Project 2 ebook Yi Luo (1392452)

HAUORA

Pohara Marae Development Strategy

Yi Luo (1392451) LAND6225 Studio5 1

Introduction     

CONTENTS

Project Background Client Needs Project Goals Purpose and Principle Strategy From Project One

Site Analysis      

Waitata River Map Slope Land-cover Land-cover Description Land-use Land-use Description

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Strategy And Design                

Master-plan 18 Master-plan 3D View 19 Zone Design Details 21 The Re-vegetation Strategies 22 The Re-vegetation cross section The Orchard strategies 24 The Orchard Section 25 The Crop Strategy 26 Mix Crop Section 27 Hydrology Strategies 28 The Grazing Area Design 29 Bee Strategy 30 Bee House Detail Section 31 Ecology Strategies 34 The Riparian Area 35 The Bridge Section 37

References

INTRODUCTION

STRATEGY AND DESIGN

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Client Needs

Project Background

Our client is Ngāti Korokī Kahukura who have been guarding their sanctuary, Pohara Marae, for the return of their families, tribes as well as visitors from elsewhere in a role of guardianship.

They appreciate and remember to have been sustained from their ancestors who have suffered and sacrificed for the next generations; a relationship from maunga to awa for that not only their home is located in between, but for that their lives have been spiritually supported and substan- tially sustained by having been in between.

They aspire to revitalize ‘the stream’ at their position in relationship between their maunga and awa; as a key to restore the ecosystem services and supplies that will enable the tangata whenua to sustain the source of their needs and to eventually lead to more fruitful guardianship.

Pohara Marae address is 1036 Oreipunga Rd, Pukeatua which is located in the Waipa District in the Waikato region of the North Island, New Zealand. It is located between the cities of Hamilton to the north, Rotorua to the east, Taupo to the south and Ruapehu District to the west. Pohara closest township is Arapuni which is 2km south east across the Waikato River. Arapuni is a rural town with a population of just over 2,000 residents.

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Project Goals

Purpose and Principle

Waikato River e Waikato Te Awa is a tupuna to the Maoris and is also a taonga and has a life source (mauri) (confused by this). e Maoris believed that the Waikato river had traditional healing powers. It is believed that her waters enabled the land to stay fertile, which would allow the gardens of the Waikato to ourish.

Our vision is to assist the Ngāti Korokī Kahukura people are able to live in sustainable landscape with the means to protect, restore and enhance their own landscape narrative.

With the main aim to design for an ecological and cultural restoration of the sacred puna at Pohara Marae, the processes are organized in priorities as follows: 1.stream vitalization for ecological restoration 2.land use that takes the maximum advantages of the economic value of the existing land conditions, while retaining the health of the first flows of the streams 3.use of opportunitiesfor creating the well-being of Maori culture through the whole project.

4. Create an ecological site by introducingthe bees to the Pohara marae.

5. Plants attract bees on the site but also improve to quality of the land.

poha ̄ ra marae

Aim

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• • • • • • •

remembering our sacrificed ancestors relationship, reliance on each other use but not abuse, in an appreciating way Humble in need of courage and confidence “Don’t live above, live with your men.” a home, a sanctuary for tribes

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Strategy From Project One

Strategy of Project one is a composition of a thorough analysis of the surrounding landscape with slope, aspect, arable land, soil type, hydrology, vegetation and cultural sites taken into account to provide the best position for rotational crops, seasonal crops, grazing stock and re-vegetation across the landscape.

This strategy provides a balance between continuous economic growth and the establishment of a more complex eco-system within the surrounding landscape.

Using the limited recourse to create sustainability lands to bring more income for them.

SITE ANALYSIS

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Land-cover • The most common tree species in these forests is radiatapine, with Douglas-fir the next most common species.

• In this case, red tones suggesting that young saplings have been planted in the area • The yellow-blue tones indicate the land was predominantly grassland.

• An area of established indigenous forest is present to the southeast, and the tones in the imagery suggest established • But younger indigenous forest to the northwest, with green tones indicating narrow-leafed tree species.

• The increasing density of vegetation cover through time is evident in the central area time-series of imagery.

• The reference layers confirm that indigenous species are likely to reach the forest definition under the environmental conditions in this area • And the adjacent areas would provide a seed source for indigenous species.

• Exotic species that are self-seeded and have not been actively planted, such as wilding pines, are considered weeds.

• Grey willows are a tree weed species whose spread impacts wetland areas.

• Crop trees, such as apple, avocado and nut orchards, are mapped as the land use: Cropland –perennial which includes all orchards, vineyards and the linear shelterbelts associated with this land-use activity.

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Description of Land-use Natural forest • broadleaved hardwood shrubland, manuka/kanuka shrubland and other woody under current land management within 30–40 years) • areas of bare ground of any size which were previously forested but, due to natural disturbances (eg, erosion, storms) have lost vegetation cover • roads/tracks less than 30 m width within the above categories

Settlements •

built-up areas and impervious surfaces

• grassland within settlements including recreational areas, urban parklands and open spaces which do not meet the forest definition

Grassland – high producing • major roading infrastructure • grassland with high quality pasture species Grassland – low producing • airports and runways • low fertility grassland and tussock grasslands • mostly on hill country • dam infrastructure • other areas of limited vegetation cover and significant bare soil including • urban subdivisions under construction • erosion and coastal herbaceous sand dune vegetation Other Cropland – Perennial • all orchards and vineyards • montane rock/scree Cropland – annual • all annual crops • river gravels, rocky outcrops, sand dunes and • all cultivated bare ground beaches, coastal cliffs, eroded • linear shelterbelts associated with annual cropland gullies with no vegetation, mines (including spoil), Wetland – open water quarries • all open water ie, lakes, rivers, dams, reservoirs, estuaries (where within the defined coastline of New Zealand)

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permanent ice/snow and glaciers

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any other remaining land that does not fall into any

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STRATEGY AND DESIGN Project Goals Our vision is to assist the Ngāti Korokī Kahukura people are able to live in sustainable landscape with the means to protect, restore and enhance their own landscape narrative.

With the main aim to design for an ecological and cultural restoration of the sacred puna at Pohara Marae, the processes are organized in priorities as follows: 1.stream vitalization for ecological restoration 2.land use that takes the maximum advantages of the economic value of the existing land conditions, while retaining the health of the first flows of the streams 3.use of opportunities for creating the well-being of Maori culture through the whole project.

4. Create an ecological site by introducing the bees to the Pohara marae.

5. Plants attract bees on the site but also improve to quality of the land.

Master Plan

3D View

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Zone Plan

Design Specific

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Zone A

The Re-vegetation Strategies Due to the afforestation project, we have to consider about the sustainable planting plants and decrease the tare of maintenance. However, we also have to create a healthy condition because of the wet soil is not really suitable for several species.

Re-vegetation Secction

Otherwise, we have to let the environment do the natural succession through time.

The master plan alters the areas which deviled basic on the GIS data. I am going to use the native species to recover the afforestation area gradually.

The planting strategies include ecological replanting, buffering replanting, and historical replanting strategies 20

Zone B

The Orchard Strateg Planting of native species within selected positions amongst the ‘arable land’ is less likely to be effected by production; this also creates the opportunity to increase the biodiversity within the landscape. Native species are able to withstand less nutrient rich soils; however, regrowth of Pines for example, will increase potassium and phosphate in the soils.

The Orchard Section

This allows undergrowth and a heircahy of native planting to occur, similar to that seen in the local maunga.

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Zone C

The Crop Strategy Selecting the correct location for short-rotation crops, seasonal crops and stock grazing is essential for utilising the best positions towards re-vegetation of the surrounding landscape.

Mixed Crop Section

The need for farming production to consume the entire landscape would threaten the chance of native vegetation becoming established throughout selected sites; therefore a compromising approach is needed to establish a balance between ecology and economic gain.

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Zone D

The Grazing Area

The Grazing Area Hydrology Strategy Due to the impact of hydrological flow in the area the land has become imprinted with meandering rivers, lake bowls and gentle - steep gullies. This creates and removes opportunities for land usage around the context. Water is a vital connection to the local Iwi and how land use can be applied throughout the landscape.

Opportunities:

Short rotationalcrops to be repeated further in larger flat alluvial plains due to the softer soils. This allows for the Hapu to retain a stable income and link to the waterways. This can be clearly seen by the historical water movements of the Waikato river flowing through the site.

Strategic placement of buildings and the stabilisation of stream or river banks will mitigate the effects of pollutants entering the waterways. This also prevents acidic soils and rock types coming to the surface, as it’s currently covered with fertile soils.

Placement and management of farming runoff kept to a minimum to migate any effects to waterways.

Allow the waterways to provide a food source for fish species such as Lond fin Tuna 32

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VECTORWORKS EDUCATIONAL VERSION

Zone E

Bee Strategy The bees will facilitate growth, developmentand stability in our economy. This chapter sets out the core components of such a strategy in order to provide greater clarity and a measure of certainty to the process of BEE which is currently unfolding.

The Bee Farm Section

- Cost Reduction - Using native plants: such as Maukau - They will not spent lots of time to take care of the bees.

- The vegetation for bees are easy to growth.

- Honey can be able to increase income.

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The Bee House Detail

The Bee House View

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Zone F

The Riparian Area Ecology and Hydrology Strategy

The Riparian Area Section View

Hydrologly can act as a transport, further influencing the re-vegetation of an area once the source has been established.

Opportunities: Introduction of staged native plantings along valleys and gullies allowing regrowth along stream edges. Seeds and pollen can travel down waterways, creating a source for re-vegetation further afield, aiding in filtration of waterways in a number of areas. This also creates a bridge between fragmented ecosystems that exist in the surrounding environment.

Riperian planting filtrates waterways, allowing fish species to thrive or be introduced.

Planting near waterways provides a natural pathway to the site, creating a link between Maunga and Marae. Farming is less likely to occur on or near a streams buffer zone and therefore provide a green passgae for Avian species to travel.

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Zone G

The Bridge Section

The Cultural Strategy The bridge which I built up is conncted with the river to the ‘Heart’.

Not only guests are able to cross the river directly, they are able to use bridege to sepreate the spaces.

THe Bee Farm , the grazing farm, and the riperian plants will planted surronding the bridge.

That will be the best view to ssee the natural forest and organic farming.

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• Dymond JR, Shepherd JD, Qi J. 2001. A Simple Physical Model of Vegetation Reflectance for Standardising Optical Satellite Imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment.37: 230–239.

References

• Dymond JR, Shepherd JD. 2004. The spatial distribution of indigenous forest and its composition in the Wellington region, New Zealand, from ETM+ satellite imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment 90: 116–125.

• Eyles GO. 1977. NZLRI worksheets and their applications to rural planning. Town PlanningQuarterly 47: 38–44.

• IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), 2003. Penman, J, Gytarsky M, Hiraishi T, Krug T, Kruger D, Pipatti R, Buendia L, Miwa K, Ngara T, Tanabe K, and Wagner F (Eds.). Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-use Change and Forestry. IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. Published for the IPCC by the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies: Tokyo, Japan.

• Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF), 2011. National Exotic Forest Description as at 1 April 2010, 66 p.

• Ministry for the Environment,2006. New Zealand’s Initial Report under the Kyoto Protocol.

• Newsome P, Shepherd JD, 2009. EstablishingNew Zealand’s Kyoto Land Use and Land-Use Change and Forestry 1990 Baseline Map, Landcare Research Contract Report LC0809/103, 27 p.

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