tendering

organization managers share the position that with the 20% - 80% business scheme the municipalities could deploy the e-buses in a business model that relies on public and private funding, and therefore link sustainability of e-bus fleets on enhanced local promotion and management/operation of local e-bus fleets.

The favourable elements of the above programs are that these require the existence of sustainable urban transport/mobility strategies or already elaborated/implemented initiatives that point in this direction.

South Transdanubia: Zero-emission is targeted by national policies; local strategic documents - such as Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plans (SECAPs), Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) - rely on the national targets. The current goals of Hungary are indicated in the National Clean Development Strategy (draft version). As far as bus and coach traffic is concerned, a special support scheme is currently being developed for the replacement of buses performing local public transport tasks by purchasing new buses, mainly electric buses, taking into account the provisions of the Clean Vehicle Directive. Hungary's new bus strategic concept, the Green Bus Program was announced in the government decree 1537/2019 on the tasks related to the new bus strategy concept of Hungary and the Green Bus Model Project. (IX. 20.).

4.2 An overview of the good practices on Procuring and tendering

Each partner has collected good practices in their region or country in the field of procurement and tendering.

Turku: Steering public transport procurement towards Clean Vehicles Directive

Summary: To prepare for the requirements of the Clean Vehicles Directive tendering process is changed to award directive compatible vehicles in offers with extra points.

Hamburg: Conditional delivery of e-buses, including a practical test phase

Summary: The procurement of E-buses procured by the VHH in Hamburg includes a test phase. All e-buses must drive a total distance of 2.000 km without errors before the procurement is completed.

Gozo: Pilot project with an electric bus before the procurement of a large fleet of e-buses Summary: In Malta, a pilot project was done to test an electric bus in a specific local context before the procurement of a large fleet of e-buses. This helped the transport operator to identify the challenges of an electric bus operating in the Maltese roads (issues related to the hilly terrain, high temperatures and frequent stopping due to traffic) and to analyze

Livorno: Transport investment evaluation using ACB and MC analyses

Summary: Adapting an evaluation toolkit, as an analytical model to facilitate decision making for e-bus procurement and e-bus related investment. The toolkit responds to the need for a factual, rational appraisal of investment options; it incorporates two analytical components to depict alternative scenarios and scale them by evaluation criteria: Cost Benefits Analysis (CBA) and Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA). Its added value: the toolkit is being of potential use/benefit to both private and public investors in other interested regions.

Utrecht: Tendering sustainable Public Transport in the region of Utrecht

Summary: The Good Practice is about the way of tendering in the province of Utrecht; the entire concession is tendered by the concession provider (= province of Utrecht) to a private company (= public transport operator). Quality conditions are connected to the concession, e-buses are the property of the transport operator, and in the concession, there is room to make further agreements about sustainability measures during the term. Within the present concession, there was an upscale from 3 to 55 e-buses.

Utrecht: Bus loans

Summary: As part of the operating contracts in the region of Amsterdam, the Amsterdam Transport Region (transport authority) offers a bus loan to the operators with lower interest rates than commercial banks. Both the good practices can contribute to relevant insights, as they both describe a different situation. The one in the province of Utrecht itself is relevant for parties who want to introduce new e-buses within an existing concession (operating) contract. It provides insights in how you can make a business case for that – regarding the procurement of buses and charging infrastructure as well as their operation. This business case can be the basis to replace diesel buses with e-buses within an existing contract. The good practice of the Transport Region of Amsterdam on the other hand gives insights into how bus loans (or other ways of financing by the transport authority) can maximize the number of e-buses at the start of a new operating contract – in this case leading to the largest fleet of e-buses in Europe.

Pécs and Paks: The change of public transport business model by the transition

from diesel-fuel based to electricity-based e-bus mobility The introduction of the e-buses at the town of Paks meant a firm caesure, resulting in the termination of the fossil fuel (diesel) based bus public transport and the immediate introduction of the renewable electricity-based e-bus operation. The main lesson learnt from the practice is that the transition from fully diesel to fully electric bus fleet has not only busi-