Public security,20 human rights and access to justice are also a challenge. Statistics on violence reveal deepening geographic and racial inequality. 21 Violence against women and the LGBTQI population is also increasing.22 Brazil has the world’s third largest
prison population, the majority of whom are young black men.23 Prisons are chronically over-populated and inadequate socio-educational and reintegration programmes remain a concern.24
TABLE 1. Status of Brazil’s SDGs, 202025 Assessment Achieved
Challenges remain
Significant challenges
Major challenges
Legend:
20 21
22
23 24 25
Indicator
Trend
SDG 7
Affordable and clean energy
SDG 6
Clean water and sanitation
SDG 11
Sustainable cities and communities
SDG 13
Climate action
SDG 17
Partnerships for the goals
SDG 1
No poverty
SDG 2
Zero hunger
SDG 4
Quality education
SDG 5
Gender equality
SDG 9
Industry, innovation and infrastructure
SDG 12
Responsible consumption and production
SDG 14
Life below water
SDG 15
Life on land
SDG 3
Good health and wellbeing
SDG 8
Decent work and economic growth
SDG 10
Reduced inequalities
SDG 16
Peace, justice and strong institutions
On track or maintaining SDG achievement
Moderately improving
Stagnating
Information unavailable
In 2017, Brazil recorded 30 homicides per 100,000 people (63,880 deaths), the highest rate ever (Public Security Forum, 2018). Homicide rates are highest in states in the North and Northeast regions (for example, Roraima and Ceará, with 72 and 53 homicides per 100,000 people, respectively). The homicide rate is increasing among Afro-Brazilians, while dropping in the white population (by 12 and 13 percent, respectively, between 2008 and 2018). Violence against women increased by about 31 percent between 2007 and 2017 (UNDP Brazil, Strategic Document 2019-2020); AfroBrazilian women represent 68 percent of the total number of female homicide victims. There are 726,000 inmates; 64 percent are black and 60 percent are aged between 18 and 29 (Infopen. 2018). See Universal Periodic Review – Brazil, https://www.ohchr.org/en/hrbodies/upr/pages/brindex.aspx. 100 is very clean, 0 is very corrupt. Sachs, J., Schmidt-Traub, G., Kroll, C., Lafortune, G., Fuller, G. and Woelm, F. (2020) The Sustainable Development Goals and COVID-19. Sustainable Development Report 2020. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, https://www.sdgindex.org/reports/sustainabledevelopment-report-2020/
CHAPTER 1. BACKGROUND AND INTRODUC TION
7
