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THE MASSACHUSETTS
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DAILY COLLEGIAN DailyCollegian.com
Thursday, January 23, 2013
Sen. Warren visits UMass on statewide ‘Future’ tour
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Autism research changes thinking UMass club adjusts to shifting paradigm By DaviD Barnstone Collegian Staff
MARIA UMINSKI/COLLEGIAN
Senator Elizabeth Warren spoke on a panel with UMass Chancellor Kumblr Subbaswamy yesterday about the affordability of education.
Fighting for lower student loan rates By aviva luttrell Collegian Staff
Sen. Elizabeth Warren met with students, faculty and administrators at the University of Massachusetts on Wednesday afternoon to tour the University’s recently constructed Life Science Laboratories and discuss student loan debt and the affordability of higher education. The visit was part of Warren’s “Priorities for the Future” tour in Massachusetts, which focuses on her plans to make higher education more affordable, to refinance student loan debt, and to double funding for the National Institutes
of Health and the National Science Foundation. During a brief tour of the new research laboratories, Warren met with several professors to discuss current research efforts, including life science and medical research funded by NIH and NSF. “Our laboratory has actually been funded quite a bit by NIH … for actually looking at ways to evaluate physical activity with wearable sensors,” said Professor of Kinesiology Patty Freedson. Among Warren’s concerns was the fact that NIH cuts have affected this type of research on campus, and she stressed the importance of continued financial support. “We’re going to fight for this together,” she said.
Following the tour, Warren met with 11 student leaders in the Integrated Sciences Building for a roundtable discussion on student debt led by UMass Chancellor Kumble Subbaswamy. “State-supported schools are the opening for everyone,” Warren said. “The principle point is that public universities are there (to be) an affordable alternative for anyone who wants to work hard and get an education.” Warren said that figuring out how to get adequate financial support for these universities has become one of her main priorities, and pointed to the shift in funding over the past 20 years. “Just a couple of decades ago, across the country, states paid three out of every
four dollars it took to educate the students,” Warren said. “That has now shifted. The state is now paying about 25 percent,” she continued. “That means that the school has to find other ways to make that up, and most of that falls on the student. I worry deeply about that.” Subbaswamy pointed out that it is now fairly normal for students to take up to six years to complete their degrees. Both he and Warren agreed that, in order to cut costs for students, it must become a priority for universities to ensure that students are able to graduate in a timely manner. “We really want to turn the clock back in terms of see
WARREN on page
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Marina Simons is completing her senior honors thesis in autism research. A senior communication disorders major at the University of Massachusetts, Simons is working to develop a tool to decode differences in the way children with high functioning autism tell stories compared to typically developing children. Over the next few months, she will use that tool to analyze recordings and transcriptions of children telling stories collected by her lab mates. On the surface, there appears to be few differences between storytelling in children with and without autism. Previous studies have found that both groups of children, when matched on variables like age, gender and language ability, share stories similar in length and complexity. However, differences begin to emerge with more sophisticated narrative assessments. A 2006 study conducted by scientists at the University of Rochester, for example, measured one aspect of storytelling that Simons is analyzing in her research project: coherence, or how well the story fits together as a whole. While an experimenter left the room, children listened to a recording of a story while following along in a wordless picture book. Then the children were asked to retell the story to the experimenter without looking at the book. The Rochester researchers found that the retellings by the children with autism resembled more of a list of events than a narrative, compared to the children without autism. Simon plans to evaluate how children use
transitional words to link together different parts of the story. “Our goal is to figure out what is different so that hopefully in future therapies,” Simons said. “These are things that speech language pathologists can target and change so that [the children’s] voices and the way they talk and tell stories sound more like their peers.” Through these speech therapies, Simons hopes to improve the quality of life for children with autism and their families. She says her brother, who has Down syndrome, is a “great communicator” because of the therapists who worked with him when he was a little boy. “Therapies have come so far and I think that they can still be going so much further. And that’s what really needs to be done, in my opinion,” Simons said. When people with autism were asked what types of studies they would like to see funded by research dollars, science writer Emily Willingham learned that they were interested in more educational opportunities and alternative communication tools being developed for the autistic community. “What you won’t see on this list are desires for cure or prevention or identifying a cause, areas where most autism research focuses,” Willingham writes on her Forbes.com blog. Autism Speaks, one of the largest and most visible advocacy and research organizations, funds “global biomedical research into the causes, prevention, treatments, and a possible cure for autism,” according to its mission statement. The organization’s research initiatives include Early Access to Care, Environmental Factors in Autism and Genetics and Genomics. The New York-based nonsee
AUTISM on page 3
UMass immunologists Obama’s NSA response many new questions receive research grant leaves Strong on principle, Enzymes linked to “If we can figure out a way to specifically tarcancer to be analyzed get some substrates and not others, to control the activity of the enzyme in time and space By Katrina BorofsKi Collegian Staff to maintain beneficial immune system T wo immunoloactivity which is attacking diseased cells, it gists at the University of Massachusetts are part would be a great advance.” of a multi-institutional research team that was recently awarded a fiveyear, $4.8 million grant from the National Cancer Institute. Barbara Osbor ne and Lisa Minter, among researchers from other institutions, will use the grant to investigate diseases like cancer and Alzheimer’s through the role of a specific enzyme. “We are all interested in an enzyme called gamma secretase (GS)” Osborne said in an article published in The Recorder. Osborne, Minter and others hope to
Lisa Minter, UMass immunologist manipulate GS, which activates over 100 protein substrates in the body. “When it acts by cleaving or cutting proteins, many different substrates are activated, including a very important one called NOTCH1,” Osborne explained in the article. “Both Lisa and I have shown, first in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, that NOTCH1 deregulation leads to many autoimmune diseases.” Researchers in Florida
and Mississippi have also researched both NOTCH1 and GS and their effects on tumor development in cancer and amyloid plaque formation. GS plays an important role in a variety of diseases and functions of the body. The grant was provided by NCI in order to further explore the purpose of the complicated enzyme. The immunologists are seeking a way to control the see
IMMUNOLOGY on page 2
weaker on action
By anita Kumar mcclatchy Washington Bureau
WASHINGTON — President Barack Obama’s response to the international uproar over the nation’s surveillance programs is leaving Americans with more questions than answers. Where will millions of phone records be stored? What protections will foreigners have? Which secret documents will be declassified? In what was designed to be his defining speech on the issue last Friday, Obama announced few specifics. “For every answer he gave, there are several new questions about how he plans to implement these changes,” said Elizabeth Goitein, a co-director of the Brennan Center for Justice’s Liberty
and National Security Program. “Ultimately, the full effect of these reforms remains to be seen.” Obama directed Attorney General Eric Holder and James Clapper, the director of national intelligence, to decide how to proceed on at least a half-dozen sticky issues. He’ll solicit the advice of a divided Congress, where support for changes in the National Security Agency doesn’t fall strictly along party lines. And he ordered up additional studies. “The president was stronger on principle than prescription,” said Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn. “The president’s reform blueprint, while bold and courageous, is a first step, leaving a lot of work to be done.” Obama did announce some changes: Reining in the contentious phone-collection program by requiring court approval each time the data
is examined and barring the government from storing the information, halting spying on dozens of foreign leaders and appointing a team of advocates to sometimes appear before the nation’s secret surveillance court, which now hears arguments only from the government. But he stopped short of the sweeping restrictions that civil liberty advocates had been lobbying for and the ringing endorsement that intelligence officials had hoped for to validate their work. In some instances, Obama clearly tried to strike a balance between protecting Americans from terrorism and addressing the concerns about privacy. But in other instances, he just didn’t decide. The president was still grappling with one of the
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SURVEILLANCE on page 3