Low-rise housing 4

Shophouseas

featured low-rise housing of Hanoi

Shophouses in Hanoi’s new urban areas have opportunities to further and sustainably develop the beauty of Hanoi's streets

Shophouses in Hanoi

• The development of shophouses in Hanoi from 19th century until World War II was associated with the development of the Old Quarters

• Since the Doi Moi reforms in 1986, long and narrow townhouses have become popular throughout Vietnamese cities, including Hanoi

Distric 3, Ho Chi Minh city in 2009Tran Hung Dao street, Ninh Binh in 2009

Xa Dan street, Hanoi in 2009

New urban areas in Hanoi

Van Quan new urban area in Ha Dong distric, Hanoi

• New urban areas are invested in as a solution to the urban development strategy and to the rapidly increasing housing demands

New urban areas in Hanoi

Shophousesplay

Shophouse architecture –Issues and Requirements

The relation between architecture and economy

• The land price of shophouse quarters is the highest

• The high land price in Hanoi becomes the driving force for the developers to maximize the proportion of shophouses

There are some projects with 100% low‐rise buildings being used as shophouses such as Sunshine City project and IA20 Ciputraproject in Bac Tu Liemdistrict, Hanoi

Shophouse architecture –Issues and Requirements

The relation between architecture and economy

1Determining the appropriate proportion of shophousesfor urban areas is important, but this density is a variable number

This requires architectural support for the flexible transition between shophouses and simple townhouses

Many conditions need to be met for shophouse streets to operate as busy as in promotional events

Shophouse architecture –Issues and Requirements

The relation between architecture and culture

Diversity is the attractiveness of the shophouses for tourists and economic activities

People will love the house and its place when they have opportunities to engage in the formation of the street diversity and have certain autonomy in caring for the home appearance

Perdestrian street around Hoan Kiem lake with a diversity of shopping, dining and community activities

Shophouse architecture –Issues and Requirements

The relation between architecture and culture

2Conflict between the desire for architectural uniformity and the requirements for diversity which create the attractiveness for the area

This requires the architectural diversity and people’s abilities to participate in the design selection and the care for street architecture.

Shophouse architecture –Issues and Requirements

The relation between architecture and environment

Outdoor public spaces

Create a distinguished shopping experience compared to shopping malls

The outdoor spaces are lively, airy, and naturally nuanced /the places for the organization of community activities.

Typical problems of shophouse streets in Hanoi

• Lack of dedicated parking lots

• Street landscape design has not received appropriate attention Perdestrian street around Hoan Kiem lake with many community activities

Shophouse architecture –Issues and Requirements

The relation between architecture and environment

3The inadequate quality of the outdoor public spaces of shophouse streets

This requires more attention and investment for the improvement of outdoor public spaces, especially the professional management

Lack of dedicated parking lots

Street landscape design has not received appropriate attention

Shophouse architecture –Issues and Requirements

The relation between architecture and environment

Improving energy efficiency

Shophouses have potentials to become high energy efficient buildings

The improvement on energy efficiency of shophouses is the group of exterior architectural solutions

Difficult to apply these solutions because:

• Facade and roof are designed uniformly in shophouse projects

• The renovations and repairs only can be made according to the approved designs

The application of technical systems Architectural solutions (passive building design for each specific location)

Urban planning (most fundamental and effective)

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Shophouse architecture –Issues and Requirements

The relation between architecture and environment

The lack of the possibilities for improving energy efficiency of shophouses with facade architectural solutions and rooftop renewable energy

The facade and the roof architecture should be permitted for the personalization to optimize the shophouse's energy efficiency

Sociological survey and analysis result Methodology

Survey groupQuantityRatio

Survey questions have been designed to address all the mentioned requirements:

1.Architectural diversity and people’s ability to participate in the design selection and the care of street architecture.

2.Supporting a flexible transition between shophouses and simple townhouses.

3.More attention and investment for the improvement of outdoor public spaces.

4.Improving energy effectiveness of shophouse architecture

Architectural and interior designers / researchers 6238.5%

Landscape and planning designers / researchers 138.1%

Shophouse buyers127.5%

Shophouse project investors, shophouse operating managers 106.2%

Real estate business people2113.0%

People using or working in the shophouses 148.7%

Project consultants, investment consultants, marketers 2113.0%

People working in other related fields85.0%

Composition of survey participating groups

Sociological survey and analysis result Analysis result

Although home buyers can help diversify the street architecture, project developers still play a central role in ensuring the overall architectural quality

The expert group supports architectural diversity more than the related occupation group

support allowing additional shading solutions to facades, which help to improve energy effectiveness

Allows redesign of the first floor facade (R)

Allows redesign of the first floor facade (E)

Allows addition of shading solutions for facades (R)

Allows addition of shading solutions for facades (E)

Allows personalization of signs, billboards (R)

Allows personalization of signs, billboards (E)

Allow personalization of flower trellises and pots (R)

Allow personalization of flower trellises and pots (E)

Allow personalization of the balustrade (R)

Allow personalization of the balustrade (E)

Allow personalization of door materials and colors (R)

Allow personalization of door materials and colors (E)

Allow wall paint colors to have certain differences (R)

Allow wall paint colors to have certain differences (E)

0%50%100%

Expert grpoup (E) / Group of related occupations (R)

Very necessary Quite necessary Necessary There may be Unnecessary

The necessary level to adopt a diversity‐driven solution based on the ability to personalize the facade architecture

Sociological survey and analysis result Analysis result

Flexible transition between shophouses and townhouses

Should not be allowed because it is difficult to manage 12%

Should not be allowed because it can make the architecture of the street become intricate 18%

Should be allowed to create more options for buyers and communities 9%

Should not be allowed (other reason)

1%

Should be allowed because it reduces initial cost, avoids waste, avoids closing of many stores, and creates variety for the street.

24% Should be allowed if it improves the landscape and facility of the neighborhood 16%

Should be allowed if the economic interests and privacy of the homeowner are guaranteed 20%

Survey result for questions whether to leave the ground floor (and possibly the first floor) of the shophouses open if there are not many business activities in the streets. Greater than 72% say “YES”

Sociological survey and analysis result Analysis result

High support for

• Two separate entrances (88.5% of the respondents)

• Planning and street landscape design, which improves quality of outdoor public space.

• Basic outdoor facilities (wide sidewalks, lighting, greenery, information poles)

Dedicated parking area and safe perdestrian zone (R)

Dedicated parking area and safe perdestrian zone (E)

Organizing pedestrian streets promoting initiatives (R)

Organizing pedestrian streets promoting initiatives (E)

Advanced outdoor facilities and landscape design (R)

Advanced outdoor facilities and landscape design (E)

Basic outdoor facilities and landscape design (R)

Basic outdoor facilities and landscape design (E)

Indoor elevator (R)

Indoor elevator (E)

2 separate entrances for shop and upper house (R)

2 separate entrances for shop and upper house (E)

Expert grpoup (E) / Group of related occupations (R)

Very necessary Quite necessary Necessary There may be Unnecessary

The necessary level of the shophouse’s planning and landscape solution

Proposed architectural criteria

To simplify the application and prioritization, the criteria are ranked by three levels.

The proposal of the lower level is included and serves as the base for the proposal of the upper level

CriteriaBasic AdvanceHigh

Architectural diversity and the ability to participate in design process

Flexible transition between shophousesand simple townhouses

Quality of outdoor public spaces

Optimize the energy ofefficiency shophouses

Buyers can participate in the architectural design process

Buyers can participate in the selection of architectural options

Residents can personalize the facade of shophouses

Open ground floor option

2 separate entrances from different side of houses

Availability of 2 separate entrances (for shop and house)upper

Organizing pedestrian streets to promote business initiatives

Dedicated parking areas and safe pedestrian zones

Basic outdoor facilities (sidewalks, lighting, etc.)greenery,

Architectural solutions thesupporting use of renewable energy

Option for additional shading solutions for facade

Optimize the use of energy in planning and architectural design

Shophouse and Smart City

Shophouseand Smart city

SMART MOBILITY

On foundation of digitalization and internet of things (IoT) smart city can provide various services for every citizens and outlanders in a lot of fields, such as tourism, transportation, management, environmental monitoring and conservation and so on

SMART ENVIRONMENT

SMART CITY

SMART ECONOMY

SMART PEOPLE SMART LIVING SMART GOVERNANCE

There is pressure that creates a flexible and diverse community in providing the most attractive products and services, in building and preserving the reputation of the neighborhood. But it is also economic efficiency pressure that requires the shophouse neighborhood to accept many different services and attract as many customers as possible

Entrepreneurialism

Smart economy

Innovation

Flexibility of labour market Integration with international markets

Smart mobility

With their economic characteristics, shophouse streets can have significant role in the implementation of digitalization, ICT infrastructure development, integrating services of smart city

Local and supra‐local accessibility Availability of ICT

Modern, sustainable and safe transport systems

Smart environment

living

Cultural facilities Health conditions Individual safety

facilities

cohesion