Master of Architecture Portfolio Design Thesis 1 Name: Ku Ji Yee
ID: 1002058742
University: UCSI University
Thesis Topic
Industry 4.0 : Revolutionize the SMEs Industry in Malaysia
Introduction
The world has gone through three times of industrial revolution, each industry revolution brings technology breakthrough to our life and changes the way humans produce and consume products. Industry 4.0 was brought up in the “Germany 2020 High-Tech Strategy'' initiative in 2011 to enhance the competitiveness of the German manufacturing industry. Since then the term has been viewed as the next revolution for the manufacturing industry that has an enormous disruptive impact on the whole world.
Future
Late 17th Century 1st Industrial Revolution Introduction of water & steam powered machine in manufacturing.
Mid 19th Century
4th Industrial Revolution
Late 18th Century
3rd Industrial Revolution
2nd Industrial Revolution
Introduction of computational and electronics into machine for automation.
Introduction of CyberPhysical System to bridge the gap between virtual and reality with AI, IOT & big data to automate decision marking.
Introduction of electrical powered machine for mass production.
Industry 4.0 Objectives
In World Economic Forum 2019, Industry 4.0 is highlighted with listed 6 objectives of Industry 4.0.
Augment, instead of replace, the operator.
Invest in capability-building and lifelong learning.
Diffuse technologies throughout geographical areas and include SMEs.
Develop human operators to focus on valueadding activities and at the same time, create a more attractive workplace.
Retool the education system and invest in training as well as lifelong learning to create a mobile workforce.
Develop a complete value chain and production systems are transformed, including all geographical areas and SMEs.
Protect organizations and society through cybersecurity.
Collaborate on open Fourth Industrial Revolution platforms.
Address the challenge of climate change using Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies.
Engage in cross organizational initiatives to learn and develop cybersecurity to protect employees, customers and local communities.
Building open platforms in collaboration with multiple organizations ensures access to a large data pool required to improve analytics algorithms and generate insights.
Improve production energy efficiency, increase yield and reduce waste and emissions while enhancing overall competitiveness.
Industry 4.0 Technology
Industry 4.0 is not made up of one technology but multiple advanced technologies work together to form the Industry 4.0 ecosystem.
3D Printing
Artificial Intelligence
Augmented & Virtual Reality
Automation & Robotics
Industry 4.0
Big Data
Blockchain System
Internet of Things
Super Computing
Malaysia Industry 4.0 Goal
The Eleventh Malaysia Plan 2016 to 2020 had put emphasis on
The Minister of International Trade implemented a policy called
transforming the manufacturing industry towards higher adoption of
Industry4WRD, that targets to transform 30% of the Malaysian
Industry 4.0 as one of the targets to modernize the country.
manufacturing industry to Industry 4.0 by year 2025. In the policy, Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) is the most important sector to adopt Industry 4.0 because it makes up 98.5% of the manufacturing firm in
Malaysia. If they fail to adopt, they will lose their competitiveness to the larger player in the market.
Status of SMEs in Malaysia
The SMEs industry is a small and medium scale manufacturing industry with its annual sales turnover not exceeding RM25 million with employees around 150 people. They are located all around Malaysia and manufacture various goods from furniture to food products.
SMEs Factory at Taman Perindustrian Subang, Selangor
The Malaysian SMEs industry has low digital adoption with only 20% of SMEs adopted digitization workflow. Moreover, the use of automation in
manufacturing is also less than 50%.
Hence, most of the SMEs industry is not ready to adopt industry 4.0 and
SMEs Factory at Kampung Sungai Buloh, Selangor
put them at risk to be left behind.
Main Objective: Revolutionize the SMEs industry in Malaysia by adopting Industry 4.0
SMEs Factory at Krubong Industrial Area, Melaka
Issue 1
SMEs industry are lacking in knowledge and resources in adopting Industry 4.0
Unlike large firms which have high capital, the SMEs industry has limited resources in investing in new technology. Investing in a unprovent new production model like industry 4.0 is a high risk investment for them.
There is also a lack of platforms that educate SMEs on Industry 4.0 technology. Since it is a new concept, there is a lack of knowledge
transfer from experts to SMEs for the implementation of Industry 4.0.
A furniture manufacturing factory in Subang, is still using manual tools to manufacture the product.
Issue 2
Lack of young generation in the SMEs industry.
The SMEs industry in Malaysia has a low percentage of highly skilled workers. Highly skilled workers are the pinnacle in leading the research & development growth of an industry. Unfortunately, young higher graduate Malaysian are reluctant to work in this industry.
From a survey, we found out that the public possesses a negative
impression toward the SMEs industry because the industry is associated with dirty, dangerous and difficult jobs. And youngsters felt not respected if working in it. An aircon part manufacturing factory in Subang showing no safety or hygiene control inside the factory.
Issue 3
Current SMEs buildings are not designed for industry 4.0.
Current SMEs buildings are not designed for automating internal transports or processes or for new manufacturing technologies. Therefore, it has higher financial barrier to new manufacturing technologies.
Moreover, the current building typology of single enclosed buildings
does not promote cooperation, openness, and trust among other SMEs. Thus, limiting the information sharing on new technology among SMEs.
A typical SMEs factory in Subang that lacks industry 4.0 infrastructure.
Thesis Outline Main Objective
Revolutionize the SMEs industry in Malaysia by adopting Industry 4.0 Research Issue
SMEs industry are lacking in knowledge and resources in adopting Industry 4.0
Lack of young generation in the SMEs industry.
Current SMEs buildings are not designed for industry 4.0.
Why do the public possess negative impression toward the SMEs industry in Malaysia?
How can architects implement industry 4.0 into the SMEs building?
Educate and encourage the public to understand the SMEs industry.
Propose an architecture framework for Industry 4.0 to SMEs industry.
Research Question What are the constraints that SMEs face in adopting industry 4.0?
Research Objective Provide a guideline to implement industry 4.0 for the SMEs industry.
Research Proposal Propose a new typology of building design that can help SMEs industry achieve Industry 4.0 objective at the same time educating the industry to the public.
Thesis Concept Poster
The artwork showcases the thesis concept development process in a conveyor belt manner to explain the whole thinking process from start to finish. This is to emphasize the length process of manufacturing in real work, then we build it layer by layer to become the final product.
Site Selection
Taman Perindustrian Subang The chosen site is Taman Perindustrian Subang located at Subang Jaya Selangor. It is an industrial land which was established in the 1970s. It was selected as the project site because 90% of the building in the area is occupied by SMEs,
which is the targeted demographic of the thesis.
Taman Perindustrian Subang
Second reason is the site is located within a well developed city with a mixture of residential, office and high rise surrounding the site creating a more dynamic study on the effect of the site Industry area to its surroundings.
Overall Satellite Map of Taman Perindustrian Subang
Site Hierarchy
Plot
Lot
Zoning
Area
The site hierarchy starts from the Subang Area then zoning up to become an industrial zone. The industrial zone is separated into multiple lots of land for different land owners. Some of the lot is then further divided into small plots for individuals to build factories on it.
Site Surrounding Context 1
Typical terrace house is the majority of buildings in the residential area.
The 19 USJ mall is another mall situated beside industry zone main for F&B and apartment on top.
Satellite Map indicating Residential Zone
The site is surrounded by a USJ resident zone developed by IJM in the 1970s and a well established township in Subang Jaya. This gives an opportunity to study the public perception toward the SMEs industry.
Site Surrounding Context 2
Summit USJ is one of the oldest malls in Subang Jaya, established in 1998.
The 19 USJ mall is another mall situated beside industry zone main for F&B and apartment on top.
Satellite Map indicating Mix Development Zone
The mixed development shopping mall is the people gathering point of the site with people travelling to buy daily groceries inside.
Site Surrounding Context 3
The LDP highway connects the site to the Puchong and Damansara area.
The latest infrastructure upgrade is the LRT station connecting Subang to other part of Klang Valley
Satellite Map indicating Infrastructure
The site has a well connected infrastructure system that creates opportunities for business and place making in the area that can reach out to more people.
Lot Typology 1
Typology
Full Lot Building
Typology
Sub Lot Building
Total Number 79
Total Number 484
Percentage
50%
Percentage
24%
Owner Type
SMEs & Large
Owner Type
SMEs
Built up Size
4,000 - 21,000 sqm
Built up Size
200 - 3,000 sqm
Site with Full Lot Building Highlighted
Site with Sub Lot Building Highlighted
Lot Typology 2
Typology
Terrace Building
Total Number 322 Percentage
6%
Owner Type
SMEs
Built up Size
100 - 300 sqm
Site with Terrace Building Highlighted
Site with Open Warehouse Highlighted
Site with Undeveloped Land Highlighted
SMEs Building Data 1
A site study was conducted for 85 SMEs building in Taman Perindustrian Subang to gather data related to building function to give insight on the typical SMEs need for building. Non of the SMEs have any Industry 4.0 Technology in their building.
Function of Building
Type of SMEs
In the area, 45% of SMEs buildings function as workshops to produce custom made products. 29% are warehouses for storing goods for distribution and 16% of buildings are mass production factories.
Among all buildings, furniture production is the main business model at the site with 22% and second are the steel fabrication for building construction.
SMEs Building Data 2
Size of Building
Height of Building
The size of the building ranges from 100 m2 to 2800 m2 based on the type of operation inside. The mean of the building size is 800 m2.
The height of the building ranges from 3m to 18m. The mean of the building height is 9m.
Space of Building The three major spaces inside a SMEs building are the production area, storage and office.
Typical Sub Lot Ground Floor Plan
Production Area This is the main area of the building whereby they produce the product in this area.
Showroom Not all SMEs buildings have a showroom. It is a space to let walk-in customers explore their product.
Typical Sub Lot Mezzanine Floor Plan
Storage Area This place is to store all the raw material or finished goods.
Office This is the area where the SMEs carry out procurement, development and management of the business.
Typical Sub Lot Section
Internal Road The internal road acts as a delivery space for material and finished goods.
Industry Building Policy
In Malaysia, planning of industry building is governed by the local authority and Department of Environment (DOE). Building requirements like plot ratio, build up area and space requirement are set by local authority.
The one difference from other types of building is the buffer zone requirement between residential area and industry zone. This is to make sure the industry zone is away from residential areas from a set distance of 50m to 300m depending on the type of industry. Taman Perindustrian Subang is categorized under light industry
with the buffer requirement of 50m to residential area. The purpose of this requirement is to safeguard the healthy environment of the resident area.
However this requirement created disconnection between residential and industry zones and the local authority has no intent to connect both zones to become an integrated city. This has further isolated industry areas from the public.
Road as Buffer Zone at Taman Perindustrian Subang
Site Finding
There is Industry 4.0 ready Infrastructure at the site. Their level of industry 4.0 adoption is low on the site. SMEs buildings come in various sizes. There is no collaboration among SMEs.
The site has a clear boundary between residential and industrial zones. Inside the industrial zone it has no public engagement space. The site is well connected by LRT and highway
Building Design Guideline for SMEs
Centralized Industry 4.0 Technology
Incorporate Public Engagement
Environmentally and Socially Sustainable
The building needs to centralize Industry 4.0 technology in one space to lower the barrier of entry to the technology and promote collaboration among SMEs.
The building needs to provide space for public engagement to promote and attract younger generation to the SMEs industry
The building must be environmentally and socially suitable to support the World Economic Forum objective of Industry 4.0.
Safe and Clean Environment
Flexibility in Space
The building must be safe and clean to break the negative public perception toward the SMEs industry.
The space provide for SMEs must be flexible to accommodate several kinds of SMEs
Building Typology
A new typology of building design centralizing industry 4.0 technology housing multiple types of SMEs with public engagement in a safe, flexible and sustainable SMEs environment.
Micro Site
Based on the building design guideline the undeveloped site beside USJ Mall was chosen as the micro site. The site is close to not only industry but also connected to shopping malls, public transport and residential areas that give the building exposure to the public.
Planning Strategy Each industrial revolution brings innovation not only in manufacturing, it also brings fresh architecture design theory into that era. After the 2nd industrial revolution modernist architecture started to influence the architecture landscape. Walter Gropius was one of the most prominent architects of that era, he advocated the standardization of precision component parts by treating buildings like a machine. He started the idea of mass production house with the goal to produce standardized, interchangeable house
components that could be assembled rationally into various combinations or forms. Today, at the 3rd industrial revolution, computerized design has become a norm in today's architecture practices. One of the architecture firms that specializes in computational design is MVRDV. They developed a software called function mixer, a planning development software that used pixels to transform the space into an enabler of diversity catering for different occupants and their individual
necessities. Looking at the coming 4.0 revolution focusing on seamless connection between cyber and physical
space. Architecture itself should also evolve to suit the environment of the future. Therefore, from the study of two pioneers in architecture in their era, a new method of planning strategy was developed called ‘Pixel Planning’.
Advantage of Pixel
Able to store data
Modulability
Easy to define
Limited possibility
Space representation
Digitization
User Based Program
Undigitization of Space
Data Collection &
Pixel Planning Workflow
Collecting existing building information
Digitizing existing space in pixel
Deconstruct and analysis the pixel
Reposition the pixel
Undigitizing the pixel into new space
Collect users response
Behavioral analytics of user response
Reconfigure the space
Digitization of Micro Site
Digitization of Existing Building Typology 1
Full Lot Building
Number of Full Lot Cube Area m2 Production 490 4410 Storage 132 1188 Office 206 1854 Showroom 88 792 Service 50 450 Road 400 3600 Green 158 1422 1524 13716
Building & Open Area Total
Ground Area 490 132 0 88 8694 32 400 5022 158 13716 1300
Ground Building & Open Area Total
Total Building Ground Percentag Percentag Percentag e e e Plot Ratio Density 32% 51% 38% 9% 14% 10% 14% 21% 0% 6% 9% 7% 742 3% 5% 2% 57% 26% 31% 558 10% 12% 43% 1300 100% 100% 100% 100% 6.69
Digitization of Existing Building Typology 2
Sub Lot Building
Number of Sub Lot Cube Area m2 Production 696 6264 Storage 240 2160 Office 216 1944 Showroom 144 1296 Service 24 216 Road 340 3060 Green 0 0 1660 14940
Building & Open Area Total
Ground Area 696 96 0 144 11880 24 340 3060 0 14940 1300
Ground Building & Open Area Total
Total Building Ground Percentag Percentag Percentag e e e Plot Ratio Density 42% 53% 54% 14% 18% 7% 13% 16% 0% 9% 11% 11% 960 1% 2% 2% 74% 20% 26% 340 0% 0% 26% 1300 100% 100% 100% 100% 9.14
Digitization of Existing Building Typology 3
Terrace Building
Number of Terrace Cube Area m2 Production 562 5058 Storage 156 1404 Office 312 2808 Showroom 0 0 Service 52 468 Road 450 4050 Green 80 720 1612 14508
Building & Open Area Total
Ground Area 562 156 0 0 9738 52 450 4770 80 14508 1300
Ground Building & Open Area Total
Total Building Ground Percentag Percentag Percentag e e e Plot Ratio Density 35% 52% 43% 10% 14% 12% 19% 29% 0% 0% 0% 0% 770 3% 5% 4% 59% 28% 35% 530 5% 6% 41% 1300 100% 100% 100% 100% 7.49
Deconstruct and Analysis the Pixel
Planning Study 1
Number of Test 1 Cube Area m2 Production 672 6048 Storage 132 1188 Office 224 2016 Showroom 288 2592 Service 56 504 Road 554 4986 Green 242 2178 2168 19512
Building & Open Area Total
Ground Area 336 132 0 72 12348 20 498 7164 242 19512 1300
Ground Building & Open Area Total
Total Building Ground Percentag Percentag Percentag Building e e e Plot Ratio Density 31% 49% 26% 6% 10% 10% 10% 16% 0% 13% 21% 6% 560 3% 4% 2% 43% 26% 38% 740 11% 19% 57% 1300 100% 100% 100% 100% 9.50
Deconstruct and Analysis the Pixel
Planning Study 2
Number of Test 2 Cube Area m2 Production 616 5544 Storage 132 1188 Office 176 1584 Showroom 288 2592 Service 56 504 Road 466 4194 Green 330 2970 2064 18576
Building & Open Area Total
Ground Area 280 132 0 72 11412 20 466 7164 330 18576 1300
Ground Building & Open Area Total
Total Building Ground Percentag Percentag Percentag e e e Plot Ratio Density 30% 49% 22% 6% 10% 10% 9% 14% 0% 14% 23% 6% 504 3% 4% 2% 39% 23% 36% 796 16% 25% 61% 1300 100% 100% 100% 100% 8.78
Reposition the Pixel
Massing Study 1
Number of Test 3 Cube Area m2 Production 864 7776 Storage 160 1440 Office 216 1944 Showroom 312 2808 Service 58 522 Road 582 5238 Green 405 3645 2597 23373
Building & Open Area Total
Ground Area 384 160 0 78 14490 22 582 8883 405 23373 1631
Ground Building & Open Area Total
Total Building Ground Percentag Percentag Percentag e e e Plot Ratio Density 33% 54% 24% 6% 10% 10% 8% 13% 0% 12% 19% 5% 644 2% 4% 1% 39% 22% 36% 987 16% 25% 61% 1631 100% 100% 100% 100% 8.88
New Space Proposal
Connection Park
Main Building
Production Building
Centralized Warehouse
Services
Zoning
Public -Allow all public to access at all time
Semi Public - Open to public in certain period
Private - Only allow invited public to access
Private - No public access Private - No public access allow allow
Function
A space as connection point to other part of the building at the same time provide
A space that is centralizing industry 4.0 technology for Multiple SMEs to showcase the
A space consist of multiple production spaces for different SMEs
A space that as a collection point that house all raw material and finish goods.
A space housing essential services to support the building
Key Activity
Recreation, Connection, Education, Interaction, Production, Experience Collaboration, Management Researching, Analysis, Design, Testing, exhibition
Storing, Distribution, Delivery
Data Processing, Building Services
Undigitizing the Pixel into New Space 1
Production Building Connection to Park
Production Building Connection to Centralized Warehouse
The internal road is placed under the building to connect both park and production building together with linked bridges to create seamless connectivity.
The production building is separated into upper and lower zones both of them come with transportation access directly to the unit.
Undigitizing the Pixel into New Space 2
Main Building Facade
Central Courtyard
The main building is the icon of the project which leads the public to experience the SMEs industry. Therefore an exposed staircase facade was tested to promote exploration.
The central courtyard is the main gathering space among public and SMEs to promote interaction and hand on experience to the public.
Undigitizing the Pixel into New Space 3
Centralized Warehouse
Connection Bridge
The warehouse is double stories to have a different storing zone to accommodate the upper and lower production building arrangement.
A connection bridge is proposed to connect USJ Mall, LRT station and residential area directly to the park.
Validation of Massing
Validation of the proposal massing was carried out with simulation software to capture the wind flow and sunlight capability of the massing. This is to achieve a sustainable building frame for SMEs.
Straight Form Wind Simulation
Angle Form Wind Simulation
When the building is straight in form like a terrace building, the building is limiting its natural ventilation capability.
When the building is angled 45 degrees, the building receives 60% more natural ventilation capability. Therefore, this form was chosen for the production building.
Schematic Design After finalizing the building massing and drafting out space ideas into the modular cube, then the space and form of the building was crafted into the building
massing.
Master Plan
7 6
1
5 2
3
1.
Main Building
2.
Central Courtyard
3.
Production Building
4.
Centralized Warehouse
5.
Connection Park
6.
Basement Carpark
7.
Link Bridge
4
Circulation Plan
2 1
3
1.
Pedestrian Connection
2.
Public Car Access
3.
Service Road
Section
Section A-A
Section B-B
Main Building 1
The design intern of the main building is to be eye catching that will attract people interested to visit the building. It is not designed the same as typical SMEs building to stand out at the site. The ground floor and first floor is for public usage as educational and interaction space for them to understand SMEs. Second floor to third Floor is an R & D function that houses different kinds of Industry 4.0 technology to encourage experiment among SMEs. At the top floor, it is an open office adopting the concept of co working space to promote collaboration. Ground Floor Plan
First Floor Plan
Main Building 2
Second Floor Plan
Third Floor Plan
Fourth Floor Plan
Production Building
Production building will house multiple SMEs from various sizes and shapes. The building layout adopted modularity of the structural system to allow the occupant to remove the intermediate wall that can further extend the layout to another unit. The unit can also be subdivided to become a smaller unit to cater smaller SMEs.
First Floor Plan
Centralize Warehouse
The Centralized warehouse handles all the transportation service by connecting to other zone warehouse facilities. It streamline the material handling process and help SMEs reach larger potential buyers in this system. The warehouse is using an automation system to smartly deliver and sort material.
Ground Floor Plan
Connection Park
The connection park is to bring the much needed green to the SMEs industry. This will help change the perception of the public toward SMEs and encourage the public to also enjoy the facilities provided here. The park is also the connection point that connects the residential zone to the building.