INTERMEDIO ACTIVIITES UNIT 2

INTERMEDIATE LEVEL UNIT 2- SENA CENTRO COLOMBO-ALEMANREGIONAL ATLANTICO

Meiby Balza Corrales Lester Navas Escorcia Raul Iriarte

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TRANSPORTATION I

WHAT’S IN THIS UNIT? Relative clauses Phrasal verbs Public transportation Writing about an uncomfortable situation on public transport

 Vocabulary about getting around the city Duration: 4 hours Describe the pictures. Which kind of transportation Do you feel more comfortable with? Why?

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UNIT 2

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2A. Reading The Problems with Modern Transportation System For many people, commuting by car or by public transportation is a daily necessity. People with their own cars, use it to commute to work, to go shopping or to take the family out on weekends. For those who cannot drive or afford to buy their own vehicles, public transportation provides these commuters with their only means of transportation. However, it seems that it won't be too long before our society will have to resort back to the horse and buggy cart era if our politicians don't build better roads or resolve the on-going oil crisis.

Our roads and highways are congested most of the time, and the meaning of rush hour has all but disappeared. Heavy pedestrian traffic and poorly designed roads are all factors that can lead to a slow down in traffic flow.

A lot of construction work that takes place along our roads and highways are actually doing more to hamper the critical flow of traffic, than to help provide a better solution to the traffic problem. The reason why traffic flow is becoming such a nightmare is simple, our early town and city planners failed to factor in the future needs for an efficient mass public transportation system.

Another problem with modern transportation systems is the depletion of our natural oil reserves. The reality is that we don't have enough oil reserves to supply worldwide demands. But what's even worse is that there are currently no alternative sources of energy to replace the oil and gas shortage that our society so much depends upon. With our natural oil reserves dwindling away, many analysts are expecting oil barrel prices to continue to rise.

With no solution in sight to the traffic congestion on our roads, or to the current oil crisis; the world has no choice but to explore alternative sources of energy or else resort back to the horse and buggy cart era.

Questions 1. Why does the statement the meaning of rush-hour is becoming meaningless mean?

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________________________________________________________________________________ _______ 2. What are some explanations given for the increases in oil prices? ________________________________________________________________________________ _______ 3. Do you agree or disagree with the author's statement that the oil crisis is a bad thing? ________________________________________________________________________________ _______ Now visit this website and complete the vocabulary test. HAVE FUN!!!

Http://www.onlinetutoringworld.com/lessonplans/transportation.htm Warm Up: Discuss the following questions with a partner.

1. What do you feel as a commuter in Barranquilla’s public transport?

2. Do drivers respect pedestrians in Barranquilla?

3. Who do you take after?

4. Is it easy to get over breaking up with somebody?

5. Have you ever run out of gas in the middle of nowhere?

Activity: Write a dialog including the words you have just learnt LISTENING II Instructions: Listen and match the people to these activities.

PEOPLE

ACTIVITIES

1.________ Paul

a. snorkelling

2. _______ Sally

b. scuba diving

3. _______ Ed

c. hiking

4. _______ Jenny

d. rafting

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5. _______ Lisa

e. swimming f. sailing g. windsurfing

VOCABULARY On the road

on foot

by bicycle

by scooter

by motorcycle

by tram

by train

by underground

by bus

by coach

by car

by lorry

by van

How do you get around the city?

In the air

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by plane

by helicopter

by zeppelin

by hot air balloon

by boat

by submarine

by hovercraft

In the water

by ship Use these verbs

to catch a bus to get on a bus to get off a bus to drive a car to ride a bike Hustle and bustle Single ticket Return ticket

What time do you catch your bus?

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Grammar RELATIVE CLAUSES We

use

relative

clauses

to

give

additional

information

about

something

without starting another sentence.

Relative Pronouns relative pronoun who

which

which

whose

use

example

subject or object pronoun for people

who lives next door.

subject or object pronoun for

Do you see the cat which

animals and things

is lying on the roof?

He couldn’t read which

referring to a whole sentence

surprised me.

possession for people animals and

Do you know the boy

things

whose mother is a nurse?

object pronoun for people, especially whom

I told you about the woman

in non-defining relative clauses (in defining relative clauses we colloquially prefer who)

I was invited by the

whom I

professor

met at the conference.

subject or object pronoun for that

people, animals and things in defining relative clauses (who or

I don’t like the table that stands in the kitchen.

which are also possible)

Defining Relative Clauses Defining relative clauses (also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive

relative

clauses)

give

detailed

information

defining

a

general

expression. Defining relative clauses are not put in commas.

term

or

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Imagine, Tom is in a room with five girls. One girl is talking to Tom and you ask

somebody

whether he knows

this girl. Here the

relative clause

defines which of the five girls you mean.

Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom? Defining relative clauses are often used in definitions.

A seaman is someone who works on a ship.

Object pronouns in defining relative clauses can be dropped. (Sentences with a relative clause without the relative pronoun are called Contact Clauses.)

The boy (who/whom) we met yesterday is very nice.

Non-Defining Relative Clauses Non-defining relative clauses (also called non-identifying relative clauses

or

non-restrictive relative clauses) give additional information on something, but do not define it. Non-defining relative clauses are put in commas.

Imagine, Tom is in a room with only one girl. The two are talking to each other and you ask somebody whether he knows this girl. Here the relative clause is non-defining because in this situation it is obvious which girl you mean.

Do you know the girl, who is talking to Tom? Note: In non-defining relative clauses, who/which may not be replaced with that.

Object pronouns in non-defining relative clauses must be used.

Jim, who/whom we met yesterday, is very nice.

EXERCISES Relative Clauses - Formation Complete the sentences using relative clauses. Use who and which.

1. A Scot is a person (live in Scotland) __________________________________

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2. Nessie is a monster (live in Loch Ness) __________________________________ 3. A fridge is a thing (keep food cool) _____________________________________ 4. A DJ is someone (play music in a disco) ________________________________ 5. A bee is an insect (make honey) ________________________________________ 6. A lemon is a fruit (be yellow and sour) __________________________________ 7. A watch is a thing (tell the time) ________________________________________ 8. A ferry is a ship (carry people across the water) _________________________ 9. A shop assistant is someone (work in a shop) ___________________________ 10. A key is a thing (can open and lock doors) _____________________________ Relative clauses - defining or non-defining?

Study the situations and then decide whether the following relative clauses are defining or non-defining. defining – no commas non-defining – commas

1. I have three brothers.

My brother who lives in Sidney came to see me last month.

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My brother, who lives in Sidney, came to see me last month.

2. I have one sister.

My sister who is 25 years old spent her holiday in France.

My sister, who is 25 years old, spent her holiday in France.

3. Bob's mum has lost her keys.

Bob's mum who is a musician has lost her car keys.

Bob's mum, who is a musician, has lost her car keys.

4. My friend moved to Canada.

My friend whose husband is Canadian moved to Canada last week.

My friend, whose husband is Canadian, moved to Canada last week.

Non-Defining Relative Clauses

Combine the sentences using relative clauses. Note that all relative clauses are non-defining.

5. Samuel Johnson was the son of a bookseller. Samuel Johnson was born in 1709.

Samuel Johnson ____________________________________________________________

6. In 1728, he went to Oxford. He studied at Pembroke College in Oxford.

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In 1728, he went _________________________________________________________

7. Johnson had to leave Oxford without a degree. He was too poor to pay the fees.

Johnson ________________________________________________________________

8. In 1737, Johnson moved to London. There he wrote poetry, essays and biographies.

In 1737, Johnson _________________________________________________________

9. In 1746, Johnson started to write his dictionary. It took him nine years to complete.

In 1746, Johnson started ____________________________________________________ Forming relative clauses Combine the sentences using a relative clause. Use relative pronouns only where necessary. Note that you have to use commas in some of the sentences.

1. We spent our holiday in Scotland last year. Scotland is in the north of Great Britain.

Last year we__________________________________________________________________ 2. People live in Scotland. They are called Scots.

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The people __________________________________________________________________ 3. We first went to Edinburgh. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.

We first ______________________________________________________________________ _ 4. Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh. He wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories.

Arthur Conan Doyle ____________________________________________________________ Complete the definitions.

1. A

2. A

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3. A

4. A

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5. A Decide whether the relative pronoun is correct or not.

1. The postman which works in this village is very old. correct not correct 2. The egg which is in the nest is brown. correct not correct 3. Where is the bed who was in the attic? correct not correct 4. The bottles that are lying on the floor are green. correct not correct 5. The cowboy who is wearing the red shirt is very funny. correct not correct Complete the sentences with relative clauses. Use who or which.

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1. A Dutch is a person (live in the Netherlands) 2. A giant is someone (be very tall) 3. An alarm clock is a clock (wake you up in the morning) 4. A ladybird is a red beetle (have black spots on its back) 5. A waitress is a woman (serve food and drinks in a restaurant) Choose the correct relative pronoun or relative adverb.

1. A castle is a place 2. An actress is a woman 3. This is the girl 4. This is the time of the year 5. The flowers

a king or queen lives. plays in films or theatre plays. mother is from Canada. many people suffer from hayfever. grow in the garden are beautiful.

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PHRASAL VERBS

USE There are four types of phrasal verbs. Phrasal verbs can be separable or inseparable and they can take an object or not. Here is a guide to the basics of phrasal verbs.

Phrasal Verbs which Take Objects Phrasal verbs which take objects can be separable or inseparable: Separable phrasal verbs can remain together when using an object that is a noun or noun phrase.  

I picked Tom up. OR I picked up Tom. They put their friends up. OR They put up their friends.

Separable phrasal verbs MUST be separated when a pronoun is used:  

We picked him up at the station. NOT We picked up him at the station.

They put them up. NOT They put up them.

Inseparable phrasal verbs always remain together. It makes no difference if a noun or pronoun is used.  

We set off for the beach. / We set off for it.

They are looking after the children. / They are looking after them.

Phrasal Verbs which Don't Take Objects.

Some phrasal verbs do not take objects. These phrasal verbs are ALWAYS

inseparable. 

They thieves got away.

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The bus broke down on the way to work.

She got up early.

TIP! If you are not sure whether a phrasal verb is separable or inseparable, ALWAYS use a noun or nouns phrase and DO NOT separate. In this manner, you will always be correct!

Separable Phrasal Verbs: bring up, take off  

They brought up their children to respect others.

She took off her jacket before she began the lesson.

Inseparable Phrasal Verbs: look for, set off  

She was looking for her books when he arrived.

They set off for a wonderful holiday in Hawaii.

Three-word Phrasal Verbs Some verbs are followed by two prepositions (or adverbs). These phrasal verbs are ALWAYS inseparable.

I'm looking forward to meeting John. OR I'm looking forward to meeting him.

They didn't get on with their mother. OR They didn't get on with her.

EXERCISES A. PHRASAL VERBS | SEPARABLE OR NOT SEPARABLE? Choose whether or not each phrasal verb is separable or not separable (in the context of each sentence). If both responses are acceptable, choose "BOTH ARE CORRECT":

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1. Which is correct? a) He went up to her. b) BOTH ARE CORRECT c) He went to her up.

2. Which is correct? a) He made up a story. b) BOTH ARE CORRECT c) He made a story up.

3. Which is correct? a) He mixed the words up. b) BOTH ARE CORRECT c) He mixed up the words.

4. Which is correct? a) He woke up at 7:00 AM. b) He woke at 7:00 AM up. c) BOTH ARE CORRECT 5. Which is correct? a) He went to her up. b) BOTH ARE CORRECT c) He went up to her.

6. Which is correct? a) He asked her out. b) BOTH ARE CORRECT c) He asked out her.

7. Which is correct? a) He beat his neighbor up. b) BOTH ARE CORRECT c) He beat up his neighbor.

8. Which is correct?

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a) He woke at 7:00 AM up. b) He woke up at 7:00 AM. c) BOTH ARE CORRECT 9. Which is correct? a) I bumped into an old friend of mine. b) BOTH ARE CORRECT c) I bumped an old friend of mine into.

10. Which is correct? a) They called the game off. b) They called off the game. c) BOTH ARE CORRECT EXERCISES

Instructions: Choose the correct answers 1. Could you turn _____ the TV? The soap opera is about to start. back on off out

2. There was nothing good on TV so I turned it _____ and went to bed. off up in down

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3. The TV is too loud. Can you turn it _____ a bit? up out off down

4. The TV is too quiet. Can you turn it _____ a bit? back off up over

5. I´ve been looking _____ my car keys for half an hour. Have you seen them anywhere? up for after at

6. My mother has offered to look _____ the children, so we can go to the party.

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for into at after

7. If you don´t know what the word means, you'll have to look it _____ in the dictionary. for up out off

8. The meeting has been put _____ to Friday as so many people have got the flu. up in back out

9. The meeting has been brought _____ to Monday due to the seriousness of the situation. on out down forward

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10. The company is taking _____ new workers to meet this projected demand. at on up over

WRITING Instructions: Write a story about an uncomfortable situation that has happened to you while using the public transport using the grammar and the vocabulary studied in unit 2. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ __________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ __________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ON LINE RESOURCES http://www.lyricstraining.com/. Listening http://www.wordreference.com/. Dictionary http://www.howjsay.com/. Pronunciation http://www.ego4u.com Grammar and vocabulary. http://www.cambridge.org/us/esl/touchstone/student/index.html http://www.studygs.net/