CASESTUDY HOUSING TYPOLOGIES TYLER KARASAWA, SOPHIA LE, KATRINA SANTOS
T A B L E . O F . C O N T E N T S PROJECTS
FORMOSA 1140
CONCEPT PROJECT INFORMATION SITE PLAN PUBLIC VS PRIVATE VENTILATION UNIT TYPES EGRESS STRUCTURE ANALYSIS MATERIALS AXON
TANGO HOUSING CONCEPT PROJECT INFORMATION SITE PLAN PUBLIC VS PRIVATE VENTILATION UNIT TYPES EGRESS STRUCTURE ANALYSIS MATERIALS
RUE DE MEAUX CONCEPT PROJECT INFORMATION SITE PLAN PUBLIC VS PRIVATE VENTILATION UNIT TYPES EGRESS STRUCTURE ANALYSIS MATERIALS AXON
HARPER COURTYARD 7 FOUNTAINS CONCEPT PROJECT INFORMATION SITE PLAN PUBLIC VS PRIVATE VENTILATION UNIT TYPES EGRESS STRUCTURE ANALYSIS MATERIALS AXON
COMPARE & CONTRAST UNIT TYPES ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES LIVABILITY
CONCLUSION
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FORMOSA 1140 2008 LORCAN O’ HERLIHY
C O N C E P T The Formosa by Lorcan O’ Herlihy is an 11 unit housing project located in West Hollywood. This project was driven by the importance of community and open pace. The Formosa accomplishes this by reinventing the typical courtyard scheme. Instead of a central courtyard space, the outdoor space is placed on the exterior of the building. This creates a park for the residents and reemphasizes the importance of open public space. Formosa also accomplishes this within the building by moving the circulation to the outside of the building to create the possibility for cross ventilation, as well as providing a distinction between public and private space. 3
C O N C E P T This diagram shows how the Formosa takes the idea of a courtyard and moves it to the outside of the building allowing the public to have access to this park alongside the residents.
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NAME ARCHITECT DATE BUILT LOCATION COST TYPOLOGY PROJECT DENSITY NUMBER OF UNITS UNIT TYPES
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FORMOSA LORCAN O’HERLIHY 2008 WEST HOLLYWOOD, CALIFORNIA $240/SF APARTMENTS 40.4 11 4
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N FAIRFAX AVE S I T E P L A N This project works towards building a more public community. Formosa’s park is open to the public and allows for the compact residential neighborhood to breathe. Formosa’s red paneling allows it to stand out amongst the other residences and revitalize West Hollywood. The parking is located in an underground garage.
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U N I T A N A LY S I S TOTAL UNITS: 11
Formosa has four different unit types. There are two different end conditions, and a two different central units. Unit 1 is a special unit. Unit 2 and 4 are the same unit, and there are four total of these units. Unit 3 and 5 are also the same and four of these exist as well. Unit 6 acts as a corner condition and there are two of these units. The varying units allow for an interesting architectural expression on the facade to avoid similar repetition. 9
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CIRCULATION EMERGENCY EXIT 10
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Formosa’s facade is made of red perforated metal. This serves as a privacy screen between the public and the private space. It creates a transition between public, semi-public, and private. This screen allows for variation in the facade as well by pushing or depressing the screen in order to create balconies or openings. The perforation in the screen also allow for more communal interaction between the residents and the city.
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TANGOHOUSING 2001 MOORE RUBLE YUDELL
C O N C E P T The Tango Housing Project is a 27 unit project designed for a European housing development in Sweden. This project is about encouraging social interaction, as well as providing decent housing for its occupants. Yudell refuses to design housing units that are bland, impersonal blocks. Sustainable housing is another strong concept emphasized through its materiality. The exterior of the project remains “block like” in order to continue the language of the surrounding buildings, while the interior space “tangos.” 15
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NAME ARCHITECT DATE BUILT LOCATION TYPOLOGY PROJECT DENSITY NUMBER OF UNITS UNIT TYPES INDOOR:OUTDOOR
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TANGO HOUSING MOORE RUBLE YUDELL 2001 MALMO, SWEDEN ROW 27 UNITS/ACRE 27 27 1:10
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ELEVATION
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1’-0” = 1/32”
S I T E L O G I C The exterior elevations of the apartment relates to the rest of the urban context with its “simple, yet sophisticated� block design that displays a similar amount of floor levels as the neighboring buildings. However, the exterior elevations that face inwards towards the communal garden space has a more playful feel to it; it displays a more complex design of rotated glass boxes that house the more public programs of the units. PEDESTRIAN ACCESS AUTOMOBILE ACCESS BIKE STORAGE
P E D E S T R I A N - A U T O M O B I L E Tango Housing is located in a pedestrian neighborhood. Other than specific drop-off points, there is no other automobile access. Alternate transportation (i.e. bike, on foot, etc.) Are instead given emphasis.
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Photovoliac panels provide more than enough solar-powered electricity to heat and cool the building Serum roof surfaces provide additional insulation to the building, replenish oxygen, and slow water run-off during heavy rain Large triple-glazed glass windows provide insulation as well as natural light. Its remote controlled built-in air vents that allow fresh air to come in the units throughout the day Intelligent wall that runs throughout all the units. It allows residents to control all technological components integrated in the unit
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UNITS ENTRY / CIRCULATION GARDEN The units have very similar floor plans, but slight variations (i.e. placement of programs, size of spaces, number of rooms, etc.) In each unit that make all unique in their own way. The different colors reflect the different unit designs. Some units are colored the same because those units are more similar in design. The unique design of each unit was purposely designed as a response to the critic of Swedish housing in the 1960s “being bland, impersonal blocs” with no character whatsoever to make it a “decent home.” 22
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Entrance to the complex is placed at the western side. From the entrance, an individual goes through the communal garden space, a very public sequence as everyone shares the space. Then they have to go through bridges that are placed above the marsh flora and fauna that is local to the site. The sequence one takes through the bridge, though still public, becomes more private as it approaches the actual entrance of the units as only the people (and their invited guests) have reason to go through that specific bridge to reach the actual housing units.
ENTRY SEQUENCE PUBLIC SEQUENCE PRIVATE SEQUENCE VERTICAL SEQUENCE EGRESS STAIRS
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INTELLIGENT WALL OPEN SPACE STRUCTURAL GRID
The plans of the Tango Housing Units were driven by the idea of the integration of “State-of-the-art technology in a residential setting.� An intelligent wall that runs all the mechanical and advanced technology integrated into the apartment is treated as a crucial move that not only divides the public and private programs of the units, but also defines the arrangement of spaces in the units. The spaces are all uniquely placed in relationship with the wall. Its design was also driven by the concept of social living. The rotated boxes that house the more public programs of the units are given glass facades that face towards the communal garden space (which acts as an open space), acting as a social generator by allowing occupants of the units to have a more community based housing design. 24
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Tango House is fitted “with good-quality materials and impeccable detailing” that all contribute to the “occupant’s sense of well-being.” The industrial-grade knotted maple floors, built-in cherry cabinetry, white walls accented in teal blue, salmon, lavender and other soft tones all give a sense of warmth that makes the well proportioned units, though small in the American sense, still feel like a home.
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T A N G O H O U S I N G 26
RUE DE MEAUX
1991 RENZO PIANO BUILDING WORKSHOP
C O N C E P T Renzo Piano’s Rue de Meaux Housing complex tackles the issue of creating space offset from the city streets through the use of filtering with forms. It does this by arranging an organization of multiple towers around a central space that is accessible from the street through narrower alleyways. This space, although open to the sky and street circulation, is cut off from the outside by the height and close proximity of the towers. These towers act as a filter between the fully public street to the semi-private courtyard. The courtyard itself is filtered formally in height by the placement of trees. These trees create a perforated barrier between opposing apartment windows, thus creating a furthered sense of privacy while still allowing for outdoor views. 27
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RUE DE MEAUX RENZO PIANO BUILDING WORKSHOP 1991 PARIS, FRANCE TOWER/COURTYARD 150 UNITS/ACRE 220 4 28
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S I T E P L A N Paris, being an extremely dense city center, faces the issue of overcrowding and limited private space. With the population’s density, it becomes a struggle for individuals to find comfortable living space. The Rue de Meaux confronts this issue by organizing tower masses around the site’s exterior, in a sense creating a barrier with its own mass against the outside environment and thus creating a separate, interior environment. Narrow pathways between towers of similar height to surrounding structures lead from the street and into an interior courtyard formed from the negative space between the masses, and act as filters that transition people from the public street to the shared circulation space before entering the private units.
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The Rue De Meaux’s form is basically composed as two different components: the towers and the courtyard. These two are also very defined in purpose, with the towers being maintained solely as private space (apart from the circulation components of the stairs, elevators, and hallways that branch from these), while the courtyard is public circulation space shared by all tenants in order to enter their apartments. Yet, the courtyard itself in a way functions as private space. This green space is enclosed by the towers from the exterior streets, thus creating an exterior space that is still cut off from the full public of the street. Public Private
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The long towers of the Rue de Meaux are organized as single loaded conditions, thus allowing for the units that compose them to receive cross ventilation since natural air can flow through the entire space as it enters the unit from one side and then exits from the opposite. Units also are organized in a stepping sequence with each rising story. This creates a stepping-back of form and breaks down the monolithic towers. The stepping allows for light to reach further down the facade and into the living spaces of more units closer to the ground. Natural Lighting Ventilation
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Kitchen Bedroom Bathroom Living Four Room Unit
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220 Low cost units are organized as four towers that have relation to each other such that they create an empty rectangle that creates an open courtyard used for circulation from the street to the units. Units are composed in parallel with the interior courtyard space in single loaded conditions such that each unit faces both into the courtyard at one end and outward into the city at the other. They range in size from one room apartments to four room, but consisting mostly of three and four room units. For the most part, each unit size is has about two different floor plan arrangements, although these arrangements are generally fairly similar in organization. One Room Unit Two Room Unit Three Room Unit Four Room Unit 33
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The central courtyard is fully is used as the only form of circulation into the towers containing the apartments. Circulation and fire egress occur in within the same path. Each unit is accessed by one of the twelve staircases, each of them reaching every floor from the ground plane of the courtyard to the top units within the tower. Circulation within the complex is fairly simplified and easy to identify in case of emergency since every staircase leads directly into an apartment. Because of the nature of Paris streets, vehicles do not have access within the structure. Although the foot circulation going into the structure comes off of the main street, it is treated as separate from vehicle traffic, which only passes next to and runs underneath the facility.
Circulation Egress Stairs Automobile Occupancy
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The building is constructed based upon a rigid, rudimentary grid layout. Both the facade and the plan layout of the complex is developed from rectangular grid units, creating a relationship between plan and elevation/section. This organization is simple in nature, but is still able to carry out the desired outcome of reconstructing and organizing the layout and the elevation, showing that extreme complexity is not necessary in order to achieve a well-working project that is also interesting. 35
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Fiberglass-Reinforced Concrete Terracotta Tiles
Because the housing project was meant to be priced at lower values in order to appeal to a wider customer demography, cost had a large influence in the choosing of building materials. The towers are constructed primarily from a form-work composed from fiberglass-reinforced concrete. From this form-work, a framework is created on the facade that is filled with a paneling system made from terracotta tiles that creates a majority of the face of the building exteriors. The combination of the spacing between the terracotta and the concrete framework create an underlying grid system that allows for the facade to be visually broken down into an organized system. This system is also used to determine entrances and apertures for the structures.
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R U E D E M E A U X 37
HARPER COURT: 7 FOUNTAINS 002 MOULE & POLYZOIDES
C O N C E P T Harper Court continues the long tradition of courtyard housing, but this time, with a more refine and modern aesthetic. It focuses on the concept of community to design the project. This project contains four courtyards housing seven fountains, all accessible to the residents. The Harper Court values comfort in luxury living and does this by creating double height living spaces, as well as using materiality to attract people into their homes.
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HARPER COURT:7 FOUNTAINS ELIZABETH MOULE, STEFANOS POLYZOIDESM MOULE & POLYZOIDES, ARCHITECTS AND URBANISTS 2002 WEST HOLLYWOOD, CALIFORNIA COURTYARD $150/SF $3500-$7000 LOW DENSITY (20 UNITS ON A SITE MEANT FOR 38 UNITS) 20 20
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This project emphasizes the importance of community through courtyards. This project creates a site that is blocked off from the exterior, so that the units feel as if they are their own community. This low density project allows for the concept of Community to stand out amongst the unit due to the vast amounts of communal and open space. 41
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Material selection for the Seven Fountains housing complex was determined according to the style, which was based upon the popular aesthetic styling of famously popular courtyard complexes that thrived during the 1920’s. These materials, a majority being wood framing, tile exterior flooring, stucco walls and wrought-iron detailing, are also cheap and stand well against the natural elements, which is the reason they were popular for this style in the first place.
Malibu Tiling
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FORMOSA: APARTMENTS TANGO HOUSING: ROW RUE DE ME AUX: TOWER/COURTYARD HARPER COURT: COURTYARD Amongst these four case study housing projects, it is important to note the key similar concept that is apparent in each of these projects. All of these projects place an emphasis on community and exterior space. Formosa accomplishes this by placing the community outdoor space to the exterior of the building to invite the public into the residential garden. Tango Housing creates a controversial interior courtyard space where the buildings face to create a separate “residential world” to set itself apart from the street and surrounding buildings. Rue DE Me aux also shows the importance of community by using a simple courtyard scheme. The community is placed inside of the tower typology to serve as private outdoor space for the residents. Harper Court also creates “community” through its low density site. This allows for the interior courtyards to serve as the main idea of this housing project. Although these projects convey the same idea, their idea of communal space differs. Formosa is the only project that allows the community into its outdoor space. Tango Housing, Rue DE Me aux and Harper Court all chose to portray outdoor community space as a private privilege to the residents.
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A D V A N A G E S - D I S A D V A N T A G E S The communal outdoor space that Formosa presents allows the community of West Hollywood to be part of the unique architecture that sits amongst normal residential units. It promotes the importance of community and breaks down the strict idea of property lines. However, this open invitation to the public could be detrimental to the privacy of the residents. This is the opposing issue that the other case study houses have. The remaining projects are able to create a communal outdoor space for their residences. While we saw that the issue in Formosa was the potential lack of privacy, the disadvantage of the private communal space in the other housing projects is the isolation to the community. One of the important concepts that Formosa emphasizes is true community by welcoming the public. The lack of public integration into the residential community keeps living and environment quite separate.
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FARMOSA This project focuses on the sequence between public to private spaces. This is accomplished through materiality, a well as outdoor community space. The public and private spaces of this project are separated by a screen where the circulation sits. This allows the livability of the project to enjoy the aspect of community. TANGO HOUSING The intelligent wall in Tango Housing allows residents to control different appliances and other technology within the unit. The intelligent wall allows residents to control heating, cooling, lights, etc., Through a panel or with their phones and/or laptops. This allows them to have comfort at their fingertips. RUE DE MEAUX The Rue de Meaux creates a private community space within a tower/courtyard typology to create comfortable living spaces, away from the dense environment. This allows the residents to have their own separate communal space. HARPER COURT This project also emphasizes the importance of community. Although Harper Court is made of cheaper materials, it’s layout appeals to sensory feeling, providing a luxury experience.
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CASESTUDY HOUSING TYPOLOGIES CONCLUSION
After analyzing the Formosa, Tango Housing, Rue DE Me aux, and Harper Court: 7 Fountains, it is clear that there are many different factors that go into unit layout that are dependent on concept, as well as the residential audience that the architect is trying to appeal to. Unit density affects the living experience one may have. Materiality also plays a role in the way that a project may read, and the environment that it will portray.
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