TRU Magazine: Spring-Summer 2023

CAMPAIGN

EVENTS

SPRING / SUMMER 2023

ADVANCING PRESIDENT TRUMAN’S LIBRARY AND LEGACY

MUSEUM HST75 Event: Truman and the Birth of Israel 4

Doris Kearns Goodwin on Presidential Leadership 10

New Exhibit Is "Rooted in Perspective" 22

TRUMAN LIBRARY INSTITUTE

OUR VISION

People are inspired, enriched, and empowered through the many resources of the Harry S. Truman Library and Museum.

OUR MISSION

To bring the life and legacy of Harry S. Truman to bear on current and future generations through the understanding of history, the presidency, domestic and foreign policy, and citizenship

TRU MAGAZINE HIGHLIGHTS

FEATURED CONTENT

Throughout this issue of TRU, you'll discover programs, articles, speeches, and photographs that examine and illuminate the 75th anniversaries from Truman's presidency. Look for this symbol for featured HST75 content.

COVER

A newly commissioned bronze statue of President Truman was unveiled and dedicated in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda on September 29, 2022. Truman’s statue is the 10th presidential statue in the Capitol Rotunda, flanked by George Washington and Ulysses S. Grant. Learn more on page 14.

DEPARTMENTS

2 TRU Letters

3 News Briefs

7 Worth Watching

20 TRU Timeline – 1948

36 Give 'Em Hell, Harry!

COVER CONTENT

4 10 22

TRUMAN AND THE BIRTH OF ISRAEL

The Honorable Michael Herzog, Israel’s Ambassador to the United States, reflects on Truman’s decision to recognize the new Jewish state, 75 years on.

PRESIDENTIAL LEADERSHIP: A CONVERSATION

On April 20, at Wild About Harry, Doris Kearns Goodwin and David Von Drehle took the stage for an inspiring conversation on leadership, the presidency and the future of American democracy.

ON SPECIAL EXHIBIT

Rooted among the Ashes is on view at the Truman Library, now through October 1.

“I’m spending the remainder of my life trying to give the rising generation a clear idea of what they have and what they have to do to keep it.”

Harry S. Truman

Watch the Truman Statue Ceremony.

DEAR FRIENDS,

We are celebrating the 75th anniversary of President Truman’s “Year of Great Decisions.”

1948 was a watershed year. From the Marshall Plan and the Berlin Airlift to recognizing Israel, ending Jim Crow in the federal workforce, desegregating the military and signing the Women Armed Services Integration Act, Harry Truman paved the road for new freedoms here at home and lasting constitutional democracies worldwide.

It is a historic year for the Truman community, as well.

Record numbers of you continue to participate in our live and virtual programs. Truman Library membership is at a historic high. Our annual gala, Wild About Harry, broke all previous fundraising records. And attendance at the all-new Harry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum — and participation in our civics literacy programs — is soaring.

But that's not all. Seventy-five years after ascending to the presidency, Harry Truman is back in Washington! In a national ceremony led by The Honorable Nancy Pelosi — and including congressional leaders, Truman family members and live performances — a new bronze statue of President Truman was unveiled and dedicated in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda last fall (see page 14).

This summer, we will be back in Washington, D.C., to present the Truman Civil Rights Symposium. Opening July 26 at the Library of Congress, the three-day symposium will commemorate the 75th anniversary of Executive Order 9981, President Truman’s directive to end segregation in the U.S. Armed Forces.

The significance of this civil rights anniversary is reflected by the stellar list of participants, panelists and partners. Together, we will honor the service and sacrifice of Black veterans, celebrate the executive order that paved the road for civil rights advances in the 1950s and 1960s, and explore the legacy of President Truman’s resolve “to secure these rights.”

I hope to see you at the Symposium in Washington, D.C. — or at other in-person and online events in 2023. If you are unable to travel for the Symposium, all programs will be offered via live stream. To register as an in-person or virtual attendee, please visit TrumanLibraryInstitute.org/civil-rights-symposium.

We could not accomplish our mission without you, and we are pleased to recognize annual fund donors and to welcome new members on the pages of this magazine. In addition, you’ll find TRU history, program highlights, and HST75 featured content.

Enjoy this issue of TRU, and thank you for your continued support as we uphold the legacy of President Harry S. Truman.

ALEX BURDEN

Executive Director

Truman Library Institute

Design: Design Ranch

Send comments, requests, and changes of address to: Truman Library Institute, 5151 Troost Ave., Ste. 300, Kansas City, MO 64110

Info@TrumanLibraryInstitute.org | 816.400.1220

TRU is published for members and friends of the Truman Library Institute.

TRU LETTERS

AMBASSADOR’S POST

Thank you for inviting me to speak at the ceremony honoring President Truman’s historic decision to recognize the State of Israel 75 years ago. This gathering was deeply meaningful first and foremost because we commemorated Israel’s 75th anniversary of independence but also because of the unique familiar connection between President Truman and both my father and grandfather.

TRU EXPERIENCE

Thank you, on behalf of all Centurions, for the Truman Library’s support of our Civics Task Force Day. We could not have chosen a better partner!

With gratitude,

The Civics Task Force Centurions Leadership Program

Editor’s Note: Elevate your next event, reception or team-building activity at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum. To learn more, please contact Morgan Jorgensen at Morgan.Jorgensen@ TrumanLibraryInstitute.org, or call 816.400.1221.

I found it very moving to walk through the museum and look through the historic archives. This experience is something that I would recommend for each and every young American and Israeli. I mentioned in my remarks, it is crucial that we pass this history down.

PART OF HISTORY

Thank you so very much for a beautiful, exciting, moving and appropriately ceremonial unveiling of the Truman Statue in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda! After years of Covid seclusion (and all that went along with that era), this felt like a wonderful way to kick off a happier time in our lives, both collectively and individually.

You all did an amazing job with every aspect of the day. We were thrilled to be invited to the Rotunda ceremony, itself, and honored to [be] with all involved. We appreciate you all, and all your hard work!

Sincerely,

Greg & Laurie Gunderson

I know that organizing an event of this nature requires significant dedication of time and resources, and I sincerely appreciate your cooperation and flexibility in planning the event with my team. I look forward to additional opportunities for engagement and cooperation in the years to come.

Sincerely,

Amb. Michael Herzog Ambassador of Israel to the United States

WE WANT TO HEAR FROM YOU!

Submit your letters to TRU Magazine by emailing info@TrumanLibraryInstitute.org or writing to TRU Magazine, Truman Library Institute, 5151 Troost Ave, Ste. 300, Kansas City, MO 64110.

“I found it very moving to walk through the museum and look through the historic archives.”

- Ambassador Michael Herzog

NEWS BRIEFS

Pieces of History

Three artifacts from Truman’s presidency have been added to the museum collection. Last year, the Truman Library Institute acquired at auction the U.S.S. Williamsburg’s captain’s wheel; the ship’s binnacle, which housed the compass; and President Truman’s poker table. Truman’s love of the game is well known, but his favorite venue for poker was aboard his presidential yacht. “You know I’m almost like a kid; I can hardly wait to start,” he wrote to Bess, as he looked forward to a poker outing on the Williamsburg in the summer of 1946. The president, together with some of his regular poker buddies, and perhaps some special guests too, would typically board ship on Friday afternoon and sail on the Potomac River until Sunday afternoon. Poker was only one element in the regimen of relaxation and companionship aboard the Williamsburg. The president and his friends enjoyed long, leisurely meals, and hours spent telling stories about life, politics, and their moment in history.

Blue Star Museum

The Harry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum is proud to be a 2023 Blue Star Museum. From Armed Forces Day through Labor Day, Museum admission is free for our nation’s active-duty military personnel and their families, including members of the National Guard & Reserve. The program is a partnership between the National Endowment for the Arts and Blue Star Families, in collaboration with the Department of Defense and museums across America.

New Traveling Exhibit

A new traveling exhibition shares the dramatic story of the creation of a Jewish homeland, 75 years ago. Developed in partnership with historians and scholars, and with generous funding from the Steven and Karen Pack Family Foundation, Harry S. Truman and the Birth of Israel provides an in-depth look at President Truman’s decision to recognize the Jewish State of Israel through primary source documents and photographs from the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum. Bookings available at Info@TrumanLibraryInstitute.org or by calling 816.400.1212.

TRUMAN CIVIL RIGHTS SYMPOSIUM

NATIONAL 75TH ANNIVERSARY COMMEMORATION

JULY 26-28, 2023 | WASHINGTON, DC

Please join us in the nation's capital or via live stream for a historic symposium honoring EO 9981 and President Truman's civil rights legacy.

Registration is free and open to the public. Learn more at TrumanLibraryInstitute.org/civil-rights-symposium.

TRUMAN AND THE BIRTH OF ISRAEL

The following feature is excerpted from remarks delivered by Ambassador Michael Herzog, Israel’s ambassador to the U.S., during a private commemorative event at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum on May 11. The ceremony marked the 75th anniversary of President Truman’s recognition of Israel, regarded as one of the most politically courageous decisions in the history of the American presidency.

We are commemorating here today the initial spark of what has become 75 years of a deep, unique bond between our countries. This is a bond anchored in shared values and interests as well as a special affinity between our peoples. I feel honored to have been invited to speak and reflect on these 75 years of friendship.

The miracle of the story of Israel, which continues to evolve and develop, is linked to a few distinct historical moments. Seventy-five years ago, only 11 short minutes after its birth, President Truman became the first world leader to formally recognize Israel as the nation state of the Jewish people.

The historical record shows that this was not an easy decision for President Truman. He faced opposition from senior officials in the Department of State and from among his advisors, as well as allies from around the world. Some of them outlined to him why it was not beneficial to U.S. interests to recognize the State of Israel.

Yet Truman was resolute, seized the moment and took the first step in a joint journey characterized by a very close, iron-clad alliance and partnership.

President Truman did so first and foremost out of a deep conviction, believing that the Jewish people deserved the right to self-determination in their ancestral homeland. He did not do only what he perceived to be beneficial but more importantly what he perceived to be fundamentally right.

Truman was an avid reader of history. Once, when he reflected to a Jewish audience on his decision to recognize Israel, he told them that it was informed, among other things, by his deep impression as a child reading the bible with his father, of King Cyrus’s decision, in 538 BC, to allow the Jewish people to return to their homeland from exile in Babylon and rebuild their temple in Jerusalem.

Truman was also well aware of the horrors of the Holocaust, just a few years earlier. It was not lost on him that the Jewish people, having just emerged from a systematic effort to exterminate them, were evermore longing and willing to fight for their independence.

Ultimately, President Truman has been proven right rather than his opposing advisors because of his strong sense of history and morality, and also

Remarks by Ambassador Michael Herzog

because his life’s experience as a worker, farmer, dealer and above all a brave military leader in World War I made him connected to real life.

History is constituted by certain defining moments. It is no exaggeration to say that his decision to recognize Israel was a critical point in the history of the Jewish people. People perhaps do not realize how easily it all could have gone the other way.

In that decisive moment, he courageously signaled to the world that the United States was committed to the idea of Jewish statehood in Israel.

I strongly believe that the values and ideas that underscored President Truman’s historic decision, the values and ideas that underpin the unique relationship between our two countries — and at their core liberty, freedom and equality — remain as strong today as they were 75 years ago, notwithstanding significant challenges. The United States and Israel stand today as beacons of equality and democracy in a turbulent world.

In practical terms, this partnership extends much further than ideals and values. Our alliance has

yielded innumerable achievements. Together we stand at the frontlines of fighting violent extremism and countering the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and the threat of terrorism. Our cooperation in the fields of defense, intelligence and cyber is unparalleled. Our collaboration in the fields of science, technology, healthcare, agriculture and many more areas critical to humankind is breathtaking. American and Israeli collaboration in the tech sector is already making strides on many fronts, including in securing the vital supply chain, fighting climate change, tackling food insecurity and preventing the next pandemic. These advancements make a difference in the everyday lives of millions of Israelis and Americans, showing the power of tikkun olam, repairing the world, in action.

Unfortunately, not everything is rosy. Seventy-five years on, there are still significant regional and international actors who refuse to accept Israel’s existence and openly call for its destruction.

First among them is Iran. Here we have a regime that espouses an extreme anti-western, antiIsrael, anti-Semitic ideology, nuclear and regional hegemonic ambitions, and a constant drive

to realize these ambitions — all while brutally repressing its own people.

They seek to do so through the development of nuclear capabilities and the buildup of heavily armed proxies across the Middle East and especially in the countries enveloping Israel.

As we speak the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, an internationally designated terrorist organization and proxy of Iran, has been indiscriminately firing hundreds of rockets from the Gaza Strip, aiming at Israeli civilians.

In the face of the threat from Iran and its proxies, we have no choice but to be strong and resolute, defend ourselves, enhance our deterrence, and continue to work closely with the United States.

We have said time and again, and we mean it, that we are determined to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapon capabilities. Such a reality would gravely endanger our country, the stability of the Middle East and the world.

Furthermore, less than a century after the Holocaust, antisemitism is once again raising its

Ambassador Michael Herzog at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum on May 11 (Photo: Mark McDonald)

ugly head in new and dangerous ways here in the United States and around the world.

The hateful rhetoric spewed by public figures, the targeting of students on college campuses, and the outright attacks on Jewish persons and institutions across the country are expressions of a centuries-old hatred that has long sought to tear us down.

The newest form of this ancient hatred has taken aim not only at the Jewish individual or the Jewish people, but also at the Jewish state, implying it has no right to exist.

I am here to say that the idea of Israel as the national home of the Jewish people, which was recognized by President Truman 75 years ago, is just as legitimate and valid today as it was then.

It is one thing to criticize certain Israeli policies. It is something totally different to question the very legitimacy of the Jewish State.

Alongside the challenges, there are also opportunities. A major opportunity lies in the historic Abraham Accords, whose second anniversary we celebrated late last year. What we have achieved in this short period is quite remarkable.

Together with our American allies we are working relentlessly to deepen and expand Israeli Arab normalization, which holds an important key to improving the well-being of the citizens of our troubled region and securing a better future for the next generation.

My friends, Israel is an imperfect democracy, and we, like you, have our own set of internal challenges. As a young nation, “only” 75 years old, we are still grappling with important questions relating to our democratic system. But let me assure you: Israel will remain a vibrant democracy.

As we celebrate this momentous occasion, here would be my ask of you: Whether you are Jewish or not, tell your children and grandchildren about Israel. Take them to Israel if you can. Show them that our country is so much more than our complexities and conflicts; we are a beautiful, modern country with a rich history. We are a country of a strong, proud, and diverse people.

My friends, more and more young Americans and Israelis are growing up without an understanding of the importance of the alliance between Israel and the United States or the values and history in which it is rooted. They do not know the incredible story of the moral courage demonstrated by President Truman in 1948. We have a duty to educate the next generation and pass this down, and I want to commend the Truman Library for carrying this mantle.

“Tell your children and grandchildren about Israel. Take them to Israel if you can. Show them that our country is so much more than our complexities and conflicts; we are a beautiful, modern country with a rich history. We are a country of a strong, proud, and diverse people.”

ABOVE: Ambassador Michael Herzog visits with Clifton Truman Daniel at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum.

RIGHT: Amb. Herzog addresses a private audience on May 11. (Photos: Mark McDonald)

This special event is available online. The recorded program also features remarks by Clifton Truman Daniel, the president’s eldest grandson.

WORTH WATCHING

Online Access to Programs You May Have Missed

CODE GIRLS: THE UNTOLD STORY OF THE AMERICAN WOMEN CODE BREAKERS OF WORLD WAR II

March 23, 2023

New York Times bestselling author Liza Mundy captivates a live and virtual audience with her story of Code Girls: The Untold Story of the American Women Code Breakers of World War II. This special event was presented as part of the Truman Library Institute’s annual series, Women Rising. This new Truman Legacy Series is generously sponsored by the Martha Jane Phillips Starr Field of Interest Fund to profile the women who found their place on the world stage during the Truman administration; to reflect on the contributions of women; and to serve as a catalyst for promoting women as activists and leaders.

OUT OF THE ARCHIVES: THE MARSHALL PLAN

April 3, 2023

The story of President Truman’s massive Marshall Plan and Europe's post-WWII recovery is often told with numbers. Now, Mark Adams, education director at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum, shares the human side of the story, drawing on the Library's rich archival collection. From drawings by schoolchildren to an urn of blood-stained soil to the original audio recording of General Marshall's Harvard commencement speech, we'll delve into the vault for a stunning collection of artifacts and a fascinating "Out of the Archives" experience.

A FREE WORLD WITH UNITY AND PURPOSE: THE URGENT LESSONS OF THE BERLIN AIRLIFT

June 15, 2023

This sold-out event at the Truman Library featured world chess champion, author and master of strategy, Garry Kasparov. The Berlin Airlift was a tremendous practical achievement as well as a potent example of individual and collective leadership and courage. With Russia’s war on Ukraine raging and China increasingly aggressive, Kasparov calls for an immediate renewal of the will shown by President Harry Truman to stand up to belligerent authoritarian regimes on every front.

Watch these and other programs on our YouTube channel.

Don’t miss another program! Sign up for TRU E-news at TrumanLibraryInstitute.org.

TRUMAN LIBRARY INSTITUTE: SUBSCRIBE

24TH ANNUAL EVENT RAISES MORE THAN $1 MILLION FOR CIVICS

EDUCATION

AT THE HARRY S. TRUMAN PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY & MUSEUM

Thank you to everyone who joined us — in person and virtually — for WILD ABOUT HARRY on April 20 in Kansas City, Missouri. Featured guests included legendary presidential historian Doris Kearns Goodwin, Washington Post columnist David Von Drehle, Clifton

Truman Daniel, Kansas City jazz vocalist Eboni Fondren, and our 2023 Truman Legacy of Leadership honoree, Admiral Michelle Howard

The 24th annual benefit for Harry S. Truman's presidential library and legacy made history as it smashed all former attendance and fundraising records. In an effort that rivaled the enthusiasm, passion and energy of Truman's 1948 Whistle Stop Campaign, WILD ABOUT HARRY raised more than $1 million for civics and history programs at the Truman Library.

The April 20 event at Kansas City's historic Muehlebach Hotel — President Truman's hometown political HQ — attracted nearly 1,000 attendees, as well as the single largest gift in the event's history, generously donated by 2023 WILD ABOUT HARRY title sponsor, CPKC.

Thursday, April 20, 2023

24TH ANNUAL EVENT SUPPORTING TRUMAN'S PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND LEGACY

HONORARY CHAIRS

Ursula Terrasi and Jim Miller

EVENT CHAIRS

Leigh and Tyler Nottberg

KEYNOTE

Doris Kearns Goodwin with David Von Drehle

HONOREE

Admiral Michelle Howard

EVENT PHOTOS AND HIGHLIGHTS

TITLE SPONSOR

CLASSROOM FOR DEMOCRACY UNDERWRITERS

Sarah Rowland

Marny and John Sherman

Ursula Terrasi and Jim Miller

PRESIDENT’S CLUB

Jane and Richard Bruening Family

Brig. Gen. Jack L. Capps, USA (Ret.)

Jean and Tom McDonnell

Leigh and Tyler Nottberg Family Foundation

Patrick Ottensmeyer and Deanne Porter

“THE BUS STOPS HERE” CIRCLE

Atterbury Family Foundation

G. Kenneth and Ann Baum Philanthropic Fund / Ann Baum

Bonnie and Herb Buchbinder

The Evans Family

J. Scott Francis and Susan Gordon, Francis Family Foundation

Madeleine McDonough and Cyd Slayton

Karen and Steven Pack

Marylou Turner

WEST WING UNDERWRITERS

David and Tamara Campbell

Constance

M. Cooper Charitable Foundation

The Evans Family

Donald J. Hall

Mary and John Hunkeler

Peggy and Bill Lyons

McMeel Family Foundation

Nancy Newhouse and Paul McGraw

M. Jeannine Strandjord / Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation

Jean and Don Wagner

PRESIDENTIAL LEADERSHIP

A Conversation with David Von Drehle and Doris Kearns Goodwin

Excerpts from a conversation on history, presidential leadership and courage, recorded live during Wild About Harry

DAVID VON DREHLE:

Talk a little bit about what history means to you.

DORIS KEARNS GOODWIN:

It’s one of the problems in our country today. History is being reduced in high schools. History is being reduced in college. People aren’t studying civics anymore. What better place for us, then, to learn from Harry Truman, who said, essentially, How do I make these tough decisions? Well, I know history, and history gives me the roots of all of our problems today. I get perspective.

That’s what I say about history.

History is going to come to the rescue for us today. We’re in a very turbulent time, we’re not sure how we’re going to get out of it, and yet, if we look back in history, we’ll remember we’ve lived through really hard times before. We lived through the Civil War, the Great Depression, the early days of World War II, the Cold War, and each time we came through those crises with greater strength.

DVD:

Amen.

DKG:

I think the fear that we have about “where are we going” can be matched by hope, because it’s up to us to write the next chapter of our story, just as it was up to them. There’s no better place to look than the values of Harry Truman — hard work, a sense of character, caring about social justice and economic opportunity, and knowing our history…. We can do it again.

DVD:

Yes, and I’m so glad that everyone here tonight got to see that video* and become aware of how much the Truman Library and Truman Library Institute do

in the area of education, and how central that is to our mission…. The story that those kids were working on in the White House Decision Center is one of the great decisions of 1948. On June 24th, the Soviet Union threw up a blockade on the one road and the one railroad leading in and out of occupied Berlin. They wanted to force the Allies out of Berlin and ultimately out of Germany, which would have changed history for all time. Harry Truman knew that it would be unwise to risk a war with the Soviet Union, but he couldn’t let the Allies be pushed out. He endorsed this extraordinary effort to fly in and out of Berlin, everything a major city would need to survive. By the time the Berlin Airlift was at its peak, an airplane was landing every 45 seconds to be unloaded. All the bread, the sugar, the clothing, the hygiene products, the coal to heat the houses and generate the electricity, everything had to go in and out on airplanes, flying over any aircraft guns of the Soviet Union, back and forth, risking an international incident on every trip. An extraordinary effort that ultimately succeeded.

DKG:

Yes, it’s an amazing thing. I was reading your essay about the Berlin Airlift, and I think one of the most moving moments was when you talked about the fact that the Germans used to look at the sky with terror during the war, that the bombs would be raining down on them, and now they looked at the sky with hope. Then you see that exhibit in the Truman Library where they finally realize they could drop little parachutes with candy for the kids, and the kids are waiting for this to happen. It’s just an extraordinary moment.

In 1940, we could never have done what we did with the Berlin Airlift, because we were only 18th in military power. It’s astonishing to recognize

“The ultimate standard for judging our leaders character is what we have to teach our children. Character is what Harry Truman had in spades, and that’s why I’m so proud to be learning more and more about him.”

– Doris Kearns Goodwin

how little we had. The military establishment had disintegrated since World War I. As a result, we had only 500 fighter planes, a one-day supply in Germany. When Germany’s Blitzkrieg went through, conquering all of Western Europe, leaving England standing alone, FDR desperately wanted to help, but he had so few weapons to do so, and he decided that he had to do it no matter what. It was the same courage that I think Truman had, knowing he was going to take a risk, that he could escalate this war with Soviet Union over the Berlin Airlift, but he was going to do it because he had to do it.

DVD:

We could go all night about Truman’s 1948 decisions! In July 1948, Gallup asked, “Do you think desegregating the military is a good idea?” Only 28 percent of Americans said yes; 60 percent thought it was a poor idea. Harry Truman heard from his own friends. He wrote back to one of them, “The reason you don’t support me is you haven’t thought through this, and you don’t know

what you’re talking about, but someday, I’ll be happy to explain it to you.” He pledged to see it through, and this is a thing he had in common with Johnson. It needed to be these two Southerners who led on this, because you’re right, America was moving, but these were moments of great presidential leadership where somebody has to take the lead and take the risk. In Truman’s case, the Southern Democrats walked out of his party in the year that he was running for president. The reason that “Dewey Defeats Truman” headline was out there was because nobody thought he could win, and yet he was vindicated… This story of Roosevelt to Truman to Johnson is a great story, and we hope that you might want to tell the middle of it in one of your upcoming books.

DKG:

There’s no question there. There’s a real link between President Truman and President Johnson. When you go to the library today, you’ll see what Truman says when he’s criticized for his decision:

“I’d rather be right than president.” That’s the courage. That’s what you hope for in a leader, and we have to teach it to our young children. You want to have an ambition that’s not just for your own power. The ambition is for some greater good. Johnson had the same thing. When he decided after John Kennedy died to make the so-far failed civil rights goal, his advisors said, “You can’t do that. You have an election coming up in 11 months. You will fail. There’ll be a filibuster. You’ll get nothing through the Congress.” The president has only a certain amount of currency, they told him, and you cannot spend it on this. Then Johnson famously said, “Then what the hell is the presidency for?” I can just hear Harry Truman saying exactly the same thing.

Photo: Mark McDonald

* Watch the video, "Classroom for Democracy," on the Institute's YouTube channel.

THE BERLIN AIRLIFT

June 26 marked the 75th anniversary of the beginning of the Berlin Airlift, America’s first major test of resolve during the Cold War and one of the largest humanitarian aid missions in history.

238,671 FLIGHTS equating over 124 million miles flown. That’s like flying to the moon 524 times.

2.3 M TONS OF CARGO, including food for 2 million people, was delivered. This is the weight of 6 Empire State Buildings.

UNCLE WIGGLY WINGS: THE BERLIN BLOCKADE CANDY BOMBER

In June 1948, the Soviets blocked land, rail and water access to West Berlin, isolating it from Soviet controlled east Germany.

Its citizens were trapped, and their food and power were running out. A few days later, President Truman ordered a full-scale airlift, and for more than a year Western Allies sent over 200,000 flights to the blockaded city, loaded with flour, fuel and other needed goods.

Lieutenant Gail Halvorsen, an airlift pilot, was out sightseeing near the main landing base.

“There was a barbed-wire fence all the way around the air base to keep people off the runways. Right against the barbed wire, on their side, kids started to gather,” he said.

As he approached the kids, they no longer saw him as an enemy who had dropped bombs on them just three years before. Halvorsen was deeply touched by the warm reception from these children, who had suffered so much.

“They were so grateful for flour to be free. They wouldn’t beg for something so extravagant as chocolate. I reached in my pocket to see, ‘Well, I got anything?’ And the only thing I had was two sticks of Wrigley’s Doublemint gum. And their eyes got big when they remembered what sweets were like.”

Halvorsen promised he would get them more candy…by dropping it from his plane. The

lieutenant didn’t have permission to make the drop and didn’t know how he would accomplish it. He bought all the candy he could from the base and asked his fellow airmen to share their rations.

But there was another challenge: dropping candy from that height, and at that speed, could hurt someone.

So Halverson came up with an idea: mini-parachutes.

To signal that candy was coming, Halvorsen wiggled the wings of his plane.

Each time, the crowd of children grew, and he began getting letters addressed to “Uncle Wiggly Wings.”

The “Candy Bomber” became an overnight sensation. And soon, the Air Force, along with many American citizens, was supporting what became known as Operation Little Vittles.

Candy and handkerchief makers donated boxcar loads of supplies and schoolchildren in the U.S. prepared parachutes.

Two sticks of gum turned into 23 tons.

ALL NEW TRU

EVERY 3 MINUTES planes landed in Berlin. Pilots flew day and night, 7 days a week.

100M GALLONS OF FUEL was required for the airlift, enough to power 1 million road trips across the USA.

Experience this gallery highlight and more at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum.

HALLS OF H STORY STANDING IN THE

More than 75 years after ascending to the presidency, Harry Truman is back in Washington, D.C.

In a national ceremony led by The Honorable Nancy Pelosi — and including congressional leaders, Truman family members and live performances — a new bronze statue of President Truman was unveiled and dedicated in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda on September 29, 2022.

President Truman may be remembered largely in black-and-white, but he is a 21st-century standard for presidential leadership and public service. His story is our story, America’s story. It has been the honor of a lifetime to be part of this 20-year effort to bring Truman back to Washington — and to be able to experience the moment with a large delegation of Truman Library Institute board members, donors and friends.

Visit TrumanLibraryInstitute.org/trumanstatue for video highlights, photo albums and the Truman Statue Donor Honor Roll.

TRUMAN STATUE STORY AND DONOR HONOR ROLL

“It’s great for us to see him now in the building he loved, in a democracy he cherished, in a world that he did so much to design and create and make what it is today.... No president in such a short period of time made more consequential decisions than Harry Truman.”

“Were he with us today, my grandfather would be honored and humbled. He loved the United States of America, he loved the work of government, he loved this very building. He took the job seriously, but never himself. He did what he did for the greater good, not the greater glory.”

“From ending World War II to forming the United Nations and NATO, to charting a course for civil rights – [and by] every measurement upon which presidents are scrutinized – Truman is... one of our nation’s greatest leaders. From this day forward, may [his] statue serve as a reminder of his courage, and the courage we need to have to take on projects that will help build this nation.”

- The Honorable Roy Blunt

- Clifton Truman Daniel

- The Honorable Emanuel Cleaver II

Photo: AP Photo/Andrew Harnik

“Today we gather to celebrate Harry Truman and the greatest gift he gave to our nation: his unyielding commitment to democracy.”

- The Honorable Nancy Pelosi

Photo: AP Photo/Andrew Harnik

JANUARY 7

President Truman delivers his Annual Message to Congress, later known as the State of the Union Address.

JANUARY 30

President Truman issues statement following the assassination of Mohandas K. Gandhi, saying, “He did not live to witness the full realization of those ideals for which he struggled, but his life and his work will be through the years to come the greatest monument to him.”

TRU TIMELINE

LEFT: January 30, 1948

BELOW: May 14, 1948

MAY 14

At midnight the Provisional Government of Israel proclaims a new State of Israel. Eleven minutes later, President Truman formally recognizes the nascent state.

FEBRUARY 2

President Truman delivers a “Special Message to Congress on Civil Rights.” In the 3,095-word address, Truman calls for anti-lynching legislation, fair housing oversight, greater protection of the right to vote, an end to discrimination in the federal workforce, and the abolition of Jim Crow practices in the U.S. Armed Forces. It is the first message of its kind by a sitting U.S. president.

MARCH 30

The 1948 Housing and Rent Act is signed by President Truman, who notes: “This bill does not carry out all the recommendations I have made to the Congress for stronger rent control legislation, and will not give tenants all the protection they should have during the present housing shortage. Nevertheless, the bill is better than no rent control at all.”

APRIL 3

President Truman signs the Economic Assistance Act, commonly known as the Marshall Plan. The Act authorizes the creation of a program to help European nations recover and rebuild after the devastation of World War II.

JUNE 12

Women’s Armed Services Integration Act is signed by President Truman, enabling women to serve as permanent, regular members of the armed forces. Prior to this date, women, with the exception of nurses, served in the military only in times of war.

JUNE 14

With President Truman’s signature, the United States joins the World Health Organization.

JUNE 25

Truman signs the Displaced Persons Act of 1948, authorizing 205,000 displaced Europeans admission into the United States over two years.

LEFT: June 12, 1948

RIGHT: June 26,1948

COMMEMORATING THE 75TH ANNIVERSARIES OF TRUMAN’S PRESIDENCY AND

DECISIVE LEADERSHIP

JUNE 26

Truman orders the airlifting of supplies into West Berlin in partnership with the British. More than 2.3 million tons of cargo are delivered over the next year.

JULY 20

For only the second time in U.S. history, President Truman issues a peacetime draft amid increasing Cold War tensions.

JULY 26

President Truman signs Executive Orders 9980 and 9981, ending racial segregation in the federal workforce and U.S. Armed Forces, respectively.

NOVEMBER 2

Truman is elected to his second term as president, contrary to the forecasts of newspapers and poll takers who had almost unanimously predicted his defeat.

NOVEMBER 21

President Truman moves into the historic Blair House while the White House is renovated. The multi-year renovation would cost $5.7 million.

DECEMBER 10

ABOVE: July 26, 1948

The United Nations unanimously adopts the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, spearheaded by Eleanor Roosevelt. President Truman had designated her as his representative to the UN, calling her the “First Lady to the World.”

JULY 15

President Harry S. Truman is nominated for his first full term at the Democratic Convention in Philadelphia.

SEPTEMBER 17

ABOVE: July 15, 1948

BELOW: October 29, 1948

The president boards the Ferdinand Magellan at Washington, D.C.’s Union Station, officially beginning his 21,000mile whistle-stop campaign.

OCTOBER 29

Harry S. Truman is the first presidential candidate to campaign in Harlem.

ABOVE: December 10, 1948

BELOW: November 2, 1948

ROOTED IN PERSPECTIVE

Rooted among The Ashes: Hibakujumoku / A–Bombed Trees

Before Katy McCormick accompanied her husband on a 2008 Japan trip to examine collections of survivor images and stories from the World War II atomic bombings, she’d been working on a project photographing the monuments and landscaping on the Washington Mall.

“We went to a commemoration in the Peace Park in Hiroshima, and I was really struck by all of the museums and monuments dedicated to peace,” McCormick recalls. “It was kind of a contrast with the war memorials in Washington; a very interesting conjuncture.”

Captivated by a new perspective on the atomic bombs the U.S. dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, McCormick spent the next few days wandering around in Hiroshima — a decision that would shape the prospects of her photography career — which you can learn more about on your next visit to the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum.

“I came upon this amazing tree in a touristy area near Hiroshima Castle,” she says. “There was a eucalyptus tree that was very strange — very large, very contorted, very twisted. It was unlike any eucalyptus tree I’d seen before, so I looked closely at it and there was a tag on it that said, ‘a bomb tree, 707 meters from the hypocenter,’ which is a reference to ground zero. That immediately just blew me away. This tree had withstood this horrendous, catastrophic moment in history, and it’s alive, it’s thriving.”

Over the next few days, McCormick found several trees with similar tags noting that they had survived the atomic bombing, and she knew then she would one day return to Japan to photograph as many of the surviving trees, or hibakujumoku, she could find in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

THE DECISION TO DROP THE BOMB

The atomic bombings that led to the end of World War II remain one of President Truman’s most controversial decisions while in office. After the blasts killed over 100,000 Japanese civilians, Japan surrendered to the U.S.

“I think what’s been most important to me is the folks I have encountered in Japan spend very little time or energy cursing the bomb or the decision and rather urgently focus on never having that happen to anyone else again,” McCormick says. Between 2013 and 2018, she returned to Japan four times to capture imagines of the A-bombed trees.

McCormick has photographed survivor trees among school yards, temple grounds, and city squares, where they stand as living memorials of the bombings. The project ultimately led to her connecting with Clifton Truman Daniel, President Truman’s oldest grandson and honorary chairman of the Truman Library Institute.

“To me, the trees represent resiliency and new life in the wake of horrific tragedy,” says Daniel. “This unique exhibit will give visitors a chance to pause and reflect on the impact of war and the importance of reconciliation.”

ROOTED AMONG THE ASHES

Until October 1, general admission tickets to the Truman Library will also grant visitors access to McCormick’s photographic collection Rooted among the Ashes: Hibakujumoku/A-Bombed Trees.

Displayed in a traditional Japanese manner, the photographs are presented on bamboo prints reminiscent of scrolls. Unprotected by glass or frames, the images will move and sway as people walk past.

McCormick encourages patrons to take in the atmosphere of the exhibition — the soundscape modeled to reflect Hiroshima and Nagasaki, complementing photographic images, videos with alternative views of the trees, and testimonials that provide a sense of what it was like to live through the bombings.

“I experienced these trees in a very powerful way because I was standing before them. I could reach out and touch them,” McCormick says. “But how can we get close to that in a print? I wanted to put the viewer in relation to the print so they understand the necessary care and the vulnerability that is present. When you don’t have glass in front of large photographs, one is more likely to feel immersed and be part of it.”

Before embarking on her photographic journey, McCormick hadn’t spent much time thinking about how the bombings impacted the people who lived in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. She hopes the exhibition challenges visitors to think about the consequences of conflict, the importance of pain, and the fragility of life.

“The exhibition really emphasizes the beauty of hope, the sustained survivorship of people who underwent this terrible thing — the Japanese certainly were not innocent in that war, but the civilians who died were like sacrificial lambs,” McCormick says.

“I want the exhibition to be a place of reflection, of seeing history in a different way — not only in a negative light but also in a light in which people who are survivors today say never again.”

Artist Katy McCormick at the exhibition opening (Photo: Dean Davison)

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GIVE EM HELL, HARRY

August 18, 1948

Dear Ernie:

I appreciated very much your letter of last Saturday night from Hotel Temple Square in the Mormon Capital.

I am going to send you a copy of the report of my Commission on Civil Rights and then if you still have that antebellum proslavery outlook, I’ll be thoroughly disappointed in you.

The main difficulty with the South is that they are living eighty years behind the times and the sooner they come out of it the better it will be for the country and themselves. I am not asking for social equality, because no such thing exists, but I am asking for equality of opportunity for all human beings and, as long as I stay here, I am going to continue that fight. When the mob gangs can take four people out and shoot them in the back, and everybody in the country is acquainted with who did the shooting and nothing is done about it, that country is in pretty bad fix from a law enforcement standpoint.

When a Mayor and a City Marshal can take a negro Sergeant off a bus in South Carolina, beat him up and put out one of his eyes, and nothing is done about it by the State authorities, something is radically wrong with the system.

On the Louisiana and Arkansas Railway when coal burning locomotives were used the negro firemen were the thing because it was a back breaking job and a dirty one. As soon as they turned to oil as a fuel it became customary for people to take shots at the negro firemen and a number were murdered because it was thought that this was now a white-collar job and should go to a white man.

ABOVE: EXECUTIVE ORDER 9981

75 years ago, President Truman demanded the desegregation of the U.S. Armed Forces with Executive Order 9981. Now considered one of our nation's 100 milestone documents, E.O. 9981 committed the federal government to integrating the Jim Crow military. The following month, President Truman issued a letter (right) to a friend who advised Harry to "just let the South be the South."

RIGHT:

President Harry S. Truman speaks from a rostrum on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial as he addresses the closing session of the 38th annual conference of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Date: June 29, 1947

Credit: TrumanLibrary.gov

I can’t approve of such goings on and I shall never approve it, as long as I am here, as I told before. I am going to try to remedy it and if that ends up in my failure to be reelected, that failure will be a good cause.

I know you haven’t thought this thing through and that you do not know the facts. I am happy, however, that you wrote me because it gives me a chance to tell you what the facts are.

Sincerely yours,

Mr. E.W. Roberts c/o Faultless Starch Company Kansas City, Missouri

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