INTERMEDIATE LEVEL UNIT 3- SENA CENTRO COLOMBO- ALEMÁNREGIONAL ATLÁNTICO
Meiby Balza Corrales Lester Navas Escorcia Raul Iriarte
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UNIT 3 TRANSPORT II WHAT’S IN THIS UNIT? Present perfect simple Present perfect continuous Public transport II Writing about transportation problems in our city Vocabulary about massive transport facilities Tell us something about the transport of your hometown
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LONDON UNDERGROUND The London Underground is a public transport network, composed of electrified railways (that is, a metro system) that run underground in tunnels in central London and above ground in the city's suburbs. The oldest metropolitan underground network in the world, first operating in 1863, the London Underground is usually referred to as either simply "the Underground" by Londoners, or (more familiarly) as "the Tube". Since 2003, the Tube has been part of Transport for London (TfL), which also schedules and lets contracts for the famous red double-decker buses. Previously London Transport was the holding company for London Underground. There are currently 275 open stations and over 253 miles (408 km) of active lines, with three million passengers journeys made each day (927 million journeys made 1999-2000; there are a number of stations and tunnels now closed). Lines on the Underground can be classified into two types: sub-surface and deep level. The sub-surface lines were dug by the cut-and-cover method, with the tracks running about 5 metres below the surface. Trains on the sub-surface lines have the same loading gauge as British mainline trains. The deep-level or "tube" lines, bored using a tunnelling shield, run about 20 metres below the surface (although this varies considerably), with each track running in a separate tunnel lined with cast-iron rings. These tunnels can have a diameter as small as 3.56m (11ft 8.25in) and the loading gauge is thus considerably smaller than on the sub-surface lines, though standard gauge track is used. Lines of both types usually emerge onto the surface outside the central area, the exceptions being the Victoria Line which is in tunnel for its entire length save for a maintenance depot, and the Waterloo & City Line which, being very short, has no noncentral part and no surface line. Each station displays the Underground logo containing the station's name in place of the word "Underground", both at entrances to the station and repeatedly along the station walls so that they can easily be seen by passengers on arriving trains.
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In addition, many stations' walls are decorated in tile motifs that are unique to the station, such as profiles of Sherlock Holmes' head at the Baker Street station or a cross containing a crown at the King's Cross station. Questions about the text 1. The London Underground runs, as the name implies, all the time underground. True. False. We don't know. 2. There are more than 275 stations. True. False. We don't know. 3. The sub-surface lines run about a. five metres below the surface.
b. fifteen metres below the surface.
c. twenty
metres below the surface. 4. The Waterloo & City line is the longest in the system. True. False. We don't know. 5. Baker Street station is decorated with profiles of Sherlock Holmes' head. True. False. We don't know. 6. It is estimated that there are 927 million passengers per day. passengers per day.
1 million passengers per year.
3 million
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1. VOCABULARY CORNER. Do it yourself!!! Instructions: Look up the following words / phrases in your dictionary. Make sentences and a dialogue using them. WORD / PHRASE DEFINITION / SYNONYM TRANSLATION Customs office Double-decker Baggage Boarding pass Book (verb) Carousel Claim area Fasten - Unfasten Make nervous Name tag Railways Schedule or timetable Seatbelt Take away The loading gauge
It defines the maximum height and width for railway vehicles and their loads to ensure safe passage through bridges, tunnels and other structures
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Tile motifs
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a thin square or rectangular slab of baked clay, concrete, etc., used in overlapping rows for covering roofs with a single or recurring image forming a design.
Window seat
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Discuss the following questions with a partner. Do you charge your plane tickets or pay cash? Why do customs officers take away fruit and plants at the airport? What’s the advantage of booking your hotel room? Will you choose a window seat or a seat in the aisle next time you travel? When can you fasten – unfasten your seatbelt?
VOCABULARY II
Things you should keep in mind How can I tell if...?
What should I do than/ next / after that?
Can I get this discount pass from normal
Things you may hear You need to insert the ticket / card / pass into the machine.
ticket machines or from special ticket machines?
Can I buy a ticket / card / pass only on Monday or any day?
How does the discount card work?
Activity: Write a dialog including the words you have just learnt
LISTENING III Instructions: Matt has just arrived in Osaka, Japan. He wants to get around by public transport. Kumiko, an Information Officer, helps him. Listen to their conversation. Tick √ the information that Matt asks about.
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a. train timetables ______ b. ticket machines ______ c. late night train services ______ d. ticket prices ______ e. train and bus connections ______
GRAMMAR PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS FORM Present Perfect Simple
Present Perfect Progressive
irregular verbs: form of 'have' + 3rd column of irregular verbs Example: form of 'have' + been + verb + I / you / we / they have spoken Example: he / she / it has spoken regular verbs: form of 'have' + infinitive + ed I / you / we / they have been speaking Example: he / she / it has been speaking I / you / we / they have worked he / she / it has worked
ing
Exceptions Exceptions when adding 'ed' : when the final letter is e, only add d Example: love - loved after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled Example: admit - admitted final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English) Example: travel - travelled
Exceptions when adding 'ing' : silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for -ee) Example: come coming aber: agree - agreeing after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled Example: sit - sitting after a vowel, the final consonant l is doubled in British English (but not in American English). Example: travel - travelling
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after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: not after a vowel) Example: worry - worried but: play - played
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final ie becomes y. Example: lie - lying
USE Result or duration? Do you want to express what has happened so far or how long an action has been going on? Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive Result (what / how much / how often) I have written 5 letters. / I have been to London twice.
Duration (how long) I have been writing for an hour.
Emphasis on completion or duration? Do you want to emphasize the completion of an action or its continuous course (how has somebody spent his time)? Present Perfect Simple Emphasis on completion I have done my homework. (Meaning: My homework is completed now.)
Present Perfect Progressive Emphasis on duration I have been doing my homework. (Meaning: That's how I have spent my time. It does not matter whether the homework is completed now.)
Result or side effect? Do you want to express that a completed action led to a desired result or give reason for the results obtained. Present Perfect Simple Result
Present Perfect Progressive Expressing why we have a result
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I have washed the car. (Result: The car is clean now.)
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Why are you so wet? - I have been washing the car.
EXERCISES ON PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE Positive Sentences Write positive sentences in present perfect simple The following people have just completed an action. 1. Bob / visit / his grandma _______________________________________________ 2. Jimmy / play / on the computer _________________________________________ 3. Sue and Walter / wash / their car _______________________________________ 4. Andrew / repair / his bike _______________________________________________ 5. Phil / help / Anne with maths ___________________________________________ 6. Brad and Louise / watch / a film ________________________________________ 7. Tamara / talk to / her best friend _______________________________________ 8. Bridgette / draw / a picture _____________________________________________ Negative Sentences Write negative sentences in present perfect simple. The weather was wonderful today. So the children were in the park all afternoon and have not done their household chores: 1. Carolina / not / wash the dishes ________________________________________ 2. Anita / not / clean the kitchen __________________________________________ 3. Maureen and Gavin / not / water the plants ______________________________ 4. Joey / not / make his bed ______________________________________________ 5. David / not / buy milk __________________________________________________ 6. Carolina / not / be to the baker's _______________________________________ 7. Aran and Jack / not / do their homework ________________________________ 8. Jane and Ben / not / tidy up their rooms ________________________________
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Questions Write questions in present perfect simple. 1. you / answer / the question________________________________________________ 2. Jenny / lock / the door ___________________________________________________ 3. Walter / call / us ________________________________________________________ 4. you / see / the picture_____________________________________________________ 5. your parents / get / the letter _____________________________________________ 6. it / rain / a lot ____________________________________________________________ 7. how often / we / sing / the song __________________________________________ 8. Maureen / watch / the film _________________________________________________ 9. how many books / Bob / read _____________________________________________ EXERCISES ON PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE Positive Sentences Write positive sentences in present perfect progressive. 1. Albert / squash / play ____________________________________________________ 2. Carolina / the match / watch _____________________________________________ 3. we / in the park / wait __________________________________________________ 4. you / a song / sing _____________________________________________________ 5. I / a magazine / read ___________________________________________________ 6. it / rain / all day _______________________________________________________ 7. Phil and Greg / a race / run _____________________________________________ 8. she / her teeth / brush __________________________________________________ 9. the Millers / in London / live / for three years ______________________________
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10. we / on the lake / sail __________________________________________________
Negative Sentences Write negative sentences in present perfect progressive. 1. we / not / in the mountains / walk _________________________________________ 2. Beatrice / not / in Boston / teach ___________________________________________ 3. Ricky / not / the car / wash ________________________________________________ 4. she / not / a poem / write _________________________________________________ 5. we / not / tea / drink_______________________________________________________ 6. we / not / our rooms / clean _______________________________________________ 7. the children / not / on the floor / sleep _____________________________________ 8. Jeff and Linda / not / cycle ________________________________________________ 9. Christine / not / her home / decorate _______________________________________ Questions Write questions in present perfect progressive. 1. she / on the phone / talk _____________________________________________ 2. his brother / dinner / cook _____________________________________________ 3. Jane and Mary / badminton / play ______________________________________ 4. Sue / in the gym / exercise_____________________________________________ 5. Robert / the room / paint________________________________________________ 6. they / trees / plant______________________________________________________ 7. Henry / in the garage / work_____________________________________________ 8. they / in the lake / swim________________________________________________ 9. how long / Boris / English / learn_________________________________________
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10. how long / you / for me / wait___________________________________________
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE OR PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE Put the verbs into the correct tense (Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Progressive). Situation 1 A: (you / take)______________________________the dog for a walk yet? B: I______________________________(work) all day. I____________________________ (come / just) home from work and I_________________________ (have / not) the time yet to walk the dog. A: How long ______________________________ (the dog / be) home alone? B: For about 6 hours. You ______________________________ (walk / not) the dog for a long time. Don't you want to go? A: Well, I ______________________________(laze / not) about all day either, you know. I have a very important meeting tomorrow and I still______________________________ (finish / not) my presentation. B: Okay, I will go then. Where ______________________________(you / put) collar and leash? A: They are in the kitchen. By the way, ______________________________ (you / eat) anything yet? If not, could you get us something from the supermarket? Situation 2 A: I ______________________________ (call) for you for half an hour. Where ______________________________ (be)? And why are your clothes so dirty? B: I ______________________________ (tidy) up the shed in the garden. A: ______________________________ (you / find) a box with old photos there? I ______________________________ (look) for it for ages. B: I ______________________________ (discover / not) it yet, but I____________________________________(work / not) for a long time. I___________________________________(come / just) in to eat something. A: I___________________________________ (cook / not) anything yet because I___________________________________ (talk) to our neighbour. Put the verbs into the correct tense (Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Progressive). 1. I ______________________________ (play / not) on the computer for half an hour, only for about 5 minutes. 2. Bob ______________________________ (drive / not) a car for eight years. 3. Carla______________________________ (go / not) on holiday for three years.
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4. We______________________________ (run / not) for 40 minutes - there are still 10 minutes left. 5. They______________________________ (smoke / not) for 10 days now. WRITING Instructions: A friend of yours is coming to Barranquilla for the first time; explain to him the means of transportation we have here using the grammar and the vocabulary studied in unit 3. _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ON LINE RESOURCES http://www.lyricstraining.com/. Listening http://www.wordreference.com/. Dictionary http://www.howjsay.com/. Pronunciation http://www.ego4u.com Grammar and vocabulary. http://a4esl.org/q/h/idioms.html. Phrasal verbs