Public Interest Careers Guide 2016 by UNSW Law Society

A CK NO WLEDGEM ENTS Editors David Erho (Editor-in-Chief) Sarah Park Public Interest Careers Directors Tina Zhou Ellen Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Rourke Kathy Truong Isha Fay Grace Di Giorgio Erin Bailey International Public Interest Careers Directors Rachel Johnston Leslie Phung Special thanks to our contributors: Anna Prell Ashna Teneja Blake Donald Bob Liang Charlie Goodlake Elsa Lo Jemilah Hallinan

Designer Audrey Chan Vice-President (Administration) Belinda Goh Vice-President (Public Interest Careers) Jessica Meech Vice-President (International) Peter Xuan Luo UNSW Law Society Presidents Justin Teo & Audrey Chan

John Song Mary Azzi Matthew Varley Menaka Masudevan Michael Seck Nicole Noman SC Rachel Johnston Sarah Elliot

ÂŠ 2016 UNSW Law Society. This publication is copyright. Except where permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), no part of this publication may be reproduced or stored by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the UNSW Law Society. Disclaimer The articles and opinions expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the UNSW Law Society, the editor, or those of the UNSW Faculty of Law. Although the editor and authors have taken every care in preparing and writing the guide, they expressly disclaim and accept no liability for any errors, omissions, misuse or misunderstandings on the part of any person who use or relies upon it. The editor, author and the UNSW Law Society accept no responsibility for any damage, injury or loss occasioned to any person or entity, whether law student or otherwise, as a result of a person relying, wholly or in part, on any material included, omitted or implied in this publication.

Acknowledgements

TA BL E O F CONTENTS Dean’s Note Presidents’ Note Vice-President’s Note

5 6 7

Chapter I: Careers in Government and Public Interest Law Federal Government Administrative Appeals Tribunal Attorney-General’s Department Australian Broadcasting Corporation Australian Competition and Consumer Commission Australian Government Solicitor Australian Human Rights Commission Australian Law Reform Commission Australian Prudential Regulation Authority Australian Securities & Investments Commission Australian Taxation Office Commonwealth Ombudsman Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet Office of the Australian Information Commissioner Reserve Bank of Australia The Treasury State Government NSW Crown Solicitor’s Office NSW Department of Justice NSW Law Reform Commission NSW Office of Environment and Heritage Criminal Law Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions Legal Aid Public Defenders Office Compensation Law Maurice Blackburn Lawyers Shine Lawyers Slater & Gordon Public Interest Law Aboriginal Legal Service Aurora Project Community Legal Centres NSW Environmental Defenders Office Refugee Advice and Casework Service Public Interest Advocacy Centre Salvos Legal The Bar and the Judiciary NSW Bar Association Tipstaves and Associateships

9 10 11 12 13 15 18 19 20 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 30 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 48 49 50 52 53 54 55 56 57 Table of Contents

Chapter II: Applying for jobs in the Australian Public Service

Chapter III: Careers in International Public Law

Chapter IV: Summary of Upcoming Events

Diplomatic Missions Australian Embassy in Berlin Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office United States Consulate General in Sydney United Nations International Monetary Fund International Labor Organisation International Fund of Agricultural Development United Nations Environment Programme United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights United Nations Refugee Agency World Food Programme World Trade Organization International Courts and Tribunals International Criminal Court International Court of Arbitration International Court of Justice International Tribunal for the Law and Sea International Organisations Asian Human Rights Commission International Bar Association International Chamber of Commerce International Committee of the Red Cross Interpol

Table of Contents

65 66 67 69 71 72 73 74 75 77 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94

DEAN’S NOTE UNSW Law has always had a foundational, defining commitment to social justice. David Dixon

UNSW Law has always prepared graduates for work in the public sector – it’s part of our commitment to serving the whole of society, not just law’s traditional constituents. This guide provides an excellent introduction to the many opportunities available for graduates. Too often, law schools have been flooded with publicity from the private sector and students have been insufficiently aware of all that is available. This guide, along with LawSoc’s other efforts in collaboration with the Law School’s new Careers Service Manager, Joanne Glanz – aim to rectify this. The public sector includes some areas of law which have been expanding rapidly and which provide excellent opportunities. I’ll note just three, very different, examples: first, the growth of regulation and compliance requirements; second, the continuing expansion of security services in many forms; and third, the use of governments of extended

royal commissions and other inquiries. All these provide expanding areas of work for lawyers. UNSW Law has always had a foundational, defining commitment to social justice: this guide introduces you to many opportunities in community legal centres and NGOs. Our alumni lead major institutions such as the Australian Council of Social Service, Redfern Legal Centre and, of course, our own Kingsford Legal Centre. Increasingly, our graduates are working in international organizations and NGO. This year, we will make a network of such people in order to provide advice and mentoring opportunities for students keen to work overseas. UNSW Law prides itself on integrating an academic environment with experiential learning and opportunities for professional development. We offer more clinics and internships than any other Australian law school and because of this, our students

are more aware of the social issues and injustices that exist around them. Wherever they look for opportunities, UNSW graduates have a real advantage through the emphasis in our teaching on the social, political and economic contexts of the law and the connection between academic work and practice. Our new curriculum and the emphasis on experiential learning were informed by extensive consultation with employers: they want graduates with the breadth of knowledge and experience that our experiential and classroom teaching provides. I am keen to encourage all students to be active in searching for roles that express their talents and beliefs and where they will do something that makes them feel worthwhile. I hope you use the 2016 Public Interest Careers Guide to help guide you on the right career path for you and make the best of the wealth of opportunities available. Dean’s Note

PRESIDENTS’ NOTE The UNSW Law Society prides itself on empowering our members professionally, personally and academically by equipping them with opportunities to develop and the right information for them to achieve their career goals. To this end, we are pleased to bring to you the 2016 Public Interest Careers Guide. It is important that UNSW Law students are exposed and informed to the vast array of career opportunities that are available. It is only by being informed that students can pick the career path that best suits their interests and strengths. As such, this guide includes a diverse selection of opportunities for students who may be curious as to what a career with a public interest focus may entail. This guide aims to be a comprehensive resource for all students wanting to learn more about career opportunities present in government, non-government organisations and a multitude of other areas in which they may use their legal education. By browsing through the profiles of various government departments, nongovernment agencies and other organisations, students can find out more about what it is like to work in each respective area, the benefits of doing so and relevant dates and application periods. Through this guide, we hope students will open their minds to the endless opportunities that are available and vigorously pursue their passions in law. Finally, we would like to thank all those who have contributed to the production of this guide. We extend our thanks to the organisations and agencies that have provided invaluable information and insight needed for the substance of this guide. This guide would not be possible without the vision and leadership of Jessica Meech, Vice-President (Public Interest Careers), and the combined handwork of Tina Zhou, Kathy Truong, Grace Di Giorgio, Isha Fay, Ellen O’Rourke, Erin Bailey, Sarah Park and David Erho. We hope you find this guide useful and wish you all the best in your careers! Audrey Chan & Justin Teo Co-Presidents UNSW Law Society 6

Presidents’ Note

VICE-PRESIDENT’S NOTE As UNSW Law students, we are gifted with an education that continues to engage and develop a tradition of social justice into our learning. Despite this, there is still a disjunct between such a rich and celebrated tradition and the culture of careers within our law cohort. Any student wishing to find their passion and practice in a non-corporate law setting should not be faced with scepticism but they should be supported in a way in which our law school tradition deserves. Students wishing to pursue a “non-traditional” career have an abundance of potential career pathways available to help them contribute to a goal of social justice, both domestically and internationally. In creating this guide, we have doubled the amount of content allowing law students greater access to opportunities in all areas of law and at all stages of their degree. The 2016 guide covers everything from volunteering opportunities, PLT placements and graduate positions. This detailed guide should be a starting point for your research when considering the wide-range of roles available to you in areas such as government, human rights law, criminal law, family law as well as overseas positions at Diplomatic Missions or the United Nations. The production of this guide could not have been achieved if it wasn’t for the hard work and dedication of the Careers Directors, including Tina Zhou, Ellen O’Rourke, Grace Di Giorgio, Erin Bailey, Kathy Truong, Leslie Phung and Rachel Johnston. The beautiful design of the guide is all thanks to our extremely talented Publications Editor-in-Chief, Audrey Chan with special thanks also going to David Erho and Sarah Park, our Careers Publication Director. We are all proud to present the 2016 Public Interest Careers Guide and hope it will assist students to choose a career pathway that follows their talents and interests. Jessica Meech Vice-President (Public Interest Careers) UNSW Law Society

Vice-President’s Note

CHAPTER 1

“

It is exciting to be working on complex problems where the outcome will shape our economy and society.

”

GOVERNMENT The Australian Public Service has a wide array of opportunities available for law graduates with roles covering all services provided by the government to the people. Given the broad scope of these services, there are many diverse and compelling careers pathways in the public service. APS positions are highly sought after given their extensive training, favourable work conditions, defined career path and personal development, and both geographic and employment-based mobility. This guide should assist students gain more information on the wide-range of opportunities that exist in Federal and State Government departments, some of them including the Australian Tax Office, the Attorney General’s Department, the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the Australian Law Reform Commission and the NSW Law Reform Commission. Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Government

A D M I N I S T R AT I V E A P P E A L S TRIBUNAL What is the purpose of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal?

Does the AAT have any opportunities for law graduates? Although the AAT do not have a graduate program, any employment opportunities are found on the AAT’s website: http://www.aat.gov.au/aboutthe-aat/working-at-the-aat The AAT employs a number of ongoing and non-ongoing Commonwealth public servants to perform a range of duties including management of the AAT’s Registries, conducting conferences, legal research, provision of client services and support services to Members.

The Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) is Australia’s pre-eminent merits review body, responsible for independently reviewing administrative decisions made under Commonwealth and Norfolk Island laws. Decisions reviewed include those made by Australian Government ministers, departments and agencies and, in limited circumstances, decisions made by state government and non-government bodies. The AAT aims to provide a review process that is accessible, fair, just, economical, informal and quick. The review process should be proportionate to the importance and complexity of the matter, and promote public trust and confidence in the decision-making of the Tribunal. What kind of work would a lawyer be involved in at the AAT? While the AAT does not have a general power to review decisions, lawyers at the AAT commonly review decisions in relation to: • child support • Commonwealth workers’ compensation • family assistance, paid parental leave, social security and student assistance • migration and refugee visas and visa-related decisions • taxation • veterans' entitlements Members of the AAT are private individuals appointed because of their special skill or experience in particular fields.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

AT T O R N E Y- G E N E R A L’ S D E PA R T M E N T What is the Department?

purpose

the

Attorney-General’s

The Attorney-General’s Department is the central policy and coordination unit of the Attorney-General’s portfolio and aims to create a just and secure society. They do this through enhancing Australia’s legal system to protect rights and freedoms, alongside giving advice to ministers and the Government on issues of national security and developing policies in response to emergencies.. Does the Attorney-General’s Department have any opportunities for law graduates? Graduate Program The Attorney-General’s Department offers a 12 month graduate program, which encompasses three work rotations between different departments and provides extensive training and support. The department is also ranked as one of Australia’s top 50 graduate employers on the Top Graduate Employers List. Since the Australian Government Solicitor became apart of the Attorney-General’s Department in July 2015, the graduate program now offers two streams:

When should you apply? Graduate Program Applications are now open and close on 4 April 2016. More information can be found here: https://www. ag.gov.au/About/Careers/ Graduateprogram/Pages/Howto-apply.aspx Summer Intern Program Applications for the upcoming 2016/2017 program are not yet open however will open around September or October. Contact hrassist@ag.gov.au for more information.

• Policy/Program stream: includes opportunities to strengthen skills in the areas of legal advice and policy as well as manage programs and services. • Legal stream: include opportunities to utilise and strengthen legal skills through practising law within the Australian Government Solicitor. Summer Intern Program This is a program for final year students that usually takes place between November and February each year. More details can also be found here: https://www.ag.gov.au/ About/Careers/Pages/Summerinternprogram.aspx Indigenous Employment Programs There are 3 Indigenous programs: the Indigenous Traineeship Program; the Indigenous Cadetship Program and an Indigenous Graduate Recruitment initiative. Information about the programs and how to apply can be found here: https://www.ag.gov.au/About/ Careers/Pages/Indigenousemploymentprograms.aspx Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

AUSTRALIAN BROADCASTING C O R P O R AT I O N What is the purpose of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation?

Does the ABC have any opportunities for law students? The ABC offers a limited number of unpaid internships to students who need to undertake practical experience in order to be admitted to practice as lawyers. Paid cadetships are also available. There are 8 cadetships available in total. On top of this, a number of places are reserved for Indigenous and Torres Strait Islander peoples through the ABC’s Indigenous Careers program. Applications for 2017 are likely to be open in August 2016. What does the ABC look for in an intern?

The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) is Australia’s national public broadcaster. The ABC provides entertainment, news, current affairs and sports programming across television, radio, mobile and online services to metropolitan, regional and remote Australia. What kind of work would a lawyer be involved in at the ABC? The ABC’s Legal Services provide pre and post publication advice for journalists, television shows, radio programs and online content. ABC Legal Services has a number of teams including: • Dispute Resolution - that deals with program complaints, litigation and related disputes. • Commercial team - whose key function is to provide advice and draft agreements across divisions such as Music, Books, Audio, Magazines, Digital Business, Program Sales and Production. • Acquisitions team - who deal with a range of issues relating to the production, acquisition and commissioning of content by the ABC across all content platforms.

The ABC is looking for students who have some experience in media, are able to take initiative, have well-developed research and writing skills, and have an interest in news and broadcasting.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

AUSTRALIAN COMPETITION AND CONSUMER COMMISSION What is the purpose of the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission? The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) is an independent competition and consumer protection agency. It acts to enforce the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (CCA) and the Australian Consumer Law. The ACCC’s key purpose is to protect consumer interests and promote competition in order to encourage efficiency. Specifically, ACCC regulates product labelling, unfair market practices, price monitoring, anti-competitive conduct, industry codes and manages mergers and acquisitions. Further, the ACCC is integrated with the Australian Energy Regulator (AER) and provides support to the National Competition Council. There are ACCC offices in all capital cities to ensure it can effectively monitor all states and territories’ consumer practices.

When can you apply? Applications for the ACCC Graduate Program will close on 10 April 2016. Interviewing and testing will take place between May and June with offers being sent out in July. For more information go to: http:// www.accc.gov.au/about-us/ careers/graduate-opportunities

Does ACCC have any opportunities for law graduates? The ACCC’s graduate program takes graduates from a variety of disciplines, including law, public policy, financial modelling, economics and econometrics. Graduates will experience a range of areas in order to gain a broad understanding of the ACCC and the AER. The program aims to expand graduates’ experience by developing their knowledge through on-the-job learning and providing formal training events and developmental activities designed to meet each individual’s needs. What kind of work will a graduate be involved in? The program is a ten-month intensive graduate program where graduates take part in three, 14 week rotations, including the option for an interstate placement. Graduates operate in a range of roles including analysing market sectors in assessing labour conditions, investigating complaints from consumers and businesses about possible breaches of the CCA, liaising with consumers and compliance research. Law graduates may work on mergers and acquisitions investigations, market competition investigations and legal enforcement.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

Blake Donald

Australian Competition & Consumer Commission INVESTIGATOR

What does your role involve? I joined the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) as a graduate in 2015 and I am currently an investigator in the Enforcement Group. The Enforcement Group assesses and investigates alleged breaches of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010, focusing on conduct that may harm the competitive process or conduct that may result in widespread consumer harm.On any given day I may be interviewing witnesses, drafting legal briefs, attending meetings with external stakeholders, presenting findings at meetings of the Commission, analysing complaint data or even participating in search warrants carried out under the statutory powers of the ACCC! What attracted you to work at the ACCC? I enjoyed studying competition law and consumer law at university and thought a career at the ACCC would enable me to contribute to achieving outcomes for these important issues. I considered that a career at the ACCC would enable me to work on matters which drive our economy, shape our society and impact on individuals. What is the most rewarding part of your role? Working with dedicated and knowledgeable people on a range of projects where it feels like we are making a difference to the economy and in the community. It is exciting to be working on complex problems where the outcome will shape our economy and society.

knowledge and consider multiple viewpoints. I am proud to work in a high-performing agency that is committed to promoting competition and consumer protection and fair trading in the Australian marketplace. As a recent law graduate I find that working at the ACCC provides me to make meaningful contributions to complex work whilst also providing me with a work/life balance. What advice would you give to students interested in working at the ACCC? I would encourage students to consider the Internship and Graduate Programs offered by the ACCC. The grad program provided me with a 360 degree view of the ACCC as an organisation. I found throughout my time in the grad program that my supervisors, colleagues and the wider organisation were supportive of my development and encouraged my contributions. I consider that the best part of the ACCC Graduate Program is the rotation program that is offered. Having completed three quite different rotations has required me to utilise different skills and contribute to a variety of projects which I have been able to build upon as I transition from the grad program.

As a law graduate, why would you recommend your current workplace over other career options? Working at the ACCC allows me to contribute to outcomes that are in the public interest. The matters we work on are often challenging and always interesting. I work in teams which have diverse experience and knowledge, which allows me to develop my own skills and 14

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT SOLICITOR What is the purpose of the Australian Government Solicitor? The Australian Government Solicitor (AGS) is a Commonwealth owned legal practice. In July 2015, the AGS became part of the Federal Attorney-General’s Department. The AGS is the largest provider of external legal and other related services to Australian government agencies and the Attorney-General in their role as First Law Officer of Australia. What kind of work would a lawyer be involved in at the AGS? AGS practises in 3 main areas: • The Offce of General Counsel: Provides specialist legal advice and advocacy services to all Commonwealth portfolios. • AGS Dispute Resolution: Aims to resolve disputes involving the Government through alternative dispute resolution methods such as mediation, arbitration and conciliation as well as through litigation. • AGS Commercial: Deals with areas related to private and public commercial matters, such as taxation, competition law, media and communications, environment and resources, banking and finance, property and leasing, grants, tendering, intergovernmental agreements and various infrastructure projects.

Does AGS have any opportunities for law students? AGS runs a Summer Clerkship for LLB and JD students in their penultimate year with positions in Melbourne, Canberra and Sydney. AGS also has a graduate program based in Canberra that offers 12 months training and a development program in either a legal practice stream or policy stream. The Graduate Program is run through the AttorneyGeneral’s Department.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

M a t t h e w Va r l e y

Australian Government Solicitor LAWYER

What does your role involve? As a lawyer in the Law Enforcement team within AGS Dispute Resolution, my role involves advising and representing Commonwealth law enforcement agencies. We assist agencies to answer subpoenas, apply to magistrates for orders in the course of their investigations, defend their decisions in judicial and merits review proceedings, and respond to inquiries and Royal Commissions. I also work on matters that are normally handled by other teams within AGS Dispute Resolution, including tort claims against the Commonwealth and consumer protection applications. I am responsible for matters that are small enough for me to manage with input from a supervisor, and also assist with matters which are handled by a team of lawyers. On a dayto-day level, I appear at returns of subpoena and directions hearings, assist with a large document review tasks, prepare affidavits and court documents, interview witnesses, and prepare advice about particular issues that arise in proceedings. What attracted you to work at AGS? When I left law school, I was determined to achieve more in my career than simply generating profit for shareholders. I was attracted to working for government because I believe that effective and responsible governments protect and provide for the people, and achieve things that the private sector will never attempt. I saw working at AGS as a way to helping this goal.

an appearance, rather a negotiation with the prosecution and defence. Why would you recommend your current workplace over other career options? At AGS, I am surrounded by lawyers who genuinely believe in the value of their work, and who are committed to working for our clients. I work on interesting and high-profile cases, and I work for clients who are responsible for assisting the court to identify the correct answer to legal questions. What advice would you give to students interested in working at AGS? A year spent as a judge’s associate provides very valuable experience - there is no better way to learn civil and criminal procedure, to learn how judges assess evidence and submissions, and to see effective advocacy. If you want to spend a year as an associate, it’s best to do that year immediately after you graduate, and to apply to AGS during the associate year. That approach means that your application is stronger because of your experience as an associate, and your development and progression at AGS isn’t interrupted by a year as an associate.

What is the most rewarding part of your role? The most rewarding part of my role is assisting clients to achieve their goals in ways that allow other parts of the legal system – such as prosecutors, defence lawyers, courts and tribunals – to function as smoothly as possible. In many of the matters we handle, the best outcome is the one which doesn’t require 16

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

A s h n a Ta n e j a

Australian Government Solicitor CLERK

How did you get involved with AGS?

If you could pass on any advice to a law student, what would it be?

I saw an ad for a winter clerkship at AGS Sydney and applied. I was lucky enough to Try everything – you never know what you will score the gig! end up finding interesting. The law in practice is very different to the law in the classroom, What sort of work have you undertaken at AGS? and so sometimes, the subjects you loathed at uni can be the very areas of law you will find As a clerk, I rotated through the civil regulation fascinating in practice. (competition law) team. Whilst I was there, I worked on a number of high profile cases involving the ACCC, including a pyramid pricing scheme, a number of cartel matters, misuse of market power matters and misleading and deceptive conduct matters. The work I did was really interesting. Some days I would be reviewing video evidence and taking notes on representations made by persons. Other days I would be reading cases and drafting research memos on obscure areas of law. I would often get the opportunity to go to court and watch matters, as well as attend meetings with barristers. Since then, I have been working at AGS as a paralegal across all teams, and therefore my work is now very diverse. The areas of law I’ve had the opportunity to work on include native title, federal criminal law, administrative law, migration law, international commercial arbitration, workplace relations, taxation, child support, customs, and competition law. What do you enjoy most about working at AGS? I really like the work and the people. The work at AGS is complex and challenging. The tasks I undertake routinely throw me into the deep end – and I really enjoy that! No day is the same, which keeps things interesting. Furthermore, the people at AGS are very friendly, approachable and supportive of each other. It is a fantastic work environment to be in!

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

AUSTRALIAN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION What is the purpose of the Australian Human Rights Commission?

When should you apply? Applications for the AHRC Internship program open early September, refer to the AHRC careers website around this time for more information: www. humanrights.gov.au/about/jobs/ current-vacancies

The Australian Human Rights Commission works to protect, reform and educate on human rights in Australia. They fulfill this purpose through dealing with discrimination and breaches of human rights, educating and empowering individuals and groups to protect and exercise their human rights and being active in policy and legislative issues related to human rights. What kind of work would a lawyer be involved in at the AHRC? Lawyers at the AHRC may work with resolving complaints of discrimination or breaches of human rights under federal laws, holding public enquiries into national human rights issues, providing legal advice to assist courts in human rights-involved cases, or providing advice and submissions to government to aid the development of laws and policies related to human rights. What kind of benefits does the AHRC provide to potential employees? The AHRC provides a flexible workplace that encourages the wellbeing of its employees. They actively assist the career development of employees in a strong social justice based field. Does the AHRC have any opportunities for law students or graduates? The AHRC does not have a formal graduate program, and does not accept volunteers. The Commission does offer limited space in its internship program, for final and penultimate year students. Legal internships would primarily work with the Commissionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s in house counsel.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

AUSTRALIAN LAW REFORM COMMISSION What is the purpose of the Australian Law Reform Commission? The ALRC is an independent federal agency that conducts inquiries into areas of law at the request of the Attorney-General of Australia. Based on its research and consultations throughout an inquiry, the ALRC makes recommendations to government so that the government can make informed decisions about law reform. ALRC recommendations do not automatically become law, however over 85 per cent of ALRC reports have been either substantially or partially implemented. What kind of work would you be involved in at the ALRC? As a policy adviser, you would work under the ALRC’s objective that is, to make recommendations for law reform that bring the law into line with current conditions and needs. As a law-reformer, your work should involve: • removing defects in the law; • simplify the law; • adopting new or more effective methods for administering the law and dispensing justice; and • providing improved access to justice. What kind of opportunities does the ALRC offer law students?

When should you apply? Semester 2 (1 day/week) Intern period: 8 August – 21 October 2016 Applications close: 4 July 2016 Summer 2017 (full time) Intern period: 3 week period between either: 9 Jan – 27 Jan 2017; or 30 Jan – 17 Feb 2017 Applications close: 26 October 2016 For more information on how to apply go to: http://www.alrc. gov.au/about/legal-internshipprogram

The ALRC offers internships opportunities for current law students to work alongside Commission staff and legal staff as legal interns. This is done on a voluntary basis and is based in Sydney. Who can apply? Students in their penultimate or final year, also postgraduate students, who have: • strong research skills; • the ability to analyse and communicate complex information; • excellent written communication skills, including the ability to write clear and concise documents, including research briefs and memos; • the ability to work independently with professional guidance; • and work experience, or interest in, law reform and/ or social policy development. Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

AUSTRALIAN PRUDENTIAL R E G U L AT I O N A U T H O R I T Y What is the purpose of the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority?

When should you apply? Applications for the APRA Graduate Program close on 3 April 2016. Interviewing and testing will take place between April and June with offers being sent out in July. APRA offers up to 15 graduate positions each year for placement in their Sydney and Melbourne offices. Following the 12 month program, graduates will be promoted to the role of Analyst. For more information go to: http://aviewfromthetop.com. au/introducing-apra/the-apragraduate-program/

The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) is a body established to promote the stability of the Australian financial system. It oversees most of Australia’s financial sector by monitoring and overseeing the activities of banks, credit unions, building societies, insurance companies and the superannuation industry. APRA’s functions include creating and enforcing financial standards, assessing and approving financial licenses, supervising institutions, responding to crises and collecting statistical data on Australia’s financial sector. APRA also administers the Financial Claims Scheme to support failed financial institutions. What kind of work would a lawyer be involved in at APRA? APRA has two legal teams: • Advice and Drafting Team: who provide advice regarding corporate governance, secrecy and whistleblowing, administrative law, and banking and financial system regulation; and, • Litigation and Enforcement Team: who appear on behalf of APRA in legal proceedings, as well as providing direct legal advice to APRA’s enforcement teams. APRA also has teams involved in policy development, international relations, enforcement, governance and statistics, which all require skilled lawyers. Does APRA have any opportunities for law graduates? APRA offers graduates opportunities and experience across the entire financial services industry and will expose graduates to the Australian banking, insurance and superannuation industries. APRA operates a 12-month graduate program and allows rotations to other divisions. What type of work could a graduate be involved in? Opportunities exist for graduates in the supervision of banks, insurance companies and superannuation funds, and also as part of teams providing policy and risk management advice. The program includes training and development plans, as well as a mentoring program.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

AUSTRALIAN SECURITIES & INVESTMENTS COMMISSION What is the purpose of ASIC? The Australian Securities & Investments Commission (ASIC) is Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s corporate markets and financial services regulator. It is an independent Commonwealth body established under the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001. As Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s corporate and financial regulator, ASIC has a vital role in the legal sector, where the law pertains to businesses and corporations. ASIC has the power to commence court proceedings against infringing companies and individuals. ASIC has offices in all Australian capital cities to ensure it can appropriately monitor the financial markets and businesses in each Australian state and territory. Does ASIC have any opportunities for law graduates? ASIC operates a 16-month graduate program that accepts students from a range of disciplines including law, accounting, economics, commerce and IT. The program involves four 4-month rotations, and begins with a three-day induction program in the Sydney office. Rotations may include the commission specialist teams, investors and financial consumers team, markets team, operations team and the registry team.

When should you apply? Applications for the ASIC Graduate Program close on 1 April 2016. Interviewing and testing will take place between April and June with offers being sent out in July. For more information go to: http://www.graduates.asic.gov. au/Dates.aspx

What type of work could graduates be involved in? Law graduates working at ASIC have the opportunity to be involved in business and corporations law. However, opportunities include the ability to be involved in insurance, superannuation, indemnity, litigation and administrative law. There is also scope for graduates to be working in the enforcement or reform areas of ASIC. Following the structured graduate program, graduates will be assigned to an area based on the business needs and their area of interest. Graduates can apply to one of the Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne or Traralgon (VIC) offices, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are especially encouraged to apply.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

Bob Liang

Australian Securities & Investments Commission GRADUATE

Why did you choose the ASIC Graduate Program? I chose ASIC because of their reputation for high quality and high profile work, the downto-earth people, and work-life balance. I’ve found this to be true so far in my first rotation in Strategy Group, catching up with my buddy (an older grad who helps you transition into the program) and learning about other internal stakeholder teams from my fellow Sydney and national graduates. Despite starting out knowing very little about markets, investors and financial consumers (having studied Arts) I’ve been fortunate to receive in-house training and close mentoring with senior managers. I have learnt how to discern and analyse financial products all Australians use. There’s a great sense of self-worth as your work shapes the community. What do you love most about the work you do? What I love most is that I am learning all the time. I am thankful my work has given me sharper insight into managing money, borrowing and credit. Currently, I am helping ASIC keep upto-date with the latest research on financial attitudes. Also, I have been taken out of my comfort zone, learning about new areas, such as complex financial products and new data systems.

The stereotype that government workplaces are less dynamic than the private sector is untrue from my experience. So far in Strategy Group, I’ve found the projects I’ve completed to be more varied and technical than some of the work delegated to my grad friends in commercial and legal firms. ASIC is a high performance environment composed of competent and confident people. What are the best bits of your job? The diversity of work I’ve completed in my first rotation has given me a broad flavour of how different teams work collaboratively to deliver on tight deadlines at ASIC. While I am learning heaps, I’m also enjoying the social aspect of our team and ASIC in general, such as ASICwide trivia nights. The national grads also work closely with our pro-bono work and fundraising arm, ASIC in the Community, to raise awareness for a charity that helps disadvantaged Australian kids. And exciting times are ahead as the national grads prepare for our second on-site training/social in Melbourne!

Do you have any advice for students interested in working in government? When I was applying, I tried to be honest with myself. I knew that work-life balance was important to me, as well as the culture and values of the organisation, and being able to contribute to the community. Throughout the recruitment process – a video interview, assessment centre (AC) and final interview – I asked many questions about ASIC itself. In comparison to different places, at ASIC I was treated with courtesy and respect, valued for my contributions, and developed friendships that remain today. 22

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

A U S T R A L I A N TA X AT I O N O F F I C E What is the purpose of the Australian Taxation Office? The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) is the federal department responsible for revenue collection, superannuation regulation and taxation administration. The ATO is tasked with a variety of responsibilities and various social and economic programs as well as its own taxation enforcement. As the department responsible for revenue collection in the Commonwealth, the ATO primarily focuses on taxation and superannuation law. The ATO plays a role in both reforming and administering the law through committees and reports the ATO accounts parliament its operations, as well as its evaluation of the current tax structure. Does the ATO have any opportunities for law graduates? The primary entry path for students into the ATO is through the ATO’s 12 month Graduate Development Program. The ATO takes graduates from a variety of disciplines including law, finance, accounting, IT, marketing and business management. The ATO’s graduate program involves training and developing graduates in an area related to their expertise.

Applications for the 2016 Graduate Development Program close 5.00pm AEST on 20 April 2016. For more information, visit http://www.destination.ato.gov. au/Our-Programs/GraduateDevelopment-Program/Applynow/ for details. Contact: entrylevelprograms@ ato.gov.au (for graduate and indigenous programs only)

What type of work could a graduate be involved in? Law graduates will be involved in a variety of roles, including: • providing technical advice for taxpayers, businesses and government, • maintaining and reforming taxation laws, • managing litigation and enhancing the ATO’s relationship with businesses, the community and the government. Graduates will also experience two work rotations, liaise with clients, receive flexible working conditions and be offered a permanent position upon completion of the program. When should you apply?

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

C O M M O N W E A LT H O M B U D S M A N What is the purpose of the Commonwealth Ombudsman?

Does the Commonwealth Ombudsman have any opportunities for law graduates? All vacant positions in the Commonwealth Ombudsman’s office will be advertised on the Ombudsman’s website, and through the Australian Public Service Gazette (available at http://apsjobs.gov.au/), as well as local or national media where appropriate to the position. The Commonwealth Ombudsman also maintains a temporary/nonongoing employment register for interested applicants who wish to fulfil possible opportunities arising with the Office.

The Commonwealth Ombudsman considers and investigates complaints from people who believe they have been treated unfairly or unreasonably by an Australian Government department or agency, including the Australian Taxation Office, Australia Post, Centrelink, Child Support Agency, and Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Although the Ombudsman cannot override the decisions of these agencies, it works to ensure that administrative actions by Australian Government agencies are fair and accountable by resolving disputes through consultation, negotiation and making formal recommendations to more senior levels of government. What kind of work would a lawyer be involved in at the Commonwealth Ombudsman? Lawyers at the Commonwealth Ombudsman work to safeguard the community in its dealings with Australian Government agencies by: • correcting administrative deficiencies through independent review of complaints about Australian Government administrative action • fostering good public administration that is accountable, lawful, fair, transparent and responsive • assisting people to resolve complaints about government administrative action • developing policies and principles for accountability • reviewing statutory compliance by agencies The Commonwealth Ombudsman provides fantastic opportunities for individuals interested in public administration, administrative law, public sector work, governance, and alternative dispute resolution to pursue an exciting and engaging future career.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

D E PA R T M E N T O F F O R E I G N A F FA I R S AND TRADE What is the purpose of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade? The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) aims to make Australia stronger, safer and more prosperous by promoting and protecting Australia’s national interests in an international setting. DFAT provides foreign, trade and development policy advice to the government and works with other government agencies to ensure that Australia’s pursuit of its global, regional and bilateral interests are coordinated effectively. Further, the department negotiates international agreements, delivers aid programs and provides consular assistance. DFAT is based in Canberra, however, there are offices in all Australian capital cities and it manages over 95 overseas offices and consulates. Does DFAT have any opportunities for law graduates? DFAT has two graduate programs, the Policy Graduate Program is more suited to law graduates, while the Management Graduate Program is aimed at commerce, accounting and human resources graduates. The Policy Graduate Program prepares successful candidates for a career as a generalist policy officer. Policy graduates work to advance Australia’s interests across a broad range of areas — from security to human rights, international trade to development and aid management, and have the opportunity to represent Australia in a formal capacity while serving overseas.

When can you apply? The Policy Graduate Program Applications for the 2017 DFAT Policy Graduate Program close on 22 March 2016. Management Graduate Program Applications for the 2017 DFAT Management (formerly Corporate) Graduate Program close on 29 March 2016. More information about DFAT Graduate programs can be found here http://dfat.gov.au/ careers/graduate-recruitment/ Pages/graduate-recruitment. aspx

What type of work could graduates be involved in? Graduates undertake a two-year professional development program in Canberra, combining work placements with formal training modules. The program commences in February with a comprehensive induction program. The graduate program includes a block of courses designed to build upon and give graduates the opportunity to fill gaps in their academic studies. There are also workshops to develop graduates’ presentation and negotiation skills, as well as courses in human rights, diplomacy, international development, people and financial management, and consular services. Graduates also have an opportunity to travel interstate to make calls on peak industry bodies and government officials. Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

D E PA R T M E N T O F P R I M E M I N I S T E R AND CABINET What is the purpose of the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet?

When should you apply? Application opening dates are yet to be set, but are expected to open in early June and close in Mid July for the 2017 intake. For further details, email HRHelp@ pmc.gov.au or check out the PM&C website here: http://www.dpmc.gov.au/pmc/ careers/graduate-careers

The main role of the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet is to provide advice to, and support for, the Prime Minister, the Cabinet Secretary and Cabinet. This is to achieve a coordinated and innovative approach to the development and implementation of government policies. The key matters that DPM&C are involved with are policy advice and administrative support to the Prime Minister and assistance to Cabinet, its committees and the Federal Executive Council. The DPM&C are also responsible for coordinating government administration, intergovernmental relations and communication between the governments of states and territory. Does the Department have any opportunities for law graduates? The PM&C graduate program runs for 10 months and offers work rotations across various areas of the Department. What kind of work will a graduate be involved in? As a graduate, you could work on matters of particular importance to the Prime Minister, current government priorities, social and economic policies, Indigenous affairs and national security. You may also get the chance to work on special taskforces which could include areas of counter-terrorism, CommonwealthState relations, deregulation, womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s policy, cyber security and international delegate events. What kind of benefits can the Department offer graduates? As part of the Graduate Programme you will complete a range of on-the-job training, networking and mentoring opportunities, and tailored learning and development activities.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

OFFICE OF THE AUSTRALIAN I N F O R M AT I O N C O M M I S S I O N E R What is the purpose of the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner? The Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) is an independent statutory agency within the Attorney General’s portfolio. The OAIC brings together in one agency the functions of information policy advice and independent oversight of privacy protection and freedom of information. Its vision is a community in which government information is managed as a national resource and personal information is respected and protected. The OAIC has three primary functions: • privacy functions, conferred by the Privacy Act 1988 (Privacy Act) and other laws • freedom of information functions, in particular, oversight of the operation of the Freedom of Information Act 1982 (FOI Act) and review of decisions made by agencies and ministers under that Act • government information policy functions, conferred on the Australian Information Commissioner under the Australian Information Commissioner Act 2010.

Does the OAIC have any opportunities for law graduates? The OAIC does not have a particular graduate program for law students. However, all OAIC opportunities are advertised at: http://www.oaic.gov.au/aboutus/careers.

What kind of work would a lawyer be involved in at the OAIC? In each of the above areas of work, lawyers at the OAIC investigate and handle complaints, review decisions made under the FOI act and issue determinations, monitor agency administration and provide advice to individuals, businesses and government departments. Lawyers at the OAIC work with a large network of other organisations and committees, both nationally and internationally.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

RESERVE BANK OF AUSTRALIA What is the purpose of the Reserve Bank of Australia? The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is Australia’s central bank. It is an independent, statutory body established under the Reserve Bank Act 1959, which aims to mediate Australia’s economic growth and inflation rates. Its responsibilities include stabilizing the Australian dollar, promoting policies which encourage full employment, and generally, contributing to the economic prosperity and welfare of Australian citizens. When should you apply? Applications for the RBA Graduate Program close on 28 March 2016. For more information, go to: http://www.rba.gov.au/careers/ graduate-careers/graduatedevelopment-program.html

The RBA’s role extends to enforcing monetary policy, controlling the cash rate, regulating payments systems, providing banking services to Australian government agencies and managing Australia’s gold and foreign exchange reserves. Does the RBA have any opportunities for law students? The RBA offers an internship program for economics and finance students. More information can be found here http://www.rba.gov.au/careers/internship-vacationwork.html Does RBA have any opportunities for law graduates? The RBA offers graduates and undergraduates from a wide variety of disciplines the opportunity to work across a diverse range of areas within the organisation. Graduates will need to be well versed in financial and corporations law and may also be required to work in a range of other fields depending on the RBA’s specific requirements. What kind of work will a graduate be involved in? The program is conducted over two years. It includes training and development packages and the opportunity to work with highly skilled professionals. Graduates have rotation opportunities in order to expand their knowledge of various areas of the RBA. The program also includes an orientation week, online induction and compliance training, business skills training, technical training, and professional development training. All graduates are based at the RBA’s Head Office in Sydney.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

T H E T R E A S U RY What is the purpose of the Treasury? The Treasury is a Commonwealth department which acts as the central policy agency with a focus on economic issues and outcomes. The department aims to anticipate future economic issues and analyse current issues, in order to develop sound economic and legal policy and respond to changing and expanding situations. This involves engaging with business, other departments and international stakeholders. The Treasury is engaged in a range of issues, including macroeconomic policy settings, microeconomic reform, climate change, social policy, foreign investment, international agreements and tax law. What kind of work would a lawyer be involved in at the Treasury? There are five key groups within the Treasury. • Fiscal Group: aims to ensure effective government spending and taxation arrangement. • Markets Group: promotes well-functioning markets across the country and internationally. • Macroeconomic Group: develops policy for a sound and effective macroeconomic environment. • Revenue Group: assists in developing effective taxation and retirement income arrangements. • Corporate Strategy and Services Group: provides efficient and effective corporate services, products and advice to the Treasury, Treasury Ministers and other clients. What kind of benefits does the Treasury provide to potential graduates? The Treasury has been recognized as a top graduate employer by the Australian Association of Graduate Employers, and has a comprehensive calendar of social events and activities that take place with the senior executive members. All Graduates are expected to relocate to Canberra.

Does the Treasury have any opportunities for law graduates? The Treasury offers an 18-month Graduate Program for graduates with degrees in law, economics, finance, business, mathematics, statistics and public policy. The program includes three 6-month rotations across separate divisions of the Department. Graduates have the opportunity to be involved in the development of the federal budget, Australia’s involvement in the G20, OECD and IMF meetings, aid and development reviews, foreign investment and trade policy and corporations and tax legislation. When should you apply? Applications for the 2017 Graduate Program are now open and close on 1 May 2016. For more information go to: http://graduates.treasury.gov.au/ graduate-programme/

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Federal Government

NSW CROWN SOLICITOR’S OFFICE What is the purpose of the Crown Solicitor’s Office? The NSW Crown Solicitor’s Office (CSO) provides legal services to the NSW Government and its agencies, and is quite similar to the Australian Government Solicitors.

Do the CSO have any opportunities for law graduates? They have a two year Graduate Solicitor Program that rotates through four Practice Groups, in order to gain exposure across twelve areas of the law. There is access to professional learning and development, and at the end of the program, assuming satisfactory performance, permanent employment can be offered.

The CSO practice in twelve broad areas: administrative law, child protection law, commercial law, community law, constitutional law, coronial law, criminal law, employment law, government law, native title law, property law and tort law. What kind of benefits does the CSO provide to potential employees? CSO staff enjoy excellent employment conditions at our centrally located Sydney office. Not only are working hours flexible, but a healthy work/life balance with access to ongoing training and education, massages, yoga, pilates and counselling services is encouraged.

They also offer paralegal positions to students, which they can do at the same time as the practical legal training component of the law degree. To find out more about vacancies, please contact CSOrecruit@cso. nsw.gov.au.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: State Government

N S W D E PA R T M E N T O F J U S T I C E What is the purpose of the Department of Justice? The Department of Justice delivers legal, court and supervision services to the people of NSW by managing courts and justice services, implementing programs to reduce crime and re-offending, managing custodial and community-based correctional services, protecting rights and community standards and advising on law reform and legal matters. The Department delivers a diverse range of essential services and support to the community of NSW at the point in their lives where they come into contact with either the criminal or civil justice system. What kind of work would a lawyer be involved in at the Department of Justice? Amongst many other things, you could be responsible for: • advising the government on law, justice and legal reforms • administering courts, tribunals and community justice centres • implementing effective intervention and diversionary programs to reduce re-offending risks, prevent crime and divert, support and rehabilitate young and adult offenders • providing support services for victims of crime including counselling, compensation and court support • delivering offence-specific programs relating to violence and sexual offending • providing secure, safe and humane management of juvenile and adult inmates

What kind of opportunities does the Department of Justice offer law students? Justice Strategy and Policy has a summer clerkship which provides a unique opportunity to be involved in formulating government policy, law reform and Parliamentary practice. You will have hands-on involvement in a range of projects from civil to criminal law policy and legislation development. Some of the tasks you may be expected to complete are: • preparing briefing notes for the Attorney General • liaising with stakeholders • conducting in-depth analysis on proposed Bills or policy reform from other Ministers • writing speeches • attending meetings • working with other Government Departments, and • conducting research. When should you apply? Students in their penultimate year can apply.Applications close in July 2016 for the 2016-2017 summer holiday. For more information go to: http://www.justice.nsw.gov. au/justicepolicy/Pages/lpclrd/ lpclrd_clerkship.html,c=y.aspx

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: State Government

NSW LAW REFORM COMMISSION What is the purpose of the NSWLRC?

Who can apply? Students who are in their final year or have recently graduated can apply so long as they are available to work as volunteers on a full-time basis. When should you apply? Applications for the Commission’s 2016 winter internship program close on 11 April 2016. For more information go to: http://www.lawreform. justice.nsw.gov.au/lrc/lrc_ students/lrc_internships.html

The NSWLRC was the first permanent body in Australia charged with the task of proposing changes to the general law. Its functions are very much similar to those of the ALRC but with regard to the state of NSW. It also strives to ensure consistency between Commonwealth and State legislation. What kind of work would you be involved in at the NSWLRC? At the NSWLRC, you would provide legal policy advice to the Government on issues that are referred to them by the Attorney General. They also prepare reports, which comprehensively analyse the issues identified in the reference, and make recommendations to the Government for legislative reform. What kind of opportunities does the NSWLRC offer law students? The NSWLRC offers legal internships over the summer and winter university holidays. It provides an opportunity to work closely with the Commissioners and law reform staff and contribute directly to the law reform proposals. This could include: • undertaking research; • contributing to drafting consultation document; • assisting with consultation process; and • helping draft reports.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: State Government

NSW OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENT AND H E R I TA G E What is the purpose of the Office of Environment and Heritage? The NSW Office of Environment and Heritage works with the community to care for and protect NSW’s environment and heritage. This includes the natural environment, Aboriginal country, culture and heritage, as well as built heritage. The OEH is also the department that develops policy and reform in environmental regulation, sustainability, biodiversity and native vegetation, coastal protection and Aboriginal cultural heritage. This involves supporting the Premier, the Minister for the Environment and the Minister for Heritage in performing their executive and statutory functions. What kind of work would a lawyer be involved in at the OEH?

Does the OEH have any opportunities for law students/ graduates? The Office of Environment and Heritage does not have a formal graduate program, however all vacancies can be found at the jobs nsw website.

The Office of Environment and Heritage consists of seven functional areas: • Policy • National Parks and Wildlife Service • Customer Experience • Regional Operations • Heritage • Science • Legal Services Lawyers in the Legal Services division give advice on legislation administered by OEH and the EPA relating to environment conservation and protection and matters that also affect the operations of OEH and the NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA). Lawyers also conduct litigation on behalf of both OEH and the EPA.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: State Government

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The level of autonomy that I have as a Federal Prosecutor is far beyond what I think you can expect working in most other junior lawyer roles

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CRIMINAL LAW Working as a solicitor in criminal law may prove to be a rewarding, fascinating and exciting career decision. Opportunities arise in both State and Commonwealth prosecution as well defence work in private firms or organisations such as Legal Aid and the Aboriginal Legal Service. Criminal law is a large area of legal practice and one that should appeal to those who are particularly interested in how the law intersects with society. Practitioners in criminal law are not simply limited to practice in advocacy roles, but also engage in policy work, education and justice. A career in criminal law is hugely rewarding, because it brings immense benefits for both the liberty of individuals and the safety of the community.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Criminal Law

OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC PROSECUTIONS What is the purpose of the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions? The Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (ODPP) is NSW’s independent prosecutorial body representing the Crown in criminal proceedings. The ODPP doesn’t investigate crimes, but rather, it conducts the prosecutions on behalf of the community. What kind of work would a lawyer be involved in at the ODPP? ODPP staff are involved in matters across all courts, most commonly trials for indictable offences in the District and Supreme Courts, appeals to these courts, and at the Local Court level through committal hearings. The ODPP is based in Sydney. There are also three Western Sydney offices (Parramatta, Penrith and Campbelltown) and six other regional offices.

When can you apply? Positions are advertised on an ad hoc basis. When available, these positions will be advertised on the JobsNSW website. For further information on the Legal Development Program, email: HumanResources@odpp.nsw. gov.au

What opportunities does the ODPP provide for law graduates? The ODPP runs a 12-month, full time graduate lawyer ‘Legal Development Program’ which can be done as part of your required PLT.The coursework component of the College of Law’s Professional Program must have been completed prior to commencing the program at the ODPP. What kind of benefits does a graduate have at the ODPP? The Legal Development Program offers: • Paid practical legal experience in criminal prosecutions • Ongoing on the job training and access to professional development • Formal feedback and informal networking • An assigned lawyer serving as a mentor • Excellent working conditions with flexible work practices • Challenging work that makes a difference

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Criminal Law

Nicole Noman SC

NSW Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions CROWN PROSECUTOR

What does your role involve? A Crown Prosecutor performs various roles. Most CPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s prosecute jury or judge alone trials in the District and Supreme Courts. We also provide advice to the DPP and may appear in complex or sensitive prosecutions in the Local Court or bail hearings in the Supreme Court. Currently I am one of a small number of CPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s who appear in appeals to the Court of Criminal Appeal. These are appeals against sentence or conviction or interlocutory appeals. What attracted you to work at the ODPP? I commenced as a solicitor in the ODPP. Initially this entailed instructing in trials but progressed to appearances in the Local and District Court in hearings and sentences. I liked the opportunities offered within the public service which I perceived as providing more scope for training and professional development with a strong support network. I applied for entry level positions at both Legal Aid and the ODPP. The ODPP was offered first. I was fortunate enough to be provided with a career path. On reflection, I suspect I am more suitable to prosecuting than defending. Being in a larger organisation has offered varied pathways to pursue a career. I elected advocacy, however, there is scope for other roles focussing on research, management or instructing. This flexibility was attractive. What is the most rewarding part of your role? One of the rewarding parts is addressing a jury at the end of a trial and observing that they comprehend and are amendable to an argument on the evidence. The most rewarding though is interacting with witnesses and victims. Most of these persons have had no previous involvement with the legal system. Many are traumatised and vulnerable. It is particularly satisfying to minimise the impact of this involvement and to ensure they leave court after giving their evidence feeling that 36

they were given an opportunity to give their evidence as best they could. I have met some truly remarkable and courageous people. As a lawyer, why would you recommend your current workplace over other career options? I have worked as a lawyer for 28 years. Most of this time has been stimulating and rewarding. It is a workplace that has enabled me both as a solicitor and barrister to do what I am passionate about. I love crime books, crime TV, and working in criminal law. I always knew my career would take this direction. I would not attempt to persuade anyone to follow this option over others; students should know if this is their calling. No further recommendation is required! I believe that you should not merely fall into the option in the absence of a genuine passion. What advice would you give to students interested in working at the ODPP? It is highly competitive to secure employment at the ODPP. Ensure that an applicant undertake voluntary work at legal centres, that they sit in court during criminal matters to be familiar with the jurisdictions and proceedings or consider time as an associate to a judge. Assisting solicitors or barristers in trials during vacation is another avenue. It is essential that an applicant be able to demonstrate some experience in the criminal jurisdiction. Also, the fundamental requirement that they have an impressive academic record.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Criminal Law

C O M M O N W E A LT H D I R E C T O R O F PUBLIC PROSECUTIONS What is the purpose of the Commonwealth Department of Public Prosecutions? The Office of the Commonwealth Department of Public Prosecutions (CDPP) is an independent prosecution service established to prosecute alleged offences against Commonwealth law. The CDPP falls within the Attorney-General’s portfolio, but operates independently of political processes. What kind of work would a lawyer be involved in at the CDPP? The CDPP practises in several areas of law including: • Commercial, Financial & Corruption • Revenue & Benefits Fraud • International Assistance & Specialist Agencies • Organised Crime & Counter Terrorism • Illegal Imports & Exports • Human Exploitation & Border Protection

Does the CDPP have any opportunities for law graduates? The CDPP does not currently have opportunities for graduates. However, to keep updated with work opportunities in the Commonwealth DPP, visit http://www.cdpp.gov.au

Lawyers at the Commonwealth DPP are also involved in extradition and mutual assistance work, assisting in the investigation and prosecution of transnational and international crime. Furthermore, lawyers assist in publications, law reform work and maintain a limited role in criminal confiscation. The organisation employs approximately 450 staff across Australia, in both legal and support positions.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Criminal Law

M e n a k a Va s u d e v a n

Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions FEDERAL PROSECUTOR

What does your role involve? As a Federal Prosecutor with the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions (CDPP) my role has two main components—case work and advocacy. The case work component involves assessing briefs referred to us by partner agencies in line with the Prosecution Policy of the Commonwealth in order to make a recommendation on whether the CDPP should proceed with prosecution, and which charges. The advocacy component is the next step. Once a decision has been made to proceed with prosecution I initiate proceedings and will usually appear for the prosecution as the matter proceeds through the courts. To date I’ve appeared at the Local Court and Supreme Court levels in the ACT and NSW. In addition to this, my role also involves client liaison work. This is primarily with referring agencies, to help them bridge the gap between their investigative or enforcement functions and our function as prosecutors. What attracted you to work atthe CDPP? I was attracted to the work of the CDPP for a number of reasons. One of these was the opportunity to use my law degree to work in the public interest. I was also really interested in developing my advocacy skills and legal analysis. Being a Federal Prosecutor requires engaging very closely with the law and the rules of evidence, and ensuring you keep up to date with the latest amendments and decisions. I find work at the CDPP involves a lot of critical legal thinking, and that was something that I really enjoyed at law school.

possible sentence. For me, it’s about working in a highly ethical way to achieve an outcome that is in the public interest. As a lawyer, why would you recommend your current workplace over other career options? The level of autonomy that I have had as a Federal Prosecutor is far beyond what I think you can expect working in most other junior lawyer roles. I have my own practice and get to apply my own analysis and judgment to matters within this. Having responsibility for the carriage of matters from day one has been challenging but has definitely accelerated my development as a lawyer. It’s also a really collaborative and friendly workplace. In my experience at the CDPP I have found that everyone takes their responsibility as a prosecutor seriously and is interested in achieving a just outcome for all parties. What advice would you give to students interested in working at the CDPP? Consider applying to one of our regional offices. The CDPP has a national practice model and there’s lots of really interesting work to be had outside of the larger offices. Roles are advertised on www.apsjobs.gov.au, so if you’re interested in working here keep an eye on that site.

What is the most rewarding part of your role? The most rewarding aspect of my role is assisting the court to come to the right outcome in a matter. And this doesn’t mean getting the greatest number of convictions or the harshest 38

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Criminal Law

LEGAL AID What is the purpose of Legal Aid? Legal Aid provides legal services to disadvantaged clients across NSW in most areas of criminal, family and civil law. Services include: • Free confidential face-to-face legal advice on most issues • Legal representation for eligible clients, provided through duty services and case grants for ongoing representation • Family dispute resolution services to parties in a family law dispute • Free workshops and webinars for the public and community organisations • Free legal information written in plain English to help people resolve their legal problems What does Legal Aid look for in a potential employee? On top of the basic eligibility, Legal Aid NSW are looking for applicants who: • Are good communicators and highly motivated to work in a diverse and challenging work environment • Are committed and sensitive to the needs of our disadvantaged client groups in a social justice environment • Can demonstrate initiative, adaptability and problem solving skills • Are committed to offering excellent customer service and working in a team in a high volume work environment

When can you apply? Applications for 2017 Career Development Program close towards the end of 2016. Further information and enquiries about the CDP should be directed to: Mark Rosalky Project Officer – Criminal Law Division mark.rosalky@legalaid.nsw.gov.au For information or assistance regarding the Judge Bob Bellear Legal Careers Pathways Program please contact: Janelle Clarke Senior Project Officer, Aboriginal Services Unit, Legal Aid NSW janelle.clarke@legalaid.nsw.gov.au (02) 9219 5146

Does Legal Aid have any opportunities for law graduates? Legal Aid NSW offers a Career Development Program, and the Judge Bob Bellear Legal Careers Pathways Program. The Career Development Program offers successful applicants a chance to be involved in challenging work for Legal Aid NSW. The CDP is structured over two years, and is designed to develop competencies to achieve success in a legal career. Applicants must have completed their LLB (or equivalent) from an accredited body and be eligible to hold a current NSW Practising Certificate with less than 12 months post admission legal work experience. The Judge Bob Bellear Legal Careers Pathways Program is administered by the Aboriginal Services Unit within Legal Aid NSW. It offers a range of programs, including career development and cadetships for Aboriginal law students and graduates. Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Criminal Law

PUBLIC DEFENDERS OFFICE What is the purpose of the Public Defenders Office?

What opportunities are available at the Public Defenders for students? Public Defenders offer unpaid practical legal training for law graduates passionate about social justice and criminal law. There is a paid temporary intern position lasting 6 months available for Aboriginal law graduates wishing to complete their practical legal training. The aim of this program is to help Aboriginal law graduates meet the professional practical training requirements to enable them to practice as a solicitor or barrister, or gain employment in some other legal position.

Public Defenders are statutorily appointed barristers, independent of the government, who act for legally aided clients charged with serious criminal offences. They are regarded as one of the leading floors of criminal barristers in NSW. They appear as defence counsel, mostly in the District, Supreme and appellate courts. Much of their work involves some of the most serious criminal cases in the state, including charges of murder, manslaughter, serious assault, sexual assault, drug trafficking, people smuggling and terrorism.

The availability of this program depends on annual funding from the Attorney Generalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Department and the availability of suitable candidates. Candidates for the program are nominated either by their law lecturer via the Dean of Law at their University, or under the NSW Bar Associationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Equal Opportunity program in consultation with the Dean of Law at the relevant University. Any enquiries about work opportunities should be directed to: ruth_heazlewood@ agd.nsw gov.au

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Criminal Law

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It is satisfying to know that you are not just using the law to help your client, but to achieve a broader goal that will benefit the public as a whole.

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C O M P E N S AT I O N LAW Law firms and small practices working in compensation and personal injury law aim to defend the rights of individuals, often making important changes to Australian law. The practice area covers a wide range of legal issues including motor accidents, workers compensation, public liability and negligence. Lawyers working for clients take on their case when they have suffered a type of injury and then commence proceedings against a defendant and may involve going to a trial or settling the claim through mediation.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Compensation Law

MAURICE BLACKBURN What does Maurice Blackburn do?

Does Maurice Blackburn have any opportunities for law graduates? Maurice Blackburn offers a twelve month Graduate Program for law graduates in NSW, which allows them to learn and experience practically while providing structured learning opportunities to supplement this. The Graduate Program applications typically open in August and commence the following February. More information on the Program is available at: https://www. mauriceblackburn.com.au/ careers/clerkships-graduates/

Maurice Blackburn are a long standing and leading law firm that have specialised in social justice cases and issues since 1919. They have been involved in highly significant cases that have fought for the rights of individuals and positively changed Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s legal landscape, including fighting for the 40 hour work week and patenting human genes. They also run unique programs such as HeLP, a program that recognises the correlation between patients with health and legal issues. What kind of work would a lawyer be involved in at Maurice Blackburn? Working at Maurice Blackburn could involve defending and representing clients on a number of compensation issues and insurance claims. Lawyers at the firm work and specialise in areas such as asbestos, motor vehicle and military compensation. They also provide justice on larger and more publicised cases of social justice, including equal pay and Aboriginal rights. What kind of benefits does Maurice Blackburn provide to potential employees? Maurice Blackburn provides graduates with the opportunity to work in a firm with a long history of commitment to issues of social justice and protecting rights. Graduates will be working with and learning from respected lawyers. Maurice Blackburn places value on the work/life balance and also has a strong commitment towards the learning and development of their employees, and in particular the mentoring and development of women.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Compensation Law

SHINE LAWYERS What does Shine Lawyers do? Shine Lawyers is a firm that operates with over 40 offices, in a wide variety of areas, to aid people in areas of law such as medical negligence, disaster recovery and insurance claims. They also take on larger cases of importance for individuals and groups and have dealt with a number of landmark cases. Shine Lawyers prides itself on focusing on their clientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs and helping them through the complex legal system, whilst operating at a minimal cost. What kind of benefits does Shine Lawyers provide to potential employees? As well as providing an opportunity for graduates to work in an environment focused on social justice and human rights, Shine Lawyers provides its Shine Centre of Learning to employees, where they are able to learn and develop personally and professionally in a bushland setting.

Does Shine Lawyers have any opportunities for law graduates? Shine does not have any particular opportunities for law graduates, however they provide employment opportunities as legal assistants, paralegals and law clerks, with opportunities for development to higher positions in the organisation. Look for more information on working for Shine and their availabilities at www. shine.com.au/careers.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Compensation Law

S L AT E R A N D G O R D O N What does Slater and Gordon do?

Does Slater and Gordon have any opportunities for law graduates? Graduate Traineeship Program – For 12 months law graduates complete their PLT whilst working full time within one of the firm’s many practice areas. Graduates work closely with senior practitioners and work on complex matters and projects. For more information click here. Seasonal/Summer Clerkships – The firm has previously accepted seasonal clerks, however the availability of this program varies from year-to-year. For further information queries should be sent to seasonalclerks@ slatergordon.com.au

Slater and Gordon is an international consumer law firm which operates in both Australia and the United Kingdom. It aims to offer accessible legal services across a broad range of practice areas such as liability and compensation law, family law, conveyancing, will and estate planning. The Business and Specialised Litigation Services division undertakes cases related to commercial, estate and professional negligence litigation. The firm also has experience running large scale class actions. What does Slater and Gordon look for in a potential employee? The firm welcomes candidates who are both energetic and enthusiastic. Employees must be able to work well with others, be willing to take the lead, and be committed to providing services right the first time. What kind of benefits does Slater and Gordon provide to potential employees? At Slater and Gordon staff receive training and development through attendance at external seminars and conferences as well as internal initiatives such as The Learning and Development Program. Simultaneously, the firm aims to enable a work/life balance, and staff are also encouraged to ‘give back’ to the community, and are able to take up to two days volunteering leave.

Legal Assistants – These assistants provide secretarial support to Slater and Gordon solicitors, with clear opportunities for professional development. For further information see here or call the Recruitment Team on 03 9949 8760.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Compensation Law

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Being a public interest lawyer is endlessly rewarding.

PUBLIC INTEREST LAW Community organisations such as community legal centres and not for profit organisations rely significantly on support from their volunteers, without whom much of the work that they do cannot be done. Volunteering not only gives you a greater sense of self-satisfaction and contributing to something bigger in the social justice field, but also fantastic perspectives on the work that different organisations do and structures in the workplace. Moreover, volunteer tasks are often practical, dynamic and challenging, where the experience teaches skills that are often extremely valuable and transferrable for your future paid roles.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Public Interest Law

ABORIGINAL LEGAL SERVICE What is the purpose of the Aboriginal Legal Service?

Does the ALS have any opportunities for law students? The ALS run a student legal volunteer program, where students are able to work closely with ALS solicitors and staff to understanding the workings of Criminal Law or Children’s Care and Protection Law in an Aboriginal community organisation setting. Students receive fantastic hands on training in legal research, drafting submissions, drafting letters and court documents, attending court with solicitors, preparing briefs for counsel, instructing in trials, administrative tasks and preparing matters for Supreme Court Bails. All ALS offices have capacity to hold student volunteers.

The Aboriginal Legal Service undertakes work in Criminal Law, Children’s Care and Protection Law and Family Law for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients through representation in court, advice and information and referral to further support services. On top of this is their work other initiatives such as the Custody Notification Service and educational programs. What kind of work would a lawyer be involved in at the ALS? Lawyers at the Aboriginal Legal Service can work in a variety of practice areas, such as Criminal law, Family law and Care and Protection law. Lawyers also provide information and referrals for Civil law, Work and Development Orders, and the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse. ALS also operate Australia’s only Custody Notification Service, a 24-hour legal advice and RU OK phone line for Aboriginal people taken into police custody. As a criminal lawyer, your responsibilities could involve: • List work • Giving early legal advice to clients on the Custody Notification Service • Short matters • Defended Hearings • Committal Proceedings • District Court Appeals and Sentences • District Court Trials (instructing counsel and appearing as an advocate in consultation with supervisors) • Coronial Inquests

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Public Interest Law

John Song

Aboriginal Legal Service VOLUNTEER

Why did you want to work at ALS? I believe that lawyers bear a special responsibility in ensuring that everybody has an equal access to justice. For this reason I greatly admired the work done by the ALS. Despite their severe shortage of funds, the ALS is committed to provide a high-quality legal service to some of the most oppressed and marginalised people of society. For these strong values of justice and compassion, I was drawn to volunteer at the ALS.Their focus on criminal law was another reason I wanted to work there. It is the area of law I want to pursue in the future. What was the selection process and what are some things you found challenging about this process? I called up both the Parramatta and Redfern Offices to get the information required on how to apply, expressed my interest, they then emailed me the application requirements and a few forms to fill out. I emailed my expressions of interest to both office managers - (Application form, CV, Transcript, written references.) I then received an email back to confirm an interview date. There is generally a specific time when the ALS takes in volunteers. I.e. They will interview 10-20 people over a couple of weeks. The number they take really depends on how many volunteers they need at that time. In my case, I applied mid July, had my interview early August, started work early September. They don’t really advertise. Like any other application process, being on top of the dates is crucial. What kind of work can other students expect in this type of role? Students will be exposed to a large cross section of the community. Students will correspond with a diverse range of people including clients, family members, police, gaols, the DPP, rehab centres, hospitals, psychologists, Courts, barristers and various other professionals. Duties range from assisting solicitors in the District, Local and Children’s Courts; legal research; instructing in trials; preparing documents such as affidavits, subpoenas and correspondence; preparing briefs for Counsel;

handling client enquiries; preparing Supreme Court bail applications; administrative tasks and file management. Students will also drive around the city in a sleek Holden Cruze to pick up and drop off files! What is the most interesting part of your role? I instructed in a trial with one of the senior solicitors. It was an interesting experience as I got to see the trial process unfold. It consisted of going through the brief, watching the CCTV, doing legal research, visiting the client in gaol and attending consecutive days at Parramatta District Court. I also got to see just how skilled and committed the solicitors at the ALS are. Not only are they compassionate, they are sacrificially hard working, extremely knowledgeable and highly skilled at their job. I believe that their work will continue to engage with the deep systematic issues in the Aboriginal community. What kind of advice would you give to future students wishing to apply in the future? If you have an earnest desire for social justice, just apply! When I applied, I didn’t have a lot to offer. I had minimal prior legal experience. My marks were (and still are) pretty average. The ALS took me in, gave me a little training, and chucked me in the deep end. Expect to be confronted with a sharp learning curve. Working at the ALS kept things in perspective. It kept me grounded on reality. As law students, we’re quick to worry and get anxious about jobs, status etc. The ALS allowed me to reflect just how narrow my thinking can get. There are some real and serious issues in the community. Some of the cases are quite confronting. Get as involved in it as much as you can. Get your hands dirty. Your experience at the ALS may be much more than you bargain for!

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Public Interest Law

AURORA PROJECT What is the purpose of the Aurora Project?

Who can apply? Amongst other things, selection for the legal internship require that students: have a strong academic record have an interest in the area of native title, social justice and Indigenous affairs have strong cultural awareness and sensitivity are currently enrolled in, or have completed, the Property Law component of your legal studies When should you apply? Applications for the July intake close on 1 April 2016. Applications for the summer intake will be open mid-year.

The Aurora Project was established in 2006 as a result of a report into the professional development needs of lawyers at Native Title Representative Bodies. Since establishment, Aurora has expanded to encompass other projects in the broader area of indigenous education and indigenous affairs. With funding from the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (PM&C), the Native Title Unit of the Attorney General’s Department and Rio Tinto, along with support from other organisations, Aurora provides training, professional development, internships, placements, scholarships and other services to support staff working at Native Title Representative Bodies. Does the Aurora Project have any opportunities for law students? The Aurora Project run a Legal Internship program where internships and placements are available to more than 85 other organisations working in the area of policy development, social justice and Indigenous affairs generally. What kind of work would an intern be involved in? Most internships at Native Title Representative Bodies involve native title and land rights-related work, but the work may also cover anything from constitutional law to local government regulations. Internships at other organisations could encompass a wider range of issues relating to social justice, policy development and Indigenous affairs more generally. The work completed by legal interns in the past have included: • Legal research • Preparation of briefs to counsel • Preparation of submissions to government • Preparation of affidavits • Drafting of consent determinations, court documents • Attending and taking minutes at claimant group and other meetings

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Public Interest Law

COMMUNITY LEGAL CENTRES What is the purpose of Community Legal Centres? Community Legal Centres (CLCs) are independent organisations that provide free legal advice and related services to disadvantaged individuals. Each CLC differs in its focus with many catering their services towards a specific sector of the community, but generally each undertakes duties such as giving advice, representation, community education, reform and policy. Their long-term objective is to achieve systematic structural change towards a more equitable, fair and accessible legal system. What kind of work would a lawyer be involved in at a Community Legal Centre? Work would involve providing legal services to individuals who are experiencing economic, social or cultural disadvantage. Work would also involve consulting the broader community to ensure that services are tailored to be both accessible and appropriate. There are several positions offered in a CLC, including solicitor, caseworker, researcher as well as community education and liaison officer. Each of these roles involves collaboration with social workers, the government, Legal Aid and other community partners to achieve the best outcomes for social justice and accessibility. What does a CLC look for in a potential employee?

Do CLCs have any opportunities for law graduates? Opportunities available to graduates differ. Interested candidates should seek more information from the websites of individual CLCs. The National Association of Community Legal Centres provides an opportunity for graduates to complete their PLT in regional, rural or remote Australia, with a choice of over 55 legal assistance services. Graduates must meet eligibility criteria, create a registration profile and complete an online application.

Potential employees should hold the core values and interests of CLC lawyering namely social justice, active community engagement and response to community needs, and the belief that change can be affected on a case-by-case basis. What kind of benefits does a CLC provide to potential employees? A CLC offers a challenging and rewarding work environment comprised of urban, rural and remote settings. Employees are able to actively contribute to community development and legal education, as well as working to empower local communities and protect human rights.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Public Interest Law

N S W E N V I R O N M E N TA L DEFENDERS OFFICE What is the purpose of the Environmental Defenders Office?

Does the EDO have any opportunities for law graduates? If so, what role would a graduate have? The EDO does not have a set out graduate program, however they do provide volunteer opportunities for lawyers, graduates completing their Practical Legal Training and law students who have studied environmental law. This role would involve legal research, assisting in the preparation of court documents and drafting letters and legal advices, assisting solicitors in case work and litigation, engaging in public interest environmental work for a broad scope of clients, drafting submissions and assisting solicitors in the preparation of educational materials for the community. Interested students can find the volunteer application form, as well as jobs as they become available at: http://www.edonsw.org.au/join_ us

The Environmental Defenders Office (EDO) is a community legal centre specialising in public interest environmental law. They work in the community by providing engagement and support to environmental legal cases. They provide and draw experience from a broad range of perspectives and disciplines to provide successful legal outcomes, and specialise in engaging rural, regional, Aboriginal and South Pacific communities. What kind of work would a lawyer be involved in at the EDO? Lawyers at the EDO are involved in providing legal advice to a variety of groups and communities, running legal workshops tailored to the needs of the community and their specific environmental issues. They also provide legal assistance to organisations in the South pacific on environmental litigation, policy and law reform, and support the learning and training of lawyers in this region. Additionally, lawyers at the EDO are active in contributing to environmental policy development and reform through government submissions and proactive consultancy projects. What kind of benefits does EDO provide to potential employees? Working for the EDO provides a multifaceted experience of the environmental law field and exposure to a multidisciplinary work environment.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Public Interest Law

Jemilah Hallinan

NSW Environment Defenders Office LEGAL OUTREACH DIRECTOR

What’s working in Environmental Law like? Environmental law is extremely complex and challenging. There are over 40 environmental Acts at the State level alone, not to mention Federal and International laws and local regulations as well. These laws are always changing so environmental lawyers are constantly learning and re-learning the law. While there is a lot to know, it never gets boring and is usually very interesting. At the EDO NSW we are public interest lawyers and this adds an extra dimension to the way we practice environmental law. Being a public interest lawyer is endlessly rewarding. It is satisfying to know that you are not just using the law to help your client, but to achieve a broader goal that will benefit the public as a whole.

What are the best things about working in Environmental Law? All lawyers will appreciate that the law can be a powerful tool for change. At EDO NSW, our job is to help people to use the law to protect the environment. This requires very creative lawyering and often involves testing the limits of what the law can achieve. At EDO NSW we also get to work with very inspiring clients who care deeply about the environment and want to do all they can to ensure it is protected to the fullest extent possible. We provide the expertise on the law, but a lot of the hard work is done by our clients and it’s a privilege to work with them to help them achieve their goals.

Are there any particular attributes you need? It really depends on where you’re working. To be a public interest environmental lawyer, it helps to be passionate about what you’re doing. The work needs to be its own reward because you’re definitely not going to be earning the big bucks that you could be earning in private practice. As with all legal jobs, it helps to be a strategic thinker, to have an eye for detail and to be a very good communicator. It’s also important to be prepared to work long hours when needed and to manage large workloads. What advice do you have for students interested in Environmental Law? Study environmental law and administrative law and then inquire about volunteering at EDO NSW. There are also lots of firms that practice environmental law – although EDO NSW is the only public interest environmental law centre. Volunteering will help you get a feel for what it’s like to be an environmental lawyer and decide whether it’s for you. Also, check out the Land and Environment Court for tipstaff positions.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Public Interest Law

REFUGEE ADVICE AND CASEWORK SERVICE What is the purpose of the Refugee Advice and Casework Service? Does RACS have any opportunities for law students? There are different ways you can contribute to RACS as a volunteer. RACS have positions for student volunteers, events volunteers and volunteer interpreters.

The Refugee Advice and Casework Service (RACS) is a not-for-profit refugee legal service, providing expert advice and casework assistance to financially disadvantaged individuals seeking asylum both in the community and in immigration detention. This organisation is also actively involved in policy reform, public education, and advocacy.

Grace Di Giorgio

Refugee Advice & Casework Service VOLUNTEER

Why did you want to work at RACS? I wanted to gain an insight into working in a legal centre and having the opportunity to work directly with solicitors and clients. I am also passionate about this type of work and wanted to provide assistance to help clients them achieve their outcomes. What was the selection process like? The application for the UNSW Law Internship was relatively straight-forward and is done through the Faculty. To apply, students are required to submit a 500 word statement regarding why they would like to work at their organisation and why they would make a valuable contribution to it. What kind of work can other students expect in this type of role? The work required is varied and students can expect to perform administrative tasks, talk with clients in detention centres and in the 52

community, research international affairs and work directly with solicitors on specific tasks. RACS is also a very social, accepting and cooperative place to work. What is the most interesting part of your role? After a few weeks at RACS I had gained an insight into how the policy works not only administratively, but how it affects people in their day to day lives. While this was at times confronting, it was a very interesting aspect of working at RACS. Additionally, I did a lot of country-specific research, so was able to gain an insight into the socio-political environment of countries such as Sri Lanka and Afghanistan. What kind of advice would you give to future students wishing to apply to RACS? Do it! Not only is working at RACS an interesting and rewarding experience, it is also a friendly and supportive environment.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Public Interest Law

PUBLIC INTEREST ADVOCACY CENTRE What is the purpose of Public Interest Advocacy Centre? The Public Interest Advocacy Centre (PIAC) is an independent, non-profit law and policy organisation, dedicated to providing legal assistance, policy advice and training. It works with individuals who are economically and socially disadvantaged, such as those who are homeless, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, and children in detention. What kind of work would a lawyer be involved in at PIAC? In the ‘Litigation’ division lawyers may be involved in providing advice and representation in cases related to discrimination, consumer protection, administrative law and constitutional matters. In the ‘Policy’ division work includes research, working with both state and federal government and other decision makers to improve laws, policies and procedures. In the ‘Training’ division PIAC employees provide customised training programs to organisations which may cover areas such as ‘the law for non-lawyers’ and ‘human rights’. What kind of benefits does PIAC provide to potential employees?

Does PIAC have any opportunities for law graduates? Although there are no specific graduate programs PIAC has a “Careers” hub on their website where all vacant positions are advertised. Interested applicants should visit this page for current opportunities http://www.piac. asn.au/about/careers

There are opportunities to work on test cases or class actions, and employees are able to work in an environment where promoting social justice is a core objective.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Public Interest Law

S A LV O S L E G A L What is the purpose of Salvos Legal?

Does Salvos Legal have any opportunities for law graduates? Salvos Legal offers an opportunity for graduates to complete their PLT training within the firm. The Volunteer Expression of Interest Form should be completed and emailed, together with your CV and cover letter, to volunteercoordinator@ salvoslegal.com.au. Applications are considered on a quarterly basis and you will be contacted if successful. Full time positions are offered through their internship program, which are advertised on the College of Law Website as they become available. For more information see http://www.salvoslegal.com. au/careers What role would a graduate have? Graduates would be expected to meet and greet clients, answer telephones, assist the office manager and solicitors with administrative tasks, retrieve and file client files, as well as complete limited legal research. A graduate would be mentored by experienced administrators, solicitors and migration agents.

Salvos Legal provide advice in commercial and property law and use the fees charged to fund the operation of their sister firm, Salvos Legal Humanitarian, which provides free legal help to the disadvantaged and marginalised. Both firms strive to provide outstanding legal services to all persons, without prejudice, in order to initiate systemic change in the availability of justice. What kind of work would a lawyer be involved in at Salvos Legal? In the commercial firm a lawyer is involved in providing quality legal advice in transactional matters, including commercial and property law, conveyancing, wills and estates. In the humanitarian firm a lawyer would work with vulnerable members of the community to solve legal problems which may involve participation in cases which raise questions about human rights. What does Salvos Legal look for in a potential employee? A potential employee should be able to demonstrate an alignment with the firmâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s core values, which include professionalism, integrity and a commitment to advancing social justice. What kind of benefits does Salvos Legal provide to potential employees? Salvos Legal provides an opportunity for employees to participate in community development and positively affect the lives of individuals.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: Public Interest Law

THE BAR & THE JUDICIARY Becoming a Barrister There are several prerequisites for practising at the Bar: 1. Admissions as a lawyer in an Australian jurisdiction This involves finishing a law degree and completing practical legal training. 2. Passing the NSW Bar Examination This is one integrated exam which covers advocacy, legal ethics for barristers, aspects of evidence, and practice and procedure for barristers. This exam is offered twice a year in February and June, and a mark of 75 per cent must be obtained to pass. 3. Complete the Reading Programme This is a 12 month period where a new barrister must remain under the supervision of at least one experienced barrister and complete a number of requirements including 10 days of civil and 10 days of criminal reading. For more information go to: http://www.nswbar.asn.au/ coming-to-the-bar Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: The Bar & The Judiciary

N S W B A R A S S O C I AT I O N What is the NSW Bar?

Does the Bar have any opportunities for law students? No barrister work entirely alone, thus it is possible to contact individual barristers directly to see if they are interested in a research assistant. A list of barristers can be found at http:// find-a-barrister.nswbar.asn.au/

The NSW Bar is the professional association for barristers. Barristers are ‘in-court’ advocates who specialise in appearing before judges and making oral arguments. However, they are not attached to law firms and instead accept ‘briefs’ from many different clients. Barristers tend to specialise in particular areas of practice. What kind of benefits does the Bar provide? Barristers essentially work for themselves, although they often share office space (known as ‘Chambers’) with other barristers. This means that Barristers manage their own time and workload.

It is possible to enter the Bar at any age once the exams and other criteria have been met. However, as graduates are likely to have limited experience and contacts in the field it is generally unadvisable to enter the Bar immediately upon graduating.

Michael Seck 6 St James Hall BARRISTER What does your role involve?

What is most rewarding about your role?

Drafting court documents and preparing for and appearing at hearings; giving specialist advice on areas of expertise.

The intellectual challenge of preparing and advocating an interesting case.

What attracted you to work at the Bar? Autonomy to run my own business and advocating interesting cases and legal issues. I reached a stage of my career where I didn’t want to be a partner in a law firm which involves business development and accountability to others.

Why would you recommend your current workplace over other career options? You work for yourself and you’re rewarded on merit. What advice would you give to students interested in a career at the Bar? Work as a judge’s associate and then work as a solicitor in litigation practice for 3 years.

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: The Bar & The Judiciary

T I P S TAV E S A N D A S S O C I AT E S H I P S What does an associate or tipstaff role involve? The position of a Judge’s Associate/Tipstaff generally involves a law graduate acting as a combination of personal assistant and research assistant to a specific Judge. The role also includes assisting in the preparation of judgements. The specific work and activities an associate/tipstaff undertakes is largely at the discretion of their appointing Judge. Appointment is generally for one year.

When do you apply? The application process should be commenced at the beginning of a student’s final year of study (if not sooner): •

High Court – has no specific closing dates and Justices may consider associate appointments two to three years in advance. For more information, go here: http://www.hcourt.gov.au/ employment/applying-for-anassociateship-with-a-justiceof-the-high-court-of-australia

•

Federal Court – applications are generally not advertised as the selection of associates is conducted by individual Judges. Associates are generally appointed 18 months in advance. For more information, go here: http:// www.fedcourt.gov.au/about/ employment/associates

•

Supreme Court – Positions of an Associate, Tipstaff and Researcher are available. Applications are taken at any time in the year and are kept on file, and considered when a vacancy arises. For more information, go here: http://www.supremecourt. justice.nsw.gov.au/Pages/ sco2_aboutus/sco2_careers. aspx#tipstaff_roles

What kind of benefit does this type of position provide? Associates/Tipstaff are exposed to a wide range of work, both inside and out of Court, and in doing so, become intimately familiar with court documents, processes and procedures. Working as an associate in the High Court, Federal Court and Court of Appeal offers an invaluable insight into Australia’s most complex legal issues. At the Supreme Court similar experiences are available, but in addition practical skills related to the conduct of trials can also be learnt. Importantly, associates have the opportunity to work alongside some of the country’s leading barristers, solicitors and Judges. How do you apply to this type of role? Associate/Tipstaff positions are highly competitive. For example, the High Court generally requires that students have graduated with First Class Honours. Although there are no uniform procedure through which to obtain one of these positions, the ALSA publishes a specific guide detailing the Associateship experience. Find it here: http://alsa.net.au/publications/#publications2

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: The Bar & The Judiciary 57

Mary Azzi

Supreme Court of New South Wales TIPSTAFF What does your role involve? My role involves assisting my judge with legal and administrative tasks. Outside of court, I spend time proofing judgments and completing research tasks for my judge. Of course, there are also the routine (but essential) tasks of collecting the mail, filing documents and updating those monstrous looking looseleaf services. If we are sitting in court, I will collect any relevant authorities prior to the hearing and set up the courtroom on the morning the matter is listed. It’s important to be yourself and be honest to the judge, both in your application and interview. If you’re worried that you won’t get an interview (or the job), remember that you’ve got nothing to lose! If you’re thinking of applying, it’s important to contact the associates of the judges you would like to work for very early in the year, as many judges hire their tippies by March/April. However, some judges review applications later in the year. Applications typically include a CV, cover letter, academic transcript and written references. If you can’t get written references before a specific deadline, some chambers might be happy for you to submit a list of referees and their phone numbers – you’d have to check with the associate. What are some of the challenges of your role? Research tasks on areas of law that I am unfamiliar with are always interesting and challenging. These tasks have given me opportunities to develop my research skills and learn research techniques which I didn’t learn at uni. The challenging tasks always tend to be the most interesting.

what goes on ‘behind-the-scenes’. Judges are vastly experienced and are a vital part of the legal system and there is so much you can learn from them. One of the best parts of the role is the opportunity to sit and observe cases on a variety of subject matters. It’s the perfect way to transition into your career if you’re not sure quite sure what you want to do, or if you want to be a barrister or litigator. The great part about working in the common law division is observing cases at trial and appellate level. So far, my judge has sat in the Court of Criminal Appeal, spent time as duty judge and heard civil matters across a broad range of topics. By sitting in court and watching matters from start to finish, you learn a great deal about what to do - and not to do - in practice. You learn what a well-organised court book looks like. You get to meet and liaise with registry staff, which can go a long way in your career. You learn the rules of court etiquette. You get to see great written submissions and some that aren’t so great. Lastly, the role involves lots of learning. I have made mistakes (and freaked out!) and learnt from them with the support of my judge and associate. From learning the ins and outs of a niche area of law to figuring out a search trick on LexisNexis or seeing the criminal trial process in action, you’ll constantly be discovering new things!

Why would you recommend other UNSW Law students apply to this role? There are lots of reasons to apply to work as a tippie. A great aspect of the job is the privilege of working closely with a judge and seeing 58

Careers in Government & Public Interest Law: The Bar & The Judiciary

CHAPTER 2

P R E PA R I N G F O R T H E A P P L I C AT I O N Applying for jobs in the public sector is dictated by different requirements that are not found in the private sector. If this is the first time being exposed this application process, you should be prepared to spend some time preparing an application that meets all the necessary selection criteria. You should also not underestimate the importance of addressing the selection criteria in a public sector role as it is the most critical part of applying for any government job and overseeing this step may mean your application is overlooked. This guide will

help assist you in how you approach your application of a public sector job, with three levels of government and a variety of jobs within each structure, each job application will come with different criteria and requirements. Your application must include all the information specified in the application kit which may include: • a cover letter including a summary of your skills and abilities and what job you are applying for, and; • a coversheet; • a copy of your CV (or resume);

• a statement addressing the selection criteria; and • contact details for your referees

Tips and hints An application kit is a detailed guide on what to submit with your application. This should give you a brief summary of the department, the application form, instructions, the selection criteria, and other information. You should be able to find the application kit can on the company’s website or in the job advertisement.

How do I write my responses? Government employers are looking for applicants who use the STAR (Situation, Task, Action, Result) model in their applications. To follow this model, you must provide information on the following:

Situation

Task

Action

Results

Provide a brief outline of the situation in which you worked

Outline what you did

Describe how you did it

List the outcomes

Applying for jobs: Preparing the application

There is no guide as to how long responses should be as some organisations and departments do not want any more than a paragraph per criterion but others do not have a limit. As a guide, keep to about 250 words per criterion and try to be as concise as possible. Despite this, you should always be precise and relevant in the information you provide (e.g. ‘organising meetings with 40 attendees’ rather than ‘large attendance’). Show clearly how your skills and experience meet the key selection criteria using examples to demonstrate your abilities.

SELECTION CRITERIA Selection criteria Selection criteria include the skills, abilities, knowledge, experiences, qualifications and personal qualities that you will need to perform the role you’re applying for. The only way to convince the organisation or department that you are the right person for the position is by addressing each criteria separately and demonstrating how well you satisfy each requirement. Selection criteria can range from general to specific and from essential to less important.

Why are selection important?

criteria

If this is your first time applying for a government jobs, you may not be aware of just how important your responses are. Even if you have a brilliant resume and plenty of

experience that all address this criteria, if you don’t address it in a separate document that details how well you fit each requirement with specific examples, your application will be overlooked. Fulfilling the selection criteria to the satisfaction of the recruiter is the only way you can make it to the next stage of the recruitment process – the interview. Selection Criteria may include: • Technical Skills • Qualifications, experience, technical competencies • Standard Criteria: OHS, diversity, equal opportunities • Transferable Skills: communication, team work, time management, problem solving skills • Personal Attributes: flexible, adaptive, enthusiastic, passion and interest in the field

Tips for addressing selection criteria

Use direct, active verbs and address all parts of the selection criteria.

Give precise examples of how you meet each criterion (using the STAR method).

Check the maximum length for a response; never more than an A4 page per criterion.

Make sure the examples are relevant.

Proofread, proofread, proofread!

Make sure you understand the selection criteria.

Do not underestimate the importance of addressing the selection criteria when applying for a role in the public sector. Candidates need to satisfy all the essential criteria in order to be considered for a job.

Applying for jobs: Preparing the application 61

P R E PA R I N G F O R T H E I N T E R V I E W Using the selection criteria as a guide, you may be asked a range of questions to demonstrate your skills and abilities. You may also go through an assessment centre if an agency is recruiting for a number of positions and this is common in internship and graduate roles. Much like your statement of claims, you should use relevant examples that address the job requirements when addressing questions during the interview process. This applies to re-iterating what is in your application as well

as new questions that arise. For preparation, think of your top three skills or qualities and why you have applied for the role. You may be asked to talk about this at the interview. Use examples that best relate to the duties of the job, and be honest. You should also choose referees who can provide evidence to support your claims.

Want more help? Take a look at the APS Fact Sheet â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Cracking the Codeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; a step-to-step guide on everything to do with applying for a role in the Australian Public Service: http://www.apsc.gov.au/__data/ assets/pdf_file/0019/50284/crackingthecode.pdf

Applying for jobs: Preparing the application

CHAPTER 3

“

It makes use of more than just your legal brain and takes you into broader debates than span geopolitics, global commons, human rights and international affairs.

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I N T E R N AT I O N A L PUBLIC LAW If you like the idea of being in the centre of the international action and decision making, immersing yourself in a foreign country and the incredible travel opportunities, then considering a legal career in the international public interest field may be for you. Whilst in Sydney, law students interested in these areas often find their job prospects and interests stifled by Australia’s distance away from the hub of international activity, employment opportunities abroad may be a panacea to this. A notable benefit of working abroad in this sector is that you are often not faced by the limitations of having to requalify in the legal jurisdiction of that country. With many international public interest careers being about applying your legal skills to international law or policy, the high quality reputation of Australian lawyers and law graduates opens many doors. International Public Law is broad and covers the following: • Diplomatic Missions • United Nations • International Courts & Tribunals • International Organisations 64

International Public Law: Overview

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Particularly for those who are interested in working in diplomacy or in international government, the internship offers a great opportunity to see what it is like to work in those kind of roles.

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D I P L O M AT I C MISSIONS

Diplomatic Missions can involve working in one of the Australian Governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s many embassies, high commissions, consulates and representative offices. Embassies and other diplomatic missions such as consulates represent Australia in host countries around the globe.

International Public Law: Diplomatic Missions - Consulates & Embassies

AUSTRALIAN EMBASSY IN BERLIN What is the purpose of the Embassy?

Who can apply? Both undergraduates (at least four semester completed) and graduate law students are welcome to apply for this internship. Students are required to have an intermediate proficiency of German and also an acute interest in international relations. When should you apply? Students who are seeking to apply for an internship during the period of April-July 2016 are now currently closed. However, interested applicants are encouraged to check to the official website for any new availabilities for the upcoming year: http://germany.embassy. gov.au/

The Australian Embassy in Berlin is an important part of Australia’s diplomatic mission in Germany. Its purpose is to facilitate Australia’s warm bilateral relationship with Germany. There is wide-ranging dialogue and cooperation with the German government and its domestic commercial stakeholders. Germany is a major source of foreign direct investment in Australia and one of Australia’s largest investment destinations. Does the Embassy have any opportunities for law students? Although there are no formal legal roles at the Embassy, the skills and knowledge acquired from your law degree will be an invaluable asset to the Embassy. Students will use their legal knowledge to further engage with Australia’s bilateral relationship with Germany. Students will obtain a more nuanced understanding of international law, Australia’s international relations and ultimately, gain an invaluable insight into the nature of diplomacy operated within Australia’s embassy. A student with a legal background will presumably be required to undertake political or economic research and you will also be assigned to public diplomacy events and consular issues.

International Public Law: Diplomatic Missions - Consulates & Embassies

HONG KONG ECONOMIC AND TRADE OFFICE What is the purpose of the Office? The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region operates 16 offices out of Hong Kong to promote Hong Kong’s interest in their respective regions. The HKETO in Sydney is one of such offices and was established in 1995 to strengthen economic ties with Australia and New Zealand. The Office provides enquiry services for the local public about events and developments, liaises with media and also provides commercial and trade opportunities to those interested in Hong Kong. Does the Office have any opportunities for law students? Undergraduate students in both Australia and Zealand are invited to apply for three internship positions into the Hong Kong Economic & Trade Office. Although there are no formal legal roles, students will use their technical legal skills to assist with promotional activities in Australia and New Zealand, conduct in depth research in relation to the bilateral relations between Hong Kong and Australia and develop information sheets on the history, geography and economy of Hong Kong for secondary school teachers in Australia and New Zealand.

Who can apply? The requirements of the internship include: • Students are required to be in their penultimate and final year of an undergraduate degree in either an Australian and New Zealand university. • Students must have a solid understanding of the commercial, political and socio-economic landscape of domestic issues in Australia and New Zealand. • Experience in organising events, promotion and publicity and any study in media, journalist, marketing, international studies, economics, law or commerce will be highly regarded. When should you apply? Applications for the 2016 round of internships have now closed. The application period for the 2017 period is yet to be announced. Students interested are encouraged to consistently check the official website of the Hong Kong Economic & Trade Office for any changes in availabilities or updates surrounding new internships. Generally, students are required to submit a CV, academic transcript and a reference letter from an academic or professional background.

International Public Law: Diplomatic Missions - Consulates & Embassies

Elsa Lo

Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office INTERN What does your role involve? My role largely involved drafting briefs and media releases on behalf of the Hong Kong Government. I was also asked to formulate strategies to expand Hong Kong’s cultural profile in Australia and New Zealand and promote the government’s new visa schemes for entrepreneurs and skilled migrants. What attracted you to work at the HKETO? As a Bachelor of International Studies student, I’ve always been interested in diplomacy. The HKETO is a representative office for the Hong Kong Government (based in Sydney), so it was a great way for me to experience what it might be like working in a diplomatic office. What is the most rewarding part of your role? Meeting people who are absolutely passionate about their work and knowing that my role helps to promote Hong Kong’s rich cultural heritage. As a student, why would you recommend this workplace over other career options? I think it’s always important to think outside the box. You don’t necessarily need to be a law student to read government policy papers or legislation, but it certainly helps. I would recommend this internship opportunity to anyone interested in government, media and public relations because it’s a great way to use legal skills beyond a corporate environment. What advice would you give to students interested in working at the HKETO? When applying for the role or going for an interview, read up on recent news, visa schemes and trade policies regarding Hong Kong and think carefully about why you’re interested in working at a representative office. For those wondering, Chinese language ability is not required. Internship applications usually open around October.

International Public Law: Diplomatic Missions - Consulates & Embassies

U N I T E D S TAT E S C O N S U L AT E G E N E R A L What is the purpose of the Consulate? The Consulate General in Sydney is the oldest American diplomatic mission in Australia. Amongst other things, the purpose of the Consul General in Sydney is to: • coordinate all functions of the U.S Government in the Sydney district; • maintain direct contact with Senior American officials on both a state and federal level; • maintain formal communications with Washington surrounding the political, economic and other developments occurring in Australia that affect U.S interests. Does the Consulate have any opportunities for law students? Each year, the U.S Consulate General in Sydney offers a Foreign National Student Internship Program which allow non-American undergraduate students to experience working alongside the American’s foreign and domestic Australian employees in the day to day execution of its commercial, political, media and organisational issues concerning Australia’s longstanding bilateral relations with the United States.

When should you apply? Applications for the internship during January-February 2017 will be open during the winter break and the beginning of Semester Two. Students who wish to apply for this program should contact the Student Global Office advisor at advisor4globaled@unsw.edu.au for more information.

Who can apply? Students who wish to apply for this program must be able to demonstrate they have their University’s permission to participate in this internship and must be credited towards specific university units. Students may be able to obtain permission for the Law Faculty to credit this as an external internship.

International Public Law: Diplomatic Missions - Consulates & Embassies

Anna Prell

US Consulate General INTERN What did your role involve? I was an intern in the Administrative sector of the United States Consulate General in Sydney. The Administrative section provides services to the Consulate, including communications, personnel, customs and shipping, contracting, procurement and warehousing, information management, budget and fiscal, residential and commercial leasing, security and general services. My primary role was to assist the General Services Officer. What attracted you to work at the US Consulate General? I have an interest in United States politics and was interested in learning about the mechanics of the U.S.-Australia relationship from the perspective of the Embassy. When I applied for the role, I saw an opportunity to gain insight into the role of a diplomat. It has since allowed me to connect with many interesting people and hear them speak on a range of diverse and fascinating topics. What was the most rewarding part of your role? As interns, we developed a networking group and launched the group, known as the ‘Ben Franklin Club’. The Ben Franklin Club allows people to run seminars and events which allow students and young professionals to meet other like-minded people at speaking events and panels on a range of subjects, from U.S. Security, to the U.S. Presidential campaign. At one event, the Digital Director of Strategy for President Obama’s 2012 presidential campaign, Teddy Goff, spoke about his role and the role of social media generally in a presidential campaign. As part of the program, we also had the opportunity to visit the U.S. embassy in Canberra, where we had a guided tour of the compound and an opportunity to meet with the U.S. Ambassador to Australia.

International Public Law: United Nations

As a lawyer, why would you recommend your current workplace over other career options? Although my role was not a legal role, it was fascinating to see how diplomatic services operated in Australia, both through providing services to American and Australian citizens, and through developing the relationship between the U.S. and Australia. Particularly for those who are interested in working in diplomacy or in international government, the internship offers a great opportunity to see what it is like to work in those kind of roles. The role also allows you to expand your knowledge of U.S. Politics and allows interns to develop their skills in project management and development, which is invaluable in the legal professions. What advice would you give to students interested in working at the US Consulate General? Get involved in every opportunity that comes your way. If there is a particular area that you are interested in, or you have an idea that you think you could follow through with, speak up and make yourself heard – people will want to help you find a way to make it work.

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It allowed me to experience first hand international diplomacy in action and exposed me to the everyday life working within an international development framework.

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U N I T E D N AT I O N S The United Nations was founded in 1945 and has been committed to maintaining peace and security worldwide, developing relationships among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights. The work done by the United Nations is global and affects the lives of billions of people. As the United Nations is at the forefront of complex problems everywhere; from ending conflict and alleviating poverty, to combating climate change and defending human rights, the issues that you will face when working there are diverse.

International Public Law: Diplomatic Missions - Consulates & Embassies

I N T E R N AT I O N A L M O N E TA R Y F U N D What is the purpose of the International Monetary Fund? The purpose of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is to ensure the stability of the international monetary system, achieved through promotion of international monetary cooperation; facilitation of the expansion and balanced growth of international trade; promotion of exchange stability; and assistance in the establishment of a multilateral system of payments. Who can apply? For the legal internship candidates must be within one or two years of completing an LLM, J.D, or equivalent advanced degree in law and below the age of 32. While the selection process is highly competitive, candidates with diverse academic or cultural backgrounds are encouraged to apply. When should you apply? Internships are periodically advertised on IMFâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s JobLink: https://imf.taleo.net/ careersection/imf_external/ moresearch.ftl?lang=en.

A key responsibility of the IMF is to provide loans to member countries experiencing problems with loan repayments. This financial assistance enables countries to rebuild their international reserves, stabilize their currencies, continue paying for imports, and restore conditions for strong economic growth. Unlike development banks, the IMF does not lend for specific projects. Does the IMF have any opportunities for law students? The IMFâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Legal Department are seeking applications for a summer intern position, in their Washington headquarters, as part of the 2016 Fund Internship Program. The duration of the internship will be 10-12 weeks, which will be undertaken sometime between May and October 2016 (the actual period of the internship will be agreed between the department and the successful candidate). What type of work could an intern be involved in? The selected candidate will work in one of the units of the Legal Department under the supervision and guidance of a senior member of the unit. Examples of project research completed by legal interns in the past cover a broad spectrum of legal issues including analysis of the legal framework for capital controls under the European Economic Area, research on the insolvency of non-bank financial institutions and research on the legal mandate of the IMF in financial regulation. IMF interns receive a salary comparable to senior level support staff, round-trip economy class air travel to Washington from their university and limited medical insurance coverage.

International Public Law: United Nations

I N T E R N AT I O N A L L A B O R O R G A N I S AT I O N What is the purpose of the ILO? The International Labour Organization (ILO) promotes internationally recognized human and labour rights at work, encourages decent employment opportunities, enhances social protection and strengthens dialogue on work-related issues. The ILO brings together governments, employers and workers to set labour standards, develop policies and devise programmes. The very structure of the ILO, where workers and employers together have an equal voice with governments in its deliberations, shows social dialogue in action. It ensures that the views of the social partners are closely reflected in ILO labour standards, policies and programmes. The headquarters for the ILO is in Geneva, Switzerland. Does the ILO have any opportunities for law students? The International Labour Organization offers three – six month internships at their Geneva headquarters, commencing on the 1st or 15th of each month. A stipend to cover basic subsistence costs will be paid by the ILO. What type of work could an intern be involved in? As an intern you will be exposed to the daily work of the ILO including attending high-profile conferences, participating in meetings, and contributing to analytical work. It is advised that prospective interns consult the ILO’s website to familiarise themselves with the work of the various sectors and departments and identify the areas that interest them most. Who can apply? To be eligible for an internship, applicants must be currently enrolled in the last year of a graduate degree or in a higher degree programme relevant to the ILO’s work or have completed such a programme in the year preceding the application, and have a working knowledge of at least one of the ILO’s official languages English, French or Spanish.

When should you apply? Internship positions are only advertised during the months of January, May and September. These can be found at the following website: https:// erecruit.ilo.org/public/. By applying through the roster, the visibility of your profile by different departments is increased. • The regional offices may also host a few internship positions. For these opportunities, contact the relevant regional office directly: • Africa: Ms. Marika Maillot maillot@ilo.org; • Americas: Ms. Maria Elena Larrea - LIM_INTERNS@ oit.org.pe; • Asia and the Pacific : Regional HR Unit - bkk_hr@ ilo.org; • Arab States: Mr. Answer Qureshi - qureshi@ilo.org; • Europe: Europe@ilo.org

International Public Law: United Nations

I N T E R N AT I O N A L F U N D O F A G R I C U LT U R A L D E V E L O P M E N T What is the purpose of the International Fund?

Who can apply? To be eligible for the Enhanced Internship Programme, an applicant must not reside in Rome, be under 30 years old, be enrolled in an accredited university, have attended courses in the last 12 months, and have completed at least two years of undergraduate studies when joining IFAD through the Programme; or otherwise have completed their university studies at an accredited university at the undergraduate or postgraduate level within the last 12 months. When should you apply? Applications are not solicited but may be submitted at any time. This is done through IFADâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s online recruitment system, which involves first registering as a new applicant before you can view vacant posts or apply for an internship position. This can be found at the following website: https://job.ifad.org/ psc/IFHRPRDE/EMPLOYEE/ HRMS/s/WEBLIB_IFA_FORM. ISCRIPT1.FieldFormula.IScript_ IFADSimulation

International Public Law: United Nations

IFAD is an international financial institution and a specialized United Nations agency. Its headquarters are based in Rome, Italy. It is dedicated to eradicating poverty and hunger in rural areas of developing countries. IFAD provides low-interest loans and grants to developing countries to finance innovative agricultural and rural development programmes and projects. It is among the top multilateral institutions working in agriculture in Africa. IFAD has a total membership of 173 countries from around the world, including OPEC and OECD members and developing and middle-income countries. Does the IFAD have any opportunities for law students? IFAD offers renumerated internships, in their Rome head office, for approximately 25 undergraduates or recent university graduates per year, who are currently specializing in areas of work relevant to IFADâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mission. There are two types of internships available, the regular Internship Programme (IP) and the Enhanced Internship Programme (EIP). The Enhanced Internship Programme, in particular, is designed to enhance geographic distribution of staff at IFAD. Participants in the Internship Programme will be paid a monthly allowance of approximately $600 US and participants in the Enhanced Internship Programme will receive a housing and travel allowance in addition to the monthly allowance. Internship assignments will be limited to a maximum period of six months, with no possibility of extension or hiring under any other contractual type. A former participant in the Internship Programme can only be considered for employment in a formal capacity six months after the end of their internship.

U N I T E D N AT I O N S ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME What is the purpose of the United Nations Environment Programme? The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is the leading international authority on environmental matters, setting the global environmental agenda, promoting a cohesive implementation of the environmental aspect of sustainable development and advocating for a healthy global environment. UNEP’s work includes assessing environmental conditions and trends on a local to global scale, developing international and national environmental polices, strengthening institutions for the good management of environmental resources, facilitating the transfer of technology and knowledge for a sustainable future and encouraging civil society and private sector partnerships. UNEP’s headquarters are in Nairobi, Kenya, but they have regional offices around the world. Does the UNEP have any opportunities for law students? UNEP offers non-renumerated internships in both their head office in Nairobi and in their New York office for a period of three to six months. The UNEP New York Office Internship Programme usually consists of 3 three-month periods throughout the year: mid-January to mid-April; mid-April to mid-July; and early September to end of December. The purpose of the programme is to promote a better understanding of major environmental issues confronting the world as well as emerging trends and to offer insights as to how the United Nations Environment Programme responds to these global and regional concerns. What type of work could an intern be involved in?

Who can apply? To be eligible for this internship, the applicant must be in their third or fourth year of under-graduate or in a graduate or post-graduate programme, and must continue to be enrolled during the period of the internship and after. Fluency in English is mandatory; knowledge of any other UN language is an advantage. When should you apply? Internship dates are usually in three rounds: • Mid-January to Mid-April - application deadline 15 October • Mid-April to Mid-July application deadline 15 January • Early-September to MidDecember - application deadline 15 May

The work interns perform during their stay will depend on the needs of the office to which they are assigned. The likely work that interns will complete include project formulation, monitoring and/or evaluation; research and preparation of papers/reports; preparation and participation in intergovernmental meetings; and liaison with partners.

International Public Law: United Nations

OFFICE OF THE UN HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS What is the purpose of the OHCHR?

Who can apply? Applicants to the United Nations internship programme must at the time of application meet one of the following requirements: Be enrolled in a graduate school programme; Be enrolled in the final academic year of a first university degree programme (minimum Bachelorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s level or equivalent); Have graduated with a university degree and, if selected, must commence the internship within a oneyear period of graduation Applicants must be sponsored by an academic institution and must have a good command of at least two of the six official languages of the United Nations. When should you apply? OHCHR Headquarters only host approximately 50 interns at any given time. There are two intern selection campaigns each year: the first deadline for receipt of applications is 30 April and the second deadline is 31 October 2016. However they may also accept applications on an adhoc basis, application submitted outside the usual selection campaign. For more information please visit: http://www.ohchr. org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/ InternshipProgramme.aspx

International Public Law: United Nations

The High Commissioner for Human Rights is the principal human rights official of the United Nations. The High Commissioner heads OHCHR and spearheads the United Nationsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; human rights efforts. They offer leadership, work objectively, educate and take action to empower individuals and assist States in upholding human rights. The OHCHR also supports the work of the United Nations human rights mechanisms. They promote the right to development, coordinate United Nations human rights education and public information activities, and strengthen human rights across the United Nations system. They also work to ensure the enforcement of universally recognized human rights norms, including promoting both the universal ratification and implementation of the major human rights treaties and respect for the rule of law. Does the OHCHR have any opportunities for law students? Internships for graduate students are available at the OHCHR. Interns are assigned to an organizational unit of OHCHR according to the needs of the Office and their own areas of interest. They are involved in: researching human rights issues, drafting analytical papers and reports, providing substantive and technical servicing of meetings, backstopping fact-finding and technical cooperation activities as well as field operations and supporting other OHCHR activities. OHCHR endeavours to brief interns through a series of information sessions on human rights issues conducted by staff of the Office.

UN REFUGEE AGENCY What is the purpose of the UN Refugee Agency? UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, is mandated to lead and co-ordinate international action to protect refugees, stateless and internally displaced people and resolve refugee problems worldwide. Its primary purpose is to safeguard the rights and well being of these vulnerable populations by ensuring that everyone can exercise the right to seek asylum and seek refuge in another state with the option for repatriation or resettlement. With the main headquarters located in Geneva, Switzerland, and both field and regional offices around the world, UNHCR employs more than 9,300 people in 125 countries. With 89% of staff based in the field, the largest concentration of field staff is in Kenya, followed by Jordan, Ethiopia, Iraq and South Sudan. What kind of work would a lawyer be involved in at the UNHCR? UNHCR employees work in a wide range of disciplines, including protection (legal), administration, community services, public affairs, logistics, health and gender. Lawyers at UNHCR undertake a number of different legal and policy roles encompassing many aspects of legal protection of refugees, stateless people and other internally displaced people.

Who can apply? Applicants to the UNHCRâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s internship programme must at the time of application meet one of the following requirements: Be enrolled in a graduate school programme (second university degree or equivalent, or higher); Be enrolled in the final academic year of a first university degree programme (minimum Bachelorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s level or equivalent); Have graduated with a university degree When should you apply? Different units and sections offer internships on a continuous rolling basis, with the position advertised on the UNHCR website.

Does the UNHCR have any opportunities for law students? Non-remunerated internships for undergraduate and graduate students are available at UNHCR, both at the Geneva Headquarters and in the Regional Offices such as in Bangkok. What type of work could an intern be involved in? Interns are assigned to an organizational unit of UNHCR, such as statelessness, human rights liaison unit, sexual and gender based violence, according to the needs of the office and their own areas of interest. They are involved, inter alia, in: researching issues relating to refugees, stateless and internally displaced people, drafting analytical papers and reports, providing substantive and technical servicing of meetings, factfinding and supporting other UNHCR activities.

International Public Law: United Nations

Charlie Goodlake UNHCR EDITORIAL ASSISTANT What does your role involve? I am currently the Editorial Assistant of The State of the Worlds Refugees 2016, UNHCR’s flagship publication. My role largely consists of editing and drafting text which provides an in-depth analysis of the plight of the world’s millions of displaced people. It examines the major crises and challenges faced by UNHCR under ten thematic chapters. The State of the Worlds Refugees 2016 will be available from October 2016. What attracted you to work at the UNHCR? I have always held a deep admiration for the work UNHCR does, helping to protect millions of displaced people around the world for over 65 years. After completing an internship with UNHCR, it was a privilege to join the organization as a consultant in a role that allows me to work on an exciting project with a tangible final product. What is the most rewarding part of your role? Firstly, I get to help to produce a book that will educate people about displaced people on a wide range of different issues. Publications act as important advocacy and educational tools. Secondly, I get to learn from colleagues who have vast amounts of experience and knowledge on refugee issues/law. I feel like I am constantly learning new things every day and for me this is important as a recent law graduate! As a lawyer, why would you recommend your current workplace over other career options? I would recommend UNHCR as a career option for those interested in refugee law. UNHCR is the driving development body on refugee law and policy, and I experienced this when I was a Law and Policy intern in the Division of International Protection. Additionally, the benefit of working at UNHCR is that you are able to experience first hand international diplomacy and have exposure to leading experts on humanitarian issues. 78

International Public Law: United Nations

What advice would you give to students interested in working at the UNHCR? A key piece of advice that I would give students interested in working at UNHCR would be to apply for internships with the organisation. This will give students exposure to the UNHCR and the type of work they do as well as enriching them with a more heightened knowledge of refugee, asylum seeker and statelessness issues. By getting a foot in the door, you will then be able to build up contacts, which I found to be a very important step, and something that is integral in any workplace/career choice. Making the most of opportunities and extracting every possible piece of knowledge you can from those opportunities is something i’m a big believer in. You never stop learning!

Sarah Elliot

UNHCR ASSOCIATE LEGAL SPECIALIST What does your role involve? My role is associate legal specialist in the asylum and migration unit in the Department of International Protection at UNHCR HQ in Geneva. I am the focal point on trafficking and smuggling which are two international crimes that persons of concern to UNHCR may be targeted for. The area can be grey - asylum seekers are often compelled to seek the assistance of smugglers in order to flee across international borders to seek safety - without which they may never have access to asylum. I provide guidance to UNHCR offices on addressing these crimes and develop UNHCR’s policy on the area as part of our broader policies on refugee protection in mixed migration (refugees and asylum seekers today move in increasingly mixed flows along side economic migrants, stateless, unaccompanied or separated children, trafficked persons as well as criminals themselves). What attracted you to work at the UNHCR? I wanted to work at UNHCR ever since I saw a photographer present photos she took of Dadaab refugee camp in Kenya at the town hall in Sydney back in 2010. It shook a nerve inside me. I was working in corporate law at the time for then Blake Dawson and feeling unhappy. I chose to study law to help those subject to it, but who could not afford the legal services needed to use it when in need - not to represent wealthy corporations. I took a secondment I had engineered for myself at the Refugee Advice and Casework Service before jumping into a full time solicitor role there, which only firmed up my love for refugee law and desire to get to the field and work at the UN. It is an area that combines all my loves - case work and client contact, international affairs, human rights, problem solving, travel and story telling. What is the most rewarding part of your role? I feel privileged to be working at UNHCR HQ at a very challenging time for our organisation - more displaced persons than ever before, more conflicts happening at any one time, more protracted refugee situations in existence, less

international solidarity to meet the challenge etc. It’s not to say I thrive on doom and gloom, but at HQ I’m exposed to discussions among the best minds in the field on how UNHCR can best support states to meet this challenge. The ability to have some level of input in reshaping our approach, messaging and policy direction - globally is very rewarding. Why would you recommend your current workplace over other career options? I would recommend my current workplace over other legal paths because it makes use of more than just your legal brain and takes you into broader debates that span geopolitics, global commons, human rights and international affairs. You are essentially a diplomat - but not for one country - for a liberal, peaceful world order. If you like standing in a court room, writing submissions and meticulously analysing the difference ‘may’ or ‘shall’ make to your interpretation of an amendment to a statute than this isn’t for you. Here - you need to argue to states that an international treaty means more than the paper it is written on and be prepared to build political will behind international norms. What advice would you give to students interested in working at the UNHCR? I took the hard road to get to my current role - I did an international masters in politics at Cambridge after my law degree and some years working in law in Australia, I went to work at a local refugee NGO in Cairo, Egypt for two years during the political uprisings and then took a consultancy for UNHCR in Sudan where I spent 1.5 years in a village at the border with Eritrea. My field existence was a huge advantage in being put forward for my current role. Others take internships at UNHCR and are offered positions directly afterwards. There’s unfortunately no clear path. It’s good to constantly look at the UNHCR employment page and in the meantime build as much experienced in refugee protection elsewhere as you can whether interning, for the government, an NGO or writing a thesis in the area. International Public Law: United Nations

Rachel Johnston UNHCR INTERN

Why did you want to work at the UNHCR? With UNHCR, the driving development body on law and policy on statelessness, I wanted to gain experience within a highly regarded internship program to gain invaluable substantive knowledge on statelessness policy and issues around the world. Additionally, interning at the Geneva UNHCR headquarters, it allowed me to experience first hand international diplomacy in action and exposed me to the everyday life working within an international development framework. What kind of work can other students expect in this type of role? The work is different depending on which section/unit in UNHCR you apply for. My work varied from assisting with research relating to the Global Action Plan to End Statelessness and assisting with legal research into situations of statelessness and analysising nationality laws. What was the most interesting part of your role? The most interesting part was learning and gaining knowledge from leading experts in the fields of refugees, statelessness, internally displace people, human rights and international law. Hearing their stories about their work, their first hand experiences in the field and contemporary issues was incredible. What kind of advice would you give to students wishing to apply in the future? UNHCR regularly accepts unsolicited applications from prospective interns. With a continuous turnover of interns, students wishing to apply should research a section/ unit of UNCHR that thier are interested in and reach out directly with your suitability for the role. Whilst, knowledge of two UN official working languages is looked upon favourably, you can still apply and be considered without a second language, so do not let that be a deterrent not to apply. 80

International Public Law: United Nations

What was the selection process and what are somethings you found challenging about this process? The selection process initialy involves submitting your a cover letter and resume to the specific section/unit of UNCHR you apply for. Around 3 people are then shortlisted for a 20 minute phone interview with behavioral and knowledge questions being asked relating to the specific section/unit and the legal framework surrounding that area of international law as well as your competencies regarding the internship. The things that I found challenging in the process was difficulty in conveying my personality during the phone interview especially given the inability to read body language and the delay in the line. Additionally, a big challenge, coming from Australia, was the short turn around between acceptance into the internship and the start date in Geneva. I had a couple of weeks to organise course changes, flights, insurance, accommodation and visas.

WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME What is the purpose of the World Food Programme? The World Food Programme (WFP) is the United Nations frontline emergency agency delivering food in crisisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; to victims of war, civil conflict and natural disasters. After the cause of an emergency has passed, WFP sustains adequate food resources to help communities rebuild. WFP works alongside other partner UN agencies in Rome - the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) as well as other government, UN and NGO partners to tackle the multi-faceted interrelationship between food and development. WFP contributes to these development activities by aiming to make communities food secure, so that they can devote time, attention and energy to escaping the poverty trap. Does the WFP have any opportunities for law students? World Food Programme offers internships in its Rome headquarters with different units and sections on a continuous rolling basis. Internships are on average for a period of 6 months. What type of work could you be involved in? Interns will be exposed to the daily work of WFP including attending conferences, participating in meetings, and contributing to analytical work. It is advised that prospective interns consult the WFP website to familiarise themselves with the work of the various departments and identify the areas that interest them most.

Who can apply? Applicants must be at the time enrolled in a university or graduate school and have completed at least two years of undergraduate studies. Additional requirements of being enrolled in a field of study relevant to the position will change depending on the department an applicant applies to. It is essential to have a working knowledge of English, and an intermediate knowledge of another official WFP language, i.e., Arabic, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Chinese, Russian, is desirable. When should you apply? Internship positions are advertised on a continual basis on their internship webpage: http://www.wfp.org/careers/ internships.

International Public Law: United Nations

W O R L D T R A D E O R G A N I Z AT I O N What is the purpose of the World Trade Organization?

Who can apply? The requirements for the internship include being a minimum age of 21 and maximum age of 30, being a national of a WTO Member state, having completed undergraduate studies in a relevant discipline (e.g. economics, law, political science, international relations), and having completed at least one year of postgraduate studies. When should you apply? Intake to the internship programme is on a continuing basis, with no specific recruitment period. There is no opening or closing date for applications. The internship duration is for a maximum of 24 weeks. Applications are to be made online https://erecruitment. wto.org/public/hrd-vac-newuser. asp?vaclng=en The application for the internship with the Australian Permanent Mission to the World Trade Organization is closed with applications due by 22 February 2016 for an internship taking place between 30 May and 29 July 2016.

International Public Law: United Nations

The World Trade Organization (WTO) deals with the global rules of trade between nations, with a purpose to ensure that trade flows smoothly, predictably and freely. At the heart of the WTOâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work is the multilateral trading system of WTO agreements, negotiated and ratified in member states parliaments, which set the legal groundrules for international commerce. Representing Australia at the WTO is the defining role of the Permanent Mission of Australia to the World Trade Organisation and is responsible for negotiating on Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s behalf in the multilateral trading system and managing Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Geneva-based aid for trade investments. The Australian Mission to the WTO in Geneva also leads on representing Australia in the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. UNCTAD is the primary organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment, and development issues. Does the WTO have any opportunities for law students? The WTO Secretariat offers a limited number of internships for post-graduate university students wishing to gain practical experience and deeper knowledge of the multilateral trading system. The internships are based in the WTO headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. Interns receive a daily allowance of CHF 60 (including week-ends and official holidays falling within the selected period). No other remuneration will be paid.

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“I chose to study law to help those subject to it, but who could not afford the legal services needed to use it when in need.”

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I N T E R N AT I O N A L COURTS AND TRIBUNALS The United Nations have a wide variety of associated international courts and tribunals that offer law students and practitioners a range of opportunities as interns, investigators, and project officers. The Courts and Tribunals range from the International Court of Justice, the principal organ of the organization; to the ad hoc criminal tribunals established by the Security Council, including the International Criminal Court, which were established by conventions drafted within the UN but which are now independent entities with special cooperation agreements.

International Public Law: International Courts & Tribunals

I N T E R N AT I O N A L C R I M I N A L C O U R T What is the purpose of the International Criminal Court?

How should you apply? Interested candidates are required to apply via the ICC’s official website. Students are encouraged to visit: https:// www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/ recruitment/internships%20 and%20visiting%20 professionals/Pages/the%20 internships%20and%20 visiting%20professionals%20 programme.aspx

The International Criminal Court established by the Rome Statute is the first permanent international criminal court to prosecute the most serious offenders within the international community. The purpose of the organisation is to achieve the international community’s aspiration of circumventing crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. It is an independent international organisation governed by a treaty and is not an ancillary organ to the United Nations. It is located in The Hague in the Netherlands. Does the ICC have any opportunities for law students? The ICC offers various internships spanning across multiple disciplines. Internship programmes are offered in various practice areas, including linguistic and language services, finance, media and public relations, general administration, technical production and criminal law. Applicants interested in criminal law with a specialisation in victims are highly recommended to apply. Types of internships with the ICC include: • Office of Public Counsel for Victims • Victims and Witnesses Section (Legal) • Chambers • Victims Participation and Reparation Section • Audio Visual Production Unit • Library and Documentation Unit • External Relations • Personal Security and Investigation Office, Safety and Security • Finance Section What type of work could you be involved in? Applicants will be expected to facilitate the participation of victims in the proceedings before the Court. Your primary responsibilities will be assisting in drafting legal memorandum and produce research in a wide range of complex legal includes. This may include preparing factual background documents on the situation and cases before the Court. Additionally, you will also partake in the drafting of legal opinions and from time to time, undertake ad hoc legal assignments as requested.

International Public Law: International Courts & Tribunals

I N T E R N AT I O N A L C O U R T O F A R B I T R AT I O N What is the purpose of the International Court of Arbitration? The International Court of Arbitration is not a court in the judicial sense of the word, instead it works closely with its secretariat, to fulfil its primary role of administering ICC Arbitrations. The International Court of Arbitration is part of the International Chamber of Commerce and strives to assist parties and arbitrators to overcome any procedural obstacles that arise. Does the International Court of Arbitration have any opportunities for law students? International Court of Arbitration offers unpaid internships in either Hong Kong or Paris offices, with opportunities for successful applicants to be involved with researching specific national and topical laws, preparing for conferences and drafting documents related to current arbitration cases. The duration of the internship ranges from 3 months, starting in May for Hong Kong and 2 months, starting in January for Paris.

How should you apply? Applications require applicants to send an email including a short CV, two pages maximum, focusing on the experience relevant to the internship and indicating clearly your current studies with expected graduation date. Additionally, the application requires a cover letter, addressing any prior experience and indicating your availability. A rough guide to application dates for Hong Kong is at least two months prior to the start of the internship period and for Paris, at least six months prior to the start of the internship period. Internship opportunities are posted on the International Chamber of Commerce website at the following address: http:// www.iccwbo.org/opportunitiesfor-interns/

International Public Law: International Courts & Tribunals

I N T E R N AT I O N A L C O U R T O F J U S T I C E What is the purpose of the International Court of Justice?

How should you apply? In order to apply for an internship simply complete the online application form and submit it via the website. For more information please see: http://www.icj-cij.org/ registry/index.php?p1=2&p2=6

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN). The Courtâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies. The Court is composed of 15 judges, who are elected for terms of office of nine years by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council. It is assisted by a Registry its administrative organ. Its official languages are English and French. The Registry is the permanent administrative organ of the Court. It is accountable to the Court alone. It is headed by a Registrar, assisted by a Deputy-Registrar. Since the Court is both a court of justice and an international organ, the Registryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s tasks are not only those of a service helping in the administration of justice - with sovereign States as litigants - but also those of a secretariat of an international commission. Its activities are both judicial and diplomatic, as well as administrative. Does the ICJ have any opportunities for law students? The International Court of Justice offers internships of one to three months to students and young professionals who are in the early stages of their careers. The internship is an opportunity for them to put their knowledge and experience into practice, while performing certain tasks for the Court under the supervision of Registry officials. Placements are possible in all departments and divisions of the Registry. The working languages of the Court are English and French. Candidates will not receive any financial compensation from the Court for their internship and that they will themselves be responsible for meeting immigration requirements, arranging travel and accommodation and obtaining valid medical/accident insurance coverage. Please note that an internship at the Registry does not create any expectancy of future employment with the Court or with the United Nations.

International Public Law: International Courts & Tribunals

I N T E R N AT I O N A L T R I B U N A L F O R THE LAND AND SEA What is the purpose of the Tribunal? The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an independent judicial body established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to adjudicate disputes arising out of this treaty, which establishes a comprehensive legal framework to regulate all ocean space, its uses and resources. The Tribunal is open to both State parties to the convention as well as other nonState actors. Does the Tribunal have any opportunities for law students? Opportunities for an unpaid internship are available with International Tribunal for the Law and Sea in Hamburg, Germany. Approximately twenty internships are available each year for young government officials or students in the fields of law, international relations, public relations, political science. Internships usually are for a duration of three months, but may be in exceptional cases, be extended. What type of work could an intern be involved in? Interns will have the opportunity to gain an understanding of the work and functions of the Tribunal and contribute to the work of the Tribunal in the fields of the law of the sea, public international law, international organizations and international relations, political science, public information, publications and library science, and translation. Who can apply?

When should you apply? Internship periods are in four rounds: • January to March - application dealine 30 September of previous year • April to June - application deadline 31 December of previous year • July to September application deadine 31 March • October to December application deadline 30 June Students who are interested in participating in the internship programme at the Tribunal in Hamburg should submit a completed application form found online at the following link https://www.itlos.org/en/ the-registry/training/internshipapplication-form/.

To be eligible for the internship, candidates must have completed at least three years of university studies, normally be engaged in an undergraduate or postgraduate programme at the time of application and also during the internship, be under the age of 35 years, have a good command of English and/or French; and have an interest in international law, in particular that of the sea, international affairs or international institutions and organisations.

International Public Law: International Courts & Tribunals

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I think it’s always important to think outside the box.

I N T E R N AT I O N A L O R G A N I S AT I O N S

As the law is becoming increasingly globalised, it is important to consider other options beyond the traditional forms of employment. The sector of international public careers is multifaceted, where politics, social justice and policy intersect with the law.

International Public Law: International Organisations

ASIAN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION What is the purpose of the Asian Human Rights Commission? The Asian Human Rights Commission is an independent NGO which aims to promote greater awareness of human rights in the Asian region. They seek to mobilise Asian and international public opinion to obtain relief and remedy for the victims of human rights violations. The AHRC endeavours to give effect to the objectives stated in the Asian Charter. Does the AHRC have any opportunities for law students? The AHRC provide interested candidates with internship placements limited to one candidate country per year. As a result, the AHRC provide accommodation and support while stationed in Hong Kong. Arrangements for the duration of stay are flexible, but usually the period is 3-4 months. Interested students must organize their own financial arrangements for this particular internship. Candidates with a strong legal background, country experience and a strong interest in human rights are encouraged to apply. You will be conducting research on human rights circumstances in various countries in the Asia Pacific. Interns must also be prepared to accept assignments to countries in the region with difficult human rights conditions.

How should you apply? The application should include: • Full personal details; • Explain their interest in human rights and Asia, their education and professional background; • Expressly state which placement period they are interested in: January 1 – June 30, July 1 – December 31 or other periods, please mention your flexibility with the provided dates; • Explain by what means the internship can be financially supported by the applicant; • Be submitted at least 4 months before the beginning of the internship period.

International Public Law: International Organisations 89

I N T E R N AT I O N A L B A R A S S O C I AT I O N What is the purpose of the International Bar Association?

When should you apply? Each internship offered by the IBA has its own respective schedule as to application dates. Students are encouraged to visit the IBA’s official website to view the specific dates and deadlines: http://www. ibanet.org/Education_ and_Internsxhips/Legal_ Internship_Programme. aspx

The International Bar Association (‘IBA’), established in 1947 is the world’s leading organisation of international legal practitioners, bar associations and law societies. The purpose of the IBA is to promote an exchange of information between legal associations worldwide. Additionally, they support the independence of the judiciary and ultimately, demonstrate support of human rights through its Human Rights institute. The IBA is grouped into two divisions: the Legal Practice Division and the Public and Professional Interest Division. Does the IBA have any opportunities for law students? The IBA offers various internships for undergraduate and postgraduate law students as well as newly qualified lawyers. The IBA offers internship programmes at five different divisions: • Human Rights Institute (London); • Legal Policy & Research Unit; • Commercial and Business Law (London); • IBA’s Executive Director intern; • IBA’s Washington DC Office • The Hague. What type of work could you be involved in? Human Rights Institute: Interns will be expected to

International Public Law: International Organisations

research and draft country background reports, conduct legal research in thematic areas, draft intervention letters, research and draft project briefing notes, trial monitoring, media monitoring and press summaries and support IBAHRI events. Legal Policy & Research Unit: Interns are expected to conduct legal research, draft reports in a variety of commercial topics including anti corruption, multi-jurisdictional practice, corporate governance, antimoney laundering, merger control, competition law and international trade. IBA’s Washington DC Office: This office offers internship programmes on a rolling basis. They engage in public service, including the implementation of programs that promote the rule of law and human rights in the developing world and North America. Candidates are expected to develop concept papers and grant proposals in the field of international development and research material for conferences, which may be converted into academic papers for publication. The Hague: Interns will be expected to research thematic legal analysis of proceedings and ad hoc evaluations of legal, administrative and institutional issues which may potentially affect the rights of defendants. Interns are also expected to research the impartiality of proceedings and the development of international justice.

I N T E R N AT I O N A L C H A M B E R OF COMMERCE What is the purpose of the International Chamber of Commerce? The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) provides a forum for businesses and other organizations to examine and better comprehend the nature and significance of the major shifts taking place in the world economy. The ICC also offer an influential and respected channel for supplying business leadership to help governments manage those shifts in a collaborative manner for the benefit of the world economy as a whole. While policy advocacy is a major part of ICC’s work, it is also devoted to promoting international trade and investment. Much of the work is of a very practical nature, focused on making it easier for business to operate internationally. Its world-renowned commercial arbitration service is a form of impartial and dependable private justice that gives more security to commercial partners doing business across frontiers. Does the ICC have any opportunities for law students? The ICC offers internships under the supervision of the Asian arbitration team based in Hong Kong for a nonflexible period of 3 months. Internships in Hong Kong are unremunerated and interns are required to handle and pay for their own travel and accommodation arrangements for the duration of their stay. Unfortunately scholarships cannot be granted by the ICC. Internship is full-time (however a few hours’ classes during the week are accepted). The average working week is 35 hours. The next available period is 1 August to 31 October 2015.

Who can apply? A student with a strong background in international commercial arbitration law and experience in arbitration preferred - speaking English fluently, Asian language is an asset. How should you apply? Applications should be addressed in English by email only to Mr Emmanuel JOLIVET, General Counsel, ICC International Court of Arbitration: courtinternship@iccwbo.org For more information please see: http://www.iccwbo. o r g / I n t e r n s h i p opportunities/2014/2014-2015Arbitration-Internships-in-HongKong/

What type of work could you be involved in? Tasks entrusted to interns include: • reading, commenting on and drafting documents related to current arbitration cases • doing research for the preparation of conferences, presentations and publications • translating legal documents

International Public Law: International Organisations

I N T E R N AT I O N A L C O M M I T T E E OF THE RED CROSS What is the purpose of the ICRC? ICRC operates worldwide, ensuring humanitarian protection and assistance for victims, affected by conflict and armed violence such as prisoners, the sick and wounded and civilians. The ICRC also endeavours to prevent suffering by promoting and strengthening humanitarian law and universal humanitarian principles. When should you apply? All ICRC internships available are published under Current Vacancies at Headquarters on the ICRC website and updated regularly. This can be found at the following link: https://www. icrc.org/en/who-we-are/jobs. However, there may not always be open positions for internships. All applications for internships must be through the advertised position, as no unsolicited application will be considered.

An independent and neutral organization, ICRCâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mandate stems essentially from the Geneva Conventions of 1949. Based in Geneva, Switzerland, they employ over 14,500 people in more than 80 countries. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is the largest humanitarian network in the world. Does the ICRC have any opportunities for law students? The ICRC offers a limited number of remunerated postgraduate internships for periods of six to twelve months at its headquarters in Geneva. Most internships are in the fields of law, communication, protection and humanitarian diplomacy. Internships are also available in specialized units such as engineering and economic security, but are offered less frequently. What type of work could you be involved in? Internships with the legal division of ICRC may involve carrying out research and writing project briefs on specific legal questions primarily related to International Humanitarian Law, reviewing legal documents, contributing to the preparation of meetings, preparing draft reports or minutes of meetings and giving presentations on International Humanitarian Law to groups visiting the ICRC. Who can apply? The requirements for an internship include a background in Law, International Relations and/or Security Studies, with particular knowledge of International Humanitarian Law. Knowledge of English is required and French is highly desirable.

International Public Law: International Organisations

INTERPOL What is the purpose of Interpol? The International Criminal Police Organisation (Interpol) is the world’s largest international police organisation with 190 member states. Interpol’s role is to enable police around the world to collaborate together in order to achieve justice and safety. Interpol works to ensure that police around the world are equipped with the proper tools, services and information in order to meet the growing challenges of fighting crime in the 21st century. Does Interpol have any opportunities for law students? Interpol offers a number of internship programmes in various locations around the world. Certain internship programmes are offered consistently on a rolling basis, while others have closing application dates. Students interested in international law are encouraged to apply. Depending on the internship, location will vary. Students are eligible to undertake their internship in one of their several offices around the world, including Cameroon, France and Singapore.

How should you apply? Only applications submitted in response to a specific internship vacancy will be considered. To find out more about the internship opportunities, students are encouraged to consistently check its current vacancies page.

Although there are no formal legal roles, the internship programme provides candidates with a better understanding of the organisation’s objectives and the logistical structure of international police cooperation. This internship will provide you the opportunity to truly understand how an international organisation operates and also, experience in working in a multicultural and multidisciplinary environment contributing to the development of trust and tolerance. Who can apply? Candidates are required to be: • Enrolled in, or have graduated from, a postsecondary accredited academic institution within the past six months on the date of submission of their application; • Be a national of one of Interpol’s 190 member country; • Have attained the legal age of majority in their country of nationality; • Be fluent in English • Meet the requirements indicated for each specific internship opening they wish to apply for.

International Public Law: International Organisations

CHAPTER 4

PUBLIC INTEREST CAREERS EVENTS - SEMESTER 1, 2016 -

Date

“In conversation with...”

Event Description

Various ‘in conversation’ events will run throughout the year with each focusing on different topics and issues facing the legal practice. Every event will aim to start the conversation about topical areas useful to students’ public interest careers. Some of these events will include: • In Conversation with a Social Work/Policy/Legal Officer from the Dept of Family and Community Services. • In Conversation with Gabrielle Upton, NSW Attorney-General • In Conversation with Elizabeth Broderick, former Sex Discrimination Commissioner, • In Conversation with the Muslim Legal Network

Tuesday, Week 8 Careers Panel on specialist courts, commissions, etc

This event should provide an insight into the work done by legal professionals within the domain of specialist courts, tribunals and commissions. Examples include the NSW Land and Environment Court, Coroner’s Court, Drug Court, Administrative Decisions Tribunal (ADT), ICAC, Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse.

Monday, Week 9 Community Legal Centre Panel

This event is invaluable for students wanting to gain information about volunteering at CLCs. It will address how they can contribute to the community via CLCs, and how they can gain more experience and skills in the legal profession.

Tuesday, Week 9 Criminal Law Careers Panel

Careers in criminal law are exciting, challenging and varied. Come along to this event if you wish to find out more about the nature and type of work available for graduates.

Thursday, Week 11 NGO Networking Evening

This event will provide information about potential career pathways and graduate opportunities for students interested in a career in NGOs, and through networking give students the opportunity to meet and discuss with members of the NGO field.

Please note that all dates for all events are subject to change but for updated information, please check our website: www.unswlawsoc.org/

Upcoming Public Interest Law Events: Public Interest Careers Semester 1 2016

PUBLIC INTEREST CAREERS EVENTS - SEMESTER 2, 2016 -

Date

Event Description

Week 4 Public Interest Careers Networking Drinks

Our inaugural Networking Drinks welcomes students network with a wide range of practitioners working in Public Interest Careers. This event will encourage in depth conversations about various areas in public interest law and explore the many avenues available.

Week 4 Security and National Defence Event

This event will help you learn more about the opportunities available in Security and National Defence as well as the general issues faced by lawyers working in the field. The attending organisations possess extensive graduate programs and opportunities for law students, particularly DFAT, ASIO and the Attorney-Generalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Department.

Week 4 Public/Private Merge Event

The divide of public and private law is often not clear in practice, as this event would suggest. Come along to this event if you want to learn more about the similarities and differences between the public and private law sector, where they intersect in practice and in various areas of the law.

Many students wish to pursue a career in academia, and this event will Week 5 interest and engage students in the work of UNSW Law academic staff Career in Academia as well as academics contributing/working in Law Journals. Week 5 Rural and Regional Practitioners Panel

This event will educate you as to the unique opportunities which exist for lawyers, both in the public and private arenas, in locations outside of the city hub, and how such opportunities can be pursued.

Week 6 Family Law Event

Come along to this event to learn more about the opportunities for students to consider graduate careers in family law, and how you can take steps to work in the field as a student.

Week 8 Communications and Broadcasting Panel

A popular field of practice amongst students is media law and communications. This event will focus on how lawyers engage in work at places like the ABC, SBS and Screen Australia and the legal work that goes behind controversial pieces in shows such as Q&A.

Week 8 Politics and Policy Evening

Students interested in gaining an insight into policy development and the influence of politics are encouraged to come along to this networking evening. Political representatives and policy advocates will speak on a panel about their experiences and how they became involved in their role and opportunities available to law graduates.

Week 10 Careers at the Bar

This event aims to educate students about the numerous pathways that may be taken in pursuit of a career at the bar or as advocates. You will learn about a diverse range of practice areas such as public interest litigation, criminal law, human rights and administrative law.

Please note that all dates for all events are subject to change but for updated information, please check our website: www.unswlawsoc.org/ 96

Upcoming Public Interest Law Events: International Public Interest Careers 2016

Semester 2

Semester 1

I N T E R N AT I O N A L P U B L I C I N T E R E S T CAREERS EVENTS Date

Event Description

Tuesday, Week 5 â&#x20AC;&#x153;Panel Event on Contemporary International Concernsâ&#x20AC;?

This panel will address contentious and engaging security issues including nuclear proliferation by world powers and the international law around the use of nuclear weapons. A discussion on increased Chinese presence in Australia and the rising dominance of China and Chinese foreign policy will provide a distinct opportunity to engage with the issue of the South China Sea and growing tensions with other key states. Additionally, the panelists will address security concerns relating to terrorism and Russia/Ukraine.

We will feature a lunch time session during this semester to provide students another opportunity to truly engage with public international Tuesday, Week 12 organisations. The presentations provide students with knowledge Lunchtime sessions about the organisation, its application process and other tips. You may be wondering which international organisation will be gracing UNSW with its presence. You will have to wait and find out! The UNSW Law Society will invite a number of representatives and speakers on behalf of various international organisations. This information session equips students with a better understanding of Monday, Week 3 the practice of international human rights law. Employees, former Human Rights employees and other relevant stakeholders will provide students Employment with advice and information about the professional and academic Opportunities requirements. It will also provide the opportunity for students to Information Session learn about the nature of human rights both academically and professionally, providing the opportunity for stakeholders and employers to meaningfully respond to those concerns and inquiries.

Please note that all dates for all events are subject to change but for updated information, please check our website: www.unswlawsoc.org/

Upcoming Public Interest Law Events: Public Interest Careers Semester 2 2016

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT EVENTS Date

Event Description

Monday, Week 5 Accessing the hidden job market â&#x20AC;&#x201C; email etiquette and cold calling

The purpose of this workshop is to provide you with the skills to confidently and successfully contact prospective employers. After this workshop, you should have learnt how to develop a striking first impression in order to seek employment and opportunities at university.

Monday, Week 13 CV Workshop

This workshop should provide you with a method for developing yourself professionally, allowing you to engage in more opportunities and allow you to continually develop your CV. The session will cover the basics of writing a CV that will allow you to reflect on your experience and skills in an impressive manner.

Tuesday, Week 13 Cover Letter workshop

This workshop is aimed at all students in providing them with a method in constructing their cover letters to a high quality. It aims to give you the skills to become autonomous in your ability to write cover letters and make UNSW students and graduates more attractive to employers.

Please note that all dates for all events are subject to change but for updated information, please check our website: www.unswlawsoc.org/

Upcoming Public Interest Law Events: Professional Development Events 2016