and the corresponding rays refracted through the focal points. The nodal points are the points of intersection with the axis of rays which pass through the optical centre of the system, that is, rays which pass through the lens without being deviated in angle. In the diagrams below, only one set of the focal and principal cardinal points is shown: a corresponding diagram for rays from the other side will show the other set.
! " # $ %'&)(+* &),.- /10324- 5 245
Nodal point
Focal point
Principal point
Nodal point
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