Thesis Work - In Progress - 2014

thesis ( in progress )

Trent Matthias

phase 1

1

research The primary objective of the research is to define performance criteria that when implemented into the physical environment, have a positive effect on physical health, most importantly, body composition.

goals -

research the current obesity epidemic in the United States define the critical balance between energy expenditure and caloric consumption investigate the links between body composition - obesity and the physical structure of the built environment compare and contrast the structure of cities in the United States with other countries investigate the impact of automobile dependent transportation practices on people explore the inclusion of agriculture and local food production in urban environments understand the critical design elements of streets, blocks, and larger community networks ACSM FIT INDEX

methods - operat ions

- literature review: The Death and Life of Great American Cities - Jane Jacobs Urban Sprawl and Public Health - Frumkin, Frank, Jackson Walkable City - Jeff Speck Design of Cities - Edmund Bacon Shaping Neighborhoods - Hugh Barton Toward the Healthy CIty - Jason Corburn Great Streets - Jacobs

periodical / journal reviews research studies

personal experiments : an extreme example of manipulation of energy balance in the body - Natural Bodybuilding Competition: I achieved a 2.9 caliper tested body fat percentage over the course of 20 weeks of contest preparation including training and intense diet

CDC

Starting weight : 195 lbs ( 9.8 percent bodyfat ) Lean Mass : 172 lbs

city-data.com

Contest weight : 170 lbs ( 2.9 percent bodyfat ) Lean Mass: 166 lbs

walkscore.com

May 20th, 2013 : 190 lbs

September 10th, 2013 : 170 lbs

( 25 lbs lost in 20 weeks ) Body composition was altered by strict adherence to programmed quantities of caloric consumption and activity levels

synthesis - body composition is a direct function of energy balance in the body,. Energy balance is determined by the balance of energy consumption and energy expenditure. Essentially: What we consume and how we move.

- obesity is a serious problem in the United States. Our lifestyle habits and car centric society form the basis for this trend. Less physical activity, both utilitarian and leisure based coupled with poor dietary options and choices forms a deadly combination.

- the structure of the built environment and body composition / obesity are strongly related, as proved by a variety of studies - urban environments should be designed to facilitate and encourage an increase in daily activity, both utilitarian and liesure - agricultural Urbanism and the provision of locally produced food within the city is a critical goal for design at a variety of scales -design for a variety of ages ( 8 - 80 ), and base design for movement systems in the city on the scale of the person

-utilize public space structure as a primary element in ordering the city : give people a reason to move - make pedestrian modes of transport the safest, cheapest and fastest way to move about the city - utilize the Marchetti Constant ( 1 hr. / day time travel budget ) as a basis for sizing urban districts and ordering the city. If people are going to spend an average of one hour per day travelling, allow them the opportunity to spend that time - 35 persons + jobs per ha. is the baseline of activity intensity required for people to choose pedestrian transport over the automobile.

- residential densities should achieve 20 du/a minimum - the presence of a mix of primary uses within certain distances is a fundamental basis for increasing pedestrian activity and decreasing automobile usage - providing, marketing, and growing healthy, nutritious whole food in the city is a critical operation

OBESITY TRENDS : USA

phase 1

2

case studies 3

goals - understand how the “healthy” cities are structured and how they operate - investigate existing places that are designed primarily for people - compare and contrast design standards in different countries - showcase current design work that is addressing walkability, local food production, and pedestrian systems

2

- document the critical design criteria at different scales of intervention within the city

1

methods - operat ions 3 Primary scales / types for investigation

3 CITY - DISTRICT - NEIGHBORHOOD 2 BLOCKS 1 STREETS

Minneapolis, MN, USA Copenhagen, Denmark

Addison Circle, Dallas Texas

Loring Park Neighborhood

Loring Park Greenway London Cycle Superhighways

Norrebrograde - Copenhagen Park + Jog Manchester, England Corso Como - Milan Corso Sempione - Milan Las Ramblas - Barcelona

synthesis

3 CITY - DISTRICT - NEIGHBORHOOD 2 BLOCKS 1 STREETS

- Copenhagen’s cycling infrastructure is the most well developed and innovative in the world - Minneapolis has an exceptional public recreational space network and density - Loring Park in Minneapolis is a wonderful example of a pedestrian based urban living environment - Addison Circle in Texas provides a great land use mix within a neighborhood setting. Everything people need, in many cases including work is within walking distance, - Land use mix is a necessity to entice people to walk and increase activity levels - Dense mass transportation networks and T.O.D. are critical elements in successful cities - Park + Jog suggests that re-thinking our morning commute could engineer more activity into our daily lifestyles - Norrebrograde in Copenhagen is a prime example of a once crowded bus + vehicular + cycle + pedestrian street transformed into a pedestrian restricted street. The result is overwhelmingly positive.

- Safety is a primary concern at the street scale as the transportation modes begin to mix. ( SEE CASE STUDIES )

phase 1

3

prototyping

goals Utilize the research and case study phases to begin to explore the real life design implications and opportunities for describing a healthy city structure Define the critical scales at which the city must be planned and designed Explore the important issues and design problems at each scale Turn the research into tangible material for analysis

generate ideas !

3 Primary scales / types for investigation

3 CITY - DISTRICT - NEIGHBORHOOD 2 BLOCKS 1 STREETS

idea base / explorat ion

methods - operat ions

existing / prototype base

prototype 2 ( Drawn By Hand ) (Increase creative contact with the process)

prototype 1

prototype 3

synthesis

CITY DISTRICT NEIGHBORHOOD LIVING QUARTER BLOCK STREET

In order to accurately describe the framework for healthy city planning, design criteria must be considered at a variety of scales.

The City, District, Neighborhood, and Living Quarter scales are ways of thinking about land use planning, transportation network planning, and the clustering of necessary urban elements in the city. These need to be based on pedestrian movement sheds - the 30 minute walk, 10 minute walk, and 2.5 - 5 minute walk The primary design decisions happen at the Block and Street scale.

Blocks : Public - Semi Private - Private space divisions and provision.... perimeter block construction.... mixed housing types..... personal - home place gardens.... play space.....

Streets : safety... enclosure... trees..... goals in the middle distance..... shelter... traffic calming..... walking, cycling, playing, eating, sitting, eating, talking, selling... PUBLIC SPACE FOR PEOPLE

phase 1 : synthesis

goals

a p p l i c a t i on - p e r fo r m an c e c r i t e r i a This project is about defining and underlying structure, an engineered framework through which physcial health is inherently built into the physical environment. It is in this way that the work becomes invisible - and people begin making the right lifestyle choices subconsciously on a daily basis, making positive long term impacts on their health.

Since the problem of obesity is a common source epidemic and is not isolated in one location, the true site for the project is the entire United States. The design ideas and prototypes serve as the bones onto which the diverse ecological, cultural, and historical landscapes of the United States can write their story.

methods - operat ions

Planning + Design at each scale for a US City focusing on prototyping the neighborhood, living quarter, block and street Selection Criteria : - Must be a major US city with a related metropolitan region - Poor performance in physical health related data analysis ( NCSM Fit Index ) - Vacant communities / potential for infill development at the fringe of the downtown CBD

CITIES:

1

A B C D

Oklahoma City, OK

: : : :

City Structure Land Use / Critical Elements Block + Street Prototypes ( Phasing ) Complete detailed design in a selected city

water -Natural systems

4

synthesis

size

elements - principles 20 DU / ACRE MIN DENSITY 35 Persons + Jobs / HA min

city

-

N/A

30 minute walk 1.5 mi radius

district

100,000 people + jobs

neighborhood

10 minute walk .5 mi radius 10,000 people + jobs

living quarter

block

street

20’ - 200’

-

urban farm public transportation infrastructure ( intra-district) district center / employment center secondary schools large park / celebratory event space retail / shopping core transit oriented development large grocery store

-

neighborhood center local employment center neighborhood park / active recreation fields school ( primary ) light rail - tram - bus allotments orchard grocery / fresh market

-

local center nursery / preschool bus stop gathering place community garden local shop / corner store local park / playground

Agricultural Natural Residential Public Commercial Wo r k p l a c e Industrial Mixed

-

home place private / semi private space division perimeter block construction mixed housing types shared interior streets (multimodal) cycle parking toddlers play area personal / homeplace gardens

Primary Secondary Te r t i a r y Pedestrian Restricted Natural Systems

-

pedestrian movement / interaction multi - modal transit accommodation safety walk appeal shade trees street enclosure 1 : 1 / 1 : 4 shelter traffic calming design for people

2.5 - 5 minute walk .1 - .25 mi radius

200’ - 600’

“special uses” regional transit + local connections airport stadium university CBD Hospital

phase 2 : appl icat ion : Oklahoma City

“ These are not just ideas.

These are all funded projects, all approved and funded without any in-

These projects used to be more vision than real ity, now they are more real ity than vision.

The last crease from the current level of taxat ion.

I have said this before, but it’s worth repeating.

10 years of this City’s history were incredible, but they will not equal the next 10 years. This is our future, and it’s going to be a lot of fun to watch....“

context

okc analysis + synthesis land use

boathouse district

natural systems

current development trends

district synthesis

neighborhood synthesis

neighborhood concept

okc concept

OKC LAND PROTOTYPES - STRATEGIC INFILL

neighborhood core + + + + + + + +

1500 jobs 1500 people work focus grocery / fresh market vertical agriculture restaurants shopping vertical use mix

neighborhood agricultural center

waterfront core 50 ac

boathouse district 57 ac + + + +

+ + + + + + +

250 jobs 1500 people residential focus senior living facility future school urban waterfront community gardens

mixed use infill

+ + + + +

500 jobs 1000 people grocery / fresh market agricultural edge ( highway )

+ + + + +

living quarter hub local center daycare / preschool community garden local park community center

preserved community fabric

orchard urban agriculture school program integration (education) community park living quarter hub walking trail

district park + + + +

residential street prototype pedestrian restricted street prototype mass transit corridor prototype mixed use street prototype primary arterial street prototype

250 jobs 500 people retail / shopping restaurants vertical use mix

+ + + + + +

active recreation center music venue open lawn orchard

OKC TRANSPORTATION PROTOTYPES

OKC COMMUNITY PRESERVATION SITE : 720 AC 291 HA @ 35 persons + jobs / HA = 10,185 strategic insertion of prototypes as a primary method

goals ( minimum threshold) population : 10,185 people + jobs ( cumulative density: 35 people + jobs / HA ) + 2500 new jobs + 4,500 people ( 4000 exsiting + infill) OKC average persons/ household : 2.5 = 1800 new housing units

OKC CONCEPT

prototyping

okc land prototypes 1

5

1

2

2

4

NEIGHBORHOOD AGRICULTURAL CENTER + ACTIVE RECREATION

3

2

5

LIVING QUARTER HUB

TRANSIT CORRIDOR - COMMUNITY INFILL + AGRICULTURE IMPLEMENTATION

3 DISTRICT ACTIVE RECREATION PARK

4 MIXED USE NEIGHBORHOOD CORE

okc masterplan

okc agriculture orchard

large scale agriculture

okc performance methodology programming living quarter - 5 minute walk core mass transit corridor

vertical agriculture

primary pedestrian infrastructure schools

community / private gardens living quarter hub public - open space orchard urban agriculture churches

TER

QUAR RONT

employment centers

F

IGH

BO

RH

OO

D

CO

RE

R WATE

NE

water

SHIDLER-WHEELER NORTH

AGRICULTURAL QUARTER

SHIDLER-WHEELER SOUTH

okc infrastructure prototyping residential prototype type a pedestrian restricted type a mixed type b - mass transit - vehicular mixed type a mixed type c - pedestrian core sidewalk 5’

pedestrian restricted - type b - river

buffer 8’

parking 9’

shared street 16’

parking 9’

buffer 8’

60’ ROW

sidewalk 5’

residential prototype a

pedestrain 14’ +

bike / car 14’

rail / car 12’

rail / car 12’

80’ ROW

bike / car 14’

pedestrain 14’ +

mixed type B - mass transit - vehicular

pedestrian 10’ +

bike 8’

parking 9’

vehicles 12’

pedestiran core 22’

vehicles 12’

parking 9’

bike 8’

pedestrian 10’ +

mixed type c - pedestrian core

buffer 10’ bike 10’ pedestrian 10’ passive edge 10’ 40’ ROW

okc street hierarchy

pedestrian restricted - type b - river

okc l i festyle impact analysis : a narrative

Luis

existing : breakfast

proposed : breakfast

SONIC

Homemade 454 calories 27 g carbs 18 g fat 34 g protein

760 calories 52 g fat 52 g carbs 25 g protein

male 25 years old 5’10, 170 lbs occupation : machine operator, pull apart auto yard born and raised in Oklahoma City married

4 egg omlette fresh vegetables: green pepper, red pepper, onion eggs

sonic southwest chipotle breakfast burrito

cooking / gardening : 10 min 60 calories burned

purchased at the community farmers market 8 oz orange juice

maggie and boomer

view from Luis’ car window

maitenence caloric intake ( moderately active) : 2,780 calories

Luis’ backyard vegetable garden

8:30 am

existing : commute

proposed : commute

snack : apple 110 calories

1 mile bike ride ( 2 miles of commuting per day round trip )

2.8 mile drive ( 5.6 total miles of commuting round trip )

15 minute bike ride @ 12 mph : 168 calories burned

south shields boulevard

terrace lawn drive - pedestrain restricted prototpe a

12:30 pm existing : lunch

residence : 723 SE 21st Street, Shidler Wheeler, Oklahoma City

proposed : lunch LOCAL

SUBWAY

2 chicken sandwiches purchased at local restaurant near Luis’ bike shop

BLT footlong medium coke

676 calories 20 g fat 88 g carbs 33 g protein

850 calories 41 g fat 84 g carbs 28 g protein se 15th street - mixed prototype c : pedestrian core

okc lifestyle impact summary 6:00 pm

proposed

existing caloric intake : 3060 calories macronutrient breakdown: 128 g fat 353 carbs 85 g protein caloric expenditure:

2,780 calories

isolative lifestyle

existing : dinner

=

3237

proposed : dinner

HUNGRY MAN

homemade

microwavable dinner

caloric intake : 2,950 calories macronutrient breakdown: 88 g fat 318 g carbs 130 g protein caloric expenditure: 2780 calories + 457 burned through activity

beef stir fry with fresh vegetables sweet potato

720 calories 34 g fat 83 g carbs 32 g protein

locally grown 1 block away from Luis’ home 736 calories 27 g fat 70 g carbs 47 g protein

Luis’ home

total caloric expenditure sweet potato field

resultant energy balance: 280 calorie surplus estimated 5-10 pounds of weight gain per year 10 years: 25 - 50 lbs weight gain ( 200 lbs + )

resultant energy balance: 287 calorie defecit

neighborhood agricultural center

8:00 pm

estimated +/- 5lbs per year 10 years: 170 lbs +/- 5 + increased social interaction + relationships

existing : evening

proposed : evening

bedtime snack

30 minute dog walk 168 calories burned

2 servings pretzel rods 2 samuel adams boston lager beers

bedtime snack

x2

974 calories 104 g carb 23 g fat 15 g protein

2 servings pretzel rods 2 samuel adams boston lager beers 1 ice cream cone

x2