¡à¡’Õ—πµ√“¬µàÕæ◊™ ·≈– ∫“ß™π‘¥ “¡“√∂π”¡“‡≈’¬È ߇ªìπ —µ«å‡≈’¬È ߉¥â ´÷ßË Àπ÷ßË „ππ—πÈ §◊Õ ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ ·¡≈ß·°≈∫¡’¢π“¥§«“¡¬“«ª√–¡“≥ 3/4 π‘È« ¡’ π’ È”µ“≈®π∂÷ß ’¥” ªï°§Ÿ·à √°¡’ Õ’ Õà π°«à“ ’≈”µ—« ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ °‘πÕ“À“√∑ÿ°™π‘¥∑’‡Ë ªìπÕ‘π∑√’¬«—µ∂ÿ À√◊Õ ‘ßË ∑’§Ë √—ßÈ Àπ÷ßË ‡§¬¡’™«’ µ‘ ‡™à𠇻…æ◊™ ‡»…º—° ‡»…Õ“À“√ ¡Ÿ≈ —µ«åµà“ßÊ ´÷Ëß√«¡¡Ÿ≈ —µ«å ‡≈’È¬ß ‡™àπ ¡Ÿ≈ ÿπ—¢ ·≈–¡Ÿ≈·¡« À“°‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å«‘∏’°“√Õ◊ËπÊ Õ“∑‘ °“√‡≈’Ȭ߉ ⇥◊Õπ ´÷Ëß°”≈—߇ªìπ∑’Ë π„®·≈–‡ªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫ °—π«à“∑”ß“π‰¥âÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ·≈â« ·¡≈ß·°≈∫¬‘ßË ∑”ß“π ‰¥â‡√Á«°«à“¡“° ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ “¡“√∂°‘π¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å ¥‰¥â ‚¥‰¡àµÕâ ß√Õ„Àâ®≈ÿ π‘ ∑√’¬∑å ”ß“π°àÕπ ·≈– “¡“√∂°‘π¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å ∑’‰Ë ⇥◊Õπ‰¡à “¡“√∂®–∑”‰¥â ‡™à𠇻…Õ“À“√®”æ«°‰¢¡—π ·≈– ‡»…‡π◊È Õ µ—«·¡≈ß·°≈∫‡Õß°Á¡’ª√–‚¬™πå “¡“√∂𔉪„™â ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√„™â‰ ⇥◊Õπ §◊Õ ‡ªìπ‡À¬◊ËÕµ°‡∫Á¥ Õ“À“√ª≈“ ‡≈’Ȭ߉°à ‡≈’Ȭßπ° ‡≈’Ȭ߰∫ ‡ªìπµâπ ∂â“¡’Õ“À“√„À⇪ìπª√–®” ·¡≈ß·°≈∫®–‰¡àÀπ’ÕÕ°¡“®“°µŸâÀ√◊Õ°√–∫–∑’Ë„™â‡≈’È¬ß ·µà∂â“ À≈ÿ¥ÕÕ°¡“¡—°®–‰¡à¡’™’«‘µ√Õ¥ ‡æ√“–·¡≈ß·°≈∫¡’»—µ√Ÿ„π ∏√√¡™“µ‘Õ¬Ÿà¡“° ‡™àπ π° ‰°à ®‘Èß®° ®‘È߇À≈π §“ß§° °∫ Õ÷ßË Õà“ß √«¡∂÷ß¡¥°‘π‡π◊ÕÈ ™π‘¥µà“ßÊ ´÷ßË ∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ ‘ßË ∑’∏Ë √√¡™“µ‘ ¡Õ∫„Àâ · °à ¡ πÿ … ¬å „ π√–¬–∑’Ë ¢ ¬–‡ªì π ªí ≠ À“¢Õß∑ÿ ° ·Àà ß ¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ ‡°…µ√»“ µ√å ‡ Õß°Á ‡ ªì π ‡æ’ ¬ ߺŸâ §‘ ¥ §â π °“√„™â ª√–‚¬™π宓°·¡≈ß·°≈∫„π°“√°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å ·µà¬—ß¡’ ‡√◊ËÕß∑’˵âÕß»÷°…“°—πÕ’°¡“° ‡™àπ §ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õß¡Ÿ≈·¡≈ß·°≈∫ „π·ßàªÿܬÀ¡—° °“√‡ªì𵗫𔇙◊ÈÕ‚√§·≈–§à“µà“ßÊ ∑“ߥâ“π «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ∑’Ë¡“¢ÕߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈ Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’™“«∫â“π Àπâ“ 32 «—π∑’Ë 15 °√°Æ“§¡ æ.». 2548 ªï∑’Ë 17 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 363 ‚¥¬ ®ÿ‰√ ‡°‘¥§«π

novel process of waste disposal. The person finding this method is Associate Professor Dr.Somchai Chantsavang, Vice President of Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakonnakhon Province Campus and a faculty member of Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University.

Surinam cockroach is an insect in the cockroach family which has more than 4,000 species. They are commonly known for its destructive side to vegetation and a carrier-disease but some of them are not detriment to the vegetation. Some can be raised as pet as well and among these is Surinam cockroach. Surinam cockroach is inch long, brown to black color with the color of its first pair of wings lighter than that of its body. It consumes almost all of the food both organic materials and once a living creatures such as crop residues, vegetable residues, food residues, animal dung, including domestic animal dung like those of dogs and cats.

Compared with other methods of organic waste disposal like raising the earthworm, a recently interesting and acceptable method of effective waste disposal, the Surinam cockroach works even faster. It can feed on both fresh organic wastes, without waiting for microorganisms to kick in, and other organic wastes unable to be consumed by the earthworm like fat-contained food residues and meat residues. The Surinam cockroach itself is beneficial, that is, it can be used the same way as its counterpart, which is fish bait, food for fish, chicken, bird, and frog, etc. If regularly fed, it will not escape from the raising container or raising bin.

However, if it does come out, it usually cannot survive because there are a number of natural predators like birds, chickens, house lizards, skinks, toads, frogs, bullfrogs, including other meat-eating ants. This is viewed as a gift from nature to human during the period of landfill problem. Kasetsart University is just the inventor who takes advantage of the Surinam cockroach in disposing of organic wastes. However, there are still a lot to learn, for example, the quality of cockroach dung in terms of fermented fertilizer, the carrier of diseases, and other scientific values.

Source: Folk Technology Newspaper, Page 32, July 15th 2005, Year 17, Volume 363,

by Urai Gerdkaun.

68 67-71/Techno

68

16/12/05, 5:31 PM

➤

‰ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘πº≈‘µªÿ¬Ü ¢®—¥¢¬– ➤ Earthworm Produces Fertilizer and Disposes of Wastes Intestinal Worm is among a name of many invertebrate animals, some of which have segmented body while some donût such as earthworm. Earthworm, having segmented body, can be found on the fertilized soil and under piles of trash.

Mermithid nematode, without ringed body, is a parasite to roots of vegetables, beans, and plants.

The benefits of earthworm lie not only in enhancing better soil quality but also being used for such animal feeds as fish, birds, ducks, chicken, and etc.

The earthworm feeds on non-living things but it decomposes rotting organic materials particularly organic materials with high nitrogen in composition.

In 1998 Dr.Anath Tonso, Department of Soil and Environmental Resources, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, has seen its benefits so he has conducted the research with support from the Office of National Science and Technology Development, Northern Network. It turns out to be a very successful one, that is, the earthworm is able to decompose waste materials fast and excrete cast manure, a high quality fertilizer, as well.

From the result of the experiment, 1 kilo of earthworm can dispose 1 kilo of vegetable residues or wastes within 24 hours. This process, however, canût be spread to those interested because the price of foreign earthworm species is very expensive and more important it might have affected the ecology system or caused the change to local earthworm species. Later the Thai earthworm, called çKitarae,é consuming a lot of food and well resistant to the environment, has been developed.

Compared with that of the foreign one, it has found out that the Thai earthworm (Kitarae) feeds on food 1 time less than that of its counterpart. Therefore, the Thai

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‰ ⇥◊Õ𠇪ìπ™◊ËÕ¢Õß —µ«å‰¡à¡’ °√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ßÀ≈“¬™π‘¥ ∫“ß™π‘¥ ≈”µ— « ¡’ ª ≈â Õ ß ∫“ß™π‘ ¥‰¡à¡’ ‡™àπ ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π ≈”µ—«‡ªìπª≈âÕß ¡—°¡’ ™ÿ ° ™ÿ ¡ µ“¡¥‘ π ™◊È π √à « π´ÿ ¬ µ“¡„µâ °Õߢ¬–¡Ÿ ≈ ΩÕ¬ ‰ â ‡ ¥◊ Õ πΩÕ√“°ªπ ≈”µ—«‡ªìπ√‘È«‰¡à‡ªìπª≈âÕß ‡ªìπª√ ‘µµ“¡√“°º—° ∂—«Ë ·≈–µâπ‰¡â ª√–‚¬™πå ¢ Õ߉ â ‡ ¥◊ Õ π¥‘ π ‰¡à‡æ’¬ß™à«¬ª√—∫ª√ÿߧÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õߥ‘π„À⥒¢÷Èπ‡∑à“π—Èπ ·µà¬—ß “¡“√∂π”¡“„™â‡ªìπÕ“À“√ —µ«å Õ“∑‘ ª≈“ π° ‡ªì¥ ·≈–‰°à œ≈œ ‰¥âÕ’°¥â«Õ“À“√¢Õ߉ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘ππ—Èπ ®–‰¡à°‘π¢Õß¡’™’«‘µ ·µà‡¢â“ ¬àÕ¬ “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑’ˇ√‘Ë¡‡πà“‡ªóòÕ¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“– “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑’Ë¡’ ª√‘¡“≥‰π‚µ√‡®π‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫Õ¬Ÿà Ÿß ‡¡◊Ë Õ ªï æ.». 2541 ¥√.Õ“π— ∞ µ— π‚´ ·Àà ß ¿“§«‘ ™ “ ∑√—欓°√¥‘π·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ §≥–º≈‘µ°√√¡°“√‡°…µ√ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬·¡à‚®â ‰¥â‡≈Á߇ÀÁπª√–‚¬™πå¢Õ߉ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘π ®÷߉¥â ∑”°“√»÷ ° …“«‘ ®— ¬ ‚¥¬‰¥â √— ∫ °“√ π— ∫ πÿ π ®“° ”π— ° ß“π æ—≤π“«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·Ààß™“µ‘ ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ ´÷Ë ß ª√“°Ø«à “ ª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á ® ‡ªì π Õ¬à “ ß¡“° °≈à “ «§◊ Õ ‰ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘π “¡“√∂°”®—¥¢¬–‰¥âÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« ·≈–¬—ß∂à“¬¡Ÿ≈ ‡ªìπªÿܬ∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥¿“æÕ’°¥â«®“°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õ߉ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘π 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ “¡“√∂ °”®—¥‡»…º—°À√◊Õ¢¬– 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ ‰¥â¿“¬„π 24 ™—«Ë ‚¡ß ·µà«∏‘ °’ “√ π’È°≈—∫‰¡à “¡“√∂¢¬“¬º≈ ŸàºŸâ∑’Ë π„®‰¥â ‡æ√“–√“§“´◊ÈÕ¢“‰ â ‡ ¥◊ Õ πæ— π ∏ÿå µà “ ߪ√–‡∑»·æß ·≈–∑’Ë ”§— ≠ Õ“®®–∑”„Àâ √–∫∫𑇫»«‘∑¬“À√◊Õ “¬æ—π∏ÿå‰ â‡¥◊Õπæ◊Èπ‡¡◊Õ߇ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß ‰ª‰¥â µàÕ¡“‰¥âæ—≤π“À“ “¬æ—π∏åÿ‰∑¬∑’Ë°‘πÕ“À“√‡°àß·≈–∑π µàÕ ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡‰¥â¥’ ™◊ËÕ ç§‘µ–·√àé ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫ æ—π∏ÿåµà“ߪ√–‡∑»π—Èπ æ∫«à“‰ ⇥◊Õπ‰∑¬ (§‘µ–·√à) °‘πÕ“À“√ πâ Õ ¬°«à “ ‡°◊ Õ ∫‡∑à “ µ— « ´÷Ë ß µâ Õ ßæ— ≤ π“ª√— ∫ ª√ÿ ß “¬æ— π ∏ÿå ‰ ⇥◊Õπ‰∑¬ ‚¥¬§—¥æ—π∏ÿå∑’Ë°‘πÕ“À“√‡°àßÊ ·≈–®–¢¬“¬æ—π∏ÿå „À⇰…µ√°√À√◊ÕºŸâ π„®∑—Ë«‰ª ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√™à«¬°—πº≈‘µªÿÜ√“§“∂Ÿ°·≈–™à«¬°”®—¥¢¬–Õ’°∑“ßÀπ÷Ëß ‰ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘π∑’Ëæ∫¡“°„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–·∂∫‡Õ‡™’¬Õ“§‡π¬å ‰¥â·°à Pheretima Peguana ·≈– Pheretima Posthum ≈—°…≥–¿“¬πÕ°¢Õ߉ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘π®–‡ªìπª≈âÕßµ—Èß·µàÀ—«®π∂÷ß

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à«π∑⓬¢Õß√à“ß°“¬ ¡’√Ÿª√à“ß∑√ß°√–∫Õ°¬“« À—«∑⓬‡√’¬« ·À≈¡ ¬“«ª√–¡“≥ 10-20 ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√ ‡¡◊ÕË ‚µ‡µÁ¡∑’®Ë –¡’ 120 ª≈âÕß ¡’™àÕß√–À«à“ߪ≈âÕߧ—Ëπ·µà≈–ª≈âÕ߉«â ·µà≈–ª≈âÕß¡’ ‡¥◊Õ¬‡≈Á°Ê ‡√’¬ßÕ¬Ÿªà √–¡“≥ 56 Õ—π ‰¡à¡ ’ «à πÀ—«∑’™Ë ¥— ‡®π ‰¡à¡’ µ“ ‰¡à¡’À𫥇À¡◊Õπ„πµ—«·¡à‡æ√’¬ß ·µà¡’‰§≈‡µ≈≈—¡ ‡¡◊ËÕ∂÷ß √–¬– ◊∫æ—π∏ÿ‰å §≈‡µ≈≈—¡®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â™¥— ‡®πÕ¬Ÿµà √ߪ≈âÕß∑’Ë 14-16 °“√∑’Ë ® –π”‰ â ‡ ¥◊ Õ π¡“‡≈’È ¬ ߇æ◊Ë Õ °”®— ¥ ¢¬–Õ‘ π ∑√’ ¬å √«¡∂÷ß°”®—¥«— ¥ÿ‡À≈◊Õ„™â∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√ ®÷߇ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’ˇªìπ‰ª‰¥â ∂â“√Ÿâ®—°¥—¥·ª≈ß ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡°—∫°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õß ‰ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘π ´÷Ëß¿“™π–∑’Ëπ”¡“‡≈’Ȭ߉ ⇥◊Õππ—Èπ ®–¡’∑—Èß∑’ˇªìπ ∫àÕ¥‘π∂—ß °√–∂“ß °≈àÕß ∂ÿß À√◊Õ∂—ߢ¬– √àÕßπÈ” °√–∫– À√◊Õ «— ¥ÿÕ’°À≈“¬Ê ™π‘¥°Á‰¥â ·≈â«·µà§«“¡ –¥«°é ¡¡ÿµ‘«à“µâÕß°“√°”®—¥¢¬– ¥®“°™ÿ¡™π∑’Ë¡’Õ—µ√“ 5 µ—π µàÕ«—π ‡√“µâÕ߇µ√’¬¡æ◊Èπ∑’Ë∫àÕÀ¡—°ª√–¡“≥ 100 µ“√“߇¡µ√ (‚¥¬§‘¥§à“§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õߢ¬– ¥‡∑à“°—∫ 0.5 µ—π µà Õ ≈Ÿ°∫“»°å‡¡µ√) §«“¡ Ÿß¢Õß°√–∫–§«√Õ¬Ÿµà ß—È ·µà 0.8-1.0 ‡¡µ√ ‡æ◊ËÕ„ÀâªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π‰¥âßà“¬ ‚¥¬¡’§«“¡°«â“ߪ√–¡“≥ 1 ‡¡µ√ ·≈–§«“¡¬“«∑’ˉ¡à®”°—¥ 碬– ¥®–¡’ πÈ” ‡ªì π Õß§å ª √–°Õ∫‰¡à πâ Õ ¬°«à “ 80 ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå ¥—ßπ—Èπ „π¢≥–∑’ËÀ¡—°·≈–°“√ ≈“¬¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å ‚¥¬‰ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘π ®–¡’¢Õ߇À≈«À√◊ÕπÈ”À¡—°®“°¡Ÿ≈‰ ⇥◊Õπ ‰À≈ÕÕ°¡“®“°°Õߢ¬–®”π«π¡“° °“√ √â“ß∫àÕ√«∫√«¡ πÈ”À¡—°®“°¡Ÿ≈‰ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘π®÷߇ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë®”‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¡“° ®– ∑”„ÀâπÈ”À¡—°‰¡à·™à¢—ßÕ¬Ÿà„π‚√ߺ≈‘µªÿܬÀ¡—° ´÷Ëß∑”„À≠⇥◊Õπ ®–Àπ’¢÷Èπ¡“Õ¬Ÿà‡Àπ◊ÕπÈ” ‡π◊ËÕß®“°À“¬„®‰¡àÕÕ° ´÷ËßπÈ”À¡—° ‡À≈à“π’¡È ·’ √à∏“µÿÕ“À“√·≈–ª√‘¡“≥®ÿ≈π‘ ∑√’¬Õå ¬Ÿ‡à ªìπ®”π«π¡“° ‚¥¬∑—«Ë ‰ª°“√À¡—°∑’ Ë ¡∫Ÿ√≥å®–∑”„ÀâπÈ”À¡—°∑’‰Ë ¥â‰¡à¡°’ ≈‘πË ‡À¡Áπ ·≈– “¡“√∂𔉪„™â„π°“√º≈‘µæ◊™‰¥âÕ¬à“ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥åé ‡µ√’¬¡«— ¥ÿ√Õßæ◊Èπ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ∑’ËÕ“»—¬¢Õ߉ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘π ‚¥∑—«Ë ‰ª¡—°®–„™â« — ¥ÿÕπ‘ ∑√’¬ å ¥Ê ‡ªìπ«— ¥ÿ√Õßæ◊πÈ Àπ“ª√–¡“≥ 6 π‘È« ‚¥¬‡πâπ à«π∑’ˇªìπº—° ’‡¢’¬« «—™æ◊™ ¢¬– ¥ ‚¥¬®–„™â ªÿܬ§Õ°‚√¬∫πÀπâ“„ÀâÀπ“ª√–¡“≥ 2 π‘È« ‚√¬ªŸπ¢“«„Àâ∑—Ë«

earthworm specie must be developed and selected only the one that has high consumption and then it will be bred to farmers or other interested people in order to help produce cheap fertilizer and at the same time dispose of wastes.

The earthworm commonly found in Thailand and South East Asia region are Pheretima peguana and Pheretima posthum. The earthwormûs external feature is segmented from head to the end of its body. Its feature is long cylinder with tapering pointed head and tail, approximately 10-20 centimeter long. When matured, there will be about 120 segmentations with a gap in between each segment, each of which has a small setae set along, a total of about 56 setae. Neither head nor tail can be clearly identified. It has neither eyes nor feelers as clam worm but it has clitellum.

While reaching its reproductive stage, clitellum can be visibly seen at the 14th-16th ring.

Raising worm in order to dispose of organic wastes including agricultural residues is possible if we know how to adapt the environment suitable for the growth of earthworm. The containers to raise earthworm are a clay tank, a pot, a box, a bag or waste bin, a drain, a tray, or any other materials depending on the convenience.

Supposing a fresh waste of community with the rate of 5 tons per day is required to be gotten rid of, we are to prepare a fermenting tank about 100 m2 (the density rate equal to 0.5 ton per m3), with 0.8-1.0 meter high, about 1 meter long and unlimited wide for easier operation. çFresh litter contains water no less than 80% of its composition. Therefore, while being composted and decomposed by the earthworm, a lot of liquid or compost water from the earthworm dung will be excreted from piles of litter. The construction of a pit to store the compost water from the earthworm is a must. This will prevent compost water from being logged inside the fermented fertilizer. If this persists, it will cause the earthworm to try to escape above the surface level due to inability to breathe. This compost water is highly rich in nutrients and microorganism. Generally, a complete fermentation produces odorless compost water and can

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∫√‘ ‡ «≥ ·≈â « ®÷ ß „Àâ § «“¡™◊È π ‡≈Á ° πâ Õ ª√–¡“≥ 20 ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå ¢ÕßπÈ”Àπ—°¢¬– ¥À√◊Õ„À⇪אּ™ÿà¡ ·µà‰¡à„Àâ¡’πÈ”·™à¢—ß ∑‘È߉«âª√–¡“≥ 2-3 «—π ®–æ∫«à“‡°‘¥ °√–∫«π°“√À¡—° —߇°µ‰¥â ‚ ¥¬¡’ § «“¡√â Õ π∑’Ë Ÿ ß ¢÷È π ∑‘È ß‰«â ª√–¡“≥ 4-6 —ª¥“Àå §«“¡√âÕπ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®–À“¬‰ªÀ√◊ÕÕ“® ‡√Á«°«à“π’È °“√°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬®å –¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß ÿ¥‡¡◊ÕË ‰ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘π ¡’ πÈ” Àπ— ° 2 °‘‚≈°√—¡ µàÕ®”π«π¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑’ˇ√‘Ë¡∫Ÿ¥·≈â« ª√‘¡“≥ 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ °“√‡√‘Ë¡µâπ¥â«¬ª√‘¡“≥ ‰ â ‡ ¥◊ Õ π„πÕ— µ √“π’È ® –‡ªì π «‘ ∏’ ° “√∑’Ë ¡’ §à “ „™â ®à “ ¬§à Õ π¢â “ ß Ÿ ß ¥—ßπ—πÈ „π√–¬–‡µ√’¬¡°“√®÷ߧ«√¡’ª√‘¡“≥‰ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘πÕ¬à“ßπâÕ1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ µàÕæ◊Èπ∑’Ë 1 µ“√“߇¡µ√ ´÷Ëß„™â√–¬–‡«≈“ª√–¡“≥ 4-6 —ª¥“Àå °Á®–∑”„Àâª√‘¡“≥‰ ⇥◊Õπ‡æ‘Ë¡®”π«π¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß √«¥‡√Á« ·≈–∑«’®”π«π¡“°¢÷πÈ µ“¡ ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’‡Ë À¡“– ¡ ª√‘ ¡ “≥¢¬– ¥∑’Ë § «√‡µ√’ ¬ ¡„Àâ ‰ â ‡ ¥◊ Õ π¥‘ π §«√®–¡’ °“√‡µ√’¬¡°“√À¡—°„Àâ‡√‘Ë¡∫Ÿ¥‡ ’¬°àÕπ °àÕπ∑’Ë®–π”¡“„ à„π °√–∫–‡≈’Ȭ߉ ⇥◊Õπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰ ⇥◊Õπ‰¡à°‘π¢Õß ¥ ‰ ⇥◊Õπ °‘πÕ“À“√¥â«¬°“√¥Ÿ¥‡¢â“‰ª„π√à“ß°“¬®÷ß°‘π‰¥â‡©æ“–¢Õß∑’Ë ‡√‘Ë¡∫Ÿ¥‡πà“·≈–°”≈—ß ≈“¬µ—«‡ªìπ¢Õ߇À≈« ‰ â ‡ ¥◊ Õ π “¬æ— π ∏ÿå ‰ ∑¬ Pheretima Peguana ·≈– Pheretima Posthum ®–°‘πÕ“À“√‡©≈’ˬ 120-150 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡ /πÈ”Àπ—°µ—« 1 °√—¡/«—π ∑—Èßπ’ȇπ◊ËÕß®“°ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬Õ¬Ÿà„π‡¢µ √âÕπ ‚¥¬ª°µ‘‰ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘𠓬æ—π∏ÿ‰å ∑¬ 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ ®–¡’®”π«π ª√–¡“≥ 1,200 µ—« ®÷ߧ«√‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√ª√–¡“≥ 120-150 °√—¡/«—π À≈—°°“√„π°“√®—¥°“√‚√߇√◊Õπ„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡°Á§◊Õ °“√ 欓¬“¡§«∫§ÿ¡‰¡à„À⇰‘¥§«“¡√âÕπ¢÷πÈ „π°√–∫–∑’‰Ë ⇥◊Õπ¥‘π Õ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà ”À√—∫‡∑§π‘§°“√·¬°‰ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘πÕÕ°®“°ªÿܬÀ¡—° ¡Ÿ≈ —µ«å™π‘¥π’πÈ π—È ¥√.Õ“π—∞ ∫Õ°«à“ “¡“√∂∑”‰¥âÀ≈“¬‡∑§π‘§ ‡™àπ °“√„™â· ߉ø‰≈à ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰ ⇥◊Õπ¥‘π‰¡à™Õ∫· ß À√◊Õ „™âµ–·°√ß√àÕπ¥â«¬¡◊Õ°Á‰¥â

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¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’™“«∫â“π ©∫—∫«—π∑’Ë 1 °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å 2548 ªï∑’Ë 17 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 352 ‚¥¬ ‰™¬ àÕßÕ“™’æ

be fully used in agricultural productioné The bedding for earthworm should be prepared.

In general, fresh organic materials, especially those that are green vegetables, weed, and fresh litter, are used to be 6-inch-thick base of the tank. About 2 inches of manure are covered on top and calcium hydroxide is sprinkled around. And then add some moisture about 20% of the weight of fresh waste or water it but water logging should be avoided. Around 2-3 days later the composting process is carried out, observed by high heat level. Leave it for about 4-6 weeks or sooner, the heat will be disappeared.

The decomposition of organic wastes will be most effective when the earthworm weighs 2 kilograms per 1 kilogram of rotting organic waste. However, to start the composting with this amount of earthworm costs quite a lot, so in the preparation stage, 1 kilogram of earthworm per square meter is required. With approximately 4-6 weeks, the number of earthworm will increase quickly based on suitable environment.

The amount of fresh waste for feeding earthworm should be in the process of composting before putting them in the earthworm bin. This is because the earthworm wonût feed on fresh material. The earthworm consumes by sucking into the body so they can eat only rotting debris and those being decomposed to liquid.

The Thai species of earthworm, Pheretima peguana and Pheretima posthum, consume 120-150 milligram of food per 1 gram of weight per day on average. For Thailand is in the tropical region, 1 kilo of Thai earthworm commonly consists of 1,200 of earthworms so they should consume about 120-150 milligram per day.

The principle of household plant management is that try to control the heat in the bin that raises the earthworm. For the technique of separating earthworm from the dung manure, Dr.Anath said that there are a number of ways to do so such as the use of light because the earthworm doesnût like the light or use a screen to sieve by hand.

Source: Folk Technology Newspaper, February 1st 2005, Year 17, Volume 352

by Chai Songacheep

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“¬¥à«π ’‡¢’¬« Green

‚¥¬ : °Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ Expressway by : Editorial Board

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∑’∑Ë “à π∂“¡¡“ À≈Õ¥‰ø°—∫°√–ªÜÕß ‡ª√¬å ®—¥‡ªìπ¢Õ߇ ’Õ—πµ√“¬∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°∫â“π‡√◊Õπ «‘∏’ßà“¬Ê °Á§◊Õ 1. ´◊ÈÕ/„™â‡∑à“∑’Ë®”‡ªìπ 2. ´◊ÕÈ /„™â π‘ §â“∑’‡Ë ªìπ¡‘µ√°—∫ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‘π§â“©≈“°‡¢’¬« ‡™àπ ∂à“π‰ø©“¬ Ÿµ√‰¡àº ¡ “√ª√Õ∑ µŸâ‡¬Áπ©≈“°‡¢’¬« ’ Õ‘¡¡—≈™—π Ÿµ√≈¥ “√æ‘…

3. ´◊ÕÈ /„™â “√ °—¥®“°∏√√¡™“µ‘À√◊Õ ¡ÿπ‰æ√ ·∑π°“√„™â “√‡§¡’∑’Ë —߇§√“–Àå¢÷Èπ Õ“∑‘ æ«°¬“°—π¬ÿßµà“ßÊ œ≈œ 4. ´◊ÕÈ /„™â π‘ §â“∑’„Ë ™â´È”„À¡à‰¥â ‡™àπ ∂à“π‰ø©“¬∑’™Ë “√宄À¡à

This column is open for you, who enjoy reading, to ask any questions. The Editor Team will choose the questions being asked and in trend with the theme of each volume. We then would like to apologize for some questions not yet replied in the magazine but we will allocate the experts of each area to answer your questions by mail.

Q1. We have loads of garbage at home since each one likes to shop, so how to get rid of such garbage as light bulbs and cans of spray.

From what you asked, a light bulb and a can spray are categorized as hazardous household products.

The easy ways to get rid of them are: 1. Buy/Use only what necessary.

2. Buy/Use environmental friendly goods, greenlabel products such as non-mercury battery, greenlabel refrigerator, non toxic formula-emulsion paint 3. Buy/Use natural-extract substances or herbs in place of synthetic chemical substances like those of insecticide, etc.

4. Buy/Use repetitive products such as rechargeable battery, refilled liquid cleaner to reduce the amount of packaging.

5. Donût dispose this hazardous waste with general garbage. Separate them. Itûd even be better if packing them in a box with the writing on it.

6. Donût trash them on the ground, in the drain or in the sources of water.

7. Store them in non-leaking container and wait for the local authority to collect and transport them for disposal.

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‰¥â, „™âπÈ”¬“∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥™π‘¥‡µ‘¡ ‡æ◊ÕË ≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¿“™π– ∫√√®ÿ 5. ‰¡à∑‘ÈߢÕ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬‡À≈à“π’Ȫ–ªπ°—∫¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ∑—Ë«‰ª µâÕß·¬°∑‘Èßµà“ßÀ“°∫√√®ÿ≈ß°≈àÕß·≈⫇¢’¬π°”°—∫‰«â°Á ®–¥’¡“°∑’‡¥’¬« 6. ‰¡à∑‘Èß≈ßæ◊Èπ ∑àÕ√–∫“¬πÈ” À√◊Õ·À≈àßπÈ” 7. ·¬°‡°Á∫‰«â„π¿“™π–∑’ˉ¡à√—Ë«´÷¡ √ÕÀπ૬ߓπ∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ¡“‡°Á∫‰ª°”®—¥ 8. 𔉪∑‘ßÈ „π¿“™π–∑’ÀË π૬ߓπ∑âÕß∂‘πË ®—¥À“„Àâ À√◊Õπ” ‰ª„À⇮â“Àπâ“∑’Ë∑’Ë¡“‡°Á∫„π«—π∑’Ë°”Àπ¥ 9. 𔉪 àߧ◊π√â“πµ—«·∑π®”Àπà“¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ√—∫ à«π≈¥·≈– ·≈°´◊ÈÕº≈‘µ¿—≥±å„À¡à

Q2. ¡’‚§√ß°“√®–‡ªî¥‚√ßß“π Õ¬“°∑√“∫°ÆÀ¡“§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…¢Õß‚√ßß“π §«√®–»÷°…“æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘‚√ßß“π æ.». 2535 ´÷Ëßµ“¡ §«“¡„π¡“µ√“¢Õßæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘π’È °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…¡’ Õ”π“®Àπâ“∑’„Ë π°“√°”À𥇰≥±å·≈–¡“µ√∞“π„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡ °“√¥”‡π‘ π °‘ ® °“√¢Õß‚√ßß“πÕÿ µ “À°√√¡ ‚¥¬‡©æ“– ¡“µ√∞“π·≈–«‘∏’°“√§«∫§ÿ¡°“√°”®—¥¢Õ߇ ’¬¡≈æ‘…À√◊Õ “√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ´÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°°‘®°“√¢Õß‚√ßß“π∑’Ë¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡¿“¬„µâ æ √–√“™∫— ≠ ≠— µ‘ ‚ √ßß“π °√–∑√«ß Õÿµ “À°√√¡ “¡“√∂ª√–°“»°Æ°√–∑√«ß‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√°”®—¥ ¢Õ߇ ’¬ ‘Ëߪؑ°Ÿ≈·≈–¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ Àâ“¡°“√ª≈àÕ¬∑‘ÈßπÈ”‡ ’·≈–Õ“°“»‡ ’¬®“°‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ ·π«∑“ß°“√¡’√–∫∫ ∫”∫—¥¢Õ߇ ’¬ µ≈Õ¥®π°”Àπ¥√–¥—∫‡ ’¬ß‰¡à„À⇰‘π¡“µ√∞“π ¢Õß EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‚‘ √ßß“π æ.». 2535 ©∫—∫‡µÁ¡ “¡“√∂Õà“π‰¥â∑’Ë www.diw.go.th ¢Õß°√¡‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡

Q3. Õ¬“°∑√“∫√“¬™◊Ë Õ Àπà « ¬ß“π∑’Ë √— ∫ º‘ ¥ ™Õ∫‡√◊Ë Õ ß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡«à“¡’Õ–‰√∫â“ß·≈– —ß°—¥°√–∑√«ß„¥

Q2. Opening up a plant is planned, so Iûd like to know the laws regulating the plant control pollution.

A study of Plant Supervision Act B.E. 2535 (1992) should be studied. The Pollution Control Department is authorized to set criteria and standards to control the industrial plant operation, particularly in terms of standard and waste pollution disposal or chemical substances caused by the plant operation, which in turn impacts the environment.

Under the Plant Supervision Act B.E. 2535 (1992), the Ministry of Industry is able to issue ministerial regulations concerning waste, dung, and garbage disposal, prohibiting the disposal of polluted water and air from the industrial plant, establishing waste treatment system guidelines, including limiting the noise level conforming to the standard set by EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) Full Plant Supervision Act B.E. 2535 (1992) can be found at www.diw.go.th of the Industrial Plant Department.

Q3. Iûd like to get the list of the parties responsible for environment and which ministry they are under.

For this question, there are quite a number of agents and ministries as follows: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment - Pollution Control Department - Department of Environmental Quality Promotion - Royal Forest Department - Department of Marine and Coastal Resources - Department of Mineral Resources - Department of Water Resources - Department of Groundwater Resources - Office of Natural Resources and Environment Policy and Planning - Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (Public Organization) (GISTDA)

GREEN LINE

”À√—∫§”∂“¡π’¡È À’ ≈“¬Àπ૬ߓπ·≈–À≈“¬°√–∑√«ß ¥—ßπ’È °√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ - °√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ - °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…

- °√¡ªÉ“‰¡â - °√¡∑√—欓°√∑“ß∑–‡≈·≈–™“¬Ωíòß - °√¡∑√—欓°√∏√≥’ - °√¡∑√—欓°√πÈ” - °√¡∑√—欓°√πÈ”∫“¥“≈ - ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ - ”π— ° ß“πæ— ≤ π“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ Õ «°“»·≈–¿Ÿ ¡‘ “√ π‡∑»

8. Dispose them in the trash container provided by the local authority or take them to the local authority on the scheduled pick-up date.

9. Return them to the agent to receive discount coupon and exchange for new products.

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(Õߧ尓√¡À“™π) ( ∑Õ¿.)

- ∂“∫—π«‘®¬— «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑- »Ÿπ¬åæ—π∏ÿ«‘»«°√√¡·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’™’«¿“æ·Ààß™“µ‘ - »Ÿπ¬å«®‘ ¬— ¿Ÿ¡ ‘ “√ π‡∑»‡æ◊ÕË ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ Ô°√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë √—∫º‘¥™Õ∫¥â“π°“√«“ß·ºπ·≈–°“√∫—ߧ—∫„™â°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫¡“µ√°“√ ¡“µ√∞“π °“√«‘®—¬ µ≈Õ¥®π°“√®—¥∑”π‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ°“√ à߇ √‘¡·≈–√—°…“§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈–°”°—∫¥Ÿ·≈‡°’¬Ë «°—∫ ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡„π∑ÿ°¥â“π¢Õߪ√–‡∑» °√–∑√«ß¡À“¥‰∑- °√¡ à߇ √‘¡°“√ª°§√Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ - °√¡ªÑÕß°—π·≈–∫√√‡∑“ “∏“√≥¿—Ô√— ∫ º‘ ¥ ™Õ∫„π°“√®— ¥ ‡°Á ∫ ¢¬–¡Ÿ ≈ ΩÕ¬®“°™ÿ ¡ ™π·≈– ∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥„π°√≥’∑‡’Ë °‘¥‡Àµÿ°“√≥å©°ÿ ‡©‘π¡’°“√√—«Ë ‰À≈¢Õß “√Õ—πµ√“Ô¥”‡π‘π°“√·≈–ª√– “πß“π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫°“√∫√‘À“√°“√§≈—ß ¢ÕßÕߧå°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ - °√¡Õπ“¡—Ô√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫®—¥°“√¥â“π “∏“√≥ ÿ¢Õ“™’«Õπ“¡—¬·≈–¡’ Õ”π“®„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡¥Ÿ·≈‚√ß欓∫“≈∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» Ô¡Õ∫Õ”π“®„πÀπ૬√“™°“√∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ „π°“√®—¥‡°Á∫·≈– °”®—¥¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ µ≈Õ¥®π°“√®—¥‡°Á∫§à“∏√√¡‡π’¬¡ µ“¡ ∑’Ë°”À𥉫â„π æ.√.∫. °“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ æ.». 2535 °√–∑√«ßÕÿµ “À°√√¡ - °√¡‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ Ô§«∫§ÿ¡°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π°“√®—¥°“√¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬®“° ∂“πª√–°Õ∫°“√Õÿµ “À°√√¡ Ô°”°—∫°“√¥Ÿ·≈°“√ªØ‘∫µ— µ‘ “¡°Æ¢âÕ∫—ߧ—∫¢Õß æ.√.∫. «—µ∂ÿ Õ—πµ√“¬ æ.». 2535 ´÷Ëß°”Àπ¥·≈–§«∫§ÿ¡¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“∑ÿ°™π‘¥ °√–∑√«ß»÷°…“∏‘°“√ °”°—∫¥Ÿ·≈»÷°…“Õ—πµ√“¬∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°ÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√¢Õß ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—°√–∑√«ß§¡π“§¡ §«∫§ÿ¡¥Ÿ·≈¢Õ߇ ’¬∑“ß∑–‡≈ ´÷ßË à«π„À≠à‡ªìππÈ”¡—πÀ≈àÕ≈◊πË ·≈–πÈ”¡—π‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ßµà“ßÊ ∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°‘®°√√¡¢π àß∑“߇√◊Õ ·≈–∑à“‡√◊Õ °√–∑√«ß‡°…µ√·≈– À°√≥å - °√¡«‘™“°“√‡°…µ√ Ô§«∫§ÿ ¡ °“√„™â · ≈–‡°Á ∫ “√°”®— ¥ ·¡≈ß·≈– “√°”®— ¥ «—™æ◊™∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√

- Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research - National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) - Geo-Informatics Center for Natural Resources, Environment, Economics, and Society of Thailand Ô Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment is responsible for planning and enforcement of rules and regulations, measures, standards, research, including establishing policy and plans for the promotion and conservation of environmental quality, as well as, monitor all aspects of the nationûs natural resources and environment.

Ministry of Interior - Community Development Department - Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Ô Responsible for waste collection from community and providing the cleaning in case of emergency incident of leaks of hazardous substances Ô Operate and coordinate with Local Administration Ministry of Public Health - Department of Health Ô Responsible for public health management and authorized in supervision of hospitals around the country Ô Authorized in the local government agency in the collection and disposing of infected waste, along with collecting fee as set in the Public Health Act B.E. 2535 (1992) Ministry of Industry - Industrial Plant Department Ô Control the hazardous waste disposal management from industrial enterprises Ô Supervise the compliance of Hazardous Material Act B.E. 2535 (1992) that regulates and controls all types of hazardous wastes.

Ministry of Education Supervise and study of hazards resulted from the university labs.

Ministry of Communication Control and supervise sea wastes, most of which are lube oil and gasoline caused by the operation at sea and port.

Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives - Department of Agriculture Ô Control the use and storage of pesticides and herbicides.

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ÀâÕß¢à“«

‚¥¬ : “¬¢à“« Environment News by : News Line Team

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Turn tree and leaf residues-waste into money and gold ...

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By Somphit Paijer Matichon, page 23, Column Business of Interest, dated 5/11/05 As the community of Tambon Pabong, Saraphi District, Chiengmai Province earns a living through handicraft or carving, the unusable wood residues are generated. To dispose of them, these residues are burnt, which is not only worthless, but also causes the pollution. Ajarn Charnsak Chanunchana, therefore, has originated the idea of reusing these residues to transform them into new beautiful peculiar products such as tables and chairs and formed the project of çTransforming Wood Residuesé by forming the team of product creation, which includes villagers of the community, the academicians, and designers to help create new products.

The process of producing products from waste starts by dividing the wood residues or vegetation residues into small pieces before exposing them in the sunlight until they become dry with only 5% of moisture. Then, divide the dry-digested wood residues into pieces again for better refinement. However, it depends on how much refined the product is.

After you have got the wood residues that were undergone the process of decomposition until they are refined as required, then weigh the dry residues to find the proper proportion between the wood residue and the adhesives which have the features of combining the wood residues together. Once getting the right proportion, then they are brought to undergo the pressing process; the dry-refine wood residues and adhesives you prepares are put inside a mould according to the size of the block. Then, take it out of the mould and use Mai-La, a plastic stick which prevents the affix between the wood and the metal base, to insert on top and bottom of the refined residues before pressing the board. The different patterns needed for decoration must be done before the pressing process, so there is no need to decorate it later. The pressure is 12,000 kilogram or 12 tons at the temperature of 120-150 degree Celsius. The pressing process takes 5 minutes so that the heat is spreading to wood panel and causes chemical reaction before becoming solid. Then, take it out of the mould. A piece of work is obtained as required. Then, you can make it round or square as desired and for the last step coat its texture with the same color before it was undergone the pressing process. Ajarn Charnsak said that çThough the raw materials are not invested, the Thai society does not perceive its value. Very few people buy them. Some customers admire them but some just walk past. When I told some customers that the products are made of wood residues, they then think over and over again whether or not they want to buy them. This is quite contrast to Europe where they are promoting the reuse of material residues to create new products. However, a fast process is still needed for entering into the commercialized process and more models are produced and have better color and colorful textures. Now the seeds of jasmine rice are used to mix with wood residues. It turns out to be a very welcoming product to customers. Later, Bermuda grass and such plants as the outers of durian, mangoes teen, and mangoÕs leaves are used as raw materials.é

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Reused çWorthless Wasteé into conservative environmental aircraft

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Matichon, page 33, dated 18/10/05 Donût question the above title as this is true !!

As todayûs world is threatened by the waste pollution which is difficult to decompose, but they are non-degradable waste such as plastic, glass, foam, etc.

Where have such wastes gone? Are they flooded the world? They are worrying questions and thoughtful at the same time. You realize that nowadays someone has utilized these non-degradable wastes. They are reused into future-board air- Lampong Chomim craft, hover-craft boat (controlling-boat for kids) and spaceship. Ajarn Lampong Chomim, Huahin Pittayakhom school, Prachuabkirikhan province, told about the above project, which belongs to Huahin Pittayakhom school, that the hard to decompose wastes such as gallon of auto lubricating oil, and plastic are reused to be future-board aircraft, hover-craft boat or spaceship. çThe current situation is the gallons of auto lubricating oil become disgusting wastes, no matter where they are, in the river or on the ground, growing into the germ-culture site, and the disposal process of burning causes air pollution, harmful to respiratory system of the living creatures. As I like to invent aircraft since I was a kid, at the beginning I used a wooden stick (Mai-Noon) to be tied with a rope, pulling it along the road or hanging it for pleasure. Once seeing these junk, I then try to figure out how to utilize themé çAs I see from the foreign aircraft, it inspires me to make my own aircraft. So I started with using the future board to be invented to be a glider, driven by hand. Then it was further developed to be a small-sized airplane with the rc. twin motor to take off. Then I brought the project into where I am teaching and organized the Inventing Gadget club. Then, I opened up a supplementary science course for Matthayom 1 and a science course for Matthayom 2. Then, it becomes so popular that the occupation project for students who have special skills was implemented, called çconservative environmental planeé the invention of çconservative environmental plane,é which uses cheap and easy to find materials, particularly the future board, the bottle of half-gallon lubricating oil, 10-millimeter PVC tube, 3/8é camp for water pipe, 4é cable and 8é wire, 12é barbecue stick, and a balloon straw. For the motor part, we use 2 of 180-motors, 2 of 108-rotors, 1 set of Falcon controlling cycle, 1 remote control, and 1 of 7.2 volts battery with 6 cells. Once completely assembled, the cost is about 1,300 baht and it can fly as high as 100-200 meters and its quality lies in that it is difficult to break apart when colliding, falling, or bumping.é The conservative environmental plane of Lampong is under process of becoming OTOP patented product of Huahin Pittayakhom school soon for distribution. The conservative environmental plane encourages the children to spend their leisure time wisely, away from drugs, understanding of the principles of air, knowing how to set up hypothesis, testing, solving the problem using scientific approach, the introductory of physics, and more important revive the use of useless waste to become useful

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Spell a Cast on Litter into Gold Old Tires are not dumped Cut them up and turn to tables and chairs Be set of furniture friends admired How durable they are exposed in the sun and rain How to invent piles of chicken bones Into something much valuable Imaginatively row each one Becoming a model as desired.

Bunches of newspapers all over Elephant, Monkey, Tiger Puppets are made A chic name called Paper Mache To keep assorted items From what one sees as worthless rubbish Convert them into something new Ardently create them artistic Cast a spell on litter to become gold. ‚¥¬...Suthep Aoktom

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