Lamsaovietvanhay1 by trexanh

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GS NGIJYEN DANG MANH (chri bicri) i^. oO NCQc THdNG - LUU DIjC HANH

^(* MUON VIET DIJOC

BAI VAN HAY In

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tht hai, c6 sta

NHA XUAT BAN GIAO

chxa

DUc-Igs

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CUNG BAN DOC

T{p sdch nAy nhdm vao m6t ddi trtdng r6ng r6i: hec sinh cudi c€ip II (bit dhu tdp ldm vnn nghi ludn), sinh vi€n'dai hoc van khoa (bdt dhu tap nghi€n criu vAn hoc) nhqng cht y6u lA c.{c em hgc sinh cdp IIL Cic em thdn m6n!

Chiu trach nhiQm xudt bAn Gidn\, d5c TRIN TR'AM PHTiJNG Tdng bian rCp NGtYEn KHAC PHI

Nhu cric em bi6t ddy, mdy nAm gbn day, sdch vd vi6t vb m6n ldm vnn dd phuc vu hgc sinh phd thong drroc xudt bAn khri nhibu. Di6u dy ncii ring, cd.c em dang cd nhu chu brlc thidt: vidt dddc nlot bai van hay. Bdi vi diEu dci s6 dem ddn cho cdc em m6t niitn thich thri dac bi6t cd thd gqi la hanh phfc cua srt siing tao. Nhrrng li do thi6t thuc hdn ld da hoc thi phei cd thi (thi h6't cdp IT, thi l6n cdp iII, thi vAo dai hoc v.v..-) di thi ttri ai ching mu6n dq.t didnt cao. Md vb mdn van thi cho d6n nay hhu nhd chi cd dOc rrr6t hinh thr-1c kidm tra, thi ct ld lam bdi van vi6t, chri y6u dr.tdi dang nghi ludn van hoc.

Bi€n soan:

NGUYIoN DANG MANH (ch'ji bian) O6 N<;<)C TH6]YG . Ltfu TIJC HANH

Bi6n tAp: LE NGOC Y

PHAM VAN TRQNG

Tiinh bay

bia:

HA TRi Srla bAn in: PHAM VAN TRONG

D6 Ngqc Thdng' Mutjn vi6t ddOc hai vlin hav,4'lB!yi,$ Ddng Manh (chn bien)' htu Dic Hanh' li. Giio dLlc. 1994.- 298 lrang l9cm

8v136a4

8(0?5)

Nhing srich tep lern veil ncii trdn cho d6n nay, thudng ph6n hda theo hai qIc. M6t ld: thi6n vb li thuy6t. Li thuydt tAp ld.n vdn qua le ndt vdn dii phrlc tap cdn phai tranh cii nhibu. GiAi quydt li thu),6t la rdt can thidt, H;i Ie: nang vE cung cdp nhtng ddn bdi mAu vd nh,ing bdi viei nrAu. Dibu ndy ctng rdt thi6t thuc. Nhung didm lai tdr cA, thdy hinh nhu chua cci cu6n s6ch ne.o kdt hop thda d6ng It thuydt vdi thdc hinh m6t cech toan di€n, tl mi vd cd hq thdng,

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nghia le ven dung nhfrng nguyon i6c li thuy6t thidi thuc nhdt dd soi s6ng cho nhrlng cdng viQc c<i tinh chdt "bdp nric" cr1 thd cia vi€c lAm m6t bA.i van d nha trudn"g, qua rdt cA cai c6ng doan cta nd.

Tip sdch ndy mu6n lAm cdng vi6c dy. Nhihg ngudi bi6n soan khdng phAi khdng coi trong li thuydt, nhung mu6n trinh bey mot thrl li thuydt cri fr'nA

ing d4ng

tlzidt tl1.\Ic. Cu6n s6ch drta nhibu hon vdo kinh nghiom thuc t6 (kinh nghi6m d4y chuydn van, kinh nghiem Iuy6n thi.vlo dai hqc, kinh nghiCm tdng k6t dlidc tit nhibu ki thi hqc sin\ gi6i, kinh nghi€m ra d6 vd. chdm thi tuy6'n sinh d4i. hgc, kinh nghi6m vi6t nghion crlu ph6 binh vnn hqc, kinh nghi€m cta bAn th6n nhilng ngrrdi bi6n soan sd.ch vd kinh nghidm cria c6c dbng nghiQp cia hq). Kinh nghidrn dy duoc kdt hdp v6i m6t sd nguy€n tic li thuydt vira co bin, vita thi6t thr:c, nhim drja ra mot quy trinh ldm urot bei ven, mdt quy trinh di til A ddn Z, v6i citc khAu: chuA'n bi chdt li6u, l4p y, I4p dE cudng vd thd hi€n thAnh vdn bdn: n,d bdi, xdy dung cac doan vin, chuydn do4n, kdt bai. Tdt nhi6n cdn phAi ch( y ddn cric kidu bni nghi lufln kh6c nhau til nOi dung ddn hinh thr?c, rbi lai phAi d0 xudt c:ic thri ph:ip henh van vd m6t sd bdi bAn dd luyQn tdp cho thirnh thao. N<ii chung t6t cA dung j vA c6 g6ng cta cdc t6c giA Ii xoay viro vi€c ginp hoc sinh xay dgng cho dudc lllot bei vin hodn chinh, dat chdt ludng cao - mdt bdi van hay (c6 nhi6n trong khudn khd nhd tnJdng) TAp sdch k6t thdc bing ndt phu luc cung cdp 10 bdi ven lua loc tir m6t s6 ki thi hqc sinh gi6i, thuQc v'6 nhi6u kkiu bdi khric nhau vd vi6t vb nhtng d€ khdc nhau (vb van 4

hgc srl, vi l{ luAn van hoc, vd phin tich binh glAng telc. phdur vrln h<1:, vr\ vb so s6nh vdn hoc), d nhi6u dia phrrong trong i.oi\n qudc.

'*** T{p srich da ra ddi vd dang nim dd6i m6t oic em dAy. Ch6c h6n nd cdn thidu scit, vi nhilng vdn db nd db cip d6u rdt phong phLi, phrlc tZp vi khd. Tuy nhi6n vdi ndi dung vi cdch vi6t nhd thd, hi vong nd s€ tr6 thdnh mot cOng cu thi6t thr.tc, mdt ngudi ban ghn grli vd c<i ich, girip cric em phdn ddu dd vi6t dddc mQt bai vln nhu mong mu6n crfa c6c em. Chric c.ic em thdnh c6ng

tdt

dep.

Hd. NQi ngiry 25-7-1993 Chrl bi6n GidO SU NGUYEN DANC MANH

PHAN MQT

^,( SO VAN DE LI THUYET THIET MQT THUC VE NGHI LUAN VAN HOC VA BAI NGHI LUAN VAN HoC HAY

r. \rl rRf vAN Ncul luAx vA Ncnl lu4,r.q vAN ugc rRoNG cHUoNG rniNs naON vAN d pn6 rHONc. vii xnAr Nrrnr rnq,o rAc ncsl lufiru vAr.l oE pHlN r-oAr oh NCrq lU4N. t:

n. vl rni vAN NGHI LUAN vA NGHf LUAN vAN Hoc TRoNG cHUoNG rniNH vAN

TRttoNG pud rHONc

Mdn vAn trong nhe trddng trlu trung lai nhirn vdo hai nhiâ&#x201A;Źnr r.u cu thd sau ddy: 1) Trang bi cho hoc sinh nhirng tri thrlc dd hi6'u duoc, hidu dring aic vdn db van hoc (bao gbm: tdc phdm, tdc gii, cdc qud trinh vdn hgc v.v....). C<i nghia li gcip phhn tao cho hoc sinh khd nAng khdn phri vd dep cria tric phdm vdn hgc trong */iec ti6p nhan, cring nhu nang luc bi6t drinh gi6 mda c6ch dring d6n, khoa hoc c6c hi6n tugng van hoc dbng thdi brr6c dhu nh4n thrlc drtgc quy luQt vdn d6ng cria vAn hoc trnng lich srl. 7 l

2) Song song vdi nhi6m vu tr€n ld qud trinh gifp hoc sinh hinh thinh vd ph6t tridn khA ning sAn sinh van bAn (n<ji vA viSt).

Lim v6n (T4p ldm van) li m6n

hqc hu6ng tdi nhiQm u1 thAnh nhtng ki ndng girip sinh hinh hqc N<i thrl hai ndy. chn thi6t dd lirn drroc bii ven. Ngudi hoc sinh hqc tir cdp I ddn cdp III (kd cA vdo d4i hoc) da dugc "Ldm vdn" theo ba d4ng vdn bAn sau dAy:

- Dang sring tric v6n hgc nhrt: mi6u tA, tr'ldng thu$t kd chuyQn vi n6t vdi thd tho quen thuQc... - Dang bdi ngh! Iudn v6i 2 nQi dung cd bAn: nghi luQn xa hQi vi ngh! luAn van hoc. - Dang bii yan hanh chinh c0ng m5 nhrl: don tit, bi6n Mn... D4c trung co bAn cria nhcim bai thf nhdt ln kich thich tri tudng tudng phong phri, xAy dltng cic quan s6t tinh td cho hgc sinh. Nhcim bai thf hai nhdm hinh thAnh vir ph:it tridn trr duy ludn ly vdi khA nang l4p luAn chdt ch€, giiu srlc thuydt phqc. Loai van hinh chinh c6ng vu thi cci d4c trrrng lA tinh khuOn m6u, c6ng

thrlc.

Lo4i van niy tuy don giAn hon nhrrng ndu khOng chn y cflng d6 vi pham nhttng ph6p t6c thdng thrrdng. Nhibu hgc sinh ra ddi, trd thdnh c6n b0 rbi v6n khdng bidt lAm mQt 16 don, lap mOt bi6n bAn dring quy cach. DiEu dci thit dring bubn.(1)

(l) C6 )i kidn chb lo4i vdn n2ry (thim chi ci nghi lufn x5 hQi) khdng phii ld d6i tugng cta m6n Vtrn vb l:rnr ven mA lA cria Ng[. V6n hay Ngfi lhi tLy. nhung thco chdng tdi ci hai loai niy c'An d(<)c ttqy vl hQc trong nhi tntong phii thang. 8

Ba nhcim bdi ndy, thttc ra, ngay tir thdi phong kidn, cha 6ng ta di day vi di hgc. Qua cric ki thi nhrr thi Huong, thi Hgi, thi Dinh, c6c t'hi sinh dbu phAi ldrn cA ba dqng bdi ndy. Lirn tho, l?nt plfi t&c ld kidu bdi srlng tirc, kinh nghin, ud.n sd.ch tfc ld kidu bdi ngh! luQn, vd. chd, ch'idu, bidu lir van hinh ch{nh c6ng vg... Trong nhA trtrdng phd thdng, nhin chung kh6ng dat ra vi€c hSc sdng tric vhn hoc. Tuy vfly dd phn hgp v6i lfa tudi, hoc sinh cdp I vd dbu cdp II duqc lAm quen vdi kidu bii sang tr{c. Nhfrng bdi v6n hay loqi ndy lA nhrrng bei vidt ddng quy cdch, chAn thAt, cti nhtng khdm phri hiin nhi6n vb thi€n nhi€n vb ddi sdng gia dinh, xd h6i..' D6n cu6i cdp II vi l€n cdp III, chuong trinh quy dinh cht ydu hoc vA tAp ldm v6n nghi luAn. Trong chrrong trinh v6n nghi luQn 6 cdp III, ngh! luAn . v6n hoc chidrn mdt vi tri dac biQt: ngodi m6t sd tidt li thuy6t chung cho van nghi luQn, cbn lai ti le gid li thuydt nghi luAn x6 hOi so vdi nghi lu6n vd.n hoc qu{' thdp (4121 tidt cho s6ch cta trudng Dai hoc stt pham Hd NOi I vd 6122 tidt cho sdch cria HQi nghi€n cfu vd giAng day van hoc thdnh ph6 Hb Chf Minh). Nhtr vAy, day vd hoc lim vAn d cdp phd thdng trung hoc chti ydu ld day vd hgc ldm van nghi luAn vdn hoc. Kh6ng ai phi nhdn dtroc thm quan trong cia loai bAi nghi luAn xA hOi, tuy vdy cung khd ccj c6ch gi hon dd thay ddi ti le tr€n vi mdy Ii do sau dAy: 1. lAm van trt16c hdt vd cd bAn thudc dia hat cria Van. Nd la ch6 drra chinh ydu (ndu khdng mudn ncji lA duy nhdt) dd drinh gid nang luc vdn hgc cia hqc sinh trong nhA trudng

ph,i tl6ng Kidri ta hoQc thi cn birng tu6! biLi v'n, Du' dich chlnh Li hdn h in $'lc, n.ng llc .na hdc sinh vii vrn (bao gnm kicn thl. van hqc sn, L luin Yan hc i& padn !.. hr vi nhnng in iblc YE nE6r ngr ron8 vi&

tenc ot 3d kl4n Y.n hc (!ic Phan, !+ si{, rdo luu ) cd knd4 lt aic Lidn i}tc lich sl i! hoi .ninh rd Di nhiin d,j khdlg phAi D ndr n6 kitn ihtc xd hdi khn khan Da 'hda tan" 'iicn in iions ce hinh tlqng yrn h( Nh! vey khi len bii nghi lu4n vrn hc, nsliii vict mL6n hay khdng .!ns ksng tninh knri phaLi 1r nhieu

Bao hlLn

.3. xa iu bin chdt, vrn nshi lodn ndi ctrns l! dnns ll 1., litp tu{n, iin L}. lim {ig !d l]{i Yrn db ntu dd dd ns6e Nhu q fts ngbia thurE pnqc heliii dF, ^e!!i dnc, s. !d *1 nhiiu lci dn rtn rshi llan tong nhd

I{or bii thi li.h sn ihlc ch(! la c] l6u kh6ig lhij l! $oi hii yan nshi luln v€ lich sn {ndi dung ld nhnDg in bri nghi lujn n'a n'u. ih(c lhh sn, nhlig hlnh thnc lA 'n6t nhan dinh, tr$t d1!h dl.h c! cnng ln liD sng id nit cid v! nir 3v ki6n licb sn dd Nh! ihc tdi ca cic bai Lldd !€ yjst crla .d. idn Lho! hq. x! hoi dnu lA ac d$g b6i nghr luin, chi khA. d nOi dung du'rc den n &Ln Mc Ndi nh! ihd dd ihlr itD& Dad LlLn vdn le tr$i then n6n cna b. ni,in vh tmn8 nh! i i,n8, tht rghi luln *n h':r' 1! lqi bi,i d4c tun8 nhsi VrL vi+ ItJ nd lin lci biLi d b?'n trnc chtrdnE trlnh Lim Y,n IA ihda dlng ViCc rilv ndi l!{n xa hoi hiy nghi lu6n Yan hc lin lmi bDLi d bln lFns

.h@s hinh hlbh c., nghi€ng

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phd ilnhg L€n quRn dan s6ch

d?r

ngbi luan

c*h

yi b* rnD vai .ds

i hf

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e, ltran

day cd

l}*tr

ve tl &!ysi cing o phAn bjti v:i nshi lctr ean hoc nhlns

hai loai: 4hi luin xa hii ftDs thdj t4 nhiiu khi l{n ldn c- kj ihi 16. lgn4F phd lhdng y, .hi do dsi hc chn yetr $i sinh phdi lim bai ngli lutn xd h.i (l{r thd vdn minh hmr Dnn CCCD, s*h Lion lti quan nicn ddi D'ri anh &r, d.h chun& l,iLD van turg lhl hddns dd cd nhiau rhry ddi Mdt {rcns nhiig ihay ddi $ nh{. Ln .oi lqt H\i ishi ldn ldn he h lmi rtriLi cd b.. o .'nh dtrc thii .tu d{n dn n;Ly tons nhi rltns B. dL rhi tu){n sinh yio oic tdirDg ilai h@ va cao dlng Ciio duJ v:i Dio ho hh, l$r3 o 50 da ihi khdD nghl Lqar xr hdi Phrn r'i4 nghi luAn xd hdi vn .ghi lu1,n ydh he .h!. E di le phAn biet ndi du.s vrn d! .Ln lih sdns id, cdn hinh lhnc nghr luan rhi .A hli lci nny d bin dbu cd DOt 3t did$ .hoDg II. THAO T,iC NGHI LUAN

KIdU N,il NCIIT LUAN

Dnv lrL vin dn hii s!! oh,lc bp. Hio. nar iFn! dc sch llh vln trlbrg phd $619 dans cd nhiig didtr, 'l kndc nhau tons qun ni!n,. 6 diy chnns idi GD n6u En nd. dch nhin cna di ginF hm 'niih iDng qui tinh lds bii (hng khi clld n$1luan niab rhdng

ching bi .ho rlig. de cu6i

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v.n nghj lulD {hl muc dlch chfns cn dii lln' sins td vft da

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th(tdi phuc ngLdi dF, nsrrri

d.t dulc nq. di.h d6? Dii! nav suv d,!n cnns iiy rhtr& vno rihg neuiii vie-i, vn, nqi duns vi hoan cinh phdt rg6n, !n d6i iudng ctn thuydi phuc Hjnh nh! chlng b chua chd i d ns nnc 6i .iu$ h-d sina nelJi viti va ngli,i nshe, ncviri de Cntg noi noi dung nhuns hai nsvdi viti lihnc nhlu nhtn ihuFi phqc hai ddi 1!dnc khac au e phii .J hai cdch vidt knac au (ll cd nc[i{ la tiv tddnq h'rp r ihd Dhai r{t linh hqt isng dch ri€t Tuy var, dd xey d{Ds lrdi bii 6n nghl hen nsla'i vidi hro cins phAi ri! dlhg n$i s6 thro tlc nhdt dinh Thao rrc nchi ludn b nOi iip hdp li le nhlh llD si.g naDg cdch nnd dd

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tn vdtr do .nn nshi luAn. Nhnng li ld niy dldc hhl' &nnh bdi cac thad i{. 1! duy Nhu vay ihao t6. nghi ldn o li€n quan n{r thm v6t ths dc iu dtry nhhs }ndng d.ls nh51 vdl ihm Uc rj d!y. Nhnng rhso i6c t! duv nhu phAn ti.h, tdna hop, dL' dich, quy hap, d6i liP lI nhnrc thao rac dor llB ntc h loqi ihao €c duoc ritn hinh nhu n6L hanh dorr ddn la. vI dn: thao in phrn dch tL chia ltrh nhd d6i tuqry thhh nhi€u ydu td cbn idng haP lai kh{i qMt qtc y,u td nhd ora ddi i ong lai Clrg nhd thao .dc d6n drlh ld di in cai ning d-tn cii chung 'rrons }}i do', ih$ t]lc nahi luan khdng phai ln mii rhao 6c ddn hP Nd blo han nda chu6i ddns rdc 1! duy kni1c dich nghi ruAi Vi d! rhi. ,n teht Ludn phan fth khhE chl Ii tich .hia ddi tudns n Dm nhi.u y.ru 6 (nh( .hao t. rd duy phh rich) La lA su iien hinh hihs loa! d6ng tlc kldc nn. nhd l& rtr, dd, .lir, 30 sdnh T:1 hhi6n t(t cd nhrnq d6ng idc My cu6i ciing nhtm Ph5n rich inot ddi !!dns hao dey do db bli rau chu CiDg hh( v.v thld &c hshi tuin $"nE i'th d^n phai chi dnns d€i ihao 6c ru duy chung miDh rd .hoi. Lin, urdi bAi nahi luin chLlns minh thliins phei vts duns dn .i, plsn iich, g,ri rhi.h, diCn dich, quy mp so siDh vv . nhhs nec dlch ctr6i cnng h da chnng ninh nft chen I \E diilu Div. tni liitr bni d{dns day $ch ciio khda ldp l2 CCGD ni6n 1!d vdn cing d. di dp i6i Nhu vlJ rhro It i! dur d ihd cd nhilu, nbdnc ihao tdc nchi luan chn tdu cd 5 lmi su: .hn.g Dinh, phan iich, srri rlich, binh g1Ans, blnh luen. NhnnE $"d itu nghi luan i.y .d lian qu. ddn cdc kidu bni )shr lu4n. Trong chldng hlnh l,tn v{n d phd ihdry tung hqc hoc sinh dd h9. ll .huynl v! c{. kidu rai.

d dry, ch'ing tdi khdns lhic ld ihnng di.u dy, chi xin luu i rhon Ni{ s0 didr, 1l ihur{r d,i ihlc bnnh b;Li vie-i dda chnns Ninh chn ydu dnhs ihao

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nidu bii nshi lutn phen ch, chi ]6tr dins ihao

ti.

Kdu Ui nshl

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nghi lLLen ciAi thich, bjnh Fins, blnh ldn .hi luin c,ai $ich, blnh giAng hay binh

diLns rhao nic nEhi

Ihao .a !gh1 luin ld s( 4p hqp v, id chnc nii sd 11 l. nro dty iao ra bdi nii ldn ihao d. u duy nhlD lin {ng 6 ven d! do di b}i yar cau (c.i la luh d6J Kh6q thn LiEr d(ft n$. ihao iac nshi lun. nrd dd phai crn d;n trLnng li ld !a nhnnB th& u. rr dry iao, c[l bis., ngni luon phi) lich thi cudi ci'ng phni h!6ng noi ihe rT vio urc dich ph.tr i1.1,, or nghi LuAn si^i ihich, l,inh Eilng, blnh lrth hay chdng Dinh rhi ph uuc dich giii 6jch. Llnh giAn& bt$ luir hay chnng Dinh

lni d!

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kidu bii n8hi luln nao dd .n'i )tt dirng .h!o 1ec nshi luin cna kjdu b.i dd thl cd nghla li ft cd ih._ sn dens .h'd 6c nghi luai kl*c ,t vi n{ tn, J?n ha! ph! rtu.dc vl d!, Phln ii.h nl dep cLla hhh .{ns rhnn vii llu,in cao imhs tura nein c t ngril ,i /t Cd nhian

ro-i

chlnh,

nghl, nhnlg hiLnh d6ng c'b Hudn Cao c!6i cnng dd .svni <lc !l n rhl, hdn ad ti nhdn vri y, nslni vi6i cdn dla n nhnng nhan dinh, nhnDg ddnh cid c,ja ninh xuiit phdi

ndi lap dlihg qd"n diCn Dhil dinh Nbd rey le de licn hd.h thao d. blnh luen rni D{ la dcn vd. Phan lLh nhan va! nlrg tqin c t hsldi n7 ,i, cd nhnns di cdi deu lnn .ho coD Dg!!i td non hdn h?. .d nhntrs cii vri ley li,m (hd .!n nsldi de liaD !"h!ng cins sr- nhtng ngddi b6ns iln nen qo d hdn, tdn ko hnn, lim liir hdn srs imns h.n Diy lr uii .'ii rU

dhu rudc

rai.

dep,

cri thi€n ludns chlhli

Cao Chu

Thtn, nsu.D n'!u cia nhar va! H r, rrj d tr'6r du thd .hdi deP, thr. sng Nhdt sinh nL Lttn bai nnr hoa (Mdl dri .hl bisi .ni diu v{ii lry hoa nai)

ct c[i d]lr c'ra thiy

quin nsJr! vri lay Hudn Cxo chlnh cnn Cm Bi q!tu *udc hc n3i *y' (1)

di( 'ltrLadF.\rasd'tr' D cdi .ni

Dd giAi ttuyct d{oc dt toD, hal ndi d6ng hdD dd vjEt dudc mor &i nshi luln vir hq. hry v6i dE bai dy, krfDs thd chi dirDg n{t ihs t, 1..1n ii.h nheD v4i De.} rins

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d|!h rA4 khi phan {lch hlnh .!gns nry, n&dl vlll Dhal dl ldu chi' tlch n cic nhudng dign kndc nhu .{. dnh oich nMD var nny. Nhtng ban c?nh {d qnn Dhal lt|n !A ddt chidu, so s6nh vti .jc nMn vat tll&, C llll vfl cl nslron ,l!u Cao Chu Thnn vr Ydi hlnh !ba.r*r .hJth t6c sra Ncq€n ft5n thl ngldi dc n6i tl(t au dc ll]l6hs nlnns thd, di L3n do. iiD hdn, ihnr rd [n n dfp .{a hinh lltng dy nsndi vi;i phii ,Irzs ,n'l' nShb n phdi d:n a h& sa chi tiat vt nhnng suv dd lA thm

Dorn qdn ir6n vna cd jru t6 lin ddi .hi,;u. $ sinh, Ith cho bli v sdc a.io Tuy nhi.n muc dlch cudi ci,ng van IA dn. .6i ch6 phan i.h slu a4c vd d-Ap cis hinh ludns in v{i HudD

Nh{ vay, vi& B d! khohs thd iiLy ti!n. v\hi Dii (c bAi ghi 6: HaJ chlns n'inh hdc siAi thl.h hry phAn tich.. thi cd nshia ngldl n d! d! dirh hu6ng cho .s!di viei vAn dung ih$ sc nghi ltran chinh cna bii l) ch'rng n,inh, gui thlch My phan iich.. Thldng h6i dti iudns nghi luan o trr6i viLi rhno te nghi luln nro dd ihich hdp.

Thddrg iL !i n da binh giins n)it nCnh d; li lutn vr! Kidu bii bi',h gians vi phtn iGh .hi Dhn hdp vdi vie khin phi sja q noi drhg vd hlnh ihnc oic idc phdD vin ho. Nhtn day .itrs xin D.u lon s! phro bidr ldai ihad d. phtn il.l vi binh liin8 Theo chdhs di, phtn ilci, dng hdn binh siang v! blnh $ang.hi la n$i d.ns ddc bi6t cir phan d.h Ndi rri btnh giing llL ndi t6i yi& chi E 3r s:in Ld bnu d sina ndi dung ni hinh thtc .Lh hd! i]1. phdn, vdtr he Nddi itt l!i' sns id vA rhuydt pnlc 4!ti dp rhiiy d!& ! nghla vn Lic dlns cia nhnng rdd td hlnh |hdc nch6 .husr nlns viic chuln tAi n6i dung cing iiJ dd lilN ngvni dE rhiiy s drc h6g cia van hc, ihay F t so khodi .dn cho n3rdi th!'lDs rhdc *i ho. cho nen ftdng ihudng binh silng h blnh siArg nhnhs doan bich, nhtng t3. phrto vrn hc hsy Xnong si di blnh ciAnc n6i !i. phim, hdc hdl doan flch d'J. Cih phan bioi hai ydu 16: ,irh v! sid4. Cd nslid thiln v! binh nhu Hcti Th,!h .n nsldi thion vc gidld nh! Xuan Digu Nguri.

lr n,r!

!rr4^

4i b.n.r]n ..n n,e an. h ,"hA,a, o - p;. ,, I,gurr pMD rlch dng to1 'r' s ,r I'ri /$ri tLh d6.hl B.r''r,. " oi 1s irhrtru prltli, thuft nio do Nru binh ..1idt {i14i;ua lllot li. ^ghi drmn

drry, dfi !.o

hlnh drfc c,la ra. phi'r viD hm, $i phio tich td6Dg nhri thl.1 nhd vqy Cd kl .hi phii t vl .di drng t! itrdng .ira iic Phim

vi dtri Hey phin

n.i d

nchi. nhd! dao tuns lic phcr &ndr d ,'ls !r .nr rld chi i{inh, Lod. phnn il.h tji kicn .tn Mlri trj ihnc nchio ton! xa hii .[ !]rr nhen yar H6 rmtrs rdc philn er rtun.ii Nsrn cao, hd. phii .i.h hinh inh nhen d5n khhg lhrin ch6ns Plfp (1916. 1954) qur va &r IrTn (Ngr},n Dilh TLir osDg bii phln iLh sins nhiou hod: qt rhd phar ri.h bni doan rich nhunts cong cd thd ph.n rlch trit rric ph.D ron v-"i, di dr ilch ndr hhrD vnr, Ddi nhdr nhrn yar, phan dch Ddr biDh tuOn& ph6n rich rdr Lnc hDh .lbi s6ns rhi: hipn qua D61 t4c phdm nio ddi phan &h Dbr da. didr nghd thuii cia ij. phdinL cnns .d ire ihln rich D binh arb n$r dn, b4ng hhAn vit hsr D6t tib ..nr cia tac gja qu ir. ph:in,

od Hnu)

vdr [o^ v\ "u. o d dep crh .dc phnr (Ion Doi phudns dipn cia nd cdn h[c dich ctu bii bloh girng ihi rhian yr chl n vd d.p cda hlnh $nc nshd thui dd hjin ihnnh cdns N! nOi dung iao dd cna 6c phdD cho nei Ji phin nch, nt,ilu khi thl

vnn duns cac phudns rhdp ngn lrn lhong dn Ngddi b phli dnn8 dEn ui. .sq6n iac Phan ii.h 1! rud.g, phin rlch itn 11, phan tich i! h8i, Phln ilch tbdm hl r6i nhin thnc hdt" (?d' ,i4! 6Ji dr6rg iAaJ sd.n Inm !dn, &ich d! dAn). Trng kni dd rudn binh glilng iJi, n3!di vi6i chi c.nn nan dns trhnng kisn thnc nsn v!tr, nbnns ddn vi 1@ n'n qn bld nghq $!ai nn!: trr, du, nhip, siong diiq, i'r thd, rhd ihd, lu{t rbd.. Ben c?nl ltidu LAi phAn iich, btnh siAng dddc ei nhd moi d$s d4c b41 r'l kja-u bai nav iho_ hi.n ro nhtl dac idng cta bo fr6n v6n Nd dp irun3 l']l4n ph, v6 dep n6i bi coa vtn ba. .ghq thuai .hn kn6ng di lr B nhnns vdn dE nsoiLi vin b!n, thoe! I vln bAn

Nhd

€y ihe

M6!

Moa

tac nghi lu1n .,J licn

q!'n

ddn

lidr

rhao tec

4hi

luan chJnh

.in ltn

w di nuc

ihe tic

dunq nghi hAn, .hLlng t6i s6 ndi d

Pha'! loai nghi lu4n

vd ilrpr,, (DhAn rlch) "Hay.ho bidt Jr kiEn, (chD nld thd nao... (!tnh luir)

TFns Doi s6 tdihg h,p khd., ih6ns b6! ryii run bi d{u k1n, bub hsrd

Di I: Htnh *nh rerdi DC

b ,i

duns.

b biti

dinh cho

{ tjsn,ih vE

thao{ic

me qua hai lLiri thd Mq ?o,!

NAu .n8ng ndr chlnh bonc phoig oich thd Td vE s! nghi6p vrn h€ c,ls

I{tui ho& N€u nhnng na chinh

Hai lr, Phan vi nQi du.E cnn hchi lu4n (Mdl thtus Mo vt hinh ihdc, nO! thdng hdo vn ndi duns

Kdl hqp .A hd thdns bdo nav, chn.g giii qrjfi n$r dE bAi cu lhd

nslri viei1 th'o rac .hlnh bdr budc Nh6s cd nhn4 dc yr! cru vi! rh.o iic nghi llan dudc thd hi4n dddi nhnng dans khr. nhd "Hr, liD silng rd. HAy n nh fiqa" (chung Dinh), Hay dD hidu., 'Eay .hl ra

bni

nghi lu{n dir d(6i dans gi, clng cho chnng

DL:

di ra de xic

dwc

cach

n c su

(:em

d! nshi luor) d dev chl ndi den Y' dde ind hi6n lEng n{i dE bii ncn!

Nhd iren di ndi. khi frOt d! no! !8 t{v chnng n.n har Dhan tJch, hty blnn luan lo{c blnl' stdng . thl nti 4l

D! ru rinh cth ,

,rcrs

MLnh

r, .ia

Hir chl

lnh

ftriai

D! IV: Nhnne 3ia hi 1! udns ve igh€ thuar .Lli thd lrry b'n qua Dd1 s6 lic Dhd'n .Lia ttuan Diqu, Huy can, HlD MAc Tt thdi H 1030 t915 1tu6c nhnng vln d! nh! dq hibn nhd .s*i n da cnng tMy khd khuon vdo nft dlng rhao nic nshi tu6n o .u thd, non ddnh Jou ceu vb hinh ihfc nshi ruah ihe kidu 'blong ir6i' nhd "iy Ta ihJ xen x-rr da sd Iv. d dL ni$, iSOI h d! mudn y€u cdu dnr,s ,rizl' Sia tn t! rlrtr& vl ryhq thlAt ci! thd € lens han? hay nt6n phd rili hotc b n d,^ tu4l nhnns sia tri dy? Thu. rE tuu6n bh an! t! ddqc r'ou clu .'1d db nay, dfng h nsvJi vlgt Dhdi vlh dvns cn bl thao iic h6n day r'rc la pMi p^dl it n

tudng Yi igh€ ihuar ctu lhd lnng h$ v6i rhnDs bidu hien cs Ll; cns nd, vira phii .htas,',,' diEu dy qla ihd ci, ba |hi thd xdan Dieu, uuv cen vi Hin Mrc Tn va LAi €i kndng ihd kI64 ta! nhnlg i kign binh lliln vo nhnng crii ti dn nau _ nng si, hi Dn !d6. dd, in Dii sijc nhin khr.i bdr quan didn va th6i do khtc, de drng cd nhnns i kiEn, nhrng dfth gin kh,c Y! nd D! III a d! I cnng l! lci d! nh! iha Mdc dn d dAv ih& e chinn b phan tlch Ri€lg d! lt .tl khd $c dinh roo clu v! ihao e hshi luin BAo lA./uh8,'ihr rhi kn6ng

nhinc gia

khdngr, ,rd' d.n .nns clqng, ,inh }ndns dnng. \1 ihuc chii dtJ le tqi sidnA, ,inh ll/dr c,irg dn utn 1E kiin ihr. van hc sn v! nOi tlc giA Ne-u xsr kidr b;Li can c, vno hinh rhdc thao d nshi luin s rtt kn,j h! ltri d6i vni nhhg Lo.i di ihu rh6.

Fhai

dd, ftl.n .nns

lAi m nhnng d! t6u .nu, nar rli 6 nhlig kitug ihud hot tunc Dim eatr cnu cna Ljdu bii lghl lurn da he. ,{v h Fu caui HdJ & sdnh lRi tEns tlrii cin xlc cia tlLi nhnn ttua ,q ntd rl! d, (X!an Diau), ,{, nrd. lNsuv6n

Dlnh Thi), bd. hay r snDh nhnns r? dep knac nh!! d13 hsi hinh rrons Dsrdi llnh ihi,i li Ddns chidn .hdng P[ip tiong bdi Tal ttn (Quans Dnng), vA ,i,A .Ii (chinh Hnu) So stnh vfn lA N61 !6ns nhnns lhao uc cd bir .na tu duv l6qli rlleo lic n\ nhtN chi B sd gi64 nhau ve ftiric nh"u cda ddi 1u0ns, vE ioin cut horc nO. Phddng dien o dd. d thao t{c s rinlL dii! qtran tanc td6c hti! D xe 'dilh dddc ding riau chi s sinh, nlti .d ihd d{nh srd ding rd dd ih6ng nhdt, bang khdig, ril .d thd 'ong ndi g! b!

TNng vin hd, $n phrp $ sdnh rli ihotrg dung vA thild kl'i dc. duns. ch[ng r6i cho rtng, nsu dn cn vlLo hlnh rhrc nghj lu{r dd chis E cac Li._u bii, ihi so snh c0ng .d thd lA kidu $j ludng dldng ti chnDs minh giAi rhld, rbAn i]ch, bl.i giang, bhh luan Bdi ; & sinh v.n |llo.ong knong dd $unn chi li n,n $b 6c iu ddy ldcl.h Dn h€n d d ctu rbao ltu ,r nd phar hidn rhanh noi rh@ Hc nchi lGn, i'rc la IDU .hL]l hong dd nhiEtr rbao trc nhd nla nh{ sidi thich, ddi chi.-u, lic. he hm siins td, d6nn si6 binh nhiD So {nh hai iang thti .:h xtc c'1, Xur, Di-^u v! Ns!J6! Dlnh hi ra nhnns .h6 sidns viL vidr ch6 khac, itc b ryldi rhli lurn thi quy tlc so snL banh o diy trais rhji dft xi. l! iiau .hl $ dnh. Nl,{dg dd thtry,li phuc lsrdi dm, rgldi vi.r ph.!i d,ji chidu, ,n rich. ch!'( Dinh rl] ndi dlns c rhdi, $i lai phAi dinh sii h8i inm tanS ar', khdns nhnlg rhd cd. phij 3ini ihich .s!6n g6i! so sdnh vdh hoc $y cr ihe hdtr d pbrn Phudng phdp lnN hni vin hryJ o drr "h] xi" "a' la" "h! 'ey dd ihny s, san^ ra /@ $n i?i nb! nii Li._u bt oin khao sd! vn hhh thnc c'ra nd Didu hi.. hons d! bAi cing e dans thnn" dsig ndi vi nhd, k]]i do neu he, so sinh" ln n,ji", nhdng khi vidi 'Hlnh Anh ihih rbiln nug bai thd frins sidks lHty Cfn), ,6y ,,ro tlr d. (X!rn Di4u), vt Dt! trnt ,i Da lllAn Mtu Tn) thi ltr 'chl,n' Hotc b hdtr rot chni !

'Nhan x6t sr/ gidDg nhat va kle. nha! v! cnnh ihu a dnh thu hong h, b.i thd Tl, ui,r (N$yen l$uydn) vd DdJ ,aa rh, ldi (xuan Di6u). M4c dn d d4 kldng neu 'hey e sdnh' bhdng ihft chd! liL thSi $ dnh. Tn su phAn tich tron 6 thd rhly dng: phen chia kid! bbLi nghi lu4n th6 dc t]) o &c (cho dn dd h ihad 1dc nghi luan) dn h ph,lc t2,p, nnln do thqc ld .rc d$g dE nshi lu4n, vdn d! kidu ui crh phric bp hdn nhibu Dd l, .h{a !6r hdt 3d da dabs cda oic loqi db a thns.4c kl thi knnc nhau vi nhu 3j nhing di thi ddn thuln [iEn tra Lid! ihfc 1ac phdn di h9. vl dui "Sau l,ic d tn v!, lhrn vii chi Phk i$ng tdc phdm cnng €n c , N,n Cao dd ddn nh. B, xi6. n(v En? Anh (.hi) hly ihuAl ki no! cach nsdn gan dry dn d. Dn chl Phlo dsn nhi Bq IG.'n .' hoac 'E y kd I 5 bdi thd ri€i v! tdng imng ihd tlD Chl Minh' (Nhnns dD rtudc dny cd hhnng hc sinh 8i,ji un phli ,lich hoDg uc pbdh ]VsJl}i hsqm bif iddc d! bii chi ui ,q .,ft strs c,)a Nsq€n Thi cd ntty i6n?"). Cd thd diD nhitu nn3. nbunc dicu d6ns ndi 3 dtr lai dinh rlngj nm lAb vnn knong chl li dd dl thi nhunc cnng kn6ng ihd oi nhe viqc thi .n Cr. d! llJ vA t<di quA cnd .]1c kl thl qj suc n?nh sh. c,rm tbns viqc dinh h!6ng hqc t4p hAng nery ct hr sinh

v, lhu €J bon qu!. nien nh! &a ndo cho 'sdns sna" ldn d! 'phfc rap' .di hen dd h,rc sinh cd th6 vAD dqng l1 thuy4 ldn v.n n$l &h ri.n ldi imng kni Inn brl. \4 rdn da nAy, chtng bi xin ndu tdng qMt nhd str: L vb nshi lu4n beo sid cnng h!6ng {3i huc dich lnn .dng td hoi vdn d! nAd dd lhiin rhur6t phuc .8fti de,

nsliil lghe Do_ de! d!9c nqc dich dd, igndi vi6r phAi ven dun! nhiDu thad t{c 1u du{ nhilu ll l€ vA ihao tdc .ahi lldn lrcD8 quA irlnh lAn bli 2 Tuy vly kfi dm Ii d0 vdn bao sii' b cins xdc dinh d!4. 4t thrc tic LEhi lr4l ./.Dr. Thao ri. dy .o' rhd d4. na! 16, @ thd phai tll xac dinh 3 Dd ildnh qr phdc lep kn6ng cnn $idt va vln d! kidu

.& th$ e, d6ns ihdi d6' thi cn, dd dd tdng k!i, d5 pMr lmi, phin biCi otc kjdu d6 ngni lua., chnns idi cho rdns: hF sinh n€n ph6n chi{ c{. lqi d0 dreo noi duns nghi luAl danh rdng xhi lnn c!! kdr hdp v6i h6h thdc nghi iuan da n€! d diaD 1,2. cich bAl vA

dey

bao ltudi

C. PffiN LOAI

rht

duft Doi

dans,

nai va cia oi. kidu

NCHI LUAN

si ihd .hi8 n ba $dn dE i6n: 1 NhdN db nshi luan cr hF. 2 NhdD db ngfii luan :d hii

Nhdm dE tdns hdp

Trudc hdi cln phan v! ihd nno h nsni luAn hoi Mudn phnn ch dn cu vio d'li doDs cia bni nghj lu6n

D6i tuqng cna bni nsni lu6n v.n hec ddl

&Y'nd.v'nhdb3dx.ft&vlnd!Y! *i4 1r!o luu, xu

hddnq, giri

dcn

vdn he,

cl'ins

l,irD chni, ltuy lu6t

cdn nshi luin

xi hii thi

Iny ddi

cln chn )r hng qur tilnh vidi bri nghj luan dn hF vdn cin ding nhnns kiEn ih,i. x! hoi chlhh hi, cnng nh! vie-t hii nghi luar xe hdi v6n .d .hd dnnc kj6n ih,lc vrh hqc dd minh hqa Tuy vAy hd lo+i Dny vAn r.tfng thd ldn

chi fi

xd hdi, ihl dn cd l,y L,o nhie! ihd yrn nrinh hq van knong ih._ soi dd l, b.i nshi ldrn vrn hoc. vi dq, d0 su day kh6ng phAi le d0 ryhi lu6n vdn he: hi rhd Td Itnu d. 6nr "oi sDq dep rr thi nio hdi ben? Anh (chi) h.y iiD li,i siii d,ip tronc t d.;D nay' 1Da ihi 16i nshiip lr'TH 1933)

dla vio nhtDg c, riar r.h srt . xa hdi chinh hi, nhu vln db cir aa diih. ti han vi ihni dai d._ soi sins cho aic su ki6n vai hf yr cina lhi dd s4 sdns ,i,n N6 Ih64 the' ihay il,E .ho !i6. t hido .hlnh Nharn day cins cin n,ji rh6m. nhih biLi nghi lu6n vdn cd, hoc siih lrhrD chi cna mdr sd nshian c!u.

pho blnh hoc) ddi iudnq dnnq vift honn tonn thoAi li ddi iddng !y, nheD ddi luons 4y

lhi

yrn he, nhhs khi hly ndi d'ing hdn chi

nA ndi nlnns chuFD ngoni

ldy ihd v.n dd ninh hea.

vd h(

rbi

rdi s. o.i

hdn l6i ndy .na ho! sioh

nlns ptrln

sd dt phJi kd thoD h,61 loai nhrin d! .hrl ba Ltr igbl lGn ,jng hop, bdi vi .h!c ic d )hrng d. y6u dlu ngbi luan d c! hai d'ti lvdng van hm v! cuir sdnc ntrtr de sru "lrcng rhdi $'n bj bon phnn d6ng , Trung Qudc ciaD ciD, dny dc, rtd chl Minh dd visr bili ihd tu nhqin ,!t r vi *hd1E .6 .dnh dorE h 'th; ddu .n .l'L^ Lq hnE ryi! tuen ,,chi ninh hors bttu sian ,,an Tli tunE .dt rultn trth Lhtih ttnnt ha.E Phan dch Lii rhd isn. lni t! khuy.n .i3 Hd chi Minh gdi cho anh i.hi) nhnng cdD nshi sj sru sic n[ ? (Do rbi

.Lt. Td nnu .o- doan tu ta .li kh.i Phd tuLe ho.nE e nnt non (rr da" &t ddu rdr9 E' Ititlt hhdt \n ddr hdns 6 .har s'itE Dit, sn^e b, Hlns & s chd! 'inl Hii dd4 th.i. nht)! thd dtin \et .hitt EA hhhe .hd'..a tmi rnE tt, cnt !.r Tdn nhnLâ&#x201A;Ź dio ct Hoi bbn tqr b tdDt nil t:tL d rtu6n .1. La rbi h6i hi tn^E toi xt$i hht4 nhn n!i! nfti bn^ hni 25

(van h( l.p 10 PT. iip I, Nxt GD, HN, 19?2) Anh 1.hi) hrr bjlh gitrng d@n ihd iran !d ,tua dd nau bn chi nghla enh hlnsdch Nahs.d, nhai den h b!n! dn xuai Anh (chi) .d nhnng suJ nghl 91 vE tinh rhln thti di tar vn lao ddg ola ban niLn 3rc hiCn nay" (Di thi vdo dsi he nar l9?3).

Ijr lli

sich laft vrn td6c cccD thdy.di .hiEu d! roai idng hdp nh! r€n. Diiu l.r cnng d6 hie'u Tur v.y dilu

De-

lan runrg chinh iii c,]! nsvdi vid, Loai d! dnc hdp nry hldD thiy (n;u khhs Dudll ndi ld kh,lns rhFy) d c]1. $ch lrtu vrd cccD Thed ch6ns rdi, kh6ne ndn n, vi Lhdns nc. tn tnn" he sibh bans dch Mt cdc e ui nhnDg d! bii kid-u 4v xdl qua ching b chi dudc nhnns sen !hd'n ra nhnng thos idt i6n3 ning, ftog dd van khdng ra van, chhb ii Lhdng ra chlnh 1r, de hd ciois h6 hio vi noi n6 rinh crn oich Dang gia t4o.. ctr6i ciing nhnns d! !h! rhe'Dn hF sinh Ldm ihs !his1 va chdn natr vdi viac Dn vdn Nhrn dry cnng ndi ih6i dng Ngay cn nhnns d! n cnns clth sdr ighl ihar ighidn tnc n€n nid! iinh thtn ddi n6i nhu .h6 nao dd, dd he sinh thry thi6 lhqq gin s,ii ld hlu ich iDng cuoc sdns hang nsty Kh6ns ndn nhdng dh b!& hoc sinh ben &c vo nrdr v{n d! re h.i '2 .hlnh hi qud riru ildng $ ytri va phi hi6n th{c

th;c

ph,rc dnh

tang hen,

.!l

luyen cich

visi vtrcu ihd sinhddnsvi' ihidl ihu€, chnngtdicho rlhg cA nediri .' da (they, c6 giao), cd cdc en hoc sinh can ch! y .6i "ilDh huds' or thd .na d6 van lli 3,o chiDg ia Isi hudbg cu thd

M dq

En hay ddr bli pbln tlch ilnh dr.

t& hobg ihd T6 Hnu cho nbt a) Cho oi. ben cnng ldp

lronE ba d6i rdqns sau

b) Cbo b! con ndlg den

hF (phan iich bii thd btnh giAnc doan ihd) v! *1 nshi luin xd hoi (N€u .rrD rghi sau sdc Neu nhnns suy nshi va riih ih:n ihri dd hoc iap vn hinh do.s rhtrc ctrst laL bai hc va r. s6ns v! ha.h ihiao x, hdi vn kn,jng .hd kh6ng ndi

sdp phan

rbns kh luy,a a

!3' d, ('3"h3.

d;no.d.ng b 4h rao o-3' 'i" nh h.6ns b$c ' nh. Ib ngdd gl ? \'r *o i6i vial ? rdi vid! dd lrfr eh dd-

d dr'

? 1bi

!i"iEi ni "d idi vidi cho ?

Nr! \ir

iionc ba l@i nhdtu d. nd' hen chlig 6i ihdy .hl n6n di siu vro hi hh'jn diu vi roig hai nhd'r dr, do .Ju bo c,ia .hudns innh va sch gido kho Phd ihobg

I. VE NHOV DE NCHI LUAN VAN

HOC

D6i dolg cna nghi Lue! vtn hc la ift ciL qc aq iin hs., .d nshia l;L rdt PhoDg Pho d da dang Tur liy nhd$ d! nghi ludn yan hF nay .d ihd chia hm 3 lei (c[ns dn ci vtio .d-i duns ighi luan]

- L.?i ,au clu hidu va .!n thr tL phrnr van hm. . Idi yau .hu n6n dudc noi vtn de r:n hac sn . tGi Jeu .:! hidu ddac N6t van da ll luah di he. a) rni dt !tu chu hi&' ud oirl thu tL pM'L odn hq. Losi 4a nAy nhln ld6h ta iinh d0 ti6p nhtn 6c phim €n he cds hc si.n vtri haj hlnh rhnc chinh h phan rtch vj binh siin& Binh sidns !b dns hddng vro nbnns d.an vdn, nlnng doan rhd, nhnrs cru ihd h"y (.hr ydu li thd) vl dr: 'Blnh giang doa, thd eu dsy fons bai Drl n" /. t6n' lwh hnE Lths IId NAi Nharc Ph6 dai w *x hoi hn| Nstdi ra di dnu hhan€ nCoi^h tai sou tb8 tht na4 h, rei db!". Honc: Binh ciabs bai fl& dra cia Nsu6n xluysn. cd kni dnh e$ne nOt doan van xudi ngh6 rhrai nhdr Birh giang noi do$ leng vq .lnng Sdag

h6i dqn tlnc chuy€n yd nl4i dna Kin kD (aeb d! sd 6 vA di sd ? . lich r,!b vln 12. oD lIN. 1992). Nsu nhu lo'i db binh sihs chi ddr giAn b6! kj6! rhu i ren thi r4i d. pMb Llcr! lar dt d o qc k,du d. ph.i rkf, nhd s! ?hrn llch hOt bii lhd h' ven. U du: Pnan d.tr bdi lAd ddn cna xurn Di6u - ?hdn dch Dot nhan v?r vl ds: ?hiln tlcl nMn 6t chi Phlo iEng 1e. phd6

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hlrs

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'rhi du Bii nd ,rau non vrn hF vili Nan d s.h sido vrn 10 "Nhln chung vB vdn he viei Nam qu, cnc rhli kl li.h sn" har nhnng bli lnai quil vb n$t gid d€j vln he nrd dd, 06p r0), hoac r{rli quit vnn hc vict Nan tn 1915 - 19?5' 06p 12) vv . Bni vdn hm s,l vE h6t buyDh hudnc van h@ Tdnc ccDG, khi he d. khulrh hu6ng v.n hqc bm 8jd cing cd eic bni kndi ,tcl vt noi khuynh h!6ng an hq. nio do' nhu Khdi quri v! vrn hF hion ihd. pha rh6n. Tn cccD Loai bii nay d(d trinh biy chung yno bai Ltni ,ruft h6. giai doaD Tuy va, d! cd thd vdn dj ihd lddn 1s ri ihl. dD he sn v! rd knu)ah hdtug cn hc n o dd. BAi vun hd sJ vE ntOt lic cia vrn hc. DAy lA bli khdi q!5i v! n6i tec gia v.n h( t6n rdd. Ili di vao h- 6. phin cu ihd cn" nh, €n dd vi du: Tdc sia Ncwan Trai, Ncuy6n Du 06p lo). Tdc siA N$J5n KhuyEn (Lrp t1) knoa

CCOD ciig dudc hqc rhhh blLi ridns qudi chlng v! noi tac PhCto ldn cd vi Dd lI nhnn! klrii trl quan lang rrns lich sn van he d{: rthAi qudl v! t;c ph,t,n x 4. a, irors rr, he dr cnr '16 l]nu. Sd.h grro knoa kMi qudt v! tap lhd ", CCCD thdng !rl!'n bAy nng in $'r. {d. hw sd nrv vAo bAi. vidt v! irc riA 6n he. ruy vay khi dn luJan va hn bdi h@ sinh vrn ctn phnn Liot lo+ bdj vdn he sd blv dd nhqn dclg dlqc d'ing aic lqi dD a Nh! vay cd 5 lmi bni yrd hoc sn nln di rhi cd .hd xoy

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vi d, li \hn4 ddng gdp nrs khu)nh hddng hien hd.c qua nOi s6 iic ph:in c']l NaN Cao, Vn Tmns ?hqDg, Nslyo' Fdng lhni ki l93o - 19.15 vi dtr ,: Nhnng s,, in i{ iudng nEhq ihu6i cnr thd € lins tu5n qm n6t sd 6c phdm cna Xurn Diau, Hu) crn, Han MM Tn rhdi ki 1930 - 19.15. 1. dr J: Phin ilch viL chnn3 nin didn d bdn .na ldn hc viet Nan lir 1945 dsn l9?5, Sdng 1dc ih4 khuynh hu6rg sn thi v! c]!f rnns l'lg nEL vi d( 4: Ner nhnng nil .hlnh vE su n8hiep vln nw cia N$rin Du (30 dbns). vi d+ 5, Ttnh .An .htn dri dudc bidu hiqn irng Nhir fti ircng rt dla Hb Chi Vinh Tsne 5 vl du t€n, 11 du 1 vn 2 ih'/. ch]!t dc nN6n ki€; ha nhnns fi !hn. qn hq. sn vb Dtt khuvnh hldng vAn he vl du 3 ld loai d! vdn hqc sn vi mqi siai dqn 6r hF vl du 4 thvc chlt lA d! vdr hac an v! noi trc ri.q vtu ho. vdi J6u ctu vidt ndi dch bm t!r.

vh hoc siJ vd Ddr lic DhitD vin hoc DAy li n'6r ds di._n n.i dung b pllil N/d/ ,tl hn8 rll Nsliri vidr chi cd h, nnm bnn b. noi dung iap rhd trIy nrdi liln dldc chn kldng .hd chi dn c'l vlo n$t bii thd cq rhe- nno. .) I4 dL Eh. h4n & nat tan da li t1ldL,nn hF. vi du 5 ld

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bi di ihi

vi thdn

r.!n d6 li ludn tEn dud. ihd hi-'n r*nc brDg roai khdi ni€n, tlG. rg! honc dRy rhirh bli v.n [oc sn gianc vin Thdc i! J h!-ng phd ihdtrg, l1 luai vd. [e ir dLidc dN j vd oi hoig vr nhidu li do T uy vay kh, ,ri thi ho. ;inh hi s.ir khons i. nhnns vin d{i .ia ti lutn vin hoc Dd h ch(a n,ii bdr n61 bni Dshi luin lan

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ihl.h, .hung ninh, Phri ihd hien thni dd d rrdns vA iinh ctrlr .tu nnnh h!6c htt yIn de xa hdi nlo dd vi Dhai ihuyc'r phu. n'di ddi l!,?ng nno Jd tho 16 phai cia Djlh M6i rl dr ddn 3itr! Tmng sia dlnh, ncvdi De Dudn khulen con chaD hd, nclJdi vd Dudn rhuys! phuc .hbns $ thdit ld hoac th6i .d bac Nclai xa hoi, Di.). 6ng giiD d6 c6nc nhaD vE ki Lual ho dong, Ni cd giro hlnh bay v6i 6ns hi.u hftns va s{ btr hdp l{ imng viec l.nc ludns, n'dt dnc thn lvang chinh ph'l phd. bi6_u tddc qudc dAn Yi i .shia lich sn cna ns.y qudc khtuh, n$t nhiL buon "bi.h luen vc s! ki4n li.u -\Il aj bd cin 'dn viai N3m kndng? lai .bn bso nhi€u cu$ hoF ldn ,, oic dp .hlnh quyln

tti

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le siei rhjch, bthn luen hay chnng ni.h &€ud.nenhe danl hsdn nao dd xoy qurhh ldn ,tu l, (l.rx! CD, HN, l99r) isng bii blnh lutrr * hdi dd tud dng E oic chd da kn]l. inr binh tus sor vdn d! chion iri, ndr vd. d! d hoi hdc hdt vdn dE i! tudng dn hda. Nhu v{y .6u phan chis d. dlns d€ nchi tuan ih@ noj dung nshi runn h cd .hd t4p blns !6ns hdp nhu eu:

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th'rc, vin .hi nxjt nni d6i

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T6i chac Nd l. 6i!! ki ihuAt, si6tr c1! tn" (B.o Van nghq s6 12 20/3/1993)

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Ln bli nghi luin vin hF chd ding, cho s( ei !i, d, hF, rhi bdt honc nlnng yeu riu quan teng nhti ddi lti hm sinh ld phAi bioi phan iich, hinh gllns dc phdh ean hc Cir lng da y6u .nu phen dch, binh siant vdn hF thi chinc idi ldn gl N$y nhiis da .d yeu ciu brn loh v! n$i nhe v.n, noi trio Lft vrn hc, i.r viln d6 n;!o day cna mt! siai ddan vdn ho.. aing luon lu6n dqng ddn viic phtn tlch, blih srans .ec phdnr vrn hdc di khtng dinh cid rri ndt nhiL vdn, lhrnh tdu ndt hdo lft hay dd chnns Dinh cho mii nhin xlt n:dt ll 1., n01 luin didN nio dd cna {lnh. 2... rxn cdc br6c phan .ich, binh sinns. Mudn phan llch tdr nri iec phdm €n hed (h8y n'Ot dmD inch rudg d6i hoin chlnh dda h6t rdc pbdN phai bn si, IdD nh! thd nM? .ta r.rtn bo tdr ahd dd lint tha tinh Nhd thd htdn

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vih di, vira .hni nhlnc .nn" dunS b'n tong nxa bi kich d3u d6D va khdng ldi thoti' rhl 6 dng c'i hai phin CnD chuy€n vq ./ing A P 'i d6i lip nhau Moi li .:rnh con ns{i'i ngho khd d ll6ng nil cA Iot Lrei'j nerr'i Nqni, sdng .d& s6ng idi 6n 'nn bj ch6n vJi ircn! xd bubng, xd btP, imng lad dong khd si ihd clD h6u. con .hd tfot cnnh l' 't Phiilg Sa 'h'n biB nion vui vn dnh $ns: nhtns ol neniJi lao dong dde eidi ihai. duqc s6na nh! nhihg ngvi,i lam 'hn sjna trni d'l

Ndi bfu l.n lA nhnr !fu ui, 116r .6 srj NJdo xinh dep, Ndr Dft bi cud sdtrs diy di., dui di?r di, D Lhdc vin a i Ddt snc sdns cia iudi r'!. d6i krJ nudn vi,ng l6n dnns hi ii phrn. ri qin cdi beo

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tl.h vr binh noi .hi ri€., di ltu hdi chn, Droi hinh A Dri vtr nhir Doi ri$ ii€l Doi nhan v4r cna .ec pha:,n. Phai .han .ho iinh, .[o hnns Dbin8 si quan leng !hit, hry nhdr, cd $ii 1I ivhc b. phln .Lh bc phch nE phen dch, binh siang Cdc chi tigi dud. .hotr siins .ing khdnS nan phin ttch, binh siAns Dii .ich binh quan. ini cd d.D, cr Dhat, cd kl, co' ld6r riry theo vi h1 3uan rrng c,ra chi iiEr !y ddi vdi c{i rinh ih!tr .hurg kia yr Dhdng n6i d{c slc nsns ihuAr ldn kil vn cinq iny theo y€u clu cLla dd biLi

nEi Phnn il.h bai nhitr vat, ch' phdn lilh Chi Phlo phii l' Pheo !i B,i KiD 'hi'$ ^-h!ns nhii di siu hdtr va chi I hi!. ihi Phin tich ki hdn *iu a"" -t .a si. ihi Nd .ho d.n hst i.." -- ,r, *" "r ruvd.n Nhnng phit hiin ddc dto vi t\u stc nhnr 'na Nan cao rn Chi Phlo li , dav sn. nsnh pha rhiln v' dn' bie li iinh rh:n r[ni dao sa,u s,ic cnr nsdi bnt Nrm Cao 'nns dtY Vn J doan n'Y, chi ti'{ Chi 'r rli", ri"r' ary *t s"ai "e.g tons c,i lEu cna nlnh wi

d chuyin

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o hujâ&#x201A;Źn vd./'d4 A f/', rhi lhn. tnh nhar \i' rli ki hd. rlh.n yti Phi, phrD ilcb nhjn v.i A Fh\r ki hdn Ndi ri.rg vE Dlan vi. Nli ihl rhin r;!h ki hdn do+D d Iliha Nsri khi [{, ldtrr !q A sn O di trh'j'g 'hi iidl ih( ui s6ns lar lii nhd .on riLR. Nli 36ns rlns hudns rdi nhin cai Ldng md un Dsbri qm 6 .Lla nh6 i bnn ch6n nghe

\ s!

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fth

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Phu

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d.ns thfu. rhi vi ihar vnrr, .hl khi cdN rhrtr hay fii nai noD fhih ti!h. bi"h sinng rhd 1;(h ch6 khdns hsJ du $.! hic rhd nAo cnns chl chnng td ti rhidu i.ns khiru hal ihiou chdi !h4t nl! rhdi Bii vilt do dd cins kh6ns.d

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PHNN HAI

NI{IJNG CONG VIEC CU TIIE DE XAY DUNG M6T BAI VAN HAY

Chnn! b i6n hns vd knuysn khGh vie. kldn' phi 6 phrh Ydn hoc in rhidu sdc dO, L'j bMu. vdi nhicu c6nq cu kn& nhau. Tuy th4 dibu quan inns o iinh n$yen dc ln kdt qud gidi na khln ph, Ec rl,iir n! hd .is n nh phni thuyd. phuc dudc ngriri dc, ngli,i Dshc Nehla lA phAi cri li, co' tinh, hdp l1 v! hdp rinh, say x[c dons cho nsli,i dqc Ti,t{ rdnc 1rcns thuc ie- nhibu bai vidi .na hqc sinh ihstng ndc b4nh stry di6n binh dn, s.in cho tic pMn' dkc nliin rich nhnns i nshla ndi dunc v! hlnh rh(c ns!4 thuii u nd }nong c,j vo rhddn! phrp phan ilclt tic fhdn Dit cich kbc ho., chnng i6i thzly cRn .hen Dinnh mir liD nna n$yan dc ti, d,itu titrt .hnLtt thd aiq ht ptirL Ddn hd

Nhnn8 phan h6n di bin vi: li ihuyst, phnn nrt di v.o nhnnq cdns vi& cu ih._ dd xty dung mdi lii dn ha}

I. CNUiN BI CITAT LIEU A. trrJY rx_)NO KraN

Trilc

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2 Vie sii, 3- DE yau

trrJdi dn do dy phii dqlg ddn nhnig vi'n8

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oii n r! ilirtrs \a

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chi;'

3l vi

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3. D! ytu clu kid! bii chdng minh B/d. [ai] Huy d.ng kian ihic hRv chudn bi chti 00

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li nfl

.is bii yri va! he J di, td dra rsn

lmi rhnt

Liou

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vii.

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N.j rirDns sitr !i,o iirtr! rflni Dh nl,os n,i rdnrj ntn vi\o trrng hrrg Dg!.i !u rhti B$ nbiou .. hlrn tr'y (ung dbu li Yd. vd r Lo,,i nN, dd;g lini ird rnng ih(utrs.dr !e ti iudng trdns di Nswdn Du d. di yio tioh .rrh rilns .lLs tihs loai nsldi hri bjih ti i4n thi Khi thdt thi Lat r! dat tr.

3) Ltrar .n .d &o li l; 1., d rhi li Dinns din !htn! cu ihd rhiD la, sjns ta luiD di._ft ll .,i nd hlih IJ: Bd .r.tiung tto phdn ttfta bdi tEidi qtltt ran d4

I N.u n'dn diaD A Doan I Neu lui,o di._m R Doan III: Nau ldh diJ c

Tridn lhai

Doan

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ii l)

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li n6t di

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.iD d;i, hii hd! d \. n6i dutrs vt hinh rlnlc ncltr d;Li 2) \I8i dor rhar rrii li D6i kdi du [oin chinh lll n6i doan ciig .d 3 ,in: Nld doaD dtu phnu sin3 doan a phrD kit dolD (rdns phai bdp) DAy chinh li kd du doin vdn dang "kinh didr_ Md dtu doan: N,tu luin di._m

lin

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- Phlh

kh vi

v; d! DEn !r! Idns xdi thddns cia Nsqi. Du bro ti'o n'oi b$g neliii nhd.g nd khdns phri la th, thldhg x.j. .huns chuns

Nhnns

.sliii Dru bi d; uhs khds thinh, bi .hd

t?ti! Nb e ,1du ,lot khd. ,lrn n@ vi\ nhntr! ngrdi n;Ln loan trldis hui rrlng ldc

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cbs

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Nhlng dnh chh Nslrin Du hid'! Id hdn cn b dnh canh nsvdi hF nn NelJan tu hi6u 6 iil clnh ll. vd doc dulns riong l,lc sdng ddn nhnng nrlg ddc, nhnnc hh, nhuns su c6

nhit

cti

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Tronc b3o nhiou .6 hb. Nsrfn Du dd dibh dlnc chuyln '4lo tdne" chrjai h6o trd st Nhu,g nani bui.Npt6tr l,jng rr;i ihldDg ndnh Drdns nh! hiii bidn h, ld + rbd,

tvb .httu

hi,n

Nclt![L

Du Hoii Th,nh

- Biri giAng

h( HA Ndi . 195?). o aq. 'e. m, lir dnu dcn _LndDs phai D ihu 'nor thldgxdt chung chunc"ra hll dnu do Tr. eii ncu lueh didD ld.s ihldlg nsvni ctu Nslrdn Du khdns Fhii li d Dd

rhudng xdr churc chdhs. Tidp ihs tA ph)n g a dmn, rrc 8ia phan rl.h vn .h!ns Dinh cho ludn didD dd btnS nhrng

ds .v rhd ,r lt! cr oic hais hcldi nus va. chi6u hbn '1 cau cu6i cnng rn "Nhnng n&i bii . cu rhe, chi tf td pltn kdt dmn, Hdi Thanr khtng diih sia hi liDg ihddng nc{rJi xuns quanh clu idc d bin T.p.H (Tdn3 lhan . Hqp) ld d6n hai bidn rhd cna D,j ne. do' h .ju m didn dich v, q{u r,rc quy mp nAy phAi

cdu h,lc di6r dich

ci{u

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'D9c 6a4 ,D th(v Td qudc b thdi dep chl idi d6ng Thin Uyon ca nio r\d xj nahg ihier qo, Dd ihach anh bh lhny dnh ngn sdc va db sLl, n6 ihan n3, n$ hn !inh, nd dbng, n6 chl.. Dqc sdhg NAD Hu n8!di dai ldng sj khl ddi dugc Mns lans. Cenh Try Blc tht tyei deP, d dau d. sia cing ndi hnng ,cha sl Dudn can ng,y cili € nd @ Nni bp bp hanh N6ng nh! bidn da, $ng hAng x{ja nh! tihg itc lm tuns hai ra, nhnng ihuna lnng lnr .hin vdng ch,je len, tFn dd m5y hAns di6m ld lJic nnu lhou ndi v.v. vi hoa nao nhi6u ihn hoa hd elo dd, ho ban, hoa th hth& hor lau lia 1i4 hoa chdu, hm di, hm v?t A Phidn M!o, hG A phisD ^"hnns xanh, hbng phin, rlu\ vins, dd cdnh *n, d,t lna lft dr.s gqi ons niia xuatr d,tn liJ nhqy ao n$yen v! lu)an htt' Gi6 rhot r!.t) Dcp nhtr l! sdns Da, 1u6n ddi nhu n6t dng t'jc hn dnh, dlrr idc cha. to'c dn hi.n tong mdy Tjv B& bung nrr hoa bsn, hm g?o' (N$tin Drng M?nh . NSulln Tudn Nhi' er tu ttd^s ri' rhong .tuh \8,H,193i) Doan dn t€l dry du dhu !i!,, si6i thieu dng quil :dq. Sana d lMy T'J qu6c h thl dep" Sau dd ban ba do4l vAn tridn kJlai vd dep d, qu. lic phdm sdns l, dd h rtng tn .!u knii qtrrt va kI Ndvq. lql ldl cru hdc di6n dich la dr bnc quy 4p |ns b tn cu thd di ddn ldns hdp, khni qutq dj phdn phan il.hi vl tdng hAp (t{dng ,tns y6i phlh eina dqn ia phh k61

doirn)

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van

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lc,

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Dni tud hn'! KhidD

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rnt, .tdi n ! nlll) En ! ;n .bn lc ludi sdn Esi, vin phai ni4 Ptit rdl va chlhs 'ot

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'Xt

uo tk d gi,' bdi bdl chd't! ldte

Bn .6 khdns dltr ftni ddn ngen dD 'rtrdns nhd nq xd xrc nelri b rdi, c{i con h,J .iiil ,l!,ing nh! mu ndi !r.h .! tanE Eja! ?rut|a Kirul Nhnng ngla'i f ngjjiei nhu vay, n chE d0 b ds !rci s. lsi, nhnns n,q dia chq nhnns nu hns bu6n ngti'i, lai chlnr s!6rg eo! Tlr nhi.n ie hdi ci chua xda bd hd!, ra cdn ijfr d.h sing dai, ld bu b cdn thdbe brt srp dlrng nh! .an Nq Tn B!1, \di thort lrdns nhdn nhdi nrAu da, An sl .ao 16D d6y d;, liN 3o .'la hul

nni

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tu!

to!

Thic, duti bni Nsu6n Du, cing phong phn nhu c!i. dt'i, chi'g ia vt' ciAn, lai vna ne-n Cian kh6ng .dn n[. chti kni phd.h dnn 6ng, tsn di cei sq 'd hiln lAnh, c{i lnt bunc vi aii quer lhdi b6c hbr h! nhnhs ns{ai fsi trd rhddns n6c, diri 6i .hl bisl rkic hd6c ChAnA l<l TAnr hq

v! sd xnanb, s,J (hBnht Ta da n lin tmns .u& dli id6c dch Dirn3. dr &n rions cLta J dd rhrrh tin c[utrg .ne hdi hans hslirii rir anh sd Khanh rbhg ?2,.n,{ii,, c.i cldi nsrs vn chudn hd! ddn nhnng

aih sir l$anh ircns di,i kr6ng .i cd.i nsv4 chl di bd di xe d5p, horc di 6 t6, D:L n8ldi b vin cLl ndii Sd llhlhh de E ddy cldns l6i ni1 Bdi cii l0 cia anh ia rdr didn hinh Arh is dd Bn vao kni Jns ddng vn^ tay donc Mnc dnh, anh ia lai lan n khi iicbs c. vus no r!. srr ha! C{i hlnh dong chii chudt cna anh ra, ludns nhtr $c Dul bi dang.iih hi.h dd: Alh la rd dnD nlrrc rhinh rhi.h keu hdi kiu ddi, rd( .n iinh nao phAi ai dtu ei ringl Cd ia ddJ cirg .hAng dn .d gi, nhuns 6i m .hl dn 6i di "nd no fi, Thnr Katr It h!6n ld di, nhrns rbi .nng phai .hl rhihg vlo, dh

nhLi $oh sii, hudns chi arh Lhir li nh. it, ihlns tldne Dhi.tr, n(irns n.dng thl

Bb thi.u

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bi at 34p ndv nbi uk| Nh(ns hdn Lti d ti, LD hon8 riau bidu cho ng{di si cnt bi,

rinh, cho ch}.g ihMh nian n,.

sri .

hio_u

ths

lgnia t6.

LnnC ntns nti it ttdns nhi;!t, y6n1 ad,t di nia bnt Kitx Lhn rd €

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thanh nie!, dnh thdng phai

rudi ridr

or trdng

xaD da ndn cbdN .hrr chii chii di tin

rhnin nsat vay

Xrm

tRi

trsu cd duns idi vio .ry, anh cing khdns bi3i Btng dft chn NgnyE. Du d! rdur hi{ .,ii .tr:ii thdi cna hing rdD rhd hq ne 8ni c[o vjro tlrd. r\gLL\an Dd iii h rhE sdng li rh4 rao nhnDg nhin vii ding imtrs xe fti phons kiii, dtnc hong xa hoi i! sin vi dsn hbg xa hdi ch,l ngb; cins l€y on dha m6r phtn

(xo!n Didu ,\?r'',rr ,r Bao vdn nch! ei o d"q" ,r, r!" r,h6ns cd nr dnu,

1953)

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tudr di6'tu qu .i Dhan xi nhu ,rrons HoRn Thu, Thi. sinh. sd Khsnh .u6i ci,ng la (i ljrly,tD Du de tao n nhnng Dhrn yft rni hipn rh(. vi Dd $ng Dai ciu cudi cnns ctrinh ta nhah

Nh5n vi,i chi.h phAil€ KiD Tsrg, chan! tbrih nlon, chitrs rh{ sinh, rDan rli tinr sao, tao n)a lnN sao KiDr Tqng buii. di, nri xinh dep cr n\61 ynn4 Mal rrnc hn th! ttt qu:'nh cirh !na) Ni Ttong ld hc!?'i cd rdnS .h!ng

d!| rh! nd bui'. rrdi hh: Ds

cho non

Th(dng n$i Lri luin .ip lNng siai ltujsi n'6. llrn d6 Nhlm hone luan de rdn jv cd !h6 c.i nhjilu ruan didn. nhiLu i lh6c nhau rhr n5i dosi ihan b. € rlic tie-p l;Ln sdng td irn rddr cho tlns tuar did ch'l yed.

Dldi ddy la Nd hjnh rdns qudt v! Doi

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di,

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rddng lior (tldng dbns) trdn8 phii rd6i !aP)

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