ENVIRONMENT & TECHNOLOGY 2

ENVIRONMENT & TECHNOLOGY SYNTHESIS

GIZMO

TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY MASTER IN ARCHITECTURE ARC71003105954 Environment and Technology II INSTRUCTOR: HOI JUNG WAI 0326492 NAME: FELICIA TU PI LIAN

TABLE OF CONTENT 1.0 Project Brief 2.0 Methodology

3.0 Site Introduction 4.0 Gizmo 5.0 Simulations 5.1) Shadow Analysis i) Baseline ii) Proposed 5.2) Daylight Analysis i) Baseline ii) Proposed

5.3) CFD Analysis (Wind) i) Baseline ii) Proposed 6.0 Conclusion

1.0

PROJECT BRIEF

1.0 PROJECT BRIEF Students are to incorporate their designs from Urban Design Studio in Semester 2 and select a portion of the building that best explains the gizmo of the project.

The gizmo should includes the choice of materials for the building materials and components with basic understanding of physical properties, characteristics and environmental impact.

The design of the Gizmo needs to be substantiated by employing Computer Simulations to test for the best possible design of the gizmo. The simulations will be for CFD (Wind) Analysis, Shadow Analysis , and Daylight Analysis.

2.0

METHODOLOGY

2.0 METHODOLOGY SITE ANALYSIS Analysis on site is carried out to understand the condition of site and identify issues on site to be considered for the Gizmo

BASELINE BUILDING As to understanding the efficiency and practicality of the Gizmo, the building without the envelope/Gizmo set as the baseline to look at the impact of the environmental exposure to the building

GIZMO PROPOSAL & SIMULATION The building design produced from the Urban Design Studio are tested out with few variation of Gizmo proposal as to identify which proposal able to provide best performances to the building.

DATA COMPARISON The analysis on the simulations carried out to understand and identify the best Gizmo which best suited the building and users

CONCLUSION

3.0

SITE INTRODUCTION

3.0 SITE INTRODUCTION The site is located at Georgetown Penang out of the UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is located right beside 1st Avenue, Prangin Mall and Komtar.

There are a row of historical shophouses with a canal on the site. The site is considered as flat land and currently is a carpark to serve the surrounding shophouses. There is also the Sia Boey market which is one of the important landmark located beside the site.

SECTION X-X

In future, there will be railway transit located opposite of the site and hence the capacity of people passing the site will gradually increases. Hence, it is important to take into consideration on the effects of railway transit to the building on site.

PENANG

SECTION Y-Y

GEORGETOWN

SITE

https://www.google.com/maps/@5.4139086,100.3311656,16.65z

3.1 SITE VIEW

3.2 URBAN DESIGN Project Info: The proposed design is Residential Care Centre providing facilities to the intergenerational mix community. The building programmed to meet the needs of the elderly currently staying nearby the site and the upcoming younger generations who are going to be the main dwelling in the building.

The centre of the building programmed to be a food streets where to act as a pit stop for people to transit before proceed to the next destination. Few abandoned shophouses remain on site for the purpose of dry market in the morning and bazaar during the night. The larger building divided into 3 blocks. One block function as bicycle parking with facilities The other 2 blocks are residential units with learning centre and wellness & care centre.

Currently, Penang has an aging population which 10.2% of the residents being older than 60. As to address the issue of aging population, the aim of the building design to attract back the younger population back into the area by providing a live-work-play environment. The target groups of the residential blocks are the extended family of the elderly around the area as to bring back the value of ‘family togetherness’ Area of Concentration (Gizmo Study) There are lots of environmental impact to be considered for the designation of Gizmo. The chosen façade for Gizmo study is based on the critical façade which is going to withstand most of the effect of the environment impact.

The façade facing Jalan Magazine (Southwest Façade) will be the façade chosen for Gizmo study as the façade have to design to protects the users from environmental factors such as sun, wind, and shadow which will affects the habitable spaces.

I choose to study the benefits of the Gizmo to the residential units in the proposed design.

4.0

GIZMO

4.0.1 SUN PATH – CONCLUSION (from site analysis) The proposed site is located on the coordination of 5.4142° N, 100.3288° E. On the stereographic sun path diagram show on the left, it shows the Southeast façade directly exposed to the sun from 1pm onwards where the sun started to get hot and shine on the building perpendicularly.

21st June (Azimuth angle) Sun rises : 66.36° Sun set : 293.64° 21st December (Azimuth angle) Sun rises : 113.46° Sun set : 246.53° 21st June (Azimuth angle) At 1pm : 14.85° 21st December (Azimuth angle) At 1pm : 172.04° As the site located beside 1st Avenue and Prangin mall, the Northwest Façade is well shaded by the tall buildings.

PROPOSAL For the building design, my attempt is to ensure the spaces at the Southwest façade to be shaded purpose is to control the heat gain into the building and reduce excessive sunlight into the spaces.

4.0.2 SHADOW CAST– CONCLUSION (from site analysis) 21st June 0900-1800 Diagram on the left shows the shadow density during 9am to 6pm on 21stJune. The brighter level illustrates the less shade and receive more direct sunlight.

West facing of the site has higher level of shaded area while Southeast & Southwest facing is fully exposed to the sun. This stimulation shows that around 30% of the site is shaded.

21st Dec 0900-1800 However during this day, only a part of North west facing is shaded. This stimulation shows that around 15% of the site is shaded. The site is almost fully exposed to the sun.

PROPOSAL On June and December, the Southeast & Southwest façade is fully exposed to the sun as there is no tall surrounded buildings to provide shades. Hence, the placement of Gizmo at Southeast & Southwest façade will show the benefits of it on reducing the glare and heat into the buildings. But in this study, the Southwest façade will use for Gizmo study as considered on the direct sunlight into the building based on the sun path study (refer to the previous slide).

4.0.3 WIND– CONCLUSION (from site analysis) Warmest months

Most of the wind in Penang rose from the direction of WSW, SW, SSW direction in the month of February to October. For November to January, the wind rose mainly from NNE. The warmest months in Penang will be on March and April and for the coolest month will be on the September. Hence, the wind direction from the WSW, SW, SSW direction is very important as to capture the wind into the building to have a comfort internal environment with passive design.

Coolest month

PROPOSAL For the building design, my attempt is to ensure the Gizmo placement at the Southwest façade able to help in capture winds into the building especially during the warmest month in Penang.

4.1 GIZMO DESIGN

This perspective captured from Jalan Magazine as to explain the idea of the proposed Gizmo for the residential unit at the Southwest Faรงade. The crucial exploration for the faรงade will be on the Shadow Analysis as to make sure the internal temperature of the residential unit able to maintain at the Comfort Temperature for the dwelling especially in the city. As in Penang, the Wind is not constant, the Shades are more important and sufficient to maintain the comfort temperature of the dwelling units.

The Gizmo design based on the Building Orientation and Sun

Angles.

Diagram display on the right aims to understand and identify the Efficient Type of Louvres to be use for the building. As the study of the faรงade is at the Southwest Faรงade, the Horizontal Louvres is more ideal compare to the vertical.

Therefore, the Horizontal Louvres is most appropriate for the designation of Gizmo for the building based on the Faรงade of the building and View Restriction to the users.

IDEAL TYPE OF SHADING DEVICES

4.1.1 PASSIVE STRATEGY

4.1.2 IDEAS & CONSTRUCTABILITY

Inspirational Gizmo Design

Louvres Component

Openable Horizontal Louvres Panel The Gizmo design to be in undulation vision as to make the faรงade to look dynamic. Meanwhile, the faรงade design take into account of passive design strategy by having the louvres in horizontal arrangement.

The upper part of the louvres remain fixed while the bottom part consist of openable horizontal louvres panel as to allow the user to access to the balcony from the residential units.

5.0

SIMULATION

5.0 SIMULATION The simulation is carried out by an entities while remaining entities are constant and to replace constants with results of every entity which will be tabulated in the table below based on the month of June and December: SIMULATION/ JUNE

GAP

DEPTH

0

100

150

1

300

150

2

600

150

X

150

3

X

300

4

X

600

X

Y

SIMULATION/ DEC

GAP

DEPTH

0

100

150

1

300

150

2

600

150

X

150

3

X

300

4

X

600

X

Y

‘X’ - The result from the simulation of the gap in between louvres, while other entities remain constant.

‘Y’ - The result from the simulation of the depth of the louvres, while other entities remain constant.

‘Z’ - The result from the simulation of the angle tilt of the louvres, while other entities remain constant.

The best possible variation of gizmo will be on 22nd June and 22nd December.

5.1

SHADOW ANALYSIS

5.1 SHADOW ANALYSIS (100 GAP 150 WIDTH)

22ND DECEMBER

22ND JUNE

OPTION 0: BASELINE ANALYSIS

The area marked with white oval and circle is where the location of the residential units is.

The analysis is based at the height of 9.0m from ground level which is the residential units. The result of the analysis shows that the residential units having too much of shadows caused the space to be relatively dim. This might caused the residential units required higher usage of artificial lighting. The simulations show shadow cast from 9am to 5pm.

5.1 SHADOW ANALYSIS (300 GAP 150 WIDTH)

22ND DECEMBER

22ND JUNE

OPTION 1 ANALYSIS

Comparison with the Baseline model, it seems that this variation provides better global illumination into the spaces meanwhile able to provides shading from glare and solar heat gain

5.1 SHADOW ANALYSIS (600 GAP 150 WIDTH)

22ND DECEMBER

22ND JUNE

OPTION 2 ANALYSIS

This variation seems to invite too much glare into the residential units compare to Option 1 which might caused the spaces to be overheated by the sunlight.

UPDATING RESULTS Method of Carrying out the Simulations will be to test the gap with different variation while depth of the louvres is in constant.

Following with the results of analysis: Simulation of the shadows were carried out for 300 Gap and 600 Gap with comparison to the baseline of 100 Gap while having the louvres depth of 150mm which is remain constant for this simulation.

SIMULATION/ JUNE

GAP

DEPTH

0

100

150

1

300

150

2

600

150

300

150

3

300

300

The analysis shows that the 300 Gap performed the best on both 22nd June and 22nd December

4

300

600

Therefore “X” is 300mm

300

Y

SIMULATION/ DEC

GAP

DEPTH

0

100

150

1

300

150

2

600

150

300

150

3

300

300

4

300

600

300

Y

The next simulation will test on the variation depth to identify the ideal depth for the façade.

5.1 SHADOW ANALYSIS (300 GAP 300 WIDTH)

22ND DECEMBER

22ND JUNE

OPTION 3 ANALYSIS

Based on the analysis, the changes of depth able to reduce further glare, while maintaining the illumination. The residential units seems to have receiving a comfort natural lighting.

5.1 SHADOW ANALYSIS (300 GAP 600 WIDTH)

22ND DECEMBER

22ND JUNE

OPTION 4 ANALYSIS

On 22nd of December, the spaces seems to be too dark as the width of the louvres increase compare to Option 3.

Insufficient of natural lighting will caused the residential units to have more usage on the artificial lighting.

UPDATING RESULTS Method of Carrying out the Simulations will be to test the depth with different variation while gap of the louvres is in constant.

Following with the results of analysis: Simulation of the shadows were carried out for 300 Depth and 600 Depth with comparison to the baseline of 150 Depth while having the louvres gap of 300mm which is remain constant for this simulation.

SIMULATION/ JUNE

GAP

DEPTH

0

100

150

1

300

150

2

600

150

300

150

3

300

300

The analysis shows that the 300 Depth performed the best on both 22nd June and 22nd December

4

300

600

Therefore “Y� is 300mm

300

300

SIMULATION/ DEC

GAP

DEPTH

0

100

150

1

300

150

2

600

150

300

150

3

300

300

4

300

600

300

300

5.2

The benchmark for daylight factor (dB) stated in MS 1525 as an interior spaces needs to achieve a range of 3-6% of daylight factor to achieve visual comfort of natural lighting.

DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS

5.2 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS OPTION 0: BASELINE ANALYSIS

(100 GAP 150 WIDTH)

The Residential Unit receiving an average of 2.8% of daylight based on the analysis. Based on MS 1525, the space is in average lighting but considered a bit dim for the living room of the residential unit.

OPTION 1 ANALYSIS

(300 GAP 150 WIDTH)

The daylight increases in this model which receiving an average of 3.6% of daylight. The amount of daylight considered comfort for residential unit.

OPTION 2 ANALYSIS

(600 GAP 150 WIDTH)

Compare to option1, the residential unit receiving almost same amount of daylight but receiving more amount of sun ray. The increasing amount of direct sun penetrates into the building will cause the space to be overheated by the sun.

UPDATING RESULTS Method of Carrying out the Simulations will be to test the gap with different variation while depth of the louvres is in constant.

Following with the results of analysis:

SIMULATION/ JUNE

GAP

DEPTH

0

100

150

1

300

150

2

600

150

300

150

3

300

300

4

300

600

300

Y

SIMULATION/ DEC

GAP

DEPTH

0

100

150

1

300

150

2

600

150

300

150

3

300

300

4

300

600

300

Y

Simulation of the daylight were carried out for 300 Gap and 600 Gap with comparison to the baseline of 100 Gap while having the louvres depth of 150mm which is remain constant for this simulation.

The analysis shows that the 300 Gap performed the best in allowing the penetration of natural daylight and sun ray.

Therefore “X” is 300mm The next simulation will test on the variation depth to identify the ideal depth for the façade.

5.2 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS OPTION 3 ANALYSIS

(300 GAP 300 WIDTH)

Based on result, the increasing in width of the louvres helps in reducing glare and direct sunlight but at the same time achieve comfortable daylight into the space. The residential units receive an average of 3.2% of daylight

OPTION 4 ANALYSIS

(300 GAP 600 WIDTH)

Compare to Option 3, the amount of daylight and sun ray receive in the residential unit gradually increases and make the space became too bright.

UPDATING RESULTS Method of Carrying out the Simulations will be to test the depth with different variation while gap of the louvres is in constant.

Following with the results of analysis:

SIMULATION/ JUNE

GAP

DEPTH

0

100

150

1

300

150

2

600

150

300

150

3

300

300

4

300

600

300

300

SIMULATION/ DEC

GAP

DEPTH

0

100

150

1

300

150

2

600

150

300

150

3

300

300

4

300

600

300

300

Simulation of the daylight were carried out for 300 Depth and 600 Depth with comparison to the baseline of 150 Depth while having the louvres gap of 300mm which is remain constant for this simulation.

Based on the analysis, the 300 Depth performed the best in allowing the penetration of natural daylight and sun ray.

Therefore “Y� is 300mm

5.3

CFD (WIND) ANALYSIS

5.3 CFD (WIND) ANALYSIS OPTION 0: BASELINE ANALYSIS

(100 GAP 150 WIDTH) The wind analysis is carry out for 22nd March and 22nd September as March is the warmest month and September is the coolest month in Penang.

22ND SEPTEMBER

22ND MARCH

The area marked with white oval is where the location of the residential units is.

Based on the analysis, on 22nd March the residential units which is at the height of 9m, the air flow rate before entering the space is at 4m/s and it drops to 3.5m/s when it enter the spaces, but it seems that there is not much winds enter into the spaces as shown in the analysis.

The simulation on 22nd September having almost similar results as most of the wind rose from the direction of southwest (as per wind rose diagram) for both March and September.

5.3 CFD (WIND) ANALYSIS OPTION 1 ANALYSIS

(300 GAP 150 WIDTH)

22ND SEPTEMBER

22ND MARCH

The horizontal louvers with dimensions mentioned in the title used to test on the result on the wind simulation. The analysis as below: Based on the analysis, on 22nd March, the air flow rate before entering the space is at 4m/s and it drops to 3m/s when it enter the spaces.

On 22nd of September, the results is almost similar but the amount of wind entering the spaces increases as compare to March.

Compare with the baseline, the wind speed reduces from 3.5m/s to 3m/s. The amount of wind entering the spaces increases.

5.3 CFD (WIND) ANALYSIS OPTION 2 ANALYSIS

(600 GAP 150 WIDTH)

22ND SEPTEMBER

22ND MARCH

The horizontal louvers with dimensions mentioned in the title used to test on the result on the wind simulation. The analysis as below: Based on the analysis, on 22nd March, the air flow rate before entering the space is at 4m/s and it drops to 3m/s when it enter the spaces.

On 22nd of September, the results is almost similar but the amount of wind entering the space increases compare to March.

Compare with Option 1, the wind speed remains at 3m/s. The amount of wind entering the spaces almost same but still considered minimum.

UPDATING RESULTS Method of Carrying out the Simulations will be to test the gap with different variation while depth of the louvres is in constant.

Following with the results of analysis:

SIMULATION/ JUNE

GAP

DEPTH

0

100

150

1

300

150

2

600

150

300

150

3

300

300

4

300

600

300

Y

SIMULATION/ DEC

GAP

DEPTH

0

100

150

1

300

150

2

600

150

300

150

3

300

300

4

300

600

300

Y

Simulation of the winds were carried out for 300 Gap and 600 Gap with comparison to the baseline of 100 Gap while having the louvres depth of 150mm which is remain constant for this simulation.

Although the performance for both 300 Gap and 600 Gap almost similar in June and December in this case, but the 300 Gap considered a better option for the Southwest façade as it is facing the main road with lots of vehicular, the wind will bring in dust into the spaces which will cause cleanliness issues for the residential. Thus, the 300 Gap considered a more ideal choice.

Therefore “X” is 300mm The next simulation will test on the variation depth to identify the ideal depth for the façade.

5.3 CFD (WIND) ANALYSIS OPTION 3 ANALYSIS

(300 GAP 300 WIDTH)

22ND SEPTEMBER

22ND MARCH

The horizontal louvers with dimensions mentioned in the title used to test on the result on the wind simulation. The analysis as below: Based on the analysis, on 22nd March, the air flow rate before entering the space is at 4m/s and it drops to 3m/s when it enter the spaces.

On 22nd of September, the results is almost similar. Compare to March, the amount of wind entering the space increases.

Compare with Option 1, the wind speed remains at 3m/s but the amount of winds entering the spaces has slightly increases.

5.3 CFD (WIND) ANALYSIS OPTION 4 ANALYSIS

(300 GAP 600 WIDTH)

22ND SEPTEMBER

22ND MARCH

The horizontal louvers with dimensions mentioned in the title used to test on the result on the wind simulation. The analysis as below: Based on the analysis, on 22nd March, the air flow rate before entering the space is at 4m/s and it drops to 3m/s when it enter the spaces.

On 22nd of September, the speed of the wind flow decreases to 2.8m/s from 3.5m/s. Although it decreases, the amount of wind entering the spaces increases compare during the month of March.

Compare with Option 3, the wind speed remains at 3m/s but the amount of winds entering the spaces increases although the speed entering the spaces gradually decreases.

UPDATING RESULTS Method of Carrying out the Simulations will be to test the depth with different variation while gap of the louvres is in constant.

Following with the results of analysis: Simulation of the winds were carried out for 300 Depth and 600 Depth with comparison to the baseline of 150 Depth while having the louvres gap of 300mm which is remain constant for this simulation.

SIMULATION/ JUNE

GAP

DEPTH

0

100

150

1

300

150

2

600

150

300

150

3

300

300

The analysis shows that the 600 Depth performed the best on both 22nd June and 22nd December

4

300

600

Therefore “Y� is 600mm.

300

600

SIMULATION/ DEC

GAP

DEPTH

0

100

150

1

300

150

2

600

150

300

150

3

300

300

4

300

600

300

600

6.0

CONCLUSION

6.0 CONCLUSION Based on the analysis, following will be the conclude results for the Gizmo simulation:

Shadow – 300 Gap 300Depth Daylight – 300 Gap 300Depth Wind – 300 Gap 600 Depth This simulation allows the identification on the ideal horizontal louvres profile for my proposed building as above. As the simulation focus on the residential units, the shadow simulation plays the main role compare to daylight and wind simulations as to provide comfort internal temperature for the residential units.

Hence, the optimum set up for the Gizmo will be 300 Gap 300 Depth (Option 3) as it is the most ideal option for the building based on the building orientation and environmental impact.

The proposed Gizmo perform better than the baseline model as it is able to perform better on withstanding the following environmental impact:

 Provide optimum human comfort  Provide sufficient sunlight meanwhile suitable global illumination into the building  Reduce direct sunlight and heat gain into the building  Allow more wind to flow through the space for natural ventilation