Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-Water, 2013 Update by UNICEF Norge

Progress on

SANITATION and Drinking-water

2013 UPDATE

WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Progress on sanitation and drinking-water - 2013 update. 1.Water supply - standards. 2.Sanitation - trends. 3.Drinking-water - supply and distribution. 4.Program evaluation. I.World Health Organization. 2.UNICEF. ISBN 978 92 4 150539 0

(NLM classification: WA 670)

© World Health Organization and UNICEF 2013 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: bookorders@who.int). The World Health Organization and UNICEF welcome requests for permission to reproduce or translate their publications — whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution. Applications and enquiries should be addressed to WHO, Office of Publications, through the WHO web site (http://www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/ index.html) or to UNICEF, Division of Communication, 3 United Nations Plaza, New York 10017, USA (fax: +1 212 303 7985; e-mail: nyhqdoc.permit@unicef.org). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization or UNICEF concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization or UNICEF in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The figures included in this report have been estimated by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (www.wssinfo.org) to ensure compatibility, thus they are not necessarily the official statistics of the concerned country, area or territory, which may use alternative rigorous methods. The World Health Organization and UNICEF do not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. Photo credits: WaterAid/Jon Spaull (front cover); UNICEF/INDA2012-00406/SANDEEP BISWAS (p7); UNICEF/ INDA2012-00295/Singh (p9); iStockphoto/com africa924 (p11); UNICEF/MLWB2012-01630/CHRISTINE NESBITT (p13); WaterAid/Zute Lightfoot (back cover) Design and Layout: www.paprika-annecy.com Printed in France

Contents Global Sanitation Trends 1990–2011......................................................................................................................... 4 Trends IN OPEN DEFECATION 1990–2011. . ...................... ............................................................................................... 6 GLOBAL Drinking-water TRENDS 1990–2011.. ............ ............................................................................................... 8 Towards a post-2015 development agenda............ ............................................................................................ 10 THE JMP METHOD.. . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................................. 12 Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water. ............................ 14 Trends in urban and rural sanitation coverage, 1990–2011. ..................................................................... 36 Trends in urban and rural drinking-water coverage, 1990–2011. ......................................................... 37 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS: REGIONAL GROUPINGS. ................................................................................ 38

JMP 2013 update: Highlights This JMP 2013 update presents country, regional and global estimates for the year 2011. Since the JMP 2012 update, which presented 2010 estimates, results of 230 surveys have been added to the JMP database, bringing the total number of surveys in the JMP database close to 1700. As is to be expected from an annual update, the global estimates have hardly changed. Drinking-water coverage in 2011 remains at 89% – which is 1% above the MDG drinking-water target. In 2011, 768 million people relied on unimproved drinking-water sources. Sanitation coverage in 2011 was 64%. The world remains off track to meet the MDG sanitation target of 75% and if current trends continue, it is set to miss the target by more than half a billion people. By the end of 2011, there were 2.5 billion people who still did not use an improved sanitation facility. The number of people practising open defecation decreased to a little over 1 billion, but this still represents 15% of the global population. Since 2011, the JMP has facilitated broad discussions among more than 200 representatives from the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector, academia and the human rights and global monitoring communities to formulate new global WASH targets and indicators for consideration under

the post-2015 development agenda. On page 10 of this report, this process is further explained, and the preliminary outcomes of these discussions are presented for further consideration. With less than three years to go, a final push is needed to meet the MDG sanitation target. This requires providing around 1 billion people with access to sanitation – a daunting task that can only be accomplished through the concerted efforts of many partners. In March 2013, the Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations called upon the world to increase global efforts to accelerate progress towards the MDG sanitation target, which is among the targets for which progress has fallen furthest behind. In particular, he called upon governments, civil society, the private sector and UN agencies to pull together and help end the practice of open defecation by the year 2025. Page 6 of this report shows which countries have decreased open defecation rates the most since 1990. Some of these countries still have a rather large proportion of the population practising open defecation, while others have reduced the practice to only a few per cent of the population.

Global Sanitation Trends 1990–2011

In 2011, almost two thirds (64%) of the world population relied on improved sanitation facilities, while 15% continued to defecate in the open. Since 1990, almost 1.9 billion people have gained access to an improved sanitation facility. The world, however, remains off track to meet the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) sanitation target, which requires reducing

the proportion of people without access from 51% in 1990, to 25% by 2015. The greatest progress has been made in Eastern Asia, where sanitation coverage has increased from 27% in 1990 to 67% in 2011. This amounts to more than 626 million people gaining access to improved sanitation facilities over a 21-year period.

There are 45 countries where sanitation coverage is less than 50 percent

76–90%

91–100%

50–75%

Insufficient data or not applicable

<50%

Figure 1. Proportion of the population using improved sanitation in 2011.

Open defecation rates have sharply declined in almost all developing regions 14 26 39

4 0 6

64 Coverage (%)

3 5 4

1 13

82 68

41 26

88 7

2011

1990

2011

1990

2011

1990

2011

1990

2011

Northern Africa

1990

2011

Latin America & Caribbean Open defecation

1990

2011

Western Asia

1990

13 6

67 57

SubSouthOceania Saharan eastern Africa Asia Improved Shared Unimproved

15 10

21 26

Southern Asia

90 14

1990

0 1 3

1 6 2

5 47

5 10

2011

Eastern Asia

1990

2011

1990

2011

Caucasus Developing and Central countries Asia

1990

2011

World

Figure 2. Sanitation coverage trends by developing regions and the world, 1990–2011.

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

By the end of 2011, there were 2.5 billion people who lacked access to an improved sanitation facility. Of these, 761 million use public or shared sanitation facilities and another 693 million use facilities that do not meet minimum standards of hygiene (unimproved

sanitation facilities). The remaining 1 billion (15% of the world population) still practise open defecation. The majority (71%) of those without sanitation live in rural areas, where 90% of all open defecation takes place.

Since 1990, 1.1 billion people in urban areas gained access to improved sanitation whereas the urban population grew by 1.3 billion people 4 000

4 000

Urban

3 500

Population (millions)

133

2 500

133

2 000

196 204

Rural

3 500

150

3 000

471

198 309

2 500

1 152

2 887 1 736

2 203

500 0 1990

2000 Improved

2011 Shared

728

1 500

885

1 000

120

500

1 092

934

543

2 000

1 500 1 000

107

861

0 1990

Unimproved

290

208 1 230

1 568

2000

2011

Open defecation

Figure 3. Global sanitation coverage and open defecation trends in urban and rural areas by population, 1990–2011.

27 Countries have more than a quarter of the population still practising open defecation

>50%

26–50%

11–25%

1–10%

No open defecation

Insufficient data or not applicable

Figure 4. Proportion of the population practising open defecation in 2011.

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Trends IN OPEN DEFECATION 1990–2011

Open defecation rates declined globally from 24% in 1990 to 15% in 2011. In absolute numbers, this signifies a drop of 244 million people to 1.04 billion in 2011. The decline in the population practising open defecation has differed from region to region. Eastern Asia, South-eastern Asia and the Latin America and

Caribbean regions have seen a steady decline since the JMP’s earliest measurements describing conditions in 1990. In Southern Asia, the population practising open defecation peaked around 1995, after which it declined. Only in sub-Saharan Africa is the number of people defecating in the open still increasing.

Population practising open defecation (millions)

The global population practising open defecation is slowly declining 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0 1990

1995

2000

World Sub-Saharan Africa Eastern Asia

2005

2011

Southern Asia South-eastern Asia Latin America & Caribbean

Figure 5. Open defecation trends in developing regions and the world, 1990–2011. Many countries have made remarkable progress in reducing open defecation rates Open defecation rate (%)

Percentage point decline

Annual rate of decline (%)

Country

1990

2011

1990–2011

Viet Nam

12.3

Bangladesh

9.9

Peru

8.3

Malawi

7.8

Honduras

7.4

Lao People’s Democratic Republic*

4.8

Plurinational State of Bolivia

4.2

Pakistan

3.9

Angola

3.7

Haiti

3.7

Ethiopia

3.5

Nepal

3.2

Benin

1.9

Cambodia

1.8

* There are no 1990 open defecation estimates for Lao People’s Democratic Republic, so the range given here is for 1995–2011.

Table 1. Countries where open defecation rates declined 25 percentage points or more since 1990

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

GLOBAL Drinking-water TRENDS 1990—2011

By the end of 2011, 89% of the world population used an improved drinking-water source, and 55% enjoyed the convenience and associated health benefits of a piped supply on premises. An estimated 768 million people did not use an improved source for drinking‑water in 2011, including 185 million who relied on surface water to meet their daily drinking‑water needs. Urban drinking-water coverage has remained high over the past two decades, and currently only 4% of the urban population relies

on unimproved sources. However, in spite of the high urban drinking‑water coverage rates, issues of service quality remain. Supplies are often intermittent and this increases contamination risks. Of the 2.1 billion people who gained access since 1990, almost two thirds, 1.3 million, lived in urban areas. By the end of 2011, 83% of the population without access to an improved drinking-water source lived in rural areas.

Sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania have the lowest drinking-water coverage

91–100%

76–90%

50–75%

Insufficient data or not applicable

<50%

Figure 6. Proportion of the population using improved sources of drinking-water in 2011.

Less than a third of the population in four regions enjoy piped water on premises 24

13 31

Coverage (%)

6 9

21 33

1990

2011

SubSaharan Africa

1990

2011

Oceania

Piped on premises

19 1990

2011

Southern Asia

81 71

8 18

34 40

53 48

68 58

47 35

55 44

17 1990

2011

Southeastern Asia

Other improved

1990

2011

Caucasus and Central Asia Unimproved

1990

2011

Eastern Asia

1990

2011

Western Asia

1990

2011

Northern Africa

1990

2011

1990

2011

Latin Developing America countries & Caribbean

1990

2011

World

Surface water

Figure 7. Drinking-water coverage trends by developing regions and the world, 1990–2011.

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Over 70% of the global progress made in access to improved sources of drinking-water has been achieved through gaining access to piped drinking-water on

premises. More than two thirds of the 1.5 billion people who gained access to piped supplies at home live in urban areas.

In rural areas, 1.7 billion people rely on public taps, handpumps, protected wells, protected springs and rainwater 4 000

4 000 3 500

Population (millions)

3 000 18 93 334

2 500 2 000

Urban

15 117

3 500

19 109 442

595

3 000

171

266

322

465

669

2 500

814

2 000

1 500 1 000

Rural

2 888 2 273

1 823

1 500

1 732 1 538

1 367

1 000 500

500 0 1990

2000 Piped on premises

0 1990

2011 Other improved

785

516

2000

Unimproved

967 2011

Surface water

Figure 8. Global drinking-water coverage trends in urban and rural areas, 1990–2011.

Piped drinking-water supplies on premises are associated with the best health outcomes

>50%

26–50%

11–25%

1–10%

Insufficient data or not applicable

Figure 9. Proportion of the population using piped water on premises in 2011.

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Towards a post-2015 development agenda

The WHO/UNICEF JMP-led technical process on the formulation of post-2015 WASH targets and indicators A new era: the post-2015 consultations

Process

Anticipating the discussion on post-2015 development goals, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Fund (UNICEF) convened a first consultation with broad stakeholder representation in Berlin in May 2011, to start a process of formulating proposals for post-2015 targets and corresponding indicators for water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), in the context of possible goals.

Over the ensuing 18 months, the working groups developed proposals for targets and indicators. These were based on the above-mentioned principles and a shared vision that:

The first consultation reviewed the current global drinking-water and sanitation monitoring landscape, identified the strengths and weaknesses of the current MDG targets and indicators, discussed the relevance of the principles underlying the human rights to water and sanitation for consideration in future goals and targets and reached agreement on a roadmap towards the formulation of a menu of options with a limited number of viable global targets and indicators corresponding to a possible global WASH goal. As an outcome of the Berlin consultation, four working groups1 were established: Water Supply, Sanitation, Hygiene and Equity and Non-Discrimination (END), consisting of WASH sector and human rights experts and representatives from academia and the global monitoring community tasked with the development of targets and indicators for the specific subsector (except for END, which was cross-sectoral). Participants agreed to reconvene for a second consultation in The Hague, the Netherlands, in December 2012 to review the work of the respective groups. In the development of targets and indicators, all working groups were asked to consider the following principles:

They should be formulated in the context of a simple, inspirational vision, articulated around universal access and use of safe drinking-water and sanitation, with hygiene being added to the scope of the new targets. They should reflect progressive realization of the human rights to safe drinking-water and sanitation. They should build on existing indicators and monitoring mechanisms to ensure continuity in global monitoring.

No one should practise open defecation. Everyone should have safe water, sanitation and hygiene at home. All schools and health centres should have water, sanitation and hygiene. Water, sanitation and hygiene should be sustainable. Inequalities in access should be eliminated.

The targets and indicators were presented in a consolidated document to the wider development community during the second consultation, held in The Hague in early December 2012. The proposed targets address the objectives of progressive realization through increasing the numbers of people using services, reducing inequalities, increasing service levels, driving progress in schools and health centres as well as households and achieving sustainable, universal coverage. At their core, the targets are aspirational and visionary. They do not merely formulate what is practical to achieve, but instead strive for the best we can do as a global society.

Detailed targets The four targets include both interim and final targets and indicators and have received broad support among experts in the sector. Target 1: By 2025, no one practices open defecation and inequalities in the practice of open defecation have been progressively eliminated. Target 2: By 2030, everyone uses a basic drinkingwater supply and handwashing facilities when at home, all schools and health centres provide all users with basic drinking-water supply and adequate sanitation, handwashing facilities and menstrual hygiene facilities and inequalities in access to each of these services have been progressively eliminated.

Working group leads: Water Supply: WaterAid and International Water and Sanitation Centre; Sanitation: World Bank Water and Sanitation Program; Hygiene: United States Agency for International Development; Equity and Non-Discrimination: United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Special Rapporteur on the Human Right to Water and Sanitation/Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights.

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Waterď ź2013 update

Target 3: By 2040, everyone uses adequate sanitation when at home, the proportion of the population not using an intermediate drinking-water supply service at home has been reduced by half, the excreta from at least half of schools, health centres and households with adequate sanitation are safely managed and inequalities in access to each of these services have been progressively reduced. Target 4: All drinking-water supply, sanitation and hygiene services are delivered in a progressively affordable, accountable and financially and environmentally sustainable manner. Scope of targets: The targets are global, are outcome-focused and reflect a progressive realization of the human rights to water and sanitation. Based on the simple inspirational vision of the universal access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene, they focus on the poor, disadvantaged and those excluded at the individual and household level, as well as in schools and health centres. Pursuing the elimination of inequities and inequalities, the targets seek to both increase the number of people using water, sanitation and hygiene as well as progressively improve levels of service. Format of targets: There are between one and three targets per subsector, each with a set of accompanying indicators that are unambiguous, expressed in simple language to be as easily communicated as possible and without professional jargon. The targets are cohesive, each with clear and comprehensive definitions, expressed in terms of a set of dates by which various levels of inequality reduction and improvements in service levels and practices will have taken place, while respecting each subsector equally (not allowing one subsector to subsume another). As the target year of the future global development framework has not yet been set, a 25-year period is assumed, between 2015 and 2040.

Moving forward During 2013, proposed indicators and their data sources will be further validated to ensure that the indicators robustly measure the proposed targets. Time permitting, the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) intends to collect information on the indicators where data are available in order to be able to establish a credible baseline by 2015. While the JMP is facilitating the technical process, a parallel political process has begun, with many groups reaching out to UN member states, championing WASH in the wider post-2015 discussions. No matter what framework is adopted for the post-2015 development agenda, these ambitious yet realistic targets can guide the way towards better water, sanitation and hygiene for all people and in doing so will help reduce poverty and achieve sustainable development. The reports of the consultations held in Berlin and The Hague, along with the consolidated proposal document and the detailed reports of the four working groups, can all be downloaded from www.wssinfo.org/post-2015monitoring/. Some proposed definitions for post-2015 Basic drinking-water supply:

Use of an improved drinking-water source* â&#x2030;¤ 30 minute water collection round trip

Intermediate drinking-water supply at home:

Use of an improved drinking-water source on premises* Available in acceptable quantities at least 12â&#x20AC;&#x2030;of the past 14 days Water quality of < 10 cfu (colony-forming units) of E.Coli/100ml

*for urban areas excluding protected dug wells and protected springs

Adequate sanitation at home:

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Waterď ź2013 update

Use of an improved sanitation facility at home Shared between five households or less

5. Open defecation Open defecation: when human faeces are disposed of in fields, forests, bushes, open bodies of water, beaches or other open spaces or disposed of with solid waste.

UNIMPROVED SANITATION

Unimproved facilities Unimproved sanitation facilities: do not ensure hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact. Unimproved facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines.

Shared Shared sanitation facilities: Sanitation facilities of an otherwise acceptable type shared between two or more households. Only facilities that are not shared or not public are considered improved.

Improved IMPROVED SANITATION

Improved sanitation facilities: are likely to ensure hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact. They include the following facilities: • Flush/pour flush to: - piped sewer system - septic tank - pit latrine • Ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine • Pit latrine with slab • Composting toilet

Sanitation ladder

THE JMP METHOD The JMP is tasked with providing estimates that are comparable among countries and across time. Because definitions of “improved” sanitation facilities and drinking-water sources can vary widely among countries, the JMP has established a standard set of categories that are used to analyse national data on which the MDG trends and estimates are based (see page margins for the categories and definitions of access to drinking-water and sanitation). The population data used in this report, including the proportion of the population living in urban and rural areas, are those established by the UN Population Division (World Population Prospects: 2011 Revision). The definitions and data sources used by the JMP are often different from those used by national governments. Estimates in this report may therefore differ from national estimates. According to the JMP, an improved drinking-water source is one that, by the nature of its construction, adequately protects the source from outside contamination, particularly faecal matter. An improved sanitation facility is one that hygienically separates human excreta from human contact. The coverage estimates for improved sanitation facilities presented in this report are discounted by the proportion of the population that shared an improved type of sanitation facility. The percentage of the population that shares a sanitation facility of an otherwise improved type is subtracted from the trend estimates of improved sanitation facilities. This is derived from the average of data from household surveys or censuses with such a ratio. For each country, the JMP estimates are based on fitting a regression1 line to a series of data points from household surveys and censuses. Because the regression involves retrofitting the entire time series, estimates may differ from and may not be comparable to earlier estimates for the same reference year (including the 1990 baseline year). This is a result of adding newly available data and filling in missing data

for past years. Questions are often raised about the appropriateness of using a linear trend line. It can be argued that other types of curve-fitting procedures might better reflect the progression of coverage over time. However, the paucity of data points in many countries makes the use of more complex procedures inconsistent with good statistical practice. When MDG monitoring commenced, linear regression was deemed the best method for the limited amount of often poorly comparable data on file (some countries had as few as two data points for many years), especially given the relatively short time frame of the MDGs – 25 years is only a fraction of the time needed to go from no access to full coverage. Unfortunately, the current use of linear regression to derive estimates does not allow rapid changes in coverage to be captured. The increased availability of comparable data now allows for the exploration of more sophisticated modelling in preparation for a new, post-2015 drinking-water target. Since the publication of the JMP 2012 progress report, 230 datasets from 117 countries have been added to the JMP database (see map on page 13). The new estimates are based on almost 1700 datasets, nearly double the number of datasets on file five years ago. The JMP has benefited from the increased availability of household survey data on web sites of national statistics offices as well as from the survey repository of the International Household Survey Network hosted by the World Bank. Collaboration with the Secretariat of the Pacific Community resulted in an additional 20 datasets for the countries in Oceania, a region for which the JMP previously had few data. In total, 59 datasets from countries in Oceania were added to the JMP database, significantly increasing the robustness of estimates for that region. The table on page 13 gives a breakdown by region of the data added since the publication of the 2012 report, for the periods before and after the year 2000.

S imple linear regression is used to estimate the proportion of the population using the following drinking-water sources: - Piped supplies on premises - Improved drinking-water sources - Surface water and sanitation facilities: - Improved types of sanitation facilities (including shared facilities of an improved type) - Open defecation The remaining population uses unimproved drinking-water sources and unimproved sanitation facilities, respectively. For communication purposes in its report, the JMP displays these proportions as rounded integers, which together add to 100% for drinking-water and sanitation, respectively. For its database on the JMP web site (www.wssinfo.org), we use unrounded estimates to achieve greater accuracy when converting coverage estimates into numbers of people with or without access. Any “apparent” discrepancies between the published estimates and those derived from the JMP web site are due to the published estimates appearing rounded to the nearest integer.

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

The JMP 2013 report includes new data for 117 countries

Surface water

Unimproved sources Unimproved drinking-water sources: Unprotected dug well, unprotected spring, cart with small tank/drum, surface water, bottled water.

UNIMPROVED DRINKING-WATER

Surface drinking-water sources: river, dam, lake, pond, stream, canal, irrigation channels.

Other improved

Data added for the 2013 update

No data added

Not applicable

Figure 10. Countries where new data were added since the 2012 report.

Piped water on premises

Table 2. New datasets added to the JMP database since the publication of the JMP 2012 progress report. Number of pre-2000 datasets

Number of 2000–2007 datasets

Number of post-2007 datasets

Western Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

South-eastern Asia

Region

Southern Asia

Oceania

Northern Africa

Latin America and the Caribbean

Caucasus and Central Asia

Eastern Asia

Developed countries

Total

110

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Piped water on premises: Piped household water connection located inside the user’s dwelling, plot or yard.

IMPROVED DRINKING-WATER

Other improved drinkingwater sources: Public taps or standpipes, tube wells or boreholes, protected dug wells, protected springs, rainwater collection.

DRINKING-WATER ladder

Country, regional and global estimates1 on sanitation and drinking-water

Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium

Open defecation

Australia

Unimproved

Aruba

Shared

Armenia

Improved

Argentina

Open defecation

Antigua and Barbuda

Unimproved

Anguilla

Shared

Angola

Improved

Andorra

Open defecation

American Samoa

13 032 22 856 32 358 3 289 3 072 3 216 25 299 30 534 35 980 47 58 70 53 65 86 10 335 13 926 19 618 8 11 16 62 78 90 32 642 36 931 40 765 3 545 3 076 3 100 62 90 108 17 096 19 164 22 606 7 671 8 005 8 413 7 212 8 111 9 306 256 298 347 493 638 1 324 105 256 129 592 150 494 260 268 274 10 260 10 058 9 559 9 949 10 176 10 754

Unimproved

Algeria

1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011

National

Shared

Albania

Population (x 1000)

Unimproved

Improved

Afghanistan

Year

Rural

Unimproved

Percentage urban population

Country, area or territory

Urban

18 21 24 36 42 53 52 61 73 81 89 93 95 92 87 37 49 59 100 100 100 35 32 30 87 90 93 67 65 64 50 47 47 85 87 89 66 66 68 54 51 54 80 82 84 88 88 89 20 24 28 33 38 44 66 70 75 96 97 97

– 32 46 93 94 95 99 99 98 – – – 100 100 100 67 75 86 – 92 98 – – – 89 93 96 95 96 96 – – – 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 73 86 – – – – – – 54 55 55 – – – 91 91 92 100 100 100

– 14 20 4 4 4 – – – – – – 0 0 0 – – – – – – – – – 2 2 2 3 3 3 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 9 11 – – – – – – 29 30 30 – – – 8 8 8 0 0 0

– 43 34 3 2 1 1 0 1 – – – 0 0 0 0 2 11 – 6 0 – – – 9 5 2 2 1 1 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 18 3 – – – – – – 10 10 13 – – – 1 1 0 0 0 0

– 11 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 – – – 0 0 0 33 23 3 – 2 2 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 0 0 – – – – – – 7 5 2 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0

– 21 23 74 81 93 77 82 88 – – – 100 100 100 7 11 19 NA NA NA – – – 68 83 98 – 77 81 – – – 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 50 78 – – – – – – 34 42 55 – – – 96 96 97 100 100 100

– 7 8 5 6 7 – – – – – – 0 0 0 – – – NA NA NA – – – 1 1 2 – 3 3 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 2 3 – – – – – – 16 20 26 – – – 2 2 2 0 0 0

– 40 48 21 13 0 8 4 2 – – – 0 0 0 21 22 22 NA NA NA – – – 31 16 0 – 20 16 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 48 18 – – – – – – 12 14 14 – – – 2 2 1 0 0 0

– 32 21 0 0 0 15 14 10 – – – 0 0 0 72 67 59 NA NA NA – – – 0 0 0 – 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 0 1 – – – – – – 38 24 5 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0

– 23 28 81 86 94 89 92 95 97 97 97 100 100 100 29 42 59 – 92 98 75 85 91 87 92 96 – 89 90 99 98 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 62 82 – 88 – 99 99 99 38 45 55 82 90 – 93 93 93 100 100 100

– 9 11 5 5 5 – – – – – – 0 0 0 – – – – – – – – – 2 2 2 – 3 3 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 6 7 – 5 – – – – 19 23 27 – – – 6 7 7 0 0 0

– 40 45 14 9 1 3 2 2 3 3 3 0 0 0 14 12 15 – 6 0 20 13 9 11 6 2 – 8 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 32 11 – 6 – 1 1 1 11 13 14 18 9 – 1 0 0 0 0 0

– 28 16 0 0 0 8 6 3 – – – 0 0 0 57 46 26 – 2 2 5 2 0 0 0 0 – 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 0 0 – 1 – 0 0 0 32 19 4 0 1 – 0 0 0 0 0 0

Unimproved

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Use of sanitation facilities (percentage of population)

16 14 24 23 25 37 41 30 20 NA* 25 20 6 34 – 57 23 – NA* 6

“NA” represents data not applicable. A dash (–) represents data not available at the time of publication. * Shown as NA for countries with a declining population over the period 1995–2011.

For communication purposes in its report, the JMP displays these proportions as rounded integers, which together add to 100% for drinking-water and sanitation, respectively. For its database on the JMP

web site (www.wssinfo.org), we use unrounded estimates to achieve greater accuracy when converting coverage estimates into numbers of people with or without access. Any “apparent” discrepancies between the published estimates and those derived from the JMP web site are due to the published estimates appearing rounded to the nearest integer.

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium

Surface water

Azerbaijan

Unimproved

Austria

Other improved

Australia

Piped on premises

Aruba

Total improved

Armenia

Surface water

Argentina

Unimproved

Antigua and Barbuda

Other improved

Anguilla

Piped on premises

Angola

Total improved

Andorra

Year Surface water

American Samoa

Unimproved

Algeria

Improved

Other improved

Albania

National Unimproved

Piped on premises

Afghanistan

Improved

Total improved

Country, area or territory

Rural Unimproved

– 36 85 100 100 95 100 93 85 – – – 100 100 100 43 52 66 – 93 95 – – – 97 98 100 98 99 100 – – – 100 100 100 100 100 100 88 88 88 – – – – – – 87 86 85 – – – 100 100 100 100 100 100

3 10 27 96 95 91 87 84 80 – – – 100 100 100 16 23 33 – 58 – – – – 74 86 99 95 96 98 – – – – – – 100 100 100 67 72 78 – – – – – – 24 27 31 – – – – 90 95 100 100 100

– 26 58 4 5 4 13 9 5 – – – 0 0 0 27 29 33 – 35 – – – – 23 12 1 3 3 2 – – – – – – 0 0 0 21 16 10 – – – – – – 63 59 54 – – – – 10 5 0 0 0

– 54 11 0 0 5 0 7 15 – – – 0 0 0 44 36 31 – 7 5 – – – 3 2 0 2 1 0 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 10 – – – – – – 13 14 14 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0

– 10 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 13 12 3 – – – – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 – – – – – – 0 0 1 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 18 53 95 95 94 88 84 79 – – – 100 100 100 42 39 35 NA NA NA – – – 69 81 95 – 82 98 – – – 100 100 100 100 100 100 49 59 71 – – – – – – 74 77 82 – – – 99 99 99 100 100 100

0 0 4 – 44 71 48 52 56 – – – 100 100 100 1 1 1 NA NA NA – – – 13 50 90 52 68 91 – – – – – – 100 100 100 17 18 20 – – – – – – 0 0 1 – – – – 31 79 96 99 100

3 18 49 – 51 23 40 32 23 – – – 0 0 0 41 38 34 NA NA NA – – – 56 31 5 – 14 7 – – – – – – 0 0 0 32 41 51 – – – – – – 74 77 81 – – – – 68 20 4 1 0

49 45 34 3 3 6 10 15 20 – – – 0 0 0 28 24 15 NA NA NA – – – 18 12 0 – 18 2 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 24 13 – – – – – – 22 20 16 – – – 1 1 1 0 0 0

48 37 13 2 2 0 2 1 1 – – – 0 0 0 30 37 50 NA NA NA – – – 13 7 5 – 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 17 16 – – – – – – 4 3 2 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0

– 22 61 97 97 95 94 89 84 94 100 100 100 100 100 42 46 53 – 93 95 97 98 98 93 97 99 – 93 99 91 94 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 70 74 80 – 96 96 95 99 100 76 79 83 95 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

1 2 9 – 65 82 69 72 74 65 79 81 100 100 100 6 12 20 – 58 – 61 76 86 66 82 98 81 86 96 90 91 93 – – – 100 100 100 44 46 51 – 93 – 39 92 100 5 7 10 94 96 97 – 72 91 100 100 100

– 20 52 – 32 13 25 17 10 29 21 19 0 0 0 36 34 33 – 35 – 36 22 12 27 15 1 – 7 3 1 3 5 – – – 0 0 0 26 28 29 – 3 – 56 7 0 71 72 73 1 3 3 – 28 9 0 0 0

– 47 28 2 2 5 5 11 16 6 0 0 0 0 0 34 29 25 – 7 5 3 2 2 5 2 1 – 7 1 9 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 17 12 – 4 4 5 1 0 21 19 16 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

– 31 11 1 1 0 1 0 0 – 0 0 0 0 0 24 25 22 – – – – – – 2 1 0 – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 8 – – – – – 0 3 2 1 – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Urban Improved

58 0 11 26 25 27 36 23 18 5 29 20 6

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

Use of drinking–water sources (percentage of population)

21 19 59 23 6 NA* 6

“NA” represents data not applicable. A dash (–) represents data not available at the time of publication. * Shown as NA for countries with a declining population over the period 1995–2011.

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China

Open defecation

Burkina Faso

Unimproved

Bulgaria

Shared

Brunei Darussalam

Improved

British Virgin Islands

Open defecation

Brazil

Unimproved

Botswana

Shared

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Improved

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

Open defecation

Bhutan

190 251 318 4 773 6 518 9 100 60 63 65 559 571 738 6 658 8 307 10 088 4 308 3 694 3 752 1 382 1 758 2 031 149 650 174 425 196 655 16 20 23 252 327 406 8 819 8 006 7 446 9 324 12 294 16 968 5 602 6 374 8 575 9 532 12 447 14 305 12 181 15 678 20 030 27 701 30 667 34 350 348 437 501 26 40 57 2 935 3 702 4 487 6 011 8 222 11 525 13 188 15 420 17 270 1 145 195 1 269 117 1 347 565

Unimproved

Bermuda

National

Shared

Benin

Population (x 1000)

Unimproved

Improved

Belize

Year

Rural

Unimproved

Percentage urban population

Country, area or territory

Urban

47 48 45 34 38 45 100 100 100 16 25 36 56 62 67 39 43 48 42 53 62 74 81 85 38 39 41 66 71 76 66 69 73 14 18 27 6 8 11 16 19 20 40 46 52 77 79 81 44 53 63 100 100 100 37 38 39 21 22 22 83 86 89 26 36 51

76 85 93 14 19 25 – – – – 66 74 41 49 57 98 98 100 61 70 78 79 83 87 – – – – – – 100 100 100 44 47 50 33 38 45 36 50 76 63 61 58 100 100 100 – 61 74 96 96 96 21 32 43 21 26 31 91 95 100 48 61 74

6 6 7 20 28 37 – – – – 19 21 20 24 28 0 0 0 5 6 6 1 1 1 – – – – – – 0 0 0 32 33 36 26 31 36 5 7 10 20 19 18 0 0 0 – – – – – – 12 18 24 12 15 18 – – – 15 20 24

14 7 0 14 13 11 – – – – 10 5 14 11 10 1 2 0 23 18 16 14 13 11 – – – – – – 0 0 0 13 10 5 40 30 17 9 6 1 15 19 23 0 0 0 – 12 8 4 4 4 57 44 30 42 39 37 5 2 0 34 18 2

4 2 0 52 40 27 – – – – 5 0 25 16 5 1 0 0 11 6 0 6 3 1 – – – – – – 0 0 0 11 10 9 1 1 2 50 37 13 2 1 1 0 0 0 – 27 18 – – – 10 6 3 25 20 14 4 3 0 3 1 0

76 81 87 0 3 5 NA NA NA – 30 29 12 18 24 – 93 92 22 32 42 31 39 48 – – – – – – 99 99 100 2 4 6 42 46 51 3 10 22 37 37 36 99 99 99 – 25 45 NA NA NA 5 16 28 4 5 6 53 70 89 15 35 56

6 6 7 1 6 12 NA NA NA – 28 28 3 4 5 – 1 1 6 8 11 1 1 1 – – – – – – 0 0 0 3 6 9 5 5 6 1 2 5 8 8 8 – – – – – – NA NA NA 2 8 14 1 1 1 – – – 4 9 14

9 7 3 3 4 7 NA NA NA – 30 38 13 16 22 – 5 7 20 17 12 20 26 33 – – – – – – 1 1 0 6 7 10 50 46 40 6 6 4 38 40 44 1 1 1 – 17 13 NA NA NA 44 36 27 2 7 13 41 26 9 72 51 28

9 6 3 96 87 76 NA NA NA – 12 5 72 62 49 – 1 0 52 43 35 48 34 18 – – – – – – 0 0 0 89 83 75 3 3 3 90 82 69 17 15 12 – – – – 58 42 NA NA NA 49 40 31 93 87 80 6 4 2 9 5 2

76 83 90 5 9 14 – – – – 39 45 28 37 46 – 95 96 39 52 64 67 75 81 98 98 98 – – – 99 100 100 8 12 18 42 46 50 9 18 33 47 48 48 100 100 100 – 44 63 96 96 96 11 22 34 8 10 12 85 92 99 24 45 65

6 6 7 7 15 23 – – – – 26 26 12 16 20 – 1 0 5 7 8 1 1 1 – – – – – – 0 0 0 7 11 16 6 7 9 1 3 6 13 13 13 – – – – – – – – – 6 12 18 3 4 5 – – – 7 13 19

11 7 2 8 7 9 – – – – 24 26 14 13 15 – 3 4 21 18 15 15 15 14 1 1 1 – – – 1 0 0 7 7 8 49 44 38 6 5 3 29 30 33 0 0 0 – 15 10 4 4 4 49 39 28 10 14 18 10 5 1 62 38 15

7 4 1 80 69 54 – – – – 11 3 46 34 19 – 1 0 35 23 13 17 9 4 1 1 1 – – – 0 0 0 78 70 58 3 3 3 84 74 58 11 9 6 0 0 0 – 41 27 – – – 34 27 20 79 72 65 5 3 0 7 4 1

Unimproved

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Use of sanitation facilities (percentage of population)

35 10 – – 22 11 28 23 21 – NA* 12 19 25 15 15 34 41 23 6 25 34

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China

Surface water

Cambodia

Unimproved

Burundi

Other improved

Burkina Faso

Piped on premises

Bulgaria

Total improved

Brunei Darussalam

Surface water

British Virgin Islands

Unimproved

Brazil

Other improved

Botswana

Piped on premises

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Total improved

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

Year Surface water

Bhutan

Unimproved

Bermuda

Improved

Other improved

Benin

National Unimproved

Piped on premises

Belize

Improved

Total improved

Country, area or territory

Rural Unimproved

88 92 97 72 78 85 – – – 99 99 100 91 93 96 99 99 100 100 99 99 96 98 100 – – – – – – 100 100 100 75 85 96 97 90 82 48 63 90 76 86 95 100 100 100 – 84 91 – 93 96 78 85 92 49 60 71 99 99 100 97 98 98

74 80 86 16 23 32 – – – – 81 81 79 87 95 96 96 94 39 64 90 92 94 96 – – – – – – 96 97 98 11 18 26 32 39 46 16 33 65 23 25 26 100 100 100 – 42 59 – 73 87 8 7 6 7 15 24 97 98 99 92 93 95

14 12 11 56 55 53 – – – – 18 19 12 6 1 3 3 6 61 35 9 4 4 4 – – – – – – 4 3 2 64 67 70 65 51 36 32 30 25 53 61 69 0 0 0 – 42 32 – 20 9 70 78 86 42 45 47 2 1 1 5 5 3

12 8 2 19 17 13 – – – 0 0 0 8 6 4 1 1 0 0 1 1 4 2 0 – – – – – – 0 0 0 24 15 4 1 7 13 30 22 7 11 8 4 0 0 0 – 16 9 – 7 4 20 14 7 48 38 29 1 1 0 2 1 2

0 0 1 9 5 2 – – – 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 3 5 22 15 3 13 6 1 0 0 0 – 0 0 – – – 2 1 1 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

59 79 100 49 59 69 NA NA NA – 82 96 41 56 72 96 96 98 86 90 93 68 76 84 – – – – – – 100 99 99 39 55 74 68 70 73 28 40 61 31 42 52 99 99 99 – 81 86 NA NA NA 47 49 51 37 41 44 47 67 90 56 70 85

20 44 69 0 2 4 NA NA NA – 45 44 12 33 57 – 77 71 10 24 38 39 51 65 – – – – – – 67 77 92 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 5 2 2 3 – 38 – 0 8 43 NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 1 29 42 56 12 28 45

39 35 31 49 57 65 NA NA NA – 37 52 29 23 15 – 19 27 76 66 55 29 25 19 – – – – – – 33 22 7 39 55 74 67 69 72 28 38 56 29 40 49 – 61 – – 73 43 NA NA NA 47 49 51 37 41 43 18 25 34 44 42 40

30 15 0 22 23 25 NA NA NA – 4 0 19 12 5 4 4 2 6 4 3 18 15 12 – – – – – – 0 0 0 51 37 21 23 18 12 36 31 21 17 18 18 1 1 1 – 18 14 NA NA NA 34 38 43 47 49 52 40 16 10 34 24 13

11 6 0 29 18 6 NA NA NA – 14 4 40 32 23 0 0 0 8 6 4 14 9 4 – – – – – – 0 1 1 10 8 5 9 12 15 36 29 18 52 40 30 – – – – 1 0 NA NA NA 19 13 6 16 10 4 13 17 – 10 6 2

73 85 99 57 66 76 – – – – 86 97 69 79 88 97 98 99 92 95 97 88 93 97 – 95 – – – – 100 100 99 44 60 80 69 72 74 31 44 67 49 62 74 100 100 100 – 83 89 – 93 96 58 63 67 40 45 50 90 95 98 67 80 92

46 61 77 5 10 16 – – – – 54 57 49 66 83 – 85 82 22 46 70 78 86 92 – 75 – – – – 86 91 97 2 3 7 3 4 6 2 8 17 10 12 15 – 87 – – 26 53 – 73 87 3 3 3 2 4 6 86 90 95 33 52 70

27 24 22 52 56 60 – – – – 32 40 20 13 5 – 13 17 70 49 27 10 7 5 – 20 – – – – 14 9 2 42 57 73 66 68 68 29 36 50 39 50 59 – 13 – – 57 36 – 20 9 55 60 64 38 41 44 4 5 3 34 28 22

21 12 1 21 21 20 – – – – 3 1 12 8 4 3 2 1 3 2 1 8 5 2 – 5 – – – – 0 0 1 48 34 16 23 17 12 35 29 18 14 13 12 0 0 0 – 16 11 – 7 4 29 29 29 46 46 47 8 2 2 26 16 7

6 3 0 22 13 4 – – – – 11 2 19 13 8 0 0 0 5 3 2 4 2 1 – – – – – – 0 0 0 8 6 4 8 11 14 34 27 15 37 25 14 0 0 0 – 1 0 – – – 13 8 4 14 9 3 2 3 – 7 4 1

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Urban Improved

44 38 – – 33 12 24 22 – – NA* 48 24

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

Use of drinking–water sources (percentage of population)

41 36 15 25 42 23 24 21 25

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia

Open defecation

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Unimproved

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Shared

Czech Republic

Improved

Cyprus

Open defecation

Cuba

Unimproved

Croatia

Shared

Côte d'Ivoire

Improved

Costa Rica

Open defecation

Cook Islands

33 203 39 764 46 927 438 562 754 2 389 3 136 4 140 18 18 20 3 070 3 919 4 727 12 518 16 582 20 153 4 517 4 506 4 396 10 570 11 104 11 254 767 943 1 117 10 303 10 243 10 534 20 143 22 894 24 451 36 406 49 626 67 758 5 141 5 340 5 573 562 732 906 71 70 68 7 195 8 592 10 056 10 261 12 345 14 666 56 843 67 648 82 537 5 333 5 940 6 227 374 520 720 3 158 3 668 5 415 1 568 1 371 1 341

Unimproved

Congo

National

Shared

Comoros

Population (x 1000)

Unimproved

Improved

Colombia

Year

Rural

Unimproved

Percentage urban population

Country, area or territory

Urban

68 72 75 28 28 28 54 59 64 58 65 74 51 59 65 39 44 51 54 56 58 73 76 75 67 69 70 75 74 73 58 59 60 28 29 34 85 85 87 76 77 77 68 67 67 55 62 70 55 60 67 43 43 43 49 59 65 35 39 39 16 18 21 71 69 69

79 81 82 34 42 – – 21 19 – – – 93 94 95 38 37 36 99 99 99 86 90 94 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 65 88 32 31 29 100 100 100 69 71 73 – 80 – 82 84 86 86 91 96 91 95 97 70 75 79 – 92 – 58 54 – 96 96 100

14 14 15 2 2 – – 42 39 – – – 4 4 4 25 24 23 1 1 1 4 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 5 6 27 26 25 0 0 0 5 5 6 – – – 10 11 11 2 3 3 3 3 3 8 8 9 – – – – – – 4 4 –

3 2 1 64 56 – – 35 39 – – – 2 1 1 31 33 35 0 0 0 9 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 30 6 36 39 45 0 0 0 16 17 19 – 2 – 5 2 1 5 2 0 5 1 0 18 14 10 – 8 – 10 8 – 0 0 0

4 3 2 0 0 – – 2 3 – – – 1 1 0 6 6 6 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 5 4 1 0 0 0 10 7 2 – 18 – 3 3 2 7 4 1 1 1 0 4 3 2 – – – 32 38 – 0 0 0

40 52 65 11 23 – – 18 15 – – – 83 87 92 8 10 11 98 98 98 68 77 87 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 55 73 11 19 31 100 100 100 39 33 22 – 84 – 61 67 74 49 67 86 57 79 93 31 42 53 – 87 – 0 2 4 94 94 94

4 5 6 1 2 – – 30 25 – – – 4 4 4 8 10 12 1 1 1 5 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 2 3 5 8 13 0 0 0 5 4 3 – – – 11 13 14 2 3 4 4 5 7 3 4 5 – – – – – – 6 6 6

13 12 11 88 74 – – 34 43 – – – 9 7 4 28 27 27 0 0 0 22 12 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 43 24 61 55 43 0 0 0 6 12 21 – 2 – 8 7 5 11 5 0 22 9 0 32 32 33 – 13 – 0 1 0 0 0 0

43 31 18 0 1 – – 18 17 – – – 4 2 0 56 53 50 1 1 1 5 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 23 18 13 0 0 0 50 51 54 – 14 – 20 13 7 38 25 10 17 7 0 34 22 9 – – – 100 97 96 0 0 0

67 73 78 18 28 – – 20 18 100 100 95 88 91 94 20 22 24 98 98 98 81 87 92 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 61 82 17 23 31 100 100 100 62 62 61 – 81 – 73 78 82 69 81 93 72 86 95 50 61 70 – 89 – 9 11 – 96 95 100

11 12 13 1 2 – – 37 34 – – – 4 4 4 15 16 18 1 1 1 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 3 5 11 13 17 0 0 0 5 5 5 – – – 11 11 12 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 7 8 – – – – – – 4 4 –

6 5 3 81 69 – – 34 40 0 0 4 6 4 2 29 30 31 1 1 1 12 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 36 13 54 50 43 0 0 0 14 16 20 – 2 – 6 4 3 8 3 0 14 6 0 26 22 18 – 11 – 2 2 – 0 1 0

16 10 6 0 1 – – 9 8 0 0 1 2 1 0 36 32 27 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 18 14 9 0 0 0 19 17 14 – 17 – 10 7 3 21 13 4 10 4 0 19 10 4 – – – 89 87 – 0 0 0

Unimproved

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Use of sanitation facilities (percentage of population)

24 – – 5 28 9 NA* 11 23 2 34 19 6 18 – 23 34 36 19 – – NA*

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia

Surface water

Djibouti

Unimproved

Denmark

Other improved

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Piped on premises

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Total improved

Czech Republic

Surface water

Cyprus

Unimproved

Cuba

Other improved

Croatia

Piped on premises

Côte d'Ivoire

Total improved

Costa Rica

Year Surface water

Cook Islands

Unimproved

Congo

Improved

Other improved

Comoros

National Unimproved

Piped on premises

Colombia

Improved

Total improved

Country, area or territory

Rural Unimproved

97 98 100 98 93 – 95 95 95 – – – 99 99 100 90 91 91 100 100 100 94 95 96 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 88 85 80 100 100 100 81 88 100 96 96 96 99 91 82 83 89 96 96 98 100 92 93 94 – 66 – 62 70 – 99 99 99

96 96 97 31 45 – – 46 35 – – – 93 97 100 50 57 64 96 96 96 77 80 83 100 100 100 97 97 97 – 81 94 49 38 22 100 100 100 67 73 79 – 78 – 95 85 75 69 81 95 90 95 100 69 77 85 – 10 – 40 42 – 92 95 97

1 2 3 67 48 – – 49 60 – – – 6 2 0 40 34 27 4 4 4 17 15 13 0 0 0 3 3 3 – 19 5 39 47 58 0 0 0 14 15 21 – 18 – 4 6 7 14 8 1 6 3 0 23 16 9 – 56 – 22 28 – 7 4 2

3 2 0 1 6 – 4 4 5 – – – 1 1 0 10 9 8 0 0 0 6 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 13 17 0 0 0 19 12 0 4 4 4 1 9 18 16 10 4 4 2 0 7 7 6 – 26 – 37 30 – 1 1 1

0 0 0 1 1 – 1 1 0 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 – 8 – 1 0 – 0 0 0

70 71 72 83 92 97 – 36 32 – – – 87 89 91 67 67 68 97 97 97 – 77 86 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 97 26 27 29 100 100 100 56 60 67 – 92 – 77 79 81 69 75 82 90 95 99 57 69 81 – 42 – 39 50 – 97 97 97

58 60 61 10 17 – 4 4 2 – – – 73 80 88 5 10 16 – 77 – – 45 57 100 100 100 – 91 – – 72 80 1 1 1 100 100 100 13 11 9 – 49 – 47 49 50 34 50 68 39 66 93 16 32 48 1 1 1 0 0 0 51 65 –

12 11 11 73 75 – – 32 30 – – – 14 9 3 62 57 52 – 20 – – 32 29 0 0 0 – 9 – – 27 17 25 26 28 0 0 0 43 49 58 – 43 – 30 30 31 35 25 14 51 29 6 41 37 33 – 41 – 39 50 – 46 32 –

13 10 6 7 5 3 – 52 37 – – – 5 4 4 17 23 28 2 2 2 – 21 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 41 43 47 0 0 0 38 34 32 – 8 – 11 14 16 13 9 4 7 4 1 35 26 18 – 5 – 34 37 – 3 3 3

17 19 22 10 3 0 – 12 31 – – – 8 7 5 16 10 4 1 1 1 – 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 33 30 24 0 0 0 6 6 1 – – – 12 7 3 18 16 14 3 1 0 8 5 1 – 53 – 27 13 – 0 0 0

88 91 93 87 92 – – 71 72 100 100 100 93 95 96 76 78 80 98 98 99 – 91 94 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 43 44 46 100 100 100 75 82 92 – 94 – 89 86 82 76 84 92 93 96 99 74 83 90 – 51 – 43 54 – 99 99 99

84 86 88 16 25 – – 28 23 – 72 72 83 90 96 23 31 40 – 87 – – 71 76 100 100 100 – 95 – – 77 89 14 12 8 100 100 100 54 58 63 – 68 – 74 71 67 53 69 86 61 78 96 42 59 72 – 4 – 6 7 – 80 86 –

4 5 5 71 67 – – 43 49 – 28 28 10 5 0 53 47 40 – 11 – – 20 18 0 0 0 – 5 – – 23 9 29 32 38 0 0 0 21 24 29 – 26 – 15 15 15 23 15 6 32 18 3 32 24 18 – 47 – 37 47 – 19 13 –

6 3 2 6 6 – – 23 17 0 0 0 3 2 2 14 16 18 2 2 1 – 8 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 35 37 0 0 0 23 16 8 – 6 – 5 11 17 15 9 3 5 3 1 22 15 9 – 13 – 34 35 – 1 1 1

6 6 5 7 2 – – 6 11 0 0 0 4 3 2 10 6 2 0 0 0 – 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 24 21 17 0 0 0 2 2 0 – – – 6 3 1 9 7 5 2 1 0 4 2 1 – 36 – 23 11 – 0 0 0

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Urban Improved

23 – – 10 27 24 NA* 7 23 2 9 18 6

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

Use of drinking–water sources (percentage of population)

40 – 13 30 28 17 – – NA*

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guinea Guinea–Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras

Open defecation

Greece

Unimproved

Ghana

Shared

Germany

Improved

Georgia

Open defecation

Gambia

Unimproved

Gabon

Shared

French Polynesia

Improved

French Guiana

Open defecation

France

48 333 65 578 84 734 728 812 868 4 986 5 173 5 385 56 708 59 048 63 126 117 165 237 195 238 274 929 1 235 1 534 966 1 297 1 776 5 460 4 746 4 329 79 098 82 349 82 163 14 793 19 165 24 966 10 161 10 987 11 390 56 56 57 96 102 105 386 427 463 134 155 182 8 923 11 237 14 757 5 759 8 344 10 222 1 017 1 241 1 547 725 733 756 7 125 8 645 10 124 4 889 6 218 7 755

Unimproved

Finland

National

Shared

Fiji

Population (x 1000)

Unimproved

Improved

Ethiopia

Year

Rural

Unimproved

Percentage urban population

Country, area or territory

Urban

13 15 17 42 48 52 79 82 84 74 77 86 75 75 76 56 52 51 69 80 86 38 49 57 55 53 53 73 73 74 36 44 52 59 60 61 80 82 85 33 36 39 99 98 98 91 93 93 41 45 50 28 31 35 28 36 44 30 29 28 29 36 53 40 45 52

19 22 27 85 89 92 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 87 95 – – – – 37 33 – 67 70 97 96 96 100 100 100 12 15 19 100 99 99 100 100 100 – – – – 94 97 – – – 81 85 88 19 26 32 – 27 33 – 86 88 37 36 34 71 78 86

28 34 42 4 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – – 40 36 – 24 25 3 3 3 0 0 0 45 59 72 0 – – 0 0 0 – – – – – – – – – 9 9 10 23 32 40 – 22 28 – 8 8 39 38 36 6 7 8

12 17 23 10 7 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 13 5 – – – – 21 30 – 8 5 0 1 1 0 0 0 32 17 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 – – – – 6 3 – – – 5 3 0 52 39 27 – 47 37 – 5 4 11 15 22 14 10 5

41 27 8 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – – 2 1 – 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 9 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – – – – 5 3 2 6 3 1 – 4 2 – 1 0 13 11 8 9 5 1

0 6 19 37 61 82 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 60 76 – – – – 30 30 – 60 65 96 94 91 100 100 100 3 6 8 93 96 97 100 100 100 – – – – – 90 – – – 49 60 72 6 9 11 – 4 8 – 76 82 14 16 17 34 53 74

0 2 6 2 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – – 24 25 – 14 15 1 1 1 0 0 0 19 32 44 – – – 0 0 0 – – – – – – – – – 4 5 6 4 5 6 – 2 4 – 8 9 9 10 12 1 2 2

0 7 22 52 32 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 40 24 – – – – 41 43 – 18 15 1 3 6 0 0 0 49 31 16 0 0 1 0 0 0 – – – – – 10 – – – 13 13 12 35 44 53 – 41 45 – 15 8 13 19 30 16 12 9

100 85 53 9 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – – 5 2 – 8 5 2 2 2 0 0 0 29 31 32 7 4 2 0 0 0 – – – – – – – – – 34 22 10 55 42 30 – 53 43 – 1 1 64 55 41 49 33 15

2 8 21 57 74 87 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 80 90 99 98 97 – 36 33 – 63 68 96 95 93 100 100 100 6 10 13 97 98 99 100 100 100 – 92 – – – 97 97 97 97 62 71 80 10 14 18 – 12 19 – 79 84 21 23 26 49 65 81

4 7 12 3 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – – 37 34 – 19 21 2 2 2 0 0 0 29 44 59 – – – 0 0 0 – 8 – – – – – – – 6 7 8 9 13 18 – 9 15 – 8 9 18 20 24 3 4 5

1 8 22 35 20 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 20 10 0 0 1 – 24 32 – 13 9 1 2 4 0 0 0 42 25 10 1 1 0 0 0 0 – 0 – – – 3 3 3 3 10 8 6 40 43 44 – 43 42 – 12 6 11 18 27 15 11 7

93 77 45 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 1 2 2 – 3 1 – 5 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 23 21 18 2 1 1 0 0 0 – – – – – – 0 0 0 22 14 6 41 30 20 – 36 25 – 1 1 50 39 23 33 20 7

Unimproved

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Use of sanitation facilities (percentage of population)

19 28 5 8 46 19 7 29 NA* 0 8 7 3 – – 20 35 10 11 9 9 40

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras

Surface water

Grenada

Unimproved

Greenland

Other improved

Greece

Piped on premises

Ghana

Total improved

Germany

Surface water

Georgia

Unimproved

Gambia

Other improved

Gabon

Piped on premises

French Polynesia

Total improved

French Guiana

Year Surface water

France

Unimproved

Finland

Improved

Other improved

Fiji

National Unimproved

Piped on premises

Ethiopia

Improved

Total improved

Country, area or territory

Rural Unimproved

80 87 97 94 97 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 89 95 – – – – 95 95 86 90 92 95 97 100 100 100 100 83 88 92 99 100 100 100 100 100 – – – 98 98 99 – – – 91 95 99 87 88 90 45 68 94 – 94 98 88 84 77 92 94 96

9 26 49 92 94 96 96 99 100 100 100 100 – – 89 – – – – 52 49 25 40 51 80 86 96 100 100 100 41 37 32 99 100 100 100 100 100 – – – 98 98 99 – – – 68 83 98 21 25 29 14 13 11 – 74 80 26 22 15 84 90 96

71 61 48 2 3 4 4 1 0 0 0 0 – – 6 – – – – 43 46 61 50 41 15 11 4 0 0 0 42 51 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 – – – 23 12 1 66 63 61 31 55 83 – 20 18 62 62 62 8 4 0

10 7 3 6 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 11 5 – – – – 3 1 14 10 8 5 3 0 0 0 0 8 8 8 1 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 2 2 1 – – – 7 4 1 5 9 10 55 32 5 – 5 2 7 12 22 7 5 4

10 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – – 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – – – – 2 1 0 8 3 0 0 0 1 – 1 0 5 4 1 1 1 0

4 19 39 79 86 92 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 72 75 – – – – 47 41 67 77 85 72 81 96 100 100 100 36 58 80 92 98 99 100 100 100 – – – 100 100 100 – – – 74 81 89 37 52 65 32 43 54 – 87 93 51 50 48 60 70 81

0 0 1 32 36 40 85 92 96 95 99 100 – – 49 – – – – 8 10 0 3 5 21 34 58 97 99 100 2 3 3 82 95 99 100 100 100 – – – 100 100 100 – – – 35 53 73 0 0 1 0 0 0 – 56 59 2 3 5 43 60 77

4 19 38 47 50 52 15 8 4 5 1 0 – – 26 – – – – 39 31 67 74 80 51 47 38 3 1 0 34 55 77 10 3 0 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 – – – 39 28 16 37 52 64 32 43 54 – 31 34 49 47 43 17 10 4

40 40 41 17 9 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 28 25 – – – – 18 13 33 23 15 28 19 4 0 0 0 11 10 9 8 2 1 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 – – – 8 7 5 9 15 21 63 53 43 – 7 2 26 33 42 4 8 12

56 41 20 4 5 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – – 35 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 32 11 – – – 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 – – – 18 12 6 54 33 14 5 4 3 – 6 5 23 17 10 36 22 7

14 29 49 85 91 96 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 85 90 100 100 100 – 85 88 74 83 89 85 89 98 100 100 100 53 71 86 96 99 100 100 100 100 – 94 – 98 98 99 100 99 99 81 87 94 51 63 74 36 52 72 – 89 95 61 62 64 73 81 89

1 4 9 57 64 69 94 98 99 99 100 100 – – 79 98 98 97 – 43 44 10 21 32 53 61 78 99 100 100 17 18 18 92 98 99 100 100 100 – 75 – 98 98 99 99 98 98 49 66 85 6 8 11 4 5 5 – 61 65 9 10 10 60 73 87

13 25 40 28 27 27 6 2 1 1 0 0 – – 11 2 2 3 – 42 44 64 62 57 32 28 20 1 0 0 36 53 68 4 1 1 0 0 0 – 19 – 0 0 0 1 1 1 32 21 9 45 55 63 32 47 67 – 28 30 52 52 54 13 8 2

36 35 34 13 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 15 10 0 0 0 – 6 3 26 17 11 15 11 2 0 0 0 10 9 9 4 1 0 0 0 0 – 6 – 2 2 1 0 1 1 7 6 3 8 13 17 60 45 26 – 7 1 21 26 31 5 7 8

50 36 17 2 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 – 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 20 5 – – 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – 0 0 0 12 7 3 41 24 9 4 3 2 – 4 4 18 12 5 22 12 3

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Urban Improved

36 17 5 8 41 21 29 39 NA* 0 44 8 3

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

Use of drinking–water sources (percentage of population)

– 14 20 36 31 40 10 16 34

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia

Open defecation

Jordan

Unimproved

Japan

Shared

Jamaica

Improved

Italy

Open defecation

Israel

Unimproved

Ireland

Shared

Iraq

Improved

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Open defecation

Indonesia

10 376 10 211 9 966 255 281 324 873 785 1 053 898 1 241 492 184 346 213 395 242 326 54 871 65 342 74 799 17 374 23 857 32 665 3 531 3 804 4 526 4 500 6 015 7 562 56 832 56 986 60 789 2 365 2 582 2 751 122 251 125 720 126 497 3 416 4 827 6 330 16 530 14 957 16 207 23 447 31 254 41 610 72 84 101 2 088 1 941 2 818 4 395 4 955 5 393 4 192 5 317 6 288 2 664 2 385 2 243 2 948 3 742 4 259 1 639 1 964 2 194 2 127 2 847 4 129

Unimproved

India

National

Shared

Iceland

Population (x 1000)

Unimproved

Improved

Hungary

Year

Rural

Unimproved

Percentage urban population

Country, area or territory

Urban

66 65 69 91 92 94 26 28 31 31 42 51 56 64 69 70 68 66 57 59 62 90 91 92 67 67 68 49 52 52 77 79 91 72 80 83 56 56 54 17 20 24 35 43 44 98 98 98 38 35 35 15 22 34 69 68 68 83 86 87 14 20 28 59 44 48

100 100 100 100 100 100 50 54 60 61 67 73 84 91 100 – 84 86 100 100 100 100 100 100 – – – 78 78 78 100 100 100 98 98 98 96 97 97 26 29 31 43 47 51 100 100 100 94 94 94 – 65 87 – 82 – 100 100 100 – 37 32 – 23 30

0 0 0 0 0 0 17 18 20 8 9 10 – – – – 11 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 20 20 20 0 0 0 2 2 2 3 3 3 40 44 47 9 10 11 – – – 5 5 5 – 4 5 – 13 – – – – – 34 29 – 23 30

0 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 7 12 8 3 16 9 0 – 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 31 24 19 4 10 17 0 0 0 1 1 1 – 8 2 – 5 – 0 0 0 – 18 34 – 29 15

0 0 0 0 0 0 28 22 13 19 16 14 0 0 0 – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 44 33 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 23 6 – 0 – 0 0 0 – 11 5 – 25 25

100 100 100 100 100 100 7 14 24 24 33 44 76 85 99 – 58 80 98 98 98 100 100 100 – – – 81 82 82 100 100 100 95 96 98 97 97 98 24 26 29 20 25 30 100 100 100 – 93 93 – 17 48 – 71 – – 87 – – 22 24 – 3 7

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 4 6 8 11 – – – – 6 8 – – – 0 0 0 – – – 14 14 14 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 16 17 19 2 3 3 – – – – 2 2 – 0 1 – 3 – – – – – 3 4 – 8 23

0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 6 22 17 10 23 14 0 – 20 10 2 2 2 0 0 0 – – – 4 3 3 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 38 38 35 14 15 18 0 0 0 – 5 5 – 10 6 – 26 – – 13 – – 22 23 – 9 8

0 0 0 0 0 0 90 79 66 48 42 35 1 1 1 – 16 2 – – – 0 0 0 – – – 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 2 0 2 1 0 22 19 17 64 57 49 0 0 0 – 0 0 – 73 45 – 0 – – – – – 53 49 – 80 62

100 100 100 100 100 100 18 25 35 35 47 59 81 89 100 – 75 84 99 99 99 100 100 100 – – – 79 80 80 100 100 100 97 98 98 96 97 97 25 27 29 28 34 39 100 100 100 – 93 93 – 28 62 – 79 – – 98 – – 25 26 – 12 18

0 0 0 0 0 0 5 7 9 7 8 10 – – – – 9 10 – – – 0 0 0 – – – 17 17 17 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 20 22 26 5 6 6 – – – – 3 3 – 1 2 – 10 – – – – – 9 11 – 15 26

0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 6 19 14 7 18 10 0 – 11 5 1 1 1 0 0 0 – – – 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 36 35 31 10 13 18 0 0 0 – 4 4 – 9 4 – 11 – – 2 – – 21 26 – 17 12

0 0 0 0 0 0 74 63 50 39 31 24 1 1 0 – 5 1 – – – 0 0 0 – – – 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 19 16 14 57 47 37 0 0 0 – 0 0 – 62 32 – 0 – – – – – 45 37 – 56 44

Unimproved

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Use of sanitation facilities (percentage of population)

NA* 18 19 25 33 39 20 29 – 9 2 31 2 12 16 42 14 46 – – 6 13

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia

Surface water

Kenya

Unimproved

Kazakhstan

Other improved

Jordan

Piped on premises

Japan

Total improved

Jamaica

Surface water

Italy

Unimproved

Israel

Other improved

Ireland

Piped on premises

Iraq

Total improved

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Year Surface water

Indonesia

Unimproved

India

Improved

Other improved

Iceland

National Unimproved

Piped on premises

Hungary

Improved

Total improved

Country, area or territory

Rural Unimproved

98 100 100 100 100 100 89 92 96 90 91 93 98 98 98 95 95 94 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 98 97 100 100 100 99 98 97 99 99 99 92 87 83 74 80 87 99 99 99 97 97 96 – 72 83 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 94 91 – 74 89

94 95 95 100 100 100 48 49 51 25 29 33 96 96 96 95 93 84 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 88 90 91 97 98 99 98 96 93 91 87 82 56 50 45 43 54 65 – – – 75 82 87 – 37 58 – 93 – 100 100 100 25 39 65 3 4 8

4 5 5 0 0 0 41 43 45 65 63 61 2 2 2 0 2 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 8 6 3 2 1 1 2 4 8 12 17 36 37 38 31 26 22 – – – 22 15 9 – 35 25 – 7 – 0 0 0 70 55 26 – 70 81

2 0 0 0 0 0 10 8 4 9 8 7 2 2 2 3 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 3 0 0 0 1 2 3 1 1 1 4 9 12 26 20 13 1 1 1 1 2 4 – 23 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 9 – 25 10

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 5 – – – – – – 2 1 0 – 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 1 1

91 98 100 100 100 100 64 76 89 61 68 76 81 84 90 39 49 67 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 89 89 89 100 100 100 91 91 90 92 91 90 33 43 54 36 43 50 99 99 99 – 73 85 – 38 63 96 96 96 100 100 100 78 76 73 – 50 60

72 86 – 100 100 100 7 10 14 2 5 8 67 74 86 29 37 54 99 99 99 98 99 100 96 100 100 35 41 47 86 91 95 86 83 79 28 26 24 10 11 12 16 13 10 – – – 25 31 36 3 4 5 – 59 – – 85 – 2 3 4 1 1 1

19 12 – 0 0 0 57 66 75 59 63 68 14 10 4 10 12 13 1 1 1 2 1 0 4 0 0 54 48 42 14 9 5 5 8 11 64 65 66 23 32 42 20 30 40 – – – – 42 49 – 34 58 – 37 – – 15 – 76 73 69 – 49 59

9 2 0 0 0 0 32 21 10 31 26 20 15 14 10 15 16 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 6 0 0 0 8 8 9 5 6 7 18 17 16 64 57 50 1 1 1 – 4 3 – 29 25 4 4 4 0 0 0 20 23 26 – 27 17

0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 1 8 6 4 4 2 0 46 35 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 6 5 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 3 49 40 30 – – – – – – – 23 12 – 33 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 – 23 23

96 99 100 100 100 100 70 81 92 70 78 84 91 93 95 78 80 85 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 93 93 93 100 100 100 97 97 96 96 96 95 43 52 61 50 59 66 99 99 99 – 81 89 – 45 70 98 98 98 100 100 100 80 79 78 – 61 74

87 92 – 100 100 100 17 21 25 9 15 21 83 88 93 75 75 74 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 61 66 70 94 97 98 95 93 91 64 60 55 18 19 20 26 31 34 – – – 44 49 54 – 11 24 – 82 – – 98 – 6 10 21 2 2 5

9 7 – 0 0 0 53 60 67 61 63 64 8 5 2 3 5 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 32 27 23 6 3 2 2 4 5 32 36 40 25 33 41 24 28 32 – – – – 32 35 – 34 46 – 16 – – 2 – 74 69 57 – 59 69

4 1 0 0 0 0 27 17 7 24 18 14 7 6 5 7 8 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 5 0 0 0 3 3 4 3 3 3 16 15 15 50 41 34 1 1 1 – 3 3 – 28 22 2 2 2 0 0 0 19 20 21 – 25 13

0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 6 4 2 2 1 0 15 12 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 41 33 24 – – – – – – – 16 8 – 27 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 – 14 13

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Urban Improved

NA* 18 33 24 22 36 20 29 6 10 2 29 0

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

Use of drinking–water sources (percentage of population)

30 25 42 23 39 NA* 19 12 45

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar

Open defecation

Mauritania

Unimproved

Martinique

Shared

Marshall Islands

Improved

Malta

Open defecation

Mali

Unimproved

Maldives

Shared

Malaysia

Improved

Malawi

Open defecation

Madagascar

4 334 5 231 6 423 3 696 3 500 3 307 381 435 516 11 281 15 364 21 315 9 381 11 229 15 381 18 209 23 415 28 859 219 273 320 8 673 11 295 15 840 368 397 418 47 52 55 359 385 407 1 996 2 643 3 542 1 060 1 196 1 307 84 307 99 960 114 793 96 107 112 31 35 35 2 193 2 411 2 800 609 633 632 11 5 6 24 781 28 793 32 273 13 547 18 201 23 930 39 268 44 958 48 337

Unimproved

Luxembourg

National

Shared

Lithuania

Population (x 1000)

Unimproved

Improved

Libya

Year

Rural

Unimproved

Percentage urban population

Country, area or territory

Urban

76 76 78 68 67 67 81 84 85 24 27 33 12 15 16 50 62 73 26 28 41 23 28 35 90 92 95 65 68 72 86 90 89 40 40 41 44 43 42 71 75 78 26 22 23 100 100 100 57 57 69 48 59 63 13 11 14 48 53 57 21 29 31 25 27 33

97 97 97 95 95 95 100 100 100 14 17 19 48 49 50 88 94 96 98 98 97 33 34 35 100 100 100 77 80 84 – 94 94 29 38 51 91 91 92 78 82 87 49 64 83 100 100 100 66 65 64 – 92 92 – – – 81 82 83 35 37 41 – 79 84

– – – – – – 0 0 0 22 26 30 43 44 45 4 4 4 2 2 2 36 37 38 0 0 0 11 12 12 – – – 10 14 18 8 8 8 10 10 11 – – – 0 0 0 32 32 31 – 3 3 – – – 14 14 14 7 7 8 – 12 12

3 3 3 5 5 5 0 0 0 41 36 32 5 4 3 7 1 0 0 0 1 26 25 23 0 0 0 10 6 2 – 6 6 38 28 16 1 1 0 2 3 2 46 31 12 0 0 0 2 3 2 – 5 5 – – – 0 2 3 27 31 38 – 7 3

– – – – – – 0 0 0 23 21 19 4 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 5 4 4 0 0 0 2 2 2 – – – 23 20 15 0 0 0 10 5 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 3 – 0 0 – – – 5 2 0 31 25 13 – 2 1

96 96 96 – 69 – 100 100 100 6 8 11 37 45 53 81 90 95 58 72 98 10 12 14 100 100 100 41 48 55 – – 73 8 9 9 87 88 90 35 55 77 9 25 47 NA NA NA – 28 29 – 87 87 – – – 27 43 52 2 5 9 – 56 74

– – – – – – 0 0 0 8 12 16 22 26 31 3 4 4 1 1 2 6 7 9 0 0 0 9 11 12 – – – 3 4 4 9 9 9 5 7 10 – – – NA NA NA – 21 22 – 3 3 – – – 3 5 6 0 1 2 – 10 14

4 4 4 – 31 – 0 0 0 23 24 24 7 8 9 7 2 0 10 8 0 47 53 58 0 0 0 29 20 12 – – 27 20 15 11 4 3 1 9 9 8 80 64 42 NA NA NA – 15 23 – 10 10 – – – 2 2 4 23 26 34 – 18 4

– – – – – – 0 0 0 63 56 49 34 21 7 9 4 1 31 19 0 37 28 19 0 0 0 21 21 21 – – – 69 72 76 0 0 0 51 29 5 11 11 11 NA NA NA – 36 26 – 0 0 – – – 68 50 38 75 68 55 – 16 8

97 97 97 – 87 – 100 100 100 8 11 14 39 46 53 84 92 96 68 79 98 15 18 22 100 100 100 65 70 76 – – 92 16 21 27 89 89 91 66 75 85 19 34 55 100 100 100 – 49 53 – 90 90 70 80 – 53 64 70 9 14 19 – 62 77

– – – – – – 0 0 0 12 16 20 24 29 33 4 4 4 1 2 2 13 16 19 0 0 0 10 11 12 – – – 6 8 10 8 8 9 8 10 11 – – – 0 0 0 – 27 28 – 3 3 8 9 – 8 10 11 2 3 4 – 11 13

3 3 3 – 13 – 0 0 0 26 26 27 6 6 8 7 2 0 8 5 0 43 45 45 0 0 0 17 11 5 – – 8 27 20 12 3 3 0 4 4 3 72 56 35 0 0 0 – 8 9 – 7 7 10 7 – 1 2 2 23 28 35 – 15 4

– – – – – – 0 0 0 54 47 39 31 19 6 5 2 0 23 14 0 29 21 14 0 0 0 8 8 7 – – – 51 51 51 0 0 0 22 11 1 9 10 10 0 0 0 – 16 10 – 0 0 12 4 – 38 24 17 66 55 42 – 12 6

Unimproved

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Use of sanitation facilities (percentage of population)

25 – 21 8 26 32 44 11 7 13 – 15 13 28 31 7 12 – – 21 12 30

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar

Surface water

Mexico

Unimproved

Mauritius

Other improved

Mauritania

Piped on premises

Martinique

Total improved

Marshall Islands

Surface water

Malta

Unimproved

Mali

Other improved

Maldives

Piped on premises

Malaysia

Total improved

Malawi

Year Surface water

Madagascar

Unimproved

Luxembourg

Improved

Other improved

Lithuania

National Unimproved

Piped on premises

Libya

Improved

Total improved

Country, area or territory

Rural Unimproved

54 54 – 98 98 98 100 100 100 73 75 78 91 93 95 94 99 100 100 100 100 53 70 89 100 100 100 91 92 93 – 86 100 36 45 52 100 100 100 92 94 96 94 94 95 100 100 100 74 86 100 100 100 100 – – – 93 96 98 73 75 78 80 85 94

– – – 89 93 98 100 100 100 23 19 15 40 35 30 86 95 99 50 67 99 17 26 35 100 100 100 4 4 4 – 86 100 15 26 35 99 100 100 86 90 94 – – 42 100 100 100 53 42 26 98 98 98 – – – 74 82 89 22 21 19 17 18 18

– – – 9 5 0 0 0 0 50 56 63 51 58 65 8 4 1 50 33 1 36 44 54 0 0 0 87 88 89 – 0 0 21 19 17 1 0 0 6 4 2 – – 53 0 0 0 21 44 74 2 2 2 – – – 19 14 9 51 54 59 63 67 76

46 46 – 2 2 2 0 0 0 15 13 11 5 5 5 6 1 0 0 0 0 45 29 11 0 0 0 9 8 7 – 14 0 63 54 48 0 0 0 4 4 4 3 3 2 0 0 0 20 11 0 0 0 0 – – – 7 4 2 24 21 18 8 6 5

– – – – – – 0 0 0 12 12 11 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 – – – – 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 3 3 3 0 0 0 6 3 0 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 3 4 4 12 9 1

55 55 – – 81 – 100 100 100 15 24 34 35 57 82 82 93 99 91 93 98 20 36 53 98 100 100 94 96 97 100 100 100 26 37 48 99 99 100 59 73 89 90 89 88 NA NA NA 27 37 53 95 95 95 – – – 54 58 61 24 27 33 48 60 79

– – – 46 60 73 98 98 98 1 2 2 2 2 2 59 80 – 0 0 1 0 1 1 98 100 100 0 0 0 – – – 0 8 14 98 98 100 49 62 75 – – 36 NA NA NA 0 1 2 – 77 77 – – – 4 12 19 1 1 1 1 2 3

– – – – 21 – 2 2 2 14 22 32 33 55 80 23 13 – 91 93 97 20 35 52 0 0 0 94 96 97 – – – 26 29 34 1 1 0 10 11 14 – – 52 NA NA NA 27 36 51 – 18 18 – – – 50 46 42 23 26 32 47 58 76

45 45 – – 19 – 0 0 0 35 31 27 46 31 14 16 5 0 9 7 2 70 57 44 2 0 0 6 4 3 0 0 0 65 56 46 1 1 0 6 9 11 2 3 4 NA NA NA 18 20 23 5 5 5 – – – 41 27 16 43 47 53 20 16 14

– – – – – – 0 0 0 50 45 39 19 12 4 2 2 1 – – – 10 7 3 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 9 7 6 0 0 0 35 18 0 8 8 8 NA NA NA 55 43 24 0 0 0 – – – 5 15 23 33 26 14 32 24 7

54 54 – – 92 – 100 100 100 29 38 48 42 63 84 88 96 100 93 95 99 28 45 65 100 100 100 92 93 94 – 88 100 30 40 50 99 99 100 82 89 94 91 90 89 100 100 100 54 65 85 97 98 98 97 99 99 73 78 82 34 41 47 56 67 84

– – – 75 82 90 100 100 100 7 7 7 6 7 7 73 89 – 13 19 41 4 8 13 100 100 100 3 3 3 – – – 6 15 23 99 99 100 75 83 90 – – 37 100 100 100 30 25 19 – 90 91 91 95 96 38 49 59 5 7 6 5 6 8

– – – – 10 – 0 0 0 22 31 41 36 56 77 15 7 – 80 76 58 24 37 52 0 0 0 89 90 91 – – – 24 25 27 0 0 0 7 6 4 – – 52 0 0 0 24 40 66 – 8 7 6 4 3 35 29 23 29 34 41 51 61 76

46 46 – – 8 – 0 0 0 30 26 22 41 27 13 11 3 0 7 5 1 63 50 33 0 0 0 8 7 6 – 12 0 64 55 47 1 1 0 5 5 6 2 3 4 0 0 0 19 15 8 3 2 2 3 1 1 24 15 8 39 39 42 17 13 11

– – – – – – 0 0 0 41 36 30 17 10 3 1 1 0 – – – 9 5 2 0 0 0 – – – – 0 0 6 5 3 0 0 0 13 6 0 7 7 7 0 0 0 27 20 7 0 0 0 – – – 3 7 10 27 20 11 27 20 5

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Urban Improved

– – 21 27 50 33 26 43 8 8 26 27 13

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

Use of drinking–water sources (percentage of population)

26 2 7 39 NA* NA* 19 22 33

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal

Open defecation

Norway

Unimproved

Northern Mariana Islands

Shared

Niue

Improved

Nigeria

Open defecation

Niger

Unimproved

Nicaragua

Shared

New Zealand

Improved

New Caledonia

Open defecation

Netherlands

1 415 1 896 2 324 9 10 10 19 081 24 401 30 486 14 892 15 863 16 665 170 212 255 3 398 3 858 4 415 4 121 5 074 5 870 7 788 10 922 16 069 97 552 123 689 162 471 2 2 1 44 68 61 4 241 4 491 4 925 1 868 2 264 2 846 111 845 144 522 176 745 15 19 21 2 416 2 956 3 571 4 158 5 379 7 014 4 244 5 344 6 568 21 686 25 862 29 400 61 629 77 310 94 852 38 056 38 302 38 299 9 925 10 336 10 690

Unimproved

Nepal

National

Shared

Nauru

Population (x 1000)

Unimproved

Improved

Namibia

Year

Rural

Unimproved

Percentage urban population

Country, area or territory

Urban

28 32 38 100 100 100 9 13 17 69 77 83 60 62 62 85 86 86 52 55 58 15 16 18 35 42 50 31 33 38 90 90 91 72 76 79 66 72 73 31 33 36 70 70 84 54 66 75 15 13 12 49 55 62 69 73 77 49 48 49 61 62 61 48 54 61

62 60 57 66 66 66 36 43 50 100 100 100 – – – – – – 59 61 63 19 27 34 40 37 33 – – – – – – 100 100 100 95 96 97 72 72 72 63 89 100 73 75 77 62 60 57 61 79 – 71 76 81 69 74 79 96 96 96 98 99 100

22 21 20 31 31 31 27 31 37 0 0 0 – – – – – – 8 8 9 14 20 25 44 40 36 – – – – – – 0 0 0 – – – 6 6 6 – – – 11 11 12 10 9 9 3 4 – 8 8 9 15 16 17 – – – – – 0

5 4 4 2 2 1 6 5 2 0 0 0 – – – – – – 29 27 24 41 31 21 10 13 16 – – – – – – 0 0 0 1 1 0 14 16 18 37 11 0 15 12 9 25 27 30 35 16 – 5 8 10 8 4 1 4 4 4 2 1 0

11 15 19 1 1 2 31 21 11 0 0 0 – – – – – – 4 4 4 26 22 20 6 10 15 – – – – – – 0 0 0 4 3 3 8 6 4 0 0 0 1 2 2 3 4 4 1 1 – 16 8 0 8 6 3 – – – 0 0 0

9 13 17 NA NA NA 4 17 32 100 100 100 – – – 88 – – 26 32 37 2 3 4 37 33 28 – – – – – – 100 100 100 55 71 95 7 20 34 8 63 100 40 47 54 13 13 13 15 31 – 17 27 38 45 57 69 – 80 – 90 96 100

2 3 4 NA NA NA 1 7 12 0 0 0 – – – – – – 4 5 6 1 1 2 17 15 13 – – – – – – 0 0 0 – – – 1 4 6 – – – 4 4 5 3 3 3 0 0 – 2 2 4 10 13 16 – – – – – 0

6 7 7 NA NA NA 6 6 6 0 0 0 – – – 12 – – 25 32 37 2 3 3 12 19 28 – – – – – – 0 0 0 8 4 0 20 23 26 92 37 0 32 32 31 66 68 71 81 67 – 7 20 32 22 12 3 – 20 – 10 4 0

83 77 72 NA NA NA 89 70 50 0 0 0 – – – – – – 45 31 20 95 93 91 34 33 31 – – – – – – 0 0 0 37 25 5 72 53 34 0 0 0 24 17 10 18 16 13 4 2 – 74 51 26 23 18 12 – – – 0 0 0

24 28 32 66 66 66 7 21 35 100 100 100 100 100 100 – – – 43 48 52 4 7 10 38 34 31 – 79 100 84 92 98 100 100 100 82 89 97 27 37 47 46 81 100 58 65 71 20 19 19 38 58 – 54 63 72 57 65 74 – 89 – 94 98 100

7 9 10 31 31 31 4 10 16 0 0 0 – – – – – – 6 7 7 3 4 6 26 25 24 – – – – – – 0 0 0 – – – 3 4 6 – – – 8 9 10 4 3 3 2 2 – 6 7 8 12 14 16 – – – – – 0

6 6 6 2 2 1 5 5 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 27 29 31 9 8 6 12 18 22 – 21 0 16 8 2 0 0 0 3 2 0 18 22 24 54 19 0 22 19 15 60 64 66 58 39 – 6 10 14 15 9 2 – 11 – 6 2 0

63 57 52 1 1 2 84 64 43 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 24 16 10 84 81 78 24 23 23 – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 9 3 52 37 23 0 0 0 12 7 4 16 14 12 2 1 – 34 20 6 16 12 8 – – – 0 0 0

Unimproved

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Use of sanitation facilities (percentage of population)

14 2 26 7 25 – 16 6 6 NA* 15 11 30 24 46 25 5 – 24 30 – 9

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal

Surface water

Pakistan

Unimproved

Oman

Other improved

Norway

Piped on premises

Northern Mariana Islands

Total improved

Niue

Surface water

Nigeria

Unimproved

Niger

Other improved

Nicaragua

Piped on premises

New Zealand

Total improved

New Caledonia

Year Surface water

Netherlands

Unimproved

Nepal

Improved

Other improved

Nauru

National Unimproved

Piped on premises

Namibia

Improved

Total improved

Country, area or territory

Rural Unimproved

99 99 99 – 93 96 96 94 91 100 100 100 – – – 100 100 100 92 95 98 57 78 100 81 78 75 – – – – – – 100 100 100 83 87 95 95 96 96 98 97 97 98 98 97 87 88 89 81 92 99 88 90 91 93 93 93 100 100 100 98 99 100

82 77 72 – – 68 44 46 49 100 100 100 – – – 100 100 100 82 86 89 21 30 39 33 20 7 – – – – – – 100 100 100 30 48 81 56 57 58 98 97 97 96 96 95 61 59 55 59 75 – 74 78 84 40 50 61 97 99 99 96 98 100

17 22 27 – – 28 52 48 42 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 10 9 9 36 48 61 48 58 68 – – – – – – 0 0 0 53 39 14 39 39 38 0 0 0 2 2 2 26 29 34 22 17 – 14 12 7 53 43 32 3 1 1 2 1 0

1 1 1 – 7 4 3 4 6 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 7 4 2 42 22 0 16 18 19 – – – – – – 0 0 0 13 9 1 4 4 4 2 3 3 2 2 3 7 7 8 18 8 1 11 9 8 6 7 7 0 0 0 2 1 0

0 0 0 – – – 1 2 3 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 3 4 6 – – – – – – 0 0 0 4 4 4 1 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 6 5 3 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

51 72 90 NA NA NA 64 75 87 100 100 100 – – – 100 100 100 54 62 68 31 35 39 29 38 47 – – – – – – 100 100 100 70 75 85 81 85 89 72 80 86 67 76 86 24 27 33 25 51 – 45 55 66 77 85 92 – – – 95 97 100

14 21 28 NA NA NA 2 8 14 100 100 100 – – – 100 100 100 17 24 29 0 1 2 4 2 1 – – – – – – 100 100 100 3 15 37 8 15 23 72 80 86 60 72 83 4 3 3 0 21 – 13 29 47 9 17 25 73 89 96 83 92 100

37 51 62 NA NA NA 62 67 73 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 37 38 39 31 34 37 25 36 46 – – – – – – 0 0 0 67 60 48 73 70 66 0 0 0 7 4 3 20 24 30 25 30 – 32 26 19 68 68 67 – – – 12 5 0

35 15 0 NA NA NA 29 19 9 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 30 27 25 66 62 58 31 31 31 – – – – – – 0 0 0 20 15 15 8 7 7 28 20 14 21 13 4 27 24 19 63 42 – 28 23 18 21 14 7 – – – 5 3 0

14 13 10 NA NA NA 7 6 4 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 16 11 7 3 3 3 40 31 22 – – – – – – 0 0 0 10 10 – 11 8 4 – – – 12 11 10 49 49 48 12 7 – 27 22 16 2 1 1 – – – 0 0 0

64 80 93 – 93 96 67 77 88 100 100 100 – 94 98 100 100 100 74 80 85 35 42 50 47 55 61 99 99 99 94 95 97 100 100 100 79 84 92 85 88 91 90 92 95 84 90 94 33 35 40 52 74 – 75 80 85 85 89 92 – – – 96 98 100

33 39 45 – – 68 6 13 19 100 100 100 – 85 94 100 100 100 51 58 63 3 6 8 14 10 4 98 98 98 70 78 87 100 100 100 21 39 70 23 29 36 90 92 95 80 88 92 12 11 9 29 51 – 55 65 75 24 33 43 88 95 98 89 95 100

31 41 48 – – 28 61 64 69 0 0 0 – 9 4 0 0 0 23 22 22 32 36 42 33 45 57 1 1 1 24 17 10 0 0 0 58 45 22 62 59 55 0 0 0 4 2 2 21 24 31 23 23 – 20 15 10 61 56 49 – – – 7 3 0

26 11 1 – 7 4 26 18 8 0 0 0 – 6 2 0 0 0 18 15 12 62 55 48 26 25 25 1 1 1 6 5 3 0 0 0 15 10 8 7 7 6 10 8 5 11 6 4 24 22 17 41 23 – 16 14 11 14 10 7 – – – 4 2 0

10 9 6 – – – 7 5 4 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 8 5 3 3 3 2 27 20 14 – – – – – – 0 0 0 6 6 – 8 5 3 – – – 5 4 2 43 43 43 7 3 – 9 6 4 1 1 1 – – – 0 0 0

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Urban Improved

42 – 36 7 – 17 24 28 26 NA* 7 11 29

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

Use of drinking–water sources (percentage of population)

29 19 29 18 – 22 29 – 8

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia

Open defecation

Samoa

Unimproved

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Shared

Saint Lucia

Improved

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Open defecation

Rwanda

Unimproved

Russian Federation

Shared

Romania

Improved

Réunion

Open defecation

Republic of Moldova

3 529 3 814 3 746 474 591 1 870 42 980 45 988 48 391 4 364 4 107 3 545 612 739 856 23 207 22 192 21 436 148 244 146 758 142 836 7 110 8 098 10 943 41 46 53 138 157 176 107 108 109 161 177 184 24 27 32 116 141 169 16 139 20 045 28 083 7 242 9 506 12 768 9 569 10 134 9 854 71 79 87 3 982 4 143 5 997 3 017 3 919 5 188 5 270 5 405 5 472 1 927 1 985 2 035

Unimproved

Republic of Korea

National

Shared

Qatar

Population (x 1000)

Unimproved

Improved

Puerto Rico

Year

Rural

Unimproved

Percentage urban population

Country, area or territory

Urban

72 95 99 93 96 99 74 80 83 47 45 48 81 90 94 53 53 53 73 73 74 5 14 19 35 33 32 29 28 18 41 45 49 21 22 20 90 93 94 44 53 63 77 80 82 39 40 43 50 53 56 49 50 54 33 36 39 100 100 100 56 56 55 50 51 50

– – – 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 87 89 98 98 98 88 88 – 80 77 74 64 63 61 – – – 67 69 70 – – – 94 94 93 – – – – 27 41 – – – 59 63 68 97 97 98 – – – 23 23 22 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

– – – – – – – – – – 7 7 – – – 3 3 – 16 15 15 23 22 22 – – – 3 3 3 – – – 5 5 5 – – – – 4 6 – – – 20 21 22 2 2 2 – – – 43 42 42 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0

– – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 6 4 2 2 2 9 9 – 3 7 10 10 13 16 – – – 24 20 18 – – – 1 1 2 – – – – 4 5 – – – 12 11 9 1 1 0 – – – 34 31 27 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

– – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 0 0 – – – – – – 1 1 1 3 2 1 – – – 6 8 9 – – – 0 0 0 – – – – 65 48 – – – 9 5 1 0 0 0 – – – 0 4 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

– – – 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 72 83 95 95 95 52 54 – 58 59 59 30 45 61 – – – 54 60 64 – – – 92 92 91 – – – – 14 23 – – – 21 29 39 95 95 96 – – – 5 6 7 NA NA NA 100 100 100 100 100 100

– – – – – – – – – – 4 5 – – – 1 1 – 11 11 11 3 5 7 – – – 4 4 4 – – – 6 6 6 – – – – 4 7 – – – 6 8 11 2 2 2 – – – 14 16 18 NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 0

– – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 24 12 5 5 5 47 45 – 30 29 29 59 45 30 – – – 31 26 24 – – – 2 2 3 – – – – 4 4 – – – 17 20 22 3 3 2 – – – 55 46 36 NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 0

– – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 0 0 – – – – – – 1 1 1 8 5 2 – – – 11 10 8 – – – 0 0 0 – – – – 78 66 – – – 56 43 28 0 0 0 – – – 26 32 39 NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 0

99 99 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 79 86 98 98 98 71 72 – 74 72 70 32 47 61 – 87 – 58 62 65 63 73 – 93 92 92 – – – – 21 34 92 97 100 36 43 51 96 96 97 97 97 97 11 12 13 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

– – – – – – – – – – 6 6 – – – 2 2 – 15 14 14 4 7 10 – – – 3 4 4 – – – 6 6 6 – – – – 4 6 – – – 11 13 16 2 2 2 – – – 24 26 28 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 15 8 2 2 2 27 26 – 10 13 15 56 41 27 – 10 – 29 25 23 33 23 – 1 2 2 – – – – 4 5 3 0 0 15 16 16 2 2 1 2 2 2 47 40 32 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 1 – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 0 0 – – – – – – 1 1 1 8 5 2 – 3 – 10 9 8 4 4 – 0 0 0 – – – – 71 55 5 3 0 38 28 17 0 0 0 1 1 1 18 22 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Unimproved

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Use of sanitation facilities (percentage of population)

1 73 8 NA* 21 – NA* 41 – 15 – 7 – 20 38 25 NA* 14 5 33 2 3

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia

Surface water

Sao Tome and Principe

Unimproved

San Marino

Other improved

Samoa

Piped on premises

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Total improved

Saint Lucia

Surface water

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Unimproved

Rwanda

Other improved

Russian Federation

Piped on premises

Romania

Total improved

Réunion

Year Surface water

Republic of Moldova

Unimproved

Republic of Korea

Improved

Other improved

Qatar

National Unimproved

Piped on premises

Puerto Rico

Improved

Total improved

Country, area or territory

Rural Unimproved

– – – 100 100 100 97 98 100 98 99 99 99 99 99 93 97 99 98 98 99 91 86 80 – – – 96 97 98 – – – 97 97 97 – – – – 86 99 – – – 88 90 93 100 100 99 – – – 66 75 84 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

– – – – – – 96 97 99 – 77 86 99 99 99 88 90 92 88 90 91 30 23 15 – – – 81 85 89 – – – 82 87 91 – – – – 30 39 – – – 46 60 77 97 97 97 – – – 17 14 11 100 100 100 100 96 – 100 100 100

– – – – – – 1 1 1 – 22 13 0 0 0 5 7 7 10 8 8 61 63 65 – – – 15 12 9 – – – 15 10 6 – – – – 56 60 – – – 42 30 16 3 3 2 – – – 49 61 73 0 0 0 0 4 – 0 0 0

– – – 0 0 0 3 2 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 7 3 1 2 2 1 3 7 13 – – – 4 3 2 – – – 3 3 2 – – – – 4 1 – – – 12 10 6 0 0 1 – – – 29 18 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

– – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – 0 0 0 6 7 7 – – – – – – – – – 0 0 1 – – – – 10 0 – – – 0 0 1 0 0 0 – – – 5 7 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

– – – 100 100 100 – 75 88 – 89 93 98 98 98 55 70 – 80 86 92 60 63 66 – – – 92 93 93 – – – 87 92 98 – – – – 70 94 – – – 42 50 59 99 99 99 – – – 23 31 40 NA NA NA 100 100 100 99 99 99

– – – – – – – 46 64 0 1 23 98 98 98 13 21 28 37 46 55 0 0 1 – – – 65 72 80 – – – 72 78 84 – – – – 14 22 – – – 1 9 18 – 72 72 – – – 2 1 1 NA NA NA 89 92 – 99 99 99

– – – – – – – 29 24 – 88 70 0 0 0 42 49 – 43 40 37 60 63 65 – – – 27 21 13 – – – 15 14 14 – – – – 56 72 – – – 41 41 41 – 27 27 – – – 21 30 39 NA NA NA 11 8 – 0 0 0

– – – 0 0 0 – 25 12 – 11 7 2 2 2 45 30 – 19 12 5 14 17 20 – – – 8 7 7 – – – 13 8 1 – – – – 7 2 – – – 56 48 39 1 1 1 – – – 28 23 16 NA NA NA 0 0 0 1 1 1

– – – 0 0 0 – – – – 0 0 – – – – – – 1 2 3 26 20 14 – – – – – – – – – 0 0 1 – – – – 23 4 – – – 2 2 2 0 0 0 – – – 49 46 44 NA NA NA 0 0 0 – – –

94 94 – 100 100 100 – 93 98 – 93 96 99 99 99 75 84 – 93 95 97 62 66 69 – 98 98 93 94 94 88 93 95 89 93 98 – – – – 78 97 92 95 97 60 66 73 99 100 99 96 96 96 37 47 57 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

87 87 – – – – – 87 93 – 35 53 99 99 99 53 57 62 74 78 82 2 3 4 – 92 – 70 76 82 52 74 – 74 80 85 – – – – 23 33 58 63 67 18 30 43 – 85 86 – – 92 7 6 5 100 100 100 95 94 – 100 100 100

7 7 – – – – – 6 5 – 58 43 0 0 0 22 27 – 19 17 15 60 63 65 – 6 – 23 18 12 36 19 – 15 13 13 – – – – 55 64 34 32 30 42 36 30 – 15 13 – – 4 30 41 52 0 0 0 5 6 – 0 0 0

6 6 – 0 0 0 – 7 2 – 7 4 1 1 1 25 16 – 7 5 3 13 16 19 – 2 2 7 6 6 12 7 5 11 7 1 – – – – 6 1 8 5 3 39 33 26 1 0 1 0 0 0 29 21 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

– – – 0 0 0 – – – – 0 0 – – – – – – 0 0 0 25 18 12 – – – – – – – – – 0 0 1 – – – – 16 2 – – – 1 1 1 0 0 0 4 4 4 34 32 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Urban Improved

– 73 14 NA* 21 – NA* 37 18 16 5 15 –

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

Use of drinking–water sources (percentage of population)

41 36 32 NA* 13 30 33 2 3

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor–Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey

Open defecation

Syrian Arab Republic

Unimproved

Switzerland

Shared

Sweden

Improved

Swaziland

Open defecation

Suriname

Unimproved

Sudan

Shared

Sri Lanka

Improved

Spain

Open defecation

South Sudan

310 409 552 6 599 7 399 9 557 36 794 44 760 50 460 – – 10 314 38 889 40 288 46 455 17 337 18 745 21 045 26 494 34 188 34 318 407 467 529 863 1 064 1 203 8 559 8 860 9 441 6 674 7 168 7 702 12 324 15 989 20 766 5 303 6 173 6 977 57 072 63 155 69 519 1 909 2 009 2 064 743 830 1 154 3 666 4 794 6 155 2 2 1 95 98 105 1 215 1 292 1 346 8 215 9 456 10 594 54 130 63 628 73 640

Unimproved

South Africa

National

Shared

Somalia

Population (x 1000)

Unimproved

Improved

Solomon Islands

Year

Rural

Unimproved

Percentage urban population

Country, area or territory

Urban

14 16 20 30 33 38 52 57 62 – – 18 75 76 77 17 16 15 25 29 33 60 65 70 23 23 21 83 84 85 73 73 74 49 52 56 32 26 27 29 31 34 58 59 59 21 24 28 29 33 38 0 0 0 23 23 23 9 11 14 58 63 66 59 65 72

– 81 81 – 45 52 80 82 84 – – 16 100 100 100 78 80 83 52 48 44 90 90 90 63 63 63 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 95 96 93 93 95 87 88 89 96 93 97 – 53 68 26 26 26 NA NA NA 98 99 99 93 92 92 94 96 97 96 96 97

– – – – 26 30 8 8 9 – – 6 0 0 0 13 14 14 12 11 10 9 9 9 29 29 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 11 11 11 – 3 3 – 13 16 44 44 43 NA NA NA – – – 7 7 7 2 2 2 1 2 2

– 15 15 – 16 15 10 8 5 – – 20 0 0 0 5 3 2 28 27 26 1 1 1 6 6 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 2 1 1 1 0 4 4 0 – 10 8 5 8 11 NA NA NA 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1

– 4 4 – 13 3 2 2 2 – – 58 0 0 0 4 3 1 8 14 20 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 – 24 8 25 22 20 NA NA NA – – – 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0

– 15 15 – 10 6 46 51 57 – – 7 100 100 100 65 78 93 18 16 13 – 65 66 44 49 55 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 81 94 – 89 94 79 93 96 – 85 83 – 32 27 8 5 3 41 63 93 95 92 89 93 92 92 43 58 75 66 71 75

– – – – 9 6 5 6 6 – – 2 0 0 0 4 5 6 5 5 4 – 11 11 15 16 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 5 – 3 3 3 4 4 – 5 4 – 7 6 15 11 5 – – – – – – 7 7 7 5 7 9 2 3 3

– 63 63 – 9 5 23 22 22 – – 10 0 0 0 16 9 0 29 26 24 – 2 3 10 6 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 1 – 6 3 1 0 0 – 10 12 – 6 30 3 10 18 59 37 7 5 8 11 0 1 1 3 6 0 27 23 21

– 22 22 – 72 83 26 21 15 – – 81 0 0 0 15 8 1 48 53 59 – 22 20 31 29 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 10 0 – 2 0 17 3 0 – 0 1 – 55 37 74 74 74 – – – – – – 0 0 0 49 29 16 5 3 1

– 25 29 – 22 24 64 69 74 – – 9 100 100 100 68 79 91 27 25 24 – 81 83 49 52 57 100 100 100 100 100 100 85 89 95 – 90 95 82 91 93 – 90 91 – 37 39 13 12 11 41 63 93 95 94 92 93 92 92 73 82 90 84 87 91

– – – – 15 15 7 7 8 – – 3 0 0 0 6 6 7 7 7 6 – 10 10 18 19 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 4 – 3 3 6 6 7 – 3 4 – 8 9 24 22 20 – – – – – – 7 7 7 3 4 4 2 2 2

– 56 53 – 10 9 16 14 11 – – 11 0 0 0 12 8 1 28 26 24 – 1 1 8 6 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 – 6 2 0 1 0 – 7 4 – 7 23 3 9 15 59 37 7 5 6 8 0 1 1 2 3 1 12 10 7

– 19 18 – 53 52 13 10 7 – – 77 0 0 0 14 7 1 38 42 46 – 8 6 25 23 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 5 0 – 1 0 12 2 0 – 0 1 – 48 29 60 57 54 – – – – – – 0 0 0 22 11 5 2 1 0

Unimproved

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Use of sanitation facilities (percentage of population)

– 9 20 – 15 28 0 17 17 7 9 37 21 19 – 11 3 33 5 5 24 23

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey

Surface water

Thailand

Unimproved

Tajikistan

Other improved

Syrian Arab Republic

Piped on premises

Switzerland

Total improved

Sweden

Surface water

Swaziland

Unimproved

Suriname

Other improved

Sudan

Piped on premises

Sri Lanka

Total improved

Spain

Year Surface water

South Sudan

Unimproved

South Africa

Improved

Other improved

Somalia

National Unimproved

Piped on premises

Solomon Islands

Improved

Total improved

Country, area or territory

Rural Unimproved

– 93 93 – 35 66 98 98 99 – – 63 100 100 100 92 95 99 86 76 66 99 98 97 86 89 93 100 100 100 100 100 100 97 95 93 – 93 92 96 97 97 100 100 100 – 69 93 79 84 90 NA NA NA 98 98 99 92 95 98 95 97 100 94 97 100

– 61 61 0 12 53 86 87 89 – – – 99 99 99 37 53 67 78 63 46 – 91 78 67 70 74 100 100 100 100 100 100 94 93 91 – 77 87 74 77 80 97 97 95 – 24 45 14 13 12 NA NA NA – – – 81 85 88 89 92 94 91 95 99

– 32 32 – 23 13 12 11 10 – – – 1 1 1 55 42 32 8 13 20 – 7 19 19 19 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 2 – 16 5 22 20 17 3 3 5 – 45 48 65 71 78 NA NA NA – – – 11 10 10 6 5 6 3 2 1

– 7 0 – 59 30 2 2 1 – – 16 0 0 0 8 5 1 12 22 31 1 2 3 6 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 7 – 3 1 4 3 3 0 0 0 – 28 6 20 15 9 NA NA NA 2 2 1 5 2 0 5 3 0 6 3 0

– 0 7 – 6 4 0 0 0 – – 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 3 0 0 0 8 6 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 4 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 3 1 1 1 1 NA NA NA – – – 3 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

– 76 76 – 15 7 66 71 79 – – 55 100 100 100 63 76 92 61 56 50 – 73 81 25 41 67 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 79 87 – 49 57 82 90 95 98 98 99 – 50 60 36 38 40 90 93 97 99 99 99 88 91 93 63 76 89 73 85 99

– 16 16 0 0 0 23 28 36 – – – 100 100 100 6 15 23 16 15 13 – 49 45 4 13 26 100 100 100 99 99 99 49 60 79 – 17 34 10 22 31 – 85 83 – 11 14 0 0 1 – – – – – – 68 71 74 22 33 – 51 73 97

– 60 60 – 15 7 43 43 43 – – – 0 0 0 57 61 69 45 41 37 – 24 36 21 28 41 0 0 0 1 1 1 26 19 8 – 32 23 72 68 64 – 13 16 – 39 46 36 38 39 – – – – – – 20 20 19 41 43 – 22 12 2

– 21 0 – 56 52 7 8 11 – – 14 0 0 0 28 19 6 29 33 36 – 6 0 18 18 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 20 12 – 14 5 16 9 5 2 2 1 – 43 29 37 33 30 10 7 3 1 1 1 10 7 5 35 22 9 26 14 1

– 3 24 – 29 41 27 21 10 – – 31 0 0 0 9 5 2 10 11 14 – 21 19 57 41 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 – 37 38 2 1 0 – – – – 7 11 27 29 30 – – – – – – 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 0

– 78 79 – 21 30 83 87 91 – – 57 100 100 100 68 79 93 67 62 55 – 89 92 39 52 72 100 100 100 100 100 100 86 88 90 – 61 66 86 92 96 99 99 100 – 54 69 48 53 59 90 93 97 99 99 99 89 92 94 82 89 96 85 93 100

– 23 25 0 4 20 56 62 69 – – – 99 99 99 11 21 29 32 29 24 – 76 68 18 25 36 100 100 100 100 100 100 71 77 86 – 33 48 29 39 48 – 92 90 – 14 23 4 5 5 – – – – – – 69 73 76 61 71 – 75 87 99

– 55 54 – 17 10 27 25 22 – – – 1 1 1 57 58 64 35 33 31 – 13 24 21 27 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 11 4 – 28 18 57 53 48 – 7 10 – 40 46 44 48 54 – – – – – – 20 19 18 21 18 – 10 6 1

– 19 0 – 58 43 4 4 5 – – 14 0 0 0 25 17 5 25 29 35 – 4 2 16 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 12 10 – 11 4 12 7 4 1 1 0 – 40 23 32 27 22 10 7 3 1 1 1 9 6 4 17 10 3 15 7 0

– 3 21 – 21 27 13 9 4 – – 29 0 0 0 7 4 2 8 9 10 – 7 6 45 33 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 28 30 2 1 0 – – 0 – 6 8 20 20 19 – – – – – – 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Urban Improved

– 17 23 – 15 29 NA* 19 38 7 9 31 16

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

Use of drinking–water sources (percentage of population)

19 5 30 25 NA* 9 9 24 29

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Strip Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Open defecation

Uzbekistan

Unimproved

Uruguay

Shared

United States Virgin Islands

Improved

United States of America

Open defecation

United Republic of Tanzania

Unimproved

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Shared

United Arab Emirates

Improved

Ukraine

Open defecation

Uganda

3 668 4 501 5 105 12 19 39 9 9 10 17 700 24 213 34 509 51 645 48 892 45 190 1 809 3 033 7 891 57 214 58 874 62 417 25 479 34 038 46 218 253 339 282 496 313 085 103 109 109 3 109 3 319 3 380 20 515 24 776 27 760 147 185 246 19 685 24 348 29 437 67 102 78 758 88 792 2 081 3 199 4 152 11 948 17 723 24 800 7 860 10 202 13 475 10 469 12 509 12 754

Unimproved

Tuvalu

National

Shared

Turks and Caicos Islands

Population (x 1000)

Unimproved

Improved

Turkmenistan

Year

Rural

Unimproved

Percentage urban population

Country, area or territory

Urban

45 46 49 74 85 94 41 46 51 11 12 16 67 67 69 79 81 84 78 79 80 19 22 27 75 79 82 88 93 95 89 91 93 40 37 36 19 22 25 84 90 94 20 24 31 68 72 74 21 26 32 39 35 39 29 34 39

99 99 100 – – – 75 81 86 33 33 34 100 97 96 98 98 98 100 100 100 9 16 24 100 100 100 – – – 96 97 99 95 97 100 – 54 65 89 93 – 64 78 93 90 92 95 70 82 93 61 59 56 54 53 52

– – – – – – 8 9 9 48 49 50 0 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 8 15 23 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 – – – – 28 33 – – – 4 4 5 5 5 5 1 2 2 26 25 23 46 45 44

1 1 0 – – – 15 8 3 17 16 15 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 67 51 0 0 0 – – – 1 1 1 5 3 0 – 18 2 7 2 – 8 7 2 3 2 0 23 12 3 11 14 19 0 1 2

0 0 0 – – – 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 – – – 3 2 0 0 0 0 – 0 0 4 5 – 24 11 0 2 1 0 6 4 2 2 2 2 0 1 2

97 97 98 – – – 71 76 80 26 31 35 – 91 89 95 95 95 100 100 100 6 7 7 99 99 99 – – – 85 90 98 76 87 100 – 38 55 45 54 – 30 48 67 – 85 93 12 24 34 29 31 33 35 34 33

– – – – – – 4 4 5 12 14 16 – 4 4 5 5 5 0 0 0 3 4 4 – – – – – – 1 1 1 – – – – 10 15 – – – 2 3 4 – 7 7 1 2 3 7 7 8 18 17 17

2 2 1 – – – 18 13 8 40 39 39 – 5 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 76 73 1 1 1 – – – 1 0 1 24 13 0 – 50 28 14 6 – 24 23 24 – 6 0 33 32 32 24 29 32 0 5 10

1 1 1 – – – 7 7 7 22 16 10 – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 13 16 – – – – – – 13 9 0 0 0 0 – 2 2 41 40 – 44 26 5 – 2 0 54 42 31 40 33 27 47 44 40

98 98 99 – 81 – 73 78 83 27 31 35 – 95 94 97 97 98 100 100 100 7 9 12 100 100 100 96 96 96 95 97 99 84 91 100 – 42 58 82 89 – 37 55 75 – 90 94 24 39 53 42 41 42 40 40 40

– – – – – – 6 6 7 16 18 21 – 3 3 2 2 2 0 0 0 4 6 9 – – – – – – 0 0 0 – – – – 14 20 – – – 2 3 4 – 5 6 1 2 3 14 13 14 26 27 27

1 1 1 – 16 – 16 11 6 37 37 35 – 2 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 80 74 67 0 0 0 4 4 4 1 0 1 16 9 0 – 42 20 8 3 – 21 20 18 – 4 0 31 27 22 19 24 27 0 3 7

1 1 0 – 3 – 5 5 4 20 14 9 – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 11 12 0 0 0 – – – 4 3 0 0 0 0 – 2 2 10 8 – 40 22 3 – 1 0 44 32 22 25 22 17 34 30 26

Unimproved

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Use of sanitation facilities (percentage of population)

19 – 12 17 NA* 69 7 7 15 2 8 30 33 – 36 40 34 15 3

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Strip Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Surface water

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Unimproved

Vanuatu

Other improved

Uzbekistan

Piped on premises

Uruguay

Total improved

United States Virgin Islands

Surface water

United States of America

Unimproved

United Republic of Tanzania

Other improved

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Piped on premises

United Arab Emirates

Total improved

Ukraine

Year Surface water

Uganda

Unimproved

Tuvalu

Improved

Other improved

Turks and Caicos Islands

National Unimproved

Piped on premises

Turkmenistan

Improved

Total improved

Country, area or territory

Rural Unimproved

99 97 89 – – – 92 95 98 79 85 91 100 99 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 94 87 79 100 100 100 – – – 98 99 100 97 98 98 94 96 98 93 94 – 88 94 99 100 94 82 96 83 72 89 87 86 100 99 97

– 81 77 – – – 92 95 97 8 14 20 – 92 86 – 80 – 100 100 100 33 29 23 97 97 97 – – – 95 96 100 86 86 85 79 65 51 87 89 – 45 51 58 – 87 75 84 77 71 48 42 36 97 88 78

– 16 12 – – – 0 0 1 71 71 71 – 7 12 – 20 – 0 0 0 61 58 56 3 3 3 – – – 3 3 0 11 12 13 15 31 47 6 5 – 43 43 41 – 7 7 12 6 1 41 45 50 3 11 19

0 2 10 – – – 8 5 2 18 12 6 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 18 0 0 0 – – – 2 1 0 1 1 1 6 4 2 6 5 – 6 2 1 0 5 17 3 16 27 10 12 12 0 1 3

1 1 1 – – – – – – 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 – 6 4 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 0

– 72 54 – – – 89 93 97 36 53 72 – 92 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 46 45 44 94 94 94 – – – 82 88 98 85 83 81 55 71 88 71 74 – 50 71 94 – 87 82 59 52 47 22 36 50 71 70 69

– 29 15 – – – 89 93 97 0 1 2 – 50 22 – 70 – 98 98 98 0 2 4 46 – – – – – 56 70 97 37 32 26 27 22 17 44 50 – 0 4 9 – 64 70 12 20 26 1 1 2 7 6 5

– 43 39 – – – 0 0 0 36 52 70 – 42 76 – 30 – 2 2 2 46 43 40 48 – – – – – 26 18 1 48 51 55 28 49 71 27 24 – 50 67 85 – 23 12 47 32 21 21 35 48 64 64 64

– 8 46 – – – 11 7 3 38 28 17 – 8 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 32 33 6 6 6 – – – 17 11 1 8 11 14 37 21 4 13 10 – 31 16 3 – 10 15 34 41 47 46 37 28 17 20 23

– 20 – – – – – – – 26 19 11 – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 23 23 – – – – – – 1 1 1 7 6 5 8 8 8 16 16 – 19 13 3 – 3 3 7 7 6 32 27 22 12 10 8

– 83 71 – 87 – 90 94 98 41 57 75 – 97 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 55 54 53 98 99 99 100 100 100 96 98 100 90 89 87 62 76 91 90 92 – 58 77 96 – 92 82 66 60 55 48 54 64 79 80 80

– 53 45 – 28 – 90 94 97 1 2 5 – 78 66 – 78 – 100 100 100 7 8 9 84 – – 41 46 – 90 94 99 57 52 47 37 32 25 81 85 – 9 15 24 – 81 74 27 35 40 20 16 15 33 34 33

– 30 26 – 59 – 0 0 1 40 55 70 – 19 32 – 22 – 0 0 0 48 46 44 14 – – 59 54 – 6 4 1 33 37 40 25 44 66 9 7 – 49 62 72 – 11 8 39 25 15 28 38 49 46 46 47

– 6 29 – 13 – 10 6 2 35 26 16 – 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 27 30 2 1 1 0 0 0 4 2 0 5 7 10 31 17 3 7 6 – 26 12 2 – 7 17 28 35 41 32 28 22 12 13 15

– 11 – – – – – – – 24 17 9 – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 19 17 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 3 7 7 6 3 2 – 16 11 2 – 1 1 6 5 4 20 18 14 9 7 5

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Urban Improved

0 – 12 45 NA* 70 7 18 15 2 7 13 43

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

Use of drinking–water sources (percentage of population)

– 39 21 16 30 7

Country, regional and global estimates1 on sanitation and drinking-water

World

Open defecation

Least developed countries

Unimproved

Developed countries

Shared

Developing countries

Improved

Caucasus and Central Asia

Open defecation

Latin America and the Caribbean

Unimproved

Oceania

Shared

Western Asia

Improved

South-eastern Asia

Open defecation

Southern Asia

515 588 669 118 877 563 119 694 141 978 168 355 1 216 665 1 347 625 1 430 886 1 195 985 1 460 201 1 728 477 445 361 523 831 600 025 127 092 161 478 211 444 6 459 8 093 10 141 443 032 521 429 596 629 66 627 71 294 78 177 4 136 502 4 905 047 5 701 698 1 149 637 1 195 733 1 249 023 510 107 661 996 851 103 5 286 139 6 100 780 6 950 721

Unimproved

Eastern Asia

1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011

Unimproved

Shared

Northern Africa

Population (x 1000)

Total

Unimproved

Improved

Sub-Saharan Africa

Year

Rural

Unimproved

Percentage urban population

Region or world

Urban

28 32 37 49 52 55 29 38 52 26 29 33 32 38 45 61 64 68 24 24 23 70 75 79 48 44 44 35 40 46 72 74 78 21 24 29 43 47 52

43 43 42 92 93 94 53 64 76 56 60 64 69 74 81 94 94 96 77 78 78 80 84 87 96 94 96 65 69 74 97 96 97 40 45 48 77 77 80

28 29 30 6 6 6 16 19 24 16 17 19 9 10 10 2 4 4 8 8 9 6 6 7 3 4 4 13 15 17 2 2 2 24 23 26 9 11 13

19 18 19 0 0 0 29 16 0 6 7 7 9 6 2 2 1 0 12 12 11 8 6 5 1 2 0 13 9 5 1 2 1 22 21 20 8 7 4

10 10 9 2 1 0 2 1 0 22 16 10 13 10 7 2 1 0 3 2 2 6 4 1 0 0 0 9 7 4 0 0 0 14 11 6 6 5 3

19 20 24 54 71 84 16 36 57 12 20 30 37 50 62 59 63 71 23 23 24 38 49 63 86 86 95 21 32 43 90 90 92 16 23 31 29 38 47

8 9 11 4 5 7 4 9 14 3 5 7 5 7 9 2 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 6 1 2 2 4 7 9 3 3 3 7 9 12 4 6 9

27 28 29 13 6 0 71 50 27 5 7 9 18 14 10 22 20 17 58 59 61 17 18 17 12 11 3 32 24 17 7 7 5 24 25 25 29 22 16

46 43 36 29 18 9 9 5 2 80 68 54 40 29 19 17 14 8 16 15 12 42 29 14 1 1 0 43 37 31 0 0 0 53 43 32 38 34 28

26 28 30 72 83 90 27 47 67 24 32 41 47 59 71 80 83 88 36 36 36 68 75 82 91 90 96 36 47 57 95 95 96 21 29 36 49 56 64

14 16 18 5 6 6 7 13 19 6 8 11 6 8 10 2 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 2 3 3 7 10 13 3 2 2 11 13 16 6 8 11

24 24 26 7 2 0 59 36 13 6 7 9 16 11 5 10 7 5 47 48 50 10 9 8 6 7 1 26 18 12 2 3 2 23 23 23 21 16 10

36 32 26 16 9 4 7 4 1 64 53 39 31 22 14 8 6 3 13 12 10 17 10 4 1 0 0 31 25 18 0 0 0 45 35 25 24 20 15

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Use of sanitation facilities (percentage of population)

13 29 33 20 28 33 10 24 18 24 6 18 21

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Unimproved

Surface water

World

Other improved

Least developed countries

Piped on premises

Developed countries

Total improved

Developing countries

Surface water

Caucasus and Central Asia

Unimproved

Latin America and the Caribbean

Other improved

Oceania

Piped on premises

Western Asia

1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011

Total improved

South-eastern Asia

Year Surface water

Southern Asia

Unimproved

Eastern Asia

Improved

Other improved

Northern Africa

Total Unimproved

Piped on premises

Sub-Saharan Africa

Improved

Total improved

Region or world

Rural Unimproved

83 83 84 94 94 95 97 98 98 90 92 95 90 92 94 95 96 96 92 93 95 94 96 97 97 96 96 93 94 95 99 100 100 81 79 83 95 95 96

43 39 34 86 89 91 92 93 95 51 53 54 41 45 51 85 87 88 74 75 74 86 90 94 85 84 84 71 72 74 97 97 97 29 31 33 80 80 80

40 44 50 8 5 4 5 5 3 39 39 41 49 47 43 10 9 8 18 18 21 8 6 3 12 12 12 22 22 21 2 3 3 52 48 50 15 15 16

14 14 13 6 6 5 2 2 2 9 7 5 8 6 6 4 3 4 5 5 3 5 3 3 2 3 3 6 5 4 1 0 0 15 17 15 4 4 4

3 3 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 2 0 1 1 0 3 2 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 4 4 2 1 1 0

35 42 51 80 84 89 56 71 85 66 76 88 62 72 84 69 73 78 37 41 45 64 72 82 81 77 79 59 69 79 94 95 97 44 49 58 62 71 81

4 4 5 32 51 73 12 29 45 7 11 15 5 10 13 41 53 66 12 12 11 38 50 64 31 29 29 11 19 24 69 77 79 2 3 4 17 24 29

31 38 46 48 33 16 44 42 40 59 65 73 57 62 71 28 20 12 25 29 34 26 22 18 50 48 50 48 50 55 25 18 18 42 46 54 45 47 52

32 32 30 17 12 6 34 23 13 29 20 10 26 19 13 24 20 18 23 20 14 16 14 11 12 11 11 29 22 15 6 5 2 33 32 29 27 21 14

33 26 19 3 4 5 10 6 2 5 4 2 12 9 3 7 7 4 40 39 41 20 14 7 7 12 10 12 9 6 0 0 1 23 19 13 11 8 5

49 55 63 87 89 92 68 81 92 72 81 90 71 80 89 85 87 90 50 53 56 85 90 94 89 85 86 70 79 87 98 98 99 51 56 65 76 83 89

15 15 15 58 71 83 35 53 71 19 23 28 17 24 30 68 75 81 27 27 25 72 80 88 56 53 53 32 40 47 89 92 93 7 9 12 44 50 55

34 40 48 29 18 9 33 28 21 53 58 62 54 56 59 17 12 9 23 26 31 13 10 6 33 32 33 38 39 40 9 6 6 44 47 53 32 33 34

27 26 24 11 9 6 25 15 7 24 16 9 20 14 9 12 10 9 19 16 12 8 6 4 7 8 8 22 15 10 2 2 1 30 28 25 18 12 8

24 19 13 2 2 2 7 4 1 4 3 1 9 6 2 3 3 1 31 31 32 7 4 2 4 7 6 8 6 3 0 0 0 19 16 10 6 5 3

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Waterď ź2013 update

Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)

Urban Improved

28 23 25 32 28 32 21 23 10 28 7 29

Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water

Use of drinkingâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;water sources (percentage of population)

Trends in urban and rural sanitation coverage, 1990â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2011 10

22 7

0 0 6

2 2 2

0 0 4

0 0

0 1 3

0 0 4

4 5

3 4

2 0 6

19 16 Coverage (%)

16 28

30 81

1990

2011

Southern Asia

1990

2011

1990

SubSaharan Africa

Improved

2011

Southeastern Asia

Shared

1990

2011

Latin America & Caribbean

Unimproved

1990

2011

Oceania

1990

92 43

2011

Northern Africa

1990

2011 1990

Western Asia

2011 1990

Eastern Asia

2011 1990

2011

1990

Caucasus Developing and Central countries Asia

2011

World

Open defecation

Figure 11. T rends in urban sanitation coverage by developing regions and the world, 1990-2011.

2 14

19 46

Coverage (%)

54 80

2011

Southern Asia

1990

2011

Improved

SubSaharan Africa

1990

Shared

2011

1990

2011

Latin America & Caribbean

Unimproved

1990

2011

Oceania

2011

Northern Africa

1990

2011

Western Asia

1990

4 4

43 21

16 1990

71 59

16 29

Southeastern Asia

0 3 2

1 12 1

84 11

12 1990

9 7 5 3

0 7

18 29

2011

Eastern Asia

1990

2011

1990

2011

Caucasus Developing and Central countries Asia

47 29

1990

2011

World

Open defecation

Figure 12. T rends in rural sanitation coverage by developing regions and the world, 1990-2011.

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Waterď ź2013 update

Trends in urban and rural drinking-water coverage, 1990â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2011 3

2 3

3 5 18

0 6

0 5

1 2

1 3

1 2 5

0 2 3

1 5 8

0 3 3

1 4 10

0 4

0 6

0 5 4

49 Coverage (%)

1 6 22

1 4 21

1 4

0 4

1990

2011

40 50

94 74

1990

2011

SubSaharan Africa

1990

2011

Oceania

1990

2011

1990

Southeastern Asia

Piped on premises

2011

Southern Asia

Other improved

1990

2011

1990

Caucasus and Central Asia

2011

Eastern Asia

Unimproved

1990

2011

Latin America & Caribbean

1990

2011

Western Asia

91 86

1990

2011

Northern Africa

1990

2011

Developing countries

World

Surface water

Figure 13. Trends in urban drinking-water coverage by developing regions and the world, 1990-2011.

19 33

13 40

2 5

7 12

11 34

30 Coverage (%)

57 46 31

1990

2011

SubSaharan Africa

1990

2011

Oceania

Piped on premises

5 1990

2011

Southeastern Asia

15 27

12 48 52

55 48

7 1990

2011

Other improved

Southern Asia

45 59

31 11

3 17

40 50

1990

2011

Caucasus and Central Asia Unimproved

1990

11 2011

Eastern Asia

1990

2011

Latin America & Caribbean

1990

2011

Western Asia

1990

2011

Northern Africa

1990

24 2011

Developing countries

17 1990

29 2011

World

Surface water

Figure 14. T rends in rural drinking-water coverage by developing regions and the world, 1990-2011.

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Waterď ź2013 update

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS: REGIONAL GROUPINGS

Developing countries by regions Sub-Saharan Africa

Western Asia

Northern Africa

Oceania

Eastern Asia

Latin America and the Caribbean

Southern Asia

Caucasus and Central Asia

South-eastern Asia Developed countries

Least developed countries

Not applicable

Developing countries by regions Sub-Saharan Africa Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Northern Africa

Western Asia

Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara

Eastern Asia China, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Mongolia, Republic of Korea

Southern Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka

South-Eastern Asia Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Viet Nam

Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, West Bank and Gaza Strip, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen

Oceania American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu

tin America & the La Caribbean Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas,

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Water2013 update

Barbados, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, United States Virgin Islands, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Caucasus and Central Asia Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan

Developed countries Albania andorra, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bermuda, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Channel Islands, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faeroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America

Progress on SANITATION AND Drinking-Waterď ź2013 update

Least developed countries Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Lao Peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia

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