14.02.2013
Institute of Sports Science, Karl‐‐Franzens Institute of Sports Science, Karl Franzens‐‐University Graz
Overview of common dietary supplements in Long Distance Triathlon –
A retrospective survey based on 1200 Long Distance Triathletes
Hoeden, D.*; Fladischer, T.**; Titze, S.* * Institute of Sports Science, Karl‐Franzens‐University Graz, Austria **Department of Trauma Surgery, LKH Bruck/Mur; Austria
2nd ITU Science and Triathlon World Conference in Magglingen (7-9 Feb. 2013/Switzerland)
Overview: Background B k d Aim of the survey Methods of the survey esu ts o of tthe e su survey ey Results Conclusion
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Prevalence of active triathletes in GER,, SUI and AUT
200,000 20,000 20,000
~0.25% of the population
Swiss Triathlon, Zosso http://www.finisher‐magazin.at/de/finisher/mediadaten/ http://www.triathlon‐tipps.de/wie_hoch_ist_die_zahl_der_triathleten_in_deutschland_si_417.html
Aim of the survey: A A generall overview i off dietary di t supplements l t intake i t k in Long Distance i L Di t Triathlon with special regards to • how many triathlets are users • usage by gender • overdoses • guidance by experts
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Sample: CAN
22/1 9% n 22/1.9%
SUI
n 26/2.2%
BEL
n 28/2.4 %
ESP
n 32/2.8%
USA
period of time: July 2011 – February 2012 distribute to 30,000 competitive triathletes response of 1158 n = 990; 85.5 % n = 168; 14 14.5 5%
n 36/3.1% n 50/4 3% n 50/4.3%
ITA
n 78/6.7%
UK
mean age: 40.8 years (SD= 8.9 years)
n 95/8.2%
FRAN
n 222/19.2%
AUT GER
n 425/36.7%
Dietary supplement intake: total (n=1156) women (n=168)
men (n=988)
decline 34% decline 32%
intake 66% intake 68%
decline d li 34% intake 66%
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Ranking of dietary supplements M=649; W=114; T=763 M/n W/n T/n
M/% W/% T/%
M/n W/n T/n
M/% W/% T/%
1. magnesium
393
72 465
61
63
61
10. Selenium
126
21 147
19
18
19
2. vitamin C
292
57 349
45
50
46
11. base powder
107
22 129
16
19
17
3. electrolyte
227
40 267
35
35
35
12. l‐glutamine
106
16 122
16
14
16
4. calcium
207
44 251
32
39
33
13. l‐carnitine
106
16 122
16
14
16
5. B‐vitamins
198
39 237
31
34
31
14. others
74
15
89
11
13
12
6. zinc
199
36 235
31
32
31
15. coenzyme Q10
61
13
74
9
11
10
7. BCAAs
199
20 219
31
18
29
16. creatine
77
8
85
12
7
11
8. essent. aminos. 183
24 207
28
21
27
17. taurine
63
8
71
10
7
9
9. vitamin E
32 197
25
28
26
18. colostrum
41
4
45
6
4
6
165
“Daily“ doses of different dietary supplements m
magnesium g
w
15% 27%
25% 58%
3%
< 250 mg/d 250 mg/d > 250 mg/d
46%
< 1,4 g/kg 1,4‐3 g/kg >3 g/kg
26%
m
essential amino acids
4%
w
39% 58%
49%
50%
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“Daily“ doses of different dietary supplements 3%
m
zinc
0%
w
25%
33% 67%
72%
m
8%
B vitamins B‐vitamins
w
28%
< 30mg/d 30mg/d >30mg/d
10% 31%
59%
64%
< 25mg/d 25‐100 mg/d > 100 mg/d
“Daily“ doses of different dietary supplements 7%
m
colostrum
w < 1800 mg/d 1800 mg/d >1800 mg/d
22% 71%
3%
100%
m
19%
creatine
0%
w 38%
78%
62%
< 2g/d 2‐5g/d > 5g/d
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“Daily“ doses of different dietary supplements 3%
m
l‐carnitin
0%
w 19%
15%
< 1000 mg/d 81%
82% 5%
m
coenzym‐Q10
0%
w
15%
< 100 mg/d 100‐300 mg/d >300 mg/d
28% 67%
85%
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n
Reasons for taking dietary supplements
800 600
m
w
t
400 200 0 illness resistance
injury prevention
endurance
strength
total
n 284 59 343
n 209 33 242
n 174 21 195
n 77 11 88
649 114 763
recovery
m w t
n
n 438 71 509
% 67 62 67
% 44 52 45
% 32 29 32
% 12 10 12
Perceived improved performance due to dietary supplements
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
m
no m w t
% 27 18 26
n 376 60 436
yes % 58 53 57
n 254 50 304
% 39 44 40
w
t
no response n % 19 3 4 4 23 3
total 649 114 763
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Inspiration for taking dietary supplements
n 1200 1000 800
m
w
t
600 400 200 0
m w t
own initiative n % 299 46 67 59 366 48
literature
physician
n 246 28 274
n 129 28 157
% 38 25 36
% 20 25 21
n 124 26 150
pharmacist
% 19 23 20
n 54 2 56
% 8 2 7
physio‐ therapist n % 43 7 6 5 49 6
total 649 114 763
Observation/guidance by a physician
n 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
m
no m w t
trainer
n 552 88 640
yes % 85 77 84
n 77 22 99
% 12 19 13
w
t
no response n % 20 3 4 4 24 3
total 649 114 763
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Conclusion: Overdose O d Guidance by experts strongly recommended Overdose can also cause negative effects More research is needed in this area
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A retrospective online–survey in cooperation with the Austrian triathlon association, Austrian triathlon association institute of sport science KF Uni Graz and with the organizers of several Middle and Long Distance Triathlon events
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